Journal articles on the topic 'Central Queensland region'
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Morwood, M. J., and L. Godwin. "Archaeology of the Gyranda region, Dawson River, central Queensland." Queensland Archaeological Research 4 (January 1, 1987): 96–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.4.1987.174.
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This paper presents the results of survey and excavation in the upper Dawson area of the Central Queensland Sandstone Belt, a sandstone-dominated environment bounded by the townships of Banana in the east, Blackall in the west, Springsure in the north and Injune in the south, and which includes the Central Queensland Highlands (Walsh 1984:1). The work was undertaken as part of the environmental impact study for the Gyranda Weir commissioned by Cameron McNamara for the Queensland Water Resources Commission (Morwood 1985, 1986; Godwin 1985). However, the results of the study, and the potential of the area for future research, have a wider interest.
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Richardson, Phil, and Antony Wauchope. "Central Queensland hydrogen project." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S169—S172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21152.
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Renewable hydrogen is being heavily promoted around the world for energy storage, and to support the decarbonisation of energy systems. Queensland is well placed for hydrogen export to Asia and is actively working to make this a reality. Stanwell Corporation, together with its project partners Iwatani, APA Group, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Marubeni and Kansai Electric Power Company, is working to develop a commercial world-scale project to produce and export hydrogen from Gladstone to Japan, supporting Japan’s Net Zero by 2050 commitment. The size of the hydrogen production system (3 GW) is significant and as a first of a kind in Queensland raises several technical, regulatory and social challenges. To highlight the scale of the project, the renewable power generation to be installed to support this project will have a capacity equivalent to the current Queensland daily power demand. There are several challenges, one being that solar and wind energy resources by their nature are variable. Identifying and defining the mix of renewable energy to achieve a reliable power supply, and integrating this with the electrolyser systems, will be key to the success of the project. The upgrades required to existing power transmission infrastructure are significant, while additional water supply in the Gladstone region will be required. Finally, recent developments in Gladstone have created a boom–bust cycle and the social acceptance of this development requires ongoing engagement to address community concerns.
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Baniyounes, Ali, Gang Liu, M. G. Rasul, and M. M. K. Khan. "Review on Renewable Energy Potential in Australian Subtropical Region (Central and North Queensland)." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3846–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3846.
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In Australia the future demand for energy is predicted to increase rapidly. Conventional energy resources soaring prices and environmental impact have increased the interest in renewable energy technology. As a result of that the Australian government is promoting renewable energy; such as wind, geothermal, solar and hydropower. These types of energy are believed to be cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Renewable energy availability is controlled by climatic conditions such as solar radiation, wind speed and temperature. This paper aims to assess the potential of renewable energy resources, in particular wind and solar energy in an Australian subtropical region (Central and North Queensland) namely, Gladstone, Emerald, Rockhampton, Yeppoon, Townsville, and Cairns. Analysis is done by using the latest statistical state of Queensland energy information, along with measured data history of wind speed, solar irradiations, air temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure for those sites. This study has also shown that national assessments of solar and wind energy potential can be improved by improving local climatic data assessments using spatial databases of Central and North Queensland areas.
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Khan, Arifuzzaman, Kalie Green, Gulam Khandaker, Sheleigh Lawler, and Coral Gartner. "How can a coordinated regional smoking cessation initiative be developed and implemented? A programme logic model to evaluate the ‘10,000 Lives’ health promotion initiative in Central Queensland, Australia." BMJ Open 11, no. 3 (March 2021): e044649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044649.
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ObjectiveThis study used a programme logic model to describe the inputs, activities and outputs of the ‘10,000 Lives’ smoking cessation initiative in Central Queensland, Australia.DesignA programme logic model provided the framework for the process evaluation of ‘10,000 Lives’. The data were collected through document review, observation and key informant interviews and subsequently analysed after coding and recoding into classified themes, inputs, activities and outputs.SettingThe prevalence of smoking is higher in the Central Queensland region of Australia compared with the national and state averages. In 2017, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Services set a target to reduce the percentage of adults who smoke from 16.7% to 9.5% in the Central Queensland region by 2030 as part of their strategic vision (‘Destination 2030’). Achieving this target is equivalent to 20,000 fewer smokers in Central Queensland, which should result in 10,000 fewer premature deaths due to smoking-related diseases. To translate this strategic goal into an actionable smoking cessation initiative, the ‘10,000 Lives’ health promotion programme was officially launched on 1 November 2017.ResultThe activities of the initiative coordinated by a senior project officer included building clinical and community taskforces, organising summits and workshops, and regular communications to stakeholders. Public communication strategies (e.g., Facebook, radio, community exhibitions of ‘10,000 Lives’ and health-related events) were used to promote available smoking cessation support to the Central Queensland community.ConclusionThe ‘10,000 Lives’ initiative provides an example of a coordinated health promotion programme to increase smoking cessation in a regional area through harnessing existing resources and strategic partnerships (e.g., Quitline). Documenting and describing the process evaluation of the ‘10,000 Lives’ model is important so that it can be replicated in other regional areas with high prevalence of smoking.
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Smales, L. R., and T. H. Cribb. "Helminth Parasite Communities of the Water-rat, Hydromys chrysogaster, from Queensland." Wildlife Research 24, no. 4 (1997): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96074.
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The helminth fauna from 124 water-rats, Hydromys chrysogaster, collected from 33 localities in Queensland was analysed. A total of 45 species of helminths was found, comprising 2 acanthocephalans, 2 cestodes, 13 nematodes and 28 trematodes. The helminth community of the water-rats in the region north of latitude 18˚ (far north) was different from that of water-rats south of 18˚ (central); Sorensen’s Index 45·8% similarity, whereas Holmes and Podesta’s Index gave 32·1% similarity. Comparisons with data from water-rats from southern and Tasmanian regions showed that they were different from each other and from both Queensland regions. The helminth communities were characterised by high diversity, dominated by trematodes in the central and Tasmanian regions, but with nematodes becoming more prominent in the far northern and southern regions. No core or secondary species were found in the Queensland helminth communities, the southern community was suggestive of a bimodal distribution and the Tasmanian had two core species. A checklist of helminth species occurring in water-rats from eastern Australia is provided.
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Eales, Tony, Catherine Westcott, Ian Lilley, Sean Ulm, Deborah Brian, and Chris Clarkson. "Roof Fall Cave, Cania Gorge: Site Report." Queensland Archaeological Research 11 (December 1, 1999): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.11.1999.85.
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This site report presents a description of archaeological investigations undertaken at Roof Fall Cave, an occupied rockshelter and art site located at Cania Gorge, eastern Central Queensland. Excavation yielded quantities of stone artefacts, bone and charcoal, along with some freshwater mussel shell and ochre with an occupational sequence spanning from up to 18,576 cal BP to the historical period. Roof Fall Cave is currently the oldest dated site in Cania Gorge and possibly in the Central Queensland region.
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Schofield, Grant, Kerry Mummery, Wei Wang, and Geoff Dickson. "EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF GAMBLING IN THE NON-METROPOLITAN REGION OF CENTRAL QUEENSLAND." Australian Journal of Rural Health 12, no. 1 (February 2004): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2004.00544.x.
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Osten, V. A., S. R. Walker, A. Storrie, M. Widderick, P. Moylan, G. R. Robinson, and K. Galea. "Survey of weed flora and management relative to cropping practices in the north-eastern grain region of Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 1 (2007): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05141.
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The main weeds and weed management practices undertaken in broad acre dryland cropping areas of north-eastern Australia have been identified. The information was collected in a comprehensive postal survey of both growers and agronomists from Dubbo in New South Wales (NSW) through to Clermont in central Queensland, where 237 surveys were returned. A very diverse weed flora of 105 weeds from 91 genera was identified for the three cropping zones within the region (central Queensland, southern Queensland and northern NSW). Twenty-three weeds were common to all cropping zones. The major common weeds were Sonchus oleraceus, Rapistrum rugosum, Echinochloa spp. and Urochloa panicoides. The main weeds were identified for both summer and winter fallows, and sorghum, wheat and chickpea crops for each of the zones, with some commonality as well as floral uniqueness recorded. More genera were recorded in the fallows than in crops, and those in summer fallows exceeded the number in winter. Across the region, weed management relied heavily on herbicides. In fallows, glyphosate and mixes with glyphosate were very common, although the importance of the glyphosate mix partner differed among the cropping zones. Use and importance of pre-emergence herbicides in-crop varied considerably among the zones. In wheat, more graminicides were used in northern NSW than in southern Queensland, and virtually none were used in central Queensland, reflecting the differences in winter grass weed flora across the region. Atrazine was the major herbicide used in sorghum, although metolachlor was also used predominantly in northern NSW. Fallow and inter-row cultivation were used more often in the southern areas of the region. Grazing of fallows was more prominent in northern NSW. High crop seeding rates were not commonly recorded indicating that growers are not using crop competition as a tool for weed management. Although many management practices were recorded overall, few growers were using integrated weed management, and herbicide resistance has been and continues to be an issue for the region.
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Lane, Suzie, and Anne Kitchen. "Gladstone Energy Training Centre—building technical excellence for the Australasian region." APPEA Journal 55, no. 2 (2015): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14128.
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The Australian resource sector makes significant investment in its people and also places the highest priority on safe practices. To be competitive globally the sector needs to focus on and invest in education, training and competence to the highest of standards. The ongoing development of major CSG to LNG projects in Queensland has created an opportunity for an energy industry operations and maintenance training facility of world class respond to the regional demand for a skilled workforce. Central Queensland University (CQU) is establishing such a training facility through the recent merger of CQU and Central Queensland Institute of TAFE. The proposed training facility will create pathways from trade to professional streams to support workforce development, quality and adaptive capacity. The authors describe the collaborative approach between CQU and industry sectors to contextualise units of competency in selected industry required qualifications, as well as mapping the training for the Australian Qualifications Framework. The key to the success of the CQU-industry partnership will be a holistic, blended learning approach that incorporates leading industry practices and processes. The methodologies will include in-class, onsite, online, project-based simulations, and coaching and mentoring. This blended learning approach will ensure direct application of the learning conducted through CQU to the workplace of industry. In addition, it will be able to deliver the latest insights from cutting-edge research available through the university, opening a new avenue for the partnership to grow and deliver on industry-led initiatives.
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Bourne, AS, RW Sutherst, ID Sutherland, GF Maywald, and DA Stegeman. "Ecology of the cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) in subtropical Australia. III. Modelling populations on different breeds of cattle." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 2 (1988): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9880309.
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The numbers of cattle ticks, Boophi1us microplus, were counted on cattle, with different Bos indicus (zebu) content in central and southern Queensland, from November 1977 to May 1982. Concurrently, measurements were made of the survival rates of parasitic stages of the tick and of the success of free-living stages in producing larval progeny. These measurements were related to the tick burdens on the cattle in order to test current understanding of the ecology of the tick.Tick numbers increased exponentially with decreasing Bos indicus content. Tick numbers built up very rapidly on the Bos taurus cattle and resulted in deaths early in the first season, so the herd was replaced with animals of 25% zebu content. The pure zebu animals carried an average of five ticks per animal per day in central Queensland and only one in southern Queensland. The 50% zebu herds carried 65 ticks per day in central Queensland and 1 l in southern Queensland, compared with 79 and 37 on the 25% zebu herds at the two locations. During their brief time in the experiment the B. taurus animals carried 465 and 302 ticks per day in central and southern Queensland respectively.The observed tick infestation levels were estimated to cause annual losses of liveweight gain of 1, 14 and 17 kg in zebu, 50% zebu and 25% zebu animals respectively in central Queensland. Comparative figures for southern Queensland were 0, 2 and 8 kg. Compensatory liveweight gain would have reduced these losses by up to 6 kg. These data relate to animals which were breeding most of the time and hence were less resistant than dry cattle. The results indicate that B. microplus has been reduced to a marginal problem on animals with 50% zebu genes in the region. It is therefore difficull to justify any control measures in southern areas, particularly when they could increase the risk of babesiosis. Owners of B. taurus cattle will continue to be at risk of major losses in productivity.Changes in the tick burden on the herd5 were explained mostly by changes in survival rates of parasitic ticks in central Queensland and by changes in availability of larvae on the pastures in southern Queensland.
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Benfer, David, Andrew M. Baker, Tina Ball, Ian Gynther, Heather Janetzki, and Susan Fuller. "Conservation genetics of the water mouse, Xeromys myoides Thomas, 1889." Australian Journal of Zoology 62, no. 5 (2014): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14019.
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The water mouse, Xeromys myoides, is currently recognised as a vulnerable species in Australia, inhabiting a small number of distinct and isolated coastal regions of Queensland and the Northern Territory. An examination of the evolutionary history and contemporary influences shaping the genetic structure of this species is required to make informed conservation management decisions. Here, we report the first analysis undertaken on the phylogeography and population genetics of the water mouse across its mainland Australian distribution. Genetic diversity was assessed at two mitochondrial DNA (Cytochrome b, 1000 bp; D-loop, 400 bp) and eight microsatellite DNA loci. Very low genetic diversity was found, indicating that water mice underwent a recent expansion throughout their Australian range and constitute a single evolutionarily significant unit. Microsatellite analyses revealed that the highest genetic diversity was found in the Mackay region of central Queensland; population substructure was also identified, suggesting that local populations may be isolated in this region. Conversely, genetic diversity in the Coomera region of south-east Queensland was very low and the population in this region has experienced a significant genetic bottleneck. These results have significant implications for future management, particularly in terms of augmenting populations through translocations or reintroducing water mice in areas where they have gone extinct.
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Scott, K. D., K. S. Wilkinson, M. A. Merritt, L. J. Scott, C. L. Lange, M. K. Schutze, J. K. Kent, D. J. Merritt, P. R. Grundy, and G. C. Graham. "Genetic shifts in Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) over a year in the Dawson/Callide Valleys." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 8 (2003): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02164.
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Microsatellites were used to analyse 68 collections of Helicoverpa armigera in the Dawson/Callide Valleys in central Queensland. The study aimed to evaluate the genetic structure in this region over a 12-month period (September 2000–August 2001). The results detected genetic shifts in H. armigera collections, with genetic changes occurring month by month. Collections in any month were genetically distant from the preceding month's collections. There was no observed difference between collections of H. armigera from the Biloela region and those found in the Theodore region of central Queensland. The data support the current area-wide management strategies for H. armigera by reinforcing the importance and contribution of local management practices. The study also indicates a need for the continuation of regional or Australia-wide approaches to management of the low levels of immigration that are occurring, and for future high pest pressure years.
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Braithwaite, LW, M. Maher, SV Briggs, and BS Parker. "An Aerial Survey of 3 Game Species of Waterfowl (Family Anatidae) Populations in Eastern Australia." Wildlife Research 13, no. 2 (1986): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860213.
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Populations of waterfowl of three game species, the Pacific black duck Anus superciliosa, grey teal A. gibberifrons, and maned duck Chenonetta jubata, were assessed by aerial survey in October 1983 within a survey region of 2 697 000 km2 of eastern Australia. The numbers of each species were assessed on all surface waters of over 1 ha, and on a sample of smaller surface waters within 10 survey bands each 30 km wide and spaced at intervals of 2� latitude from 20�30' to 38�30'S. The area within the survey bands was 324 120 km2, which gave a sampling intensity of 12.0% of the land surface area. The area of features shown as wetlands or water impoundments within the survey bands on 1 : 2 500 000 topographic maps was 19 200 km2 or 11.2% of the total area of these features in the survey region. The area of surface waters surveyed was assessed at 465 300 ha. Assessments of populations of each species were tallied for wetlands by grid cells of 6 min of 1� longitude along the survey bands (258-309 km2 depending on latitude). Distributions were then mapped, with log*10 indices of populations in each cell. Distributions of the black duck and grey teal showed a pattern of intense aggregation in limited numbers of cells, that of the maned duck was more evenly distributed. The major concentrations of the Pacific black duck were recorded in northern New South Wales and the south-eastern, western, central eastern and central coastal regions of Queensland; those of the grey teal were in south-western, western and northern New South Wales and central-eastern Queensland; the maned duck was broadly distributed over inland New South Wales with the exception of the far west, inland southern Queensland, and central northern Victoria.
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Walker, SR, and GR Robinson. "Chlorsulfuron residues are not accumulating in soils of southern Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 2 (1996): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960223.
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Chlorsulfuron persistence was measured in soils (to a depth of 150 cm) at 4 sites in the winter cereal region of southern Queensland. The residual herbicide had been applied 6-14 times in the previous 7-14 years. Residues here measured using a bioassay based on suppression of root growth of maize (Zea mays cv. GH5010). Less than 3% of the total applied chlorsulfuron (96-210 g a.i./ha) was detected 6-12 months after the last application, and residues were <0.7 ng/g soil in the surface 30 cm, and <0.3 ng/g below 30 cm. The limited vertical movement of residues was associated with the herbicide being applied in early winter, several months before leaching rains. Changes in residue concentration with time were also measured at a site in central Queensland, and in a fallow management experiment in southern Queensland. Persistence was greater at the cooler, drier site in southern Queensland than in central Queensland; 4544% compared with 3 4 % of applied dose remained 3 months after application respectively. Stubble retention had no effect on persistence, but tillage during the summer fallow increased persistence slightly. There was no evidence of chlorsulfuron residues accumulating and only limited leaching in these alkaline agricultural soils of southern Queensland. Persistence within a season was influenced by soil and climatic factors.
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Francis, Glenn D., Michael Whitby, and Marion Woods. "Mycobacterium ulcerans infection: a rediscovered focus in the Capricorn Coast region of central Queensland." Medical Journal of Australia 185, no. 3 (August 2006): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00516.x.
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Hayward, M. A., P. R. Blake, P. R. Messenger, and A. Taube. "Significance of Middle Devonian granitoid‐bearing conglomerates in the Mt Morgan region, central Queensland." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 46, no. 4 (August 1999): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.1999.00722.x.
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Chamberlain, Debbie, Stuart Phinn, and Hugh Possingham. "Remote Sensing of Mangroves and Estuarine Communities in Central Queensland, Australia." Remote Sensing 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010197.
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Great Barrier Reef catchments are under pressure from the effects of climate change, landscape modifications, and hydrology alterations. With the use of remote sensing datasets covering large areas, conventional methods of change detection can expose broad transitions, whereas workflows that excerpt data for time-series trends divulge more subtle transformations of land cover modification. Here, we combine both these approaches to investigate change and trends in a large estuarine region of Central Queensland, Australia, that encompasses a national park and is adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage site. Nine information classes were compiled in a maximum likelihood post classification change analysis in 2004–2017. Mangroves decreased (1146 hectares), as was the case with estuarine wetland (1495 hectares), and saltmarsh grass (1546 hectares). The overall classification accuracies and Kappa coefficient for 2004, 2006, 2009, 2013, 2015, and 2017 land cover maps were 85%, 88%, 88%, 89%, 81%, and 92%, respectively. The cumulative area of open forest, estuarine wetland, and saltmarsh grass (1628 hectares) was converted to pasture in a thematic change analysis showing the “from–to” change. We generated linear regression relationships to examine trends in pixel values across the time series. Our findings from a trend analysis showed a decreasing trend (p value range = 0.001–0.099) in the vegetation extent of open forest, fringing mangroves, estuarine wetlands, saltmarsh grass, and grazing areas, but this was inconsistent across the study site. Similar to reports from tropical regions elsewhere, saltmarsh grass is poorly represented in the national park. A severe tropical cyclone preceding the capture of the 2017 Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) image was likely the main driver for reduced areas of shoreline and stream vegetation. Our research contributes to the body of knowledge on coastal ecosystem dynamics to enable planning to achieve more effective conservation outcomes.
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Phelps, David, and Dana Kelly. "Overcoming drought vulnerability in rangeland communities: lessons from central-western Queensland." Rangeland Journal 41, no. 3 (2019): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj18052.
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Drought and climate variability are an increasing global problem, especially in rangelands which may lack robust socioeconomic systems. Vulnerability is being applied in drought and climate change policy theory, by describing exposure and sensitivity factors, and adaptive capacity. In this paper we examine these vulnerability factors in central-western Queensland (CWQ), Australia, as a case study to test the idea that vulnerability and resilience must be considered together to build strong and enduring rangeland communities. The region’s economy and employment are strongly coupled with rain-fed agriculture. Drought is a key risk to CWQ communities, with 13 extended droughts recorded since 1898. The region has been officially in drought since 2013 following well below-average rainfall, and remains in drought in 2019. The impact has led to reductions in town business turnover of 30–60%, loss of livelihoods and outmigration of 20%. Outmigration corresponds to the recent periods of drought. Social networks have been destabilised, highlighting that the cascading impacts of drought are complex, interrelated and affect the whole community. Regionally led responses have helped to re-build social cohesion, provide mental health support and stimulate economic activity and employment. These actions provide examples of a systemic, whole-of-community approach, that (1) captures place-based advantages; (2) enhances internal and external socioeconomic networks; (3) engages meaningfully through multi-level consultation; and (4) seeks to build sustained financial investment. A common theme of success is partnerships which provide external support for regionally-identified issues and solutions. There has been considerable investment of public, philanthropic and private funds in drought relief and infrastructure programs. This has occurred through a whole-of-community approach, and suggests a move towards policy which aims to build long-term regional resilience. CWQ has linked vulnerability and resilience by asking of both internally and externally led drought relief ‘will this action build or undermine community resilience’. This approach could also be applied to the design of drought policies and responses in other rangeland regions.
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Barker, Bryce. "Nara Inlet 1: a Holocene sequence from the Whitsunday Islands, central Queensland coast." Queensland Archaeological Research 6 (January 1, 1989): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.6.1989.137.
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This paper reports an archaeological excavation at Nara Inlet, Hook Island, one of the Whitsunday group off the central Queensland coast. The site, Nara Inlet 1, is a large rockshelter which returned a non-basal 14C date of 8150±80 bp. The excavation forms part of a wider study investigating prehistoric island use by Aborigines of the Whitsunday region as well as archaeological change in the Holocene Period.
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McMahon, Mary, and Kylie Rixon. "The Career Development of Rural Queensland Children." Australian Journal of Career Development 16, no. 2 (July 2007): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841620701600207.
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The present study examined the occupational aspirations and career development influences of children attending Years 6 and 7 at a sample of rural and remote primary schools in the central western region of Queensland. Data was collected by means of the Revised Career Awareness Survey (McMahon & Patton, 2001). Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO) codes were used to analyse the participants' occupational aspirations and the Systems Theory Framework categories were used to analyse the influences on their career development. The children's occupational aspirations were compared with state and regional labour market information. Recommendations related to career development interventions in the context of the school, family and community and future research are made.
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Baxter, G. S., E. J. Moll, and Allan T. Lisle. "Pasture grazing by black-striped wallabies (Macropus dorsalis) in central Queensland." Wildlife Research 28, no. 3 (2001): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99051.
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Black-striped wallabies (Macropus dorsalis) are uncommon to rare in most of their former range, yet in parts of central Queensland where they are still locally common they are regarded as a serious pasture pest. There is considerable pressure from cattle graziers to reduce their density because of the putative damage that they cause to cattle pasture. Here we examined the effects of this species and other herbivores on pasture by monitoring vegetation cover between 1993 and 1998 in exclosures in brigalow, and poplar box communities on three grazing properties in the Maranoa region. The exclosures selectively allowed access to either: all vertebrate grazers including cattle; rabbits, bettongs, and wallabies; rabbits and bettongs; no vertebrate grazers. The greatest effects on the structure and species composition of pasture were caused by cattle, but wallabies did consume commercially important quantities of grass at some times of the year. This conflicts with local opinion that sees wallabies as the major cause of pasture degradation. Herein lies the management problem that sees continued reduction in wallaby habitat, and fragmentation of the species.
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Burnard, Delaney, Michelle J. Bauer, Caitlin Falconer, Ian Gassiep, Robert E. Norton, David L. Paterson, and Patrick NA Harris. "Clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from north Queensland carry diverse bimABm genes that are associated with central nervous system disease and are phylogenomically distinct from other Australian strains." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 6 (June 14, 2022): e0009482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009482.
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Background Burkholderia pseudomallei is an environmental gram-negative bacterium that causes the disease melioidosis and is endemic in many countries of the Asia-Pacific region. In Australia, the mortality rate remains high at approximately 10%, despite curative antibiotic treatment being available. The bacterium is almost exclusively found in the endemic region, which spans the tropical Northern Territory and North Queensland, with clusters occasionally present in more temperate climates. Despite being endemic to North Queensland, these infections remain understudied compared to those of the Northern Territory. Methodology/Principal findings This study aimed to assess the prevalence of central nervous system (CNS) disease associated variant bimABm, identify circulating antimicrobial resistance mutations and genetically distinct strains from Queensland, via comparative genomics. From 76 clinical isolates, we identified the bimABm variant in 20 (26.3%) isolates and in 9 (45%) of the isolates with documented CNS infection (n = 18). Explorative analysis suggests a significant association between isolates carrying the bimABm variant and CNS disease (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3–6.0, P = 0.009) compared with isolates carrying the wildtype bimABp. Furthermore, 50% of isolates were identified as novel multi-locus sequence types, while the bimABm variant was more commonly identified in isolates with novel sequence types, compared to those with previously described. Additionally, mutations associated with acquired antimicrobial resistance were only identified in 14.5% of all genomes. Conclusions/Significance The findings of this research have provided clinically relevant genomic data of B. pseudomallei in Queensland and suggest that the bimABm variant may enable risk stratification for the development CNS complications and be a potential therapeutic target.
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Boreham, C. J., and R. A. de Boer. "ORIGIN OF GILMORE GAS AND OIL, ADAVALE BASIN, CENTRAL QUEENSLAND." APPEA Journal 38, no. 1 (1998): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97019.
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Dry gas in the Gilmore Field of the Adavale Basin has been sourced from both wet gas associated with oil generation, together with methane from a deep, overmature source. The latter gas input is further characterised by a high nitrogen content co-generated with isotopically heavy methane and carbon dioxide. The eastern margin of the Lissoy Sandstone principal reservoir unit contains the higher content of overmature dry gas supporting reservoir compiirtmenmlisalion and a more favourable migration pathway to this region. The combination of a molecular and multi-element isotopic approach is an effective tool for the recognition of an overmature, dry gas source. This deep source represents a play concept that previously has been undervalued and may be more widespread within Australian sedimentary basins.The maturity level of the wet gas and associated oil are identical, having reached an equivalent vitrinite reflectance of 1.4−1.6 per cent. Modelling studies support the concept of local Devonian source rocks for the wet gas and oil. Reservoir filling from late stage, high maturity oil and gas generation and expulsion, was a result of reactivation of petroleum generation from Devonian source rocks during the Early Cretaceous. The large input of dry gas from a deeper and highly overmature source is a more recent event. This gas can fractionally displace condensable C2+ liquids already in the reservoir possibly allowing tertiary migration into younger reservoirs, or adjacent structures.Oil recovered from Gilmore-2 has been sourced from Devonian marine organic matter, deposited under mildly evaporitic, restricted marine conditions. The most likely source rocks in the Adavale Basin are the basal marine shale of the Log Creek Formation, algal shales at the top of the Lissoy Sandstone, and the Cooladdi Dolomite. Source-sensitive biomarkers and carbon isotope composition of the Gilmore-2 oil have much in common with other Devonian-sourced oils from the Bonaparte and Canning basins. The chemical link between western and eastern Australian Devonian oils may suggest diachronous development of source rocks over a wide extent. This implies that the source element of the Devonian Petroleum Supersystem may be present in other sedimentary basins.
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GUNTER, NICOLE L., and THOMAS A. WEIR. "Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): key to species groups and description of 14 new species from the L. pygmaeus species group." Zootaxa 4564, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.2.
Full textAbstract:
Lepanus Balthasar, 1966 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) is one of the most diverse genera of dung beetles in Australasia and includes large numbers of undescribed species. This publication is the first part in an ongoing revision of the Australian members of this genus and outlines ten informal species groups. Fourteen new species that are similar to Lepanus pygmaeus (Macleay, 1888) are described here: Lepanus mckenziei new species from the Pilbara region of Western Australia; Lepanus sauroni new species from coastal regions of the Northern Territory and the Kimberley region of Western Australia; Lepanus gubara new species, Lepanus pecki new species, Lepanus podocarp new species and Lepanus pungalina new species from the Top End, Northern Territory; Lepanus lentil new species from the Top End, Northern Territory and central Queensland; Lepanus crenidens new species, Lepanus lingziae new species, and Lepanus menendezae new species from northern Queensland; Lepanus andersonorum new species, and Lepanus tozerensis new species from Cape York Peninsula, far north Queensland; Lepanus feehani new species from the Australian Wet Tropics; and Lepanus guthrieae new species from the east to west coast of northern Australia. Lepanus pygmaeus is redescribed and a lectotype designated for it. A lectotype is designated for Panelus arthuri Blackburn, 1900. The synonymy of L. pygmaeus with P. arthuri is confirmed. A key to species groups within Lepanus is provided, as well as a key to species in the L. pygmaeus species group.
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Cortes-Ramirez, Javier, Darren Wraith, Peter D. Sly, and Paul Jagals. "Mapping the Morbidity Risk Associated with Coal Mining in Queensland, Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 21, 2022): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031206.
Full textAbstract:
The populations in the vicinity of surface coal mining activities have a higher risk of morbidity due to diseases, such as cardiovascular, respiratory and hypertensive diseases, as well as cancer and diabetes mellitus. Despite the large and historical volume of coal production in Queensland, the main Australian coal mining state, there is little research on the association of coal mining exposures with morbidity in non-occupational populations in this region. This study explored the association of coal production (Gross Raw Output—GRO) with hospitalisations due to six disease groups in Queensland using a Bayesian spatial hierarchical analysis and considering the spatial distribution of the Local Government Areas (LGAs). There is a positive association of GRO with hospitalisations due to circulatory diseases (1.022, 99% CI: 1.002–1.043) and respiratory diseases (1.031, 95% CI: 1.001–1.062) for the whole of Queensland. A higher risk of circulatory, respiratory and chronic lower respiratory diseases is found in LGAs in northwest and central Queensland; and a higher risk of hypertensive diseases, diabetes mellitus and lung cancer is found in LGAs in north, west, and north and southeast Queensland, respectively. These findings can be used to support public health strategies to protect communities at risk. Further research is needed to identify the causal links between coal mining and morbidity in non-occupational populations in Queensland.
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Ulm, Sean, and Ian Lilley. "The Archaeology of the Southern Curtis Coast: An Overview." Queensland Archaeological Research 11 (December 1, 1999): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.11.1999.87.
Full textAbstract:
Since 1993 archaeological surveys and excavations have been undertaken on the southern Curtis Coast as the coastal component of the Gooreng Gooreng Cultural Heritage Project. This paper briefly outlines the physical environment of the study region including geology, vegetation and fauna communities before presenting the preliminary results of archaeological surveys and excavations. These initial results suggest that the region has an extensive mid-to-late Holocene archaeological record that has the potential to contribute to understandings of changes in late Holocene Aboriginal societies in Central Queensland.
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EWART, A., L. W. POPPLE, and K. B. R. HILL. "Five new species of grass cicadas in the genus Graminitigrina (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae: Cicadettini) from Queensland and Northern Territory, Australia: comparative morphology, songs, behaviour and distributions." Zootaxa 4228, no. 1 (February 7, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4228.1.1.
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Five new species of small grass cicadas belonging to the genus Graminitigrina Ewart and Marques are described, together with detailed analyses of their calling songs. Four species occur in Queensland, G. aurora n. sp. from eastern central Queensland near Fairbairn Dam; G. flindensis n. sp. from central Queensland between Hughenden northwards for at least 108 km; G. einasleighi n. sp. from near The Lynd, Einasleigh River, northeastern Queensland; G. selwynensis n. sp. from the Selwyn Range, northwestern Queensland, at locations about 40 km east of Mount Isa and 25 km southwest of Cloncurry, this latter here transferred from G. bowensis Ewart and Marques; G. uluruensis n. sp. from Uluru and the Olgas in southwestern Northern Territory, extending northwards through Tennant Creek and apparently further north to near Larrimah, a linear distance of approximately 1190 km. These new species bring the known Graminitigrina species to ten, all superficially similar in colour and morphology. A key to male specimens is provided for the 10 species. Additional distribution records and additional aural song recordings are presented for G. bowensis, these requiring the transfer of populations previously identified as G. bowensis from Croydon and Georgetown, northern Gulf region, to G. karumbae Ewart and Marques. Detailed comparative analyses, including NMDS analyses, of the songs of all 10 species are provided, which show that the song parameters are appropriate to distinguish the species, although some partial overlap is noted in the waveform plots between the songs of G. uluruensis n. sp. and G. flindensis n. sp. Regional variations of song parameters are noted in the calling songs of most of the species described.
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Rolfe, J., R. Blamey, and J. Bennett. "Valuing the preservation of rangelands: Tree clearing in the desert uplands region of Queensland." Rangeland Journal 22, no. 2 (2000): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj0000205.
Full textAbstract:
Tree clearing to improve pasture production for beef cattle is becoming more commonplace in the rangeland zone in Queensland. In parts of the Desert Uplands region of Central Queensland, current clearing rates are among the highest in Australia. The state government, in granting permits for clearing, has to balance the improved production benefits, accruing mostly to pastoralists, against the biodiversity losses, which are borne more widely by Australian society. In the current debate over clearing restrictions, little information exists about the values that society may hold for the preservation of rangelands. To address this deficiency, a choice modelling study was undertaken to provide estimates of the benefits of retaining remnant vegetation that are appropriate for inclusion in a benefit cost analysis of tighter clearing restrictions. Attributes included in the choice model were reductions in the population size of non-threatened species and unique ecosystems, the number of endangered species lost to the region, and changes in regional income and employment. The benefits estimated for individual attributes, and for some more restrictive policy settings are reported. Key words: remnant native vegetation, economic valuation, grazing industry, pasture development, choice modelling
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Chamberlain, Debbie A., Stuart R. Phinn, and Hugh P. Possingham. "Mangrove Forest Cover and Phenology with Landsat Dense Time Series in Central Queensland, Australia." Remote Sensing 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 3032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13153032.
Full textAbstract:
Wetlands are one of the most biologically productive ecosystems. Wetland ecosystem services, ranging from provision of food security to climate change mitigation, are enormous, far outweighing those of dryland ecosystems per hectare. However, land use change and water regulation infrastructure have reduced connectivity in many river systems and with floodplain and estuarine wetlands. Mangrove forests are critical communities for carbon uptake and storage, pollution control and detoxification, and regulation of natural hazards. Although the clearing of mangroves in Australia is strictly regulated, Great Barrier Reef catchments have suffered landscape modifications and hydrological alterations that can kill mangroves. We used remote sensing datasets to investigate land cover change and both intra- and inter-annual seasonality in mangrove forests in a large estuarine region of Central Queensland, Australia, which encompasses a national park and Ramsar Wetland, and is adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage site. We built a time series using spectral, auxiliary, and phenology variables with Landsat surface reflectance products, accessed in Google Earth Engine. Two land cover classes were generated (mangrove versus non-mangrove) in a Random Forest classification. Mangroves decreased by 1480 hectares (−2.31%) from 2009 to 2019. The overall classification accuracies and Kappa coefficient for 2008–2010 and 2018–2020 land cover maps were 95% and 95%, respectively. Using an NDVI-based time series we examined intra- and inter-annual seasonality with linear and harmonic regression models, and second with TIMESAT metrics of mangrove forests in three sections of our study region. Our findings suggest a relationship between mangrove growth phenology along with precipitation anomalies and severe tropical cyclone occurrence over the time series. The detection of responses to extreme events is important to improve understanding of the connections between climate, extreme weather events, and biodiversity in estuarine and mangrove ecosystems.
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Birkett, Charles. "A site catchment analysis: Walkunder Arch Cave, near Chillagoe, North Queensland." Queensland Archaeological Research 2 (January 1, 1985): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.2.1985.199.
Full textAbstract:
Walkunder Arch Cave, is a rich archaeological site with evidence of repeated human occupation during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. It is located at the central base of Cape York Peninsula, North Queensland (144º 31'E and 17º 13'S) some 10km south of the township of Chillagoe. The site lies at the southern end of a belt of fossiliferous limestone towers which extends about 100km northwards into the Palmerville district. Numerous art sites have been discovered in the Chillagoe-Palmerville area but the Walkunder Arch region is particularly rich in archaeological campsites.
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BARNETT, LEONIE J., LESLEY R. SMALES, and THOMAS H. CRIBB. "A complex of putative acanthocolpid cercariae (Digenea) from Nassarius olivaceus and N. dorsatus (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) in Central Queensland, Australia." Zootaxa 1705, no. 1 (February 18, 2008): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1705.1.2.
Full textAbstract:
Cercariae capricornia I–VI, six new cercariae putatively identified as belonging to the Acanthocolpidae, are described and named from prosobranch gastropods of the family Nassariidae collected from the intertidal zone in the Capricornia region, Central Queensland, Australia. Four species are reported from Nassarius olivaceus and two from N. dorsatus. The cercariae have a unique and complex three-dimensional body shape, including a keel, which differentiates them from previously described acanthocolpid cercariae. These are the first cercariae to be described from these gastropods.
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Islam, F. M. Amirul, Saleh A. Wasimi, and Graham R. Wood. "Macro-scale influence of climate on crop production in the Fitzroy catchment of Central Queensland." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 4 (1999): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a96138.
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When the dynamics of a system is too complex to be analytically modelled, it has been found useful to assume that expected values of explanatory variables generate expected values of the response variable, and hence, deviations from the expected value of the response variable can be modelled by a Linear Perturbation Model (LPM) of the explanatory variables. This method is used in this study to develop a technique to update crop forecasts where climate is a major factor in crop production. The study is important because modern cultivars, which are the result of genetic gains, are sensitive to climatic variability, and recent studies with general circulation models suggest that one of the consequences of an increase in greenhouse gases may be greater variability in the climate of a region. The usefulness of the LPM technique in the study of agriculture–climate relationships is tested through application to the Fitzroy catchment in Central Queensland. Since no reported climatic change is yet occurring in the region, the expected values for climatic conditions are obtained through averaging. By contrast, the expected values of crop yield are obtained from trend analysis; such trends are mainly attributable to genetic gains in the recent past. Three crops (wheat, barley, and sunflower) have been studied. Deviations (or perturbations) in crop yields are related, in the framework of LPM, to deviations in minimum, maximum, and average values of rainfall, temperature, and humidity at planting, flowering, and harvesting time. The most significant climatic factors affecting deviations in crop yield are identified. Regression models are developed which are capable of filtering and updating crop forecasts due to any unexpected climatic conditions, assuming consistent genetic trends and management practices.
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Cochrane, Grant W. G. "The significance of Levallois and discoidal technology in the Arcadia Valley, south central Queensland." Queensland Archaeological Research 17 (May 8, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.17.2014.229.
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<p>An analysis of stone artefacts from the Arcadia Valley in south central Queensland is used to develop a core reduction sequence model for the region. During the initial construction of this model, core types are identified that reflect phases or end points in reduction trajectories. The model shows that core reduction methods employed in the Arcadia Valley during the mid-to-late Holocene included Levallois, discoidal, prismatic and burin blade core methods, along with less formal reduction strategies. In recognition of the equifinality of many reduction processes, the model has a flexible structure. Hence the prevalence of the various core reduction methods, and their relationships to each other, may be the subject of a range of hypothetical scenarios which can be tested by employing multiple lines of additional evidence. Following this procedure, it is concluded that Levallois and discoidal methods may account for close to half of the artefact assemblage, while less formal methods were also very common.</p>
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Chauhan, Yashvir S., and Merrill Ryan. "Frost Risk Management in Chickpea Using a Modelling Approach." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040460.
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Post-flowering frosts cause appreciable losses to the Australian chickpea industry. The Northern Grains Region (NGR) of Australia, which accounts for nearly 95% of chickpea production in Australia, is frequently subjected to such events. The objective of this study was to map frost risk in chickpea in the NGR and develop strategies to minimise the impacts of such risk. The Agricultural Production System Simulator (APSIM) modelling framework was used to determine spatial and temporal trends in post-flowering frost risk. The NGR could be divided into six broad sub-regions, each delineating locations with similar frost risk. The risk was nearly two to three times greater in the Southern Downs and Darling Downs sub-regions as compared to the Central Queensland Highlands, Dawson Callide, New South Wales, and Northern New South Wales–Western Downs sub-regions. There was an increasing trend in the frequency of frost events in the Southern Downs and New South Wales sub-regions, and a decreasing trend in the Central Queensland Highlands and Dawson Callide sub-regions, consistent with the changing climate of the NGR. In each sub-region, frost risk declined with delayed sowings, but such sowings resulted in simulation of reduced water limited yield potential (unfrosted) as well. The model output was also used to compute 10, 30, 50, and 70% probabilities of the last day of experiencing −3 to 2 °C minimum temperatures and identify the earliest possible sowings that would avoid such temperatures after flowering. Choosing the earliest sowing times with a 30% frost risk could help increase overall yields in environments with high frost risk. Simulations involving genotype x environment x management interactions suggested additional opportunities to minimise frost losses through the adoption of particular cultivars of differing phenology and the use of different agronomy in various environments of the NGR. The study indicates that there is considerable variation in frost risk across the NGR and that manipulating flowering times either through time of sowing or cultivar choice could assist in minimising yield losses in chickpea due to frost.
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Armstrong, R. D., K. Walsh, K. J. McCosker, G. R. Millar, M. E. Probert, and S. Johnson. "Improved nitrogen supply to cereals in Central Queensland following short legume leys." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 3 (1997): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96129.
Full textAbstract:
Summary. The growth and ability of 12 summer-growing annual and perennial legumes to fix nitrogen and the response of a subsequent wheat crop was examined in a field trial on a deep cracking clay soil in the Central Highlands of Queensland. Twelve legumes [Lablab purpureus cv. Highworth, Vigna radiata cv. Satin, Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro, Medicago sativa cv. Trifecta, Vigna trilobata (CPI 13671), Macroptilium bracteatum (CPI 27404), Glycine latifolia (CQ 3368), Desmanthus virgatus cv. Marc, Desmanthus virgatus cv. Bayamo, Stylosanthes sp. aff scabra (104710), Clitoria ternatea cv. Milgarra, Cajanus cajan cv. Quest)] and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor cv. Tulloch) as a non-legume control were established in November 1994 and their growth monitored until March 1995. The legumes averaged greater than 5 t/ha dry matter production and 77 kg N/ha (above-ground only). Dry matter production ranged from less than 2 t/ha for G. latifolia and M. sativa to greater than 9 t/ha for D. virgatus cv. Bayamo and C. cajan. Annual legumes initially had much higher relative growth rates than the perennial legumes but they rapidily exhausted all the plant available water content of the soil thus allowing the well-established perennials to eventually match this production. The proportion of plant nitrogen (above ground) derived from N2 fixation was generally low, reflecting high soil NO3, but varied widely between species ranging from less than 20% for D. virgatus cv. Marc and G. latifolia to over 45% for C. ternatea, S. scabra and V. trilobata. The quantity of nitrogen derived from fixation was correlated with above-ground dry matter and nitrogen content. There was a significant (P<0.05) growth response by wheat following legumes compared with that following sorghum in the increasing order V. radiata = M. atropurpureum = L. purpureus > C. cajan = M. sativa = V. trilobata = M. bracteatum = G. latifolia > S. scabra = D. virgatus = C. ternatea. Previous legume growth had no significant (P>0.05) effect on yield or nitrogen concentration in a second ‘plant-back’ crop (sorghum). It was concluded that a wide range of pasture-ley legumes have the potential to improve cereal crop production in this region.
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Rolfe, John, Juliana McCosker, and Jill Windle. "Identifying the incentives that graziers in central-western Queensland need to manage land for conservation outcomes." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 3 (2008): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07002.
Full textAbstract:
Opportunities exist in rangeland areas for changed grazing management practices to have positive environmental outcomes. It is important to understand what productivity tradeoffs may be involved with these changes, so as to build trust with landholders, understand how incentives for different management systems might be structured, and predict (and ameliorate) potential socio-economic impacts on regional communities. However, the complexity of agricultural and natural systems and gaps in understanding and data mean that it is very difficult to predict accurately the economic impacts of changing management actions. In this paper, the use of experimental auctions is reported as an alternative mechanism for predicting economic impacts. The methodology used was a series of field experiments, where landholders from the Desert Uplands region participated in conservation auction workshops, using ‘dummy’ properties to design proposals. Using their knowledge of the region, participants had to design a conservation area or corridor across their dummy property, and then identify what annual payment would be needed before they would enter into a five year conservation agreement. An evaluation of the bids shows that the bid values may be influenced by several socio-economic and attitudinal factors as well as the opportunity costs involved in changed production. The mechanism provides a promising way of evaluating the opportunity costs of changing management practices and trialling conservation auction approaches.
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Liang, Chun Xia, Floris F. van Ogtrop, and R. Willem Vervoort. "Detecting the impact of land cover change on observed rainfall." PeerJ 7 (August 26, 2019): e7523. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7523.
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Analysis of observational data to pinpoint impact of land cover change on local rainfall is difficult due to multiple environmental factors that cannot be strictly controlled. In this study we use a statistical approach to identify the relationship between removal of tree cover and rainfall with data from best available sources for two large areas in Australia. Gridded rainfall data between 1979 and 2015 was used for the areas, while large scale (exogenous) effects were represented by mean rainfall across a much larger area and climatic indicators, such as Southern Oscillation Index and Indian Ocean Dipole. Both generalised additive modelling and step trend tests were used for the analysis. For a region in south central Queensland, the reported change in tree clearing between 2002–2005 did not result in strong statistically significant precipitation changes. On the other hand, results from a bushfire affected region on the border of New South Wales and Victoria suggest significant changes in the rainfall due to changes in tree cover. This indicates the method works better when an abrupt change in the data can be clearly identified. The results from the step trend test also mainly identified a positive relationship between the tree cover and the rainfall at p < 0.1 at the NSW/Victoria region. High rainfall variability and possible regrowth could have impacted the results in the Queensland region.
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Henry, Beverley K., D. Butler, and S. G. Wiedemann. "A life cycle assessment approach to quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from land-use change for beef production in eastern Australia." Rangeland Journal 37, no. 3 (2015): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj14112.
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In life cycle assessment studies, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from direct land-use change have been estimated to make a significant contribution to the global warming potential of agricultural products. However, these estimates have a high uncertainty due to the complexity of data requirements and difficulty in attribution of land-use change. This paper presents estimates of GHG emissions from direct land-use change from native woodland to grazing land for two beef production regions in eastern Australia, which were the subject of a multi-impact life cycle assessment study for premium beef production. Spatially- and temporally consistent datasets were derived for areas of forest cover and biomass carbon stocks using published remotely sensed tree-cover data and regionally applicable allometric equations consistent with Australia’s national GHG inventory report. Standard life cycle assessment methodology was used to estimate GHG emissions and removals from direct land-use change attributed to beef production. For the northern-central New South Wales region of Australia estimates ranged from a net emission of 0.03 t CO2-e ha–1 year–1 to net removal of 0.12 t CO2-e ha–1 year–1 using low and high scenarios, respectively, for sequestration in regrowing forests. For the same period (1990–2010), the study region in southern-central Queensland was estimated to have net emissions from land-use change in the range of 0.45–0.25 t CO2-e ha–1 year–1. The difference between regions reflects continuation of higher rates of deforestation in Queensland until strict regulation in 2006 whereas native vegetation protection laws were introduced earlier in New South Wales. On the basis of liveweight produced at the farm-gate, emissions from direct land-use change for 1990–2010 were comparable in magnitude to those from other on-farm sources, which were dominated by enteric methane. However, calculation of land-use change impacts for the Queensland region for a period starting 2006, gave a range from net emissions of 0.11 t CO2-e ha–1 year–1 to net removals of 0.07 t CO2-e ha–1 year–1. This study demonstrated a method for deriving spatially- and temporally consistent datasets to improve estimates for direct land-use change impacts in life cycle assessment. It identified areas of uncertainty, including rates of sequestration in woody regrowth and impacts of land-use change on soil carbon stocks in grazed woodlands, but also showed the potential for direct land-use change to represent a net sink for GHG.
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Leitch, E. C., C. L. Fergusson, R. A. Henderson, and V. J. Morand. "Ophiolitic and metamorphic rocks in the Percy Isles and Shoalwater Bay region, New England Fold Belt, central Queensland." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 41, no. 6 (December 1994): 571–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099408728167.
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Bell, Phil R., Matthew C. Herne, Tom Brougham, and Elizabeth T. Smith. "Ornithopod diversity in the Griman Creek Formation (Cenomanian), New South Wales, Australia." PeerJ 6 (December 4, 2018): e6008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6008.
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During the Early Cretaceous, dinosaur communities of the Australian-Antarctic rift system (Eumeralla and Wonthaggi formations) cropping out in Victoria were apparently dominated by a diverse small-bodied ‘basal ornithopod’ fauna. Further north, in Queensland (Winton and Mackunda formations), poorly-represented small-bodied ornithopods coexisted with large-bodied iguanodontians. Our understanding of the ornithopod diversity from the region between the Australian-Antarctic rift and Queensland, represented by Lightning Ridge in central-northern New South Wales (Griman Creek Formation), has been superficial. Here, we re-investigate the ornithopod diversity at Lightning Ridge based on new craniodental remains. Our findings indicate a diverse ornithopod fauna consisting of two-to-three small-bodied non-iguanodontian ornithopods (includingWeewarrasaurus pobenigen. et sp. nov.), at least one indeterminate iguanodontian, and a possible ankylopollexian. These results support those of previous studies that favour a general abundance of small-bodied basal ornithopods in Early to mid-Cretaceous high-latitude localities of southeastern Australia. Although these localities are not necessarily time-equivalent, increasing evidence indicates that Lightning Ridge formed a ‘meeting point’ between the basal ornithopod-dominated localities in Victoria and the sauropod-iguanodontian faunas in Queensland to the north.
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Sangha, Kamaljit K., Rajesh K. Jalota, and David J. Midmore. "Litter production, decomposition and nutrient release in cleared and uncleared pasture systems of central Queensland, Australia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467405003020.
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The temporal impact of clearing trees on litter production, litter decomposition and on C, N and P release through decomposition of litter was examined in the pasture systems of a semi-arid zone of central Queensland. Paired sites for cleared pastures (developed from clearing woodlands) and uncleared (intact woodland) pastures were selected to represent three dominant tree communities of the region i.e. Eucalyptus populnea, E. melanophloia and Acacia harpophylla, with three different time-since-clearing (5, 11–13 and 33 y) treatments. Yearly litter production was greater at uncleared sites (1732–1948 kg ha−1 y−1 for eucalypt and 2596 kg ha−1 y−1 for acacia communities) compared with cleared sites (1038–1282 kg ha−1 y−1 for eucalypt and 1100 kg ha−1 y−1 for acacia communities averaged over three time-since-clearing treatments). Rates of litter decomposition and of release of C, N and P from decomposing litter were higher at cleared than uncleared sites for all three tree communities. The cleared and uncleared sites did not differ significantly in total amount of C and N released per year since the concentrations of C and N were greater in litter from uncleared sites but the rate of release was less than that at cleared sites. Slow but continuous release of nutrients in eucalypt and acacia woodlands may be an adaptation of these communities to maintain the nutrient cycle and to avoid leaching of nutrients in the nutrient-poor soils of the region.
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BARNETT, LEONIE J., TERRENCE L. MILLER, and THOMAS H. CRIBB. "Two new Stephanostomum-like cercariae (Digenea: Acanthocolpidae) from Nassarius dorsatus and N. olivaceus (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) in Central Queensland, Australia." Zootaxa 2445, no. 1 (May 5, 2010): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2445.1.2.
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Two new Stephanostomum-like cercariae, Cercaria capricornia VII and Cercaria capricornia VIII (Digenea: Acanthocolpidae), are described from the nassariid gastropods Nassarius dorsatus and Nassarius olivaceus collected from the intertidal zone in the Capricornia region of Central Queensland, Australia. Morphological analysis of these new cercariae was augmented with DNA sequence data from the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA region to aid in identification. Bayesian inference analysis of the LSU rDNA revealed that these putative acanthocolpid cercariae nested well within a clade containing species of Stephanostomum, which along with morphological data, suggests they are species of Stephanostomum. Comparative analysis of LSU rDNA sequences also indicates that these two cercariae are not S. adlardi, S. bicoronatum, S. tantabiddii or S. cf. uku, all species known from Australian fishes. The secondary structure of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rDNA region was inferred for these two cercariae using minimum free energy modelling algorithms. Both cercarial types displayed a four helix ITS2 secondary structure model and differed from each other by two compensatory base changes (CBCs) and nine hemi-CBCs.
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Flood, J., and N. Horsfall. "Excavation of Green Ant and Echidna Shelters, Cape York Peninsula." Queensland Archaeological Research 3 (January 1, 1986): 4–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.3.1986.181.
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This paper presents the results of archaeological excavations at Green Ant and Echidna Shelters on the Koolburra Plateau, northwest of Laura in Cape York Peninsula, north Queensland. The work was undertaken as part of a multi-attribute approach to the prehistory of the region. Such an approach to regional prehistory is exemplified by the work of Morwood in the Central Queensland Highlands who used two principal types of evidence in his study, excavated assemblages and rock art, on the basis that "as two strands in the web of evidence documenting the workings of a cultural system, a combined study of art and stone seemed to offer potential for yielding a more detailed account of the processes by which archaeological observations relate to their cultural context" (1981:1). A similar approach seemed well suited to the Koolburra Plateau, which is also extremely rich in rock art sites (Flood 1983b, 1983c).
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Wilson, Robyn. "Temporal and Spatial Variation in the Distribution and Abundance of the Magpie Goose, Anseranas semipalmata, in the Rockhampton Region of the Queensland Coast." Wildlife Research 24, no. 3 (1997): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr94044.
Full textAbstract:
The distribution, abundance and habitat of the magpie goose, Anseranas semipalmata, were studied from February 1987 to March 1990 and examined in relation to season, rainfall and evaporation, and the availability of sedges (Eleocharis spp.) in the Rockhampton area on the central Queensland coast. Seasonal fluctuations in abundance of the magpie goose were correlated with the 12-month cumulative difference between rainfall and evaporation in Rockhampton. Large flocks (>500 magpie geese) were observed on Eleocharis spp. and open water during the wet season, and on mud during the dry season.
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Wilson, B. A., V. J. Neldner, and A. Accad. "The extent and status of remnant vegetation in Queensland and its implications for statewide vegetation management and legislation." Rangeland Journal 24, no. 1 (2002): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj02001.
Full textAbstract:
Vegetation classification, survey and mapping provide key information underpinning the implementation of statewide vegetation management legislation and associated policies in Queensland. This paper summarises: (i) the Queensland Herbarium survey and mapping methods and land classification system and its role in vegetation management legislation; and, (ii) the current extent and rate of vegetation clearing by bioregion, sub-region and Broad Vegetation Group; (iii) and the amount of vegetation protected under legislated statewide bioregional and regional ecosystem thresholds. Information also is provided on the pre-clearing and current extent by 18 Broad Vegetation Groups and the area of non-remnant woody vegetation by bioregion. The implications for vegetation management are discussed, along with a comparison of clearing statistics derived from other studies that use different classification and mapping methodologies. The majority of Queensland has relatively continuous native vegetation cover (82% remnant native vegetation remaining in 1999). The productive soils of the southern part of the Brigalow Belt, lowlands in South-east Queensland, New England Tableland and Central Queensland Coast have been, however, extensively cleared with 7–30% of remnant vegetation remaining. Between 1997 and 1999, the annual rate of remnant clearing in Queensland was 4460 km2 of which over 60% occurred in the Brigalow Belt bioregion. A greater proportion of this recent clearing occurred in Broad Vegetation Groups that are associated with less fertile and/or more arid parts of the State compared with pre 1997 clearing. For bioregions and regional ecosystems where past clearing has been extensive, a substantial proportion (50–91%) of the remaining vegetation is protected by bioregional and regional ecosystem thresholds prescribed under statewide legislation and associated policies. For other bioregions and regional ecosystems, other factors such as rainfall, soil and areas of high conservation value are likely to play a larger role in determining the amount of vegetation protected. However, the effectiveness of the Queensland legislation cannot be assessed until regional planning processes have been completed and all criteria addressed.
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Morwood, M. J. "The prehistory of Aboriginal landuse on the upper Flinders River, North Queensland Highlands." Queensland Archaeological Research 7 (January 1, 1990): 3–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.7.1990.126.
Full textAbstract:
A general theme in Australian prehistory is the development of the distinctive social, economic and technological systems observed in recent Aboriginal societies. Research has demonstrated significant change in the Australian archaeological sequence and general trends of such are shared by numerous regions. Most that have been investigated indicate low density occupation during the Pleistocene and early Holocene with significant increases in site numbers, increased artefact discard rates and dissemination of new technologies and artefact types in mid-to-late Holocene times (e.g. Lourandos 1985). On the other hand, each region has a unique prehistory, range of material evidence and research potential. Our knowledge of Holocene developments in aboriginal subsistence systems, for instance, is largely based upon the history of cycad exploitation in the central Queensland Highlands (Beaton 1982), the appearance of seed grindstones in arid and semi-arid zones (Smith 1986) and evidence for increased emphasis on small-bodied animals in N.E. New South Wales and S.E. Queensland (McBryde 1977:233; Morwood 1987:347).
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Grace, PR, IC MacRae, and RJK Myers. "Factors influencing the availability of mineral nitrogen in clay soils of the brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) region of Central Queensland." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 5 (1992): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9921197.
Full textAbstract:
Microbiological and chemical assays were performed on clay soils from woodland (Acacia harpophylla-Casuarina cristata), grassland (Panicurn maximum var trichoglume-Chloris gayana) and cropland (Vigna mungo) in the brigalow region of Central Queensland. Over a 15 month period, the microbial biomass C in the top 3.5 cm of native brigalow woodland soil was on average 3630 8g C g-l, 50% more than an associated perennial pasture and over 400% more than an annually cropped soil. Microbial biomass N (575 8g N g-l) in woodland soil was on average 41% and 270% higher than in pasture and cropped soils respectively and highly correlated with seasonal soil moisture content. Viable counts of bacteria were consistently lower (average 69.2%) in the 0-3.5 cm and 3.5-7.5 cm strata of woodland soil compared with pasture and annual crop sites. Soil NO-3- N levels increased two fold in the upper 3.5 cm of the woodland site during low rainfall periods. This increase may be attributed to a more efficient distribution of mineral N mediated by the increased presence of a fungal population in this community. Leaching may also play a significant role in the distribution of plant available N in the brigalow region as suggested by the inverse relationship N = 54.11-0.67 R (P<0.01), where N is soil NO-3-N (8g N g-l) and R is rainfall in the preceding 3 month period (mm month-1).
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HOSKIN, CONRAD J., STEPHEN M. ZOZAYA, and ERIC VANDERDUYS. "A new species of velvet gecko (Diplodactylidae: Oedura) from sandstone habitats of inland north Queensland, Australia." Zootaxa 4486, no. 2 (September 27, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4486.2.1.
Full textAbstract:
We describe a new species of velvet gecko (Diplodactylidae: Oedura) from the sandstone ranges of central-north Queensland, Australia. Oedura argentea sp. nov. is a medium-sized (SVL 61–80 mm) gecko that is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of its relatively small size, a pattern of 5–6 dark-edged pale transverse bands from neck to pelvis, a silvery iris, a slender tail, a single cloacal spur, and in possessing 14–22 pre-cloacal pores in males. Oedura argentea sp. nov. is a sandstone specialist currently known only from the Gregory Range and nearby sandstone outcropping at Bulleringa National Park. Further surveys are required to determine the limits of distribution through this region. Oedura argentea sp. nov. is the fifth described species of Oedura in north-eastern Queensland. We also assess the name O. fracticolor De Vis, 1884 because it is an unresolved name pertaining to this general region. Based on colour-pattern and locality in the original description, we conclude that O. fracticolor is a senior synonym of O. castelnaui (Thominot, 1889); however, we propose that priority be overturned under Articles 23.9.1.1 and 23.9.1.2 of the ICZN (1999) and that the name O. fracticolor be regarded as nomen oblitum and O. castelnaui a nomen protectum.
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Stuart-Fox, Devi M., Christopher J. Schneider, Craig Moritz, and Patrick J. Couper. "Comparative phylogeography of three rainforest-restricted lizards from mid-east Queensland." Australian Journal of Zoology 49, no. 2 (2001): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo00092.
Full textAbstract:
Several small isolates of rainforest situated on the central eastern coast of Australia are home to a rich herpetofauna, including four endemic species of leaftail geckos (Phyllurusspp.) and two skinks (Eulamprus spp.). To examine the extent and geographic pattern of historical subdivision among isolates, we assayed mtDNA variation in two species endemic to rainforests of this region (Phyllurus ossa and Eulamprus amplus) and, for comparison, a more widespread and less specialised lizard, Carlia rhomboidalis. There is a clear genetic signature of historical changes in population size and distribution in P. ossa that is consistent with Pleistocene (or earlier) rainforest contraction and subsequent expansion. Although more pronounced in the gecko, phylogeographic structure was congruent between E. amplusand P. ossa. In contrast to the saxicolous, rainforest-restricted P. ossaand E. amplus, the rainforest-generalist species, C. rhomboidalis, does not display strong geographic population structure. The differences in genetic population structure exhibited by the three species are consistent with species-specific differences in ecology.
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Redden, R. J., P. M. Kroonenberg, and K. E. Basford. "Adaptation analysis of diversity in adzuki germplasm introduced into Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 2 (2012): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp11327.
Full textAbstract:
Adzuki bean germplasm was introduced to Australia from China as part of a program to develop better adapted varieties for the Australian sub-tropics than the current standard varieties derived from Japan, and to develop an export industry targeting Japan. Since adzuki was a new crop in Australia, the key questions were whether suitably adapted genotypes could be obtained from China, and whether these were higher yielding than the Japanese derived local standards and of acceptable seed quality. A geographically stratified core collection of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) landraces from China was field evaluated for agronomic and phenologic traits at sites in China in a related study, and also at Hermitage Research Station, Queensland, in the main target region for adzuki cultivation in Australia. A relationship was found between the regional patterns of adaptation in the core collection grown in China and yield performance at Hermitage. In particular, the late maturing gene pool which originated from South China had the greatest yield at the lower latitude location in Australia, and a gene pool from central China combined both high yield and acceptable seed quality. These lines from China were superior in yield to the local standards, and many also had suitable seed quality for the Japanese market. In further screening of these selections from Hermitage, they were also superior in yield to the local standards in central Queensland, but not in central New South Wales. The breeding of higher yielding varieties for Queensland with suitable quality for the Japanese market is suggested, both by direct releases of identified Chinese accessions and by further crossing of the medium and late maturing superior selections from China with the local standard varieties Erimo and Bloodwood, which have the large red seed desired in Japan. For New South Wales, one accession from China was comparable to the local checks and appears useful for gene pool diversification, however a separate introductory screening evaluation of Chinese germplasm in New South Wales is suggested to better identify promising accessions with phenology suited to the more temperate latitudes. Thus characterisation of genetic diversity for adaptation can assist with the introduction of germplasm for a new crop. The diversity in the adzuki germplasm from China provided the needed phenologic flexibility for introduction of the crop to southern Queensland, with superior yield to the standard varieties from Japan and acceptable seed quality.