Journal articles on the topic 'Central Australia – In literature'
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1
Ratsch, Angela, Kathryn J. Steadman, and Fiona Bogossian. "The pituri story: a review of the historical literature surrounding traditional Australian Aboriginal use of nicotine in Central Australia." Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 6, no. 1 (2010): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-6-26.
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Hendrich, Lars, Helena Shaverdo, Jiří Hájek, and Michael Balke. "Taxonomic revision of Australian Copelatus Erichson, 1832 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Copelatinae)." ZooKeys 889 (November 14, 2019): 81–152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.
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The genus Copelatus in Australia is revised and nine species are recognised. One new species, Copelatus martinbaehrisp. nov., is described from Papua New Guinea (Central Province) and Cape York Peninsula (Iron Range NP and Mt Tozer). Copelatus divisus Watts, 1978, syn. nov., is considered a junior synonym of C. portior Guignot, 1956, described from New Guinea. Species delimitation is based on the morphological characters and Cox1 data. All species are (re)described, and their important species characters (median lobes, parameres, habitus and colour patterns) are illustrated. A key to all nine species is provided. The known distribution and habitat preferences of each species are outlined briefly. In Australia, all nine species are distributed in the northern half of the continent. Four species are also reported from New Guinea: in addition to C. martinbaehrisp. nov., we record C. clarki Sharp, 1882 for the first time from southern New Guinea, and consider literature records of C. irregularis W.J. Macleay, 1871 and C. marginatus Sharp, 1882 from New Guinea as doubtful. Copelatus portior is widely distributed in Australasia, while C. tenebrosus is widely distributed in the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. All Australian Copelatus are confirmed to be lentic, found in a large variety of stagnant water, mainly in lowland areas up to 250 m.
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Matthews, Lynda R., Rosalie B. Pockett, Gillian Nisbet, Jill E. Thistlethwaite, Roger Dunston, Alison Lee, and Jill F. White. "Building capacity in Australian interprofessional health education: perspectives from key health and higher education stakeholders." Australian Health Review 35, no. 2 (2011): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10886.
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Objective. A substantial literature engaging with the directions and experiences of stakeholders involved in interprofessional health education exists at the international level, yet almost nothing has been published that documents and analyses the Australian experience. Accordingly, this study aimed to scope the experiences of key stakeholders in health and higher education in relation to the development of interprofessional practice capabilities in health graduates in Australia. Methods. Twenty-seven semi-structured interviews and two focus groups of key stakeholders involved in the development and delivery of interprofessional health education in Australian higher education were undertaken. Interview data were coded to identify categories that were organised into key themes, according to principles of thematic analysis. Results. Three themes were identified: the need for common ground between health and higher education, constraints and enablers in current practice, and the need for research to establish an evidence base. Five directions for national development were also identified. Conclusions. The study identified a range of interconnected changes that will be required to successfully mainstream interprofessional education within Australia, in particular, the importance of addressing issues of culture change and the need for a nationally coordinated and research informed approach. These findings reiterate those found in the international literature. What is known about the topic? Interprofessional health education (IPE) and practice (IPP) capabilities are central to the delivery of health services that are safer, more effective, patient-centred and sustainable. The case for an interprofessionally capable health workforce is therefore strongly argued and well accepted in the international literature. The task of building a nationally coherent approach to IPE within health professional curricula, however, is complex and challenging, and there is almost no literature in this area presenting an Australian perspective. What does this paper add? This paper presents perspectives from key stakeholders in the Australian health and higher education sectors on the challenges associated with implementing and sustaining IPE to foster IPP across all health professions. It identifies several policy, cultural, institutional and funding changes that will be required to locate IPE as a central rather than peripheral education activity. What are the implications for practitioners? The study points to changes that will be required to build an Australian health workforce with increased levels of IPP capability. It highlights the importance of recognising and addressing culture change as a central part of embedding and sustaining IPE and IPP. Additionally it foregrounds for governments, higher education and health practitioners the importance of addressing the development of IPE and IPP as a multi-dimensional task, that will require a national and research informed approach to build momentum and scale.
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Maver, Igor. "Slovenia as a locale in contemporary Australian verse." Acta Neophilologica 30 (December 1, 1997): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.30.0.73-75.
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Despite the fact that the writer Patrick White had worked on his novels for a short while also at Lake Bled in Slovenia at Hotel "Toplice", just like Agatha Christie did at Lake Bohinj, Slovenia has only recently come to feature in mainstream Australian literature, more precisely in contemporary Australian poetry. It should be stressed that Slovenia is thus no longer present only in Slovene migrant poetry written in Australia as has so far been the case: it entered the major contemporary Australian anthologies. This testifies to the fact that Slovenia no longer belongs to the uncharted part of Central Europe on the geographical and consequently also on the Australian literary map. Rather than that Slovenia increasingly makes part of an average Australian 'Grand Tour' travel itinerary in Europe; it has thus become present in the Australian cultural consciousness. In this light two recent Australian poems with Slovenia as a literary locale are discussed, Andrew Taylor's "Morning in Ljubljana" I and Susan Hampton's poem "Yugoslav Story".
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Maver, Igor. "Slovenia as a locale in contemporary Australian verse." Acta Neophilologica 30 (December 1, 1997): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.30.1.73-75.
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Despite the fact that the writer Patrick White had worked on his novels for a short while also at Lake Bled in Slovenia at Hotel "Toplice", just like Agatha Christie did at Lake Bohinj, Slovenia has only recently come to feature in mainstream Australian literature, more precisely in contemporary Australian poetry. It should be stressed that Slovenia is thus no longer present only in Slovene migrant poetry written in Australia as has so far been the case: it entered the major contemporary Australian anthologies. This testifies to the fact that Slovenia no longer belongs to the uncharted part of Central Europe on the geographical and consequently also on the Australian literary map. Rather than that Slovenia increasingly makes part of an average Australian 'Grand Tour' travel itinerary in Europe; it has thus become present in the Australian cultural consciousness. In this light two recent Australian poems with Slovenia as a literary locale are discussed, Andrew Taylor's "Morning in Ljubljana" I and Susan Hampton's poem "Yugoslav Story".
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Newsome, Thomas M. "Makings of Icons: Alan Newsome, the Red Kangaroo and the Dingo." Historical Records of Australian Science 25, no. 2 (2014): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr14013.
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The red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) and the dingo (Canis dingo) are two of Australia's iconic mammals. Both are ingrained in the national psyche and well known internationally. For the red kangaroo, recognition has come despite the fact that the highest densities of the species occur well away from most of the human population. The dingo has achieved its status despite being present on the continent for perhaps as little as 3,000 years. This article considers the question of how, and why, these two animals became so elevated in the popular imagination and the scientific literature. It is a story of both the integers and consequences of scientific research, a story best told with a particular focus on the contribution made by one individual. Alan Newsome changed our understanding of the interactions between agriculture, introduced species and native wildlife, and was one of the first to understand the possibilities of enriching western science with Indigenous knowledge. He was a pioneer in explaining—particularly by reference to the red kangaroo in central Australia—the remarkable story of how Australian wildlife has adapted to survive some of the harshest conditions on the planet. His work across the landscape of the arid zone has had profound implications for management and conservation in Australia. This, then, is the story of three icons: the red kangaroo, the dingo and Alan Newsome.
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Gash, Sarah. "Educating the business information professional." Business Information Review 12, no. 2 (October 1995): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026638219501200204.
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Sarah Gash is Senior Lecturer at the University of Central England in Birmingham. Previous positions include: Course Resources Officer, Brighton Polytechnic and Faculty Liaison Officer, W Australia Institute of Technology. Author of Effective Literature Searching for Students, Gower 1989 and Business Information & How to Find It, Routledge, 1995.
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Grimshaw, Alice, Pamela Palasanthiran, Julie Huynh, Ben Marais, Sharon Chen, and Brendan McMullan. "Cryptococcal infections in children: retrospective study and review from Australia." Future Microbiology 14, no. 18 (December 2019): 1531–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2019-0215.
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Aim: Cryptococcosis causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, but pediatric data are limited. Methods: A retrospective literature review of Australian pediatric cryptococcosis and additional 10-year audit of cases from a large pediatric network. Results: 22 cases of cryptococcosis in children were identified via literature review: median age was 13.5 years (IQR 7.8–16 years), 18/22 (82%) had meningitis or central nervous system infection. Where outcome was reported, 11/18 (61%) died. Of six audit cases identified from 2008 to 2017, 5 (83%) had C. gattii disease and survived. One child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and C. neoformans infection died. For survivors, persisting respiratory or neurological sequelae were reported in 4/6 cases (67%). Conclusion: Cryptococcosis is uncommon in Australian children, but is associated with substantial morbidity.
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O'Shannassy, Tim, Sharon Kemp, and Chris Booth. "Case studies in MBA strategic management curriculum development from Australian universities." Journal of Management & Organization 16, no. 3 (July 2010): 467–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200002091.
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AbstractIn recent years the Business Council of Australia (BCA) has drawn attention to the importance of the availability of a well-trained supply of employees for the Australian workplace. Specifically the BCA highlighted the benefits of a quality education imparting skills in the areas of collaboration, teamwork and leadership all of which greatly assist the effective practice of creativity, innovation and strategy. This paper makes a useful contribution to teaching practice in several ways. The paper links comments from the BCA to a significant and ongoing debate in the strategy literature on the best approaches to teaching the practice of strategy. The paper then demonstrates, with case studies from the RMIT University MBA and the Central Queensland University MBA programs, different approaches to how this can be done. This is followed by a critical discussion of the literature and case studies. Suggestions are made for future research and teaching practice.
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O'Shannassy, Tim, Sharon Kemp, and Chris Booth. "Case studies in MBA strategic management curriculum development from Australian universities." Journal of Management & Organization 16, no. 3 (July 2010): 467–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.16.3.467.
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AbstractIn recent years the Business Council of Australia (BCA) has drawn attention to the importance of the availability of a well-trained supply of employees for the Australian workplace. Specifically the BCA highlighted the benefits of a quality education imparting skills in the areas of collaboration, teamwork and leadership all of which greatly assist the effective practice of creativity, innovation and strategy. This paper makes a useful contribution to teaching practice in several ways. The paper links comments from the BCA to a significant and ongoing debate in the strategy literature on the best approaches to teaching the practice of strategy. The paper then demonstrates, with case studies from the RMIT University MBA and the Central Queensland University MBA programs, different approaches to how this can be done. This is followed by a critical discussion of the literature and case studies. Suggestions are made for future research and teaching practice.
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Sidhu, Navdeep S., Alwin Chuan, and Christopher H. Mitchell. "Recommendations and resources for regional anaesthesia Fellowships in Australia and New Zealand." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 47, no. 5 (August 22, 2019): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x19861113.
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Regional anaesthesia is a fundamental aspect of anaesthesia practice. Structured Fellowships in regional anaesthesia facilitate the development of expert clinicians, scholars and future leaders. The Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists accredits training sites for the final year of Fellowship training but does not outline specific guidance for subspecialty training. Based on evidence from a systematic literature review and best-practice medical education principles, the ideal structure for a regional anaesthesia Fellowship programme in Australia and New Zealand is outlined in four categories: (a) structure and duration of training; (b) educational aspects; (c) institutional organization; (d) evaluation and improvement. Departments may use this resource to help design, implement and improve their Fellowship programmes while trainees may employ it as a reference to achieve their learning goals at any training stage. Continuing professional education plays a central role in achieving and maintaining mastery of regional anaesthesia competencies.
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Darr, Jenifer Olive, Richard C. Franklin, Kristin Emma McBain-Rigg, Sarah Larkins, Yvette Roe, Kathryn Panaretto, Vicki Saunders, and Melissa Crowe. "Quality management systems in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services: a review of the literature." BMJ Open Quality 10, no. 3 (July 2021): e001091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001091.
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BackgroundA national accreditation policy for the Australian primary healthcare (PHC) system was initiated in 2008. While certification standards are mandatory, little is known about their effects on the efficiency and sustainability of organisations, particularly in the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service (ACCHS) sector.AimThe literature review aims to answer the following: to what extent does the implementation of the International Organisation for Standardization 9001:2008 quality management system (QMS) facilitate efficiency and sustainability in the ACCHS sector?MethodsThematic analysis of peer-reviewed and grey literature was undertaken from Australia and New Zealand PHC sector with a focus on First Nations people. The databases searched included Medline, Scopus and three Informit sites (AHB-ATSIS, AEI-ATSIS and AGIS-ATSIS). The initial search strategy included quality improvement, continuous quality improvement, efficiency and sustainability.ResultsSixteen included studies were assessed for quality using the McMaster criteria. The studies were ranked against the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Three central themes emerged: accreditation (n=4), quality improvement (n=9) and systems strengthening (n=3). The accreditation theme included effects on health service expenditure and clinical outcomes, consistency and validity of accreditation standards and linkages to clinical governance frameworks. The quality improvement theme included audit effectiveness and value for specific population health. The theme of systems strengthening included prerequisite systems and embedded clinical governance measures for innovative models of care.ConclusionThe ACCHS sector warrants reliable evidence to understand the value of QMSs and enhancement tools, particularly given ACCHS (client-centric) services and their specialist status. Limited evidence exists for the value of standards on health system sustainability and efficiency in Australia. Despite a mandatory second certification standard, no studies reported on sustainability and efficiency of a QMS in PHC.
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Masawi, Becksndale, Sukanto Bhattacharya, and Terry Boulter. "Does the Information Content of Central Bank Speeches Impact on the Level of Exchange Rate? A Comparative Study of Canadian and Australian Central Bank Communications." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 21, no. 01 (January 18, 2018): 1850005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091518500054.
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Traditionally, central banks have used direct intervention in currency markets when the exchange rate has moved away from equilibrium or when the volatility has been excessive and the literature on the effects of indirect intervention is sparse. We examine whether indirect intervention has any impact on the exchange rate levels by examining the central bank verbal communications in Australia and Canada. We find evidence that the Bank of Canada’s (BOC’s) speeches reduce the mean exchange rate returns but not the Reserve Bank of Australia’s (RBA’s) speeches. Our results show that the socio-economic similarities between countries do not guarantee a similar impact of indirect intervention.
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Khalid, Maryam, and Sherin Kunhibava. "FINTECH REGULATORY SANDBOXES IN AUSTRALIA AND MALAYSIA: A LEGAL ANALYSIS." IIUM Law Journal 28, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v28i1.475.
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With the era of digitalization, regulatory sandboxes have been the trend adopted by most financial regulators around the world in regulating financial technology (fintech). Regulatory sandboxes act as a pilot programme to regulate fintech services and products with several legal exemptions given to the service providers within established parameters. In 2016, the Australian Securities and Investments Commission and the Malaysian Central Bank followed the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) to introduce regulatory sandboxes within their legal framework. To date, previous literature has only provided a minimal analytical overview of the Malaysian and Australian regulatory sandbox. Hence, this article aims to fill that gap in literature. The methodology used for this study is both doctrinal and comparative legal analysis. The main objective of this study is to analyse the key characteristics of fintech regulatory sandboxes by comparing the Australian and Malaysian regulatory structures of these sandboxes. Due to nascent nature of Malaysian and Australian fintech regulations, this contributes to the growing knowledge in the financial regulation literature. Moreover, the findings on the operation of the regulatory sandboxes in both jurisdictions is expected to bring practical value for further research.
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Oriakhogba, Desmond Osaretin. "DABUS gains territory in South Africa and Australia: Revisiting the AI-inventorship question." South African Intellectual Property Law Journal 9 (2021): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/saipl/v9/a5.
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This paper draws from and builds upon DO Oriakhogba ‘What If DABUS Came to Africa? Visiting AI Inventorship and Ownership of Patent from the Nigerian Perspective’ (2021) 42(2) Business Law Review 89. It reviews the recent granting of a patent by the Companies and Intellectual Property Commission (CIPC) to Dr Stephen Thaler in respect of the DABUS-generated invention in South Africa and the judgment of the Australian Federal Court (FCA) upholding AI-inventorship. The review, which is based on desk research, is conducted against a backdrop of statutory provisions and case law from both countries, the provisions of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) and relevant literature dealing with the inventorship question. The paper determines whether, without reform of the extant patent law and policy, recognition of artificial intelligence (AI) as an inventor does not undermine the foundational concept of human inventorship, and the central focus on human creation and agency for intellectual property protection in South Africa and Australia. In connection with this, the paper asks and examines the question of whether the CIPC patent grant and the FCA judgment can stand judicial scrutiny under the extant patent regimes in South Africa and Australia.
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Katz, Harry C. "The Decentralization of Collective Bargaining: A Literature Review and Comparative Analysis." ILR Review 47, no. 1 (October 1993): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399304700101.
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The author reviews evidence that the bargaining structure is becoming more decentralized in Sweden, Australia, the former West Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States, although in somewhat different degrees and ways from country to country. He then examines the various hypotheses that have been offered to explain this significant trend. Shifts in bargaining power, as well as the diversification of corporate and worker interests, have played a part in this change, he concludes, but work reorganization has been more influential still. He also explores how the roles of central unions and corporate industrial relations staffs are challenged by bargaining structure decentralization, and discusses the research gaps on this subject that need to be filled.
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Nicholls, Christine. "A Wild Roguery: Bruce Chatwin’s "The Songlines" Reconsidered." Text Matters, no. 9 (November 4, 2019): 22–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-2931.09.02.
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This article revisits, analyzes and critiques Bruce Chatwin’s 1987 bestseller, The Songlines, more than three decades after its publication. In Songlines, the book primarily responsible for his posthumous celebrity, Chatwin set out to explore the essence of Central and Western Desert Aboriginal Australians’ philosophical beliefs. For many readers globally, Songlines is regarded as a—if not the—definitive entry into the epistemological basis, religion, cosmology and lifeways of classical Western and Central Desert Aboriginal people. It is argued that Chatwin’s fuzzy, ill-defined use of the word-concept “songlines” has had the effect of generating more heat than light. Chatwin’s failure to recognize the economic imperative underpinning Australian desert people’s walking praxis is problematic: his own treks through foreign lands were underpropped by socioeconomic privilege. Chatwin’s ethnocentric idée fixe regarding the primacy of “walking” and “nomadism,” central to his Songlines thématique, well and truly preceded his visits to Central Australia. Walking, proclaimed Chatwin, is an elemental part of “Man’s” innate nature. It is argued that this unwavering, preconceived, essentialist belief was a self-serving construal justifying Chatwin’s own “nomadic” adventures of identity. Is it thus reasonable to regard Chatwin as a “rogue author,” an unreliable narrator? And if so, does this matter? Of greatest concern is the book’s continuing majority acceptance as a measured, accurate account of Aboriginal belief systems. With respect to Aboriginal desert people and the barely disguised individuals depicted in Songlines, is Chatwin’s book a “rogue text,” constituting an act of epistemic violence, consistent with Spivak’s usage of that term?
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White, Sian, Natalie Hart, and Suzanne Lewis. "Improving the identification of cancer patients’ caring relationships." International Journal of Care and Caring 3, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/239788219x15677825654311.
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The Carer Support Unit of the Central Coast Local Health District (New South Wales, Australia) is working with the District’s inpatient cancer services to improve the identification of caring relationships for cancer inpatients. The first stage of the project was to do a literature review and environmental scan to assess the extent of the issue. We found significant barriers to carer identification, including: carer self-identification issues; definitional issues around the label ‘carer’; system and process issues; and health workforce issues. This article outlines the findings of the literature review and environmental scan, supported by quotes from carers and health professionals. It incorporates recommendations for increasing the rate of carer identification for cancer inpatients at Central Coast Local Health District.
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Machackova, M., L. Matlová, J. Lamka, J. Smolík, IMelicharek, M. Hanzalikova, J. Docekal, et al. "Wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a possible vector of mycobacterial infections: review of literature and critical analysis of data from Central Europe between 1983 to 2001." Veterinární Medicína 48, No. 3 (March 30, 2012): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5750-vetmed.
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Infected animals in the wild, which can act as a reservoir and/or vector for the origin of bovine tuberculosis, are a great problem for national programmes seeking to free herds of cattle from the infection. The circulation of Mycobacterium bovis in the wild animal population might cause a slow-down in the progress of control programmes through the reinfection of herds of livestock. The Eurasian badger (Meles meles) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) living in the wild in Great Britain and Ireland, brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), ferrets (Mustela putorius f. furo) in New Zealand and wild buffalo (Bubalus arnee) in Australia are among already known reservoirs and vectors of bovine tuberculosis. In 7 countries of Central Europe (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia) bovine tuberculosis in cale was controlled as part of national control programmes more than 20 years ago. In the last decade M. bovis has been diagnosed extremely sporadically in cattle and other domestic animals as well as in wild animals held in captivity or living in the wild. This favour­able situation could be threatened by the mycobacteria spreading via the wild boar (Sus scrofa) which is susceptible to mycobacterial infection and very abundant in Central Europe. According to available literary data, mycobacteria were detected in 361 wild boar originating from countries other than those of Central Europe, such as Australia, Bulgaria, Germany, the Hawaiian island of Molokai, Italy and Spain. M. tuberculosis complex (33.9%) and M. bovis complex (39.8%) isolates were most frequently detected in the faeces and/or parenchymatous organs of wild boar. Of other mycobacterial species, M. intracellulare (3.8%), M. avium subsp. avium (3.8%), M. terrae (2.4%), M. fortuitum (2.2%), M. scrofulaceum (2.2%), M. gordonae (0.8%), M. simiae (0.5%), M. szulgai (0.5%), M. xenopi (0.5%), M. smegmatis (0.2%), M. vaccae (0.2%), fast-growing, further unspecified species (0.2%) and unidentified mycobacteria (8.8%) were isolated. Following the analysis of literary data and our own results, it was found that, in the area covered by the above-mentioned 7 countries of Central Europe, a total of 431 wild boar were examined for mycobacterial infections in the years 1983–2001. Tuberculous lesions in parenchymatous organs were found in 43 (10.0%) animals. M. bovis was identified in 22 (5.1%) animals, M. a. avium in 2 (0.4%), M. a. paratuberculosis in 1 (0.2%) animal and atypical mycobacteria in 27 (6.3%) animals. The wild boar may therefore represent, under certain unfavourable epizootio­logical conditions, a vector of some mycobacterial infections in not only animals, but also humans.
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Brittan, Alice. "B-b-british Objects: Possession, Naming, and Translation in David Malouf's Remembering Babylon." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 117, no. 5 (October 2002): 1158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081202x60251.
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Imported material forms were central to the settlement of Australia as a penal colony, beginning with the “discovery” of the continent by James Cook, who took possession of New South Wales in 1770 by naming Possession Island. The first part of this article traces the intersection in early journals and legal records between material instability and naming, arguing that as Aboriginal peoples and convicts challenged the social meaning of objects, the ability to refer to those objects became essential. The second part explores failed naming in David Malouf's novel Remembering Babylon (1993), set on the early-nineteenth-century frontier, whose central character calls himself a “B-b-british object,” stuttered words that evoke the historical importance and the vulnerability of imported goods during colonization and settlement in Australia.
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Simon, Reinhard, Conghua H. Xie, Andrea Clausen, Shelley H. Jansky, Dennis Halterman, Tony Conner, Sandra Knapp, Jennifer Brundage, David Symon, and David Spooner. "Wild and Cultivated Potato (Solanum sect. Petota) Escaped and Persistent Outside of its Natural Range." Invasive Plant Science and Management 3, no. 3 (November 2010): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-09-00043.1.
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AbstractWild potato contains about 100 species that are native to the Americas from the southwestern United States to central Chile and adjacent Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and southern Brazil. We report the occurrence of naturalized populations of the wild potato Solanum chacoense in seven sites in southern Australia, eastern China, England, New Zealand, the eastern United States, central Peru, and east-central Argentina. Modeling similar climatic niches on the basis of the distribution of S. chacoense from South America shows that observations of naturalized S. chacoense overlap with predicted areas. A literature review reveals that although S. chacoense possesses traits typical of an invasive species, all populations presently appear to be contained near their site of introduction.
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McPherson, Amy, Philip Roberts, and Natalie Downes. "Community perspectives and the politics of water in rural Australia: Rural-regional sustainability education in the Murray Darling Basin." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 27, no. 2 (August 18, 2017): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v27i2.121.
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Sustainability is a central challenge facing the future viability of Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) communities in rural Australia. Faced with environmental uncertainty and its associated community impacts, sustainability has at once been positioned as the path to a prosperous future and a flash point of community conflict. Key to these tensions has been different perspectives on sustainability adopted by various community members and the difficulty of working towards a shared understanding of the term. Drawing upon the first phase of a two-year project exploring education and sustainability in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, the paper examines different community understandings of sustainability. The differences observed reflect debates about community in rural areas, as well as sustainability in the research literature. We then consider the role of education in collaborative community dialogue about rural-regional sustainability in contexts where sustainability education plays out against broader conflicts over the natural resource of water and its pivotal role in Australia’s economic wealth and social wellbeing.
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Taylor, John. "Planning for Conservation of the Rockhampton Botanic Gardens." Queensland Review 10, no. 2 (November 2003): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600003330.
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Rockhampton is the principal city of Central Queensland. In the nineteenth century the city and the colony of Queensland were pursuing the policies of settlement, development and growth followed by the other colonies of Australia and in the British Empire.
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Judd, Barry, and Katherine Ellinghaus. "F. W. Albrecht, Assimilation Policy and the Education of Aboriginal Girls in Central Australia: Overcoming Disciplinary Decadence in Australian History." Journal of Australian Studies 44, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2020.1754275.
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Geethakumary, M. P., A. G. Panduranga, and P. Ravichandran. "Canscora stricta Sedgw. (Gentianaceae): an endemic species of Western Ghats." TAPROBANICA 6, no. 2 (July 9, 2013): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v6i2.145.
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The genus Canscora Lam, known presently from Africa, Australia and tropical Asia, is represented in India by 13 species of which ten are found in Kerala. During our taxonomic studies of Gentianaceae in Kerala, India, the authors collected a species of Canscora from the lateritic region of northern Kerala which, on critical examination and perusal of relevant literature, proved to be Canscora stricta Sedgw., a species hitherto known only from Karnataka State of central Western Ghats.
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Scott, Joanne. "‘A Permanent and Prominent Feature of the Show’: The Origins and Meanings of a District Exhibits Competition." Queensland Review 20, no. 2 (October 30, 2013): 174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2013.19.
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Variously described as ‘the outstanding feature of the show’, the ‘finest . . . in Australia’ and ‘a breath-taking experience’, the district exhibits competition is a central and much-loved feature of the annual Brisbane Exhibition, Queensland's premier agricultural show. Although the contest has attracted enthusiastic crowds and substantial media attention across more than a century, scholarly analysis has been limited. Yet, as other studies have demonstrated, exploring key aspects of the histories of agricultural shows not only provides insights into some of post-contact Australia's oldest and most popular events, but also enriches our understanding of the ideas that have sustained and shaped our communities. This article contributes to that historiography through an analysis of the origins and subsequent meanings of the Brisbane district exhibits competition.
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Fincher, Ruth, and Kate Shaw. "The Unintended Segregation of Transnational Students in Central Melbourne." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 41, no. 8 (August 2009): 1884–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a41126.
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Links between the rapid growth of tertiary students resident in a city and that city's gentrification have recently been proposed in a UK-based literature about ‘studentification’. These analyses frame student subjectivity, identity, and experience in particular ways—students are agents of urban change, propelling shifts in neighbourhood housing and entertainment submarkets in a manner that local host communities often resent. Consideration of the experiences of the students themselves, through the effects of the host society and the city on them, is less common. Based on research conducted in Melbourne, we focus on transnational students, who are seen as consumers for a major export industry. We use the voices of transnational students recently arrived in the city to make the claim that an unintended sociospatial segregation of these students is occurring, largely driven by institutional practices. Students' agency is fundamentally affected by their institutional context, which determines the conditions of their entry to Australia and to university there, their housing, and, to a remarkable degree, their opportunities for social interaction.
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Casanova, Michelle T., Annabel Douglas-Hill, Margaret A. Brock, Monika Muschal, and Michael Bales. "Farm ponds in New South Wales, Australia: relationship between macrophyte and phytoplankton abundances." Marine and Freshwater Research 48, no. 4 (1997): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf96131.
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The physical, chemical and biological characteristics of 65 farm ponds in the Northern Tablelands and Central Western Slopes regions of New South Wales, Australia, were similar to those recorded for Australian ponds in other studies. The strongest single relationship between physico-chemical characteristics and biological characteristics was for high abundance of phytoplankton, low abundance of macrophytes, high turbidity, and high nutrient concentrations in ponds on granitic soil. Variation among the ponds was such that no other relationship was significant. Five groups of ponds were discerned on the basis of their biological and physico-chemical characteristics. One group could be classed as reasonably ‘pristine’, with high water clarity and high abundance of macrophytes; another group presented highly eutrophic, phytoplankton-dominated conditions. Ponds in these two groups can be described as being in ‘alternative stable states’. A third group had been modified with the intention of improving the appearance or utility of the ponds. The last two groups identified in this analysis had no specific parallels in the literature. Abundance of macrophytes was related to good water quality, and encouragement of increased abundance of submerged plants in farm ponds could result in improved water quality.
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Morrison, Glenn. "Walking, Frontier and Nation: Re/tracing the Songlines in Central Australian Literature." Journal of Intercultural Studies 40, no. 1 (December 23, 2018): 118–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07256868.2018.1552571.
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Konkes, Claire, Cynthia Nixon, Libby Lester, and Kathleen Williams. "Coal versus coral: Australian climate change politics sees the Great Barrier Reef in court." Queensland Review 28, no. 2 (December 2021): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2022.10.
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AbstractThe likelihood that climate change may destroy the Great Barrier Reef has been a central motif in Australia’s climate change politics for more than a decade as political ideologies and corporate and environmental activism draw or refute connections between the coal industry and climate change. The media fuel this debate because in this contest, as ever, the news media always do more than simply report the news. Given that the Reef has also been central to the evolution of Australia’s environmental laws since the 1960s, it is not surprising that the Reef is now a leading actor in efforts to test the capacity of our environmental laws to support action on climate change. In this contribution, we examine the news coverage of the Australian Conservation Foundation’s (ACF) 2015 challenge to Adani’s Carmichael coal mine to observe the discursive struggle between the supporters and opponents of the mine. Our analysis of the case shows that while the courts are arenas of material and symbolic contest in the politics of climate change in Australia, public interest environmental litigants struggle both inside and outside the courts to challenge the privileging of mining interests over the public interest.
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Hughes, John P. "Theory into practice in Australian progressive education." History of Education Review 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-03-2014-0027.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to scrutinize the avowedly progressive curriculum delivered in the 1930s at the Enmore Activity School. Through this examination it delineates a gap in Australia between the theoretical formulations of progressive education and school practice. The study of this curriculum is used to locate historical trends and influences that aided or hindered the application of progressive education in Australia during the 1930s. Design/methodology/approach – Through a review of the archival and historical literature on the curriculum at the Enmore Activity School the paper defines the ways progressive education was understood in Australia at that time. Findings – The analysis reveals that Enmore delivered a type of progressive education Tyack dubs “administrative progressivism” in a programme that remained essentially orthodox. Yet although an authentically progressive curriculum proved elusive at Enmore the school did, by example, influence several later curriculums. Originality/value – This close up study provides insights into how central tenets of progressive education were understood, accepted, or rejected at the local level in Australia in the 1930s. It offers fresh perspectives on contemporary educational debates about progressive education.
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Smyth, A., M. Friedel, and C. O'Malley. "The influence of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) on biodiversity in an arid Australian landscape." Rangeland Journal 31, no. 3 (2009): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj08026.
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Buffel grass [Cenchrus ciliaris L. syn. Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link] is an exotic species that has been widely planted in Australian arid and semi-arid grazing lands, and has become an important resource for livestock. It establishes readily and has expanded into such a diversity of land types beyond grazing lands that it is also regarded as a serious environmental weed. Although there is an abundance of literature on the production benefits of buffel grass, there is relatively little about its influence on native flora and fauna in arid Australia, particularly when its cover levels are low. This study attempted to clarify the influence of buffel grass and environmental patterns on the occurrence of ground vegetation, birds, reptiles and ants in a gneissic hill habitat in central Australia where buffel grass has encroached. Despite poor conditions for growth, we were able to distinguish the influence of buffel grass from that of other variables like overstorey cover, soil pH, fire and transect orientation. Cover of buffel grass did not exceed ~20% but it still accounted for a small amount of the variation in the composition of ground vegetation and birds, and of the ‘ground-dwelling’ bird guild and the ‘hot climate specialist’ functional group of ants. There were insufficient reptiles for analysis. We conclude that, even when cover is low, buffel grass can have a detectable influence on some aspects of community dynamics. Given the evidence from published literature and from this study, we expect the influence of buffel grass on the diversity of native flora and fauna to increase, particularly if buffel grass expands into land types previously thought unsuited to its environmental needs.
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Contois, Emily J. H. "“He just smiled and gave me a Vegemite sandwich”." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 8, no. 3 (August 15, 2016): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-06-2015-0019.
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Purpose Through a case study of J. Walter Thompson and Kraft’s efforts to market Vegemite in the USA in the late 1960s, this paper aims to explore transnational systems of cultural production and consumption, the US’s changing perception of Australia and the influence of culture on whether advertising fails or succeeds. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws from archival primary sources, including advertisements and newspapers, as well as secondary literatures from the fields of advertising history, food studies and transnational studies of popular culture. Findings Although J. Walter Thompson’s advertising contributed to Vegemite’s icon status in Australia, it failed to capture the American market in the late 1960s. In the 1980s, however, Vegemite did capture American interest when it was central to a wave of Australian popular culture that included films, sport and music, particularly Men at Work’s hit song, “Down Under”, whose lyrics mentioned Vegemite. As such, Vegemite’s moment of success stateside occurred without a national advertising campaign. Even when popular, however, Americans failed to like Vegemite’s taste, confirming it as a uniquely culturally specific product. Originality/value This paper analyzes a little-studied advertising campaign. The case study’s interdisciplinary findings will be of interest to scholars of advertising history, twentieth century USA and Australian history and food studies.
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Perényi, Áron, and Alexis S. Esposto. "How can effective governance build business opportunities between Australia and the Visegrád countries?" Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 2 (2015): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i2c1p4.
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Australia’s economic ties to Europe relatively weakened over the past decades, the Asian Century opened up new opportunities, and diverted attention from a Euro-centric political and economic view. This paper does not challenge the merit of Australia’s current global orientation. However, it does take the opportunity to a possibility for diversification, using effective leadership in raising business opportunities with the emerging region of Europe: the Visegrád Countries. This group of nations have been earmarked as the best performing, latest additions to the EU. Outcomes of a round table discussion with key stakeholders of the Australia – Central Europe business relations are documented and cross-referenced with extant literature to highlight the main areas in which effective leadership can build business opportunities
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Murodov, Bakojon, and Mashrabjon Shaymanov. "BIOECOLOGY AND HARM OF THE COMSTOCK WORM (PSEUDOCOCCUS COMSTOCKI KUWANA 1902)." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 04, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume04issue05-08.
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The Comstock worm is native to Japan and China, and entomologist S. Kuwan described the worm in 1902 and named it Comstock in honor of the American entomologist Comstoc. The Comstock worm has not been reported in the literature for many years, and by the 1920s, reports of new outbreaks had begun to appear in the press. Comstock worms are now found in many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas and Europe. Comstock worms are widespread in all Central Asian republics, including Kazakhstan, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan.
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Abu Sa'aleek, Mohammad Ali. "The effect of silver-impregnated catheters on catheter colonization and catheter-related bloodstream infection: a comparison between silver-impregnated and standard catheter." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 5 (April 26, 2017): 1737. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171804.
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The use of antimicrobial central catheter is common in clinical practice to prevent catheter colonization, therefore preventing catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI). This paper aims to evaluate evidence from the literature in order to illustrate the effectiveness of one of the most common antimicrobial central catheters, chlorhexidine/silver sulfadiazine central venous catheter, in the prevention of bacterial colonization and CRBSI. Several studies have been selected including randomized control trails (RCTs), meta-analysis and systematic review. The seven RCTs included a total number of 2346 catheters. The patients were either assigned to an intervention group (silver-impregnated central venues catheter) or a control group (standard catheter). These studies were conducted in the USA, Europe, Australia and Brazil from 2004 until 2012. The results revealed that there was a discrepancy in the effectiveness of using silver-impregnated central venous catheter in prevention of catheter colonization and catheter- related bloodstream infection. More recent randomized studies are needed to solve this discrepancy, with a focus on following of infection control measures as the golden standard to prevent colonization and reduction of CRBSI.
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Green, Stephanie. "The condition of recognition: Gothic intimations in Andrew McGahan's The White Earth." Queensland Review 23, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2016.9.
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AbstractThis article discusses the evocation of the Gothic as a narrative interrogation of the intersections between place, identity and power in Andrew McGahan's The White Earth (2004). The novel deploys common techniques of Gothic literary fiction to create a sense of disassociation from the grip of a European colonial sensibility. It achieves this in various ways, including by representing its central architectural figure of colonial dominance, Kuran House, as an emblem of aristocratic pastoral decline, then by invoking intimations of an ancient supernatural presence which intercedes in the linear descent of colonial possession and, ultimately, by providing a rational explanation for the novel's events. The White Earth further demonstrates the inherently adaptive qualities of Gothic narrative technique as a means of confronting the limits to white belonging in post-colonial Australia by referencing a key historical moment, the 1992 Mabo judgment, which rejected the concept of terra nullius and recognised native title under Australian common law. At once discursive and performative, the sustained way in which the work employs the tropic power of Gothic anxiety serves to reveal the uncertain terms in which its characters negotiate what it means to be Australian, more than 200 years after colonial invasion.
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Martinus, Kirsten, and David Hedgcock. "The methodological challenge of cross-national qualitative research." Qualitative Research Journal 15, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-07-2013-0046.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the difficulties faced during the interview process in a cross-national qualitative comparative case study between Japan and Australia. It discusses the challenges in producing insightful data and preserving the integrity of findings when methodologies are influenced by different cultural and professional environments. Design/methodology/approach – The paper explores literature on cross-national qualitative research in the context of policy research as well as the philosophical and professional differences between Japan and Western countries (like Australia). It reflects on practical examples and strategies used by the researcher during the ethics and interview processes when adapting widely accepted qualitative case study methodology to suit the Japanese cultural and professional environment. Findings – The paper finds that linguistic, cultural, professional and philosophical differences between the countries challenged initial researcher assumptions that comparability between the case study regions would be maintained through the application of accepted methodologies and an “insider” status. It observes that the quest to generate rich and insightful data places the character and capability of the researcher as central in the research process. Originality/value – This paper provides practical examples and strategies for social science researchers using interview methods in Japan and Australian. It points to a need for further research on the ambiguous and elusive nature of the “insider” paradigm as well as the “comparability” of cross-national qualitative case studies when methodological “flexibility” is used to enrich and preserve the integrity of research findings.
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Guntarik, Olivia. "Resistance narratives." Narrative Inquiry 19, no. 2 (December 16, 2009): 306–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.19.2.06gun.
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Narrative analysis has emerged as a central analytical force in furthering a critique of colonial discourse. This article examines the relationship between narrative and discourse, by offering a comparative analysis of indigenous narrative, in the context of Australian and Malaysian history and contemporary museum practices of representation. I argue that indigenous knowledge is underpinned by narratives that enable a radical reconceptualization of existing epistemological and philosophical practices to viewing the world. This knowledge reflects various narratives of resistance about indigeneity that challenge traditional understandings of difference, revealing the ways indigenous people make sense of the past and construct their own narratives. My intention is to explore the tensions of place, space and memory through a reflection on indigenous resistance narratives. I examine different knowledges of place and “country”, suggesting there are parallels between indigenous people’s cultural knowledge in Australia and indigenous people’s knowledge in Malaysia. Western preoccupations continue to ignore this cultural knowledge and, in doing so, they eclipse broader awareness about issues of significance for indigenous communities.
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van, der Ree R. "The occurrence of the yellow-footed antechinus Antechinus flavipes in remnant linear habitats in north-eastern Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 25, no. 1 (2003): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am03097.
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THE yellow-footed Antechinus Antechinus flavipes is distributed from South Australia, through central Victoria, New South Wales and into Queensland as well as in south-western Australia (Van Dyck 1998). In south-eastern Australia, the conservation of A. flavipes is not assured because its range largely corresponds with the temperate woodlands that have undergone extensive clearing and degradation (Menkhorst 1995). Despite this, no studies on the effects of the loss and fragmentation of habitat on A. flavipes have been published in the scientific literature. In contrast, numerous ecological studies that investigate the consequences of anthropogenic disturbance have been undertaken on its congeners, the brown antechinus Antechinus stuartii and agile antechinus Antechinus agilis (e.g., Bennett 1987; Downes et al. 1997; Knight and Fox 2000). These studies indicate that the abundance of these species may be influenced by patch size (Bennett 1987; Dunstan and Fox 1996), distance to large forest blocks (Downes et al. 1997), habitat structure (Knight and Fox 2000) and degree of tolerance to modified habitats that surround the patch (Knight and Fox 2000). Can the response of A. stuartii and A. agilis be used to predict how the loss, fragmentation and degradation of habitat may affect A. flavipes? In this note, I provide preliminary information about a population of A. flavipes occupying linear fragments of woodland in an agricultural landscape in southeastern Australia.
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Riedel, Jendrian, Eric Nordberg, and Lin Schwarzkopf. "Ecological niche and microhabitat use of Australian geckos." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 66, no. 3-4 (November 6, 2020): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22244662-bja10002.
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Modern biological research often uses global datasets to answer broad-scale questions using various modelling techniques. But detailed information on species–habitat interactions are often only available for a few species. Australian geckos, a species-rich group of small nocturnal predators, are particularly data-deficient. For most species, information is available only as scattered, anecdotal, or descriptive entries in the taxonomic literature or in field guides. We surveyed gecko communities from 10 sites, and 15 locations across central and northern Queensland, Australia, to quantify ecological niche and habitat use of these communities. Our surveys included deserts, woodlands, and rainforests, examining 34 gecko species. We assigned species to habitat niche categories: arboreal (9 species), saxicoline (4), or terrestrial (13), if at least 75% of our observations fell in one microhabitat; otherwise we classified geckos as generalists (8). For arboreal species, we described perch height and perch diameter and assigned them to ecomorph categories, originally developed for Anolis lizards. There was lower species richness in rainforests than in habitats with lower relative humidity; the highest species richness occurred in woodlands. Most arboreal and generalist species fit the trunk-ground ecomorph, except those in the genus Strophurus, whose members preferred shrubs, twigs of small trees, or, in two cases, spinifex grass hummocks, thus occupying a perch space similar to that of grass-bush anoles. Habitat use by Pseudothecadactylus australis, Saltuarius cornutus, and Gehyra dubia fit the trunk-crown ecomorph. We provide quantified basic ecological data and habitat use for a large group of previously poorly documented species.
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Bell, Stephen. "The Limits of Rational Choice: New Institutionalism in the Test Bed of Central Banking Politics in Australia." Political Studies 50, no. 3 (August 2002): 477–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00380.
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This paper tests the explanatory capacities of different versions of new institutionalism by examining the Australian case of a general transition in central banking practice and monetary politics: namely, the increased emphasis on low inflation and central bank independence. Standard versions of rational choice institutionalism largely dominate the literature on the politics of central banking, but this approach (here termed RC1) fails to account for Australian empirics. RC1 has a tendency to establish actor preferences exogenously to the analysis; actors' motives are also assumed a priori; actor's preferences are depicted in relatively static, ahistorical terms. And there is the tendency, even a methodological requirement, to assume relatively simple motives and preference sets among actors, in part because of the game theoretic nature of RC1 reasoning. It is possible to build a more accurate rational choice model by re-specifying and essentially updating the context, incentives and choice sets that have driven rational choice in this case. Enter RC2. However, this move subtly introduces methodological shifts and new theoretical challenges. By contrast, historical institutionalism uses an inductive methodology. Compared with deduction, it is arguably better able to deal with complexity and nuance. It also utilises a dynamic, historical approach, and specifies (dynamically) endogenous preference formation by interpretive actors. Historical institutionalism is also able to more easily incorporate a wider set of key explanatory variables and incorporate wider social aggregates. Hence, it is argued that historical institutionalism is the preferred explanatory theory and methodology in this case.
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Khawar, Laila, Dorothy A. Machalek, David G. Regan, Basil Donovan, Skye McGregor, and Rebecca J. Guy. "Defining Elimination of Genital Warts—A Modified Delphi Study." Vaccines 8, no. 2 (June 18, 2020): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020316.
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Background: Substantial declines in genital warts (GW) have been observed in countries with quadrivalent HPV vaccination programmes, with Australia showing the highest reductions due to early commencement and high vaccination coverage. There is a real potential to achieve GW elimination; however, no GW elimination definition exists. Taking Australia as a case study, we aimed to reach expert consensus on a proposed GW elimination definition using a modified Delphi process. Method: We used modelling and epidemiological data to estimate the expected number of new GW cases, from pre-vaccination (baseline) in 2006 to the year 2060 in Australian heterosexuals, men who have sex with men (MSM), and newly arrived international travellers and migrants. We used these data and the literature, to develop a questionnaire containing ten elimination-related items, each with 9-point Likert scales (1—strongly disagree; 9—strongly agree). The survey was completed by 18 experts who participated in a full day face-to-face modified Delphi study, in which individuals and then small groups discussed and scored each item. The process was repeated online for items where consensus (≥70% agreement) was not initially achieved. Median and coefficient of variation (COV) were used to describe the central tendency and variability of responses, respectively. Findings: There was a 95% participation rate in the face-to-face session, and 84% response rate in the final online round. The median item score ranged between 7.0 and 9.0 and the COV was ≤0.30 on all items. Consensus was reached that at ≥80% HPV vaccination coverage, GW will be eliminated as a public health problem in Australia by 2060. During this time period there will be a 95% reduction in population-level incidence compared with baseline, equivalent to <1 GW case per 10,000 population. The reductions will occur most rapidly in Australian heterosexuals, with 73%, 90% and 97% relative reductions by years 2021, 2030 and 2060, respectively. The proportion of new GW cases attributable to importation will increase from 3.6% in 2006 to ~49% in 2060. Interpretation: Our results indicate that the vaccination programme will minimise new GW cases in the Australian population, but importation of cases will continue. This is the first study to define GW elimination at a national level. The framework developed could be used to define GW elimination in other countries, with thresholds particularly valuable for vaccination programme impact evaluation. Funding: LK supported through an Australian Government Research Training Programme Scholarship; unconditional funding from Seqirus to support the Delphi Workshop.
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Friedel, Margaret, and Vanessa Chewings. "Community engagement in regional development: a case study of a systems approach to tourism in central Australia." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 1 (2011): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj09031.
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We report a case study of community involvement in industry and regional development which took a whole-system approach to growing the tourist industry in central Australia. All stages of the study are presented beginning with the initial creation of a systems model of the industry in collaboration with the tourism industry, government agencies and the wider community in Stage 1. The process of engaging support for Stage 2 is described and attempts to refine the components of the model and develop an information system in the second stage are outlined. Neither a refinement of the tourism simulator model nor a functional information system were achieved, although extensive information was gathered and interpreted as part of the process. The outcomes were constrained by institutional difficulties despite clear goodwill among the participants. Contrary to expectations, data that would help build the sub-models were not found. An events and attractions investment sub-model was developed as fully as possible to explore data constraints. Information provided by interviewees was synthesised as far as possible to develop relationships describing economic impacts, but different ways of estimating outcomes were not compatible, even within a single sub-model. A review of recent literature showed that effective modelling required much more sophisticated data gathering than was possible within this study to indicate sustainable yield from different investment strategies. The study provided a practical demonstration of the challenges involved in genuinely engaging a regional rangeland community in industry and regional development, and the limited benefits of systems dynamics modelling, especially where resources and data are constrained. A useful outcome was the identification of the particular activities which elicited the greatest response from participants – the systems workshops, trialling the demonstration tourism simulator and one-on-one sharing of information. These should form the basis of future community involvement in regional development rather than any attempt to refine modelling tools.
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Turpin, Myfany, and Jennifer Green. "Rapikwenty: ‘A loner in the ashes’ and other songs for sleeping." Studia Metrica et Poetica 5, no. 1 (August 5, 2018): 52–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/smp.2018.5.1.03.
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Rapikwenty is a traditional Australian Indigenous set of stories-and-songs from the Utopia region of Central Australia performed by Anmatyerr speaking adults to lull children to sleep. The main protagonist is a boy who is left to play alone in the ashes. Like many lullabies, Rapikwenty is characterised by scary themes, soft dynamics, a limited pitch range and repetition. The story-and-song form is not common in the Australian literature on lullabies, yet such combinations of prose and verse are found in other forms of verbal art of the region (Green 2014). This verbal art style is also well-attested in other oral traditions of the world (Harris & Reichl, 1997). Rapikwenty resembles other Anmatyerr genres in its song structure; yet differs in its performance style. Echoing Trainor et al. (1999: 532), we find it is the “soothing, smooth, and airy” delivery, rather than any formal properties of the genre, that achieves the lulling effect. In addition, Rapikwenty uses the recitative style known as arnwerirrem ‘humming’. The voice thus moves seamlessly between spoken story and sung verse, creating a smooth delivery throughout. We suggest that the combination of prose and verse reflects an Anmatyerr concept of song as prototypically punctuating events in a story rather than a medium for story-telling itself. This article suggests a more nuanced approach to the relationship between genre and performance styles.
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McSwan, David, and Ken Stevens. "Post Secondary School Educational and Vocational Issues Facing Families in Rural North Queensland." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 5, no. 1 (March 1, 1995): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v5i1.394.
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Vocational choice has been a critical issue for rural Queensland families for many years although it remains a little documented aspect of the lives of secondary school students and their parents who live in the outback. While rural education has received official recognition as an area of disadvantage in the Australian education system for almost two decades (Schools Commission, 1975; Commission of Inquiry into Poverty in Australia, 1976) vocational choice in outback schools, which is central to the relationships between both school and work and school and tertiary education, has not been prominent in the research literature in spite of several recent reports (Boomer, 1988; Australian Education Council Review Committee, 1991; National Board of Employment, Education and Training, 1991). This research project has been designed to investigate the processes of post secondary school education and vocational choices for families in a representative community and to consider the implications of this issue for schools and policy makers. The research project was initiated by Dr David McSwan of James Cook University's Rural Education Research and Development Centre and Dr Ken Stevens of the Faculty of Education at Victoria University in Wellington in New Zealand. Specifically, the research will investigate how families with year ten, eleven and twelve students in a selected North Queensland community make choices about post secondary school education and careers.
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Steer, Philip. "The Climates of the Victorian Novel: Seasonality, Weather, and Regional Fiction in Britain and Australia." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 136, no. 3 (May 2021): 370–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812921000286.
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AbstractAnthropocene criticism of Victorian literature has focused more on questions of temporality and predictability than on those related to climate in the nineteenth century. Climate knowledge is central to the regional novel, which is attuned to the seasonal basis of agriculture and sociality, but the formal influence of the British climate also becomes more apparent through a consideration of the genre's adaptation to colonial conditions. Thomas Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge highlights how a known seasonal cycle underpins the differentiation of climate and weather and explores the role of economic systems in mediating the experience of climate. Rolf Boldrewood's The Squatter's Dream, set amid the nonannual seasonal change of Australia, demonstrates the fracturing of the regional novel form under the stress of sustained drought. Such a comparative approach highlights the importance of regular seasonality as the basis of the Victorian novel's ability to conceptualize the relation of climate, weather, and capital.
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Cryle, Denis. "Creating a Culture: Literary Events, Institutions and Communities in Central Queensland." Queensland Review 13, no. 2 (July 2006): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s132181660000444x.
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Professor J.J. Stable, a pioneer of Australian literature at the University of Queensland, recognised the sporadic development of the state's literary culture when he observed in 1924 that, while Queensland writing was ‘not what it was’: ‘There is however very evident in Queensland at the present time a revival of interest in all matters appertaining to art and literature.’ The moment for this optimistic reflection was, aptly, the Brisbane centenary celebrations. While predominantly a metropolitan event, it was not without ramifications for regional Queensland writers. Like the state and national commemorations of 1959 and 1988, it began to recognise local talent and Queensland cultural achievement in a cohesive and semi-official manner.
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Hawthorne, Lesleyanne. "The politicisation of English." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics. Series S 13 (January 1, 1996): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.13.02haw.
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Abstract The past decade in Australia has been characterised by a striking growth in the application of language testing, frequently in contexts governed by macro-political pressures. Despite this, the literature to date has rarely placed its first emphasis on the pragmatic considerations which typically give rise to test development, and impact on test design as well as administration outcomes. To illustrate the significance of this, this chapter explores the recent pressures surrounding the evolution and implementation of the Special Test of English Proficiency (step test) – a form of ESL testing designed not merely to assess linguistic competence, but to play a central role in the determination of residential status for substantial numbers of asylum seekers.
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Johnson, Dale W., Malcolm S. Cresser, S. Ingvar Nilsson, John Turner, Bernhard Ulrich, Dan Binkley, and Dale W. Cole. "Soil changes in forest ecosystems: evidence for and probable causes." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 97 (1990): 81–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000005303.
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SynopsisA review of the literature on forest soil change in North America, Central Europe. Sweden, U.K., and Australia reveals that changes are occurring in both polluted and unpolluted sites at a greater rate than previously suspected. Acid deposition has played a major role in recent acidification in some areas of Europe and, to a more limited extent, in Sweden and eastern North America. However, rapid rates of soil acidification are occurring in western North America and Australia due to internal processes such as tree uptake and nitrification associated with excessive nitrogen fixation. The presence of extremely acid soils is not necessarily an indicator of significant acidic deposition, as evidenced by their presence in unpolluted, even pristine forests of the north-western U.S.A. and Alaska. Numerous studies in Sweden, Australia, and North America show the important effects of tree uptake and harvesting upon soil acidification in managed forests. Furthermore, arguments can be presented that harvesting takes a greater toll upon the pools of potentially limiting cations than leaching.The rate at which soils are changing in some instances calls for a re-evaluation of the budget analyses used to predict soil change. Specifically, inter-horizon changes due to uptake and recycling by vegetation, the interactions of such changes with naturally- and anthropogenically-produced acids, and the effects of aluminium uptake and recycling need further evaluation and study.