Journal articles: 'Central Oil Stove Co'

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Adamu, Lake Belete, and Kamil Dino Adem. "Quality and Performance Evaluation of Jatropha Oil Blended with Kerosene for Cooking Stoves in Ethiopia." Journal of Renewable Energy 2020 (August 17, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7610585.

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In Ethiopia, the majority of rural household uses firewood with three-stone fire for cooking. Due to poor performance of the stove, there are major health issues created by indoor air pollution. To alleviate this problem, various efforts are undergoing such as the use of plant oil as an alternative fuel for cooking. This plant’s oils are available in the rural areas with minimal effort and water. In this study, Jatropha oil was blended with kerosene to present it as an alternative fuel for the rural poor in Ethiopia. The blends of varying proportions of Jatropha oil and kerosene were prepared, analyzed, and compared with the fuel properties of kerosene. The viscosity of Jatropha oil was reduced in ranges 86.3% to 4.5% by heating the oil from 30°C to 100°C. In order to understand the value of the blended fuel, the blended fuel was used for the evaluation of the performance of a stove for its thermal efficiency and indoor air pollution. Thermal efficiency of the newly designed bio-oil stove (Jatrok stove) was 52–66% with its specific fuel consumption ranging from 30 to 37 g/L and the fire power of the stove ranging from 1398 to 1433 watt using 10% to 40% Jatropha oil in the blend. In the case of emission, the Jatrok stove showed 11.5 to 9.5 grams of carbon monoxide (CO) and 352 to 289 grams of carbon dioxide (CO2) to boil 2.5 liters of water.The performance of the Jatrok stove using blended fuels was evaluated and compared with other domestic cooking stoves available in Ethiopia, making the stove comparable. A wider dissemination of such kind of plant oil blended with a kerosene-operated stove could reduce the environmental load in addition to lessoning the indoor air pollution in the kitchen.

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Hikmah, Nurhikmah. "PENGOLAHAN MINYAK JELANTAH SEBAGAI PENGGANTI BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK PADA KOMPOR MINYAK BERTEKANAN." EduMatSains : Jurnal Pendidikan, Matematika dan Sains 7, no. 1 (July 5, 2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/edumatsains.v7i1.3869.

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Used cooking oil (Jelantah's oil) is a frying rest oil which can't be used again to fry because it contains compounds that are quite dangerous for human health, which can be destructive for humans healthy. Beside to reduce an ambient contamination, used cooking oil can be recycled as an alternative fuel, in this case as to replace kerosene. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the primary Air Fuel Ratio on the combustion process in pressurized stove oil and knowing whether or not the direct combustion process of used cooking oil as an alternative fuel. The filth on used cooking oil must be removed to avoid a streaming gagging on koil. Analyzing used cooking oil water rate. Fuel tank loaded with used cooking oil. Fill the compressor with an air to pressurize the fuel tank. Used cooking oil streamed inside the tank by manages flow rate then stream air with regulatory crane so up to scale which particular on flowmeter gases. Ruled air flow rate with scales regulatory crane flowmeter until up to stable state on appreciative given. Measuring temperature on burn tool with positioning different one (Spuyer, burner, burner's tip, kindled tip). The larger the primary Air Fuel Ratio, the better the mixing so that the total conversion of triglycerides into CO2 and CO products is greater. Used cooking oil may be directly used as an alternative fuel into an oil stove, especially pressured oil stove.

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Hafidawati, Hafidawati, Elvi Yenie, and Alen Agustariza. "Karakteristik Pembakaran Briket Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dan Emisi Gas Karbon Monoksida (CO) dari Pembakaran dengan Kompor Biomassa Variasi Bukaan Lubang Udara." Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science 5, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jbchees.5.1.19-28.

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Waste oil empty palm fruit bunches (EFB) one of the renewable energy sources with great potential and is produced approximately 21% of the entire palm oil processing process. Burning EFB briquettes using biomass stoves has a low combustion efficiency, so it has the potential to emit CO. The aim of this research is to determine CO gas emissions resulting from burning empty palm fruit bunch briquettes with variations in the number of holes in the biomass stove and compare them with the quality standards of Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 047 of 2006. and see how the effect of air hole openings on biomass stoves with empty palm fruit bunch briquettes. In this study, co emission test was conducted using environmental combustion analyzer type 450 and biomass stove performance using water boiling test method. Testing was conducted with variations of air hole openings L1 (3.51 cm2), L2 (7.03 cm2), and L3 (10.55 cm2). The results of CO gas testing obtained by L1, L2 and L3 are 523.54 mg/ Nm3, 425.59 mg/ Nm3, and 351.13 mg / Nm3 and still meet the quality standards of ESDM no. 047 of 2006. Thermal efficiency of briquette stoves obtained in L1, L2 and L3 are 26.51%, 24.28% and 22.28% and for specific consumption rates obtained in L1, L2 and L3 are 3.47 grams/minute, 5.54 grams/minute and 7.17 grams/minute, this result didn’t meet the quality standard of SNI 7926-2013. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the smaller the opening of the briquette stove air hole, the more CO emissions produced, the higher the thermal efficiency and the smaller the consumption rate.

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Rizal Alamsyah. "Production of Low Emission Pellet from Coco Peat Waste." CORD 29, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v29i2.84.

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Study was conducted on coco peat as a low emission pellet form biomass fuel alternative to produce synthetic gas (syngas) through gasification process in use for other processes. Coco peat was first screened and formulated with other materials such as coco peat, starch, and waste cooking oil. These materials were mixed and pelletized using a pelletizer to form coco peat pellet. It was burned on an updraft gasifier to produce synthetic gas (syngas) and then streamed to a stove through a pipe. The syngas was then split and burned and the heat generated was used for boiling water and for drying agricultural products. Air quality around the stove (emission test) was measured and analyzed when gasification took place. The best results of coco peat pellet were made from 85% of coco peat waste, 5% starch (binder), and 10% of waste cooking oil with stronger texture and shiny surface. The experimental gasification using updraft gasifier exhibited better result when half of the volume of gasifier was filled with 5 kg pellet and the syngas produced can be used for 3.5 hours drying and boiling. Air quality surrounding the stove was tested during gasification process. It was done based on the Indonesian Environmental Regulation issued by Indonesian the Ministry of Environment on Standards (KEP-13/MENLH/3/1995 dated March 7th, 1995) regarding standard air quality from static matter and covers NH3, Cl2, HCl, HF, NO2, particles, SO2 and H2S parameters. The result of measurements indicated that all parameters meet the quality standards) including CO and CO2 at 0.0001 mg/kg.

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JPT staff, _. "E&P Notes (April 2022)." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0422-0019-jpt.

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Eni Starts Area 1 Production off Mexico via MODEC FPSO MODEC said first oil has flowed through FPSO MIAMTE MV34 operating in the Offshore Area 1 block in the Bay of Campeche off Mexico. The contractor was appointed by Eni Mexico for the supply, charter, and operation of the FPSO in the Eni-operated Offshore Area 1 block in 2018. The charter contract will run for an initial 15 years, with options for extension every year thereafter up to 5 additional years. Moored in a water depth of approximately 32 m some 10 km off Mexico’s coast, the FPSO is capable of handling 90,000 B/D of oil, 75 MMcf/D of gas, and 120,000 B/D of water injection with a storage capacity of 700,000 bbl of oil. The FPSO boasts a disconnectable tower yoke mooring system, a first-of-its-kind design in the industry. The system was developed to moor the FPSO in shallow water, while also allowing the unit to disconnect its mooring and depart the area to avoid winter storms and hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico. The mooring system was developed by MODEC subsidiary SOFEC Inc. The mooring jacket was fabricated in Altamira, Mexico. Eni Starts Production from Ndungu EP Development Italy’s Eni has started production from the Ndungu Early Production (EP) development in Block 15/06 of the Angolan deep offshore, via the Ngoma FPSO. With an expected production rate in the range of 20,000 B/D, the project will sustain the plateau of the Ngoma, a 100,000-B/D, zero-discharge, and zero-process-flaring FPSO, upgraded in 2021 to minimize emissions. A further exploration and delineation campaign will be performed in Q2 2022 to assess the full potential of the overall assets of Ndungu. Ndungu EP is the third startup achieved by Eni Angola in Block 15/06 in the past 7 months, after Cuica Early Production and the Cabaca North Development Project. Block 15/06 is operated by Eni Angola with a 36.84% share. Sonangol Pesquisa e Produção (36.84%) and SSI Fifteen Ltd. (26.32%) comprise the rest of the joint venture. Aramco Discovers Natural Gas in Four Regions Saudi Aramco has discovered natural gas fields in four regions of the kingdom, the Saudi Press Agency (SPA) reported, citing Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman. The fields were found in the Empty Quarter desert located in the central area of the kingdom, near its northern border and in the eastern region, he said, according to SPA. Saudi Arabia wants to increase gas production and boost the share of natural gas in its energy mix to meet growing electricity consumption and to make more crude available for export. The minister said an unspecified number of fields were discovered and he mentioned five by name: Shadoon, in the central region; Shehab and Shurfa, in the Empty Quarter in the southeastern region; Umm Khansar, near the northern border with Iraq; and Samna in the eastern region. Two of the gas fields, Samna and Umm Khansar, were said to be “nonconventional” and possibly shale finds. Lukoil Completes Area 4 Deal in Mexico Russian producer Lukoil has completed a deal to become a lead stakeholder in an Area 4 shallow-water asset adjacent to Tabasco and Campeche in Mexico. Under the deal, Lukoil has acquired a 50% stake in the asset from US independent Fieldwood Energy, which filed for US bankruptcy protection in August 2020, for $685 million. The original deal was priced at $435 million; the additional $250 million is related to expenditures Fieldwood incurred since 1 January 2021. Fieldwood committed to invest $477 million to increase oil production from the Ichalkil and Pokoch fields from the current level of 25,000 B/D to a plateau level of 115,000 B/D. Situated in water depths between 35 and 45 m, the fields’ recoverable hydrocarbon reserves amount to 564 million BOE, more than 80% of which is crude oil. Production started in Q4 2021; current average oil production has exceeded 25,000 B/D. The approved work program includes drilling three development wells (two on Ichalkil and one on Pokoch), upgrading three production platforms, and performing seismic reprocessing and petrophysical studies. The remaining 50% stake in Area 4 is held by operator PetroBal, a subsidiary of Mexico’s GrupoBal. Petrobras Sells Polo Norte Capixaba Field Cluster In line with its strategy to concentrate resources on deepwater and ultradeepwater assets, Brazil’s Petrobras has sold 100% of its interest in Norte Capixaba cluster to Seacrest Exploração e Produção de Petróleo Ltda for $544 million, including a $66-million contingent payment. The cluster comprises four producing fields—Cancã, Fazenda Alegre, Fazenda São Rafael, and Fazenda Santa Luzia—and produced 6,470 BOE/D in 2021. The deal also includes the Norte Capixaba Terminal (TNC) and all production facilities. NewMed Targets Morocco Market Entry Israel-based NewMed Energy, formerly Delek Drilling, has identified Morocco as “a country with enormous geological and commercial potential,” in particular the Moroccan coastal areas in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic. The announcement comes a day after the Moroccan Minister of Industry and Trade, Ryad Mezzour, and his Israeli counterpart, Orna Barbivai, signed an MOU aimed at promoting investments and exchanges between the two countries in the digital design, food, automotive, aviation, textile, water technologies and renewable energies, medical equipment, and the pharmaceutical industries. In September 2021, the Israeli oil and gas exploration company obtained from the Moroccan ministry the exploration and study rights of the Dakhla Atlantic Block, which has an area of about 109000 km2. ExxonMobil Sells Nigerian Assets to Seplat ExxonMobil has agreed to sell its shallow-water assets in Nigeria to Seplat Energy for $1.28 billion plus a contingent consideration of $300 million. Seplat said it is acquiring a 40% operating stake in four oil leases to nearly triple its annual net production to 146,000 BOE/D. The deal also includes the Qua Iboe export terminal and a 51% interest in the Bonny River Terminal and natural gas liquids recovery plants at EAP and Oso. It does not include any of ExxonMobil’s deepwater fields in Nigeria. TotalEnergies Discovers Large Oil Field off Namibia TotalEnergies has made a significant discovery of light oil with associated gas on the Venus prospect, located in block 2913B in the Orange Basin, offshore southern Namibia. The Venus 1-X well encountered approximately 84 m of net oil pay in a good-quality Lower Cretaceous reservoir. The find’s potential reserves are estimated at 2 billion bbl of oil. “This discovery offshore Namibia and the very promising initial results prove the potential of this play in the Orange Basin, on which TotalEnergies owns an important position both in Namibia and South Africa,” said Kevin McLachlan, senior vice president exploration at TotalEnergies. “A comprehensive coring and logging program has been completed. This will enable the preparation of appraisal operations designed to assess the commerciality of this discovery.” Block 2913B covers approximately 8215 km2 in deep offshore Namibia. TotalEnergies is the operator with a 40% working interest, alongside QatarEnergy (30%), Impact Oil and Gas (20%), and NAMCOR (10%). CNPC Scoops Ishpingo Drilling Contract The first drilling contract at the Ishpingo oil field near Ecuador’s Yasuni National Park has been awarded to China National Petroleum Corp. (CNPC), Energy Minister Juan Carlos Bermeo told Reuters. Following the approval of a new hydrocarbon law and legislation, Ecuador plans to move forward with auctions and competitive processes for securing foreign and domestic capital for oil and gas exploration, production, transportation, and refining projects. The first drilling campaign to start after an environmental license was granted for the sensitive area will involve 40 wells over the next 18 months. It will focus on the field’s allowed zone without touching an area protected by a court ruling that has prevented extending drilling. Ishpingo is the latest part of the ITT-43 oil field in Ecuador’s Amazonia region to start drilling after Tambococha and Tiputini. It is expected to produce heavy oil to be added to the nation’s output of flagship Napo crude, Bermeo said. BP Brings Hershel Expansion Project On Line in US GOM BP has successfully started production from the Herschel Expansion project in the Gulf of Mexico—the first of four major projects scheduled to be delivered globally in 2022. Phase 1 comprises development of a new subsea production system and the first of up to three wells tied to the Na Kika platform in the Mississippi Canyon area. At its peak, this first well is expected to increase platform annual gross production by an estimated 10,600 BOE/D. The BP-operated well was drilled to a depth of approximately 19,000 ft and is located southeast of the Na Kika platform, approximately 140 miles off the coast of New Orleans. The project provides infrastructure for future well tie-in opportunities. BP and Shell each hold a 50% working interest in the development. Petrobras Kicks off Gulf of Mexico Asset Sales Petrobras has begun an asset sale program in the Gulf of Mexico, in line with the company’s strategy of debt reduction and pivot toward Brazilian deepwater production. The package for sale includes the company’s 20% stake in MP Gulf of Mexico (MPGoM) which holds ownership stakes in 15 fields in partnership with Murphy Oil. In addition to partnership-operated fields, MPGoM owns nonoperated interests in Occidental’s Lucius, Kosmos’ Kodiak, Shell’s Habanero, and Chevron’s St. Malo fields. During the first half of 2021, Petrobras’ share of production was 11,300 BOE/D. ExxonMobil Liza Phase 2 Underway off Guyana ExxonMobil started production of Liza Phase 2, Guyana’s second offshore oil development on the Stabroek Block; total production capacity is now more than 340,000 B/D in the 7 years since the country’s first discovery. Production at the Liza Unity FPSO is expected to reach its target of 220,000 bbl of oil later this year. The Stabroek Block’s recoverable resource base is estimated at more than 10 billion BOE. The current resource has the potential to support up to 10 projects. ExxonMobil anticipates that four FPSOs with a capacity of more than 800,000 B/D will be in operation on the block by year-end 2025. Payara, the third project in the block, is expected to produce approximately 220,000 BOPD using the Prosperity FPSO vessel, currently under construction. The field development plan and application for environmental authorization for the Yellowtail project, the fourth project in the block, have been submitted for government and regulatory approvals. The Liza Unity arrived in Guyana in October 2021. It is moored in water depth of about 1650 m and will store around 2 million bbl of crude. ExxonMobil affiliate Esso Exploration and Production Guyana Ltd. is the operator and holds 45% interest. Hess Guyana Exploration Ltd. holds 30% interest and CNOOC Petroleum Guyana Ltd. holds 25%. Dragon Finds Oil in Gulf of Suez UAE’s Dragon Oil has discovered oil in the Gulf of Suez, according to a statement from the Egyptian Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources. The field contains potential reserves of around 100 million bbl inside the northeastern region of Ramadan. That estimate makes it one of the largest oil finds in the region over the past 2 decades. Development plans were not reported but reserve numbers could expand, the ministry said. The oil field is the first discovery by Dragon Oil since it acquired 100% of BP’s Gulf of Suez Petroleum assets in 2019. Dragon Oil, wholly owned by Emirates National Oil Co., holds 100% interest in East Zeit Bay off the southern Gulf of Suez region. The 93-km2 block lies in shallow waters of 10 to 40 m.

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Huboyo, Haryono S., Susumu Tohno, and Renqiu Cao. "Indoor PM2.5 Characteristics and CO Concentration Related to Water-Based and Oil-Based Cooking Emissions Using a Gas Stove." Aerosol and Air Quality Research 11, no. 4 (2011): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2011.02.0016.

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Kalinowski, Aleksandra, Eric Tenthorey, Mojtaba Seyyedi, and Michael Ben Clennell. "The search for new oil and CO." APPEA Journal 62, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21077.

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Residual oil zones (ROZs) could present a new, potentially large and commercially viable oil resource for Australia and provide an avenue for geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) through CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). These reservoirs, which can contain a moderate amount of residual oil and resemble water-flooded oil fields, can be associated with conventional fields (brownfields) or occur with no associated main pay zone (greenfields). Both types of ROZ are currently produced commercially through CO2-EOR in the Permian Basin, USA, and are of growing interest internationally, but our understanding of the occurrence and economic viability of oil production from ROZs in Australia is limited. We are employing geological and petrophysical methods to identify, map and quantify the potential oil resources of ROZs, initially in central Australian basins. Complementing this, we are conducting a series of CO2 core-flooding experiments combined with reservoir modelling to investigate the techno-economic feasibility of producing oil and storing CO2 in these formations. We aim to establish and test a workflow for characterising and evaluating ROZs in Australia. ROZs could prove to be good targets for CO2-EOR+, potentially even producing carbon-neutral or carbon-negative oil by using CO2 from anthropogenic sources, such as from blue hydrogen production.

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Piasecki, S., and C. Marcussen. "Oil geological studies in central East Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 130 (December 31, 1986): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v130.7949.

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Field work undertaken in central East Greenland during August 1985 was a follow-up of the oil geological studies by GGU expeditions to Jameson Land in 1982 and 1983 (Surlyk, 1983; Surlyk et al., 1984a). Three major subjects were covered by the field work. The Permian-Triassic boundary was studied along the western margin of the Jameson Land basin (Surlyk et al., 1984b). A series of closely sampled sections along the exposures of the eastern part of the Schuchert Dal was completed. The sampled material will be analysed with respect to source rock quality, maturity and stratigraphy. Secondly, the analysis of the regional maturity in southern Jameson Land based on the material from the 1982-83 expeditions indicates a specific surface maturation pattern (Piasecki, 1985; Thomsen, 1985) which had to be confirmed or rejected by analyses of further material from localities throughout the area. New material was collected along Hurry Inlet and in the southern llnd western parts of Jameson Land. Maturity studies will be supplemented by stratigraphical and geochemical analyses at these localities. The third target of the field work was to start oil geological studies of the area north of Kong Oscar Fjord, and to locate drill sites for shallow-core drilling in immature potential source rocks. The island of Traill ø was visited for two days of helicopter reconnaissance. Wollaston Forland was visited for two days at the end of the season in co-operation with geologists of a British Petroleum (BP) party working in this area. Material was collected for preliminary source rock studies and biostratigraphy.

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Peres, Fátima, Marta Roldão, Miguel Mourato, Luisa L. Martins, and Suzana Ferreira-Dias. "Co-Processed Olive Oils with Thymus mastichina L.—New Product Optimization." Life 11, no. 10 (October 6, 2021): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11101048.

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Olive co-processing consists of the addition of ingredients either in the mill or in the malaxator. This technique allows selecting the type of olives, the ingredients with the greatest flavoring and bioactive potential, and the technological extraction conditions. A new product—a gourmet flavored oil—was developed by co-processing olives with Thymus mastichina L. The trials were performed using overripe fruits with low aroma potential (cv. ‘Galega Vulgar’; ripening index 6.4). Experimental conditions were dictated by a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) as a function of thyme (0.4−4.6%, w/w) and water (8.3−19.7%, w/w) contents used in malaxation. A flavored oil was also obtained by adding 2.5% thyme during milling, followed by 14% water addition in the malaxator (central point conditions of CCRD). The chemical characterization of the raw materials, as well as the analysis of the flavored and unflavored oils, were performed (chemical quality criteria, sensory analysis, major fatty acid composition, and phenolic compounds). Considering chemical quality criteria, the flavored oils have the characteristics of “Virgin Olive Oil” (VOO), but they cannot have this classification due to legislation issues. Flavored oils obtained under optimized co-processing conditions (thyme concentrations > 3.5−4.0% and water contents varying from 14 to 18%) presented higher phenolic contents and biologic value than the non-flavored VOO. In flavored oils, thyme flavor was detected with high intensity, while the defect of “wet wood”, perceived in VOO, was not detected. The flavored oil, obtained by T. mastichina addition in the mill, showed higher oxidative stability (19.03 h) than the VOO and the co-processed oil with thyme addition in the malaxator (14.07 h), even after six-month storage in the dark (16.6 vs. 10.3 h).

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Khan, Merajuddin, Ahmad A. Mousa, Kodakandla V. Syamasundar, and Hamad Z. Alkhathlan. "Determination of Chemical Constituents of Leaf and Stem Essential Oils of Artemisia monosperma from Central Saudi Arabia." Natural Product Communications 7, no. 8 (August 2012): 1934578X1200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1200700829.

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The leaf and stem essential oils of Artemisia monosperma from the desert region of central Saudi Arabia were analysed by gas chromatography-based techniques (GC–FID, GC–MS, Co-GC, LRI determination, database and literature search) using polar as well as non-polar columns, which resulted in the identification of 130 components, of which 81 were common to both oils. In the leaf oil 120 compounds were identified, while 91 were identified in the stem oil accounting for 98.4% and 99.7% of the oil composition, respectively. The major constituents of the leaf oil were β-pinene (50.3%), α-terpinolene (10.0%), limonene (5.4%) and α-pinene (4.6%), while the major constituents of the stem oil were β-pinene (36.7%), α-terpinolene (6.4%), limonene (4.8%), β-maaliene (3.7%), shyobunone (3.2%) and α-pinene (3.1%). The two oils showed an important qualitative similarity. However, some specific constituents (39 in the leaf oil and 10 in the stem oil) allow differentiation of the two essential oils.

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ADEFABI, Rasak Adetunji. "Exchange Rates Management and Disaggregated Manufacturing Sector Output in Nigeria (1986-2019)." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 8 (September 5, 2021): 526–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.88.10652.

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This study investigated the effect of exchange rates management on manufacturing sector in Nigeria from 1986-2019. Secondary data used in the analysis were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, (2020) and World Development Indicators, (2020). Stationarity and orders of integration of the variables were examined with both Augmented-Dicky-Fuller (ADF) and Philip-Perron (PP) unit root tests. Having disaggregated manufacturing sector output into oil and non-oil source, two different models emerged. The results of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound test for co-integration revealed that the variables under oil sector model were co-integrated, while there was no evidence of co-integration in non-oil model. ARDL technique of estimation results showed that, both in the short-run and long-run, real exchange rates negatively and significantly impacted on oil manufacturing sector, while real interest rates negatively and significantly influenced the sector in the short-run. In the non-oil model, it was found that, both in the short-term and long-term, while real exchange rates negatively and significantly impacted on the sector, inflation produced positive and significant effect. Authority in Nigeria should improve on trade competitiveness of Nigeria with other countries via empowering the domestic currency to improve on domestic manufacturing sector performance.

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Nur Farida, Mukhamad Agil Ikhsanudin, Rohmat Safrudin, Ismatun Choeriyah, Ismi Rodhliatul Walidaen, Nabila Zakia Fatimah, Zaef Nur Faizin, et al. "Pemanfaatan Sampah Plastik Menjadi Bahan Bakar Minyak Dengan Proses Pirolisasi BSB Di Desa Kasilib Wanadadi Banjarnegara." ASPIRASI : Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian dan Kegiatan Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (February 18, 2024): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/aspirasi.v2i2.418.

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The handling of plastic waste in Indonesia, especially in Central Java, poses a serious issue. Bank Sampah Banjarnegara (BSB) in Kasilib Village, Wanadadi, Banjarnegara, stands as a successful example in addressing this problem. The motivation from the increasing plastic waste prompted BSB to seek innovative solutions. Through the Fastpol 5.0 technology, BSB successfully converted plastic waste into high-efficiency fuel oil. Fastpol 5.0, a fifth-generation pyrolysis machine, can transform plastic waste through the fast pyrolysis and catalytic cracking processes. The machine excels in efficiency, the ability to produce various types of fuel, and plasma technology to clean combustion residues. This innovation is acknowledged through the nomination for the 2023 Innovative Government Award (IGA). BSB not only prioritizes economic aspects but also considers the environmental and public health impacts. Collaboration with waste collectors is a holistic approach to managing plastic waste. In addition to Fastpol 5.0, BSB has also developed a practical kerosene stove in the hope of providing economic and environmental solutions. The success of BSB demonstrates that technology-based solutions can be a positive step in handling plastic waste. It is recommended for these solutions to be adopted by other regions while increasing public awareness of waste separation. Environmental sustainability can be achieved through technological innovations that are not only effective but also have positive economic and social impacts.

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Carvalho, Aparecida Selsiane Sousa, Erica Cruz, Vanessa Vicente Vieira Andrade, Josilene Lima Serra, Marco Antonio Martins, Meire Lelis Leal Martins, and Luana Pereira de Moraes. "Agroindustrial co-products and waste cooking oil in the production of lipases by thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis SMIA-3." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 44 (January 12, 2022): e56416. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v44i1.56416.

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The present study investigated the potential lipase production for Bacillus licheniformis SMIA-3 using the agro-industrial co-products: orange flour (OF) and grape flour (GF) blend waste cooking oil (WCO). The OF was selected due to its best source for lipase production observed in preliminary tests. Therefore, OF was tested at different fermentation times at 50°C using the statistical design Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) allied to the response surface. An optimal region was found with lipolytic activity of 0.349 U mL-1 with OF and WCO filters around (0.50% w v-1) and between (0.55 and 0.75% w v-1), respectively, and the fermentation time at the central point (42h). Data supplied a method to produce lipase using orange flour and frying oil, as a way to reuse these waste as feedstock to obtain employable lipase and lower production costs with biotechnological applications in industrial sector

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Boreham, C. J., and R. A. de Boer. "ORIGIN OF GILMORE GAS AND OIL, ADAVALE BASIN, CENTRAL QUEENSLAND." APPEA Journal 38, no. 1 (1998): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97019.

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Dry gas in the Gilmore Field of the Adavale Basin has been sourced from both wet gas associated with oil generation, together with methane from a deep, overmature source. The latter gas input is further characterised by a high nitrogen content co-generated with isotopically heavy methane and carbon dioxide. The eastern margin of the Lissoy Sandstone principal reservoir unit contains the higher content of overmature dry gas supporting reservoir compiirtmenmlisalion and a more favourable migration pathway to this region. The combination of a molecular and multi-element isotopic approach is an effective tool for the recognition of an overmature, dry gas source. This deep source represents a play concept that previously has been undervalued and may be more widespread within Australian sedimentary basins.The maturity level of the wet gas and associated oil are identical, having reached an equivalent vitrinite reflectance of 1.4−1.6 per cent. Modelling studies support the concept of local Devonian source rocks for the wet gas and oil. Reservoir filling from late stage, high maturity oil and gas generation and expulsion, was a result of reactivation of petroleum generation from Devonian source rocks during the Early Cretaceous. The large input of dry gas from a deeper and highly overmature source is a more recent event. This gas can fractionally displace condensable C2+ liquids already in the reservoir possibly allowing tertiary migration into younger reservoirs, or adjacent structures.Oil recovered from Gilmore-2 has been sourced from Devonian marine organic matter, deposited under mildly evaporitic, restricted marine conditions. The most likely source rocks in the Adavale Basin are the basal marine shale of the Log Creek Formation, algal shales at the top of the Lissoy Sandstone, and the Cooladdi Dolomite. Source-sensitive biomarkers and carbon isotope composition of the Gilmore-2 oil have much in common with other Devonian-sourced oils from the Bonaparte and Canning basins. The chemical link between western and eastern Australian Devonian oils may suggest diachronous development of source rocks over a wide extent. This implies that the source element of the Devonian Petroleum Supersystem may be present in other sedimentary basins.

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Bai, Xin Peng, Xiao Lei Zhao, Zhi Yong Guo, Xiao Qin Liu, and Fang Lian Xu. "Optimization of Supercritical CO₂ Extraction of Noni (Morinda citrifolia L) Seed Oil Using Response Surface Methodology." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.743.

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This study examined extraction of noni (Morinda citrifolia L) seed oil（NSO） by using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects of the process parameters, namely extraction pressure, temperature and CO2 flow rate and extract time on the yield of NSO. The extraction parameters were optimized with a central composite design experiment. The result showed that the oil recovery got the highest for 20.13% dry basis under the condition of pressure 21 MPa, temperature 37°C, flow velocity 20 L/min and the extract time 104 min, the pressure expressed most significant effect on the oil yield (p <0.001)

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Lanteigne, Marc. "China's Energy Security and Eurasian Diplomacy: The Case of Turkmenistan." Politics 27, no. 3 (October 2007): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.2007.00294.x.

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China has made significant strides in developing energy diplomacy in the former Soviet states of Central Asia in the name of diversifying its trading partners. However, the case of Turkmenistan, currently undergoing a complicated leadership transition, provides evidence of China's potential limitations in engaging Central Asia in the hopes of securing nearby sources of oil and gas. The ongoing problems of post-Soviet governance in Ashgabat and increasing competition for Turkmen natural gas suggest that Beijing may have to better define its economic interests there and allow for increased regional co-operation building to better manage its Central Asian energy trade.

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Sabzimaleki, Mohammadreza, Barat Ghobadian, Mohsen Mazloom Farsibaf, Gholamhassan Najafi, Masoud Dehghani Soufi, and Seyed Mohammad Safieddin Ardebili. "Optimization of Biodiesel Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis from Castor Oil Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)." Chemical Product and Process Modeling 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2014-0013.

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Abstract Production of biodiesel from castor oil (CO) using ultrasound-assisted has been investigated in this study. The objective of the present work was therefore to determine the relationship between various important parameters of the alkaline-catalyzed transesterification process to obtain a high reaction yield in a short time. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to statistically analyze and optimize the operating parameters of the process. A central composite design (CCD) was approved to study the effects of the reaction time, the methanol to oil molar ratio, the ultrasonic cycle and the ultrasonic amplitude on reaction yield. The optimum conditions for alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of CO was found to be a reaction time of 540 s, methanol to oil molar ratio of 8.15:1,ultrasonic cycle of 0.73% and ultrasonic amplitude 64.34%. By exerting the calculated optimum condition in the process, the reaction yield reached 87.0494%. The results from the RSM analysis indicated that the reaction time has the most significant effect on the reaction yield.

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S. John Don Bosco. "Optimization of Aqueous Extraction of Virgin Coconut Oil Using Response Surface Methodology." CORD 29, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v29i1.96.

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The present investigation deals with optimization of aqueous extraction process for maximum yield of virgin coconut oil (VCO) from coconut milk extracted from coconut meat. Optimization of the process parameters including dilution ratio (w/w), grinding time (min), temperature (°C), cream separation time (hour) and pH was analyzed using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method and response surface methodology based central composite design methods. OFAT method revealed the dilution ratio of 1:1 and grinding time of 3 min to enhance the yield of VCO whereas central composite design optimized the temperature at 33°C, cream separation time for 4 hours and pH of coconut milk at 6.5 for the maximum VCO yield of 20.38/100g of fresh coconut meat contained 32.82g/100g fat (w/w). Hence the percentage oil recovery of VCO was found to be 83.12 per cent (w/w) of fat present in fresh coconut meat. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of central composite design revealed that temperature (P<0.05), pH (P<0.05) and interaction of these two parameters were highly significant for the yield of VCO with the second order model having the co-efficient of determination (R2) of 0.97.

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I.J., Ugwulali, Adejuwon J.A., Ojomolade D.J., and Ogwulali J.I. "A Co-integration Approach to the Determinants of Inflation in Nigeria." African Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 4, no. 3 (September 9, 2021): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajesd-1nddocyc.

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This study was a co-integration approach to the determinants of inflation in Nigeria. The study became necessary as a result of the rampaging effect of the increasing rate of inflation in the country particularly immediately after the fiscal crises between 1980 and 1984. The study used secondary data collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin (2012-2018). This was analysed using auto-regressive distributed lag. The findings showed that real and lagged government expenditure, exchange rate, money supply and crude oil price are the main macroeconomic factors responsible for inflation in Nigeria. Whilst exchange rate depreciation helps to reduce the level of inflation, decreases in crude oil prices increase the level of inflation. Also, growth in real government expenditure and money supply exert pressure on price levels to move up. The long run co-integration and bounds results show that there is a long run relationship between inflation and government expenditure. The lagged explanatory variables are significant at 5% level of significance, except crude oil price. It was concluded that inflation in Nigeria is multi-dimensional and dynamic. It was therefore recommended that the government should implement policies that enhance increased production of goods and services leading to reduction in the general prices level and diversify the economic base to control the effect of inflation in Nigeria.

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Shie, Je-Lueng, Wei-Sheng Yang, Yi-Ru Liau, Tian-Hui Liau, and Hong-Ren Yang. "Subcritical Hydrothermal Co-Liquefaction of Process Rejects at a Wastepaper-Based Paper Mill with Waste Soybean Oil." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 2442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092442.

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This study used the subcritical hydrothermal liquefaction technique (SHLT) in the co- liquefaction of process rejects at a wastepaper-based paper mill (PRWPM) and waste soybean oil (WSO) for the production of biofuels and bio-char material. PRWPM emits complicated waste composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and plastic from sealing film. The waste is produced from the recycled paper process of a mill plant located in central Taiwan. The source of WSO is the rejected organic waste from a cooking oil factory located in north Taiwan. PRWPM and WSO are suitable for use as fuels, but due to their high oxygen content, their use as commercial liquid fuels is not frequent, thus making deoxygenation and hydrogenation necessary. The temperature and pressure of SHLT were set at 523–643 K and 40–250 bar, respectively. The experimental conditions included solvent ratios of oil–water, temperature, reaction time, and ratios of solvent to PRWPM. The analysis results contained approximated components, heating values, elements, surface features, simulated distillations, product compositions, and recovery yields. The HHV of the product occurred at an oil–water ratio of 75:25, with a value of 38.04 MJ kg−1. At an oil–water ratio of 25:75, the liquid oil-phase product of SHTL has the highest heating value 42.02 MJ kg−1. Higher WSO content implies a lower heating value of the oil-phase product. The simulated distillation result of the oil-phase product with higher content of alcohol and alkanes obtained at the oil–water ratio of 25:75 is better than the other ratios. Here, the carbon number of the oil product is between C8–C36. The product conversion rate rises with an increase of the WSO ratio. It is proved that blending soybean oil with water can significantly enhance the quality of liquefied oil and the conversion rate of PRWPM. Therefore, the solid and liquid biomass wastes co-liquefaction to produce gas and liquid biofuels under SHLT are quite feasible.

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Li, Yan Hong. "Granger Causality Test between Oil Consumption and Gross Domestic Product of China Based on the Provincial Panel Data Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1643.

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This paper, based on the Provincial Panel Data of 30 provinces during 1995~2010 period, applies the panel unit root, heterogeneous panel co-integration and panel based error correction models to re-investigate co-movement and the causality between oil consumption and GDP. The results show that there is one-way directional causality from energy consumption to GDP in the western area, and one-way causality from GDP to energy consumption in the central area, while no causality between energy consumption and GDP exists in the eastern area.

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Hussein, Mohammad Ali, Mohammad Alqudah, and Olaf G. Podlaha. "Ichnofabrics of Eocene oil shales from central Jordan and their use for paleoenvironmental reconstructions." GeoArabia 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 85–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia190185.

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ABSTRACT The study of trace fossils is widely used in facies interpretation. It provides a crucial tool for reconstructing depositional paleoenvironments when used in combination with other sedimentological and paleontological proxies. Here we present the first detailed study of Eocene trace fossils from Jordan. Two sections of Early to Middle Eocene age, with a total thickness of 478.7 m, from central Jordan were cored and investigated. The results of individually occurring (isolated) or co-occurring (combined) ichnofabrics and bioturbation levels, in combination with results from biostratigraphic and geochemical studies, were used for stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The bioturbation index (BI) was used to classify the burrowing density versus the preservation of the original sedimentary structures. The two cores show highly variable grades of bioturbation with BI ranging from 0 to 6. Four ichnogenera were identified: Thalassinoides, Chondrites, Teichichnus and Zoophycos. Both the ichnofabrics and the variations of the BI suggest a shallow, highly dynamic depositional system with rapid changes of water depth and degree of bottom-water oxygenation.

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AKINLEYE, Gideon Tayo, Adeduro Adesola OGUNMAKIN, and Oyetola Oluwabukola OLUSOLA. "Non-oil tax revenue and budget implementation in Nigeria (1997-2016)." Research Journal of Business and Economic Management 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/rjbem2020.041.

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The study investigated the effect of personal and company income taxes on total government expenditure. The study covered time period spanning from 1997 to 2016. Data for the study were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, as well as the data base of National Bureau of Statistics. The study employed multivariate time series estimation techniques such as the co-integration regression and error correction model (ECM) estimation following pre-test such as unit root test and co-integration test. Result revealed that on the short run, personal income tax exert inconsequential positive influence on total government expenditure 0.075747 (p = 0.7140 > 0.05), but on the long run the impact of personal income tax on total government expenditure become negative though no significant, -0.035629 (p = 0.9162 > 0.05); while company income tax exert unimportant positive effect on total government expenditure both on the short run 5.096910 (p = 0.3082 > 0.05) and long run 6.034018 (p = 0.0613 > 0.05). The study concluded that revenue generation from non-oil taxes in Nigeria do not contribute substantially to maintaining and sustaining full budget implementation in terms of government expenditure.

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Bordón, María Gabriela, Noelia P. X. Alasino, Maria Victoria Defaín Tesoriero, Nahuel Camacho, Maria C. Penci, Marcela L. Martínez, and Pablo D. Ribotta. "Spray-Air Contact in Tall and Short-Type Spray Dryers Affects Important Physicochemical Properties of Microencapsulated Chia Seed Oil." Proceedings 53, no. 1 (August 27, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020053019.

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The aim of this work was to determine the influence of the spray dryer’s aspect ratio (height/diameter) on the physico-chemical properties of microencapsulated chia oil (CSO). Two different dryers were analyzed: a tall-type dryer [H/D = 5/1], and a short-type dryer [H/D = 1.65/1]. The former corresponded to a co-current flow, while the latter had a central air disperser in the chamber, and a rotary air flow. Emulsions were prepared by homogenization of CSO, and a mixture of soy protein isolate (SPI) and gum arabic (GA). The co-current contact in the tall-type dryer yielded greater oxidative stability indexes (OSI) (three times higher than CSO), which was possibly associated the reduced thermal degradation. It can be concluded that a co-current contact constitutes a better alternative for the protection of CSO.

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Ogunewe, Nwanneka Cynthia, Amalachukwu Ananwude, and Dr Joseph Afamefuna Nduka. "Non-Oil Exports and Manufacturing Sector Growth in an Oil-Rich Country in Africa." Finance & Economics Review 2, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/finance-economics-review.v2i4.187.

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Purpose: This paper presents an analysis of the effect of non-oil exports on the manufacturing sector growth in an oil-rich country in Africa – Nigeria from 1986 to 2018. In clear terms, we evaluated how manufacturing sector capacity utilization is affected by non-oil exports. Methods: The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation technique was applied in estimating the model and was lagged by two years. The long-run relationship was determined using the traditional Johansen co-integration methodology. How manufacturing sector growth is affected by non-oil exports was evaluated using the Granger Causality technique. The Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron tests were applied to check the stationarity properties of the data. Results: The growth in the manufacturing sector in Nigeria has not been significantly affected by non-oil export despite the various non-oil export promotion strategies initiated by the government. Implication: A major implication of the finding is that the cost and access to financial services for non-oil exporters should be reduced or relaxed by the Central Bank of Nigeria. High-interest rates charged by commercial banks and little disbursement characterized by the volume of commercial banks credit affect manufacturing firms concerning acquiring modern plants and machinery which results in a poor quality of non-oil exports.

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Adams, Samuel Olorunfemi, and Jumoke Olamide Bello. "Modeling the effect of crude oil production and other factors on Nigeria’s economy: an autoregressive distributed lag approach." Science Archives 03, no. 01 (2022): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47587/sa.2022.3109.

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The overdependence on crude oil has produced susceptivity to every part of the Nigerian Gross Domestic Growth (GDP) and there was the need to examine the effect of crude oil on the economy of Nigeria. This study, therefore, investigates the long-run effect between oil revenue, oil price volatility, and economic growth in Nigeria. The data on oil revenue, non-oil revenue, oil price volatility, and per-capita income from the year 2006 – to 2020 extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin was applied in this research work. The research applied Descriptive Statistics, Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root test, Johansen cointegration, and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) co-integration statistical method to examine the long-run effects of crude oil production on Nigeria’s economy. It was discovered from our result that; oil revenue plays a remarkable role in Nigeria‘s economy by its advancement of the country’s GDP. Furthermore, Nigeria has regulated oil revenue to accomplish economic growth in numerous ways. The study recommended that the Nigerian Government should diversify its export supply through downstream production and encouragement of more private sector participation.

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Rakel, Eva. "IX. Paradigms of Iranian Policy in Central Eurasia and Beyond." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 2, no. 3 (2003): 549–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156915003322986398.

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AbstractIran and CEA have historically close links going back as far as the sixth century BC when the Persian Achaemenid Empire conquered the region. For a long time, Persian was the main language of the elite in CEA. Since the disintegration of the USSR, Iran has been determined to re-strengthen its position in CEA, particularly in economic and security terms. Iran is an active player in the Economic Co-operation Organization (ECO). It also promotes the construction of southern pipelines from CEA to export the region's oil and gas resources as it hopes to profit from it for its own oil and gas export. However, it has to be noted that Iran in no way is a dominant player in the region. The rivalry between the various political factions of the Iranian political elite - the Conservative Traditional Right (Rast-e Sonati), Traditionalist left (Chap-e Sonati), Revolutionary or New Left or Hizbollah, Conservative Modern Right Rast-e Modern - leads to incoherence in Iran's foreign policy and makes Iran an unreliable actor to cooperate with not only the countries of CEA but also for other countries interested in the region (i.e., the United States, European Union, Turkey, Russia, China, Saudi Arabia). Additionally, the great national economic problems in Iran are an obstacle for Iran to become more active economically in CEA.

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Ilori, Folusho Olayemi, and Alani Olusegun Efuntade. "Comprehensive analysis of the effect of oil and non-oil revenues on economic growth in Nigeria." Kampala International University Interdisciplinary Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (December 9, 2020): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.59568/kijhus-2020-1-3-12.

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Revenue generation as the funding source for Nigeria's economic growth activities was challenging due to the government's mismanagement, tax avoidance, and corrupt practices due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The global crude oil prices declined. The challenges make Nigeria's federal government over-dependent on oil-generated revenues to experience several setbacks in achieving its economic growth goals. However, for the last decade, the Government has also diversified the economy and focus on the non-oil area. Thus, this study examined the effects of generating oil and non-oil revenues on Nigeria's economic growth from 1989 through 2018 using secondary data extracted in the Central Bank of Nigeria's statistical bulletin. The study employed the model for analytical co-integration and error correction. Similar analytical processes were applied to the multivariate data on components of oil and non-oil revenue, exchange rates, and real gross domestic products. Results generated indicated that the oil revenue harms real gross domestic products in Nigeria, but this is the same with effects reported from non-oil revenue. Nonetheless, Nigeria's exchange rate gives a positive sign and statistical significance for real gross domestic products. Consequently, the study opined that the continuing decline in global crude oil prices, resistance from insurgents in Nigeria's oil-producing area, the Nigerian Government's profligate expenditure, the global COVID-19 health pandemic, among other factors, are harming the economic growth of Nigeria.

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Maryam, Ilam, Tantri Julia Arsita, Hendy Stevanus, and Ehairun Nisa. "PEMODELAN SEMIVARIOGRAM EKSPERIMENTAL PADA JUMLAH PENYEBARAN PRODUKSI KELAPA SAWIT DI INDONESIA." Fraction: Jurnal Teori dan Terapan Matematika 2, no. 2 (December 2, 2022): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/fraction.v2i2.35.

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Oil palm is a leading plantation commodity in Indonesia with the industrial distribution area covering Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and surrounding areas. This study aims to model the semivarogram of the distribution of oil palm production in Indonesia. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained through the official website of the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (BPS), in the form of data on oil palm production in 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2012 to 2021. The method used in this study is an experimental semivariogram method. , then fitting the model from five models, namely Exponential model, Spherical model, Gaussian model, Logarithmic model and Wave model (holt effect) by looking at the value of the Nugget effect (Co). Based on the discussion of the number of models that are suitable to see the highest palm oil production in Indonesia, the Wave (hol effect) model with a Nugget effect value of 0 and the foem of the equation is...*

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Marey, H. S., Z. Hashisho, L. Fu, and J. Gille. "Spatial and temporal variation of CO over Alberta using measurements from satellite, aircrafts, and ground stations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 23 (December 16, 2014): 31767–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-31767-2014.

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Abstract. Alberta is Canada's largest oil producer and its oil sand deposits comprise 30% of the world's oil reserves. The process of bitumen extraction and upgrading releases trace gases and aerosols to the atmosphere. In this study we present satellite-based analysis to explore, for the first time, various contributing factors that affect tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) levels over Alberta. The multispectral product that uses both near-infrared (NIR) and the thermal-infrared (TIR) radiances for CO retrieval from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) are examined for the 12 year period from 2002–2013. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) thermal anomaly product from 2001 to 2013 is employed to investigate the seasonal and temporal variations of forest fires. Additionally, in situ CO measurements at industrial and urban sites are compared to satellite data. Furthermore, the available MOZAIC/IAGOS (Measurement of Ozone, Water Vapor, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxide by Airbus In-Service Aircraft/In service Aircraft for Global Observing System) aircraft CO profiles (April 2009–December 2011) are used to validate MOPITT CO data. The climatological time curtain plot and spatial maps for CO over northern Alberta indicate the signatures of transported CO for two distinct biomass burning seasons, summer and spring. Distinct seasonal patterns of CO at the urban site s (Edmonton and Calgary cities) point to the strong influence of traffic. Meteorological parameters play an important role on the CO spatial distribution at various pressure levels. Northern Alberta shows stronger upward lifting motion which leads to larger CO total column values while the poor dispersion in central and south Alberta exacerbates the surface CO pollution. Inter-annual variations of satellite data depict a slightly decreasing trend for both regions while the decline trend is more evident from ground observations, especially at the urban sites. MOPITT CO vertical averages and MOZAIC/IAGOS aircraft profiles were in good agreement within the standard deviation at all pressure levels. There is consistency between the time evolution of high CO episodes monitored by satellite and ground measurements and the fire frequency peak time which implies that biomass burning has affected the tropospheric CO distribution in northern Alberta. These findings have further demonstrated the potential use of MOPITT V5 multispectral (NIR+TIR) product for assessing a complicated surface process.

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Marey, H. S., Z. Hashisho, L. Fu, and J. Gille. "Spatial and temporal variation in CO over Alberta using measurements from satellites, aircraft, and ground stations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 7 (April 14, 2015): 3893–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3893-2015.

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Abstract. Alberta is Canada's largest oil producer, and its oil sands deposits comprise 30% of the world's oil reserves. The process of bitumen extraction and upgrading releases trace gases and aerosols to the atmosphere. In this study we present satellite-based analysis to explore, for the first time, various contributing factors that affect tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) levels over Alberta. The multispectral product that uses both near-infrared (NIR) and the thermal-infrared (TIR) radiances for CO retrieval from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) is examined for the 12-year period from 2002 to 2013. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) thermal anomaly product from 2001 to 2013 is employed to investigate the seasonal and temporal variations in forest fires. Additionally, in situ CO measurements at industrial and urban sites are compared to satellite data. Furthermore, the available MOZAIC/IAGOS (Measurement of Ozone, Water Vapor, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxide by Airbus In-Service Aircraft/In service Aircraft for Global Observing System) aircraft CO profiles (April 2009–December 2011) are used to validate MOPITT CO data. The climatological time curtain plot and spatial maps for CO over northern Alberta indicate the signatures of transported CO for two distinct biomass burning seasons: summer and spring. Distinct seasonal patterns of CO at the urban sites (Edmonton and Calgary) point to the strong influence of traffic. Meteorological parameters play an important role in the CO spatial distribution at various pressure levels. Northern Alberta shows a stronger upward lifting motion which leads to larger CO total column values, while the poor dispersion in central and southern Alberta exacerbates the surface CO pollution. Interannual variations in satellite data depict a slightly decreasing trend for both regions, while the decline trend is more evident from ground observations, especially at the urban sites. MOPITT CO vertical averages and MOZAIC/IAGOS aircraft profiles were in good agreement within the standard deviations at all pressure levels. There is consistency between the time evolution of high-CO episodes monitored by satellite and ground measurements and the fire frequency peak time, which implies that biomass burning has affected the tropospheric CO distribution in northern Alberta. These findings have further demonstrated the potential use of the MOPITT V5 multispectral (NIR + TIR) product for assessing a complicated surface process.

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Ogunsakin, Sanya, and Tope Isaac Awe. "Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Market Performance in Nigeria." Business and Economic Research 10, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v10i4.17633.

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This study investigated the macroeconomic determinants of stock market performance in Nigeria between 1985 and 2018. The source of the data for the study were from World Bank Development Indicator, 2020 edition and Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. The study employed ARDL co-integration approach as estimation technique. Findings from the study showed that inflation rate, real interest rate, real effective exchange rate and world oil price were the major determinants of Nigeria stock market performance during the study period. Based on these findings, the study therefore concludes that both endogeneous and exogeneous macroeconomic variables determine Nigeria stock market performance. Hence, the activities in the global oil market should be monitored in formulating policies to enhance stock market performance in Nigeria.

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Żurawski vel Grajewski, Przemysław. "Twelve EU Countries on the Eastern Flank of NATO: What about Ukraine?" East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 8, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 49–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/ewjus514.

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The Trimarium Initiative (TI) is a platform for co-operation of twelve central and eastern European (CEE) countries of the eastern flank of the European Union (EU), introduced by Poland and Croatia in 2015. The TI is based on member co-operation in the development of transport and communication, energy, raw materials (gas and oil) transfer infrastructure, and digitization. The region is an important and rapidly growing market, and the TI goal is to boost economic co-operation among these twelve countries. Ukraine is not an EU member state, so it cannot be a full member of the TI; however, several TI infrastructural projects are open to Ukrainian companies. As Russia’s aggressive energy policy impacts Poland, Ukraine, the Baltic states, Scandinavia, and Slovakia, the TI has a potential to meet this challenge. Transport and communication and energy transit infrastructure are promising areas of co-operation among TI countries and Ukraine. U.S. support has added optimism and prestige to the initiative.

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Elganidi, Ibrahim, Basem Elarbe, Norida Ridzuan, and Norhayati Abdullah. "Optimisation of reaction parameters for a novel polymeric additives as flow improvers of crude oil using response surface methodology." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 12, no. 2 (October 29, 2021): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01349-1.

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AbstractIn recent years, polymeric additives have received considerable attention as a wax control approach to enhance the flowability of waxy crude oil. Furthermore, the satisfactory model for predicting maximum yield in free radical polymerisation has been challenging due to the complexity and rigours of classic kinetic models. This study investigated the influence of operating parameters on a novel synthesised polymer used as a wax deposition inhibitor in a crude oil pipeline. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to develop a polynomial regression model and investigate the effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, and initiator concentration on the polymerisation yield of behenyl acrylate-co-stearyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride (BA-co-SMA-co-MA) polymer by using central composite design (CCD) approach. The modelled optimisation conditions were reaction time of 8.1 h, reaction temperature of 102 °C, and initiator concentration of 1.57 wt%, with the corresponding yield of 93.75%. The regression model analysis (ANOVA) detected an R2 value of 0.9696, indicating that the model can clarify 96.96% of the variation in data variation and does not clarify only 3% of the total differences. Three experimental validation runs were carried out using the optimal conditions, and the highest average yield is 93.20%. An error of about 0.55% was observed compared with the expected value. Therefore, the proposed model is reliable and can predict yield response accurately. Furthermore, the regression model is highly significant, indicating a strong agreement between the expected and experimental values of BA-co-SMA-co-MA yield. Consequently, this study’s findings can help provide a robust model for predicting maximum polymerisation yield to reduce the cost and processing time associated with the polymerisation process.

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Zhang, Gai, Yufan Zhang, Amin Tan, Yan Yang, and Min Tian. "Effects of MN4-Type Coordination Structure in Metallophthalocyanine for Bio-Inspired Oxidative Desulfurization Performance." Molecules 27, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030904.

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Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is the promising new method for super deep desulfurization of fuel oil. The oxidative desulfurization performance of the metal-N4-chelates metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) is related to the chemical properties of conjugate structures and the central metal ions. Herein, a biomimetic catalytic system composed of metallophthalocyanines (MPcR4, M = Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II); R = -H, -COOH, -NO2, -NH2) and molecular O2 was performed to study the influence of MN4-type coordination structure in metallophthalocyanines for the degradation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model oil containing n-octane. The results reveal that the conjugate structures and the center metal ions of metallophthalocyanines played key roles in oxidative desulfurization performance. The inductive effect of different R substituents strongly affected the electron cloud distribution of the conjugate structures and the catalytic performance. Moreover, the catalytic activity of MPcs, which is related to the d electronic configuration and ligand-field effects, does not sequentially increase with the increase in the d electron number of central metal ions.

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Opusunju, Michael Isaac, and Murat Akyuz. "Causal effect between balance of payment and foreign direct investment in oil and gas sector in Nigeria." Journal of Global Economics and Business 3, no. 8 (January 1, 2022): 57–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31039/jgeb.v3i8.41.

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The study examined the effect of balance of payment on foreign direct investment on the oil and gas sector in Nigeria. The study used ex-post facto research design and the population is made up of 5 oil and gas foreign investors in Nigeria. The sample size is the 5 oil and gas foreign investors. The study relied on reports from Central Bank of Nigeria for secondary data. The study employed various procedures in analysing the data such as correlation matrix, unit root test, co-integration and vector error correction model. The study found that causality ran from balance of payment to multinational corporations in Oil and Gas sector in Nigeria in terms of foreign direct investment which implied that balance trade openness caused increase in the inflow of FDI in Oil and Gas sector of Nigeria. This implied that balance of payment attracted more inflow of FDI in Oil and Gas sector in Nigeria. The study recommended that balance of payment policy in Oil and Gas should be formulated to encourage inflow of foreign direct investment in the sector in Nigeria. Government of Nigeria should seek for the assistant of Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to direct investors in Oil and Gas to refine the oil and gas in Nigeria without exporting the raw material to their home country.

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Stewart, David P. "Phillips Petroleum Co. Iran v. Islamic Republic of Iran." American Journal of International Law 85, no. 1 (January 1991): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203573.

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Phillips Petroleum Co. Iran, a wholly owned subsidiary of Phillips Petroleum Co., brought a claim before the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal against the Islamic Republic of Iran and the National Iranian Oil Co. (NIOC) seeking compensation for the alleged taking of its rights under a joint agreement for the exploration and exploitation of petroleum resources in the Persian Gulf. Chamber Two of the Tribunal concluded that the claimant had been deprived of its property interests during the Iranian Revolution by conduct attributable to the Government of Iran for which respondents were liable to provide compensation. Affirming earlier decisions that the 1955 Treaty of Amity between the United States and Iran requires payment of “just compensation” representing the full equivalent of the property taken, the Tribunal accepted “discounted cash flow” analysis as a central method of determining that value. After making significant adjustments to claimant’s calculations, and considering “all relevant circumstances,” the Tribunal awarded claimant $55 million as the value of the expropriated property, with simple interest at the rate of 10 percent per annum from the date of loss to the date of payment from the Security Account.

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Kamalanathan, Manoj, Jessica Hillhouse, Noah Claflin, Talia Rodkey, Andrew Mondragon, Alexandra Prouse, Michelle Nguyen, and Antonietta Quigg. "Influence of nutrient status on the response of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to oil and dispersant." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): e0259506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259506.

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Phytoplankton play a central role in our ecosystems, they are responsible for nearly 50 percent of the global primary productivity and major drivers of macro-elemental cycles in the ocean. Phytoplankton are constantly subjected to stressors, some natural such as nutrient limitation and some manmade such as oil spills. With increasing oil exploration activities in coastal zones in the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere, an oil spill during nutrient-limited conditions for phytoplankton growth is highly likely. We performed a multifactorial study exposing the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (UTEX 646) to oil and/or dispersants under nitrogen and silica limitation as well as co-limitation of both nutrients. Our study found that treatments with nitrogen limitation (-N and–N-Si) showed overall lower growth and chlorophyll a, lower photosynthetic antennae size, lower maximum photosynthetic efficiency, lower protein in exopolymeric substance (EPS), but higher connectivity between photosystems compared to non-nitrogen limited treatments (-Si and +N+Si) in almost all the conditions with oil and/or dispersants. However, certain combinations of nutrient limitation and oil and/or dispersant differed from this trend indicating strong interactive effects. When analyzed for significant interactive effects, the–N treatment impact on cellular growth in oil and oil plus dispersant conditions; and oil and oil plus dispersant conditions on cellular growth in–N-Si and–N treatments were found to be significant. Overall, we demonstrate that nitrogen limitation can affect the oil resistant trait of P. tricornutum, and oil with and without dispersants can have interactive effects with nutrient limitation on this diatom.

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Buelvas-Puello, Luis Miguel, Gabriela Franco-Arnedo, Hugo A. Martínez-Correa, Diego Ballesteros-Vivas, Andrea del Pilar Sánchez-Camargo, Diego Miranda-Lasprilla, Carlos-Eduardo Narváez-Cuenca, and Fabián Parada-Alfonso. "Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Seed Kernels and Their Application as an Antioxidant in an Edible Oil." Molecules 26, no. 24 (December 11, 2021): 7516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247516.

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Phenolic compounds from mango (M. indica) seed kernels (MSK) var. Sugar were obtained using supercritical CO2 and EtOH as an extraction solvent. For this purpose, a central composite design was carried out to evaluate the effect of extraction pressure (11–21 MPa), temperature (40–60 °C), and co-solvent contribution (5–15% w/w EtOH) on (i) extraction yield, (ii) oxidative stability (OS) of sunflower edible oil (SEO) with added extract using the Rancimat method, (iii) total phenolics content, (iv) total flavonoids content, and (v) DPPH radical assay. The most influential variable of the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process was the concentration of the co-solvent. The best OS of SEO was reached with the extract obtained at 21.0 MPa, 60 °C and 15% EtOH. Under these conditions, the extract increased the OS of SEO by up to 6.1 ± 0.2 h (OS of SEO without antioxidant, Control, was 3.5 h). The composition of the extract influenced the oxidative stability of the sunflower edible oil. By SFE it was possible to obtain extracts from mango seed kernels (MSK) var. Sugar that transfer OS to the SEO. These promissory extracts could be applied to foods and other products.

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Mikhailov, Eugene F., Svetlana Mironova, Gregory Mironov, Sergey Vlasenko, Alexey Panov, Xuguang Chi, David Walter, et al. "Long-term measurements (2010–2014) of carbonaceous aerosol and carbon monoxide at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) in central Siberia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 23 (December 4, 2017): 14365–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14365-2017.

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Abstract. We present long-term (5-year) measurements of particulate matter with an upper diameter limit of ∼ 10 µm (PM10), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in aerosol filter samples collected at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory in the middle-taiga subzone (Siberia). The data are complemented with carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. Air mass back trajectory analysis and satellite image analysis were used to characterise potential source regions and the transport pathway of haze plumes. Polluted and background periods were selected using a non-parametric statistical approach and analysed separately. In addition, near-pristine air masses were selected based on their EC concentrations being below the detection limit of our thermal–optical instrument. Over the entire sampling campaign, 75 and 48 % of air masses in winter and in summer, respectively, and 42 % in spring and fall are classified as polluted. The observed background concentrations of CO and EC showed a sine-like behaviour with a period of 365 ± 4 days, mostly due to different degrees of dilution and the removal of polluted air masses arriving at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) from remote sources. Our analysis of the near-pristine conditions shows that the longest periods with clean air masses were observed in summer, with a frequency of 17 %, while in wintertime only 1 % can be classified as a clean. Against a background of low concentrations of CO, EC, and OC in the near-pristine summertime, it was possible to identify pollution plumes that most likely came from crude-oil production sites located in the oil-rich regions of Western Siberia. Overall, our analysis indicates that most of the time the Siberian region is impacted by atmospheric pollution arising from biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions. A relatively clean atmosphere can be observed mainly in summer, when polluted species are removed by precipitation and the aerosol burden returns to near-pristine conditions.

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Gunawan, Rudi, and Suripto Suripto. "Determinan Impor Migas di Indonesia: Pendekatan VAR." Journal of Macroeconomics and Social Development 1, no. 1 (October 12, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/jmsd.v1i1.16.

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Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan kausalitas dan kointegrasi antara variabel Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), inflasi dan nilai tukar terhadap impor migas di Indonesia dengan menggunakan data yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan World Bank. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Vector Autoregression (VAR) yang terdiri dari Granger Causality Test dan Johansen Co-Integration Test. Adapun hasil penelitian dari uji Granger Causality menunjukkan diantara keempat variabel yang diuji, hanya variabel PDB yang memiliki kausalitas terhadap inflasi. Selain itu, terdapat lima hubungan satu arah yang meliputi impor migas ke PDB, inflasi ke impor migas, impor migas ke nilai tukar, PDB ke nilai tukar dan inflasi ke nilai tukar. Selanjutnya uji Johansen Co-Integration test menunjukkan hasil bahwa keempat variabel terkointegrasi. Hasil analisis IRF dan VD menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap ekspor migas adalah inflasi. Hubungan semua variabel berdasarkan hasil uji analisis Granger-Causality didukung oleh analisis IRF dan VD dapat dijelaskan bahwa terdapat hubungan satu arah dari impor migas ke PDB, terdapat hubungan satu arah dari inflasi ke impor migas, terdapat hubungan satu arah dari impor migas ke nilai tukar, terdapat hubungan dua arah antara PDB dan inflasi, terdapat hubungan satu arah dari PDB ke nilai tukar dan terdapat hubungan satu arah dari PDB ke nilai tukar. Abstrak: This study aims to determine whether there is a causality and cointegration relationship between the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation and exchange rate variables on oil and gas imports in Indonesia using data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the World Bank. This study uses the Vector Autoregression (VAR) method which consists of Granger Causality Test and Johansen Co-Integration Test. The results of the Granger Causality test show that among the four variables tested, only the GDP variable has causality to inflation. In addition, there are five one-way relationships that include oil and gas imports to GDP, inflation to oil and gas imports, oil and gas imports to exchange rates, GDP to exchange rates and inflation to exchange rates. Furthermore, the Johansen Co-Integration test shows that the four variables are cointegrated. The results of IRF and VD analysis show that the variable that affects oil and gas exports is inflation. The relationship of all variables based on the Granger-Causality analysis test results supported by IRF and VD analysis can be explained that there is a one-way relationship from oil and gas imports to GDP, there is a one-way relationship from inflation to oil and gas imports, there is a one-way relationship from oil and gas imports to exchange rates, there is a two-way relationship between GDP and inflation, there is a one-way relationship from GDP to exchange rates and there is a one-way relationship from GDP to exchange rates.

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42

Bordoni, Laura, Donatella Fedeli, Dennis Fiorini, and Rosita Gabbianelli. "Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Nigella sativa Oil Produced in Central Italy: A Comparison of the Nutrigenomic Effects of Two Mediterranean Oils in a Low-Grade Inflammation Model." Antioxidants 9, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9010020.

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Extra virgin olive (EVO) oil and Nigella sativa (NG) oil are two well-known Mediterranean foods whose consumption has been associated with beneficial effects on human health. This study investigates the nutrigenomic properties of two high quality EVO and NG oils in an in vitro model of low-grade inflammation of human macrophages (THP-1 cells). The aim was to assess whether these healthy foods could modulate inflammation through antioxidant and epigenetic mechanisms. When THP-1 cells were co-exposed to both lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation and oils, both EVO and NG oils displayed anti-inflammatory activity. Both oils were able to restore normal expression levels of DNMT3A and HDAC1 (but not DNMT3B), which were altered under inflammatory conditions. Moreover, EVO oil was able to prevent the increase in TET2 expression and reduce global DNA methylation that were measured in inflamed cells. Due to its antioxidant properties, EVO oil was particularly efficient in restoring normal levels of membrane fluidity, which, on the contrary, were reduced in the presence of inflammation. In conclusion, these data support the hypothesis that these Mediterranean oils could play a major role in the modulation of low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome prevention. However, NS oil seems to be more efficient in the control of proinflammatory cytokines, whereas EVO oil better helps to counteract redox imbalance. Further studies that elucidate the nutrigenomic properties of local produce might help to promote regional the production and consumption of high-quality food, which could also help the population to maintain and promote health.

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Patel, Vishal, Amit Arvind Joharapurkar, Samadhan Govind Kshirsagar, Kartikkumar Navinchandra Patel, Rajesh Bahekar, Gaurang Shah, and Mukul R. Jain. "Central GLP-1 receptor activation improves cholesterol metabolism partially independent of its effect on food intake." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 94, no. 2 (February 2016): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2014-0457.

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists modulate lipid metabolism, apart from controlling glucose homeostasis. We investigated the role of central GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonism in regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism in cholesterol-fed hamsters. Cholesterol-fed hamsters were treated by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) route with exendin-4, as acute or repeated dose regimen and compared with hamsters pair-fed to the exendin-treated hamsters and with hamsters co-treated with GLP-1 antagonist exendin-9. Effect of acute treatment was observed on food intake, tyloxapol-induced hypertriglyceridemia, and corn oil induced post prandial lipemia. Plasma and hepatic lipids and changes in the expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism were assessed after chronic administration. Acute, as well as repeated dose, treatment of exendin-4 showed significant changes in hepatic lipids, circulating fatty acids, triglycerides, LDL, and cholesterol. Expression of SREBP-1c was reduced while that of LDLR and CYP7A1 was increased after the repeated dose treatment, and there was no change in HMG CoA reductase. These changes were blocked by co-treatment of exendin-9, and not replicated by pair feeding to the significant extent. Central GLP-1 receptor activation showed profound effects on peripheral lipid metabolism, which were partially independent of its effect on food intake.

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Igbinovia, Ikponmwosa Michael. "Oil Price Volatility and Stock Market Returns in an Emerging Economy: Evidence from Nigeria." SRIWIJAYA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS 3, no. 3 (October 20, 2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/sijdeb.v3i3.193-206.

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The study examines the reaction of the Nigerian stock market to fluctuations in the mainstay of the Nigerian economy. Using time series data sourced from OPEC website and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin, we investigate the effect of oil price volatility on stock market returns in Nigeria during the period 1981 to 2017. Co-integration test established the long run relationship between variables, while, the Error Correction Model (ECM) and Pair-Wise Granger Causality test were used to ascertain the short run dynamics and the direction of causality between the variables of interest. The findings reveal among other things that Oil Price Volatility (OPV) has a non-significant positive effect on Stock Market Return (SMR) both in the short and long run period. Exchange Rate (EXR) and Interest rate (INT) were significant variables that influence stock market return in Nigeria during the period under review.

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45

Daramola, Kehinde Omolade. "Deposit Money Bank Credit and Non-Oil Export in Nigeria." Interdisciplinary Journal of Management Sciences 1 (July 4, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.38140/ijms-2024.vol1.07.

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The non-oil sectors play a crucial role in driving industrial transformation and generating foreign exchange for a nation. Therefore, the performance of this sector is influenced by the implementation of policies and programs, as well as the availability of credit facilities from deposit money banks (DMBs). This study examines the relationship between DMBs' credit and non-oil exports in Nigeria from 1986 to 2022. The data is analysed using the bounds test co-integration procedure of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results indicate that there is a significant (Prob. < 0.05) positive relationship between DMBs' credit and exchange rates. Furthermore, DMBs' lending rate and inflation rate demonstrate a significant negative relationship, while gross fixed capital formation shows an inverse relationship with non-oil exports in Nigeria. The causality test reveals no causality between bank credit to non-oil sectors, exchange rate, and the volume of non-oil exports in Nigeria. However, there is a unidirectional causality between gross fixed capital formation, the lending rate of banks, the inflation rate, and non-oil exports in Nigeria. Based on these findings, it is recommended that both the government and the monetary authorities make concerted efforts to stabilise the macroeconomic variables and promote growth-oriented programs meant to boost the aim of enhancing the production of locally produced goods in the non-oil sectors of Nigeria. Additionally, the Central Bank of Nigeria should consider reducing the bank rate, as this would directly impact other rates within the country.

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Mair, Alex, Martin Fischnaller, Oliver M. D. Lutz, Danilo Corradini, Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis, Panagiotis Stathopoulos, Thomas A. E. Jakschitz, Matthias Rainer, and Günther K. Bonn. "Quantification of Health Claim-Relevant Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol after Direct Hydrolysis Improves Customer Understanding and Mitigates Market Distortion." Separations 10, no. 4 (April 21, 2023): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10040268.

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The EFSA-approved claim that olive oil is beneficial for cardiovascular health suffers from ambiguities that lead to a vague and potentially subjective interpretation of the underlying analytical data. Misunderstandings among customers, but also market distortions are possible consequences. In this study, a rapid and simple analytical technique is presented that circumvents the ambiguity by measuring levels of putative health-promoting compounds as the equivalent of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, cleaving such moieties from more complex constituents such as oleuropein and oleocanthal. Since the direct hydrolysis of the olive oil is the central element of the process, the reaction temperature, time, reagent concentration and reagent type were optimized. In addition, the influence of co-solvents, which might support the intermittent miscibility of the two phases during hydrolysis, was investigated. The analytical and economic implications are discussed particularly in the context of a commonly used technique.

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Coolbaugh, Thomas, Elisabeth Bonneville, Sophie Depraz, Helen Murphy, and Peter Taylor. "The IMO/IPIECA Global Initiative: Expanding Government and Industry Cooperation into New Regions." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 1342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.1342.

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ABSTRACT As oil industry exploration and production activities and global marine shipping patterns have evolved, there is recognition of the potential for increased levels of oil spill risk in specific regions. In response to this, the IPIECA/IMO Global Initiative (GI) Programme is undergoing a period of broad expansion into regions where these increased activities may have the biggest potential impact. These same regions tend to show a need for improvement: consistency in the application of international legislation; effectiveness of regional agreements and national plans; and industry arrangements in order to minimize the likelihood of a significant incident and to mitigate the consequences. As is the case in the existing GI regions, the overall objective of any proposed new regional initiatives is to strengthen the cooperation between government and industry on oil spill related issues and to improve the capacity of countries to protect their marine and coastal environments and resources through the full implementation of the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation, 1990 (OPRC). Three active and functional GI regional programmes have been established between 2003–13, covering (i) the Black Sea, Caspian Sea and Central Eurasia, (ii) West, Central and Southern Africa and (iii) South East Asia. The establishment and successes of these programmes are described, along with on-going work in this field in the Mediterranean Sea. As a result of increased oil and gas activity, IPIECA and IMO have identified East Africa as a “high priority” region for future GI activities. In 2013, IPIECA has commissioned a report to outline the existing level of oil spill risk from upstream and shipping activities and assess the existing preparedness and resource capabilities of government and industry within the region. The current status of this effort will be reviewed. The possible development of a GI programme for coastal China that would provide spill preparedness and response technical workshops in China will be reviewed with particular emphasis on a 2012 agreement between the Chinese Maritime Safety Agency, IPIECA, and the IMO.

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Rassu, Giovanna, Milena Sorrenti, Laura Catenacci, Barbara Pavan, Luca Ferraro, Elisabetta Gavini, Maria Cristina Bonferoni, Paolo Giunchedi, and Alessandro Dalpiaz. "Conjugation, Prodrug, and Co-Administration Strategies in Support of Nanotechnologies to Improve the Therapeutic Efficacy of Phytochemicals in the Central Nervous System." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 6 (May 23, 2023): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061578.

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Phytochemicals, produced as secondary plant metabolites, have shown interesting potential therapeutic activities against neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Unfortunately, poor bioavailability and rapid metabolic processes compromise their therapeutic use, and several strategies are currently proposed for overcoming these issues. The present review summarises strategies for enhancing the central nervous system’s phytochemical efficacy. Particular attention has been paid to the use of phytochemicals in combination with other drugs (co-administrations) or administration of phytochemicals as prodrugs or conjugates, particularly when these approaches are supported by nanotechnologies exploiting conjugation strategies with appropriate targeting molecules. These aspects are described for polyphenols and essential oil components, which can improve their loading as prodrugs in nanocarriers, or be part of nanocarriers designed for targeted co-delivery to achieve synergistic anti-glioma or anti-neurodegenerative effects. The use of in vitro models, able to simulate the blood–brain barrier, neurodegeneration or glioma, and useful for optimizing innovative formulations before their in vivo administration via intravenous, oral, or nasal routes, is also summarised. Among the described compounds, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, ferulic acid, geraniol, and cinnamaldehyde can be efficaciously formulated to attain brain-targeting characteristics, and may therefore be therapeutically useful against glioma or neurodegenerative diseases.

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Kumar, Girish, Tarun Virmani, Kamla Pathak, Omkulthom Al Kamaly, and Asmaa Saleh. "Central Composite Design Implemented Azilsartan Medoxomil Loaded Nanoemulsion to Improve Its Aqueous Solubility and Intestinal Permeability: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15111343.

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The present research attempted to design and develop a nanoemulsion formulation of azilsartan medoxomil to improve its aqueous solubility and intestinal permeability. Based on the solubility profile, ethyl oleate, tween 80, and Transcutol P were selected as the oil phase, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively. Central composite design (CCD) suggested an optimized azilsartan medoxomil- nanoemulsion formulation (optimized AZL-NE formulation) with 1.25% oil, 15.73% Smix, and 90 s ultrasonication time; it was found to have the droplet size, percentage transmittance, and % cumulative drug release (%CDR) of 71.5 nm, 93.46 ± 1.13%, and 90.14 ± 0.94%, respectively. Furthermore, it exhibited a 0.141 polydispersity index, 34.05 mV zeta potential, a 1.413 ± 0.03 refractive index, 6.68 ± 0.22 pH, 28.17 ± 0.52 cps viscosity, and a 96.98 ± 0.94% percentage drug content. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assessed the nano-sized spherical shape, and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) assessed the solubilization of the drug in the optimized formulation. The %CDR was 1.71 times higher and the % cumulative drug permeation was 2.1 times higher for the optimized AZL-NE formulation than for the drug suspension through an intestinal segment of a rat, which was also supported by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) studies. Thus, the nanoemulsion formulation of azilsartan medoxomil ensured the enhancement of the drug availability in the body.

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Dettlaff, Katarzyna, Aleksandra Gostyńska, Natalia Ziółkowska, and Maciej Stawny. "Y-Site Compatibility Studies of Ketoprofen with Parenteral Nutrition Admixtures for Central and Peripheral Administration." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 12 (November 23, 2022): 2570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14122570.

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Ketoprofen (KTF) is often used in hospital wards, especially in its intravenous form. According to the literature review, the compatibility of ketoprofen with parenteral nutrition (PN) admixtures has not yet been investigated. For this reason, we aimed to provide data contributing to physical compatibility to ensure the safe co-administration of these medications. In this study, we examined the compatibility of KTF with eight selected commercial PN admixtures intended for central (Lipoflex Special, Omegaflex Special, Kabiven, SmofKabiven) and peripheral (Lipoflex peri, Omegaflex peri, Kabiven Peripheral, Olimel Peri N4E) administration. The KTF solution for infusion was combined in three different volume ratios with studied PN admixtures reflecting the conditions in clinical practice. The evaluation of undesirable physical destabilization of oil-in-water system or precipitate formation involved the visual inspection and the determination of mean droplet diameter, zeta potential, pH, and turbidity changes. The results of compatibility of KTF with eight commercial PN admixtures showed that three of them: Kabiven, SmofKabiven, and Kabiven Peripheral, are incompatible with KTF and should not be concomitantly administered.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Central Oil Stove Co'

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