Relevant bibliographies by topics / Centre vortices

Academic literature on the topic 'Centre vortices'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Centre vortices"

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Biddle, James, Waseem Kamleh, and Derek Leinweber. "Visualisations of Centre Vortices." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 06010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024506010.

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The centre vortex structure of the vacuum is visualised through the use of novel 3D visualisation techniques. These visualisations allow for a hands-on examination of the centre-vortex matter present in the QCD vacuum, and highlights some of the key features of the centre-vortex model. The connection between topological charge and singular points is also explored. This work highlights the useful role visualisations play in the exploration of the QCD vacuum.
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Stephenson, P. "Centre vortices and their friends." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 83-84, no. 1-3 (March 2000): 544–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(00)00302-9.

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Stephenson, P. W. "Centre vortices and their friends." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 83-84 (April 2000): 544–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(00)91733-x.

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Wang, Jinjun, Chong Pan, Kwing-So Choi, Lei Gao, and Qi-Xiang Lian. "Formation, growth and instability of vortex pairs in an axisymmetric stagnation flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 725 (May 23, 2013): 681–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.205.

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AbstractThe formation, growth and instability of a pair of counter-rotating vortices over a circular plate in the downstream of a thin fishing line were studied using particle image velocimetry and flow visualization. Initially, the vortex pair in an axisymmetric stagnation flow was small, but it grew steadily by accumulating the shear-layer vorticity of the wake before going through vortical instability. Two types of vortical development were observed in the present experiment. Type I was a common type of vortical development in an axisymmetric stagnation flow over a circular plate. Here, the circulation of the vortex pair increased linearly with time reflecting a constant flux of vorticity impinging on the plate wall. After the growth, the counter-rotating pair of vortices went through an antisymmetric deformation in the wall-normal direction while the vortex deformation was symmetric in the wall-parallel direction. This was remarkably similar to the short-wavelength elliptic instability of counter-rotating vortices in an open system. On the other hand, type II development of a vortex pair was a rare case, where the vortices grew for much longer duration than in type I cases. This initiated a breakdown of vortices before the residual vorticity moved away from the centre of the plate. It is considered that the disturbance due to vortical instability could be partially responsible for the unexpectedly high heat transfer rate in the stagnation region of bluff bodies that has been reported in the last half-century.
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Leinweber, Derek, James Biddle, Waseem Kamleh, and Adam Virgili. "Dynamical fermions, centre vortices, and emergent phenomena." EPJ Web of Conferences 274 (2022): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202227401002.

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The non-trivial ground-state vacuum fields of QCD form the foundation of matter. Here we examine the centre vortices identified within the ground-state fields of lattice QCD. We aim to understand the manner in which dynamical fermions in the QCD vacuum alter the centre-vortex structure. Using modern visualisation techniques, the centre-vortex structure of pure-gauge and dynamical-fermion fields is quantified and compared. We then explore the impact this modified structure has on measures of confinement and dynamical mass generation. The string tension of the static quark potential, positivityviolation in the gluon propagator, and dynamical mass generation in the overlap quark propagator are of particular interest. The impact of dynamical fermions is significant and provides new insights into the role of centre vortices in underpinning both confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in QCD.
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Leinweber, Derek B., Patrick O. Bowman, Urs M. Heller, Daniel-Jens Kusterer, Kurt Langfeld, and Anthony G. Williams. "Role of centre vortices in dynamical mass generation." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 161 (November 2006): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.08.065.

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VAN DE KONIJNENBERG, J. A., and G. J. F. VAN HEIJST. "Free-surface effects on spin-up in a rectangular tank." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 334 (March 10, 1997): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112096004296.

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The dependence of spin-up in a rectangular tank on deformation of the free surface is investigated experimentally. The results agree with earlier experimental and numerical data about the motion of vortices over topography. However, the presence of sidewalls appears to interact with the vortex drift induced by the surface topography. This combined effect provides a qualitative explanation for the observed behaviour of individual vortices. In particular, in the presence of free-surface deformation, cyclonic vortices in an elongated rectangle tend to drift away from the centre of the tank, so that their merging in the centre is discouraged.
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DAVYDOVA, T. A., and V. M. LASHKIN. "Drift-wave trapping by drift vortices." Journal of Plasma Physics 58, no. 1 (July 1997): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002237789700562x.

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The possibility for a drift dipole vortex to trap free drift waves is demonstrated. Drift perturbations can be trapped near the centre of the vortex or at its sides. The localization domain and eigenfrequencies of trapped modes are obtained.
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Griffiths, R. W., and E. J. Hopfinger. "Experiments with baroclinic vortex pairs in a rotating fluid." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 173 (December 1986): 501–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112086001246.

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When vortices are generated in one layer of a rotating, two-layer density stratification, the velocity field of each vortex is strongly baroclinic within a distance of order one Rossby radius from its centre. In this system there are two classes of vortex pairs: those pairs (consisting of vortices of opposite signs) for which the vortices are in the same layer, and those for which the vortices are in opposite layers. We pay particular attention to a laboratory demonstration of the properties of the latter class. These vortex pairs have the ability to transport density (or heat) in the horizontal, and provide a means for describing the release of potential energy by baroclinic instability. We also observe that interactions of real vortices and real vortex pairs differ from those computed for point vortices.
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Nycander, J. "The difference between monopole vortices in planetary flows and laboratory experiments." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 254 (September 1993): 561–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112093002253.

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This work is an attempt to explain observations of vortices in experiments with shallow water in rotating paraboloidal vessels. The most long-lived vortices are invariably anticyclones, while cyclones quickly disperse, and they are larger than the Rossby radius. These experiments are designed to simulate geophysical flows, where large, long-lived, anticyclonic vortices are common.The general condition for vortices to be steady is that they propagate faster than linear Rossby waves, so that the vortex energy is not dispersed by coupling to linear waves. The propagation velocity is determined by a general integral relation that gives the velocity of the centre of mass. In geophysical flows, to lowest order in the Rossby number, the difference between the centre-of-mass velocity and the maximum phase velocity of the Rossby waves is proportional to the relative perturbation of the fluid depth. Since for anticyclones the difference is positive they may be steady, whereas cyclones cannot be.In the laboratory experiments this velocity difference is absent because of the latitudinal dependence of the effective gravity caused by the centrifugal force. However, to the next order in the Rossby number, there is another nonlinear contribution, so that anticyclones (but not cyclones) still propagate faster than the linear Rossby waves, and may thus be steady. The velocity difference is smaller than for geophysical flows, and vanishes in the limit of small Rossby number. The existence conditions also show that we can expect the experimental vortices to be smaller (as measured by the Rossby radius) than the planetary vortices. The theory does not apply to vortices that are much smaller than the Rossby radius.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Centre vortices"

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Grigg, John Antony Hugh. "Superconductive Effects in Thin Cluster Films." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10376.

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In this thesis, the superconductive and superresistive properties of thin percolating films of lead nanoclusters are presented. The samples were created by depositing clusters from an inert gas aggregation cluster source onto substrates held at either room temperature or 10K. Observations of the characteristic behaviours of the samples were made through R(T ) and V (I) measurements. Several interesting features were observed - smooth and discrete steps in the R(I) curves, hysteresis between increasing and decreasing bias currents, and non-zero resistances at superconducting temperatures. Explanations are proposed in terms of theoretical models of several phenomena - phase slips, phase slip centres and hotspots - which have seen little prior application to percolating systems in literature.
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Vieira, Kleber Betini. "Aprisionamento dos Vortices de Abrikosov no 'MG' 'B IND. 2' atraves da adição de nanoparticulas de 'NI'." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258939.

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Orientadores: Edson Moschim, Oscar Ferreira de Lima
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T22:58:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_KleberBetini_M.pdf: 5146160 bytes, checksum: 696a41837ed744dda41722755ffb45c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Desde a descoberta do fenômeno da supercondutividade no diboreto de magnésio (MgB2) no ano 2001, a dinâmica dos vórtices neste material tem sido muito estudada, pois este fenômeno pode causar a destruição do estado supercondutor. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar o impacto no aprisionamento dos vórtices e analisar o comportamento da densidade de corrente crítica (Jc) em amostras de MgB2 misturadas com nanopartículas de níquel (Ni) em várias proporções. As amostras foram preparadas no National Physical Laboratory (Índia). Os pós de Mg e B foram misturados em proporções estequiométricas e mantidos em uma atmosfera de argônio (Ar) por 5h a 800 ºC. Em seguida, foram misturadas as nanopartículas de Ni com 0,5%, 1%, 2%, 3% e 5% em relação à massa da amostra de MgB2. A seguir elas foram homogeneizadas, prensadas e sinterizadas. Foram realizadas medições, em um sistema PPMS (Physical Property Measurement System) da Quantum Design, do: a) momento magnético em função da temperatura, para a determinação da temperatura crítica Tc das amostras; e b) momento magnético DC em função do campo magnético aplicado, para determinar o laço de histerese magnética das amostras. Com auxilio do Modelo de Bean foi determinada a corrente crítica Jc. Através de técnicas de mapeamento por imagem foram analisados: a) os domínios magnéticos presentes na amostra, através das técnicas de Microscopia de Força Atômica e de Força Magnética (AFM/MFM); e b) a granulometria média e homogeneidade, pela técnica de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura com detecção de Energias dos Raios-X Dispersos (MEV-EDX). Com o auxílio da Difração de Raios-X (DRX) foi analisada a formação da matriz de MgB2 e sua alteração com as adições do Ni, a formação de novos compostos e a presença de contaminantes. Através do nosso estudo podemos observar que as nanopartículas de Ni causaram o aprisionamento dos vórtices de Abrikosov, gerando um aumento na densidade de corrente crítica do MgB2. Apesar de uma pequena fração de Ni ter sido dissolvido na estrutura cristalina do MgB2, a degradação da temperatura crítica causada não é relevante frente ao aumento de Jc
Abstract: Since the discovery of the phenomenon of superconductivity in magnesium diboride (MgB2) in the year 2001, the vortex dynamics in this material has been widely studied, because this phenomenon can cause the destruction of the superconducting state. This study intends to assess the impact on the pinning of vortex and the behavior of the critical current density (Jc) in samples of MgB2, mixed with nickel nanoparticles in many proportions. Samples were prepared at the National Physical Laboratory (India). The Mg and B powders were mixed in stoichiometric proportion and maintained in an atmosphere of argon (Ar) for 5h at 800 °C. Then, they were mixed with the Ni nanoparticles in fractions of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 5% of the mass of the sample. After they were homogenized, pressed and sintered. The following measurements were performed in a PPMS (Physical Property Measurement System) of Quantum Design: a) magnetic moment as a function of temperature, for determining the critical temperature Tc of the samples, and b) DC magnetic moment as a function of applied magnetic field, to determine the magnetic hysteresis loop of the samples. Using the Bean Model the critical current (Jc) was determined. Through techniques of image mapping there were analyzed: a) the magnetic domains present in the sample, through the techniques of Atomic Force Microscopy, and Magnetic Force (AFM / MFM), and b) the average grain size and uniformity by the technique of Scanning Electron Microscopy with the detection of dispersive X-ray energies (SEM-EDX). With the aid of X-Rays Diffraction (DRX) there has been examined the formation of the matrix MgB2 and the effects of Ni additions, the formation of new compounds and the presence of contaminants. Through our study we could observe that the Ni nanoparticles of lead to the pinning of Abrikosov vortices, generating an increase in the critical current density of the MgB2. Despite a small fraction of Ni that was dissolved in the crystal structure of MgB2, the degradation of the critical temperature is not relevant in face of the Jc increase
Mestrado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Trewartha, Daniel. "Centre vortices underpin dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in SU(3) gauge theory." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/100768.

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The dynamical breaking of chiral symmetry is one of the key phenomena in QCD. It plays a vital role in explaining the QCD spectrum. The dynamical mass generation associated with the breaking of chiral symmetry is responsible for almost all of the mass of ground-state hadrons. The fundamental objects responsible for dynamical chiral symmetry breaking, however, remain elusive. In this thesis, we investigate the role of a class of topological objects, centre vortices, in dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in SU(3) gauge theory using lattice gauge theory. We describe in detail an algorithm for identifying centre vortices on the lattice and isolating their effects. This allows us to define ensembles with centre vortices removed and ensembles consisting solely of centre vortices. We study the effects of smoothing algorithms on centre vortices, and find a strong connection to instantons, topological objects known to be important in dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. Then, we use the quark propagator to probe dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. We show a loss of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking after vortex removal, and correspondingly an ability to recreate it using the centre-vortex information alone. We then study the ground-state hadron spectrum, and show that the removal of centre vortices results in a spectrum consistent with restored chiral symmetry. Moreover, we show how chiral symmetry remains broken on the vortex-only ensembles. Having examined multiple measures of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and found them to be in agreement, we conclude that centre vortices are the fundamental objects underlying dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in SU(3) gauge theory.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2016.
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Books on the topic "Centre vortices"

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Hickman, Miranda B. The geometry of modernism: The vorticist idiom in Lewis, Pound, H.D., and Yeats. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2005.

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Peppis, Paul. Literature, politics, and the English avant-garde: Nation and empire, 1901-1918. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

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The ruin of representation in modernist art and texts. Ann Arbor, Mich: UMI Research Press, 1986.

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Cornwall, John M. Non-Perturbative QCD and Center Vortices. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2021.

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Vorticism: New Perspectives. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2013.

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Proceedings of the NASA First Wake Vortex Dynamic Spacing Workshop: Proceedings of a workshop sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., and held at Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, May 13-15, 1997. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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A, Jaberi Farhad, Givi P, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. LES, DNS, and RANS for the analysis of high-speed turbulent reacting flows: Annual report submitted to NASA Langley Research Center : progress report ... under grant NAG 1-1122 for the period August 1, 1995 - July 31, 1996. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Geometry of Modernism: The Vorticist Idiom in Lewis, Pound, H. D. , and Yeats. University of Texas Press, 2006.

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Dworkin, Craig. Helicography. punctum books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0352.1.00.

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Part art history essay, part experimental fiction, part theoretical manifesto on the politics of equivalence, Helicography examines questions of scale in relation to Robert Smithson’s iconic 1970 artwork Spiral Jetty. In an essay and film made to accompany the earthwork, Smithson invites us to imagine the stone helix of his structure at various orders of magnitude, from microscopic molecules to entire galaxies. Taking up this invitation with an unrelenting and literal enthusiasm, Helicography pursues the implications of such transformations all the way to the limits of logic. If other spirals, from the natural to the man-made, were expanded or condensed to the size of Spiral Jetty, what are the consequences of their physical metamorphoses? What other equivalences follow in turn, and where do their surprising historical, cultural, and mechanical connections lead? This book considers a number of forms in order to find out: the fluid vortices of whirlpools, hurricanes, and galaxies; the delicate shells of snails and the threatening pose of rattlesnakes; prehistoric ferns and the turns of the inner ear; the monstrous jaws of ancient sharks; a baroque finial scroll on a bass viol; a 19th-century watch spring; phonograph discs and spooled film; the largest open-pit mine on the planet. The result is a narrative laboratory for the “science of imaginary solutions” proposed by Alfred Jarry (whose King Ubu also plays a central role in the story told here), a work of fictocriticism blurring form and content, and the story of a single instant in time lost in the deserts of the intermountain west.
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The Geometry of Modernism: The Vorticist Idiom in Lewis, Pound, H.D., and Yeats (Literary Modernism Series). University of Texas Press, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Centre vortices"

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Reinhardt, H. "Topology of Center Vortices." In Confinement, Topology, and Other Non-Perturbative Aspects of QCD, 277–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0502-9_30.

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Ge, Jun-Yi, Joffre Gutierrez, Valadimir N. Gladilin, Jacques Tempere, Jozef T. Devreese, and Victor V. Moshchalkov. "Vortex Deformation Close to a Pinning Center." In Vortices and Nanostructured Superconductors, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59355-5_1.

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Greensite, Jeff. "Confinement from Center Vortices I." In An Introduction to the Confinement Problem, 59–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51563-8_6.

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Greensite, Jeff. "Confinement from Center Vortices II." In An Introduction to the Confinement Problem, 93–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51563-8_7.

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Greensite, Jeff. "Confinement from Center Vortices III." In An Introduction to the Confinement Problem, 103–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51563-8_8.

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Greensite, Jeff. "Confinement from Center Vortices I." In An Introduction to the Confinement Problem, 55–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14382-3_6.

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Greensite, Jeff. "Confinement from Center Vortices II." In An Introduction to the Confinement Problem, 87–100. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14382-3_7.

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Gliozzi, F., M. Panero, and P. Provero. "Center Vortices, Magnetic Condensate and Confinement in a Simple Gauge System." In Confinement, Topology, and Other Non-Perturbative Aspects of QCD, 157–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0502-9_17.

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Grasso, F., and S. Pirozzoli. "Numerical Simulations of the Coupling Process of Compressible Vortices." In Computational Fluid Dynamics for the 21st Century, 336–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44959-1_21.

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Schuster, John A. "‘Waterworld’: Descartes’ Vortical Celestial Mechanics." In The Science of Nature in the Seventeenth Century, 35–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3703-1_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Centre vortices"

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O Cais, Alan, and Lorenz von Smekal. "Centre Vortices in SU(3)." In The XXV International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.042.0321.

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Kamleh, Waseem, James Biddle, Derek Leinweber, and Finn Stokes. "Emergent phenomena from centre vortices." In The 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.396.0588.

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Bowman, Patrick, Alan O. Cais, Kurt Langfeld, Derek Leinweber, Lorenz von Smekal, A. G. Williams, and Andre Sternbeck. "Centre vortices and the quark propagator." In VIIIth Conference Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.077.0056.

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Kamleh, Waseem, Derek Leinweber, and Daniel Trewartha. "Centre Vortices As The Origin Of Quark Confinement." In The 26th International Nuclear Physics Conference. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.281.0293.

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Biddle, James Crawford, Waseem Kamleh, and Derek Leinweber. "Centre Vortices in the Presence of Dynamical Fermions." In The 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.396.0287.

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Kamleh, Waseem, James Crawford Biddle, Derek Leinweber, and Adam Virgili. "Emergent phenomena from centre vortices in dynamical QCD." In The 39th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.430.0397.

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Kamleh, Waseem, Derek Leinweber, and Daniel Trewartha. "Centre vortices are the seeds of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking." In 34th annual International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.256.0353.

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Lei, Zhijun, Ali Mahallati, Mark Cunningham, and Patrick Germain. "Influence of Inlet Swirl on the Aerodynamics of a Model Turbofan Lobed Mixer." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39116.

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This paper presents a detailed experimental investigation of the influence of core flow inlet swirl on the mixing and performance of a 12-lobe un-scalloped turbofan mixer. Measurements were made downstream of the mixer in a co-annular wind tunnel. The core-to-bypass velocity ratio was set to 2:1, temperature ratio to 1.0, and pressure ratio to 1.03, giving a Reynolds number of 5.2×105, based on the core flow inlet velocity and equivalent hydraulic diameter. In the core flow, the background turbulence intensity was raised to 5% and the swirl angle was varied using five vane geometries, with nominally uniform swirl angles of 0°, 5°, 10°, 20° and 30°. Flow measurements captured flow structures involved in the mixing process. Most of mixing took place immediately downstream of the exit nozzle. The vane wake slightly enhanced large scale mixing of streamwise vortices. At low swirl angles, mixing was found to be mainly due to the interaction between streamwise vortices and normal vortices. At high swirl angles, the lobed mixer acted similar to a guide vane and removed most of the inlet swirl between the crest and trough of the mixer. However, the upstream swirling flow persisted in the core region between the center-body and lobed mixer trough, causing a reverse flow zone downstream of the centre-body. As the reversed flow became larger with increasing swirl, the swirling flow in the core region moved radially outwards and further interacted with the outer region flow. The stronger interaction of streamwise vortices with normal vortex improved mixing from the trough to the crest of the lobed mixer. The balance between enhanced mixing and increased reversed flow downstream of the centre-body, resulted in increased overall total pressure losses with increasing inlet swirl angles.
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Hayder, Mir M. "Wake Formation for an Oscillating Small-Incidence-Angle Cylinder Pair in Cross-Flow." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57078.

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The wake region of a pair of equal-diameter staggered circular cylinders in cross-flow is investigated experimentally for Reynolds numbers, based on the mean flow velocity, U, and the cylinder diameter, D, within the range 540 ≤ Re ≤ 755. The centre-to-centre pitch ratio and stagger angle of the cylinders at their mean position are P/D = 2.0 and α = 16°, respectively. In an earlier study, wake formation of a small-incident-angle cylinder pair was investigated for forced oscillation (transverse to the flow direction) of the upstream cylinder only. The present study is aimed to reveal the modification of the wake when the oscillation is shifted from the upstream to downstream cylinder or vice versa. Results with cylinder excitation frequencies in the range 0.07 ≤ feD/U ≤ 1.10 are reported. It is observed that for both upstream and downstream cylinder oscillations with frequency feD/U ≤ 0.10 the wake flow patterns remain essentially the same as those of the corresponding static cases. However, for frequency feD/U > 0.10 the wake undergoes considerable modification vis-a`-vis when the cylinders are stationary, and the flow pattern within the wake is strongly dependent on feD/U value. As also observed in the previous study, there are distinct regions of synchronization between the dominant wake periodicities and the cylinder oscillation over the whole range of feD/U. These synchronizations involve sub- and super-harmonics as well as fundamental synchronizations and are the result of the formation of two rows of vortices, one on either side of the combined wake of the cylinder pair. The manner in which the wake responds to the cylinder oscillation depends strongly on whether it is the upstream or downstream cylinder which is oscillating. Flow-visualization images suggests that the synchronizations on the mean-flow side of the downstream cylinder occur from the outer vortices shed by the downstream cylinder, and those on the mean-flow side of the upstream cylinder occur from the vortices formed by the interaction of the two gap shear layers and the outer shear layer separated from the upstream cylinder.
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10

Carscallen, W. E., H. U. Fleige, and J. P. Gostelow. "Transonic Turbine Vane Wake Flows." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-419.

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This paper summarizes the research on transonic turbine vane wake flows carried out in a Transonic Planar Cascade at the National Research Council of Canada between 1987 and 1995. The cascade used in the research is a large scale, continuously operating, inflow facility which was developed to study both flow phenomena and aerodynamics of turbine vanes. Research was initially directed at investigating the apparent redistribution of total temperature (energy) from the centre to the edge of the vane wake. This redistribution was found to be a real physical phenomenon that correlated extremely well with wake total pressure distributions indicating that the mechanism which redistributes the energy also has a direct effect on the losses associated with the vane wake. Both phenomena were found to be a function of Mach number in that the losses and the time-averaged total temperature difference between the centre and edge of the wake increased to a maximum as the Mach number approached 0.95 and then decreased by half as the Mach number was raised to 1.3. Following Kurosaka et al (1987) conclusion that the redistribution of energy behind a circular cylinder was caused by the vortices which were shed from the trailing edge an additional experimental program was initiated to study the details of the unsteady vane wakes by the use of high speed schlieren photographs and high frequency response transducers to measure unsteady static and total pressures. This research has confirmed that over the range of Mach numbers, from low to high subsonic, a von Karman vortex street is shed continuously from the vanes. What this research has revealed is that as the transonic regime is traversed, the von Karman vortex street still occurs but only as one of a number of different and highly transient vortex shedding patterns. This breakdown of the stable von Karman vortex street is associated with the migration of the origin of the vortices from the trailing edge of the vane to the nodal point formed by the trailing edge shock waves and the confluence of the two trailing edge shear layers. The cause of the redistribution of energy within the wake and of the high wake losses is the shedding of a continuous von Karman vortex street from the vane. In the subsonic flow regime the presence of a stable von Karman vortex street leads to high wake losses due to the depression of the base pressure while the redistribution of total temperature (energy) is caused by the combined pumping action of the vortices. The strength of the vortices and the above phenomena increase with increasing Mach number. As the transonic flow regime is encountered and the supersonic flow regime entered the coherent structures in the wake become unstable, less von Karman-like, and occur less frequently and the origin of the vortices migrates downstream. This leads to a significant elevation in base pressure and redistribution of energy, thereby implying that significant gains in engine stage efficiency can be realized by the destabilization or elimination of the von Karman vortex street from the vane wake.
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