Journal articles: 'Centrelink'

1

Will, Lou. "Centrelink Payments Data." Australian Economic Review 48, no. 4 (December 2015): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12131.

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Mackay, Geraldene. "Getting payments at Centrelink." Australian Social Work 57, no. 4 (December 2004): 354–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0312-407x.2004.00165.x.

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3

Vardon, Sue. "Centrelink: A Reply to ACOSS." Australian Journal of Public Administration 58, no. 3 (September 1999): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.00115.

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4

Raper, Michael. "Centrelink - Viewed from the Community Sector." Australian Journal of Public Administration 58, no. 3 (September 1999): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.00114.

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5

Hall, Greg, Jennifer Boddy, Lesley Chenoweth, and Katherine Davie. "Mutual Benefits: Developing Relational Service Approaches Within Centrelink." Australian Social Work 65, no. 1 (March 2012): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0312407x.2011.594956.

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6

Manning, Caroline, Stewart Millar, Tania Newton, and Sharon Webb. "After the Wave—The Centrelink Social Work Response Offshore." Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation 5, no. 3-4 (January 18, 2007): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j198v05n03_05.

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7

HALLIGAN, JOHN. "Advocacy and Innovation in Interagency Management: The Case of Centrelink." Governance 20, no. 3 (July 2007): 445–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2007.00366.x.

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8

Grace, Marty, and Louise Coventry. "The Co-location of YP4 and Centrelink in Bendigo, Australia." Journal of Social Work 10, no. 2 (April 2010): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017310363642.

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9

Whelan, Andrew. "“Ask for More Time”: Big Data Chronopolitics in the Australian Welfare Bureaucracy." Critical Sociology 46, no. 6 (September 11, 2019): 867–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920519866004.

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Since 2016, welfare recipients in Australia have been subject to the Online Compliance Intervention (OCI), implemented through the national income support agency, Centrelink. This is a big data initiative, matching reported income to tax records to recoup welfare overpayments. The OCI proved controversial, notably for a “reverse onus,” requiring that claimants disprove debts, and for data-matching design leading frequently to incorrect debts. As algorithmic governance, the OCI directs attention to the chronopolitics of contemporary welfare bureaucracies. It outsources labor previously conducted by Centrelink to clients, compelling them to submit documentation lest debts be raised against them. It imposes an active wait against a deadline on those issued debt notifications. Belying government rhetoric about the accessibility of the digital state, the OCI demonstrates how automation exacerbates punitive welfare agendas, through transfers of time, money, and labor whose combined effects are such as to occupy the time of people experiencing poverty.

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Mulgan, Richard. "Public Accountability of Provider Agencies: The Case of the Australian ‘Centrelink’." International Review of Administrative Sciences 68, no. 1 (March 2002): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852302681003.

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11

Halligan, John. "The quasi-autonomous agency in an ambiguous environment: the Centrelink case." Public Administration and Development 24, no. 2 (April 26, 2004): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.320.

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12

Norman, Richard. "The Centrelink Experiment: Innovation in Service Delivery byJohn Halligan and Jules Wills." Australian Journal of Public Administration 69, no. 1 (March 2010): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2010.00672_2.x.

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13

Englezos, Elizabeth. "Divergent Realities Across the Digital–Material Divide." Law, Technology and Humans 2, no. 2 (November 21, 2020): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/lthj.1483.

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This article utilises the example of Australia’s social welfare agency ‘Centrelink’ and its Online Compliance Intervention (OCI) program to illustrate the process of digital translation and digital determinations of material reality. The article explains the digital translation process through the adaptation of various aspects of Charles Sanders Peirce’s philosophy such as the triadic sign model, signification, fallibilism and synechism. Semiotics, or the ‘study of meaning making’, highlights the subjective nature of data analysis. A semiotic approach not only explains the differing realities of digital and material space and the lack of distinction between digital and material phenomena, but also provides further insight into algorithmic determinations of reality and the inherent limitations on our knowledge of digital or material reality. The same data can produce divergent realities within digital space and between the material and digital spaces. The article concludes that the design of algorithms, the nature of their representations and the outcomes they generate lack the complexity and nuance of reality, and disregards social influences on meaning and interpretation. As illustrated by the real-life failure of Centrelink’s OCI, this article warns against interpreting the digital as an accurate rendering of the real.

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Mitchell, Jennifer. "Book Review: Centrelink (1997) Naming Systems of Ethnic Groups: A Guide (4th ed.)." Health Information Management 27, no. 4 (December 1997): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335839802700412.

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15

Winkworth, Gail. "Partnering the 800 Pound Gorilla: Centrelink Working Locally to Create Opportunities for Participation." Australian Journal of Public Administration 64, no. 3 (September 2005): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2005.00449.x.

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16

Hall, Greg, Jennifer Boddy, and Lesley Chenoweth. "An adventurous journey: Social workers guiding customer service workers on the welfare frontline." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 28, no. 3 (November 17, 2016): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol28iss3id244.

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INTRODUCTION: This paper explores a reform to worker relationships at the frontline of the Australian income support and government service provider (Centrelink). Reform involved social workers providing guidance to customer service workers and working closely with them in order to improve interactions with people seeking assistance.METHODS: A case study traced reform in two Centrelink offices over one year, and included semi-structured interviews and observations with social workers and customer service workers. A thematic analysis highlighted the nature of changes to worker relationships over time, and how new relationships supported new organizational practices.FINDINGS: Customer service workers initially reported both anxiety and excitement, expressing admiration of social workers’ skills and knowledge. Over time, they emphasised the inspiration and interpersonal support social workers provided them, how this helped them deal with difficult situations and was missed when not available. Social workers’ initial scepticism around demands on their time and challenges to their professionalism gave way (in part) to a sense of influencing and guiding workers towards more humanising interactions, although some concerns and organizational tensions remained.CONCLUSION: Guidance to other workers is a form of leadership which fits well with social work’s relational, supportive potential. Tensions in the welfare context mean that providing guidance is both rewarding and challenging, taking social workers on an adventurous journey involving adversity and (self) discovery.

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곽병훈. "An Innovative Service Delivery of Centrelink in Australia and It's Implications for Welfare Governance." Korean Comparative Government Review 18, no. 2 (August 2014): 37–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18397/kcgr.2014.18.2.37.

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18

Squires, Jane, and Natasa Kramaric-Trojak. "Centrelink: how social workers make a difference for young persons. A model of intervention." Australian Social Work 56, no. 4 (December 2003): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0748.2003.00092.x.

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19

Mitchell, John, Margaret Hamilton, and Catherine Hayman. "The Comparative Value of Three Different Methodologies for Measuring the Return on Investment from a Leadership Program." Evaluation Journal of Australasia 5, no. 1 (September 2005): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x0500500109.

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An evaluation was conducted in 2003 of a major leadership program within Centrelink—the Senior Executive Leadership Program (SELP). The evaluation consisted of three separate studies of SELP: a Return on Investment (ROI) study, a Return on Training Investment (ROTI) study and a Value for Money (VFM) study. This paper reports on the comparative value of each of these three different approaches. Specifically, it aims to highlight the different nature and benefits of each approach in order to assist organisational decision-makers to make informed decisions about whether they should use any one, or more, of these three methodologies in the future.

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20

Thomsen, Rosie, Wendy Smyth, Anne Gardner, and Jennifer Ketchell. "Centrelink: an innovative urban intervention for improving adult Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander access to vaccination." Healthcare infection 17, no. 4 (December 2012): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hi12035.

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21

Cooke, Mary K., and K. L. Martin. "Change from within? social work proposals to change centrelink policy in cases of suspected child abuse." Australian Social Work 51, no. 4 (December 1998): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03124079808411243.

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22

Kossen, Chris, and Sara Hammer. "Mature-Aged Job Seekers' Experiences of Centrelink and the Job Network Services in an Australian Regional Centre." Australian Journal of Career Development 19, no. 1 (April 2010): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841621001900109.

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23

Holdsworth, Louise. "The impact of mutual obligation for sole parents." Journal of Sociology 53, no. 3 (September 23, 2016): 607–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783316667639.

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Mutual obligation is located within a neoliberal socio-political framework of policies designed to structure an ordered and ‘disciplined society’ emphasising strong work-ethics and self-reliance. This article presents findings of three qualitative studies into welfare-recipient experiences under interventions allied to mutual obligation. The studies were of 14 (2000), 32 (2007) and 15 (2014–15) sole mothers in receipt of Centrelink payments. Participants voiced concerns over interventions targeting individuals predominantly already contributing in essential roles, fear of misdirected coercive punishments, increased stigmatisation, a lower real standard of living and unimproved prospects for suitable employment. The article explores past and present rhetoric and implementations of mutual obligation policies, and their impacts for people receiving welfare benefits. Ongoing critical analysis of such interventionist policies is essential to ensuring that the ostensible goals of addressing poverty and disadvantage are achievable and without excessive unforeseen consequences to society. Are they in the interests of social justice and stability?

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24

Jacobi, Hatto F. "Investigation of Centreline Segregation and Centreline Porosity in CC - Slabs." steel research international 74, no. 11-12 (November 2003): 667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.200300249.

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25

Baumann, S., S. Winkler, and L. M. Andreassen. "Mapping glaciers in Jotunheimen, South-Norway, during the "Little Ice Age" maximum." Cryosphere 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-3-231-2009.

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Abstract. The maximum glacier extent during the "Little Ice Age" (mid 18th century AD) in Jotunheimen, southern Norway, was mapped using remote sensing techniques. Interpretation of existing glaciochronological studies, analysis of geomorphological maps, and own GPS-field measurements were applied for validation of the mapping. The length of glacier centrelines and other inventory data were determined using a Geographical Information System (GIS) and a Digital Elevation Model. "Little Ice Age" maximum extent for a total of 233 glaciers comprising an overall glacier area of about 290 km2 was mapped. Mean length of the centreline was calculated to 1.6 km. Until AD 2003, the area and length shrank by 35% and 34%, respectively, compared with the maximum "Little Ice Age" extent.

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26

Dee, Mike. "Welfare Surveillance, Income Management and New Paternalism in Australia." Surveillance & Society 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 272–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v11i3.4540.

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This article discusses the situation of income support claimants in Australia, constructed as faulty citizens and flawed welfare subjects. Many are on the receiving end of complex, multi-layered forms of surveillance aimed at securing socially responsible and compliant behaviours. In Australia, as in other Western countries, neoliberal economic regimes with their harsh and often repressive treatment of welfare recipients operate in tandem with a burgeoning and costly arsenal of CCTV and other surveillance and governance assemblages. Through a program of ‘Income Management’, initially targeting (mainly) Indigenous welfare recipients in Australia’s Northern Territory, the BasicsCard (administered by Centrelink, on behalf of the Australian Federal Government’s Department of Human Services) is one example of this welfare surveillance. The scheme operates by ‘quarantining’ a percentage of a claimant’s welfare entitlements to be spent by way of the BasicsCard on ‘approved’ items only. The BasicsCard scheme raises significant questions about whether it is possible to encourage people to take responsibility for themselves if they no longer have real control over the most important aspects of their lives. Some Indigenous communities have resisted the BasicsCard, criticising it because the imposition of income management leads to a loss of trust, dignity, and individual agency. Further, income management of individuals by the welfare state contradicts the purported aim that they become less ‘welfare dependent’ and more ‘self-reliant’. In highlighting issues around compulsory income management this paper makes a contribution to the largely under discussed area of income management and the growth of welfare surveillance, with its propensity for function creep, garnering large volumes of data on users approved (and declined) purchasing decisions, complete with dates, amounts, times and locations.

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27

Kernaghan, Kenneth. "Moving towards integrated public governance: improving service delivery through community engagement." International Review of Administrative Sciences 75, no. 2 (June 2009): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852309104174.

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Community engagement for improved citizen-centred service is an important dimension of Integrated Service Delivery (ISD), which is in turn a central component of the movement towards Integrated Public Governance. The experience of such organizations as Centrelink and Service Canada can inform thinking and action on the community engagement activities of ISD organizations in general. Most of these organizations are at an early stage in the use of innovative approaches to community engagement, but many of them are well positioned to use their physical presence in local offices across their jurisdiction to enhance service delivery. This article examines eight ISD organizations in four countries as a basis for discussing such matters as the benefits and challenges of community engagement, the nature of the engagement, and the means by which these organizations have fostered it. For ISD organizations to leverage their community presence, they must collaborate with a wide variety of community stakeholders. Points for practitioners Integrated Service Delivery (ISD) organizations can leverage their physical presence in local communities to improve service for individual citizens. This community engagement activity can take the form of partnerships, consultations and contracts. The corporate level can support community engagement through administrative structures and processes and through training opportunities and learning tools. Each local office needs an appropriate measure of discretion and flexibility to adapt its engagement activities to the community's particular challenges and resources. The movement in public management towards Integrated Public Governance and the anticipated increase in the delivery of government services by private and third sector organizations point to the need for collaborative community engagement. There are significant barriers as well as benefits associated with the community engagement activities of ISD organizations.

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28

Réger, Mihály, Heli Kytönen, Balázs Verő, and Árpád Szélig. "Centreline Segregation of CC Slabs." Materials Science Forum 649 (May 2010): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.649.461.

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Industrial data set with 400 CC (continuous casting) steel slabs were analysed by a statistical method for revealing the real connections between the technological parameters, heat transfer model results and the precisely determined centerline segregation index. Because of the poor correlations a new model was developed in which the shrinkage and deformations of the shells of the slabs can also be taken into account. It has been proved that the stopping of liquid movement below about 30 % liquid ratio plays an important role in the centerline segregation formation. The conclusions of the calculations are in good accordance with the results of the metallographical analysis.

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29

Caro, Colin Gerald, Anusha Seneviratne, Kevin B. Heraty, Claudia Monaco, Martin G. Burke, Rob Krams, Carlos C. Chang, Gianfilippo Coppola, and Paul Gilson. "Intimal hyperplasia following implantation of helical-centreline and straight-centreline stents in common carotid arteries in healthy pigs: influence of intraluminal flow †." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 89 (December 6, 2013): 20130578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0578.

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Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is a leading cause of obstruction of vascular interventions, including arterial stents, bypass grafts and arteriovenous grafts and fistulae. Proposals to account for arterial stent-associated IH include wall damage, low wall shear stress (WSS), disturbed flow and, although not widely recognized, wall hypoxia. The common non-planarity of arterial geometry and flow, led us to develop a bare-metal, nitinol, self-expanding stent with three-dimensional helical-centreline geometry. This was deployed in one common carotid artery of healthy pigs, with a straight-centreline, but otherwise identical (conventional) stent deployed contralaterally. Both stent types deformed the arteries, but the helical-centreline device additionally deformed them helically and caused swirling of intraluminal flow. At sacrifice, one month post stent deployment, histology revealed significantly less IH in the helical-centreline than straight-centreline stented vessels. Medial cross-sectional area was not significantly different in helical-centreline than straight-centreline stented vessels. By contrast, luminal cross-sectional area was significantly larger in helical-centreline than straight-centreline stented vessels. Mechanisms considered to account for those results include enhanced intraluminal WSS and enhanced intraluminal blood–vessel wall mass transport, including of oxygen, in the helical-centreline stented vessels. Consistent with the latter proposal, adventitial microvessel density was lower in the helical-centreline stented than straight-centreline stented vessels.

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Morrison, J. F., M. Vallikivi, and A. J. Smits. "The inertial subrange in turbulent pipe flow: centreline." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 788 (January 11, 2016): 602–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.707.

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The inertial-subrange scaling of the axial velocity component is examined for the centreline of turbulent pipe flow for Reynolds numbers in the range $249\leqslant Re_{{\it\lambda}}\leqslant 986$. Estimates of the dissipation rate are made by both integration of the one-dimensional dissipation spectrum and the third-order moment of the structure function. In neither case does the non-dimensional dissipation rate asymptote to a constant; rather than decreasing, it increases indefinitely with Reynolds number. Complete similarity of the inertial range spectra is not evident: there is little support for the hypotheses of Kolmogorov (Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 32, 1941a, pp. 16–18; Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 30, 1941b, pp. 301–305) and the effects of Reynolds number are not well represented by Kolmogorov’s ‘extended similarity hypothesis’ (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 13, 1962, pp. 82–85). The second-order moment of the structure function does not show a constant value, even when compensated by the extended similarity hypothesis. When corrected for the effects of finite Reynolds number, the third-order moments of the structure function accurately support the ‘four-fifths law’, but they do not show a clear plateau. In common with recent work in grid turbulence, non-equilibrium effects can be represented by a heuristic scaling that includes a global Reynolds number as well as a local one. It is likely that non-equilibrium effects appear to be particular to the nature of the boundary conditions. Here, the principal effects of the boundary conditions appear through finite turbulent transport at the pipe centreline, which constitutes a source or a sink at each wavenumber.

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31

Barekar, Nilam S., Sanjeev Das, Zhong Yun Fan, Richard Cinderey, and N. Champion. "Microstructural Evaluation during Melt Conditioned Twin Roll Casting (MC-TRC) of Al-Mg Binary Alloys." Materials Science Forum 790-791 (May 2014): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.285.

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Twin-roll casting (TRC) is an established route to produce sheets of aluminium alloys. Despite enormous potential, severe centreline segregation arising during casting limits the extension of alloy range suitable for commercial applications. At given casting conditions, the centreline segregation in conventional twin-roll-cast strip increases as the solute content in the alloy (and hence freezing range) increases. To improve the quality of the TRC strips, a new technology, melt conditioning twin roll casting (MC-TRC) has been developed. Enhanced nucleation by melt conditioning favours the advance of an equiaxed solidification front during solidification. It has been demonstrated that the MC-TRC process is capable of producing high quality Al-alloy strips with minimal centreline segregation. In this paper we use binary Al-Mg as a model alloy to investigate the composition limit (the maximum Mg concentration) for the MC-TRC strip without centreline segregation.

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32

Ali Jemmali, Mohamed, and Hussein T. Mouftah. "Improved Control Design for Autonomous Vehicles." International Journal of Information Technology, Control and Automation 12, no. 3 (July 31, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijitca.2022.12301.

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In this paper, the autonomous vehicle presented as a discrete-time Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy (T-S) model. We used the discrete-time T-S model since it is ready for the implementation unlike the continuous T-S fuzzy model. The main goal is to keep the autonomous vehicle in the centreline of the lane regardless the external disturbances. These disturbances are the wind force and the unknown curvature; they are applied to test if the autonomous vehicle moves from the centreline. To ensure that the autonomous vehicle remain on the centreline we propose two discrete-time fuzzy lateral controllers called also steering controllers.

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33

SHIELDS JR, F. DOUGLAS, ANDREW SIMON, and LYLE J. STEFFEN. "Reservoir effects on downstream river channel migration." Environmental Conservation 27, no. 1 (March 2000): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900000072.

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Human occupation and development of alluvial river floodplains are adversely affected by river channel lateral migration, which may range as high as several hundred metres per year. Reservoirs that reduce the frequency and duration of high flows typically reduce lateral migration rates by factors of 3 to 6. The ecology of riverine corridors is dependent upon the processes of erosion and sedimentation, which lead to lateral migration. Multiple-objective use of floodplains adjacent to active rivers therefore requires tools for assessing the probability and magnitude of channel movements. Existing approaches for predicting river channel movement may be classified as empirical or mechanistic, and are inadequate for widespread application. The Missouri River downstream from Fort Peck Dam in Montana, a major alluvial river with flow highly perturbed by regulation, was selected for case study. Maps and aerial photographs were available before and after dam construction. This imagery was analysed by digitizing channel centrelines at successive coverages under pre-dam and post-dam conditions, and mean migration rates were computed by bend and by reach. The mean rate of channel centreline migration fell from 6.6 m yr-1 to 1.8 m yr-1 after impoundment. Bend-mean channel activity rates were only weakly correlated with variables describing channel form and geometry. Results indicate that flow regulation for flood control and hydropower production typical of the study reach had profound effects on river corridor dynamism, with implications for habitat type distribution and ecosystem integrity.

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Jin, Xiaoliang, Peng Shi, and Shuxiang Guo. "Vascular centreline extraction for virtual reality interventional training systems." International Journal of Mechatronics and Automation 1, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijma.2022.10047637.

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35

MALMSTRÖM, TOR G., ALLAN T. KIRKPATRICK, BRIAN CHRISTENSEN, and KEVIN D. KNAPPMILLER. "Centreline velocity decay measurements in low-velocity axisymmetric jets." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 346 (September 10, 1997): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112097006368.

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The streamwise velocity profiles of low-velocity isothermal axisymmetric jets from nozzles of different diameters were measured and compared with previous experimental data. The objective of the measurements was to examine the dependence of the diffusion of the jet on the outlet conditions. As the outlet velocity was decreased, the centreline velocity decay coefficient began to decrease at an outlet velocity of about 6 m s−1.

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36

Sadleir, Robert J. T., and Paul F. Whelan. "Fast colon centreline calculation using optimised 3D topological thinning." Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 29, no. 4 (June 2005): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2004.10.002.

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37

Mao, Zirui, Yuanping Xu, Benjun Guo, Tukun Li, Xiangqian Jiang, Yajing Shi, Yanlong Cao, Zhijie Xu, Chaolong Zhang, and Jian Huang. "A Hybrid Algorithm for the Laser Stripe Centreline Extraction." Procedia CIRP 114 (2022): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2022.10.033.

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38

Caro, Colin Gerald, Anusha Seneviratne, Kevin B. Heraty, Claudia Monaco, Martin G. Burke, Rob Krams, Carlos C. Chang, Paul Gilson, and Gianfilippo Coppola. "Intimal hyperplasia following implantation of helical-centreline and straight-centreline stents in common carotid arteries in healthy pigs: influence of intraluminal flow." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 92 (March 6, 2014): 20131156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.1156.

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39

Amedorme, Sherry. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MEAN DROPLET SIZE FROM PRESSURE SWIRL ATOMIZER." International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies 4, no. 6 (December 18, 2020): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijoest.v4.i6.2020.124.

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This experimental study undertakes the measurements of droplet Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) at different axial distances for the hollow-cone nozzle and different radial distances from the spray centreline using a laser-diffraction-based drop size analyser in order to validate atomization model. The study also investigates the influence of injection pressure and the evaluation of two exit orifice diameters on the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD). The drop size distributions along the nozzle centreline as well as the radial drop distributions from spray centreline are also evaluated. To enhance the physics of liquid sheet instability and liquid film breakup mechanisms, visualization of liquid film breakup as a function of injection pressure was carried out. The results show that mean droplet size (SMD) increases in the axial distance on the spray centreline but decreases with an increasing injection pressure on the spray centreline. It was observed that larger sized drops occupy the spray periphery compared to those occupying the spray core. For the nozzle exit orifice diameters of 3.5 mm and 1.5 mm, the results show that the small nozzle exhibits smaller SMDs than the bigger nozzle and the break-up lengths are different for the two nozzles. The drop size distributions at radial positions showed an increase in droplet formation through the spray downstream distances and become more uniform. The visualisation of the spray was carried out using high-speed camera and it was noted that a well-defined hollow-cone spray was captured and that the spray angle increases with the injection pressure but reduces with the liquid film length.

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40

Haji-Haidari, A., and C. R. Smith. "Development of the turbulent near wake of a tapered thick flat plate." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 189 (April 1988): 135–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112088000941.

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The velocity field and turbulence structure in the near wake of a thick flat plate with a tapered trailing-edge geometry are examined using both hydrogen-bubble flow visualization and hot-film anemometry measurements. Tests were conducted for Re1 = 8.5 × 105 in the region 0 < x+ < 6400 behind the trailing edge. The probe and visualization results indicate a similarity between both (i) velocity and turbulence structure variations wih x+ in the near wake, and (ii) the corresponding changes in similar flow characteristics with y+ within a turbulent boundary layer. In particular, visualization data in the vicinity of the wake centreline reveal the existence of strong streamwise flow structures in the region close (x+ < 270) to the trailing edge. The streamwise orientation of the observed structures diminishes as x+ increases. From hot-film measurements, two separate regions along the wake centreline can be distinguished: (i) a linear growth region which extends over 0 < x+ < 100, wherein the centreline velocity varies linearly with x+; and (ii) a logarithmic growth region for x+ > 270, wherein the centreline velocity varies as log x+. The similarity in behaviour between these regions and the comparable wall region of a turbulent boundary layer suggests the existence of a common functionality. This similarity is demonstrated by a simple linear relationship of the form y+ = Kx+, which is shown to approximately collapse the velocity behaviour both across a turbulent boundary layer and along the wake centreline to a unified set of empirical relationships.

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Talluru, K. M., J. Philip, and K. A. Chauhan. "Local transport of passive scalar released from a point source in a turbulent boundary layer." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 846 (May 4, 2018): 292–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.280.

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Simultaneous measurements of streamwise velocity ($\tilde{U}$) and concentration ($\tilde{C}$) for a horizontal plume released at eight different vertical locations within a turbulent boundary layer are discussed in this paper. These are supplemented by limited simultaneous three-component velocity and concentration measurements. Results of the integral time scale ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{c}$) of concentration fluctuations across the width of the plume are presented here for the first time. It is found that$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{c}$has two distinct peaks: one closer to the plume centreline and the other at a vertical distance of plume half-width above the centreline. The time-averaged streamwise concentration flux is found to be positive and negative, respectively, below and above the plume centreline. This behaviour is a resultant of wall-normal velocity fluctuations ($w$) and Reynolds shear stress ($\overline{uw}$). Confirmation of these observations is found in the results of joint probability density functions of$u$(streamwise velocity fluctuations) and$\tilde{C}$as well as that of$w$and$\tilde{C}$. Results of cross-correlation coefficient show that high- and low-momentum regions have a distinctive role in the transport of passive scalar. Above the plume centreline, low-speed structures have a lead over the meandering plume, while high-momentum regions are seen to lag behind the plume below its centreline. Further examination of the phase relationship between time-varying$u$and$c$(concentration fluctuations) via cross-spectrum analysis is consistent with this observation. Based on these observations, a phenomenological model is presented for the relative arrangement of a passive scalar plume with respect to large-scale velocity structures in the flow.

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42

Karpouzian, G., G. Spedding, and H. K. Cheng. "Lunate-tail swimming propulsion. Part 2. Performance analysis." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 210 (January 1990): 329–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112090001318.

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The theory of an oscillating, high-aspect-ratio, lifting surface with a curved centreline (Cheng & Murillo 1984) is applied to a performance analysis of lunate-tail swimming propulsion. Thrust, power and propulsive efficiency are calculated for model lunate tails with various combinations of mode shapes and morphological features to ascertain the viability of the proportional-feathering concept, and to determine the influence of sweep and centreline curvature. One of the principal conclusions concerns the interchangeability of the heaving amplitude of the peduncle (identified with the major pitching axis) with the centreline sweep, and its effect on the propulsive efficiency, while maintaining the same thrust. Hydrodynamic reasons are also offered for the apparent preference for the crescent-moon fin shape over the V-shape at moderate sweep angles, and for the large sweep angles often found in V-shaped fins.

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Lukerchenko, Nikolay, Siarhei Piatsevich, Zdenek Chara, and Pavel Vlasak. "Numerical model of spherical particle saltation in a channel with a transversely tilted rough bed." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 57, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10098-009-0017-x.

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Numerical model of spherical particle saltation in a channel with a transversely tilted rough bedThis paper deals with the numerical simulation of spherical particle saltation in a channel with a rough transversely tilted bed. The numerical model presented is based on the 3D model of spherical particle saltation developed by the authors, which takes into account the translational and rotational particle motion. The stochastic method and the concept of a contact zone were used for the calculation of a particle trajectory and its dependence on the bed lateral slope, particle diameter, and shear velocity. The effect of the bed lateral slope results in a deviation of the particle trajectory from the downstream direction. Some examples of the calculation are presented. The trajectories of the saltating particles starting their movements from one point were calculated and it was shown that they are of random character and together create a bundle or fascicle of trajectories. It was found that the centrelines of the bundles can be approximated by the straight lines for low and moderate values of the bed transverse slope, i.e. slopes less than 20°. The angle of deviation of the centreline from the downstream direction increases when the bed lateral slope and/or the particle diameters increase. However, with increasing shear velocity, the deviation angle decreases. Due to the lateral bed slope the particles are sorted according to their size, and the criteria for sorting particles were defined. An example of the particle sorting was calculated and the separable and non-separable regions were determined.

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Moore, M. R., J. P. Whiteley, and J. M. Oliver. "On the deflection of a liquid jet by an air-cushioning layer." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 846 (May 9, 2018): 711–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.310.

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A hierarchy of models is formulated for the deflection of a thin two-dimensional liquid jet as it passes over a thin air-cushioning layer above a rigid flat impermeable substrate. We perform a systematic derivation of the leading-order equations of motion for the jet in the distinguished limit in which the air pressure jump, surface tension and gravity affect the displacement of the centreline of the jet, but not its thickness or velocity. We identify thereby the axial length scales for centreline deflection in regimes in which the air layer is dominated by viscous or inertial effects. The derived length scales and reduced equations aim to expand the suite of tools available for future analyses of the evolution of lamellae and ejecta in impact problems. Assuming that the jet is sufficiently long that tip and entry effects can be neglected, we demonstrate that the centreline of a constant-thickness jet moving with constant axial speed is destabilised by the air layer for sufficiently small surface tension. Expressions for the fastest-growing modes are obtained in both the viscous-dominated air and inertia-dominated air regimes. For a finite-length jet emanating from a nozzle, we show that, in one particular asymptotic limit, the evolution of the jet centreline is akin to the flapping of an unfurling flag above a thin air layer. We discuss the distinguished limit in which tip retraction can be neglected and perform numerical investigations into the resulting model. We show that the cushioning layer causes the jet centreline to bend, leading to rupture of the air layer. We discuss how our toolbox of models can be adapted and utilised in the context of recent experimental and numerical studies of splash dynamics.

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BALACHANDAR, S., J. D. BUCKMASTER, and M. SHORT. "The generation of axial vorticity in solid-propellant rocket-motor flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 429 (February 25, 2001): 283–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112000002688.

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We examine small deviations from axial symmetry in a solid-propellant rocket motor, and describe a ‘bath-tub-vortex’ effect, in which substantial axial vorticity is generated in a neighbourhood of the chamber centreline. The unperturbed flow field is essentially inviscid at modest Reynolds numbers, even at the chamber walls, as has long been known, but the inviscid perturbed flow is singular at the centreline, and viscous terms are required to regularize it. We examine perturbations sufficiently small that a linear analysis is valid everywhere (εRe small, where ε is a measure of the perturbation amplitude and Re is a Reynolds number), and larger perturbations in which a nonlinear patch is created near the centreline of radius O(√ε). Our results provide an explanation of swirl experimentally observed by others, and a cautionary note for those concerned with numerical simulations of these flows, whether laminar or turbulent.

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Green, S. I., and A. J. Acosta. "Unsteady flow in trailing vortices." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 227 (June 1991): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112091000058.

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The instantaneous velocity distribution in trailing vortices generated by lifting hydrofoils has been measured in the Low Turbulence Water Tunnel at the California Institute of Technology. Two different rectangular planform hydrofoils with small aspect ratios were tested. Double-pulsed holography of injected microbubbles, which act much as Lagrangian flow tracers, was used to determine instantaneous axial and tangential velocities. Measurements were made at various free-stream velocities, angles of attack, and downstream distances. The vortex core mean axial velocity is consistently greater than the free-stream velocity near the hydrofoil trailing edge, and decreases with downstream distance. The mean axial velocity is strongly Reynolds-number dependent.Axial flow in the trailing vortex is highly unsteady for all the flow conditions studied; peak-to-peak fluctuations on the centreline as large as the free-stream velocity have been observed. The amplitude of these fluctuations falls rapidly with increasing distance from the centreline. For an angle of attack of 10° the fluctuations consist of both ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ components, whereas for α = 5° only ‘fast’ fluctuations have been observed. Peak decelerations of the centreline fluid occur with amplitude comparable to the maximum centripetal acceleration around the centreline. Certain unusual structures of the vortex core - regions in which the flow direction quickly diverges from the free-stream direction, and then equally quickly recovers - have been labelled ‘vortex kinks.’

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Li, Gaojin, Gareth H. McKinley, and Arezoo M. Ardekani. "Dynamics of particle migration in channel flow of viscoelastic fluids." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 785 (November 23, 2015): 486–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.619.

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The migration of a sphere in the pressure-driven channel flow of a viscoelastic fluid is studied numerically. The effects of inertia, elasticity, shear-thinning viscosity, secondary flows and the blockage ratio are considered by conducting fully resolved direct numerical simulations over a wide range of parameters. In a Newtonian fluid in the presence of inertial effects, the particle moves away from the channel centreline. The elastic effects, however, drive the particle towards the channel centreline. The equilibrium position depends on the interplay between the elastic and inertial effects. Particle focusing at the centreline occurs in flows with strong elasticity and weak inertia. Both shear-thinning effects and secondary flows tend to move the particle away from the channel centreline. The effect is more pronounced as inertia and elasticity effects increase. A scaling analysis is used to explain these different effects. Besides the particle migration, particle-induced fluid transport and particle migration during flow start-up are also considered. Inertial effects, shear-thinning behaviour, and secondary flows are all found to enhance the effective fluid transport normal to the flow direction. Due to the oscillation in fluid velocity and strong normal stress differences that develop during flow start-up, the particle has a larger transient migration velocity, which may be potentially used to accelerate the particle focusing.

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Li, M., and J. A. Brooks. "Mechanism of single centreline grain formation in titanium alloy welds." Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 3, no. 2 (April 1998): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/stw.1998.3.2.89.

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Irwin, John S. "Statistical evaluation of centreline concentration estimates by atmospheric dispersion models." International Journal of Environment and Pollution 14, no. 1/2/3/4/5/6 (2000): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2000.000524.

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Man, Yuyan, Xiaoli Zhou, Chi Zhang, Wei Yan, Zhengzheng Meng, Rong Chen, and Jufang Wei. "Study on the optical system of LED taxiway centreline light." Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 12, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1448837x.2015.1092997.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Centrelink'

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