Journal articles on the topic 'Centrifugal Gas Compressors'
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1
Zhao, Yuanyang, Qichao Yang, Liansheng Li, Jun Xiao, Yue Shu, and Qian Zhang. "Experimental research on stability enhancement for centrifugal compressors using active control casing treatment system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 231, no. 5 (May 17, 2017): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650917708494.
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Centrifugal compressors are widely used in many fields, where they become unstable when operated at the edge of the surge line. This paper presents a method, which is based on the active control casing treatment to enhance the operating stability of the centrifugal compressor. To investigate the effect of the active control casing treatment system on the performance of a centrifugal compressor, a test rig with rotating speed of 15,000 r/min was built up. The experimental results show that the active control casing treatment system can significantly decrease the surge flow rate and extend the envelope of stable operation via injecting gas (so-called the control gas) into the casing of the centrifugal compressor. The tested maximal enhancement ability is 30.55% at the condition of 10,586 r/min when the flow rate of the control gas is 2.5 m3/min. It was found that the enhancement ability increases with the decrease of the rotating speed of the centrifugal compressor. The increment of the control gas flow rate results in a smaller surge flow rate of the centrifugal compressors.
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Al Ghafri, Yazeed Sulaiman, and Aydin Azizi. "Centrifugal Compressor Behavior in Upstream Business." Applied Mechanics and Materials 823 (January 2016): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.823.459.
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Centrifugal compressors are critical rotating equipments in industrial processes, especially for natural gas applications. Compressible gas exhibit complex flow behavior that requires a thorough understanding to ensure extended, safe and stabilized compressor performance. Without, Centrifugal compressors can undergo surge which restricts compressor operational range and jeopardize the safety of its components. Dynamic simulation then becomes necessary to evaluate performance and to implement integrated control schemes. This paper will investigate how centrifugal compressor responds to changes at inlet conditions i.e. increase in pressure, temperature and molecular weight. The effect of these changes on compressor performance will be simulated using Unisim Design dynamic compressor model. Results show that compressor operation is easily influenced by changes in inlet condition and that integrated control schemes are effective in safeguarding compressor from surge.
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Lebedev, A. A., A. A. Aksenov, S. M. Lebedeva, A. Yu Petrov, and Minh Hai Nguyen. "Improving the reliability of the compressor unit using the wavelet transform method." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914005013.
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Centrifugal compressors are an integral part of modern production in such industries as gas transmission, oil refining, metallurgical, machine-building, mining, as well as in electric and heat power engineering. Interruptions in the operation or failures of compressors lead to decrease in profit or large material loss. Conditions should be created for the safe (stable) operation of centrifugal compressors. Surge is global (complete) loss of stability, an unacceptable phenomenon for a centrifugal compressor. Compressor surge protection must function during operation. The algorithms used to protect centrifugal compressors against surge have some drawbacks, which makes it impossible to reliably prevent surges. There are many methods for analyzing rapidly changing processes in the flow part of a centrifugal compressor. The wavelet theory is the most accurate and modern method. The use of the wavelet transform method for signal processing allows us to solve the problems of analyzing non-stationary processes of a centrifugal compressor to expand the acceptable range of work and build reliable operation of the anti-surge diagnostic system. In the future, it is possible to use other basic wavelet functions, for comparison and selection of the most suitable one, for the analysis of unsteady signals in a centrifugal compressor.
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Kalinkevych, M., V. Ihnatenko, O. Bolotnikova, and O. Obukhov. "Design of high efficiency centrifugal compressors stages." Refrigeration Engineering and Technology 54, no. 5 (October 31, 2018): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/ret.v54i5.1239.
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The modern trend in compressor industry is an extension of the use of multi-shaft centrifugal compressors. Multi-shaft compressors have a number of advantages over single-shaft. The design of such compressors gives opportunity to use an axial inlet for all stages and select the optimum rotational speed for each pair of impellers, which, along with the cooling of the gas after each stage, makes possible to achieve high levels of efficiency. The design of high-efficiency centrifugal compressor stages can be performed on the basis of highly effective stage elements. Such elements are: impellers with spatial blades, vaned and channel diffusers with given velocity distribution. In this paper, impellers with axial-radial blades are considered. The blade profile is determined by the specified pressure distribution along the blade. Such design improves the structure of the gas flow in the interblade channels of the impeller, which leads to an increase in its efficiency. Characteristics of loss coefficients from attack angles for impellers were obtained experimentally. Vaned and channel diffusers, the characteristics of which are given in this article, are designed with the given velocity distribution along the vane. Compared to the classic type of diffuser, such diffusers have lower losses and a wider range of economical operation. For diffusers as well as for impellers, characteristics of loss coefficients from attack angles were obtained. High efficient impellers and diffusers and obtained gas-dynamic characteristics were used in the design of a multi-shaft compressor unit for the production of liquefied natural gas. The initial pressure of the unit is 3bar. The obtained characteristics of loss coefficients from attack angles for the considered impellers and diffusers make it possible to calculate the gas-dynamic characteristics of high-efficient centrifugal compressors stages. The high-efficient centrifugal compressors stages can be designed using high-efficient elements, such as: impeller with spatial blades and vaned diffuser with given velocity distribution.
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Pu, Hong Bin, Yun Ping Zheng, Yu Chun Wang, Bai Song Cai, and Qi Liu. "Research on Modeling of Compressor Characteristics for Sichuan-East Gas Transmission Pipeline Project." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2393.
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Optimized operation of compressor stations is of great importance for energy saving of Sichuan-East transmission pipeline at high flow rate. However, it is difficult to build an accurate mathematical model to describe the performance curves of centrifugal compressor due to the wide range of rotary speed. The achievements of this thesis are shown as follows. Firstly, the mathematic models for performance curves of the Euramerican centrifugal compressors were established. The optimized regression coefficients were solved rapidly and accurately by Zhan Chong-xi method. Secondly, the compressor ratio, polytropic efficiency, shaft power, outlet pressure, polytropic head and outlet temperature of centrifugal compressors at different flow rates and rotating speeds were calculated accurately. These results provides excellent modeling methods and reliable mathematics models of operating and managing compressor of Sichuan-East gas transmission pipeline. It was found that the lowest correlative index of six optimized models was 0.9772, and the maximum error is 4.2869%.
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Rekstin, A., V. Semenovskiy, K. Soldatova, Y. Galerkin, and K. Sokolov. "The simulation of gas-dynamic characteristics of centrifugal compressors in turbo-expander units." E3S Web of Conferences 124 (2019): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912401008.
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Prof. Y. Galerkin and his team have developed and completed designs of 19 single-stage centrifugal compressors for turbo-expander packaged units applying Universal Modeling Method for the company “Turbokholod JSC” since 2005. The most powerful compressor is 6500 kW. The highest delivery pressure is 12 MPa. One hundred fifteen turbo-expander packaged units with total capacity 400 000 kW were manufactured, installed and were in operation in December 2018. The gas-dynamic characteristics of compressors comply with technical specification when operated within given range of initial temperatures and initial and final pressures up to 16 combinations for some compressors. The dimensionless characteristics of the compressor stages vary within the range of design parameters: flow rate coefficient 0.0278-0.0697, loading factor 0.43-0.71. The simulation of gas-dynamic characteristics of one of the designed compressors by the newest version of mathematical model is presented as an example, demonstrating the simulation features and effectiveness.
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Kalinkevych, Mykola, and Andriy Skoryk. "Design Method for Channel Diffusers of Centrifugal Compressors." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/589357.
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The design method for channel diffusers of centrifugal compressors, which is based on the solving of the inverse problem of gas dynamics, is presented in the paper. The concept of the design is to provide high pressure recovery of the diffuser by assuming the preseparation condition of the boundary layer along one of the channel surfaces. The channel diffuser was designed with the use of developed method to replace the vaned diffuser of the centrifugal compressor model stage. The numerical simulation of the diffusers was implemented by means of CFD software. Obtained gas dynamic characteristics of the designed diffuser were compared to the base vaned diffuser of the compressor stage.
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Afandy, Muhammad Arif, Ifani P. Ramadhani, and Totok R. Biyanto. "Gas Turbine Compressor Configuration Analysis for Production and Efficiency Optimization at PT Saka Indonesia Pangkah Ltd." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 927, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/927/1/012031.
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Abstract Gas Turbine Compressors are used by Saka Indonesia Pangkah Ltd. in upstream oil and gas facilities either to boost hydrocarbon products to downstream facilities or to lift liquid hydrocarbon as a common artificial method. As production rate declining leads to gas supply deficiency to the compressors, the operating point move to surge line away from the best efficiency point. Gas feed shortage affecting the compressor’s performance which contributed to head and flow capacity. This condition is then calculated and simulated using UNISIM Design Simulator to get optimum configuration results. The simulation was performed at the same gas turbine shaft power output of each compressor. Two cases of centrifugal compressors configuration with different functions and performance are studied. Due to process dynamic conditions, constraint parameter is considered as per desired operating point. This paper also analyses techno-economic aspects between individual and serial pipelines arrangement of the two compressors by evaluating operational data and design calculation. Subsequently, this study produces assessment observations associated with the compressor performance both in individual and serial configuration and eventually analyses the rate of fuel consumption in the gas turbines as the main driver. The case study shows serial arrangement between MPC-1 and GLC with same gas turbine shaft power as individual configuration can reduce fuel consumption up to 47 kg/hr. It saves as much as USD 7,569.96 per day at low demand and USD 7,569.96 at high-demand cases.
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Baba, Toshiaki, Koumei Fujioka, Hirotoshi Arihara, Yoshitaka Baba, and Takuya Iwata. "EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE AND MECHANICAL RELIABILITY FOR HIGH PRESSURE CO2 INTEGRALLY GEARED COMPRESSOR." Journal of the Global Power and Propulsion Society 4 (August 20, 2020): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33737/jgpps/124724.
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Energy saving has become a trend as well as a countermeasure for global environmental issues. It can be one of the efficient solutions for reducing energy consumptions by adopting integrally geared compressors instead of inline compressors for industrial plants. The development of key technologies for the design centrifugal compressor such as CFD, FEM, Rotor dynamic Analysis has enabled integrally geared centrifugal compressors for higher pressure applications than ever. A commercial size, 5 stages integrally geared CO2 centrifugal compressor of 20MPaG discharge pressure level was designed, manufactured and evaluated the fluid dynamic performances and rotor stability. It was installed in OEM’s factory and the full load and full pressure test was carried out using real CO2 gas. The actual compressor fluid dynamic performance has shown superior results even at high pressure supercritical gas conditions at the high pressure stages of the compressor. The mechanical performances such as rotor vibration and bearing temperature were also measured and observed that the vibration was substantially low and within safe limits even at high pressure operating conditions above 20MPaG. Also the authors established a novel on Direct Rotor Excitation Method to experimentally investigate the rotor stability even at a high operating pressure level of 20MPaG. With this technique the measurements of the actual rotor natural frequencies and the damping ratios (log decrement) during high pressure operating conditions provided more precise results rather than conventional casing excitation method. The open impeller blade vibration was measured during running condition by using a non-contact blade vibration measurement technique. This measurement results revealed that impeller blades stress against the centrifugal force and the external excitation force was very low compared to the allowable stress value of the impeller material. The fluid dynamic characteristics and mechanical reliability are assessed as acceptable including super critical gas condition of CO2 gas.
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Kurz, Rainer. "Natural Gas." Mechanical Engineering 133, no. 04 (April 1, 2011): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2011-apr-7.
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This article discusses the importance of gas turbines, centrifugal compressors and pumps, and other turbomachines in processes that bring natural gas to the end users. To be useful, the natural gas coming from a large number of small wells has to be gathered. This process requires compression of the gas in several stages, before it is processed in a gas plant, where contaminants and heavier hydrocarbons are stripped from the gas. From the gas plant, the gas is recompressed and fed into a pipeline. In all these compression processes, centrifugal gas compressors driven by industrial gas turbines or electric motors play an important role. Turbomachines are used in a variety of applications for the production of oil and associated gas. For example, gas turbine generator sets often provide electrical power for offshore platforms or remote oil and gas fields. Offshore platforms have a large electrical demand, often requiring multiple large gas turbine generator sets. Similarly, centrifugal gas compressors, driven by gas turbines or by electric motors are the benchmark products to pump gas through pipelines, anywhere in the world.
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Dalbert, P., B. Ribi, T. Kmeci, and M. V. Casey. "Radial compressor design for industrial compressors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 213, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406991522194.
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Industrial centrifugal compressors have a very large field of applications in chemical, petrochemical and gas transport applications with an enormous variety of gases, pressure levels and suction volumes. This paper describes the special design features of this type of compressor and sheds light on a method of standardization to overcome the large diversity of machine types. It reviews the aerodynamic and thermodynamic aspects in the design of impellers and diffusers, discusses the importance of the stage matching and illuminates the effect of stage components on stability.
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Bashkirov, S. I., A. B. Kamenskikh, and A. S. Yazev. "Manufacture of centrifugal natural gas compressors." Welding International 26, no. 7 (July 2012): 550–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2011.653218.
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Galerkin, Yuri, Aleksey Rekstin, Aleksandr Drozdov, Kristina Soldatova, Olga Solovyeva, and Elena Popova. "The optimal gas dynamic design system of industrial centrifugal compressors based on Universal modeling method." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801028.
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We present the modern stage of development of Universal Modeling Method, a complex of mathematical models and software for optimal design of centrifugal compressors - a new version of simplified mathematical model of efficiency and new software for variation calculations of multistage compressors. Based on this numerical calculation complex we have created a method for preliminary design of flow paths of stages - 2D and 3D impellers, vane and vaneless diffusers and return channels. The new, 9th version of its mathematical model features a quasi-3D calculation method of 2D and 3D impellers design, a new principle of pressure characteristic calculation, a new model of vaneless diffusers and much more. “Digital twin of a centrifugal compressor stage” and “3D compressor” software create digital descriptions of the flow part and its solid model (“digital twin”).
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Kozhukhov, Yuri, Serafima Tatchenkova, Sergey Kartashov, Vyacheslav Ivanov, and Evgeniy Nikitin. "Research of a Spatial Flow of a Low-Flow Stage of a Svd-22 Centrifugal Compressor by Computational Fluid Dynamics Methods Using Super-Computer Technologies." E3S Web of Conferences 220 (2020): 01082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001082.
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This paper provides the results of the study of a spatial flow in a low-flow stage of a SVD-22 centrifugal compressor of computational fluid dynamics methods using the Ansys CFX 14.0 software package. Low flow stages are used as the last stages of multistage centrifugal compressors. Such multistage compressors are widely used in boosting compressor stations for natural gas, in chemical industries. The flow features in low-flow stages require independent research. This is due to the fact that the developed techniques for designing centrifugal compressor stages are created for medium-flow and high-flow stages and do not apply to low-flow stages. Generally at manufacturing new centrifugal compressors, it is impossible to make a control measurement of the parameters of the working process inside the flow path elements. Computational fluid dynamics methods are widely used to overcome this difficulties. However verification and validation of CFD methods are necessary for accurate modeling of the workflow. All calculations were conducted on one of the SPbPU clusters. Parameters of one cluster node: AMD Opteron 280 2 cores, 8GB RAM. The calculations were conducted using 4 nodes (HP MPI Distributed Parallel startup type) with their full load by parallelizing processes on each node.
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Kurauchi, S. K., and J. R. Barbosa. "DESIGN OF A CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR FOR NATURAL GAS." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v12i2.62043.
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This work presents the design of a centrifugal compressor for natural gas in three steps. The first step is the 1-D preliminary design heavily based on empirical data, only the design point was considered here. The second step is the flow analysis in the meridional plane. The last step is the CFD analysis to verify if the 1-D design methodology is adequate. The CFD simulations showed good agreement with the results obtained in the preliminary design, proving the importance of empirical data in the design of centrifugal compressors.
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Gao, Jian Qiang, Shao Dong Sun, Li Kun Wang, and Ning Wang. "The Analysis on the Scheme of the Flue Gas Compressor of a 300 MW Oxy-Fuel Pulverized Coal Fired Boiler." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 638–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.638.
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The compression of the flue gas is one of the most critical processes of CO2 recycling in oxy-fuel combustion technology. With a 300 MW Oxy-fuel pulverized coal fired boiler taken as an example of study, the selection of compressors of its flue gas compressing system is analyzed by the thermodynamic calculation. In this paper, two centrifugal compressors with the same specification are in parallel running as Scheme 1 of selection, while an axial compressor and a piston compressor are in series operation as Scheme 2 of selection. It shows that the Scheme 2 has the advantage of the energy consumption and water separation of the flue gas in inter-cooler comparing with Scheme1.
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Motriuk, R. W., and D. P. Harvey. "Centrifugal Compressor Modifications and Their Effect on High-Frequency Pipe Wall Vibration." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 120, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842058.
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High-frequency pulsation generated by centrifugal compressors, with pressure wavelengths much smaller than the attached pipe diameter, can cause fatigue failures of the compressor internals, impair compressor performance, and damage the attached compressor piping. There are numerous sources producing pulsation in centrifugal compressors. Some of them are discussed in literature at large (Japikse, 1995; Niese, 1976). NGTL has experienced extreme high-frequency discharge pulsation and pipe wall vibration on many of its radial inlet high-flow centrifugal gas compressor facilities. These pulsations led to several piping attachment failures and compressor internal component failures while the compressor operated within the design envelope. This paper considers severe pulsation conditions at an NGTL compression facility which resulted in unacceptable piping vibration. Significant vibration attenuation was achieved by modifying the compressor (pulsation source) through removal of the diffuser vanes and partial removal of the inlet guide vanes (IGV). Direct comparison of the changes in vibration, pulsation, and performance are made for each of the modifications. The vibration problem, probable causes, options available to address the problem, and the results of implementation are reviewed. The effects of diffuser vane removal on discharge pipe wall vibration as well as changes in compressor performance are described.
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Agbadede, R., and B. Kainga. "Techno-economic analysis of the influence of different operating conditions on gas turbine centrifugal compressor set performance." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 1150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i4.23.
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In today’s world where fuel prices have increased drastically and there are great concerns about environmental issues, there is the need to properly match centrifugal compressors to their Gas Turbine (GT) drivers, so as to achieve an efficient overall package, lower turbine fuel consumption, longer time between overhauls, and most importantly, package operational flexibility in meeting alternate process conditions. This study highlights the influence of operating and environmental conditions on the overall performance of the gas turbine compressor set. GasTurb and CMap simulation softwares were employed to model and simulate the performances of the GT and centrifugal compressors respectively. The outcome of the performance plots show that at a design inlet flow volume of 15928 cubic meters per hour, the compressor required power from the gas turbine drive to transport RaNatGas is approximately 7450kW as against 7065kW and 6500kW for MaNatGas and LaNatGas mixtures respectively. Techno-economic analysis of the gas turbine compressor set shows that the fuel cost of transporting a given volume flow of RaNatGas to a specific location for a year gives about$13.5million when compared with MaNatGas and LaNatGas mixtures which cost about $13.02million and 12.3million respectively.
Keywords: Natural Gas, Performance Simulations, Polytropic Efficiency, Polytropic Head, Gas Compositions
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Raman, Senthil, and Heuy Kim. "Computational Analysis of the Performance Characteristics of a Supercritical CO2 Centrifugal Compressor." Computation 6, no. 4 (October 19, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation6040054.
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A centrifugal compressor working with supercritical CO 2 (S-CO 2 ) has several advantages over other supercritical and conventional compressors. S-CO 2 is as dense as the liquid CO 2 and becomes difficult to compress. Thus, during the operation, the S-CO 2 centrifugal compressor requires lesser compression work than the gaseous CO 2 . The performance of S-CO 2 compressors is highly varying with tip clearance and vanes in the diffuser. To improve the performance of the S-CO 2 centrifugal compressor, knowledge about the influence of individual components on the performance characteristics is necessary. This present study considers an S-CO 2 compressor designed with traditional engineering design tools based on ideal gas behaviour and tested by SANDIA national laboratory. Three-dimensional, steady, viscous flow through the S-CO 2 compressor was analysed with computational fluid dynamics solver based on the finite volume method. Navier-Stokes equations are solved with K- ω (SST) turbulence model at operating conditions in the supercritical regime. Performance of the impeller, the main component of the centrifugal compressor is compared with the impeller with vaneless diffuser and vaned diffuser configurations. The flow characteristics of the shrouded impeller are also studied to analyse the tip-leakage effect.
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Aribi, Yacine, and Razika Zammoum Boushaki. "A Novel Approach for Active Surge Control in Multistage Centrifugal Compressor." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 18 (January 26, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2023.18.1.
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Compressors are used in the hydrocarbon industry from upstream to downstream to boost the pressure required to transport gas into processing and transportation pipelines inside and toward processing facilities. Turbo-centrifugal compressors are subject to repetitive damages resulting from the manifestation phenomenon known as surge, observed as fluid flow reversal at low mass flows. Active surge control aims to increase the compressor operating region by allowing the compressor to operate at low mass flow in the naturally-unstable region of the compressor. Surge is avoided in the industry by forcing the operating point to the stable region of the compressor curve. Active surge control aims to control the surge phenomenon by extending the stable operating region. This work developed a novel model-based control approach for effective compression system active surge control on an automatic coupled recycle valve as a primary actuator. The feedback linearization technique is used to reduce the system complexity by providing a linear representation of the highly nonlinear system. A detailed description of the feedback linearization method for centrifugal compressors and a dual controller design was developed in this paper.
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Mironov, V. N. "Some operational problems of gas-lift compressor plants with centrifugal compressors." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 34, no. 9-10 (September 1998): 586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02418434.
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Ji, Chunjun, Chunyang Li, Junyi Fang, and Qi Sun. "Loss Mechanism of Static Interstage Components of Multistage Centrifugal Compressors for Integrated Blade Design." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (December 5, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9025650.
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Although centrifugal compressors are widely used in construction, they consume a large amount of energy; in existing multistage centrifugal compressors, there is a serious pressure loss of ~15.13% when gas flows through the diffuser, bend, and return channel. In this study, we analyze the loss mechanisms of these stages in detail, using computational fluid dynamics. Based on this analysis, we present a new type of integrated blade, connecting the diffuser, bend, and return channels, which can eliminate the airflow stall phenomenon. Through effective control of the airflow spreading process, we minimized losses in the component, which improved its efficiency by 4.39% and increased the pressure ratio by 2.86% relative to a compressor without the newly-designed integrated blade. The concepts used in the creation of this component can provide a reference for the future design of blades for flow through parts of multistage compressors.
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Hung, Kuo-Shu, Kung-Yun Ho, Wei-Chung Hsiao, and Yean-Der Kuan. "The Characteristic of High-Speed Centrifugal Refrigeration Compressor with Different Refrigerants via CFD Simulation." Processes 10, no. 5 (May 7, 2022): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050928.
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This study used Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate and analyze the working fluid in magnetic centrifugal refrigerant compressors using R-134a to mixed refrigerant: R-513A and HFO (Hydrofluoroolefins) Hydrofluoroolefin refrigerant: R-1234yf, and the impact on integrated part-load performance, Integrated Part Load Value (IPLV) and internal flow field. This study used a single-stage 280 USRT maglev centrifugal refrigerant compressor as a simulation model. Three different refrigerants were used: R-134a, R-513A, and R-1234yf, as presented in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) real gas database. The refrigerant was used to set the IPLV working conditions and change the compressor speed and mass flow rate to simulate the compressor’s characteristic curve after replacing the refrigerant. The compressor working conditions were the fixed refrigeration cycle condensation and evaporation following the same capacity standards. This study used the CFD software by Ansys software company to simulate the flow field. The k-omega turbulence software was used to model the turbulence. The results show that the maglev centrifugal refrigerant compressor efficiency dropped significantly when the refrigerant was directly replaced. Based on R-134a, the full load efficiency of R-1234yf dropped 13.21%, the full load efficiency of R-513A dropped 9.97%, and the partial load efficiency was similar to R-134a.
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Ben, N., S. Ryzhkov, A. Topalov, O. Gerasin, G. Yan, Xiaolin Yan, and Anna Aleksieieva. "Efficiency Improvement of a Centrifugal Compressor Stage with the Parametric Optimization of the Impeller Blades." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2022-0021.
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Abstract This work relates to the energy industry, in particular, complements the existing knowledge about a problem of increasing the overall efficiency of a centrifugal compressor stage by improving the geometric parameters of an impeller. The design features of the centrifugal compressors are analysed and the issues of their general modelling are considered in the article. The aim of the work is to increase the efficiency of the centrifugal compressor stage by improving the method of thermogasdynamic calculation with an extended determination of the number of its thermogasdynamic gas parameters and subsequent optimization of the design parameters of the impeller blades. This goal is achieved by solving the following problems: a) development of a model of the centrifugal compressor stage based on a method of thermogasdynamic calculation; b) study of the influence of the geometric parameters of the impeller and a diffuser on the components of gas velocities; c) improvement of the design methodology by optimizing the number of impeller blades, their thickness and angle of inclination to increase the efficiency of the stage. The most significant scientific results of the work are the construction method and the model of the centrifugal compressor stage, which allow taking into account real thermogasdynamic gas processes and calculating the geometric parameters of the impeller blades that are optimal in terms of efficiency.
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Novecosky, T. "Axial Inlet Conversion to a Centrifugal Compressor With Magnetic Bearings." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 116, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906784.
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NOVA’s Alberta Gas Transmission Division transports natural gas via pipeline throughout the province of Alberta, Canada, exporting it to eastern Canada, United States, and British Columbia. There is a continuing effort to operate the facilities and pipeline at the highest possible efficiency. One area being addressed to improve efficiency is compression of the gas. By improving compressor efficiency, fuel consumption and hence operating costs can be reduced. One method of improving compressor efficiency is by converting the compressor to an axial inlet configuration, a conversion that has been carried out more frequently in the past years. Concurrently, conventional hydrodynamic bearings have been replaced with magnetic bearings on many centrifugal compressors. This paper discusses the design and installation for converting a radial overhung unit to an axial inlet configuration, having both magnetic bearings and a thrust reducer. The thrust reducer is required to reduce axial compressor shaft loads, to a level that allows the practical installation of magnetic bearings within the space limitations of the compressor (Bear and Gibson, 1992).
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Galerkin, Yuri, Aleksey Rekstin, Kristina Soldatova, Aleksandr Drozdov, Olga Solovyeva, Vasiliy Semenovskiy, and Lyubov Marenina. "The Current State of the Engineering Method for the Optimal Gas-Dynamic Design and Calculation of Centrifugal Compressor." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 5651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215651.
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In the practice of centrifugal compressor designing, different engineering techniques are widely used because flow motion differential equations cannot be integrated, and Computational fluid dynamics cannot resolve the problem as a whole. Engineering personal computers’ programs are based on experimental data and the gas dynamics theory. The universal modeling method’s (UMM) mathematical model is a set of equations that determine the pressure loss in the elements of the centrifugal compressor flow path. By the earlier versions of the UMM, dozens of process compressors were designed. Several sets of empirical coefficients for stages of different specific speeds were applied. The paper presents the current state of the universal modeling method that was recently improved. The models of the centrifugal compressor characteristic calculation are described. A new model of the loading factor characteristic, an improved version of the compressor efficiency, and being based on a CFD-calculation vaneless diffuser model are samples of the improvements. Careful identification and verification demonstrate effective characteristic simulation with a single set of empirical coefficients. Centrifugal compressor new design examples of a turbo expander unit and a turbocharger are presented. The calculated characteristics are compared with the test results. For both objects, the experiments confirmed the calculated gas-dynamic characteristics with sufficient accuracy for engineering methods.
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Bicchi, Marco, Davide Biliotti, Michele Marconcini, Lorenzo Toni, Francesco Cangioli, and Andrea Arnone. "An AI-Based Fast Design Method for New Centrifugal Compressor Families." Machines 10, no. 6 (June 8, 2022): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10060458.
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Limiting global warming’s effects requires a sudden reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to pursue a net-zero carbon growth in the next decades. Along with this energy transition, drastic and rapid changes in demand are expected in many sectors, including the one for centrifugal compressors. In this context, new aerodynamic design processes exploiting the know-how of existing impeller families to generate novel centrifugal compressors could quickly react to demand variations and ensure companies’ success. Modifying the characteristics of existing compressors using a 1D single-zone model is a fast way to exploit this know-how. Besides, artificial intelligence could be useful to highlight relationships between geometrical parameters and performance, thus facilitating the achievement of optimized machines for new applications. Although the scientific literature shows several studies on mono-dimensional approaches, the joint use of a 1D single-zone model with an artificial neural network for designing new impellers from pre-engineered ones remains understudied. Such a model was provided in this paper. An application to the case study of an expander–compressor impeller family derived from other existing natural gas liquefaction one was presented. Results proved that the proposed model enabled developing a new family from an existing one, improving the performance while containing design time and computational efforts.
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Wang, Wei Min, and Wei Zheng An. "Investigation on the Subsynchronous Vibration Fault Diagnosis and Control for Centrifugal Compressor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1488.
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Centrifugal compressors are widely used to compressor gas in many different processes within the petroleum and chemical industry. Two vibration types of concern in industrial compressors are synchronous and subsynchronous vibration. The latter, more troubling type of vibration, occurs when non-conservative whirling forces(Cross-coupling) act to excite a lateral natural frequency, which lies below the running speed(subsynchronous vibration). In this paper, more attention is paid to impellers from a rotordynamic standpoint and a synthesis gas compress in ammonia plant is analyzed in order to diagnosis the root cause of vibration fault using the best available resources for seals and bearing. Logarithmic decrement predictions for the full rotor model consisting of all the stages and seals are conducted under different bearing structure. On this basis, a resolvent to improve the rotordynamic stability is presented. The field application result indicates that this method is effective.
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Sadovskiy, Nikolai, Leonid Strizhak, Anatoliy Simonov, and Mikhail Sokolov. "Some problem of centrifugal compressors upgrading." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 09004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824509004.
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The results of computational investigation of the influence of a gas labyrinth seals, oil end seals with floating rings and oil journal bearings lubricating layer stiffness coefficient on centrifugal compressor rotor critical speed are presented and analysed. The main principles of a method for axial forces acting on centrifugal compressor rotor calculation are listed. The method has been developed at the compressor, vacuum and refrigeration technologies department of SPbSTU. In addition, the estimation of method applicability in engineering calculations is given.
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Martynyuk, L. A., L. V. Bykov, A. D. Ezhov, P. I. Talalaeva, and D. V. Afanasiev. "Experience in using anisotropic properties of composites in engineering the compressor impeller of a small-size gas turbine engine." MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 03029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032903029.
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The use of composite materials in modern aircraft and rocket engines is one of the most promising areas. Low density and high strength characteristics of composite materials are crucial when choosing a material for small-sized compressors. The main ability to bear the load of the composite material is provided by the reinforcing fibers of the filler. The greater the percentage of filler fibers has a particular orientation, the higher the strength and rigidity of the product in this direction. If the part is loaded with forces applied primarily in one or two directions, it makes sense to create a material with anisotropy of properties that will exactly match the applied loads. For example, the disk and blades of a centrifugal compressor operate under the action of centrifugal force and gas pressure. In this case, to manufacture a centrifugal compressor impeller from composite materials, it is only necessary to redistribute the fibers in the part space in such a way as to create an optimal anisotropy of properties. This article describes the procedure for selecting the optimal orientation of reinforcing fibers in the impeller of a centrifugal compressor of a small gas turbine engine.
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Carsten, Degendorfer, Reza S. Abhari, Klemens Vogel, and René Hunziker. "Experimental and numerical investigation of blade resonance in a centrifugal compressor for varying gas properties." Journal of the Global Power and Propulsion Society 2 (September 20, 2018): Q15CRP. http://dx.doi.org/10.22261/jgpps.q15crp.
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The blades of centrifugal compressors are exposed to unsteady forces during operation which can result in resonance response conditions and failures due to high cycle fatigue. A typical source of excitation is the unsteady fluid structure interaction between the impeller blades and the downstream vaned diffuser. Centrifugal compressors are operated with various working fluids with a wide range of applications in the power and process industry. Understanding the excitation mechanisms for different working fluids will help to design aerodynamically efficient compressors, while ensuring mechanical integrity and reducing the number of experimental design validations. A variation in working fluid properties allows investigation of the contribution of blade forcing and damping while the modal response remains unchanged. Experiments have been conducted at ETH Zurich’s radial compressor facility with a state of the art industrial compressor design. Dynamic strain gauge measurements on the impeller blades were used to determine the amplitude response, damping properties and forcing at a defined resonance condition. Two working fluids have been investigated to vary compressor flow settings while the modal response remains unchanged. Unsteady flow simulations and harmonic FSI simulations were used to complement the experiments and to investigate the local blade forcing distribution, which then were linked to flow effects. Experiments showed a change in resonance amplitude up to a factor of 4 due to a change in the applied working fluid. Estimation of the damping ratio with a single degree of freedom model found the exciting force to be the main contributor to the differences in resonant response. The unsteady flow simulations were able to identify the locations on the blade surface which are responsible for the change in forcing. It was found that the forcing depends on wave propagation effects in the flow channel and on how the pressure field matches the mode shape.
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Smolarik, Lukas, Dusan Mudroncik, and Milan Strbo. "Compressor and Throttle Characteristics for Models." Applied Mechanics and Materials 404 (September 2013): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.404.200.
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Turbocharger is a device used for compression of gases of different features. I tis a conversion of kinetic energy or mechanical energy into pressure. Compressed media can be vary from pure gases such as hydrogen, oxygen, noble gases to the gas mixtures such as air, a mixture, of hydrogen and others. Gas composition is very important because of its physical and chemical properties depends on many parameters of compressor design [. The basis of modelling surge dynamics of centrifugal compressors is Greitzerov nonlinear model. This article is getting the gear characteristics of the mass flow and pressure increase passing compression system. Another challenge is getting the throttle characteristic mass flow and pressure drop on the throttling valve. These characteristics are necessary for modelling the dynamic model of a centrifugal compressor according Greitzer (1976). For getting these characteristics, it is necessary to know the data of the measurements. Data can be extracted from a manufacturer. One of the most important graphs is compressor characteristic, known as the compressor map.
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Amin, Arslan Ahmed, Muhammad Taimoor Maqsood, and Khalid Mahmood-ul-Hasan. "Surge protection of centrifugal compressors using advanced anti-surge control system." Measurement and Control 54, no. 5-6 (January 5, 2021): 967–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294020983372.
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Centrifugal Compressors (CCs) are widely used equipment to transport the natural gas over long-distance pipelines from the gas processing facility to end consumers. Surge protection is of vital importance for such compressors to avoid costly damage to machine and production loss due to process interruption. In this paper, the dynamic behaviour of CCs has been studied during four critical scenarios: high header pressure, low suction pressure, startup of the new unit, and emergency shutdown of the unit. The dynamic simulation has been carried out using HYSYS software and validated with an industrial scale CC plant. The advanced Anti-Surge Control (ASC) consists of a split PID control in contrast to conventional PID control. The simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of advanced ASC over a conventional one for the severe surge in the event of high header pressure and low suction pressure. The occurrence of surge during start-up and the emergency shutdown was handled with the full open operation of the Anti-Surge Valve (ASV). The proposed algorithm has proved successful in protecting the compressor during fast transients of the operating point towards the surge limit line. The study is significant for the oil and gas plants and other process industry professionals for designing effective ASC systems.
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Kozhukhov, Yuri, Aleksey Danilishin, Sergey Kartashov, Lyubov Gileva, Aleksey Yablokov, Vyacheslav Ivanov, and Serafima Tatchenkova. "Application of Super-Computer Technologies in the Research and Improvement of Steps and Elements of the Flow Path of the Turbocompressors." E3S Web of Conferences 220 (2020): 01078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001078.
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This paper presents the results of the study of the spatial flow in the turbocompressors elements of computational fluid dynamics methods using the Ansys CFX software package on a multiprocessor computer system. Five objects of research are considered: 1) flow path of an intermediate stage of an average-flow centrifugal compressor; 2) flow path of the low-flow centrifugal compressor stage; 3) a natural gas centrifugal compressor stage; 4) vaned diffuser of the first stage of an industrial multistage centrifugal compressor; 5) adjustable inlet stator of the first stage of an industrial turbocompressors. Generally at manufacturing new centrifugal compressors, it is impossible to make a control measurement of the parameters of the working process inside the flow path elements. Computational fluid dynamics methods are widely used to overcome this difficulties. However verification and validation of CFD methods are necessary for accurate modeling of the workflow. All calculations were performed on one of the SPbPU clusters. Parameters of one cluster: AMD Opteron 280 4 cores. The calculations were carried out with parallel running of the processors: HP MPI Distributed Parallel and HP MPI Local Parallel for different objects.
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Rabas, T. J., C. B. Panchal, and H. C. Stevens. "Integration and Optimization of the Gas Removal System for Hybrid-Cycle OTEC Power Plants." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 112, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930753.
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A preliminary design of the noncondensible gas removal system for a 10 MWe, land-based hybrid-cycle OTEC power plant has been developed and is presented herein. This gas removal system is very different from that used for conventional power plants because of the substantially larger and continuous noncondensible gas flow rates and lower condenser pressure levels which predicate the need for higher-efficiency components. Previous OTEC studies discussed the need for multiple high-efficiency compressors with intercoolers; however, no previous design effort was devoted to (a) the details of the intercoolers, (b) integration and optimization of the intercoolers with the compressors, and (c) the practical design constraints and feasibility issues of these components. The resulting gas removal system design uses centrifugal (radial) compressors with matrix-type crossflow aluminum heat exchangers as intercoolers. Once-through boiling of ammonia is used as the heat sink for the cooling and condensing of the steam-gas mixture. A computerized calculation method was developed for the performance analysis and subsystem optimization. For a specific number of compressor units and the stream arrangement, the method is used to calculate the dimensions, speeds, power requirements, and costs of all the components.
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Raswin, Nuradi Bin. "Analisis Pengujian Dry Gas Seal Type 28AT Tandem untuk Meningkatkan Reliability Dry Gas Seal di Kompresor Setrifugal." SINTEK JURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/sintek.13.2.73-79.
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Dry gas seal testing is one of the stages in the repair and maintenance of dry gas seals because without testing dry gas seals will have fatal consequences, which can cause more severe damage to the compressor and repair of humans and the environment. In the operation and maintenance of centrifugal compressors, especially gas compressors, there is often damage to dry gas seals or even if they are not damaged dry gas seals must be kept in a health check so that they can be used optimally and their reliability can be improved. In conducting a health check or repairing dry gas seal, one of the determinants of success is through static and dynamic testing using the DGS test rig or the other. Therefore it is very important in testing this dry gas seal that the author tries to learn how to complete the tests that must be considered in the testing procedure. In this study it can be concluded that the maximum speed used reaches 11429 rpm, when compared to the procedure is 1 - 1,225 x rpm in the compressor then the rotation obtained according to the procedure is (1,225 x 10000 = 12250 rpm maximum), with conditions 11429 rpm already fulfilling standard and is still within tolerance of testing rounds.
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Shao, Wenyang, Jinguang Yang, Xiaofang Wang, and Ziyue Ma. "A real gas-based throughflow method for the analysis of SCO2 centrifugal compressors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 10 (January 30, 2020): 1943–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220902188.
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The supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle is recognized as a promising candidate for the next generation of nuclear power and energy system. Among all the components in the cycle, the centrifugal compressor is one of the most important ones. This paper presents a streamline curvature throughflow method based on real gas properties and capable of dealing with condensation flows in the supercritical carbon dioxide compressors. A fluid thermodynamic property calculation method based on look-up tables is adopted to account for the real gas effects and fluid condensation and to reduce the computational time. For extending the simulation capability to the region below the saturation curve to assess the condensation possibility, the homogeneous equilibrium model is adopted. Finally, the real gas-based streamline curvature method is applied in the analysis of a supercritical carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor working near the critical point. Then, computational fluid dynamics calculations are performed to validate the method in detail. The results of the computational validation indicate that the real gas-based streamline curvature method presented in the paper can obtain an accurate enough flow field as that obtained by three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations considering the coarse grid and the much less calculation time.
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Rodgers, C. "Development of a High-Specific-Speed Centrifugal Compressor." Journal of Turbomachinery 119, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841151.
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This paper describes the development of a subscale single-stage centrifugal compressor with a dimensionless specific speed (Ns) of 1.8, originally designed for full-size application as a high volume flow, low pressure ratio, gas booster compressor. The specific stage is noteworthy in that it provides a benchmark representing the performance potential of very high-specific-speed compressors, of which limited information is found in the open literature. Stage and component test performance characteristics are presented together with traverse results at the impeller exit. Traverse test results were compared with recent CFD computational predictions for an exploratory analytical calibration of a very high-specific-speed impeller geometry. The tested subscale (0.583) compressor essentially satisfied design performance expectations with an overall stage efficiency of 74 percent including, excessive exit casing losses. It was estimated that stage efficiency could be increased to 81 percent with exit casing losses halved.
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Gelin, A., J. M. Pugnet, D. Bolusset, and P. Friez. "Experience in Full-Load Testing of Natural Gas Centrifugal Compressors for Rotordynamics Improvements." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 934–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817077.
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During full-load shop tests under natural gas, two multistage centrifugal compressors exhibited subsynchronous vibrations. Both of them are low-flow, high-pressure, high rotational speed compressors, and are fitted with tilting pad bearings and dry gas seals. A rotating stall problem was first eliminated by a modification of the diffuser geometry. Then, aerodynamic excitations caused the rotors to operate at their stability limit, and high vibration levels were observed at the first natural frequency. A complete rotordynamics analysis was performed in order to model precisely all the fluid–structure interactions. Modifications of the rotor designs were implemented, consisting in optimizing conveniently the bearing pads, replacing the toothed labyrinth seals of the balance pistons by damping honeycomb seals, fitting them with improved shunt hole systems. In addition, the dry gas seals were found to have been damaged, due to thermal effects, and further modifications were implemented to eliminate this problem. Final full load tests demonstrated a satisfactory behavior of both centrifugal compressors.
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Borovkov, Aleksey, Igor Voinov, Yuri Galerkin, Roman Kaminsky, Aleksandr Drozdov, Olga Solovyeva, and Kristina Soldatova. "Design, Plant Test and CFD Calculation of a Turbocharger for a Low-Speed Engine." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (November 24, 2020): 8344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238344.
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Various approaches and techniques are used to design centrifugal compressors. These are engineering one-dimensional and quasi-three-dimensional programs, as well as CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) programs. The final judgment about the effectiveness of the design is given by testing the compressor or its model. A centrifugal compressor for an internal combustion engine turbocharger was designed jointly by the Research Laboratory “Gas Dynamics of Turbomachines” of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU) and RPA (Research and Production Association) “Turbotekhnika”. To check its dimensionless characteristics, the compressor was tested with two geometrically similar impellers with a diameter of 175 (TKR 175E) and 140 mm (TKR 140E). The mathematical model of the Universal Modeling Method calculates the efficiency in the design mode for all tests of both compressors with an error of 0.89%, and the efficiency for the entire characteristic with an error of 1.55%. The characteristics of the TKR 140E compressor were calculated using the ANSYS commercial CFD software. For TKR-140E, a significant discrepancy in the value of the efficiency was obtained, but a good agreement in the area of operation, which was not achieved in previous calculations. According to the calculation, the work coefficient is overestimated by 9%, which corresponds to the results of previous calculations by the authors.
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Bykov, G. A., O. G. Bykova, S. V. Izbash, and V. V. Talpash. "Determining the actual gas-dynamic characteristics of centrifugal natural gas compressors." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 42, no. 1-2 (January 2006): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-006-0051-z.
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Li, Xiaojian, Yijia Zhao, Huadong Yao, Ming Zhao, and Zhengxian Liu. "A New Method for Impeller Inlet Design of Supercritical CO2 Centrifugal Compressors in Brayton Cycles." Energies 13, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 5049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195049.
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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SCO2) is considered as a potential working fluid in next generation power and energy systems. The SCO2 Brayton cycle is advantaged with higher cycle efficiency, smaller compression work, and more compact layout, as compared with traditional cycles. When the inlet total condition of the compressor approaches the critical point of the working fluid, the cycle efficiency is further enhanced. However, the flow acceleration near the impeller inducer causes the fluid to enter two-phase region, which may lead to additional aerodynamic losses and flow instability. In this study, a new impeller inlet design method is proposed to achieve a better balance among the cycle efficiency, compressor compactness, and inducer condensation. This approach couples a concept of the maximum swallowing capacity of real gas and a new principle for condensation design. Firstly, the mass flow function of real gas centrifugal compressors is analytically expressed by non-dimensional parameters. An optimal inlet flow angle is derived to achieve the maximum swallowing capacity under a certain inlet relative Mach number, which leads to the minimum energy loss and a more compact geometry for the compressor. Secondly, a new condensation design principle is developed by proposing a novel concept of the two-zone inlet total condition for SCO2 compressors. In this new principle, the acceptable acceleration margin (AAM) is derived as a criterion to limit the impeller inlet condensation. The present inlet design method is validated in the design and simulation of a low-flow-coefficient compressor stage based on the real gas model. The mechanisms of flow accelerations in the impeller inducer, which form low-pressure regions and further produce condensation, are analyzed and clarified under different operating conditions. It is found that the proposed method is efficient to limit the condensation in the impeller inducer, keep the compactness of the compressor, and maintain a high cycle efficiency.
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Wang, Gong Tao, Chen Zheng, and Abed Halimah. "Optimal Scheduling of Compressors Considering Linepack Storage in a Pipeline Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 331 (July 2013): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.331.271.
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This paper presents an algorithm using dynamic programming to solve the problem of opitimal scheduling of compressors considering the linepack storage in a pipeline network. Both centrifugal and piston compressors are modelled for power calculation. For a forecast profile of gas loads, a multi-stage problem is formed by discretizing the storage capacity of linepack and tank along the timeline, and then is solved by a dynamic programming to obtain optimal day-ahead schedules for each compressor. While creating the multi-stage data, constraints on compressors, stations (sources), and pipeline network are utilized to exclude infeasible paths, avoiding dimension disaster and ensuring the feasibility of the paths from the point of view of state transition. Case studies have been done on both simple and complex systems, and the results indicate the practicability of the proposed algorithm.
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Sukhinenko, V. E., V. P. Parafeinik, G. N. Zinevich, and V. N. Dovzhenko. "Unified centrifugal compressors for the Gas and Petroleum Industry." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 29, no. 11 (November 1993): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01147312.
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Botros, K. K., P. J. Campbell, and D. B. Mah. "Dynamic Simulation of Compressor Station Operation Including Centrifugal Compressor and Gas Turbine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 113, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 300–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906563.
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Dynamic simulation of the operation of a compressor station requires mathematical modeling of the dynamic behavior of the compressor unit and various piping elements. Such models consist of large systems of nonlinear partial differential equations describing the pipe flow together with nonlinear algebraic equations describing the quasi-steady flow through various valves, constrictions, and compressors. In addition, the models also include mathematical descriptions of the control system, which consists of mixed algebraic and ordinary differential (mad) equations with some inequalities representing controllers’ limits. In this paper a numerical technique for the solution of the gas dynamics equations is described, based on the transfer matrix formulation relating the state vector time difference at one side of an element to that on the other side. This approach facilitates incorporation of all element transfer matrices into an overall transfer matrix according to the system geometric connectivity. The paper also presents simulation results and comparison with actual field measurements of three case histories: (1) simulation of a compressor surge protection control process; (2) unit startup; and (3) slow transient of a compressor station responding to changes in the discharge pressure set point. Good agreement between simulation results and field measurements is demonstrated.
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Калінкевич, Микола Васильович, and Микола Іванович Радченко. "ЗБІЛЬШЕННЯ ДІАПАЗОНУ СТІЙКОЇ РОБОТИ СТУПЕНЯ ВІДЦЕНТРОВОГО КОМПРЕСОРА З БЕЗЛОПАТКОВИМ ДИФУЗОРОМ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 6 (December 24, 2019): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.6.01.
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Centrifugal compressors often operate at different capacities, so it is important to ensure their stable operation over a wide flow range. Stages with vaneless diffusers have several advantages compared to stages with other types of diffusers: they are more technologically advanced to manufacture, and more uniform pressure distribution behind the impeller improves the dynamics of the rotor. At low flows, due to the occurrence of a rotating stall and surge, the efficiency of stages with vaneless diffusers rapidly decreases. The occurrence of unstable operating modes of centrifugal compressor stages at low flow rates is associated with the appearance of developed backflows in the flow part. To expand the range of stable operation of the stages, it is necessary to use methods of flow separation control. Separation of the flow can be controlled either by special profiling the flow part channels or by actively influencing the flow, for example, by injecting gas. To solve this problem, a mathematical model of the gas flow in a vaneless diffuser with gas injection is developed. The characteristics and parameters of the flow in the vaneless diffusers with various meridional profiles with and without injecting gas were calculated. A comparison of the calculated and experimental characteristics of the vaneless diffusers and flow parameters in diffusers with different geometries and with different injection modes confirms the adequacy of the mathematical model. Investigations have confirmed the possibility of improving the characteristics of the stages of centrifugal compressors through the use of vaneless diffusers and diffusers with gas injection. Gas injection diffusers extend the stable operation range of the stages. The use of gas injection in a vaneless diffuser allows reducing the power consumption during antisurge control in comparison with the widespread bypass suction system at the entrance to the impeller
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Wyssmann, H. R. "Rotor Stability of High Pressure Multistage Centrifugal Compressors." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 110, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3269497.
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A major factor influencing rotor stability of multistage high pressure centrifugal turbocompressors are the forces caused by the fluid-rotor interaction in the interstage and balance piston gas seals. An example of a fully 3-D labyrinth flow solution shows that using time averaged Navier-Stokes solutions are still excessive in computer time and hence cannot be used for practical applications. The paper gives a theory based on a two-volume bulk flow model for the prediction of the rotor-dynamic coefficients used for rotor stability calculation by complex eigenvalue analysis. Comparisons of predicted coefficients with measurements carried out on a high pressure compressor and on labyrinth seal test stands are given. The theoretically predicted phenomenon that labyrinth damping is retained even at zero inlet swirl of the leakage flow is confirmed. An example of a stability analysis of a high pressure natural gas compressor is given, where the stability margin increases with fluid pressure, i.e., density, provided seal swirl is controlled.
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Nessaib, Karim, and Abdelaziz Lakehal. "Multi Sources Information Fusion Based on Bayesian Network Method to Improve the Fault Prediction of Centrifugal Compressor." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 72, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0011.
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Abstract The centrifugal compressor is an important machine in the oil and gas industry, so the fault prediction of these machines is widely discussed in the literature. Several techniques can and should be used in fault prediction of centrifugal compressors: vibration analysis, non-destructive testing techniques, operating parameters, and other techniques. But in particular cases, these tools are inefficient for making a decision regarding the combined fault diagnosis and prediction. This paper presents a contribution to fault prediction in centrifugal compressor utilizing multi-source information fusion by a Bayesian network. The data fusion does not come from the same source, but rather from vibration analysis, oil analysis, and operating parameters. In addition, the accuracy and ability of fault prediction can be improved compared with the use of data obtained from vibration analysis only or oil analysis. The proposed method accuracy is validated on a BCL 406 type centrifugal compressor. Furthermore, the obtained results showed the effectiveness of the multi-source information fusion by Bayesian network approach gives more accuracy to decision-making in fault prediction and the developed method has an effect in predicting the combined faults.
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Kvasha, Yu A., and N. A. Zinevych. "On the effect of the meridional contour shape on the power characteristics of a centrifugal compressor wheel." Technical mechanics 2020, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/itm2020.03.012.
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This work is concerned with the development of approaches to the optimal aerodynamic design of centrifugal compressor wheels, which is due to the use of centrifugal stages in compressors of modern aircraft gas turbine engines and power plants. The aim of this work is a computational study of the effect of the meridional contour shape of a centrifugal compressor wheel on its power characteristics. The basic method is a numerical simulation of 3D turbulent gas flows in centrifugal wheels on the basis of the complete averaged Navier¬–Stokes equations and a two-parameter turbulence model. The computational study features: varying the shape of the hub and tip part of the meridional contour over a wide range, formulating quality criteria as the mean integral values of the wheel power characteristics over the operating range of the air flow rate through the wheel, and a systematic scan of the independent variable range at points that form a uniformly distributed sequence. As a result of multiparameter calculations, it was shown that in the case of a flow without separation in the blade channels of a wheel with a given starting shape of the meridional contour, varying that shape has an insignificant effect on the wheel power characteristics. It is pointed out that in similar cases it seems to be advisable to aerodynamically improve centrifugal wheels by varying the shape of their blades in the circumferential direction rather than in the meridional plane. This conclusion was made using rather a “coarse” computational grid, which, however, retains the sensitivity of the computed results to a variation in the centrifugal wheel geometry. On the whole, this work clarifies ways of further aerodynamic improvement of centrifugal compressor impellers in cases where the starting centrifugal wheel is a well-designed wheel with a flow without separation in the blade channels. The results obtained may be used in the aerodynamic optimization of centrifugal stages of aircraft gas turbine engines.
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Harasymiv, V. M., O. V. Moiseenko, and T. G. Harasymiv. "Application and algorithmic software of the control system of the technical state parameters of the two-stage centrifugal compressor." METHODS AND DEVICES OF QUALITY CONTROL, no. 1(44) (June 28, 2020): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9981-2020-1(44)-110-118.
Full textAbstract:
Efficiency of the technical state of the compressor station basic components depends on the timely prediction of the appearance of damages. It is defined by the estimation of the technical state of the basic components during the compression process. It is known that the two-stage centrifugal compressors are commonly used in the Ukrainian compressor stations. So, application software and algorithm for the two-stage centrifugal compressor have been developed, what allows to define its technical state parameters, taking into account the construction features of the compressor volute. The algorithm of the control system of the technical state parameters for the two-stage centrifugal compressor has been represented, what allows to define the receiving of the information order from sensors, methods of the information analysis and the representing order of the information to the operator. Application software for the control system of the technical state parameters of the two-stage centrifugal compressor has been organized like the application program module to aim to analyze and define the technical state of the two-stage centrifugal compressor during the compression process. It was written in the object-oriented language Delphi, and with the opportunity of its integration into existing software for conrolling the compressor. The software provides the capability of data collection and processing, the mathematical model parameters identification of the centrifugal compressor, determining volumetric productivity values, which correspond to the conditions where the centrifugal compressor is a new one or after its overhaul, calculating technical state parameters of the compressor and the expert estimation of the volute technical state of the two-stage centrifugal compressor based on fuzzy logic. Application software for the parameters control of the two-stage centrifugal compressor has been tested during operation of the two-stage centrifugal compressor 650-21-2 of the compressor station 39 of Bogorodchany linear production administration of gas transmittal pipelines. Obtained results confirmed the average deterioration of the volute technical state.