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Wipplinger, Eduard. "Marketingová strategie Centra zdravotní prevence." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113273.
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The diploma thesis is focused on the marketing strategy of QMI's Health prevention center. The aim of the study is to make a situation analysis, through its own research to assess consumer attitudes to health and health care, evaluate opportunities and threats arising from the marketing environment and to define on the basis of the results achieved for the development strategy of health prevention centers. The theoretical part deals with theoretical background of strategic marketing, its specifics in the health care, marketing environmental analysis, market and consumer decision-making motives. It describes the legislative framework and the importance of health prevention in public health care. The practical part presents the concept and mission of the QMI's Health prevention center. It deals with the survey of consumer attitudes, application of theoretical knowledge in situation analysis and attempts to explain the current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats arising from the marketing environment. The main contribution of the thesis is a detailed situation analysis, application of knowledge gained from research and defining the marketing strategy for the development of Health prevention center.
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Chung, Yuk-seng, and 鍾玉倩. "An educational programme to prevent central venous catheter-related infections in children." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44623380.
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Machado, Cândida Elisa Silva. "Prevenir a infeção da hepatite B nos assistentes operacionais de um serviço de urgência central." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/16272.
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Mestrado, Enfermagem Comunitária, 2014, Escola Superior de Enfermagem de LisboaPara complementar a formação teórica, permitindo o desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional e a aquisição de competências para o desempenho de funções de enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem comunitária foi elaborado e implementado um projeto de intervenção comunitária. Na sua conceção esteve subjacente a metodologia do processo de planeamento em saúde definida pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros para o perfil de competências específicas do enfermeiro de saúde comunitária. Intervimos com e na comunidade de assistentes operacionais do serviço de urgência central de um hospital da região de lisboa, como grupo profissional de risco da hepatite B, sendo esta considerada doença infeto contagiosa com grande impacto mundial para a saúde pública. O nosso objetivo foi capacitar para a adoção de comportamentos de prevenção da infeção pelo vírus da hepatite B em contexto hospitalar. Realizamos as várias etapas da metodologia do planeamento do processo em saúde. No diagnóstico de situação foram utiilizados como instrumentos de recolha de informação, a consulta do registo centralizado de vacinas, os ficheiros do serviço de saúde ocupacional, um questionário, um guião de entrevista e uma grelha de observação. Identificamos como principais diagnósticos: conhecimento sobre a saúde diminuído e não adesão à vacinação com risco de ocorrência de infeção. O modelo de promoção da saúde de Pender (2011) fundamentou a intervenção para capacitar com alterações a nível cognitivo do comportamento de risco de saúde através da educação para a saúde individual e em grupo, formação “On Job”, medidas de imunização e folow-up e promoção de práticas seguras. Os resultados obtidos deram resposta ao objetivo pelo aumento da taxa de cobertura vacinal para os 88,8% e pela aquisição de conhecimentos sobre a prevenção da doença para os 94,4%, evidenciando a intervenção do enfermeiro especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária em contexto de Saúde Ocupacional.
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Gárate, Romero Yolanda Evelina. "Medidas de autocuidado para prevenir la anemia en gestantes de un centro de salud Lima, 2020." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16591.
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Determina las medidas de autocuidado para prevenir la anemia en gestantes del “centro Materno Infantil
Tahuantinsuyo Bajo” Lima, 2020. La investigación descriptiva de
corte transversal. La muestra incluyó a 52 gestantes asistentes al centro de salud a
quienes se aplicó mediante entrevista un cuestionario semiestructurado.
Encuentra que el 92% de las gestantes tenían entre 15 a 35 años; 77% entre 25 a 40
semanas de gestación, 50% tenía grado de instrucción secundaria, 71% eran
convivientes y 54% amas de casa. Concluye que la mayoría de las gestantes del
centro materno infantil Tahuantinsuyo Bajo realizan medidas de autocuidado
“favorables” para la prevención de la anemia, sobre todo en la dimensión
alimentación. En esta dimensión la mayoría de las gestantes realizan medidas de
autocuidado “favorables” ya que consumen alimentos ricos en hierro, en proteínas,
carbohidratos y vitaminas; e ingieren líquidos que permiten la absorción del hierro,
suplemento de sulfato ferroso y ácido fólico. Sin embargo, un porcentaje considerable
de gestantes tienen medidas “desfavorables”, ya que no consumen la sangrecita de
pollo, bazo, carne de res y el trigo. En la dimensión de control médico, casi la mitad
de las gestantes tienen medidas de autocuidado “favorables”, más de la mitad de las
gestantes realizaron medidas de autocuidado “desfavorable” en la prevención de la
anemia, ya que no realizaron el control de hemoglobina 4 veces durante la gestación
y no asistieron a sus 6 controles antes del parto según la norma, y sobre las cuales
deben ir las estrategias de consejería de enfermería.
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Guerin, Renee Marie. "Extracting Sustainability: An Examination of How Mining and Hydrocarbon Corporations Can Prevent Social Conflict in the Central Andes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/578950.
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The number of social conflicts between extractive corporations, governments, and local communities is rapidly increasing, especially in the oil and mining sector. Social conflicts are undesirable because they result in costs for all stakeholders. The actors involved should develop conflict prevention strategies. This thesis will demonstrate that extractive corporations can prevent conflict by utilizing a business model focused on creating sustainable development. It will examine the causes of social conflict in a Central Andean context to demonstrate that extractive industries are the stakeholders best positioned to prevent conflict. The thesis will evaluate the existing conflict prevention precedents in use in the mining industry, propose modifications to make the strategies more effective, and present an argument for the application of these precedents to the oil and gas industry.
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Jardim, Maria Helena de Agrela Gonçalves. "Juventude! Que futuro neste mundo imprevisível e de incertezas? Ansiosa!?! Depressiva!?!...Como prevenir?" Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Extremadura, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/74.
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A elevada competição e conturbação do Mundo Actual em relação a tudo (status social, nível intelectual, escolar, profissional, consumismo, fanatismo e corrupção política, desportiva, religiosa,tráfego de drogas, abuso de menores, maus tratos e mais... muito mais...), assume uma proporção tal
que muitas vezes nem nos apercebemos da sua gravidade. Esta competição incide essencialmente nos grupos etários mais vulneráveis, particularmente os adolescentes.
Vários problemas podem surgir nesta etapa da vida, tais como a marginalidade, a exclusão
social, a toxicodepêndencia e outros, para os quais diversos autores consideram a ansiedade, quer como factor desencadeante, quer como consequência.
A autora desenvolveu um estudo transversal, de tipo metodológico, correlacional e inferencial que pretende não só avaliar as propriedades psicométricas de uma escala de ansiedade, o Endler Multidimensional
Anxiety Scale (EMAS), bem como avaliar o nível de ansiedade duma amostra representativa de jovens (n=2310), de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18 anos, que frequentam escolas básicas e secundárias (rurais, urbanas e suburbanas) da Região Autónoma da
Madeira. Por conseguinte, procedeu à tradução, adaptação e validação do EMAS na versão portuguesa, visando o desenvolvimento de um instrumento de medida da ansiedade válido e fidedigno, que permita ser utilizado por profissionais de saúde e docentes por forma a contribuir, não só para a prevenção do fenómeno ansiedade, mas também que proporcione a difusão dos seus dados à comunidade, em especial a científica.
Os resultados da avaliação das características psicométricas mostram valores elevados nos diferentes
coeficientes e correlações encontrados, quer nos estudos de fidedignidade, quer nos estudos de validade.A versão portuguesa do EMAS é um teste de auto-avaliação promissor (válido e fidedigno) para avaliar a ansiedade em adolescentes, sendo um instrumento que poderá ser utilizado em diferentes contextos (clínicos e pedagógicos) por profissionais que se dediquem ao estudo ou à mensuração
daquele conceito.No que concerne ao grupo etário existem diferenças significativas entre todas as sub-escalas da Ansiedade Estado sendo os valores médios de ansiedade mais elevados na etapa da adolescência
propriamente dita (grupo etário dos 15 aos 18 anos de idade). Em contrapartida, na Ansiedade Traço os valores mais elevados de ansiedade, constatou-se no sexo masculino e apenas nas situações de avaliação social e de perigo físico e na ansiedade de percepção não se verificaram diferenças significativas.
Quanto ao sexo existem diferenças significativas na ansiedade estado global e na sua componente cognitiva, encontrando-se os valores de ansiedade mais elevados no sexo feminino, o que vem confirmar diversas teorias que defendem que este género psicologicamente estrutura-se mais precocemente. Em contrapartida essas diferenças somente se verificaram nas situações de avaliação social
e de perigo físico da Ansiedade Traço e a média de ansiedade mais elevada é no sexo masculino, o que vem reforçar o defendido por diversos autores de que os rapazes só mais tardiamente estruturam a sua personalidade . Na ansiedade de percepção, só existem diferenças significativas no item referente ao perigo físico, sendo a média de ansiedade mais elevada nos rapazes, o que revela, o já descrito, que estes adolescentes arriscam mais o perigo do que as raparigas. Mediante a utilização da Análise de Correspondências encontrou-se o paradigma da família “Tipo” Madeirense.Orientador: Amaral Dias
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LEVY, Elizabeth Samuel. "Desamparo, transferência e hospitalização em Centro de Terapia Intensiva." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/5141.
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O objetivo desta dissertação foi o de investigar a noção de desamparo na teoria freudiana, articulada ao estudo de caso de três pacientes internados em Centro de Terapia Intensiva (CTI), no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, em Belém do Pará. Na transferência, identificou-se que a enfermidade e a internação desses pacientes produziam um sofrimento psíquico tão intenso que os remetia à revivescência do desamparo infantil. Considerou-se que, a escuta analítica desse sofrimento, deu suporte a esses pacientes no sentido de subjetivar essa vivência dolorosa. Escutar o paciente pela palavra dita ou não dita, pelas linguagens possíveis e, diante das impossibilidades reais derivadas de uso de aparelhos e sondas, colocou-nos frente às questões sobre os processos de transferência e contratransferência nesse contexto hospitalar, levando-nos a uma revisão de literatura sobre a ampliação de dispositivos clínicos em ambientes não classicamente analíticos. Neste sentido, concluiu-se que um ambiente acolhedor e seguro, constituído na e, pela transferência, permitiu aos pacientes agir criativamente sobre seu mundo externo e interno e, buscarem uma superação, ainda que nunca definitiva, do estado de desamparo, atribuindo novos sentidos para suas enfermidades, suas internações e até para suas vidas.
The primary purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the concept of helplessness in the Freudian theory, articulating it with three clinical case studies. The patients were admitted at the Intensive Care Unit (UTI) of the Barros Barreto University Hospital, in the city of Belem - Pará, in the Northern part of Brazil. Transference between patients ant therapist allowed us to identify and work the intense feeling of helplessness when faced with so much suffering during their hospitalization. We believe that, by listening to their suffering, being it spoken by words or by any possible language in face of the reality derived from the actual use of devices and probes we could aid them to symbolize those painful experiences. As far as counter transference is concerned the hospital environment led us to search a broader literature more useful when working in a strictly medical environment. In such cases, we support the idea that, although we are not working in the classical psychoanalytical setting, transference and a good holding and handling of the patients, allow them to act creatively on their internal and external world, and seek to overcome, though never definitively, their helplessness, giving new meanings to their illness, their hospitalization and even in their lives.
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Santiago, Lorenzana Esmeralda. "PROPUESTA DE UN PROGRAMA DE REINSERCIÓN SOCIAL PARA EX INTERNOS DE UN CENTRO PENITENCIARIO CON EL PROPÓSITO DE PREVENIR LA REINCIDENCIA DELICTIVA." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/62614.
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Los factores de riesgo deben ser combatidos como un medio para llegar a la prevención de la reincidencia ya que dificultan el éxito de la reinserción social. De esta manera, surge la importancia de diseñar un programa tendiente a ser aplicado en personas que por la comisión de un delito estuvieron durante cierto tiempo en el centro penitenciario, con la pretensión de contribuir con ellos y con la sociedad en la posibilidad de reinsertarlos positivamente en su ámbito de desarrollo personal, así como para tratar de evitar una nueva incursión en el mundo de las conductas delictivas.
Asimismo, es importante señalar que los programas de reinserción social se concentran en apoyar a personas liberadas de un centro penitenciario, para verse a sí mismas de una manera nueva y más positiva, con esperanza de futuro. El programa que se propone se basa en el enfoque humanista, que se centra en desarrollar el potencial humano, sentimientos, deseos, esperanzas, aspiraciones; representa un compromiso para llegar a recuperar la esencialidad del ser humano, acentuar la totalidad y unicidad del individuo, una preocupación por mejorar la condición humana, así como entender al individuo, etc.
En el presente trabajo se especifican determinadas actividades para cada una de las fases de reinserción social: acogida, diseño conjunto del itinerario de reinserción individualizado, negociación y compromiso formalizado, seguimiento, reformulaciones y crisis, y final del proceso. También, se destaca que se atienden las áreas personal, familiar, salud, participación social y cultural, vivienda, derechos civiles y políticos, educativa y laboral.En el trabajo se proporcionan elementos para intentar diseñar un programa de reinserción social para ex internos de un centro penitenciario, y se aportan algunos criterios para la prevención de la reincidencia delictiva. La población penitenciaria es cada vez mayor, por lo que la expectativa de que los internos alcancen su liberación aumenta día con día. Por ello, el programa que se propone está dirigido a todo egresado de un Centro de Prevención y Readaptación Social (CPRS), ya que a la fecha ellos representan un grupo altamente vulnerable, al carecer de alguna institución o personas, en el contexto oficial o privado, que les proporcionen atención psicológica e integral para reinsertarse a la sociedad. Por lo contrario, gozan de una imagen social negativa que los estigmatiza y excluye, los sumergen en el empleo deficiente o el desempleo, lo que puede provocarles daños y problemas emocionales, a la vez que se obstaculiza su reinserción social. No pasa desapercibido que la reinserción social se construye, se facilita y es posible a partir de hacer interactuar factores protectores internos y externos; es decir, personales (autoestima, hábitos de salud, estilo de afrontamiento, etc.), psicosociales (amigos y familia), cognitivos y afectivos, mismos que logran en el sujeto hacerle frente al riesgo de la reincidencia delictiva.
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México
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Moskopp, Rainer. "Relationship between ecology and security shown by the example of the Central Asian region and policy-oriented global approaches to prevent ecologically induced conflicts." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA333999.
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Wood, Sherree F. "Strategies Employed by School Administrators to Prevent or Reduce Gang-Related Activity and Violence in Selected High Schools in a North Central Texas School District." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278289/.
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This research investigated the strategies used by school administrators in selected high schools to prevent or reduce gang-related activity and violence. Interviews were conducted with six high school principals, six assistant principals, fifteen staff members and eleven students. All of the students were gang members. The results of the study showed that there are gang members in all schools, but that their gang activity at school is curtailed by some specific strategies.
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Fuente, Capdevila Blanca de la. "Estudio de los decomisos de sustancias psicoactivas en los centros penitenciarios de Catalunya (1991-2010)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/134222.
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En el “Estudio de los decomisos de sustancias psicoactivas en los centros penitenciarios de Catalunya (1991-2010)" se examinan las tendencias de las incautaciones provenientes de los mismos analizadas en el Laboratorio Territorial de Drogas. Los datos se agrupan respecto al número y a la naturaleza de los decomisos para determinar los patrones de demanda, y por consiguiente de consumo de los internos.
Los resultados se analizan de forma global considerando todos los centros y de forma detallada para cuatro de ellos con población reclusa diferenciada, para determinar si existen diferencias entre ellos. La información obtenida se compara con las encuestas disponibles en población penitenciaria, tanto a nivel español como a nivel europeo.
Paralelamente se analizaron las aprehensiones de cocaína recibidas durante el año 2010 para determinar su riqueza y la presencia de adulterantes. El objetivo era establecer posibles diferencias en función de si estaban destinados a los internos o a la población general.The “Study of psychoactive apprehensions in Catalonian prisons (1991-2010)” examines the tendencies of the drugs apprehended and analyzed at the Territorial Laboratory for Drugs. The drugs are analyzed from the point of view of number and type to determine the patterns of demand and consequently of consumption by inmates. The data are also analyzed specifically for four prisons that were chosen because the inmates constituted different prison populations. These data are compared with the existing surveys in prison populations both at Spanish and European levels. At the same time the cocaine apprehensions received at the Laboratory during 2010 were analyzed to determine the purity and the presence or absence of adulterants. The aim of this was to determine if the drugs apprehended were different or not depending on whether they were intended for consumption by inmates or by the general population.
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Dadá, Mahomed Sidique Abdul Cadar. "Estudio de pacientes asistidos en el servicio de otorrinolaringologia del hospital central de maputo (Moçambique) con diagnóstico de cuerpo extraño (periodo 2007-2011)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284349.
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ANTECEDENTES Y FINALIDAD DEL ESTUDIO:
La problemática sanitaria de cuerpos extraños en los Servicios de Otorrinolaringología está relativamente poco estudiado, aunque los trabajos publicados demuestran que es un problema cada vez más importante de Salud Pública. Se entiende por cuerpo extraño en Otorrinolaringología cualquier elemento, animado o inanimado, que sea introducido voluntaria o involuntariamente por alguno de los orificios naturales de la cabeza. Este estudio pretende caracterizar el perfil de los pacientes observados en el Hospital Central de Maputo (Moçambique) por este problema, con el objetivo de establecer protocolos de actuación y de prevención de estos accidentes, adaptados a las condiciones socio-sanitarias del país.
MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS:
El estudio es descriptivo, retrospectivo, mediante la recogida y el análisis de los datos disponibles en las historias clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico (o sospecha) de cuerpo extraño en el área de la Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Central de Maputo. El estudio recogió los datos de 2.615 pacientes asistidos durante el periodo 2007-2011. Los resultados obtenidos son presentados mediante tablas y gráficos, habiéndose realizado un análisis descriptivo y un análisis analítico de los datos, con un nivel de significación del 95% (programas SPSS para Windows, v.15, y SAS para Windows, v.9.2 (SAS Institute Inc, NC, USA).
El estudio fue aprobado por la Dirección del Hospital Central de Maputo, por el Comité Nacional de Bioética de Salud y por el Ministerio de Salud de Moçambique.
RESULTADOS:
La mayoría de los pacientes fueron asistidos en los meses de Agosto a Noviembre, y en días laborables. Hubo un ligero predominio de pacientes de sexo masculino (53.50%). La media de edad de los pacientes fue de 13.28 años (mediana de 5 años y desviación estándar de 16.225), con una edad mínima de 0 años (meses) y una edad máxima de 80 años. El grupo poblacional más afectado fue el de menores de 14 años, especialmente los de 0 a 4 años de edad. En un 47.88% (1.252/2.615) de los casos el tiempo de evolución desde el incidente hasta su atención en el Hospital Central de Maputo fue inferior a 6 horas. El síntoma más frecuente fue la disfagia (22.83%), seguido de la odinofagia (16.10%). El 94.80% de los pacientes referían un antecedente de cuerpo extraño.
En los casos en que se había realizado un intento de extracción previo, en el 52.74% (231/438) lo había hecho el propio paciente, mientras que en el 25.80% lo había intentado personal de salud o un familiar (21.46%). Prácticamente la mitad de los pacientes (49.79%) acudieron directamente al Hospital, sin ser remitidos de otra Unidad Sanitaria. Los cuerpos extraños más frecuentes fueron los objetos metálicos (39.35%) y las espinas de pescado, huesos y trozos de carne (19.62%), siendo la localización más frecuente el esófago (42.37%), el canal auditivo externo (27%) y las fosas nasales (12.08%).
Para la extracción del cuerpo extraño en el Hospital Central de Maputo no fue necesaria la administración de anestesia general en un 56.14% de los casos.
CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES DEL ESTUDIO:
Aunque este estudio demuestra que los pacientes con cuerpos extraños son un problema de Salud Pública en un país como Moçambique, se debe tener en cuenta que el estudio se ha realizado en un Hospital de referencia y por lo tanto las conclusiones no son necesariamente extrapolables a toda la población. Sin embargo, y debido a que el estudio abarca un periodo consecutivo amplio, con un número considerable de pacientes, consideramos que es una referencia importante para valorar la magnitud de este problema sanitario, permitiéndonos proponer algunas estrategias de prevención y algunos protocolos de actuación para estos casos en Moçambique.BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: In developing countries the problem of foreign bodies in the Otorhinolaryngology area has been poorly studied. However, published studies show that it is an increasingly important public health problem. In Otolaryngology, foreign body means something, animate or inanimate, which has been introduced intentionally or unintentionally by any of the natural orifices of the head. Thus, this study aims to characterize the profile of patients seen in the Central Hospital of Maputo (Mozambique) for this problem, with the final purpose of establishing the profile of the patients and propose protocols of actuation and prevention of accidents with foreign bodies, adapted to the socio-health of the country. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We presented a descriptive and retrospective study by collecting and analyzing the data available in the medical records of patients diagnosed with, or suspected, of having a foreign body in the area of Otolaryngology at the Hospital Central of Maputo. The study sample comprised a consecutive period of 5 years (2007-2011), including 2.615 patients. Results are show in tables and graphs format. A descriptive analysis and an analytical analysis of the data were made, using the SPSS program for Windows, v.15, and SAS for Windows, v. 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc, NC, USA). Statistical significance was set at p<0.005. The study was approved by the Direction of the Hospital Central of Maputo, the National Bioethics Committee of Health and the Ministry of Health of Mozambique. RESULTS: We studied 2.615 patients with the diagnostic, or suspect, of a foreign body introduced by the natural orifices of the head. Most cases were assisted in August, September, October and November, and on working days. There was a slight predominance of male patients (53.50%). The mean age of the patients was 13.28 years (median 5 years and standard deviation of 16.225), with a range between 0 (months) and 80 years old. The most affected population group was under 14 year-old, especially those being 0-4 year-old. In 47.88% (1.252/2.615) of cases the evolution time (time from the incident to the attention in the Hospital Central of Maputo) was less than 6 hours. The most common symptoms were dysphagia (22.83%), followed by odynophagia (16.10%) and 94.80% of the patients reported a history of foreign body. Regarding the cases having a prior attempt for removal, in 52.74% (231/438) it was performed by the patient itself, while in 25.80% it was performed by health personnel or by the family (21.46%). Nearly half of patients treated at the Hospital Central of Maputo (49.79%) came directly without being referred from another health unit of the country. The most common foreign bodies were metal objects (39.35%), followed by fish bones, bones and pieces of meat (19.62%). The most common site was the oesophagus (42.37%), the external auditory canal (27%) and the nose (12.08%). It was not necessary to administer general anaesthesia for the removal of the foreign body in the Hospital Central of Maputo, in 56.14% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE STUDY: Although this study shows that patients with foreign bodies are a public health problem in a country like Mozambique, it should be noted that the study was conducted in a reference hospital and therefore, the findings may not be extrapolated to all population. However, because the study covers a large consecutive period, with a significant number of patients, we believe that it is an important reference for assessing the magnitude of this health problem, allowing us to propose some preventive strategies and some protocols for these problems in Mozambique.
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Pinto, Rosemary Fiães. "CAPSI para crianças e adolescentes autistas e psicóticos: a contribuição da psicanálise na construção de um dispositivo clínico." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2005. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5387.
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Esta dissertação pretende demonstrar a contribuição da Psicanálise na constituição de um novo dispositivo clínico para o tratamento de crianças e adolescentes autistas e psicóticos: O Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil (CAPSI). A partir da pesquisa teórico-clínica realizada em um CAPSI da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, o CAPSI Eliza Santa Roza, este trabalho visa suscitar novas questões tendo como direção a Psicanálise, com o objetivo de sustentar que só haverá uma clínica nesses novos dispositivos se a aposta no sujeito do inconsciente estiver presente. Apresenta o campo no qual o CAPSI está se constituindo, as questões atuais presentes no campo da Reforma Psiquiátrica, no que diz respeito ao campo infanto-juvenil, e o CAPSI como um dispositivo imprescindível neste cenário. A importância da psicanálise na clínica do CAPSI Eliza Santa Roza, uma vez que o trabalho com crianças autistas e psicóticas nesta instituição exige uma escuta tal qual a psicanálise sugere: de um sujeito do inconsciente. A partir de estudos de caso, demonstra a prática na instituição em questão: seus impasses e esforços no que concerne ao atendimento clínico.This dissertation intends to demonstrate the psychoanalytic contribution to the constitution of a new clinical tool for the treatment of autism and psychosis in children and adolescents: The Center for Psychosocial Care of Children and Adolescents (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil - CAPSI). Departing from a theoretical-clinical research accomplished in one specific CAPSI, The Capsi Eliza Santa Roza, this work aims at raising new questions in a psychoanalytic framework, and supporting the hypothesis that a clinical work based on this new tool will only be possible if there is a belief in the Unconscious (in the Subject of the Unconscious).
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Avila, Beth Eileen. "“I Would Prevent You from Further Violence”: Women, Pirates, and the Problem of Violence in the Antebellum American Imagination." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480437024266303.
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QUEBRA, Sâmea Carolina Ferreira. "Discurso moderno e psiquiatria reformada: considerações sobre um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS)." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/5148.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de discutir a relação entre um dos novos serviços de intervenção e cuidados sobre a loucura, o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS), e o olhar psiquiátrico que se construiu ao longo do século XIX. O CAPS, amparado pelos preceitos da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira, visa, tal como outros dispositivos, combater o modelo asilar de assistência à loucura que se deu ao longo dos séculos, sobretudo sustentado, a partir do período moderno, no discurso psiquiátrico que tomou a loucura como objeto de seu saber, transformando-a em doença mental. O método utilizado para investigação foi a observação participante que se deu através da presença direta da pesquisadora no campo de estudo, descrevendo os elementos que circunscreveram o objeto de pesquisa, tais como: oficinas terapêuticas, grupos de psicologia e de família, acolhimento, assembleias e demais atividades, coletivas ou individuais, que fazem parte da dinâmica própria do serviço investigado. Inicia com a descrição do objeto, CAPS II: Santa Izabel, desde sua implantação no município de Santa Izabel do Pará, em 2001, até suas configurações atuais. Em seguida fundamenta os preceitos da Reforma Psiquiátrica que regulamentam ideologicamente este serviço, situando as referências históricas que culminaram neste movimento reformista, a partir das contribuições teóricas foucaultianas sobre o poder psiquiátrico e transformação da loucura em doença, bem como referencia demais autores que se apropriaram desta temática no contexto europeu, brasileiro e paraense. A Psicanálise é tomada, nesta dissertação, como uma possibilidade de apostar no sujeito possível de advir e existir, destacando as contribuições de Freud e Lacan sobre a teoria psicanalítica da psicose. Finaliza com análise dos dados coletados, aproximados ao referencial bibliográfico, demonstrando que, apesar do CAPS propor a ruptura com o modelo asilar instituído pelo saber psiquiátrico, naquele século, várias ações que se sustentam nesse objetivo, atualizam práticas asilares que, ao invés de darem um novo lugar à loucura, reeditam o enclausuramento imposto aos sujeitos que vivenciavam tal experiência subjetiva. Conclui que o CAPS precisa problematizar e relativizar as exigências regulamentadas pela Reforma e por sua lei, para conseguir resistir ao saber medicalizante que se faz tanto presente quanto antes, e assim conseguir reinventar práticas, conceitos, e modos de existência à loucura.
This dissertation aims to discuss the relation between the new madness care and intervention service which is the Center for Psychosocial Care (CAPS), and the psychiatric view that was built throughout the XIX century. The CAPS that is supported by the precepts of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, purpose to combat the asylum assistance for madness model that last long over the centuries, especially supported by the modern period through the psychiatric discourse that look the madness as the object of its knowledge, transforming it into mental illness. The method of research was participant observation which passed through the direct presence oh the researcher on the study field, describing the elements that define the research object, such as: therapeutic workshops, group and family psychology, hospitality, collective or individual meetings and other activities which are part of the investigated service. It begins with a description of the object CAPS II: Santa Izabel, since its inception in Santa Izabel of Pará, in 2001 to its current settings. Then, the underlying precepts of the Psychiatric Reform ideologically governing this service, placing historical references leading to this reform movement, from Foucault‟s theoretical contributions on the transformation of psychiatric power and madness in disease, as well as other authors who seized of this issue within the Europe, Brazil and Pará were referenced. Psychoanalysis is taken in this dissertation as an opportunity to bet on a possible subject tha can succeed and exist, highlighting the Freud and Lacan‟s contributions about psychoanalytic theory of psychosis. Ends with data collected analysis, joined with bibliographic references, demonstrating that despite the CAPS propose a break with the asylum model established by psychiatric knowledge throughout that century, several actions that are supported on that objective update asylum practices that instead of giving a new place to madness, reissuing the imposed confinement on individuals who experienced this subjective experience. It concludes that the CAPS needs to make problematic and relative the regulated requirements by the Reformation and its law, to guarantee against the medicalization knowledge that is as present as before, and then get reinvent practices, concepts and ways of madness.
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Cazzoli, Simone. "Analisi storica e costruttiva di un aggregato in muratura allo scopo di determinare strumenti utili a prevenire cinematismi di danno. Il caso di un isolato del centro storico di Crevalcore." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5944/.
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Nella presente Tesi è stato fatto un lavoro di analisi storica e costruttiva di un aggregato in muratura del centro storico della città di Crevalcore per determinarne le vulnerabilità e ipotizzare cinematismi di danno di primo modo sulla base delle carenze strutturali rilevate. Tutto ciò al fine di sviluppare strumenti, in questo caso indici adimensionali, utili sia alle amministrazioni, sia ai progettisti per monitorare e ridurre nel tempo la vulnerabilità al sisma degli aggregati in muratura.
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Poerner, Ana Lu?sa Perrone. "Tend?ncia e caracter?sticas do atendimento anti-r?bico humano p?s-exposi??o na Regi?o Centro-Sul Fluminense, 2000-2005." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/753.
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The objectives of this study were to understand the characteristics of human rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) in Center-South Region of Rio de Janeiro State and analyze PEP trends against epidemiologic situation of canine rabies, indirectly analyzing integration between control actions developed in the area. Data from 4310 patients who visited health services because of animal aggressions between years 2000 and 2005 were obtained in Health State Department, as well as canine vaccination coverage information. In this paper, descriptive analysis was used to study variables like: method and source of exposure occurrence, patients age and sex, health conditions and species of the animal aggressor, PEP interruption, characteristics of the wounds and previously PEP prescription. Data related to animal exposure incidences, PEP prescription incidence, dogs density, dog/human rate and canine vaccination coverage were also studied. Simple linear regression was carried out to obtain human rabies prescription and canine vaccination trends. c? test was used to verify significant difference (r ? 0,05) among vaccinated patients proportion in the period. Incidence of animal agression ranged from 10,1/10.000 persons in 2000 to 29,2/10.000 persons in 2005, with an average of 23,7/10.000 persons. Bite exposures accounted for 79,3% of the wounds, dogs were responsible for 86,2% of the cases and most of them were healthy at the moment of the aggression (44,8%). Male patients accounted for 57,5% of the cases. Most of the patients between 1 and 15 years (35%) also were male (62,2%). Most of the wounds were unique (59,7%) superficial (60,8%) and not-provoked (60,1%). Incidence of rabies PEP ranged from 5,1/10.000 persons in 2000 to 23,6/10.000 persons in 2005, reaching an average of 15,2/10.000 persons. Rabies PEP prescription average and estimated canine vaccination coverage in the period was 64,1% and 92,8%, respectively. Estimated relation dog/human in 2005 was 1:5,8 and dog density in the same year was 16,7 dogs/km?. There was significant difference between proportions of vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients in the period. The characteristics of human rabies post-exposure prophylaxis and animal aggressions hadn t changed and there was an ascended trend in human rabies post-exposure prophylaxis prescription, with high proportions and significant difference, despite the high levels of canine vaccination coverage and absence of human and canine rabies notification, indicating a lack of integration between prevention actions developed in the area.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as caracter?sticas dos casos de atendimento anti-r?bico humano p?s-exposi??o na Regi?o Centro-Sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e analisar a tend?ncia da prescri??o de vacina anti-r?bica a humanos, v?timas de agress?o animal, frente ? situa??o epidemiol?gica da raiva canina, avaliando indiretamente a integra??o das a??es de profilaxia da raiva animal e humana na Regi?o. Os dados referentes ao atendimento anti-r?bico humano p?s-exposi??o de 4310 pacientes e informa??es sobre a cobertura vacinal canina, no per?odo de 2000 a 2005, foram obtidos na Secretaria Estadual de Sa?de. Foi realizada uma an?lise descritiva das vari?veis: tipo e modo de ocorr?ncia da agress?o, esp?cie animal agressora e sua condi??o, circunst?ncias da agress?o, localiza??o, gravidade e caracter?sticas do ferimento, motiva??o para a ocorr?ncia das agress?es, faixa et?ria e g?nero dos indiv?duos expostos, hist?rico de profilaxia anti-r?bica dos pacientes e ocorr?ncia de interrup??o da vacina??o. Foram calculadas a incid?ncia de atendimento antir?bico humano p?s-exposi??o, incid?ncia e percentual de prescri??o de vacina anti-r?bica humana p?s-exposi??o, densidade populacional de c?es, raz?o c?o/homem e cobertura vacinal canina. A regress?o linear simples foi utilizada para obten??o das retas de tend?ncia da prescri??o de vacina anti-r?bica humana e da vacina??o canina. O teste do c? foi utilizado para verificar se a propor??o de pacientes vacinados diferiu significativamente (r ? 0,05) entre os anos analisados. A incid?ncia de atendimentos variou de 10,1/10.000 habitantes em 2000 a 29,2/10.000 habitantes em 2005, com uma incid?ncia m?dia de atendimentos de 23,7/10.000 habitantes. A mordedura foi o principal tipo de agress?o (79,3%) e os c?es foram os principais agressores (86,2%), sendo que a maioria (44,8%) se encontrava sadia no momento da agress?o. A maioria dos pacientes (57,5%) foi do g?nero masculino. Os indiv?duos mais expostos tinham entre 1 e 15 anos de idade (35%), sendo que a maioria tamb?m era do sexo masculino (62,2%). A maior parte das les?es localizou-se nas m?os e p?s (36,6%), sendo que em crian?as menores de 15 anos a maioria das les?es ocorreu na cabe?a e pesco?o (75,6%). Predominaram os ferimentos ?nicos (59,7%), superficiais (60,8%) e n?o-provocados (60,1%). A incid?ncia de prescri??o de vacina anti-r?bica humana variou de 5,1/10.000 habitantes em 2000 a 23,6/10.000 habitantes em 2005, com uma incid?ncia m?dia de prescri??o de vacina de 15,2/10.000 habitantes. O percentual m?dio de pessoas vacinadas foi de 64,1%. A m?dia de cobertura vacinal canina atingida na regi?o foi de 92,8%. A rela??o c?o/homem estimada na regi?o em 2005 foi de 1:5,8 e a densidade populacional canina no mesmo ano foi de 16,7 c?es/km?. A propor??o de pacientes vacinados e n?o vacinados diferiu significativamente no per?odo analisado. As caracter?sticas dos casos de atendimento e dos animais agressores n?o se alteraram em rela??o aos relatados na literatura e observou-se uma tend?ncia ascendente na prescri??o de vacina anti-r?bica humana p?s-exposi??o, com altos percentuais e diferen?as significativas, apesar de altos n?veis de cobertura vacinal canina e aus?ncia de notifica??o de raiva canina e humana, demonstrando uma falta de articula??o entre as a??es do programa de controle na Regi?o.
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Sánchez, Llull David. "Burnout als centres públics de secundària de les Illes Balears." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284235.
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Burnout als centres públics de secundària de les Illes Balears, és una tesi que es fonamenta en una
investigació desenvolupada durant més de cinc anys, la qual intenta determinar la prevalença de
l'estrès crònic laboral (burnout) en els professors i professores que imparteixen classe als centres
públics de secundària de les Illes Balears, com a mitja per analitzar no només l'estat de salut del
nostre professorat, sinó també, per determinar com es troba el nostre model organitzatiu escolar i si
aquest fomenta un model d'escola saludable i positiu, el qual té en compte els riscos psicosocials,
els quals afecten cada vegada més al rendiment dels nostres professors mitjançant l'aparició de
problemes físics i psicològics.Burnout en los centros públicos de secundaria de las Illes Balears, es una tesis que se fundamenta en una investigación desarrollada durante más de cinco años, que intenta determinar la prevalencia del estrés crónico laboral (burnout) en los profesores y profesoras que imparten clase en los centros públicos de secundaria de las Iles Balears, como medio para analizar no sólo el estado de salud de nuestro profesorado, sino también, para determinar cómo se encuentra nuestro modelo organizativo escolar y si éste fomenta un modelo de escuela saludable y positivo, el cual tiene en cuenta los riesgos psicosociales, que afectan cada vez más al rendimiento de nuestros profesores mediante la aparición de problemas físicos y psicológicos..
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Ortuño, Puertas Blas. "Estrategias policiales preventivas de la violencia de género en adolescentes en el área metropolitana de Barcelona: sesiones divulgativas de prevención en centros escolares." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670665.
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La violencia de género en adolescentes ha aumentado de forma preocupante según las últimas cifras e informes proporcionados por el Consejo General del Poder Judicial y la Fiscalía del Estado (2012-2019). Las instituciones públicas están obligadas a realizar el esfuerzo a su alcance para prevenir este tipo de violencia, incluida obviamente la Policía.
Encontramos pocos estudios cualitativos acerca de la actividad preventiva policial en nuestro país lo cual dificulta conocer las estrategias que siguen las organizaciones policiales para luchar contra una tipología delictiva en concreto. Por otro lado tenemos conciencia de la existencia y permanencia de una institución policial que vela por la seguridad de la ciudadanía (art. 104. CE). La intersección de estas dos realidades, la policial y el problema de la violencia de género en adolescentes, conduce la realización de la presente investigación, presentando dos campos de conocimiento complejo a estudiar.
Para ello se ha realizado una revisión extensa de la literatura científica pertinente para el conocimiento del problema de la violencia de género en adolescentes así como de las estrategias preventivas policiales que puedan ser utilizadas.
Conocer las estrategias preventivas policiales, la cultura policial de este tipo de organizaciones, las actitudes de los y las profesionales de la policía que llevan a cabo estas tareas así como su operatividad marcan un primer objetivo en la investigación. El análisis de la denominada Teen Dating Violence en el mundo anglosajón y que engloba la violencia en las citas o encuentros afectivo-sexuales entre adolescentes, establecería un segundo objetivo en la investigación. Conocer la violencia de género en adolescentes, ubicando el suceso más probable en las citas o encuentros esporádicos, lejos de la concepción clásica y superada de noviazgo entre adolescentes.
La confluencia de estos objetivos nos lleva a estudiar las posibles formas de prevención de la Teen Dating Violence por parte de la Policía en forma de estrategias o programas preventivos. Entre estas estrategias o programas hemos seleccionado las sesiones divulgativas de prevención de la violencia de género en los centros escolares de la zona metropolitana de Barcelona. Para ello hemos entrevistado a policías que realizan estas sesiones o bien han formado parte de los servicios de asistencia a la víctima de violencia de género. El análisis del conocimiento aportado ha sido clave para entender la situación desde la perspectiva policial, desvelando las dimensiones exclusoras y transformadoras en la prevención de la Teen Dating Violence.
Por otro lado, la investigación señala elementos que pueden influir en la actividad preventiva policial como es la propia legitimidad policial, la cultura profesional, la actitud de los y las policías hacia la violencia de género, la existencia de protocolos específicos o los recursos destinados a la atención a la víctima y la formación policial.
Como parte esencial de la concusiones podemos extraer la necesidad de incorporar elementos teóricos basados en la evidencia, como es la socialización preventiva de la violencia de género, para dar consistencia a las estrategias preventivas policiales contra la Teen Dating Violence. Para ello también deben incorporarse conceptos no utilizados por la cultura policial como es el amor. Es tarea complicada interactuar con adolescentes para hablar de relaciones afectivo-sexuales sin que el amor encuentre encaje en las argumentaciones. Ser conscientes de qué difícilmente podremos hacer llegar un mensaje desde la posición policial utilizando el lenguaje de la ética y sin saber utilizar la potencia del mensaje que puede transmitir mediante el lenguaje del deseo.
Esta investigación de alguna forma pretende además poner a disposición de las organizaciones policiales una herramienta creada de una forma rigurosa que permita poner en marcha o mejorar si cabe sus estrategias o programas de prevención de la Teen Dating Violence. También puede resultar útil para las investigaciones que necesiten abordar la intervención policial en la prevención de la violencia de género en adolescentes.
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López, Poyato Mireia. "Infermera d’enllaç garant de la continuïtat assistencial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285930.
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OBJECTIU: determinar l’efectivitat de la infermera d’enllaç respecte al retorn a domicili i el seguiment dels malalts inclosos al Programa Infermera d’Enllaç.
SUBJECTES: malalts que a l’alta de l’HCB passen a viure dins la zona d’influència del CAP Les Corts, entre l’1 d’octubre de 2011 i l’1 d’octubre de 2012.
DISSENY: estudi observacional longitudinal. Es va obtenir una mostra de 345 participants: 252 en el grup control i 93 en el grup intervenció. La inclusió dels malalts en cada grup es va fer de forma seqüencial fins a completar la grandària de mostra necessària.
METODOLOGIA: En entrevista semiestructurada es va aplicar el qüestionari “Full de planificació de l’alta hospitalària a l’atenció primària”, que té en compte aspectes a nivell sociodemogràfic, de fragilitat i de complexitat del malalt ingressat amb alta al seu CAP. També es va aplicar una enquesta de satisfacció (PCAS) al pacient. Es va fer un seguiment als 30, 90 i 180 dies posteriors a l’alta per estudiar els reingressos hospitalaris per la mateixa causa (utilització de recursos sanitaris).
ANÀLISI DE LES DADES: es va realitzar una anàlisi univariant per determinar la freqüència de les variables i la seva distribució. Després, es va fer una anàlisi bivariant per explorar la correlació entre les variables i la seva relació amb el reingrés hospitalari i amb el temps del reingrés. Finalment, es va fer una regressió logística per determinar factors associats al reingrés i l’anàlisi de supervivència i regressió de Cox per a la variable temps al primer reingrés hospitalari.
RESULTATS: en el grup intervenció, sí que hi hagué compliment terapèutic d’infermeria en el 81,72% dels pacients, i en el grup control, en el 55,56% (p<0,001). Les següents variables/categories (traumatismes, enverinaments i algunes altres conseqüències de causa externa, cuidador informal, viu sol, Charlson (comorbiditat baixa i alta), més de dos ingressos hospitalaris en l’últim
any, urgències als 90 dies, visites no presencials als 90 dies relacionades amb el diagnòstic hospitalari a l’alta, urgències als 180 dies relacionades amb el diagnòstic hospitalari a l’alta i visites no presencials als 180 dies) van presentar una relació estadística significativa amb la probabilitat de reingrés hospitalari. El fet d’estar en el grup control o intervenció no es va associar significativament amb el reingrés hospitalari.
CONCLUSIONS: encara que estar en el grup control o intervenció no es va associar significativament amb el reingrés hospitalari, es va observar que el grup control va presentar més reingressos hospitalaris que el grup intervenció. Així mateix, el model múltiple final suggereix que les variables inherents a la tipologia de pacient tenen més pes en la probabilitat de reingrés, sense deixar de banda aquelles variables relacionades amb la continuïtat assistencial, les quals van ser mesurades a través de la variable utilització de recursos sanitaris i en les quals la figura de la infermera d’enllaç té un paper protagonista quant a facilitar al pacient la continuïtat assistencial des de l’atenció primària.OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of nurse liaison with respect to return home and follow up of patients included in the program liaison nurse. Subjects: Patients who discharge of HCB were living within the zone of influence of the CAP Les Corts, between 1 October 2011 to 01 October 2012. Design: Longitudinal observational study. A sample of 345 participants was selected, with 252 in the control group and 93 in the intervention group. The patients were incluyed in each group progressively until the necessary size was reached. METHODOLOGY: in a semi-structured interview, a questionnaire was applied, discharge planning from the hospital to primary care, which takes into account sociodemographic, fragility and complexity aspects of the patients, admitted with hospital discharge to the primary care center. A satisfaction survey (PCAS) was also carried out on the patients. The patients were followed up at 30, 90 and 180 days after discharge in order to assess hospital readmissions for the same reason(use of healthcare resources). DATA ANALYSIS: a univariare analysis was carried out to determine the frequency of variables and their distribution. Then a bivariate analysis was made to explore the correlation between variables and their relationship to hospital readmission and time to readmission. Finally, there was an evaluation to determine factors associated with readmission and survival analysis and Cox for variable time to first hospital readmission. RESULTS: In the intervention group was compliance therapeutic nursing in 81.72% of patients and in the control group in 55.56% (p <0.001). The variables / categories “injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, caregiver, living alone, Charlson (comorbidity low and high)> 2 hospital readmissions in the last year, emergency within 90 days related to hospital discharged diagnosis, emergency within 180 days related to hospital discharged diagnosis and non-contact visits within 180 days” showed a statistically significant relationship with the likelihood of hospital readmission. Being in the intervention or control group was not significantly associated with hospital readmission. CONCLUSIONS: Although being in the control or intervention group was not significantly associated with hospital readmission, was observed in the control group presented more readmissions than the intervention group. Also, the final multiple model suggests that variables inherent in the type of patient have greater weight in the likelihood of readmission, leaving aside those variables related to continuity of care, which were measured through the variable use of health resources and in which the figure of the link nurse has a leading role in terms of providing to patients continuity of care primary attention.
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Sotoca, Momblona Josep Miquel. "Problemas relacionados con la medicación de los pacientes procedentes de un centro de salud que son causa de ingreso en su hospital de referencia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2847.
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Los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos (PRM) son problemas de salud vinculados al tratamiento farmacológico del paciente y que interfieren o pueden interferir con los resultados esperados en su salud. La prevalencia de PRM es alta y en un alto porcentaje evitable. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de los PRM que son causa de ingreso en el Hospital Clínico de Barcelona de los pacientes procedentes del Centro de Salud (CS) Les Corts, su evitabilidad y los medicamentos relacionados. La metodología es una revisión de la historia clínica del paciente ingresado y la del centro de salud que permitirá la detección y evaluación de PRM a cargo de una pareja de médico y farmacéutico.Las conclusiones son las siguientes:
1. El 13,4 % de todas las altas (médicas y quirúrgicas) producidas en el hospital de referencia de los pacientes adscritos al CS Les Corts presentan PRM, estando éstos mayoritariamente implicados en el ingreso hospitalario.
2. Las altas con PRM corresponden mayoritariamente a varones mayores de 75 años, a diferencia de las altas sin PRM, donde predominan las mujeres menores de 65 años.
3. La inefectividad es la categoría de PRM mayoritaria, seguida de la seguridad y por último la necesidad.
4. Los servicios de medicina interna, cardiología y neumología son los que presentan una mayor probabilidad de recibir ingresos debidos a PRM.
5. Los problemas de salud motivo de ingreso hospitalario son mayoritariamente circulatorios (38,5%) y respiratorios (11,5%). Entre los primeros destacan la insuficiencia cardiaca congrestiva, el accidente cerebrovascular y el infarto agudo de miocardio, y entre los segundos las infecciones respiratorias.
6. En una 57,3% del total de altas con un PRM como responsable del ingreso hospitalario se ha considerado que dicho PRM es evitable.
7. El 80% de los PRM son de gravedad moderada.
8. Los grupos terapéuticos más frecuentemente implicados en los PRM son el cardiovascular (C), hematológico (B), antiinfeccioso vía sistémica (J) y sistema nervioso (N).
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Zini, Renato Luis. "Acolhimento como pr?tica psicol?gica no contexto de um Centro de Aten??o Psicossocial em ?lcool e Drogas." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2013. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/449.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-05This phenomenological research aimed to apprehend the experience of persons who have been attended in a Psychosocial Care Center on Alcohol and Drugs - CAPS - located in a medium size town in S?o Paulo state in the context of the practice of welcoming made effective by a psychologist. This practice has been regarded as one of the facilitator contrivance for the consolidation of the National Health Humanization Program, implemented by the Ministry of Health since 2004. Although, the act of welcoming is recommended as interdisciplinary and inserted into the routine of all professionals and services related to Brazilian Public Health, the purpose was to analyze it from the perspective of a humanistic oriented psychologist. This is a qualitative phenomenological research based on the encounters of the researcher and the participants on the context of a duty care routine service. Thirty-six adults of both sexes were interviewed including those who attended the service for the first time and those who returned to treatment after a period of neglect during the period of September 2011 and August 2012. From these thirty-six people, fifteen were selected to participate in the research. As a strategy for the analysis of the encounters with the participants, there were constructed written narratives that enabled the researcher to approach with elements of the experience of these people from his own impressions on meeting them in a dialogic relationship. The results showed significant elements that emerged from these clinical encounters: 1) self-image: the participants refer to themselves as people who can undertake changes in the way of living towards the physical and psychological health; feel hopeful about the possibility of recovery from treatment adherence; 2) relationship with the body: the experience revealed a split between the physical body and its symbolization leading them to neglect the information transmitted to them by service technicians as to be carriers of serious physical ailments and other health problems; 3 ) selfperception: they preserve the condition of narrating their own life story, relating facts and relevant events that impelled them to be in the present condition; 4) affective relationships: the beginning of the use of chemicals is associated with emotionally relevant people, but it is also, the decision to seek help to get rid of addiction, 5) suffering because of the manner they are living as a trigger for seeking professional help, 6) relationship with drugs consumption: independent of the substance(s) sed, most of the time, consumption was reported by participants as something that they had already stopped when they took the initiative to seek help from CAPS.Participants felt welcomed during the encounters due to the empathic attitude and acceptance of the psychologist. The practice of welcoming performed in this study regarded the well-known institutional practice of psychology on duty care as proposed by Brazilian psychologists as an intervention made effective by the means of some specific attitudes held by the psychologists in order to receive clients psychological emergency demand. Thus, it was possible to realize the importance of a dialogic relationship to engage an experiential process that provides the client with a rescue of his/her subjectivity.
A pesquisa objetivou apreender fenomenologicamente a experi?ncia de pessoas atendidas em um Centro de Aten??o Psicossocial em ?lcool e Drogas, situado em um munic?pio do interior do estado de S?o Paulo, a partir da pr?tica de acolhimento efetivada por um psic?logo. Esta pr?tica tem sido considerada como um dos dispositivos facilitadores para a consolida??o do Programa Nacional de Humaniza??o em Sa?de, implementado a partir de 2004 pelo Minist?rio da Sa?de. Embora o ato do acolhimento seja preconizado como interdisciplinar e inserido na rotina de todos os profissionais e servi?os de sa?de p?blica brasileiros, procurou-se analis?-lo sob a perspectiva da pr?tica de um psic?logo de orienta??o humanista. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de inspira??o fenomenol?gica e o contexto escolhido para os encontros do pesquisador com os participantes foi o atendimento rotineiro de plant?o. Foram entrevistadas trinta e seis pessoas adultas de ambos os sexos que compareceram ao servi?o pela primeira vez ou retornaram ao tratamento ap?s um per?odo de abandono, entre os meses de setembro de 2011 e agosto de 2012. Destas, foram selecionadas quinze para participarem da pesquisa. Como estrat?gia para a an?lise dos encontros com os participantes foram constru?das narrativas que possibilitaram ao pesquisador uma aproxima??o com elementos da experi?ncia dessas pessoas a partir de suas pr?prias impress?es ao estar com elas numa rela??o dial?gica. Os resultados evidenciaram elementos significativos que emergiram dos atendimentos: 1) autoimagem: os participantes referem-se a si mesmos como pessoas capazes de empreender mudan?as na forma de viver em dire??o ? sa?de f?sica e psicol?gica; sentemse esperan?osos em rela??o ? possibilidade de recupera??o a partir da ades?o ao tratamento; 2) rela??o com o corpo: revelou-se a experi?ncia de uma cis?o entre o corpo f?sico e sua simboliza??o, levando-os a negligenciarem as informa??es que lhes eram transmitidas pelos t?cnicos do servi?o quanto a serem portadores de mol?stias f?sicas graves e outros agravos ? sa?de; 3) percep??o de si: preservam a condi??o de narrarem sua pr?pria hist?ria de vida, relacionando fatos e eventos relevantes que os impeliram a estar na condi??o atual; 4) rela??es afetivas: o in?cio do uso de subst?ncias qu?micas est? associado a pessoas afetivamente relevantes; da mesma forma em rela??o ? decis?o de procurar por ajuda para livrar-se da depend?ncia; 5) sofrimento face a maneira como se est? vivendo como elemento desencadeador da busca por ajuda profissional; 6) rela??o com o consumo de drogas: independente da(s) subst?ncia(s) usada(s), o consumo era referido pelos participantes na maioria das vezes como algo que j? haviam deixado, assim que tomaram a iniciativa de procurar pelo CAPS. Os participantes sentiram-se acolhidos durante os atendimentos em fun??o da postura emp?tica e aceitadora do psic?logo. Os atendimentos realizados assemelham-se ao plant?o psicol?gico como pr?tica de interven??o cl?nica em institui??es quanto ?s atitudes do plantonista e a sua forma de acolher a demanda do cliente. Foi poss?vel constatar a import?ncia de uma rela??o dial?gica para o desencadear de um processo experiencial que disponibiliza ao cliente um resgate de sua subjetividade.
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Milbank, Edward. "Extracellular vesicles as a therapeutic strategy to prevent or reverse obesity and its metabolic complications in the field of nanomedicine Extracellular vesicles: Pharmacological modulators of the peripheral and central signals governing obesity Microparticles from apoptotic RAW 264.7 macrophage cells carry tumour necrosis factor-a functionally active on cardiomyocytes from adult mice." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0074.
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A ce jour, les thérapies anti-obésité restent limitées. De récente études ont fourni des résultats prometteurs en démontrant une diminution du poids de la souris via une injection stéréotaxique d’une forme dominante négative de l’AMPK (AMPK DN) directement dans le noyau ventromédial hypothalamique (VMH). Cependant, le potentiel thérapeutique de cette thérapie génique se voit entravé par une libération non spécifique de l’AMPK suite à une injection intraveineuse, plus adaptée à une approche clinique. Nous avons donc développé une approche de « nanobiomédecine » en utilisant des exosomes - nanovésicules contenant des lipides, des protéines et des acides nucléiques - pour délivrer l’AMPK DN spécifiquement au niveau du VMH. Des cellules dendritiques immatures ont été utilisées pour produire des exosomes non-inflammatoires. Pour permettre le ciblage spécifique du VMH par les exosomes, les cellules dendritiques ont été transfectées pour exprimer Lamp2b, une protéine exosomale, fusionnée au peptide de ciblage neuronal RVG. De façon intéressante, les exosomes Lamp2b-RVG ont été localisés au niveau du cerveau suite à une injection intraveineuse. Les exosomes Lamp2b-RVG ont ensuite été chargés par l’AMPK DN sous le contrôle d’un promoteur spécifique du VMH, apportant une double spéficité tissulaire aux exosomes. Les exosomes Lamp2b-RVG chargés avec l’AMPK DN induisaient une diminution de la phosphorylation de l’acetyl-CoA carboxylase dans des cellules Neu2A in vitro. De plus, l’injection intraveineuse d’exosomes Lamp2b-RVG chargés avec l’AMPK DN induisait une perte de poids de l’animal après 6 jours de traitement, démontrant le potentiel de cette approche de « nanobiomédecine »Actual pharmacological therapies for treating obesity are limited. Promising results on decreasing mice body weight were obtained using a ventromedial nucleus hypothalamic (VMH) stereotaxic injection of a dominant negative isoform of AMPK (AMPK DN). However, DNA-mediated therapeutic potential is hampered by inadequate tissue specific delivery following a systemic injection - more adapted to a bedside approach -. Herein, we developed a nanobiomedicine approach using exosomes - nano-scaled endogenous vesicles containing lipids, proteins and nucleic acids - to deliver DNA in a hypothalamic specific way. Immature dendritic cells were used to generate non inflammatory exosomes. Exosome neuronal targeting aptitudes were achieved by constraining the dendritic cells to express Lamp2b, an exosomal protein, fused to the neuron-specific RVG peptide. Interestingly, DID-labelled Lamp2b-RVG exosomes were found into the mice brain following an intravenous injection. Isolated Lamp2b-RVG exosomes were then loaded by transfection-mediated techniques with AMPK DN under the control of a VMH specific promoter conferring double tissue expression specificity to the exosomes. AMPK DN-loaded exosomes induced a decrease of acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation in Neu2a neuronal cells in vitro. Furthermore, intravenously injected AMPK DN loaded exosomes induced a decrease of mice body weight following 6 days of treatment, demonstrating the potential of this nanobiomedicine approach
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Le, Dieu-Lugon Berenice. "Etude longitudinale des Effets du MgSO4 dans un modèle d'Encéphalopathie du Prématuré, chez la Souris Mâle ou Femelle. Association avec un Inhibiteur d'Histone déacétylase. Time- and sex-dependent efficacy of magnesium sulfate to prevent behavioral impairments and cerebral damage in a mouse model of cerebral palsy Longitudinal evaluation of magnesium sulfate and 4-phenylbutyrate effects on behavioral consequences and oligodendrocyte differentiation in a mouse model of cerebral palsy." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR099.
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La paralysie cérébrale (PC) désigne les troubles permanents du développement du mouvement et de la posture, responsables de limitations d’activité et causés par des atteintes cérébrales non progressives survenant au cours du développement. Ils sont souvent accompagnés de troubles sensoriels, perceptifs et/ou cognitifs. Plusieurs facteurs de risque sont répertoriés tels une naissance prématurée et une hypoxie-ischémie (HI), avec une incidence accrue chez les garçons. Au niveau tissulaire, la PC se caractérise par une atteinte préférentielle de la substance blanche. Chez les enfants âgés de 2 ans, l’administration de sulfate de magnésium (MgSO4) aux mères en menace d’accouchement entre 24 et 32 semaines de grossesse réduit le risque relatif de PC de 32 % (Doyle et al., 2009). Chez des enfants âgés d’environ 11 ans et exposés in utero, le MgSO4 tend à diminuer le taux de retard scolaire (Chollat et al., 2014). Malgré ces résultats et l’absence d’effets propres délétères du MgSO4 pour la mère et le foetus, il n’existe pas aujourd’hui de stratégie internationale consensuelle pour prévenir l’apparition de la PC chez les enfants prématurés. Ceci est notamment dû au manque de connaissances concernant les mécanismes d’action du MgSO4. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons validé un modèle murin d’encéphalopathie du prématuré consistant en la réalisation d’une HI chez la Souris âgée de 5 jours. Il nous a permis d’étudier les mécanismes sous-tendant la neuroprotection du MgSO4, de rechercher ses potentiels effets propres délétères, ainsi que d’étudier l’effet du sexe. À court terme, nous avons mis en évidence une prévention totale par le MgSO4 des déficits comportementaux induits par l’HI périnatale. À long terme, la prévention aux niveaux histologique et comportemental n’est que partielle et dépendante du sexe (Daher et al., 2018). Ces résultats, ainsi que les importantes différences interindividuelles, concordent avec les observations cliniques. Nous avons alors cherché à améliorer les effets neuroprotecteurs du MgSO4 à long terme. Pour cela, nous l’avons associé à une seconde molécule ayant des propriétés anti-excitotoxique, anti-apoptotique et anti-inflammatoire, qui est prescrite chez l’enfant, le 4-phénylbutyrate (4PBA) ; qui est aussi un inhibiteur d’histone déacétylase. Le 4PBA n’altère pas la prévention totale exercée par le MgSO4 sur les déficits sensorimoteurs à court terme et il prévient les altérations comportementales induites par l’HI à long terme. Ces premiers résultats sont très encourageants, d’autant que nous n’avons pas observé d’effets propres délétères. Cela indique que la combinaison de plusieurs molécules constitue une piste de recherche pour le développement de nouvelles stratégies de neuroprotection et que celles-ci doivent impérativement tenir compte du sexe du patientCerebral palsy (CP) is a multifactorial disease characterized by severe motor disabilities, causing activity limitations and often accompanied by neurodevelopmental disorders like cognitive or visual deficits. Preterm birth and hypoxic-ischemic (HI) event are two main risk factors of CP, and boys are more prone to develop CP. Moreover, CP is characterized by specific white matter alterations. In 2 years-old children, the administration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) to women at risk of preterm delivery between 24 and 32 gestational weeks reduces the prevalence of CP by 32 % (Doyle et al., 2009). In children aged about 11 years-old and exposed in utero, MgSO4 tends to prevent grade repetition (Chollat et al., 2014). Despite these promising results and despite the absence of deleterious proper effects for the mother as for the foetus, there is still no international consensus about the best treatment to prevent CP in preterm infants. This could be explained by the lack of knowledge concerning MgSO4 mechanisms of action. During this thesis, we have first validated a rodent model of encephalopathy of prematurity which consists in performing an HI in postnatal day 5 mice. In a sex-dependent manner, we have evaluated MgSO4 longitudinal effects and we have also searched for potential deleterious effects through neurochemical, behavioral and histological approaches (Daher et al., 2018). At short-term, we have observed a complete prevention by MgSO4 of HI-induced sensorimotor deficits, with the same efficacy in male and female pups. However, at long-term, MgSO4 induced a partial prevention of HI-induced behavioral deficits, in a sex-dependent manner. These results and the high interindividual variability that we observed, are consistent with clinical observations. Consequently, we aimed at improving the partial neuroprotective effects of MgSO4 at long-term. To do this, we associated it with a second molecule, the 4-phenylbutyrate (4PBA) which displays anti-excitotoxic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties and which is already prescribed in babies. At short-term, the 4PBA did not alter the complete prevention exerted by MgSO4 on the sensorimotor deficits. At long-term, it induced a complete prevention of HI-induced behavioral deficits. Moreover, no deleterious proper effects were observed with the MgSO4-4PBA combination. To summarize, these results are very encouraging and indicate the possibility to associate several molecules in order to develop new neuroprotective strategies. Moreover, we highlighted the necessity to conduct such studies in a sex-dependent manner
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Diego, del Río Laura 1977. "Independent drug information for medicines management." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129850.
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On the 50th anniversary of the creation of the first medicines information center, the core of this PhD Thesis offers an insider perspective and provides several examples of independent drug information, with a focus on new drugs. On the one hand, it provides an overview of the origins and challenges current medicines information centers within public healthcare organizations are experiencing. Several strategic lines aiming for information centers continue to meet drug information needs in the actual healthcare and economic context are presented. Additionally, various examples of independent drug information as a tool for medicines management are as well provided. First, the evaluation of the place in therapy of methylnaltrexone, the first peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist, licensed for opioid-induced constipation in patients with advanced illness. Second, the role of three novel opioid antagonists (methylnaltrexone, alvimopan and modified release naloxone) and four other agents (NKTR-118, TD-1211, ADL-7445 and ADL-5945), which are currently under different stages of clinical development, in the management of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction is discussed. The annexes compile two editorials, one on new drugs’ policies and a second on how should the pharmaceutical benefit scheme be reviewed in order to maximize its economic impact without compromising healthcare quality. For illustrative purposes, several drug information bulletins are enclosed, reviewing the place in therapy of other newly marketed drugs.En el contexto del 50 aniversario de la creación del primer centro de información de medicamentos, esta tesis ofrece una perspectiva interna y varios ejemplos de actividades de información independiente, centrándose especialmente en los nuevos medicamentos. Por un lado, revisa los orígenes y retos a los que se enfrentan los centros de información de medicamentos de la sanidad pública hoy en día. En este sentido, se proponen varias líneas estratégicas para garantizar que éstos centros continúen respondiendo a las necesidades de información en el actual contexto económico y sanitario. Adicionalmente, se presentan varias actividades de información independiente que sirven de herramienta para la gestión del medicamento. En primer lugar, la evaluación del lugar en terapéutica de la metilnaltrexona, el primer antagonista periférico del receptor mu-opioide, indicado para el tratamiento del estreñimiento inducido por opioideis en pacientes con enfermedad avanzada. En segundo lugar, se revisa el papel de los nuevos antagonistas opioides (metilnaltrexona, alvimopan y naloxona de liberación prolongada) y de otros cuatro agentes (NKTR-118, TD-1211, ADL-7445 y ADL-5945), actualmente en diferentes fases de desarrollo clínico, en el manejo de la disfunción intestinal inducida por opioides. Los anexos compilan dos editoriales, una primera sobre las políticas de nuevos medicamentos y la segunda sobre cómo maximizar el impacto en la reducción de la oferta de medicamentos públicamente financiados sin comprometer la calidad asistencial. A modo ilustrativo, se incluyen varios boletines de información de medicamentos en los que se revisa el lugar en la terapéutica de otros nuevos medicamentos recientemente comercializados.
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NASCIMENTO, Rodolfo Valentim Carvalho do. "Trabalho precarizado e transtorno mental: a visão dos profissionais de um CAPS de Belém-PA." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/8671.
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O presente estudo é resultado de pesquisa de tipo qualitativa na forma de análise dos relatos verbais de dez profissionais de um CAPS de Belém do Pará, com o objetivo de analisar a visão que possuem da relação trabalho e transtorno mental, mais especificamente sobre os impactos das mudanças no mundo do trabalho na saúde mental de trabalhadores que fazem tratamento no CAPS, e que referem seus transtornos mentais como resultantes das condições precárias de trabalho. Como desdobramento desse objetivo primeiro, a pesquisa procurou analisar se as respostas institucionais iriam ao encontro das demandas dos usuários ou se restringiriam à medicalização/administração de sua condição de “doente mental”. Como referencial teórico-metodológico adotou-se a abordagem marxista, o que permitiu uma revisão histórica e teórica críticas das mediações que envolvem a relação objetividade-subjetividade, notadamente as determinações econômicas e sociais presentes na sociedade capitalista contemporânea marcada pela precarização do trabalho, incremento das desigualdades sociais e banalização do humano, decorrente da obtenção da mais-valia. A abordagem da relação saúde mental e trabalho, de Seligmann-Silva e de Dejours também foram de suma importância para uma análise o mais ampla possível dos dados coletados, sobretudo, os estudos dos efeitos danosos do processo de trabalho na subjetividade do trabalhador. A hipótese inicial da pesquisa, que se confirmou, era de que as mudanças no mundo do trabalhado, a partir da crise capitalista contemporânea, intensifica a precarização das relações de trabalho e, consequentemente, todas as dimensões da vida social, favorecendo o surgimento de transtornos mentais, e que tal fenômeno seria perceptível pelos profissionais do CAPS. Os elementos do universo do trabalho que impactaram a saúde mental foram: a falta de identificação com o trabalho, relações de trabalho competitivas, instalações precárias, intensificação do ritmo e da jornada de trabalho, ausência de tempo livre e aumento da vulnerabilidade social. Associados a estes elementos, a violência social desempenhou papel importante na produção dos transtornos mentais. A pesquisa revelou também que os efeitos deletérios da nova organização do trabalho sobre a saúde mental estenderam-se aos próprios profissionais do serviço, cujo elemento central é a extensão da jornada de trabalho. Já os dados sobre as respostas institucionais evidenciam uma tensão entre as ações que favorecem a maior autonomia dos usuários e as ações focalizadas na administração\medicalização de sua condição de “doente mental”, porém com hegemonia das primeiras.
This study is the result of empirical research in the form of analysis of verbal reports of ten professionals of a CAPS Belém do Pará, in order to analyze the vision that have the relationship work and mental disorder, more specifically on the impact of changes the world of work in mental health workers who make treatment in CAPS and referring to their mental disorders as a result of poor working conditions and life. An outcome of this first objective the research sought to examine whether the institutional responses would meet the demands of users or restrict the medicalization/administration of their status as "mentally ill". As theoretical and methodological framework adopted the Marxist approach, which allowed a historical and theoretical review critical of mediations involving the relationship objectivity-subjectivity, in particular, the economic and social determinations present in contemporary capitalist sociability marked by job insecurity, increase social inequalities and trivialization of human from the obtaining of surplus value. The approach in mental health work and Seligmann-Silva and Dejours were also of paramount importance to an analysis of the widest possible data collected, in particular, studies of the harmful effects of the work process in the worker's subjectivity. The initial hypothesis of the research, which was confirmed, was that the changes in the working world, from the contemporary capitalist crisis, intensified the pace and working hours, precarious labor relations and consequently all dimensions of social life favoring the emergence of mental disorders and that such a phenomenon would be noticeable by the CAPS professionals. The elements of the world of work that impacted the mental health were: a lack of identification with work, competitive interpersonal relationships, poor facilities, stepping up the pace and working hours, lack of free time and social vulnerability. The survey also revealed that the deleterious effects of the new organization of work on mental health have shown extended to service professionals themselves, whose central element is the extension of the working day. Data on institutional responses show a tension between the actions favoring greater autonomy for users and actions focused on the administration \ medicalization of their status as "mentally ill", but with the hegemony of the first.
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RAMEŠOVÁ, Martina. "Nejčastější důvody krizové intervence u dětí a mládeže - jejich prevence, řešení, terapie." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-47475.
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HULÍNSKÁ, Silvie. "Ošetřovatelská péče jako nástroj prevence komplikací u pacienta iktového centra." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-364733.
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In the diploma thesis called Nursing Care as a Complication Prevention Tool in the Patient Stroke Center, we dealt with various aspects of nursing care in the stroke center. The development of nursing research in the stroke center lags behind the development of rapidly growing medical knowledge. With the development of medical care, nursing care should respond flexibly. The research intent was to get comprehensive information on preventing complications in patients in the stroke center using nursing care. We have investigated the complications that may arise in patients with acute stroke and how they can be affected by nursing care. We have set three goals: to find out what stroke complications can be influenced in the acute phase by nursing care, to identify nursing activities by nurses in stroke centers to prevent complications and to identify obstacles and limits of preventive nursing care in the stroke center. These objectives correspond to five identified research questions. We were interested in the opinions of the staff on the provided nursing care and we also wanted to know the perception of the care provided by the patients themselves. We have tried to identify key nursing care sites, identify weaknesses and possible shortcomings, and have sought to find the basis for possible improvement in care. The qualitative research strategy was chosen to achieve the objectives of the thesis. The technique of data collection was an individual depth semi-structured interview with ten respondents. The interviews were subjected to qualitative analysis using the ATLAS.ti program. By coding, a total of 104 codes have been identified, grouped into 20 categories. We identified 18 complications that can occur with a stroke patient. For all these complications, we have found interventions to be prevented or alleviated. The results also show that nurses working in the stroke center should have specialized education for intensive care rather than college education. Specialized education in neurological issues, which nurses can acquire through post-graduate stroke seminars and exercises, is also suitable. We have identified systemic barriers to nursing care, including lack of material, lack of time and lack of staff. As obstacles on the part of nursing staff we have identified nursing indifference, poor mood, poor collaboration with the patient, hurried care, physical limitations (back pain, fatigue), lack of awareness, knowledge or skills and inadequate teamwork. As obstacles on the part of the patient we have evaluated speech disorders, perception disorder, unconsciousness, faulty adaptation, lack of cooperation, lack of understanding, distrust, negation, aggression, restlessness, disorientation, apathy, depression, overvaluation of own abilities, conflict with the patient's family. During the research, other interesting facts emerged that do not directly relate to the goals and research questions.
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MATOUŠKOVÁ, Monika. "Centrum pro kondici kardiologických klientů." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-54114.
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ABSTRACT This diploma thesis is focused on cardiac fitness and rehabilitation centres. The reason why I have made this choice for my thesis was the fact that despite all recommendations of professional associations dealing with cardiovascular disease issues, adherence to secondary prevention and treatment regimen measures is absolutely poor also in patients who had been given superior and costly care during their acute medical condition. Adherence to secondary prevention guidelines includes treatment regimens and measures to reduce risk factors. Theoretical part of the thesis lists risk factors highly involved in coronary diseases. An integral part in maintaining good physical condition of cardiac clients is residential spa treatment and following care in cardiac fitness and rehabilitation canters. Involvement of nurses in care for patients with coronary diseases would be just in the area of secondary care and regimen measure adherence. Use of their competencies and joining non-medical facilities addressing this issue could improve the gaps in secondary prevention. The goal of this thesis was to map out the patient requirements for cardiac fitness and rehabilitation centers within secondary prevention. To determine the difference in secondary prevention effectiveness between clients visiting cardio clubs and clients living in location without any cardio club. Another goal was to research the connectivity of cardiac clients in the follow-up care after their discharge from ward departments and possibilities of cardio clubs and in cardio club management, to find out the possibility to involve a nurse in cardiac client care. Qualitative research with semi-structured interviews and quantitative research relied on a questionnaire have been used in this study. Research group consisted of healthcare professionals and cardiac patients. Goals of the thesis have been met, research questions answered and hypotheses confirmed. The results can be served as a base for establishment of other cardiac fitness and rehabilitation centers and involvement of nurses. Output of this thesis is an encouragement for general nurses and can be used in risk factors of coronary diseases.
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DUKOVÁ, Ivana. "Dětské a dorostové detoxikační centrum, jeho úloha a význam v síti protidrogových služeb." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-52140.
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The objective of this thesis was the description of the work of the Child and Adolescent Detoxification Centre in Prague, its importance in the treatment drug addiction among children and adolescents. Another objective was to find out about the interrelationship of the work of regional coordinators for the prevention of risk behaviour and forms of follow-up therapy according to individual needs and nature of Child and Adolescent Detoxification Centre in Prague. The research conducted in the period from January to March 2010. Mapping the variants of follow-up therapy of the clients using habit-forming drugs in different regions of the Czech Republic and the forms of prevention are other objectives. The theoretical part of the thesis contains the description of the establishment of the Hospital of Sisters of Mercy of St. Charles Borromeo, in the premises of which the Child and Adolescent Detoxification Centre (CaADC) in Prague is located, as well as the description of the CaADC, and its medical and other personnel. The thesis describes the process of hospitalization, tests which preceded it and the necessary procedures to ensure successful completion of the hospitalization. Part of the theoretical block is dedicated to the care provided by a social worker, psychologist and therapists. Related legislation that forms the basis of prevention methods of individual regional drug coordinators and the centre itself is an integral part of the work. Prevention is a critical form of struggle against the abuse of psychotropic substances by children and adolescents. It is described in detail here, as well as the factors involved in the development of addiction. Other related terms only complement the mosaic of the studied issue. Within quantitative research, a content analysis of the data from the statistics of the Child and Adolescent Detoxification Centre in Prague was used to verify set hypotheses. The responses of regional drug coordinators to a set of open and semi-open questions, which were formulated for this purpose, were also used. Another source was the results of standardized interviews with three doctors at the Child and Adolescent Detoxification Centre in Prague. Hypotheses 1, 3 and 5 have not been confirmed. On the contrary, hypotheses 2 and 4 have been confirmed. The set objectives have been met. Unfortunately, our country still lacks a sufficient number of facilities that provide follow-up care of child drug addicts, as is clear from the research.
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DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Kamila. "Stresové faktory působící na operátory tísňové linky 112 a jejich prevence na vybraných pracovištích." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-188862.
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This thesis is dealing with the issues of stress and stress factors found at the 112 emergency call operators. Citizens call the emergency number 112 in case of notification of an extraordinary situation. However, in some cases the emergency call is being misused. The call is then marked as spiteful. The ECC runs in a 24-hour shift operation and the operators change after a 12-hour shift. Each new operator is accepted in the service based on his knowledge, physical, health and above all psychological examination. He is obliged to attend the entrance training and courses in lenght of overall nine weeks. There he gets to know the issues of FRS CR, operational management and he has to pass a language course as well. It is very psychologically demanding for every operator to receive emergency calls. The operator needs to be able to listen, empathize and react adequatly. He deals with calls concerning accidents, injuries, foreigners and spiteful calls. An operator should recognize its gravity and devote to its resolution. However, he has his own personal life along with its joys and problems. It is vital that he is able to separate issues of his work and those of personal nature. This and many other indicators may cause stress reactions to the operator. Many psychologists have attempted to define stress. Each has, however, a different opinion and it is complicated to reach a an accurate definition. One thing is for sure - and that is stress shows itself in different ways and everyone is affected by it differently. In case of an emergency call operator, the stress factors are mainly time to execute the call, character of the notification, as well as the working group, personal life and emotional challenge. Multiple questions have been formulated for this thesis. Both current and former emergency call operators in Ceske Budejovice have been asked these question, which were then processed. The questions were divided into five fields concerning the interviewees' characteristics, collective and family, prevention a one last field was designated for the former operators. The interviews were anonymous, recorded and summarized. Two objectives were defined for this thesis: an analysis of the stressful situations of the emergency call operators and also of the impulses causing the formation of the stress factors, aw well as drafting a solution to stressful situations, possibility of the psycho-training, motivation and relaxation. The answer to the research question 'Which stress factors restrict the operators while performing service and how do they come into being' was determined from the carried-out interviews. There are situations which can make the operators insecure, such as a suicidal call, or when the call is unintelligible, or in case the incident cannot be correctly and quickly localized. Another problem can be the spiteful calls, in which case the telephone just rings and the caller hangs up right away. Another answer has also been extracted from the respondents: 'Which possibilities to handle stress do the operators have, which way to get rid of stress is satisfactory for them'. In the area of FRS of the South Bohemian Region there is a sports ground for every member to use. They would gladly welcome an opportunity to visit the firefighters's intervention in person. They are interested in psychology education, working with a suicidal call and periodic language courses. There are some proposals and ways to prevent stress of the 112 emergency call operators stated in the conclusion of the thesis. The system of training, possibilities to exchange workplaces, periodic language courses and interviews with the regional psychologist of the FRS of the South Bohemian Region. There are relaxation methods introduced, which would enable the operators to reduce stress and thus prevent illnesses, psychic exhaustion and eventually even a burnout. The results of this thesis can be used for all 112 EECs in the Czech republic.
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Šainerová, Bohumila. "Motivační práce s klientem v Dětském a dorostovém detoxikačním centru." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-341276.
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The topic of this thesis is "Motivational work with a client in Child and adolescent detox center". The target of the theoretical part of this thesis is to describe motivational work with the client of the Child and adolescent detox center in the Hospital Sisters of Mercy of St. Charles Borromeo in Prague. The theoretical part is focused on general issue of drugs and addiction. Furthermore, there are described historical changes of the drug scene in our country in the 60s of the 20th century. Moreover, there are mentioned preventive measures against the emergence of the drug addiction. The detailed focus was given to the department of the Child and adoslescent detox center of the Hospital Sisters of Mercy of St. Charles Borromeo in Prague. In addtion, there are stated options of the treatment which can be used by the client during the stay in the Child and adolescent detox center in the Czech Republic. The aim of the practial part of the thesis is to analyse if and how the motivation for the change of the curent behaviour of the client varies during his or her visit in the Child and adolescent detox center. Furthermore, the analysis is focused on the casuistic description of personal and social background of the clients as well as the development of their drug issues during the treatment. The...
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BACÚŠANOVÁ, Veronika. "Pohled pracovníků kontaktních center na praktikování a význam Harm Reduction." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-51813.
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The thesis deals with the issue of care of drug addicts in the in the Czech Republic, particularly the Harm Reduction. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the above-mentioned working procedures with clients, the legislative framework of the services and the current situation on the drug scene in the Czech Republic. The practical part uses a qualitative form of research. The information was collected by means of structured interviews with open questions. The respondents were eleven workers of contact centres in the Central Bohemian region which has five such facilities. I cooperated with four of them for the purposes of the thesis. The objective of the thesis was to demonstrate that the Harm Reduction services are important and beneficial from the viewpoint of workers of contact centres and to find out whether the contact workers have any suggestions about how to improve the Harm Reduction services in the Czech Republic.
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VANĚČKOVÁ, Iveta. "Sekundární prevence sociálně patologických jevů." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-51662.
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In exordium of thesis I am engaged in the explanation of the conception of socially pathological phenomena and in the diagnosis of this conception into the social pathology and then I describe some of these significant negative and dangerous phenomena, which threaten the youth, too. Mainly I target violent phenomena and dependencies. Subsequently I am resolving the problem of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, too. I am writing especially about different recommendations and measures, how not to need occur the prevention, especially the tertiary prevention. Next I target the secondary prevention especially the prevention of violent phenomena and dependencies. In conclusion I am focusing on Salesian youth centre - centre of children and youth in České Budějovice and shortly I describe activities of these centre with an eye on the pursuance or the realization of the secondary prevention not to occur the origin or the expansion of socially pathological phenomena.
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Zalánová, Zuzana. "Prevence konfliktů v Uzbekistánu a Turkmenistánu." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-298469.
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This diploma thesis deals with conflict prevention in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Its aim was to compare its relevance and results in the both countries. In doing so, the first theoretical section outlined the way of assessing conflict potential, which conditions and justifies applying preventative measures. This was examined in terms of Copenhagen school and its broaden meaning of security, whereas the paper focused on the political, economic and societal dimension. Then the notion of conflict prevention was framed within terminological and historical context and considered in terms of its trends and current challenges. At the end of the theoretical section, the concepts if security dimensions and conflict prevention were discussed in terms of their applicability for the case studies of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Afterwards, the empirical section researched the conflict potential and preventive actions of international organisations, states and non-state actors in the both countries. Analytical part evaluated the empirical data in order to assess conflict prevention in the both states. In doing so, I used SWOT analysis, which defined strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of conflict prevention in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. The results can be summarised as follows: The character...
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PAŽOUTOVÁ, Petra. "Prevence nozokomiálních infekcí u centrálních venózních katétrů na standardních a intenzivních odděleních." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-174710.
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Nosocomial infections are one of serious problems of modern medicine and nursing also nosocomial infections mean real serious problems for future. Prevention of nosocomial infections, applied together with pointed and meaningful antimicrobial therapy is the only causal solution now. This work was aimed primarily at a comparison of knowledge of common nurses working in intensive care wards and common nurses in standard wards. In general, it could be said that the aim of this work was to map the scope of knowledge of common nurses as for nosocomial infections as well as aseptic care for central venous catheters including catheter sepses. The found deficit in knowledge of common nurses pointed out the occurrence of mistakes in nursing practices. Quality of nursing is connected closely with standardisation of nursing procedures. Quantitative research inquiry was realised in 4 medical facilities: Regional hospital Liberec, a.s., Masaryk city hospital in Jilemnice, Hospital České Budějovice, a.s. and Hospital with polyclinic in Semily. As the research method there was chosen a non-standardised questionnaire. The sample of respondents was chosen as an intentional selectionand and in to statistic processing included 290 relevantly filled out forms. The research investigation also included a comparison and quantification of nursing standards. In view of the performed comparison of standards in nursing we concluded that creation of incomplete or even inconsistent standards occurs here. We have prepared a "Proposal on a standard of nursing care for inserted venous catheter", of which form could enable to implement it in medical care facilities within the Czech Republic and define clearly basic nursing procedures within the scope of these problems.
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Štýbrová, Martina. "Terapie pro pachatele jako způsob zvýšení efektivity prevence domácího násilí na ženách v České republice." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-333281.
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Diploma thesis Batterer intervention programs as a way of increasing an effectiveness of prevention of domestic violence on women in the Czech Republic deals with the issue of domestic violence against women and its impact on the Czech state budget. On example of the impact of domestic violence on children as witnesses of this violence, I try to explain that through strengthening a prevention of domestic violence (public awareness, programs for children and therapeutic work with perpetrators) the economic impact could be reduce. The main aim of this study is to define all economic losses associated with domestic violence against women, describe how is domestic violence solved by government and whether this solution reflects the high risk of transmitting of violent patterns from parent to child. Aims of the study focuses on the economic losses associated with domestic violence against women dealing with domestic violence by the state and abroad reflection of good practice. Domestic violence is a serious social problem that we encounter in most cultures. It could happen in all socio-economic strata, regardless of age or race. According to international research (International against Women Survey, 2002 - 2003) we could conclude that 22 - 40 % of women had experienced during his life domestic. In...
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Matos, Bela Filomena Fernandes Ferreira. "Prevenir a indisciplina e melhorar o comportamento de alunos em centros escolares." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/17113.
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Este artigo é o relato de um trabalho de investigação-ação realizado num Centro Escolar sobre o tema da indisciplina, uma das preocupações da comunidade educativa. Direcionámos a nossa lente para os comportamentos dos alunos no recreio escolar, com incidência para os dias de chuva.
A indisciplina envolve atitudes e comportamentos que são considerados inadequados e inaceitáveis em relação ao momento, contexto ou expectativas. Para diminuir e/ou prevenir este fenómeno, devem ser identificadas as causas e estabelecidos programas sistemáticos de prevenção. Passa ainda pela participação de todos os agentes educativos, incluindo os alunos.
Realizámos o diagnóstico a fim de refletirmos sobre o problema, fazendo uma análise dos dados recolhidos, através de observações documentais e naturais, bem como dos questionários aplicados a pessoal docente e não docente, que nos permitiram realizar uma triangulação dos dados.
Foi elaborado e implementado um projeto na escola para ocupar de forma saudável os tempos livres, promovendo os valores e atitudes, a fim de minimizar e/ou prevenir os problemas disciplinares. Pretendíamos ainda a discussão/reflexão compartilhada e a procura de soluções conjuntas. Os resultados foram positivos, com a diminuição da indisciplina e a melhoria do clima de escola, para as quais foi determinante o envolvimento da comunidade escolar e dos diferentes parceiros.
Longe de ser um “receituário” com alternativas que venham a sanar o problema, o objetivo principal do projeto foi, antes de mais, promover a reflexão e análise do tema por parte dos envolvidos no processo educacional e dar início a um processo de mudança de atitudes dentro da escola.This report is the result of an action research which took place at a schooling centre with the focus on the lack of discipline, one of the concerns amongst school staff. We focused our attention on student behaviour in the school playground, particularly on rainy days. The indiscipline includes attitudes and behaviors which are considered inadequate and unacceptable considering the moment, the context or expectations. To decrease and/or prevent this phenomenon, the causes must be considered and the preventive programs established. It is also needed the participation of all the educative agents, including the students. We made the diagnosis as a way of reflecting about the problem making an analysis of the natural data collected as well as interviews and questionnaires with teaching and non-teaching staff, so that we were able to perform a triangulation of data. A project was developed and implemented that would occupy the students’ spare time in a healthy way thereby promoting values, attitudes and ultimately minimizing and preventing disciplinary problems. We looked forward to joint discussions / brainstorming and sharing ideas in the search for better solutions. The results were positive with a decrease in indiscipline and an improvement in the schooling environment. The involvement of the school community and the different partners was a determining factor. Far from being a "recipe" with alternatives that will solve the problem, the main objective of the project was, first of all, to promote reflection and analysis of the theme by those involved in the educational process and to initiate a process of changing attitudes inside the school.
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KOREŠ, Jiří. "Aspekty etického jednání klientů Doléčovacího centra Prevent v kontextu budování jejich nové identity." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-50396.
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The theoretical part of this diploma thesis deals with the changes of behaviour and attitude of clients who underwent drug addiction therapy. I have focused on the ethical aspects of these changes and their development within the build-up of the clients' new identity. I will analyse the environment and facilities in which the changes take place, approaches to therapy as well as addiction models, these being the decisive factors of change. I will also focus on the concept of identity build-up as presented in M. Brožová's analysis as a process of changes, which take place after therapy in communities and therapeutic facilities. In the conclusion, I will analyse the conception of ethics and the components of ethics as a basis to define signs of ethical behaviour in the topics of respondents. The practical part is a probe into the process of behaviour and attitude development of Prevent After Care clients. In the introduction, I will present the applied research methods, selection of fields, the research sample and operational procedures. Further, individual dialogues with respondents are included, including interpretation of the dialogues in relation to human practice and an interpretation of behaviour changes. In the dialogues, I will focus on the perception of changes by the clients themselves, their idea of freedom and their values.
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SOUKUPOVÁ, Věra. "Úroveň zajištění bezpečnosti dětí ve střediscích ekologické výchovy." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-52380.
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Spoustová, Ivana. "Poměr rodičů k nezletilým dětem se zřetelem na specifika domácího násilí." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338428.
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The dissertation thesis "Relationship of parents to minors with regard to the specifics of domestic violence" focuses in particular on judicial proceedings in cases of custody of minors where family relationships are affected by domestic violence. It attempts to explain why it is necessary for the courts to take into account this fact and to adopt such measures within their decisions to provide sufficient protection to persons at risk and at the same time to stop violent behaviour. Domestic violence as a dangerous social phenomenon is described in detail; information on its individual appearances and forms is brought; briefly mentioned are also other scientific disciplines whose knowledge is important not only for the recourse of offenders and the protection of victims but also for creation of a strategy of effective prevention. Negative impacts on mental state of minors are stressed, who must be viewed in all cases of domestic violence as its victims, i.e. also when the violent behaviour is not immediately directed against them. The thesis brings interpretation of the current legislation with reference to the most important changes in the legislation in the last decade. Last but not least, measures de lege ferenda are proposed the implementation of which could contribute to eliminating this...
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HORÁK, Petr. "Zdravotní a sociální situace uživatelů nelegálních drog a pomoc od relevantních sociálních a zdravotnických zařízení v České republice." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-46413.
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Health and social situation of illicit drug users and the aid they receive from the respective social and healthcare institutions in the Czech Republic This thesis is composed of two main parts: theoretical and practical. Theoretical part contains chiefly categorization of illicit drugs, where we learn how they are divided according to their origin, effects, and their chemical composition, as well as their seriousness for the society. The thesis also maps the development of the illicit drug scene before and after 1989 and also discusses the importance of the year 1994{---}considered a breakthrough{---}since even before the convertibility of the Czech currency, it witnesses a massive invasion of high-quality and cheap heroine import. Furthermore, the harmful effects of drug abuse and their categorization is presented. Health hazards are correlated with data covering the HIV and viral hepatitis diffusion in the Czech Republic. This part also contains a list and description of institutions dealing with illicit drug abuse and issues connected with it. An analysis of social, health, and economic situation of illicit drug users, those filed in a L/K center. In conclusion, the thesis deals with the illicit drug use policy in the Czech Republic, where prevention, repression, prohibition and regulations are discussed, within the framework of sample of other national drug policies. The reader will find here the description of individual illicit drugs as well. The thesis aims to map the activities of K-centers, and the way their work{---}in its result, the aid to illicit drug users{---}is being made harder by the low-threshold institutions. Low-threshold institutions were chosen to represent the group of relevant institutions since they are attended by the illicit drug users most often, as well as being the first institution of this kind the users come to. The author also explored what suggestions of improvement the centers present. Three hypotheses were set: 1. The offer of services is broad in K-centers 2. Low-threshold institutions lack resources 3. Low-threshold institution representatives hold serious reservations to the illicit drug use policy in the Czech Republic The data were collected in questionnaires and secondary analysis of data from annual reports of K-centers. The questionnaires were filled in by low-threshold centers representatives. The data confirmed the set hypotheses. In the discussion, the author debates the results of his research and discusses expert literature, while explaining difficulties that he encountered composing this thesis. The conclusion deals with the suggestions for improvement, particularly of the illicit drug use policy and sums up the thesis.
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Huang, Su-Yi, and 黃綉懿. "Antioxidant Improved the Behavioral Performance and Prevented the Dendritic Regression of the Central Neurons of Rats Subjected to Sleep Disturbance-induced Fatigue." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02364854836604539801.
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碩士國立中興大學
獸醫學系暨研究所
96
Fatigue can be induced by burn-out, forced exercise, sickness or sleep disturbance and resulted in symptoms including impaired motor coordination, concentration, attention and memory. Dendrites are dynamic structures that can change in response to environment changes. Among these changes, alterations of the dendritic protuberance, often in the forms of spines or appendages, are especially prominent. Melatonin, a pineal hormone and efficient antioxidant that has receptors expressed in hippocampus and cerebral cortex, has been used to treat sleep disorders. Melatonin and another effective herbal antioxidant catechin have been used to treat chronic fatigue syndrome. They are believed to be able to improve the individual’s activity and to promote the hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory. In this study, we investigated whether changes of behavioral performance and the dendritic morphology of central neurons accompanied the sleep disturbance-induced fatigue in rats. In addition, whether exogenous antioxidant supplement during fatigue induction prevented the deterioration of behavioral performance and the dendritic changes of the studied central neurons was also studied. Rats were kept in a water cage to induce central fatigue and weight-loaded forced swimming test was used to evaluate the extent of the fatigue. Corticospinal and vestibulospinal neurons were retrogradely labeled and their dendritic arbors revealed with intracellular dye injection and analyzed after 3-dimensional reconstruction. Our results showed that rats subjected to sleep disturbance-induced fatigue performed poorer in the weight-loaded forced swimming test and Morris water maze test. These changes were reversed following 3 days of rest. Analysis of the corticospinal dendritic arbors showed that their basal, apical and total dendritic lengths were not changed following sleep disturbance-induced fatigue. The densities of the dendritic spines of the corticospinal and CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons were however significantly reduced. The densities of spines on these neurons returned to control level following 3 days of rest. Interestingly, vestibulospinal neurons displayed more numerous dendritic appendages but reduced dendritic length in rats following 5 days of sleep disturbance. Antioxidant administration had no effect on the weight-loaded forced swimming and Morris water maze performances of normal rats, it however improved the outcome of rats subjected to fatigue-induction including both behavioral performances and the densities of dendritic spines on corticospinal and CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons. In conclusion, our results showed that fatigue could alter central neuronal dendritic structures and compromised the animals’ sensorimotor and memory performances simultaneously. Exogenous antioxidant treatment during fatigue-induction was effective in preventing these changes. Thus, our results suggest that fatigue-induced oxidative stress is likely to be responsible for the structural and behavioral alterations of animals that resulted.
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Pignatti, Luísa Hoff Portieri. "International mechanisms and standards to prevent money laudering and global terrorism financing through offshore jurisdictions under the prism of fiscal efficiency." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/44549.
Full textAbstract:
In the financial arena, the era of globalization has brought countless advances to the economies, providing growth, job creation and expanding international markets. On the other hand, it has carried out detrimental consequences, such as the internationalization of financial vulnerabilities for organized crime to accomplish their undertakings. Whereas different concerns, money laundering and terrorist financing often explore the same loopholes to perform their activities, either because of the anonymity, obscurity or opacity required for the achievement of their ends. Tax havens play an important role on such times: by offering a no or low levy and a weak regulation environment, they entice a great volume of non-resident financial activities and provide the perfect spot not just to avoid taxation, but as well as take in illegitimate capital flows connected to criminal endeavours. Such financial refuges enable illegal activities to take place by granting the indispensable secrecy and confidentiality to individuals and companies to achieve their unlawful agenda, frequently behind layers of complex business structures. The misappropriation of the financial system to conduit illicit or even licit schedules as to produce money laundering and terrorist funding unavoidably imperils the world society and its welfare. Bearing in mind that engagements of illegitimate capital may harm the trustworthiness, soundness and confidence of the financial institutions as a whole and that money laundering and terrorist financing performances are persistently completed on an international environment, the effort to battle them must be global. On that account, the present study aspires to uncover the linkage between the failures provided by offshore jurisdictions in terms of fiscal efficiency that further allow the upsurge and propagation of such harmful attempts. In order to provide an enrichment of existing international mechanisms and standards, to enhance strategies that consistently deliver transparency, address challenges and track solutions must be accomplished in a joint and worldwide scale.Na arena financeira, a era da globalização trouxe inúmeros avanços para as economias, proporcionando crescimento, criação de empregos e expansão dos mercados internacionais. Por outro lado, tem levado a consequências prejudiciais, como a internacionalização das vulnerabilidades financeiras para o crime organizado realizar seus empreendimentos. Ainda que preocupações distintas, a lavagem de dinheiro (branqueamento de capitais) e o financiamento do terrorismo frequentemente exploram as mesmas lacunas para realizar suas atividades, seja por causa do anonimato, da obscuridade ou da opacidade exigida para a realização de seus fins. Os paraísos fiscais desempenham um papel importante em tais tempos: ao oferecer um imposto mínimo ou nulo e um ambiente regulatório fraco, atraem um grande volume de atividades financeiras de não residentes e constituem o local perfeito não apenas para evitar a tributação, mas também receber fluxos ilegítimos de capital ligados a atividades criminais. Tais refúgios financeiros permitem que atividades ilícitas ocorram, garantindo o sigilo e a confidencialidade indispensáveis a indivíduos e empresas para cumprir sua agenda ilegal, muitas vezes por trás de camadas de estruturas empresariais complexas. A utilização danosa do sistema financeiro para conduzir cronogramas ilícitos ou até mesmo lícitos para produzir lavagem de dinheiro e financiamento do terrorismo inevitavelmente coloca em risco a sociedade mundial e seu bem-estar. Tendo em conta que o emprego de capital ilegítimo pode prejudicar a confiabilidade, solidez e fidúcia das instituições financeiras como um todo e que os comportamentos de lavagem de dinheiro e financiamento do terrorismo são persistentemente concluídos em um ambiente internacional, o esforço para combatê-los deve ser global. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo pretende revelar a ligação entre as falhas fornecidas pelas jurisdições offshore em termos de eficiência fiscal que permitem o aumento e a propagação de tais ocorrências prejudiciais. A fim de proporcionar o enriquecimento dos mecanismos e padrões internacionais existentes, o aprimoramento de estratégias que consistentemente forneçam transparência, abordem os desafios e viabilizem soluções deve ser realizado em escala conjunta e mundial.
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RYTÍŘOVÁ, Zuzana. "Možnosti před cestovního poradenství a specifické profylaxe importovaných infekčních onemocnění v Jihočeském kraji." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-138092.
Full textAbstract:
The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the problems of imported infectious diseases. It comprises the factors influencing their incidence and the possibilities of specific and nonspecific prophylaxis and prevention. Further on, this part focuses on chosen infectious diseases, their epidemiological and clinical characteristics and trends in incidence. These infections are divided according to possibilities of specific prophylaxis. The thesis offers an overview of the possibilities of pre-travel consultancy in the South Bohemia region. The practical part of the thesis aims at the characterization of the incidence of imported infectious diseases in the districts within the region of South Bohemia in the years 2000 ? 2010. It also presents a survey of medical facilities and other subjects providing pre-travel consultancy and specific prophylaxis in the sphere of imported infectious diseases prevention. During the monitoring period, the total number of imported diseases which occurred in the region of South Bohemia and were registered in the EPIDAT system was 351. Out of this number, 205 cases occurred in the district of České Budějovice. (Český Krumlov ? 47, Jindřichův Hradec ? 25, Písek ? 2, Prachatice ? 17, Strakonice ? 31, Tábor ? 24). The most frequent imported infections were alimentary infections (240 cases, i.e.68 %); out of this, the most frequent cases were diseases caused by Salmonella (73 cases), Shigella (71 cases) and campylobacters (42 cases). The most frequent countries of origin were Egypt (43 cases), Croatia (42 cases) and India (30 cases). The number of medical facilities and other subjects providing pre-travelling consultancy and specific prophylaxis of infectious diseases rose from nine to thirteen during the period of monitoring. Four hypotheses were determined within this thesis. Hypothesis no.1 ? during the period of monitoring the total number of imported infectious diseases increased. Hypothesis no.2 ? during the period of monitoring the total number of infectious diseases imported from exotic destinations increased. Hypothesis no. 3 ? during the period of monitoring there was an increase in the number of the facilities and other subjects providing pre-travel advice, vaccination or other specific prophylaxis. Hypothesis no. 4 ? the increasing number of medical facilities or other subjects providing pre-travel advice, vaccination or other specific prophylaxis did not influence an increase in the number of imported infectious diseases during the period of monitoring. Only hypotheses no. 3 and no. 4 were proved.
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Čechová, Julie. "Práce speciálního pedagoga ve školním poradenském pracovišti." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-336692.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis concerns the profession of the school special educational advisorr working in a mainstream primary school and his acting in favor of pupils with learning difficulities. The theoretical part describes the group of pupils with whom the school special educational advisor works and possibilities of this work, the cooperation with other partners (teachers, professionals and institutions outside the school and pupils' parents ) in supporting those pupils and the three-stage model of care for pupils at risk in school development. The practical part in the form of qualitative research examines how school special educational advisors acting in primary schools in Prague see themselves in their profession. KEY WORDS: School special educational advisor, school counseling centre, three-stage model of care, special education needs, prevention, diagnostics, intervention
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Bruxel, Laerson. "Democracia, Deliberação e Mídia na Esfera Pública Contemporânea: um Estudo sobre Experiênciasa Referendárias no Brasil e em Portugal." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/20165.
Full textAbstract:
Tese de doutoramento em Altos Estudos Contemporâneos, na especialidade de Ciência Política (História Política e Estudos Internacionais), apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de CoimbraA presente investigação analisa e compara material publicado por dois jornais, – Folha de São Paulo, do Brasil, e Público, de Portugal -, sobre referendos realizados nos dois países, respectivamente, em 2005 e 2007. O objetivo é verificar se nesse material há falas com argumentos que possam ser considerados úteis para contribuir com um processo deliberativo, na perspectiva da democracia defendida por Jürgen Habermas. Ancorado numa sugestão de Simone Chambers, o material jornalístico é classificado como retórica plebiscitária ou retórica deliberativa. A retórica plebiscitária se caracteriza pela presença de mais elementos que não contribuem para a realização de uma deliberação pública, enquanto a deliberativa contém significativa presença de subsídios considerados importantes para o desenvolvimento desse processo. O reforço de alguns elementos no material jornalístico, – e a investigação avalia e quantifica quais elementos a mídia privilegia -, pode fazer com que se aproxime ou se distancie daquilo que é qualificado como importante para um debate público numa perspectiva habermasiana. A decisão de acionar mais um ou outro elemento está entre as opções que a mídia faz. Ao optar, ela sai de uma zona de fronteira, com várias possibilidades em aberto, e realiza um processo de demarcação. E, ao demarcar, ela estabelece limites, seja para um ou para outro processo. Considerando que a mídia tem potenciais ambivalentes, a investigação assume este pressuposto: não é possível definir a priori o papel que a mídia desempenha em eventos específicos de deliberação pública, como no caso dos referendos, isto porque em seu material comparecem todos os elementos da retórica, tanto os tendentes a favorecer como aqueles que prejudicam um processo deliberativo. Mas dada sua lógica de produção e divulgação, ela revela alguns dos seus limites que a impedem de complexificar os temas da agenda pública. E a hipótese que se assume nesta tese é que as escolhas da mídia privilegiam mais os elementos da retórica que se coadunam com a lógica da evidência, que é refratária a um processo argumentativo. Por acionar em maior número os elementos que são limitadores de um processo argumentativo, é temerário apontar a mídia como fórum central para a deliberação pública. E, se o seu poder de abrangência pode ser tomado como potencialmente útil para a realização de processos deliberativos nas democracias contemporâneas, a simples disponibilidade desse dispositivo não permite chegar à conclusão açodada de que sua prática contribua efetivamente para o desenvolvimento do debate público. Pelo seu potencial, e por permitir que em seu interior também circule material identificado como uma retórica deliberativa, até pode-se ver na mídia um ator capacitado a realizar um papel complementar, mas não central, no processo mais amplo da deliberação pública. E, nessa linha de análise, não se pode descartar por completo a possibilidade de o material produzido pela mídia ser desencadeador de um processo deliberativo na sociedade ao ser apropriado ou reinterpretado de diferentes maneiras pelos diversos atores da esfera pública.