Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Central nervous systems'
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Radke, James Melvin. "Studies involving somatostatin systems in the rodent central nervous system." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26518.
Full textMedicine, Faculty of
Graduate
Stumpf, da Silva Taisa Regina. "Delivery Systems to Enhance Neural Regeneration in the Central Nervous System." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39391.
Full textMorgenstern, Daniel Alexander. "Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans in the peripheral and central nervous systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620931.
Full textRubeo, Scott Edward. "Control of Simulated Cockroach Using Synthetic Nervous Systems." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1495555770825904.
Full textMarsh, Barnaby C. L. "The Role of Osteopontin in the Peripheral and Central Nervous Systems." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486122.
Full textJansson, Björn. "Models for the transfer of drugs from the nasal cavity to the central nervous system /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis: Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3905.
Full textShanbhag, Mihir S. Wheatley Margaret A. "Development of a multi-functional construct for central nervous system repair /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2906.
Full textGonçalves, Vanessa Santos Silva. "Overcoming Central Nervous System-barriers by the development of hybrid structured systems for nose-to-brain drug delivery using clean technologies." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/56395.
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McClure-Sharp, Jilliane Mary, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor concentration and overflow in the rat central nervous system." Deakin University. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1998. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060802.143911.
Full textPassaro, Peter A. "Multi-electrode array recording and data analysis methods for molluscan central nervous systems." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/43341/.
Full textMounger, David Kyle, Kynlee Hillard, Brooke Tipton, Grayson D. White, and Matthew R. Zahner. "GLP-1 agonist liraglutide increases metabolic- and cardiovascular-related sympathetic activity of the central nervous system." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/58.
Full textMartel, Jean-Claude. "Autoradiographic and pharmacological studies of neuropeptide Y receptors in central and peripheral nervous systems." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74569.
Full textThe possible existence of NPY/peptide YY (PYY) receptor subtypes was investigated in the rat brain. Overall, the similar autoradiographic distribution of ($ sp{125}$I) BH-NPY and ($ sp{125}$I) PYY in most areas suggests that these two receptor probes most likely interact with the same population of NPY/PYY receptor sites. ($ sp{125}$I) PYY may recognize both a high and low affinity state/subtype of NPY/PYY receptors while ($ sp{125}$I) BH-NPY recognize a single affinity state of receptor having the binding characteristics of the low affinity ($ sp{125}$I) PYY receptor state/subtype. The exact nature of this high affinity receptor state/subtype remains to be established.
Finally, the structural requirements of NPY receptors in central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous systems were also examined with a binding assay on rat brain membrane preparation and with the rat vas deferens bioassay preparation. The amino acid residues responsible for the activation of NPY receptors in the rat vas deferens preparation lie in the C-terminal half of the NPY molecule as revealed by the loss of potency, but not of biological activity with C-terminal fragments up to NPY$ sb{18-36}$. The N-terminal portion of the NPY molecule appears to be mostly important to insure adequate affinity for central and peripheral NPY receptors. Moreover, a series of NPY analogs revealed that the two tyrosine residues in position 20 and 21 are not directly involved in NPY receptor activation in this bioassay preparation, although they appear relatively important for the maintenance of adequate affinity for the receptors. Interestingly, modifications of the tyrosine residue in position 20 led to the development of two analogs demonstrating a certain degree of selectivity for the PNS receptors while other modifications of tyrosine residues in position 21 may provide some selectivity for CNS receptor sites. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Laguna, Tuset Ariadna. "Study of Dyrk1a kinase in central nervous systems development: implication in mouse retina development." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7115.
Full textDYRK1A is located in a region of human chromosome 21 (HSA21) that has been associated to the neurodevelopmental impairments shown by individuals with HSA21 aneuploidies. This work shows changes in Dyrk1A gene dosage in the mouse strongly alter the cellularity in inner retina layers and results in severe functional alterations. Moreover, overexpression of Dyrk1A is solely responsible for the retina alterations shown by Ts65Dn mice, a mouse model for Down syndrome. The precise regulation of programmed cell death is critical for the normal development of the nervous system. This work demonstrates that DYRK1A protein kinase is a negative regulator of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in the developing retina. DYRK1A does not affect the proliferation or specification of retina progenitor cells, but rather regulates the number of cells that die by apoptosis. Caspase-9 is a novel DYRK1A substrate, and the phosphorylation on caspase-9 at threonine residue 125 by DYRK1A protects retina cells from apoptotic cell death. This data suggests a model in which dysregulation of the apoptotic response in differentiating neurons participates in the neuropathology of diseases that display DYRK1A gene dosage imbalance effects.
Smith, Jacqueline Anne McInnes. "Characterisation of kappa opioid receptors in the guinea-pig and rat central nervous systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333423.
Full textSandberg, Arne. "Dynamic Changes in the Peripheral and the Central Nervous Systems in Patients with Prior Polio." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4617.
Full textTigerholm, Jenny. "Mechanisms of excitability in the central and peripheral nervous systems : Implications for epilepsy and chronic pain." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Beräkningsbiologi, CB, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-93496.
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Geiselbrecht, Hannes [Verfasser], and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Melzer. "Morphology and evolution of Malacostraca : structure of central nervous systems, mandibles and sensilla / Hannes Geiselbrecht. Betreuer: Roland Melzer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1056876670/34.
Full textFerri, Catharine C. "The role of the p75 low-affinity neurotrophin receptor in the peripheral and central nervous systems following nerve injury." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ31203.pdf.
Full textRosin, Åsa. "Effects of joint cocaine and ethanol on the brain opioid systems /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-441-4/.
Full textBirgner, Carolina. "Anabolic androgenic steroids and central monoaminergic systems : Supratherapeutic doses of nandrolone decanoate affect dopamine and serotonin." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9208.
Full textSupratherapeutic doses of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are administered, not only as performance-enhancing drugs in the world of sports, but also in order to modify behaviour. AAS abusers are at risk of developing serious physical and psychological side effects such as dependence and aggressive behaviour. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of supratherapeutic doses of nandrolone decanoate after subchronic administration on dopamine and serotonin pathways involved in drug dependence and aggression, in the male rat brain.
Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received intramuscular injections of nandrolone decanoate (3 or 15 mg/kg) or vehicle once daily for 14 days. Nandrolone decanoate pre-exposure abolished the effect of amphetamine on the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) tissue level in the hypothalamus and on the DOPAC/dopamine ratio in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus. A significant decrease of the basal extracellular DOPAC and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels could be detected in the nucleus accumbens, which remained low during the first hour following the amphetamine challenge. Nandrolone decanoate significantly reduced the activity of both monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A and -B) in the caudate putamen and amygdala. The gene transcript levels of MAO-B, and the dopamine D1 and D4 receptors were altered in limbic regions. No changes in transcriptional levels could be detected among the serotonin receptor genes examined. However, the density of the serotonin transporter protein was elevated in a range of aggression-related brain regions.
Taken together, subchronic administration of nandrolone decanoate causes dopaminergic and serotonergic dysregulations in distinct brain regions. These areas of the brain are involved in the development of drug dependence and expression of impulsive and aggressive behaviours. These results may contribute to explain some of the behavioural changes often reported in AAS abusers, such as polydrug use and impaired impulse control.
Ye, Ping. "The regulation of 11-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) gene expression in the rat central nervous and cardiovascular systems." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414120.
Full textDoenlen, Raphael Aloise. "Fingerprints of neural activity after peripheral immune challenges : an experimental study on the communication between the immune and central nervous systems /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18084.
Full textSpaw, Alexandra J. "Fetal Developmental Anatomy of the Human Cardiovascular and Central Nervous Systems Using Lugol’s Iodine Staining and Micro-Computed Tomography." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1398950897.
Full textChaves, Hernández Aida Jeannette. "Study of the pathogenesis of highly pathogenic influenza A virus (H7N1) infection in chickens, with special focus in the central nervous system." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83958.
Full textHighly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) cause a very severe systemic disease in chickens, in which is also frequent to find central nervous system (CNS) lesions. In this thesis, three studies were undertaken in order to determine the mechanism of pathogenesis, the neurotropism and establish the route of entry into the CNS use for a H7N1 HPAI virus. In the first study, an animal model was set up that consisted of SPF chickens inoculated intranasally with the H7N1 HPAI virus. To do that, three different doses were used, obtaining that the highest dose induced a disease similar to the produce by other HPAI viruses, moreover, it was also observed that very low doses also cause infection demonstrated because viral RNA was found in tissues samples, faeces and respiratory secretions. Besides, the high neurotropism of this virus was demonstrated because still in chickens inoculated with low doses, viral RNA is found in the brain. Viremia was detected at one dpi, which indicated that the bloodstream is the pathway of viral spreading to the brain. In the second study, the topographical distribution study of the viral antigen during the first dpi was determined, which allow to determine that the virus disseminates showing a symmetrical and bilateral pattern in the diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon, whereas in the telencephalon and cerebellum it was multifocal and random. Viral antigen distribution indicates that the olfactory bulb (OB) and peripheral nerves are not involved in the process of virus invasion into the brain. Avian and human influenza receptors were found in endothelial cells which explain why these cells are so sensitive to the infection. Viral RNA was found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at one dpi, indicating that the virus was able to cross blood brain barrier (BBB). In the third study, the disruption of the BBB induce by the H7N1 HPAI was demonstrated using three different methods that include the intracardial perfusion of the tracer Evans blue (EB), detection of the extravasation serum IgY, and evaluation of the pattern of staining of the tight junction proteins ZO-1 and claudin-1. Viral antigen can be observed as early as 24 hpi in the endothelial cells, whereas disruption was detected at 36 and 48 hpi. In summary, it can be asserted that this H7N1 HPAIV disseminates via the haematogenous route early during the infection, favored by the presence of abundant receptors on the CNS endothelial cells, and soon after it disrupts the BBB during the first hours of infection as demonstrated by the presence of EB and serum IgY extravasation.
Bland-Ward, Philip Antony. "Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by indazole derivatives : an evaluation of the pharmacological effects of 7-nitro indazole in the cariovascular and central nervous systems." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363010.
Full textHenry, Axelle. "Vectorisation cérébrale de deux radiotraceurs d’intérêts pour l’imagerie, la m-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) et la 3’-désoxy-3’- fluoro-L-thymidine (FLT)." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0019.
Full textThis research work focuses on targeting MIBG or FLT to the central nervous system. The synthesis of 1,4-dihydroquinoline carriers was first carried out in a non-radioactive manner. Previous results led us to consider the use of a linker to connect MIBG to the carrier. Regarding FLT, we focused our interest in the development of a carrier system connected directly to FLT via an ester function. For modulating the redox properties of our delivery systems, we synthesized 1,4-dihydroquinolines having electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups at position 6 and/or 7. A study in acetonitrile/PBS buffer to determine the influence of these groups on the release of FLT was performed by HPLC. The radiosynthesis of these targeting systems was then conducted to evaluate the ability of 1,4- dihydroquinolines to deliver MIBG or FLT across the blood brain barrier (BBB). Thus, using carbon-11, we radiolabeled the delivery systems to validate the BBB crossing. Small animais were used for ex vivo studies to monitor the brain penetration and the kinetics of oxidation in the brain and periphery
Johansson, Jenny. "The Impact of Growth Hormone and Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) on Systems Related to Cognition." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-185631.
Full textLothian, Carina. "Nestin regulation in the embryonic and adult CNS /." Stockholm : [Karolinska institutets bibl.], 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-7349-057-1/.
Full text周韋基 and Wai-kei Dominic Chau. "A morphometric study of axon-glial interactions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31212141.
Full textChau, Wai-kei Dominic. "A morphometric study of axon-glial interactions /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14801486.
Full textKopp, Jutta Maria. "Expression, regulation and functional aspects of the NPY Y1 receptors in rat /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4776-7/.
Full textZhang, Xiaochun. "Involvement of neuroinflammation in models of neurodegeneration." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1663059561&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textMallah, Khalil. "In depth systemic biology analysis of central nervous system injuries." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1S108/document.
Full textIn the context of studying biological alterations occurring post impact to the central nervous system, my thesis was focused on studying the proteomic and lipid changes occurring post injury to the brain and spinal cord. A fundamental spatio-temporal study was conducted on an open-head rat TBI model to identify potential injury-specific markers. Using MALDI MSI, we performed 3D reconstruction of the injured brain at 3 days after injury and depicted lesion-specific m/z lipid molecules. After, MALDI MSI was applied on the acute/sub-acute time frame post impact: 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 10 days. In parallel, a microproteomic analysis was carried out on tissue segments directly consecutive to the imaged ones in an approach to correlate both lipid and protein changes. Our results yielded the identification of a family of lipids, acylcarnitines, which are expressed within the injured cortex with maximum intensity 3 days post impact. These lipid molecules also were found to be expressed in the substantia nigra and microproteomics data showed an upregulation in expression of Parkinson’s related proteins. Taken altogether, our results depict a role of link between mild-TBI and Parkinson’s disease as early as 3 days post impact, with a possible role of acylcarnitine. This same family of molecules was also present in SCI. In a therapeutic approach previous results showed RhoA protein as a major candidate post impact in SCI. After using RhoA inhibitor treatment, a proteomic study was carried out to investigate its impact on SCI. The results showed that both in-vivo and in-vitro treatment with RhoA inhibitor stimulated neurite outgrowth and helped in axonal regeneration
Ng, Tat-fong. "Molecular basis for regeneration of CNS : a possible regulatory role of growth associated protein-43 /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17538786.
Full textSolomon, Thomas. "Central nervous system infections in Vietnam." Thesis, Open University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340736.
Full textZhang, Hui. "Remyelination in the central nervous system." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8095.
Full textGrano, Fernanda Grecco. "Investigação do perfil de expressão gênica de receptores tipo toll e citocinas inflamatórias no encéfalo e no baço de cães com leishmaniose visceral /." Araçatuba, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151332.
Full textBanca: Valéria Marçal Felix de Lima
Banca: Flávia Lombardi Lopes
Banca: Paulo Ricardo Dell'Amerina Rocha
Banca: Monica Regina Vendrame Amarante
Resumo: A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma doença parasitária que apresenta distribuição mundial e que pode afetar homens e animais, sendo que o cão é considerado o principal hospedeiro da doença. Cães infectados pelo parasito Leishmania podem apresentar-se assintomáticos ou com desordens generalizadas, incluindo alterações neurológicas. Existem alguns relatos do acometimento do encéfalo durante a infecção, mas a neuropatogenia da doença não foi completamente elucidada. Há evidências do comprometimento das barreiras encefálicas e da presença do DNA do parasito no encéfalo. Os receptores tipo Toll (TLRs) são sensores do sistema imune inato capazes de detectar padrões moleculares associados aos patógenos (PAMPs), desencadeando uma resposta inflamatórias com produção de diversos mediadores inflamatórios, incluindo citocinas. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil de expressão gênica dos Tolls 1-10, assim como a produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β e IL-6 no encéfalo e no baço de cães com leishmaniose visceral. No baço houve aumento de expressão gênica de TLR-5 e TLR-9, enquanto no encéfalo houve aumento de TLR-4 em uma pequena população de cães infectados. Em relação às citocinas, todas as citocinas foram detectadas nos dois tecidos avaliados, com excessão de IL-6. Nos cães infectados, TNF-α e IL-1β estavam presentes em maiores concentrações no encéfalo e no baço, respectivamente. Este estudo fornece suporte para explicar o envolvimento de TLRs ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract:Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease that presents world distribution, affecting humans and animals. Dogs are considered the main hosts of the disease. Infected dogs with the Leishmania parasite can be asymptomatic or present generalized disorders, including neurological alterations. There are some reports of brain commitment during infection. Nevertheless, neuropathogenesis of VL is not completely elucidated. There are evidences of brain barriers breakdown and of the presence of Leishmania DNA in the brain. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune sensors capable of detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), trigger an inflammatory response with production of several inflammatory mediators, including cytokines. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate gene expression profile of TLRs1-10, along with the production of proinflammatory cytokines in both brain and spleen in dogs with VL. In spleen there was an upregulation of TLR-5 and TLR-9 while in the brain there was up-regulation of TLR- 4 in a few number of infected animals. Regarding cytokines, all cytokines were detected in both tissues, except IL-6. In the infected dogs, TNF-α and IL-1β were present at higher concentrations in the brain and spleen, respectively. This study provides support to explain the involvement of TLRs in VL and our data confirm the brain as an affected organ in this disease
Doutor
Vallée, Frédéric. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'un hydrogel d'alginamide pour la régénération de voies nerveuses lésées au sein du Système Nerveux Central chez le rat." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL110N/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to synthesise alginate hydrogels, stable in time, and to evaluate their potential use as scaffolds for the damaged nerve regeneration in central nervous system. Various amphiphilic derivatives of sodium alginate were prepared by covalent attachment of alkyl chains (12 carbons) onto the polysaccharide at different substitution ratio, either via ester (alginate ester) or amide (alginamide) linkages, these last ones being more stable toward hydrolysis. The properties in solution of the alginamide derivatives were studied in terms of solubility, stability as function of time, rheological behaviour and swelling ratio. Results were compared to those obtained with the alginate ester family and highlighted a different behaviour for the alginamide series in semi-dilute regime. In particular, alginamide hydrogels exhibited a low critical strain which has been attributed to the presence of aggregates in the solution. The formation of these aggregates was due to the occurrence of a secondary cross-linking reaction during the synthesis of polymers. Nevertheless, it was possible, by appropriate tuning of the substitution yield and of the solution concentration, to obtain a three-dimensional network stabilized by intermolecular hydrophobic interactions, which has been evaluated as regenerative support for the considered application. In vivo studies demonstrated the absence of nerve regeneration for the tested injured animals after one year. However, these studies allowed us to evaluate both the strategy for the implantation of a physical gel exhibiting a shear-thinning and thixotrope behavior and the possibility to encapsulate a pharmacological treatment. An enlarged project specification has also been defined for this biomaterial (pH, stability, swelling ratio…)
Roche, Anie Kavita. "Evaluation of modifications in the central nervous system during inflammation /." Diss., ON-CAMPUS Access For University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Click on "Connect to Digital Dissertations", 1998. http://www.lib.umn.edu/articles/proquest.phtml.
Full textAragÃo, Gislei Frota. "Efeitos dos triterpenos α- e β-amirina e de seus derivados acetilados no sistema nervoso central." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1202.
Full textA mistura triterpÃnica de α- e β-amirina (AMI) à obtida da planta Protium heptaphyllum Aubl March (FamÃlia Burseraceae), comum em vÃrios estados brasileiros e conhecida popularmente como breu branco, tambÃm à utilizada na prÃtica da medicina popular para tratar vÃrias enfermidades. O acetato de α- e β- amirina (AcAMI) à a forma acetilada desta mistura triterpÃnica. VÃrios estudos experimentais jà foram feitos utilizando estes triterpenos, mas estudos da aÃÃo destes no Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) ainda sÃo escassos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da administraÃÃo destes compostos naturais em camundongos e verificar uma possÃvel atividade sedativa, ansiolÃtica, antidepressiva e anticonvulsivante, procurando ainda esclarecer por que mecanismos estes compostos agem. A metodologia utilizada foi utilizando testes farmacolÃgicos jà descritos na literatura e estudos de doseamento de monoaminas e aminoÃcidos atravÃs de HPLC. Os resultados mostraram que tanto a AMI como o AcAMI mostraram-se bastante ativos farmacologicamente. No teste do Campo Aberto ambas misturas (AMI e AcAMI) administradas por via aguda e sub-crÃnica demonstraram efeitos sedativos, nas doses de 10, 25 e 50 mg/kg, apÃs a constataÃÃo da diminuiÃÃo do movimento exploratÃrio dos animais e do nÃmero de grooming e de rearing, utilizando o diazepam como controle positivo. No Teste do Plus Maze tambÃm ambas as misturas demonstraram atividade ansiolÃtica aumentando o nÃmero de entradas e o tempo de permanÃncia nos braÃos abertos. No teste do nado forÃado, AMI nas doses de 2,5 e 5 mg/kg,, i.p., aumentou o tempo de imobilidade dos animais comparado ao controle, e foi potencializado pela imipramina. No teste de induÃÃo de sono por pentobarbital, AMI e AcAMI tiveram o tempo de sono aumentado de forma significante. As misturas triterpÃnicas apresentaram atividade anticonvulsivante quando a induÃÃo da convulsÃo foi feita com pentilenotetrazol (PTZ) efeito este nÃo aparecendo quando a induÃÃo foi com pilocarpina e estricnina. A atividade sedativa e ansiolÃtica da AMI foram revertidas com a presenÃa de flumazenil, efeito similar ao diazepam. O efeito anticonvulsivante da AMI foi aumentado por drogas que inibem a proteÃna quinase C, polimixina B e estaurosporina. O doseamento de monoaminas de cÃrtex de camundongos tratados com AMI (1, 2,5 e 5 mg/kg) mostrou diminuiÃÃo nas concentraÃÃes de noradrenalina e serotonina. No doseamento de aminoÃcidos, houve aumento nas concentraÃÃes de taurina e tirosina e uma diminuiÃÃo de aspartato, glutamato e GABA nos grupos tratados com AMI e AcAMI na dose de 25 mg/kg, por 7 dias. Conclui-se, portanto com este trabalho, que tanto a AMI e o AcAMI possuem atividades sedativas, ansiolÃticas, antidepressivas e anticonvulsivante e provavelmente estas aÃÃes possam estar ligadas a inibiÃÃo de proteÃna quinase C, envolvimento gabaÃrgico e diminuiÃÃo de monoaminas e aminoÃcidos
The mixture of alpha- and beta-amyrin (AMY) triterpenes was isolated from Protium heptaphyllum Aubl March (Burseraceae) which is a medicinal plant common to several Brazilian states and popularly known as âbreu brancoâ. Although the literature presents several studies with these triterpenes, only a few of them emphasizes the CNS, and almost none were performed with triterpene acetylated derivatives. Then, the objectives of the present work were to evaluate, in mice, sedative, anxiolytic, antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities of these drugs, in order to clarify their mechanisms of action. Besides, measurements of monoamines and amino acids by HPLC, in the cortex of mice treated with these drugs, were also performed. The results showed that not only the mixture of alpha- and beta-amyrin (AMY) but also its acetylated derivative (AcAMY) were pharmacologically active and, at some instances, AcAMY was even more efficacious than AMY. In the open field test, AMY and AcAMY, administered acutely or sub-chronically at the doses of 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg, showed a great sedative effect, as indicated by the significant decrease of the exploratory activity (decrease in the number of crossings) as well as the decrease in numbers of grooming and rearing, as compared to diazepam used as a positive control. In the plus maze test, both drugs presented a potent anxiolytic activity indicated by the increase in the number of entrances as well as in the time spent in the open arms. In the forced swimming test, AMY at the doses 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, i.p., increased the immobility time as compared to control and was potentiated by imipramine. In the barbiturateinduced sleeping time, AMY and AcAMY showed a significant increase in parameter analysed, duration of sleep. Furthermore, AMY and its acetylated derivative showed anticonvulsant activities, in the model of PTZ-induced convulsions, but not in two other convulsion models (pilocarpine- and strychnine-induced convulsions). Sedative and anxiolytic activities of AMY were reversed in the presence of flumazenil, a competitive benzodiazepine action inhibitor, an effect similar to that observed with diazepam. In addition, the anticonvulsant effect of AMY was potentiated by polymyxin B and staurosporine, drugs known to inhibit protein kinase C (PKC). Data from cortical monoamine measurements showed significant decreases in noradrenaline and serotonin concentrations, after mice treatments with AMY (1, 2,5 and 5 mg/kg). As far as the amino acid determination is concerned, results showed an increase in taurine and tyrosine levels, and a decrease in glutamate, aspartate and GABA contents, with AMY and AcAMY at the dose of 25mg/kg for seven days. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated anxiolytic, sedative, antidepressant and anticonvulsant actions in AMY and AcAMY, probably involving PKC inhibition and interaction with BDZ receptor. Decreases in monoamines levels, as noradrenaline and serotonin, and amino acid alterations may also play a role
Galvani, Aline Faria [UNESP]. "Análise da Frequência de Polimorfismos nos genes IL28B e IL28R1 em pacientes acometidos por Meningioma." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134110.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Os meningiomas são os tumores mais frequentes do Sistema Nervoso Central e sua classificação é dada quanto ao tipo celular envolvido e grau de malignidade. Os intérferons (IFNs) foram inicialmente associados à resposta antiviral, contudo, estudos posteriores evidenciaram o envolvimento dessas citocinas na regulação do crescimento celular e no efeito imunomodulatório. A Interleucina 28B (IL28B), membro da família dos IFNs do tipo III, parece estar envolvida na resposta imune antiviral e antitumoral. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a frequência de variações genéticas em IL28B e IL28R1 em pacientes acometidos por Meningiomas. Sessenta paciente tratados pelo serviço de Neurocirurgia da UNESP de Botucatu/SP foram incluídos neste estudo. A análise do polimorfismo rs12979860 C/T teve significância estatística quando comparou-se a frequência genotípica da população brasileira em relação a presente casuística. Foi descrito a detecção de novas variações genéticas (missense e silent) nos genes IL28B e IL28R1 ao comparar com as respectivas sequencias referencias disponíveis em banco de dados (NCBI). Estes dados sugerem uma importante relação destas variações genéticas em relação a estrutura e função das proteínas envolvidas, entretanto um estudo mais aprofundado das consequências dessas alterações na gênese e/ou progressão dos meningiomas devem ser considerado
Meningiomas are the most common tumors of the central nervous system, despite being benign and grow slowly, can recur in case of incomplete surgical resection. They are classified according to the cells involved and their rate of malignancy. The role of the immune system in preventing the emergence and progression of tumors has been the subject of many studies in the field of tumor immunology. Interferon (IFNs) were originally associated with antiviral response, however, subsequent studies revealed the involvement of these cytokines in the regulation of cell growth and their immunomodulatory effect.Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the genetic variation frequency of IL28B and IL28R1 in patients with meningioma. Sixty patients treated by UNESP Neurosurgery service of Botucatu/SP were included in this study. Polymorphism rs12979860 C/T analysis showed statistical significance when compared with healthy Brazilian's genotypic frequency. New genetic variation (missense and silent) were detected in IL28B and IL28R1 through reference sequences analysis (NCBI). These data support an important relation of these genetic variations related to protein functions, however other studies of the consequences of these changes in the development and progression of meningiomas should be considered
Galvani, Aline Faria. "Análise da Frequência de Polimorfismos nos genes IL28B e IL28R1 em pacientes acometidos por Meningioma /." Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134110.
Full textCoorientador: Adriana Camargo Ferrasi
Banca: Sílvia Helena Barem Rabenhorst
Banca: Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
Resumo: Os meningiomas são os tumores mais frequentes do Sistema Nervoso Central e sua classificação é dada quanto ao tipo celular envolvido e grau de malignidade. Os intérferons (IFNs) foram inicialmente associados à resposta antiviral, contudo, estudos posteriores evidenciaram o envolvimento dessas citocinas na regulação do crescimento celular e no efeito imunomodulatório. A Interleucina 28B (IL28B), membro da família dos IFNs do tipo III, parece estar envolvida na resposta imune antiviral e antitumoral. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a frequência de variações genéticas em IL28B e IL28R1 em pacientes acometidos por Meningiomas. Sessenta paciente tratados pelo serviço de Neurocirurgia da UNESP de Botucatu/SP foram incluídos neste estudo. A análise do polimorfismo rs12979860 C/T teve significância estatística quando comparou-se a frequência genotípica da população brasileira em relação a presente casuística. Foi descrito a detecção de novas variações genéticas (missense e silent) nos genes IL28B e IL28R1 ao comparar com as respectivas sequencias referencias disponíveis em banco de dados (NCBI). Estes dados sugerem uma importante relação destas variações genéticas em relação a estrutura e função das proteínas envolvidas, entretanto um estudo mais aprofundado das consequências dessas alterações na gênese e/ou progressão dos meningiomas devem ser considerado
Abstract: Meningiomas are the most common tumors of the central nervous system, despite being benign and grow slowly, can recur in case of incomplete surgical resection. They are classified according to the cells involved and their rate of malignancy. The role of the immune system in preventing the emergence and progression of tumors has been the subject of many studies in the field of tumor immunology. Interferon (IFNs) were originally associated with antiviral response, however, subsequent studies revealed the involvement of these cytokines in the regulation of cell growth and their immunomodulatory effect.Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the genetic variation frequency of IL28B and IL28R1 in patients with meningioma. Sixty patients treated by UNESP Neurosurgery service of Botucatu/SP were included in this study. Polymorphism rs12979860 C/T analysis showed statistical significance when compared with healthy Brazilian's genotypic frequency. New genetic variation (missense and silent) were detected in IL28B and IL28R1 through reference sequences analysis (NCBI). These data support an important relation of these genetic variations related to protein functions, however other studies of the consequences of these changes in the development and progression of meningiomas should be considered
Mestre
Luz, Ana Júlia Bretanha. "Quantificação da carga viral do HIV-1 no líquor : comparação entre os ensaios Abbott m2000rt e COBAS TaqMan v2.0." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/159589.
Full textIntroduction Growing concern about possible consequences of viral replication in the central nervous system shows the need for HIV detection in the cerebral compartment. The real time PCR test developed by Abbott, Abbott RealTime m2000 HIV-1 (m2000rt) quantifies HIV viral load in blood samples effectively and with low costs Brazil. It is the standard method by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, but it has never been utilized to measure HIV in cerebrospinal fluid samples. The assay produced by Roche, COBAS TaqMan HIV-1, version 2 (COBAS v2.0) is the real-time PCR method that has been widely used to detect HIV viral load in cerebral compartment. However, this method has not yet been validated for this purpose and its cost may be a limitation in several regions in the world with low resources. Objective Taking under consideration that there was no standard methodology for this specific situation (detecting HIV in cerebrospinal fluid), we conducted this study to compare the performances of the m2000rt and COBAS v2.0 assays, to propose an alternative and low-cost method to more used in this context (COBAS v2.0). Methods The study was conducted from May 2015 to July 2016. The sample size calculation was based on data from a pilot trial that revealed that a minimum of 37 samples would be needed to detect a difference of 0.20 log10 in viral load, with a correlation coefficient of 0.979 and a 90% power. This equation would allow a 10% lost. CSF samples were collected consecutively from 37 HIV-positive patients seen at Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre, RS. Methods were processed according to proposed by the manufacturer for utilization with plasma samples. Small modifications were necessary in the study test (m2000rt) to neutralize any methodological differences, thus avoiding measurement bias: the freezing of samples was carried out at -20ºC until the moment of the analysis. The COBAS v2.0 test was used as a reference since it is the most commonly used method. Quantitative analyzes were performed with results that were within the linear range in both methods (n=18). To make the methods comparable, the detection limit of the m2000rt assay for both (40 cp/mL or 1.60 log10 cp/mL) was adopted. The results below the limit of detection were presented as a categorical variable, since they are not quantifiable. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to compare methods. The normality of the variables was then summarized calculating the estimated bias by the mean difference "đ" and standard deviation of the differences performed by t test for paired samples. Based on the lack of normality of the methods, the degree of agreement of the HIV viral load results was analyzed by the Kappa index. This study was approved by the Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre (southern Brazil) Ethics Review Board, registered in the Brazil Platform as CAAE: 35072214.7.0000.532. Conclusion In conclusion, the m2000rt test that was modified for this trial showed good agreement and correlation with the most used test in this context and can be considered an alternative method with similar results to COBAS v2.0 and low costs in the HIV viral load quantification in cerebrospinal fluid. We suggest, especially in places where this method is readily available with an acceptable cost-benefit ratio, that the m2000rt exam should be performed.
Poland, Stephen D. "Central nervous system infection with human cytomegalovirus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21311.pdf.
Full textHüppi, Petra Susan. "Serum antibodies to central nervous system antigens /." [S.l : s.n.], 1986. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Full textBernick, Kristin Briana. "Cell biomechanics of the central nervous system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67202.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-153).
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of death and morbidity in both the civilian and military populations. The major causes of TBI, such as motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports concussions, and ballistic and explosive blast threats for military personnel, are well established and extensively characterized; however, there remains much to be learned about the specific mechanisms of damage leading to brain injury, especially at the cellular level. In order to understand how cells of the central nervous system (CNS) respond to mechanical insults and stimuli, a combined modeling/experimental approach was adopted. A computational framework was developed to accurately model how cells deform under various macroscopically imposed loading conditions. In addition, in vitro (cell culture) models were established to investigate damage responses to biologically relevant mechanical insults. In order to develop computational models of cell response to mechanical loading, it is essential to have accurate material properties for all cells of interest. In this work, the mechanical responses of neurons and astrocytes were quantified using atomic force microscopy (AFM) at three different loading rates and under relaxation to enable characterization of both the elastic and viscous components of the cell response. AFM data were used to calibrate an eight-parameter rheological model implemented in the framework of a commercial finite element package (Abaqus). Model parameters fit to the measured responses of neurons and astrocytes provide a quantitative measure of homogenized nonlinear viscoelastic properties for each cell type. In order to ensure that the measured responses could be considered representative of cell populations in their physiological environment, cells were also grown and tested on substrates of various stiffness, with the softest substrate mimicking the stiffness of brain tissue. Results of this study showed both the morphology and measured force response of astrocytes to be significantly affected by the stiffness of their substrate, with cells becoming increasingly rounded on soft substrates. Results of simulations suggested that changes in cell morphology were able to account for the observed changes in AFM force response, without significant changes to the cell material properties. In contrast, no significant changes in cell morphology were observed for neurons. These results highlight the importance of growing cells in a biologically relevant environment when studying mechanically mediated responses, such as TBI. To address this requirement, we developed two model systems with CNS cells grown in soft, 3D gels to investigate damage arising from dynamic compressive loading and from a shock pressure wave. These damage protocols, coupled with the single cell computational models, provide a new tool set for characterizing damage mechanisms in CNS cells and for studying TBI in highly controllable in vitro conditions.
by Kristin Briana Bernick.
Ph.D.
Coutinho, Maria Ester Freitas Barbosa Pereira. "Central nervous system autoimmunity in neuropsychiatric disorders." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:389fb830-4b4e-4201-9965-19acb2c63ff3.
Full textChan, Pok-man. "Cloning of hamster GAP-43 to study the expression and regulation of GAP-43 mRNA in the retina during degeneration and regeneration /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2063299X.
Full textHantraye, Philippe. "Physiologie et physiopathologie des recepteurs des benzodiazepines de type central : etudes chez le singe et l'homme par tomographie par emission de positons." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066425.
Full textEckert, Bodil. "Hypoglycaemia studies on central and peripheral nerve function /." Lund : Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Lund, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/57426099.html.
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