Relevant bibliographies by topics / Centrifugally Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors

Academic literature on the topic 'Centrifugally Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Centrifugally Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors"

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Archambault, B., N. Boyle, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Gamma-blindness & neutron detection efficiency assessments with centrifugally tensioned metastable fluid detectors in low-scatter environment." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 1019 (December 2021): 165863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165863.

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Harabagiu, Catalin, Nathan Boyle, Brian Archambault, David DiPrete, and Rusi Taleyarkhan. "High resolution plutonium-239/240 mixture alpha spectroscopy using centrifugally tensioned metastable fluid detector sensor technology." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 37, no. 2 (2022): 264–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ja00285f.

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This paper presents a novel and rapid, wet chemistry technique for spectroscopically detecting trace (∼10−3 Bq mL−1) level alpha emitting radionuclides mixtures with under 10 keV alpha energy resolution – with 100% gamma–beta rejection.
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Hume, N., A. Hagen, T. Grimes, B. Archambault, A. Bakken, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "MAC-TMFD: A novel, Multi-Armed Centrifugally Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detector (gamma-blind) — Neutron-alpha recoil-fission spectrometer." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 949 (January 2020): 162869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.162869.

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Harabagiu, Catalin, Stepan Ozerov, Jacob Minnette, Nathan Boyle, Mitchell Hemesath, Eli Vanderkolk, and Rusi P. Taleyarkhan. "Detection sensitivity comparison of centrifugally tensioned metastable fluid detector vs Ludlum-42-49B™ for shielded & unshielded neutron source configurations." Nuclear Engineering and Design 385 (December 2021): 111530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111530.

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Archambault, Brian, Alex Hagen, Kai Masuda, N. Yamakawa, and Rusi P. Taleyarkhan. "Threshold Rejection Mode Active Interrogation of SNMs Using Continuous Beam DD Neutrons With Centrifugal and Acoustic Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 64, no. 7 (July 2017): 1781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2016.2628244.

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Grimes, T. F., and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Fast neutron spectroscopy with tensioned metastable fluid detectors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 830 (September 2016): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.05.118.

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Boyle, Nathan, Brian Archambault, Mitch Hemesath, and Rusi Taleyarkhan. "Radon and Progeny Detection Using Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors." Health Physics 117, no. 4 (October 2019): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hp.0000000000001066.

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Taleyarkhan, R. P., B. Archambault, A. Sansone, T. F. Grimes, and A. Hagen. "Neutron spectroscopy & H*10 dosimetry with tensioned metastable fluid detectors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 959 (April 2020): 163278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.163278.

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Archambault, Brian, Alexander Hagen, Thomas F. Grimes, and Rusi Taleyarkhan. "Large-Array Special Nuclear Material Sensing With Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors." IEEE Sensors Journal 18, no. 19 (October 1, 2018): 7868–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2018.2845344.

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Grimes, Tom, and Rusi Taleyarkhan. "Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors in Nuclear Security for Passively Monitoring of Special Nuclear Materials―Part A." World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 01, no. 03 (2011): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2011.13010.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Centrifugally Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors"

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Solom, Matthew 1985. "Breaking the Tension: Development and Investigation of a Centrifugal Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detector System." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148316.

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The current knowledge of the performance characteristics of Centrifugal Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors is limited. While a theoretical treatment and experience with bubble chambers may be applied with some degree of success, they are no substitute for experimental and operational knowledge of real CTMFD systems. This research, as with other investigations into CTMFD systems in the past, applies theory and simulations. In addition, however, an experiment was conducted that for the first time attempts to determine the threshold energy for triggering a CTMFD system in a controlled manner. A CTMFD system works in a manner similar to classic bubble chambers. A liquid is brought to an unstable state in which it is favorable to form a volume of vapor; using centrifugal techniques similar to those employed in a Briggs apparatus, the pressure in the sensitive region can be brought to extremely low values, placing the liquid in a tensile state. In such states, the energy necessary to cause the formation of macroscopic bubbles can be vanishingly small, depending on the degree of tension. When such bubbles form in a CTMFD, if they have a size bigger than a critical value, they will grow until a large vapor column forms in the sensitive region of the CTMFD. The experiment developed for this research employed a carefully-controlled laser to fire pulses of known energies into the sensitive region of a CTMFD. By varying the laser power, the threshold values for the triggering energy of a CTMFD can be found. The experiment and simulation demonstrated the ability of the facilities to test CTMFD systems and the potential to extract their operational characteristics. The experiment showed a certain viability for the technique of laser-induced cavitation in a seeded fluid, and demonstrated some of the associated limitations as well. In addition, the CFD framework developed here can be used to cross-compare experimental results with computer simulations as well as with the theoretical models developed for this research.
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(5930228), Anthony A. Sansone. "Neutron Spectroscopy Development in Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors." Thesis, 2021.

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This dissertation describes work conducted in pursuit of interests in adapting Tension Metastable Fluid Detectors (TMFDs) for dosimetry-related applications with the specific intent of engineering a neutron ambient dose spectrometer. TMFDs possess several charac- teristics desirable for neutron spectrometry, including high efficiencies, complete blindness to gamma and beta radiation, and tailorable-threshold response functions. Prior spectro- scopic work with TMFDs, aptly named Single Atom Spectroscopy (SAS), was constrained to a specific subset of detection fluids who’s composition includes hydrogen and only one other higher Z element (e.g. hydrocarbons), where only one element is assumed capable of initiating a cavitation detection event (CDE). The present work alleviates these restrictions, enabling spectroscopy in detection fluids with multiple constituent elements.

Simulating the detector’s response predicates knowledge of the energy necessary for ra- diation induced nucleation, which has been theoretically derived with nucleation theory for superheated fluids, but remains unbeknownst for tensioned metastable states. This limi- tation was overcome using MCNPX-PoliMI to model the spatial recoil nuclei spectra from isotope sources and coupled with SRIM to generate the ion energy deposition probabil- ity density within a critical length scale of each interaction event. Thereafter, the energy deposition threshold necessary to generate a detection event, and corresponding response matrix, was derived empirically by solving for the solution curve that minimizes the residual difference between the measured and simulated count rates.

The accuracy of the derived response matrix was evaluated through comparisons with a 6LiI Bonner Sphere Spectrometer in which, for 252Cf and 239PuBe/241AmBe isotope source neutron spectra, the two systems offered results within ±10% of each other for ambient equivalent fluences on the order of 100 μRem/hr fields. Notably, when under ultra-low (10 μRem/hr) fields the Bonner spectrometer and other traditional detectors proved impractical. In contrast, the TMFD system was capable of resolving underlying spectral features and corresponding ambient dose rates within ±5% of MCNP predictions.

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Conference papers on the topic "Centrifugally Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors"

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Xu, Y., P. Smagacz, J. Lapinskas, J. Webster, P. Shaw, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Neutron Detection with Centrifugally-Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors (CTMFD)." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89199.

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Tensioned metastable liquid states at room temperature were utilized to display sensitivity to impinging nuclear radiation, that manifests itself via audio-visual signals that one can see and hear. A centrifugally-tensioned metastable fluid detector (CTMFD), a diamond shaped spinning device rotating about its axis, was used to induce tension states, i.e. negative (sub-vacuum) pressures in liquids. In this device, radiation induced cavitation is audible due to liquid fracture and is visible from formed bubbles, so called hearing and seeing radiation. This type of detectors is selectively insensitive to Gamma rays and associated indication devices could be extremely simple, reliable and inexpensive. Furthermore, any liquids with large neutron interaction cross sections could be good candidates. Two liquids, isopentane and methanol, were tested with three neutron sources of Cf-252, PuBe and Pulsed Neutron Generator (PNG) under various configurations of neutron spectra and fluxes. The neutron count rates were measured using a liquid scintillation detector. The CTMFD was operated at preset values of rotating frequency and a response time was recorded when a cavitation occurred. Other parameters, including ambient temperature, ramp rate, delay time between two consecutive cavitations, were kept constant. The distance between the menisci of the liquid in the CTMFD was measured before and after each experiment. In general, the response of liquid molecules in a CTMFD varies with the neutron spectrum and flux. The response time follows an exponential trend with negative pressures for a given neutron count rate and spectra conditions. Isopentane was found to exhibit lower tension thresholds than methanol. On the other hand, methanol offered a larger tension metastability state variation for the various types of neutron sources, indicating the potential for offering significantly better energy resolution abilities for spectroscopic applications.
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Hume, N., J. A. Webster, T. F. Grimes, A. Hagen, R. P. Taleyarkhan, and B. C. Archambault. "The MAC-TMFD: Novel multi-armed Centrifugally Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detector (Gamma-Blind) — Neutron-alpha recoil spectrometer." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ths.2013.6699044.

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Webster, Jeffrey A., Alexander Hagen, Brian C. Archambault, Nicholas Hume, and Rusi Taleyarkhan. "High Efficiency Gamma-Beta Blind Alpha Spectrometry for Nuclear Energy Applications." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30821.

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A novel, Centrifugally Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detector (CTMFD) sensor technology has been developed over the last decade to demonstrate high selective sensitivity and detection efficiency to various forms of radiation for wide-ranging conditions (e.g., power level, safeguards, security, and health physics) relevant to the nuclear energy industry. The CTMFD operates by tensioning a liquid with centrifugal force to weaken the bonds in the liquid to the point whereby even a femto-scale nuclear particle interactions can break the fluid and cause a detectable vaporization cascade. The operating principle has only peripheral similarity to the superheated bubble chamber based superheated droplet detectors (SDDs); instead, CTMFDs utilize mechanical “tension pressure” instead of thermal superheat offering a lot of practical advantages. CTMFDs have been used to detect a variety of alpha and neutron emitting sources in near real-time. The CTMFD is selectively blind to gamma photons and betas allowing for detection of alphas and neutrons in extreme gamma/beta background environments such as spent fuel reprocessing plants or under full power conditions within an operating nuclear reactor itself. The selective sensitivity allows for differentiation between alpha emitters including the isotopes of Plutonium. Mixtures of Plutonium isotopes have been measured in ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 Pu-238:Pu-239 with successful differentiation. Due to the lack of gamma-beta background interference, the CTMFD’s LLD can be effectively reduced to zero and hence, is inherently more sensitive than scintillation based alpha spectrometers or SDDs and has been proven capable to detect below femtogram quantities of Plutonium-238. Plutonium is also easily distinguishable from Neptunium making it easy to measure the Plutonium concentration in the NPEX stream of a UREX reprocessing facility. The CTMFD has been calibrated for alphas from Americium (5.5 MeV) and Curium (∼6 MeV) as well. The CTMFD has furthermore, recently also been used to detect spontaneous and induced fission events which can be differentiated from alpha decay allowing for detection of fissionable material in a mixture of isotopes. This paper discusses these transformational developments which are also being entered for real-world commercial use.
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Lapinskas, Joseph R., Stephen M. Zielinski, Jeffrey A. Webster, Rusi P. Taleyarkhan, Sean M. McDeavitt, and Yiban Xu. "Tension Metastable Fluid Detection Systems for Special Nuclear Material Detection and Monitoring." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75727.

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Tension metastable fluid states offer unique potential for radical transformation in radiation detection capabilities. States of tension metastability may be obtained in tailored resonant acoustic systems such as the acoustic tension metastable fluid detector (ATMFD) system or via centrifugal force based systems such as the centrifugal tension metastable fluid detector (CTMFD) system; both under development at Purdue University. Tension metastable fluid detector (TMFD) systems take advantage of the weakened intermolecular bonds of liquids in sub-vacuum states. Nuclear particles incident onto sufficiently tensioned fluids can nucleate critical size vapor bubbles which grow from nanoscales and are then possible to see, hear and record with unprecedented efficiency and capability [1]. Previous work by our group has shown the ability of TMFD systems to detect neutrons with energies spanning eight orders of magnitude with 95%+ intrinsic efficiency [2] while remaining insensitive to gamma photons and also giving directional information [3] on the source of the radiation. In this paper we describe research results with CTMFD systems for use in the detection of key actinide isotopes constituting special nuclear materials (SNMs) in spent fuel. Tests in a CTMFD system demonstrate the ability to detect alpha activity (at ∼100% efficiency) of U-isotopes at concentrations of ∼100 ppb (which is unprecedented and about x100–1000 more sensitive than from conventional liquid scintillation spectroscopy). An inherent capability of TMFD systems concerns on demand tailoring of fluid tension levels allowing for energy discrimination and spectroscopy. This appears especially useful to detect the key isotopes of U and other transuranic isotopes of Pu, Np, Am, and Cm that are at different stages of nuclear fuel reprocessing (i.e. UREX+).
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Webster, J. A., A. Sansone, B. Archambault, J. Lapinskas, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors for active interrogation of Special Nuclear Materials." In 2009 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ths.2009.5168051.

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Sansone, Anthony, Jeff A. Webster, Rusi P. Taleyarkhan, and Brian Archambault. "Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors for High Efficiency Thermal and Fast Neutron Sensitivity." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60757.

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Advancements in tension metastable fluid detector (TMFD) technology have led to an extension in detector sensitivity to now also detect and distinguish thermal energy (∼.02 eV) neutrons in addition to fast neutrons — spanning 109 orders of magnitude. The unique nature of detector operation and inherent detection mechanism in TMFDs offers a distinct advantage over conventional systems. TMFDs now posses the capabilities for simultaneous sensitivity to fast and thermal neutrons with high intrinsic efficiency, ascertaining directional and spectroscopic source information, all while remaining completely blind to background gamma and beta irradiation. The additional of thermal energy sensitivity was enabled via inclusion of boron in the detection fluid mixture; a compound composed of decaflouropentane (DFP), trimethyl borate (TMB) and methanol. Experimental benchmarking studies were conducted using the spontaneous fission based neutron source 252Cf, in conjunction with theoretical assessments using the nuclear particle transport package MCNP. Source neutron thermalization was accomplished through submersion of the source in a block of ice, such that the moderated spectrum contained an approximate 1:1 ratio between the fast and thermal flux magnitudes. Experimental results show that borated detection fluids yielded up to 6x improvements in the detection rate over their non-borated counterparts. Implications of the current results in regards to the applicability of TMFDs in the field of special nuclear material (SNM) interrogation and detection are discussed.
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Archambault, B., N. Boyle, M. Hemesath, A. Sansone, and R. Taleyarkhan. "Novel Neutron-Alpha-Fission Radiation Monitoring Technology Using Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors." In Tranactions - 2019 Winter Meeting. AMNS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t30714.

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Taleyarkhan, Rusi, A. Hagen, A. Sansone, and B. Archambault. "Live demonstration: Femto-to-macro scale interdisciplinary sensing with tensioned metastable fluid detectors." In 2016 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2016.7808563.

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Archambault, B. C., A. R. Hagen, T. F. Grimes, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Development of a Centrifugal Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detector Array to Detect SNM using Active Neutron Interrogation." In 2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2017.8532869.

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Boyle, N., B. Archambault, A. Hagen, C. Meert, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Detection of Radon-Progeny and Other Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides in Air Using Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66805.

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Alpha radiation emitting radon (Rn) gas seepage into homes in the USA leads to over 21,000 annual lung cancer deaths (according to the US-Environmental Protection Agency, EPA) leading to mandatory monitoring for Rn throughout the USA. In the nuclear industry alpha emitting radionuclides in air (e.g., in spent fuel reprocessing) also constitute a major safety and security-safeguards related issues. Purdue University, along with Sagamore Adams Laboratories LLC, is developing the tensioned metastable fluid detector (TMFD) technology for general-purpose alpha-neutron-fission spectroscopy. This paper focuses on rapid, high-efficiency detection of Rn and progeny in air using the novel TMFD technology; Rn and progeny isotopes in air are sparged through the TMFD detection fluid (to entrap the radioactive gas), which is then placed under a metastable state. Through tailoring the metastable fluid state, an audible and visible cavitation detection event is created and readily detected from transient bubble formation. Changing the tensioned state allows for the spectroscopic differentiability of Rn and its daughters which can be used to actively measure the equilibrium between the parent and daughter products. Such a technique can also be used to monitor the atmosphere in critical nuclear facilities for contamination from other alpha emitting isotopes (e.g., Pu, Cm, U...). TMFDs offer the unique ability for high intrinsic efficiency (>95%) alpha-neutron-fission fragment detection, while remaining blind to background beta and gamma radiation (qualified to >3.8×108 Bq m−3 using a dissolved 32P beta source, and also via gammas from a 53 R/hr 137Cs gamma source). Immunity to beta and gamma is beneficial for the discrimination of buildup of beta-emitting Thoron and Rn progeny in the detection fluid allowing for reusability. This paper will discuss the research results pertaining to detection of Radon and progeny in air, for concentrations between 74 Bq m−3 (2 pCi/L) and 740 Bq m−3 (20 pCi/L). The system measures a radon concentration between these levels to within ±15% intrinsic relative error (IRE) within 24 hours meeting the standards outlined by the American Association of Radon Scientists and Technicians-National Radon Proficiency Program (AARST-NRPP) Device Evaluation Program. Precision evaluation was also performed and the relative standard deviation defined by the AARST-NRPP was <5% exceeded the requirement of 25%. Ambient temperature effects were assessed at 10 °C and at 27 °C, which revealed a large increase in collection efficiency with decreasing sampling temperature and slight increase with increasing sampling temperature. Temperature effects on sensitivity thresholds and volumetric expansion were measured and used to compensate for variability in temperature over time. Blind testing with the help of Bowser-Morner Radon Reference Laboratory was performed and succeeded in accurately determining the Rn in air concentration to within 20% within only 6h of sampling. Finally, a 48-hour based collection time has also been developed for use in dwellings where Rn in air concentrations may vary in a day. Overall, the reproducibility and precision of TMFD technology is found to allow for an efficient, cost-effective, reliable, and environmentally friendly means of Rn and progeny detection, and by extension for use for general actinide in air monitoring for the nuclear industry.
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