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Journal articles on the topic 'Central New South Wales'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Webby, B. D., and J. Trotter. "A new Ordovician alga from central New South Wales." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 16, no. 1 (January 1992): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115519208619033.

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2

Hendrickx, Marc. "Fibrous Tremolite in Central New South Wales, Australia." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2273.

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ABSTRACT Tremolite schists in Ordovician meta-volcanic units in central New South Wales (NSW) consist of fine fibrous tremolite-actinolite. They host tremolite asbestos occurrences, and small quantities of asbestos were mined from narrow vein deposits in central NSW during the last century. When pulverized, the tremolite schist releases mineral fragments that fall into the classification range for countable mineral fibers and may be classed as asbestos despite not having an asbestiform habit. The ambiguity in classification of this type of natural material raises significant health and safety, legal, and environmental issues that require clarification. While the health effects of amphibole asbestos fibers are well known, the consequences of exposure to non-asbestiform, fibrous varieties is not well studied. This group of elongated mineral particles deserves more attention due to their widespread occurrence in metamorphic rocks in Australia. Toxicological studies are needed to assess the health risks associated with disturbance of these minerals during mining, civil construction, forestry, and farming practices.

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3

Wail, Terry. "Careers Advising in New South Wales Central Schools." Australian Journal of Career Development 3, no. 2 (September 1994): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841629400300231.

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4

Webby, B. D., and J. Keith Rigby. "Ordovician sphinctozoan sponges from central New South Wales." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 9, no. 3 (January 1985): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115518508618968.

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5

Brickhill, John. "Breeding Success of MalleefowlLeipoa ocellatain Central New South Wales." Emu - Austral Ornithology 87, no. 1 (March 1987): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9870042.

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6

Stait, Bryan, Barry D. Webby, and Ian G. Percival. "Late Ordovician nautiloids from central New South Wales, Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 9, no. 2 (January 1985): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115518508618962.

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7

Parer, I., and T. Korn. "Seasonal Incidence of Myxomatosis in New-South-Wales." Wildlife Research 16, no. 5 (1989): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890563.

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We analysed monthly records of the presence or absence of myxomatosis in the 59 Pasture Protection Board Districts of New South Wales for 1959-64 and 1980-86. These periods respectively precede and follow the introduction of the European rabbit flea, Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale), into New South Wales. Throughout New South Wales during the two periods, myxomatosis was reported more frequently in summer than in winter. The seasonal trend was more pronounced on the western and central plains than on the slopes, tablelands or coastal regions. The incidence of myxomatosis was positively related to rainfall on the western and central plains and slopes, but not on the tablelands and coast. After the introduction of the rabbit flea, the reported incidence of myxomatosis increased more on the tablelands than in the other regions.

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8

Michalk, D. L., P. M. Dowling, D. R. Kemp, W. McG King, I. J. Packer, P. J. Holst, R. E. Jones, et al. "Sustainable grazing systems for the Central Tablelands, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 8 (2003): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02180.

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Pasture degradation is a major issue in the high rainfall zone (>600 mm) of temperate Australia. Characterised by a decline in the perennial grass component, this degradation is responsible for reduced livestock production and implicated in environmental problems, such as dryland salinity, through changed water-use patterns. This paper reports on a multi-disciplinary research program conducted at Carcoar in central New South Wales, one of 6 sites that comprised the Sustainable Grazing Systems National Experiment. The aim of the experiment was to develop more profitable and sustainable pasture systems by evaluating the impact of changes in the perennial grass component on animal production and water-use patterns. Tactical management strategies were evaluated on naturalised and sown perennial grass pastures and on chicory (Cichorium intybus), using a Merino ewe-based first cross lamb enterprise. Data presented showed that grazing deferment over summer, combined with reduced stocking rate, increased perenniality and reduced annual grass weeds compared with continuous grazing. Livestock performance, however, did not always follow trends in available perennial herbage mass. Naturalised and sown pastures were suitable for raising prime lambs, but only chicory had the capacity to finish lambs to market specification without supplementation. With respect to water-use patterns, sown perennial pastures were more successful than naturalised pastures in reducing leakage of water from the root zone, although this seemed to be related mostly to the abundance of the perennial grass in the pasture. From a sustainability perspective, continuously grazed pastures generated higher net cash flows, but had negative environmental impacts, whereas tactically grazed pastures had positive on- and off-farm impacts but lower net cash flows. The implications of these findings for incorporation into future management strategies for sustainable production in high rainfall environments are discussed.

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9

O'Donnell, Michael. "Up the Garden Path? Enterprise Bargaining and Decentralization in the NSW Public Sector." Journal of Industrial Relations 37, no. 2 (June 1995): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569503700201.

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Decentralizing industrial relations within New South Wales is a central recom mendation of the Niland Green Paper (1989). Decentralism also represents the cornerstone of the New South Wales government's industrial relations reform agenda enshrined in the New South Wales Industrial Relations Act 1991. To date there has been little analysis of the impact o f this legislative change on industrial relations in the New South Wales public sector. This paper provides a case study that examines the degree to which responsibility for bargaining has been devolved within the Parks and Gardens of the New South Wales Ministry for the Environ ment. It argues that, in contrast to the rhetoric of the New South Wales Act, the central agency presiding over the introduction of enterprise bargaining in the public sector, the Public Employment and Industrial Relations Authority; has been reluctant to delegate responsibility to parties in the workplace.

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10

Field, Judith H., and Walter E. Boles. "Genyornis newtoniandDromaius novaehollandiaeat 30,000 b.p. in central northern New South Wales." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 22, no. 2 (January 1998): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115519808619199.

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11

Kemp, D. R., D. L. Michalk, and M. Goodacre. "Productivity of pasture legumes and chicory in central New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 1 (2002): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98171.

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Seven experiments were established across a range of environments (latitude 33°S) in central New South Wales to evaluate 52 legume cultivars and lines against currently recommended cultivars. Plots were grazed by either sheep or cattle after each harvest. Criteria for inclusion were that lines were either commercially available or in the process of being registered. Three experiments also included chicory. Sites had from 600 to 900 mm annual rainfall and were at altitudes of 440–1000 m. The 4-year program included the dry summer of 1990–91. White clover and subterranean clover were the most productive species over time. Among subterranean clovers, the subspecies subterraneum cultivars were more productive than the yanninicum or brachycalycinum subspecies. Other species such as balansa, Persian, strawberry, red and crimson clovers, lotus major and murex medic were more variable in production. These legumes often grew well in the establishment year, but failed to persist. Lucerne was in general, not as productive as white or subterranean clover. Caucasian clover and yellow serradella should be evaluated further as conclusive judgements could not be formed. Chicory was often the most productive species in the experiments, especially over the warmer 6 months of the year. It persisted under a 6-week harvest regime and during the drought year. The newer subterranean clover cultivars, Leura, Goulburn and Denmark all exceeded the production from the previously recommended cultivars, Woogenellup and Karridale, even though no major disease was evident in the later group. The lines 89820D and 89841E were sufficiently productive to warrant further evaluation and possible development as cultivars. In contrast, while Huia, Tahora, Bonadino and Tamar were often as productive as the recommended white clover cultivar Haifa, they were not consistently better. Where summer rainfall occurs and the annual rainfall exceeds 650 mm, the greater potential yield of white clover compared with subterranean clover justifies its use. However, no white clover cultivars survived the summer drought in 1990–91 as intact plants. Further work is needed to develop more drought-tolerant cultivars.

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12

Chan, R. A. "Evolution of the Girilambone regolith landscape, central-western New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, sup1 (July 2009): S105—S123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090902871135.

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13

McLean, Ross A. "New Early Silurian rugose corals from the Panuara area, central New South Wales." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 9, no. 1 (January 1985): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115518508618956.

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14

Penrose, L. D. J., N. A. Fettell, R. A. Richards, and D. J. Carpenter. "Predicting the development of photoperiod 'insensitive' winter wheats in south-central New South Wales." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 3 (2003): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01162.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vernalisation on the field development of vernalisation responsive wheats in south-central New South Wales, and to develop equations with which to predict their timing of ear emergence in this region. To achieve this, a 'phasic development' approach was taken by considering relationships between temperature and photoperiod and the duration of the leaf, spikelet, and stem development phases in 3 photoperiod 'insensitive' vernalisation responsive wheat cultivars. The responsiveness to vernalisation of these cultivars covered much of the range that has been reported in wheat. This study was conducted at 3 sites and over 6 sowing times (17 field environments), covering the geographic and commercial range in sowing time for wheat grown in this region of Australia. An initial step in this study was to obtain measures of development duration that were independent of site and sowing date over our 17 field environments. Thus, appropriate photo-thermal units of time were sought using a photoperiod and vernalisation insensitive control wheat. The appropriate base temperatures and photoperiods we found for these photo-thermal units were not entirely consistent with those found in previous studies. Phase durations of our vernalisation responsive wheat cultivars were measured in these units.Vernalisation was found to be the predominant factor determining duration of both the leaf and spikelet phases in our vernalisation responsive wheat cultivars. The relationship we found between accumulated vernalisation and the duration of the leaf phase was similar to the relationship found in an earlier study in a controlled environment. This relationship differed from those currently used in 'phasic development' models for wheat. There appeared to be some latitude in the range of vernalising temperatures that could be used to estimate vernalisation in our field environments. Duration of the stem phase was strongly influenced by photoperiod, and showed greatest complexity of control, to the extent that site-specific effects could not be removed from equations predicting the duration of this phase.Simplified regression equations appeared to predict time of ear emergence reasonably well over the range of environments considered in our study, with the exception of a few cultivar × sowing time combinations for which wheat would not be commercially sown in the region. The ability to predict time of ear emergence may allow plant breeders to evaluate development controls that might extend the range of environments over which winter wheats may be commercially sown in south-central New South Wales.

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15

Dickman, C. R., H. E. Parnaby, M. S. Crowther, and D. H. King. "Antechinus agilis (Marsupialia : Dasyuridae), a new species from the A. stuartii complex in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 46, no. 1 (1998): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo97036.

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A new species from the Antechinus stuartii stuartii complex, A. agilis, sp. nov., is described from Victoria and south-eastern New South Wales. It differs from A. stuartii primarily in its smaller average size, lighter and greyer fur colour, relatively smaller anterior and posterior palatal vacuities, and more rounded premolars. The species can be distinguished in the field on external morphology. A. agilis resembles A. stuartii adustus from northern Queensland more closely in skull and dental morphology than it does A. stuartii from central coastal New South Wales, with which it is parapatric and occasionally sympatric in the southern coastal part of the State. Considerable morphological variation is apparent amongst populations regarded previously as A. stuartii from southern Queensland and northern New South Wales, suggesting that more than one taxon is included currently under A. stuartii. Further clarification of the relationships of A. agilis requires evaluation of variation in such populations of A. stuartii and also with A. flavipes from northern New South Wales and southern and central Queensland.

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16

Webby, B. D., and J. Trotter. "Ordovician sponge spicules from New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 1 (January 1993): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000021144.

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An abundant, varied, and well-preserved assemblage of discrete sponge spicules of late Ordovician age is described from the Malongulli Formation of central New South Wales. It is associated with one of the most diverse Ordovician siliceous sponge faunas known. The assemblage occurs in allochthonous limestone blocks within breccia deposits of a predominantly graptolitic and spiculitic siltstone succession, and is composed mainly of hexactinellid spicule types. Included are a number of distinctive forms, recognized as new taxa—Silicunculus bengtsoni, Kometia cruciformis, Chelispongia prima, and Pseudolancicula exigua. All are new genera except Silicunculus Bengtson, 1986, which was previously described from the upper Cambrian of Queensland. The problematical Anomaloides reticulatus Ulrich, 1878, is reported for the first time from Australia. A wide variety of other diagnostic, but more generalized, spicule types also occurs, including stauractines, pinnular and nonpinnular pentactines and hexactines, ornamented oxyhexasters and echinhexasters, clavules, anchorate root-tufts, and uncinates. The pinnular pentactines may be assigned to the form genus Palaeorubus Ishiga (in Ishiga et al., 1987), interpreted incorrectly by Ishiga as a radiolarian. The sponges, discrete spicules, and radiolarians of these limestone clasts were transported in debris flows to a basinal setting from peri-platform oozes that formed on the flanks of the shallow offshore island-arc platform of the Molong High.

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17

LOWRY, J. K. "Talitrid amphipods from ocean beaches along the New South Wales coast of Australia (Amphipoda, Talitridae)." Zootaxa 3575, no. 1 (December 7, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3575.1.1.

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The sand-hopper Bellorchestia mariae sp. nov. is described from Honeymoon Bay on the north coast of Jervis Bay, NewSouth Wales, Australia. It is the sister species of B. richardsoni Serejo & Lowry, 2008 and appears to have a limited dis-tribution from about Narrawallee in the south to northern Jervis Bay. The distribution of B. richardsoni Serejo & Lowry,2008 is extended from Point Ricardo, Victoria, northwards to Ulladulla on the New South Wales coast. A new synonymyis proposed for the sand-hopper Notorchestia quadrimana (Dana, 1852) which includes N. novaehollandiae (1899) andN. lobata Serejo & Lowry, 2008. It is considered to be a wide-ranging species from Shark Bay in Western Australia aroundthe south coast to at least Maitland Bay in central New South Wales. The beach-hopper Orchestia dispar Dana, 1852 isdescribed from Valla Beach in northern New South Wales and moved to the new genus Vallorchestia. This is the first re-cord of V. dispar since its original description 160 years ago. The beach-hopper Platorchestia smithi sp. nov. is describedfrom Brooms Head, New South Wales, Australia. It is common on ocean beaches from Bendalong in the south to Ballina in northern New South Wales. South of Bendalong beach-hoppers on ocean beaches appear to be absent.

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18

Reimer, Robert F., and Peter R. Lewis. "Vaccine storage in pharmacies on the Central Coast of New South Wales." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 22, no. 2 (April 1998): 274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.1998.tb01189.x.

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19

Moriarty, Andrew, Glen Saunders, and Barry J. Richardson. "Mortality factors acting on adult rabbits in central-western New South Wales." Wildlife Research 27, no. 6 (2000): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99084.

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Mortality of radio-tagged adult rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (n = 274) was monitored for one year in central-western New South Wales. The overall mortality rate was 82%. Predation was the most important and consistent cause of adult rabbit mortality, accounting for 44% of the total number of rabbits, followed by Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD) (16%), myxomatosis (9%), unknown causes (9%), and enteritis/peritonitis (2%). Foxes were the most important predators, accounting for 28% of radio-tagged rabbits. Medium to large birds of prey were less important, accounting for 10%, followed by cats, which were responsible for 6% of the deaths of radio-collared rabbits. Myxomatosis outbreaks occurred in February/March and November–January. An RHD outbreak occurred during July, with 40% of the adult rabbit population being killed. The number of male and female radio-collared adult rabbits killed by each mortality agent throughout the year was similar. The proportions of warren-dwelling rabbits and surface-dwelling, solitary rabbits killed were similar overall; however, a significantly higher number of warren-dwelling rabbits were killed by myxomatosis and a significantly higher number of surface-dwelling rabbits were killed by RHD.

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20

Hesse, Paul P., Geoff S. Humphreys, Barton L. Smith, James Campbell, and Elizabeth K. Peterson. "Age of loess deposits in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales." Soil Research 41, no. 6 (2003): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02152.

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Basal optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of more than 50 000 years in loessic (parna) mantles on the Central Tablelands of New South Wales indicate significant aeolian silt (c. 30 μm mode) deposition commenced well before the onset of the last glacial maximum. Each mantle consists of >1 m of reddish silty clay loam–silty clay with an earthy fabric which sits atop manganese and iron pans and saprolite. Mixing of saprolite-derived material into the pans and also into the silty layer indicates a site history of steady accumulation of aeolian loess and continual pedogenesis. No palaeosols are found. The OSL chronology of both sites, while low resolution, indicates an almost constant mass accumulation rate from 50 000 years ago through the last glacial maximum and into the Holocene. Local factors affecting retention of deposited dust may be responsible for the apparent passivity of the sites.

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21

Semple, WS, TB Koen, and IA Cole. "Establishing Native Grasses in Degraded Pastures of Central Western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 21, no. 2 (1999): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9990153.

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Renewed interest in native grasses in recent years has led to the release of a small number of cultivars but for most native species, seed is only available from wild stands. Seed can be harvested with a brush harvester but cleaning seed to a level that will allow it to pass through conventional sowing equipment is often difficult. Techniques for successful field establishment of native species are still not fully understood. From 1993 to 1995, native grasses (mainly warm-season types) were sown in early spring in exotic pastures at a number of sites in the Central West of NSW. Various seedbed types, sowing methods and species were evaluated in six experiments. In five of the experiments, establishment was low for most species - a result attributed primarily to weed competition. At one site in 1994, however, the combination of a cultivated seedbed, 18 months of pre-sowing weed control, relatively low soil fertility and a high sowing rate resulted in high emergence of most species and acceptable survival of Paspalidium jubi$orum, Themeda australis and to a lesser extent, Chloris ventricosa and C. truncata. Key words: exotic species, native species, emergence, survival, seedbed, weed control.

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22

Barraclough, Helen, Stephen Morrell, Maria Arcorace, Heather J. McElroy, and Deborah F. Baker. "Degree-of-spread artefact in the New South Wales Central Cancer Registry." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 32, no. 5 (October 2008): 414–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008.00271.x.

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23

Haron, M., and D. Dragovich. "Climatic influences on dryland salinity in central west New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Arid Environments 74, no. 10 (October 2010): 1216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.04.014.

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24

Cameron, Matt. "Nesting habitat of the glossy black-cockatoo in central New South Wales." Biological Conservation 127, no. 4 (February 2006): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.08.019.

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25

Valentine, James L., and Glenn A. Brock. "A new siphonotretid brachiopod from the Silurian of central-western New South Wales, Australia." Records of the Australian Museum 55, no. 2 (August 13, 2003): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.55.2003.1378.

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26

Millott, Jacqueline, and Keith McDougall. "A new species of Pomaderris (Rhamnaceae) from the Central Tablelands of New South Wales." Telopea 11, no. 1 (September 7, 2005): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea20055706.

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27

Cresswell, GC. "Development of a leaf sampling technique and leaf standards for kiwifruit in New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 3 (1989): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890411.

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The nutrient composition of foliage from mature vines of the kiwifruit varieties, Hayward and Bruno was monitored monthly over 3 consecutive growing seasons in an orchard on the central coast of New South Wales. Within a season, concentrations of N (5.07-2.74%), P (1.0-0.44%), K (3.29-1.95%) and Zn (36-19 mg/kg) in the first leaf after the fruit generally declined while concentrations of Ca (1.4 1 - 4.21%), Mg(0.28-0.50%) and Mn (151-275 mg/kg) increased. Leaf composition was relatively stable in February and this is proposed as a suitable standard sampling time for leaf analysis in New South Wales. Only minor differences in nutrient composition were found between the first leaf and other potential index leaves remaining on shoots at this time. Using this leaf sampling procedure, commercial kiwifruit orchards in New South Wales were surveyed over 3 consecutive seasons. The applicability of the New Zealand leaf analysis standards for use in New South Wales was assessed by comparing the predicted and actual performance of orchards in the survey. Where unreasonable divergence between the two was noted the standards were amended to make them more relevant to field conditions in New South Wales.

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28

Tindale, MD, PG Kodela, and C. Herscovitch. "Acacia meiantha (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae), a new species from the central tablelands of New South Wales." Australian Systematic Botany 5, no. 6 (1992): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9920761.

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Acacia meiantha Tindale & Herscovitch, a rare new species of Acacia sect. Phyllodineae, locally common at Clarence, Blue Mountains and in Mullions Range State Forest, on the Central Tablelands, New South Wales, is described and illustrated together with a distribution map. Its putative relationships to the polymorphic Acacia linifolia (Vent.) Willd. as well as to A. boormanii Maiden are discussed in detail. A key is also provided to A. meiantha and its allies.

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29

Rawsthorne, John. "Presence and breeding of the Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater in central New South Wales." Australian Field Ornithology 33 (2016): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo33097101.

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30

Midgley, David J., Jennifer A. Saleeba, Michael I. Stewart, Alice E. Simpson, and Peter A. McGee. "Molecular diversity of soil basidiomycete communities in northern-central New South Wales, Australia." Mycological Research 111, no. 3 (March 2007): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2007.01.011.

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31

Zhen, Yong-Yi, Barry D. Webby, and Christopher R. Barnes. "Upper Ordovician conodonts from the Bowan Park succession, central New South Wales, Australia." Geobios 32, no. 1 (January 1999): 73–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(99)80084-9.

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32

Fengjun, NIE, JIANG Sihong, ZHAO Shengmin, and David COOKE. "Ordovician Intrusive-related Gold-Copper Mineralization in West-Central New South Wales, Australia." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 74, no. 4 (September 7, 2010): 807–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2000.tb00497.x.

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33

Hooper, B., P. S. Heithersay, M. B. Mills, J. W. Lindhorst, and J. Freyberg. "Shoshonite‐hosted endeavour 48 porphyry copper‐gold deposit, Northparkes, central New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 3 (June 1996): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099608728255.

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34

Li, Z. X., P. W. Schmidt, and B. J. J. Embleton. "Paleomagnetism of the Hervey Group, Central New South Wales and its tectonic implications." Tectonics 7, no. 3 (June 1988): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/tc007i003p00351.

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35

Maze, KM, TB Koen, and LA Watt. "Factors Influencing the Germination of Six Perennial Grasses of Central New South Wales." Australian Journal of Botany 41, no. 1 (1993): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9930079.

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The effect of light, storage time, temperature regimes and water potential were examined on the germination of five native grasses of central New South Wales (Enteropogon ramosus, Bothriochloa macra, Elymus scabrus, Chloris truncata and Danthonia caespitosa), and one introduced grass (Eragrostis curvula). Caryopses of E. ramosus, B. macra and E. curvula reached maximum germination soon after harvest. The remaining species reached maximum germination after 6-10 months storage. For all species, except E. scabrus, the effect of light on germination changed with duration of storage and with the presence of the lemma and palea. The viability of naked caryopses was reduced more rapidly than the viability of caryopses stored with the lemma and palea intact, for all tested species; E. scabrus and E. curvula were not tested. E. scabrus, C. truncata, D. caespitosa and E. curvula had greater than 50% germination over a range of alternating temperatures. E. ramosus had the narrowest temperature range for good germination, exceeding 50% germination only at temperatures above 30/20*#176 (day/night). E. ramosus and E. curvula germinated over a wider range of water potential than the other species. The germination of D. caespitosa, B. macra and C. truncata fell significantly at a water potential of -0.1 MPa. It is concluded that temperature is likely to impede the germination of most of these grasses only in mid winter, and that soil water potential will probably have an overriding influence on the season of germination.

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36

Slack, Jill, and Michael O'Rourke. "The Kamilaroi Lands: North-Central New South Wales in the Early 19th Century." Labour History, no. 79 (2000): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516748.

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Bowman, A. M., M. B. Peoples, W. Smith, and J. Brockwell. "Factors affecting nitrogen fixation by dryland lucerne in central-western New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 4 (2002): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01103.

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Eight stands of dryland lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) cv. Trifecta were grown on a red-brown earth at Trangie, New South Wales. The stands were of varying age and plant density. Their biomass production and capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen were measured on 15 occasions over a 5-year period (1995-99). Biomass production (shoot dry matter) ranged from 0.22 to 4.87 t/ha.year and nitrogen fixed from 1.8 to 78.6 kg/ha.year. Whereas biomass production was highest in summer periods, most nitrogen fixation took place in winter and autumn. Irrespective of stand age, greatest productivity occurred in the early years of the experiment and declined thereafter. Plant density varied from 6 to 21 plants/m2 at the commencement of the study and decreased over time. We conclude that the productive life of dryland lucerne stands in this environment is probably limited by frequent periods of moisture stress and high soil temperatures in summer. Stands with a lucerne density of 8 plants/m2 or better produced twice as much shoot biomass and fixed nearly double the amount of shoot N as did stands with densities of 7 plants/m2 or less. There was no relationship between the age of lucerne stands per se and biomass production or nitrogen fixation. The practical implication of this work for farmers in the dryland cropping zone of central-western New South Wales who wish to maximise nitrogen fixation from the lucerne phase of their cropping rotations is to establish and maintain dryland lucerne at 8 plants/m2 or better.

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Molsher, R. L. "Trapping and demographics of feral cats (Felis catus) in central New South Wales." Wildlife Research 28, no. 6 (2001): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00027.

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A total of 76 feral cats (Felis catus) (29 individuals; 47 recaptures) was trapped during 6027 trap-nights using both cage and leg-hold traps from November 1994 to August 1996 at Lake Burrendong in central New South Wales. No significant difference was found in the relative capture efficiency between cage and leg-hold traps (P > 0.05). Overall capture efficiency was 1.3 cats per 100 trap-nights, although this varied seasonally, being higher in late autumn and early winter. Most cats were caught with rabbit as bait, and visual and olfactory lures added to baits did not appear to increase capture efficiency, although the power of the test was limited. Most captured cats were adult males weighing 4.37 0.14 kg; these were larger than the females (3.34 0.06 kg). Litters, comprising 2–5 kittens, were born between September and March.

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Briggs, S. V., J. A. Seddon, and S. J. Doyle. "Structures of bird communities in woodland remnants in central New South Wales, Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 55, no. 1 (2007): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo06064.

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The overall aim of this study was to investigate structures of bird communities in remnants of fragmented box/cypress pine woodlands in central New South Wales, Australia, to guide habitat rehabilitation. The aims of the study were to: (1) determine how bird densities and species richness varied with remnant category; (2) determine how ranked densities of bird species varied by feeding group with remnant category; and (3) provide information on structures of bird communities in box/cypress pine woodlands to guide restoration. Structures of bird communities varied with remnant category. Large remnants had the most species whereas medium-sized and small remnants in low condition had the fewest. Bird densities increased with decreasing remnant area although densities did not differ significantly between remnant categories. Ranked bird densities varied between remnant categories, with relatively even distributions in large remnants in high condition, and uneven distributions in small remnants in low condition. Densities of small insectivores were much lower in small, low-condition remnants than in large, high-condition remnants. Densities of generalists such as noisy miner and galah showed the reverse pattern. The structures of bird communities in large remnants in good condition provide a reference state for assessing recovery of bird communities.

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Pickett, John, and Ian G. Percival. "Ordovician faunas and biostratigraphy in the Gunningbland area, central New South Wales, Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 25, no. 1 (January 2001): 9–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510108619212.

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Massey, C. "Corridor Health Survey, of the Upper Lachlan Catchment, Central West, New South Wales." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 2 (1998): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98333.

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A major survey of stream corridor health was undertaken in the upper Lachlan Catchment. The survey provides a benchmark assessment of the riverine environment condition. The following attributes were examined: reach environments, channel habitat, cross-section analysis, bank condition and composition, bed and bar condition, riparian vegetation (presence and structure), aquatic habitat analysis, scenic, recreational and conservation values. This paper outlines some of the prelimin~ results related to the assessment of riverine vegetation in this catchment an area of approximately 35 000 km. The survey found that 77% of the riparian vegetation was highly degraded, 10% in poor condition, 4% moderate and 3% in good condition. Six percent of the upper catchment's riparian vegetation was in pristine condition, mostly confined to tributaries of the Abercrombie River. The average width of the riparian zone in the Upper Lachlan Catchment is 12.2 m. This approximates to one or possibly two mature tree widths (species dependant). Trees are generally confined to the banks of water courses and there is very little diversity, structural or species, in the shrub and ground cover understorey. Some implications for platypus conservation are discussed.

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Giles, Robyn L., Andrew N. Drinnan, and Neville G. Walsh. "Variation in Phebalium glandulosum subsp. glandulosum: morphometric and anatomical evidence (Rutaceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 21, no. 4 (2008): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb07023.

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Specimens of Phebalium glandulosum Hook. subsp. glandulosum representing the entire geographic range of the subspecies were examined for morphological and anatomical variation. Phenetic patterns were identified with the pattern analysis package PATN, and three distinct groups were identified. One group consists of plants from inland areas of New South Wales, north-western Victoria, and the Yorke and Eyre Peninsulas of South Australia; a second group consists of plants collected from alongside the Snowy River in eastern Victoria and south-eastern New South Wales; and a third group consists of plants from Queensland and northern New South Wales. The climate analysis program BIOCLIM was used to compare climate variables across the geographic range, and showed clear climatic separation in support of the phenetic analysis. The three groups are formally recognised here as distinct subspecies. Plants from Queensland and the Bourke region of northern New South Wales belong to the typical subspecies; plants from north-western Victoria, central New South Wales, and the Yorke and Eyre Peninsulas of South Australia form a cohesive assemblage and are recognised as a new subspecies P. glandulosum subsp. macrocalyx; and plants from the Snowy River in far eastern Victoria and the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales form a distinct and isolated group recognised as a new subspecies P. glandulosum subsp. riparium. These new subspecies are formally described, and an identification key and summaries distinguishing all six subspecies of P. glandulosum are presented.

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Mbuthia, E. W., J. H. Shariff, A. Raman, D. S. Hodgkins, H. I. Nicol, and S. Mannix. "Abundance and diversity of soil arthropods and fungi in shelterbelts integrated with pastures in the central tablelands of New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Forest Science 58, No. 12 (December 11, 2012): 560–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/12/2012-jfs.

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Shelterbelts are important for the sustainability of agriculture because they provide a variety of benefits to farmers and the society. Several published papers demonstrate that integration of shelterbelts with agroecosystems offers positive outcomes, such as better yield, more congenial microclimate, and greater organic matter levels. Nonetheless, soil biological diversity, the driver of greater organic matter levels, has not been convincingly tested and verified yet. In addressing this gap, we measured abundance and diversity of populations of arthropods and fungi in three<br />11-year old shelterbelts integrated with pasture to determine whether a correlation exists between the abundance of and diversity in populations of arthropods and fungi in two seasons: late autumn-early winter (May–June 2011) and late winter-early spring (August–September 2011). Litter from the soil surface and soil from two depths were sampled at increasing distance from the midpoint of shelterbelts for the extraction of arthropods and isolation culturing of fungi. The relationship among distance, depth and biodiversity of different groups of arthropods and fungi was analysed using linear regression. We found that over both seasons arthropod abundance in the litter and soil declined with increasing distance from the midpoint of the shelterbelts, and with soil depth. However, fungi abundance in either season was not affected by proximity to the shelterbelt but increased with greater soil depth. Distance from the shelterbelt midpoints did not bear an impact on the diversity richness of both arthropods and fungi.

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Ballsun-Stanton, Brian, Lise Waldek, and Julian Droogan. "Online Right-Wing Extremism: New South Wales, Australia." Proceedings 77, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2021077018.

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Academics and policymakers recognize the absence of empirically grounded research to support the suppositions on which terrorist focused policies are based. (Sageman, Marc. 2014. “The Stagnation in Terrorism Research”. Terrorism and Political Violence 26 (4): 565–80) We developed our project, Mapping Networks and Narratives of Online Right-Wing Extremists in New South Wales, (Department of Security Studies and Criminology. 2020. Mapping Networks and Narratives of Online Right-Wing Extremists in New South Wales. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4071472) to illuminate this space. Using the analysis of large-scale online data to generate evidence-based insights into online Right-Wing Extremism (RWE) across the state, our research focused on four key questions: (1) What is the nature of the online RWE environment in New South Wales, Australia (NSW)? (2) How is this movement distributed across NSW? (3) How are themes and narratives framed in different online contexts to mobilize support? (4) What level of risk does the online right-wing environment pose? These questions were left purposely broad to facilitate an exploratory project into what was, in 2018–2019, still a relatively little studied milieu. We combined expertise from computational science, security studies, and behavioral science. We were funded by the Department of Communities and Justice, NSW. We identified two distinct—yet connected—levels of risk. The first was a creeping threat to democracy fueled by networks and content that challenged the fundamental principles of pluralistic liberal democracy. The second was a risk of violence perpetrated by individuals and/or groups that advocate and/or support the use of violence as a tactic to achieve an ideological end. The communities we examined were primarily characterized by networks of individuals as opposed to formal groups. The role played by individual influencers has important ramifications for policy communities: attention should be paid to issues of proscription and moderation. While this milieu engaged with Australian issues and events, it was notably far more obsessed with American issues: particularly those focused on populist narratives and Trumpism. Despite being hateful and extreme, online RWE communities are, firstly, spaces of sociability for users, where social networks are maintained by shared values and norms. For those involved, these spaces engender positive experiences: individuals might share an image of their dinner cooking in their kitchen interspersed with “shitposting” and virulent hate speech. While we identified a variety of narratives that focused on the delegitimization of government and dehumanization of others, the central theme was that of “white identity under threat”. We observed five distinct stages of moderation approach and echo chamber strength. A series of issues for future consideration were identified from the analysis: (1) Awareness raising for key stakeholders across different levels of government and civil society about the revolutionary and anti-social agenda of RWE communities. (2) Building awareness about the civic underpinnings of representative liberal democracy and the threat that RWE poses. (3) Expanding current Countering Violent Extremism infrastructure provided by the NSW government to individuals and communities vulnerable to right wing extremism. (4) The local government is well positioned to deliver programs in rural communities impacted by RWE. (5) Upskilling front-line workers to recognize the risks associated with RWE, and providing pathways into CVE intervention programs for individuals identified as being at-risk.

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A. Seddon, J., S. V Briggs, and S. J. Doyle. "Relationships between bird species and characteristics of woodland remnants in central New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 9, no. 2 (2003): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030095.

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This study investigated relationships between birds and characteristics of woodland remnants in the central wheat/sheep belt of New South Wales, in order to provide information for conservation management of woodland birds and their habitats in this region. Birds were surveyed in standard area plots in 36 woodland remnants, which ranged from 1 to 1 376 hectares in size, in the central Lachlan catchment in the wheat/sheep belt of New South Wales. Habitat (e.g., shrub cover) and landscape (measures of isolation) characteristics of the remnants were recorded also. Presence/absence occurrences of 20 or more bird species, mostly woodland birds, were positively related to remnant area, shrub cover, number of shrub species, pine cover, fallen logs and branches, and number of remnants within two and five kilometres of the survey remnant. Species of birds that are habitat generalists showed negative or no relationships with these habitat and landscape variables. Richness of all bird species was positively related to remnant area and shrub cover. Number of woodland bird species was positively related to remnant area, shrub cover and tree hollows. Lower species diversities in smaller remnants were most likely caused by lower chances of survival or of successful breeding in small remnants, effects of isolation on the ability of birds to recolonize smaller remnants, small remnants being of insufficient area for some species to form territories, and generally poor habitat quality in small remnants. Retention, management and enhancement of woodland remnants 10 to 20 hectares or larger in size with good understorey cover are necessary for the future viability of woodland birds in the wheat/sheep belt of New South Wales.

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Bishop, Paul. "Horizontal stability of the Australian continental drainage divide in south central New South Wales during the Cainozoic." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, no. 3 (September 1986): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120098608729367.

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Cook, IO, and PY Ladiges. "Morphological variation within Eucalyptus nitens s. lat. and recognition of a new species, E. denticulata." Australian Systematic Botany 4, no. 2 (1991): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9910375.

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The complete geographic range of Eucalyptus nitens s. lat. (shining gum) was sampled to determine the pattern of variation in adult and seedling morphology. Analyses of the different data sets indicated the presence of two distinct taxa: one, characterised by denticulate adult leaf margins, is described as E. denticulata sp. nov.; the other, characterised by entire leaf margins, is E. nitens s. str. Many other characters distinguish the two taxa. Mature trees of E. denticulata have leaves with higher oil gland density, longer peduncles, more cup-shaped rather than barrel-shaped fruit, more frequently exserted valves, and rounded and longer flower buds compared with E. nitens s. str. Seedlings of the two species can be distinguished mainly on the basis that those of E. denticulata have longer internodes and leaves which clasp the stem to a lesser extent. The major occurrence of E. denticulata is on the Errinundra Plateau, East Gippsland, with limited occurrences in the Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands of Victoria. Eucalyptus nitens s. str. is found in isolated stands in New South Wales and Victoria. The two species are allopatric, with the exception of the Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands of Victoria where some stands are mixed. Eucalyptus nitens s. str. is also geographically variable, comprising three distinct geographic races: northern and central New South Wales, southern New South Wales, and the Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands of Victoria.

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Winchester-Seeto, Theresa. "Chitinozoa from the Early Devonian (Lochkovian–Pragian) Garra Limestone, central New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 5 (September 1993): 738–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000037033.

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Chitinozoa have been recovered from three sections within the Garra Limestone in central New South Wales, Australia. A total of 31 species are identified and two new species, Angochitina hypenetes and Bursachitina mawsonae, are described. Three stratigraphically distinct assemblages from the late Lochkovian to the early Pragian are distinguished and compared with faunas of a similar age from Europe and northern Africa.

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McMinn, Andrew. "Recent Dinoflagellate Cysts from Estuaries on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia." Micropaleontology 37, no. 3 (1991): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1485890.

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Evans, C. M., and B. J. Scott. "Surface soil acidity and fertility in the central-western wheatbelt of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 2 (2007): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04165.

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Documentation of the chemical fertility status of the soils is sparse for the western and central-western wheatbelt of New South Wales, Australia. We examined properties of the surface soils (0–10 cm) from central-western NSW by collating two published and nine unpublished datasets of soil analyses representing about 2800 soil samples. The emphasis was on the red soils used extensively for cropping. The surface soils of central-western NSW have low phosphorus (47% of soils) and sulfur (70% of soils <5 mg S/kg using KCl-40 analysis) status and commonly have organic carbon contents of about 1%. Surface soil acidity was a substantial problem with 56% of soils (0–10 cm) having a pHCa <5.0. Sodic and dispersive soils are also of concern in this area and these soils have received little attention or research. Approximately 5% of surface (0–10 cm) soils had an exchangeable sodium percentage of ≥6% (sodic). Salinity of surface soils was of minor significance compared with other soil problems in the area, although isolated areas occur. These results indicated that lime applications in this area are likely to benefit crop and pasture production. Additional use of phosphorus and sulfur fertilisers and agricultural practices which increase or maintain organic carbon will also need to be adopted to improve pasture and crop production. The use of gypsum and/or lime on sodic soils may also need to be addressed. As a priority, we suggest that the benefits of lime application to crop yield be examined. The application of lime to the 0–10 cm soil depth should ultimately arrest acidification of the subsurface soil (10–20 cm depth) through downward movement of the lime effect. Further examination of gypsum applications to dispersive sodic soils and the evaluation of sulfur deficiency in the field for pastures and canola are also priority areas of likely agricultural relevance.

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