Journal articles on the topic 'Census, 1639'
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Corredera, Edward Jones, Lara Muschel, and Mark Somos. "Hugo Grotius’s De iure belli ac pacis: a Report on the Worldwide Census of the Third Edition (1631)." Grotiana 43, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 246–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760759-43010012.
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Abstract Hugo Grotius’s best-known work, De iure belli ac pacis, appeared in 1625 in Paris with the author’s approval. A second unauthorised version was published in 1626 in Frankfurt. In 1631 the Amsterdam publisher, Willem Janszoon Blaeu (1571–1638), issued the third edition, this one authorised by the author – and this edition featured nearly a thousand revisions by Grotius. The purpose of this report is to analyse the context behind the publication of this third edition and the copies’ provenance records. Using online and card catalogues, we have located 154 copies. We examined 52 copies in person, and another three fully digitised copies online. We hope that this research note on preliminary results will generate greater interest in this unduly neglected edition, and that readers will kindly bring further copies to our attention.
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Corredera, Edward Jones, Pablo Nicolas Dufour, Lara Muschel, Emanuele Salerno, Timothy Twining, and Mark Somos. "Hugo Grotius’s De iure belli ac pacis: A Report on the Worldwide Census of the Fifth Edition (1632, Blaeu)." Grotiana 43, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 412–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760759-43020003.
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Abstract This article provides new information on the printing and readership history of the fifth edition of De iure belli ac pacis. Building on our earlier research on the way that the dispute between Willem Janszoon Blaeu and Johannes Janssonius influenced the publication of the 1631 edition of the text, this article studies how Blaeu harnessed his position to make the 1632 edition more reputable than the earlier version published by his rival. The article considers how, over four centuries, readers have appreciated the quality of the production and three engaged with the text for radically different ends: Remigius Faesch, Baron von Boineburg, and Wendell Phillips. The article draws attention to the changes and continuities in reading and annotation patterns and offers preliminary insights into the themes that these influential readers focused on. We hope that it will inspire readers to bring further copies to our attention.
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Astorri, Paolo. "Early Modern Lutheran Theologians and the Redeemable Census." Studia Historica: Historia Moderna 44, no. 1 (July 19, 2022): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/shhmo20224415376.
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In sixteenth-century Germany, a particular financial operation called widerkaufflicher Zins or five percent contract sparked massive legal and theological controversies. This contract produced effects like a loan and therefore countered the interest-taking prohibition. Martin Luther (1483-1546), Philipp Melanchthon (1497-1560), Johannes Brenz (1499-1570), Johannes Aepinus (1499-1553), Urbanus Rhegius (1489-1541), Martin Chemnitz (1522-1586), Aegidius Hunnius (1550-1603), and Johann Gerhard (1582-1637) addressed this issue. They ended up reformulating the prohibition on interest and mapping out a set of rules for the right use of this contract. This article will survey their opinions paying attention to the points where their teachings resembled the Catholics or where they took a different path.
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Corredera, Edward Jones, Pablo Nicolas Dufour, Lara Muschel, Emanuele Salerno, Timothy Twining, and Mark Somos. "Hugo Grotius’s De iure belli ac pacis: A Report on the Worldwide Census of the Fourth Edition (1632, Janssonius)." Grotiana 43, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760759-43020002.
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Abstract This is the fourth instalment of our census and study of the reception of the first nine editions of De iure belli ac pacis. Here we focus on the two versions that Johannes Janssonius issued in 1632, one with a copy of Mare liberum attached to it. This report outlines the place of the 1632 Janssonius edition in the context of his long-running rivalry with the printer Willem Blaeu and his firm. It then explores the typographical differences between the two issues, their causes, and their significance for our understanding of the reception of the text. Finally, it provides the preliminary results of the census concerning the circulation and provenance of the fifty-three copies of this edition that we have found. We hope that this research note on the preliminary results will attract interest in this edition and that readers will kindly inform us of further copies.
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L., C. B., Joan Serafí Bernat I. Marti, Miquel Ángel Badanes Martin, Joan Serafi Bernat I. Marti, and Miquel Angel Badanes Martin. "Crecimiento de la población valenciana. Análisis y presentación de los censos demográficos (1609-1857)." Population (French Edition) 50, no. 2 (March 1995): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1534203.
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Abadía Quintero, Carolina. "Crédito eclesiástico y sistema de empréstitos de la catedral de Popayán, 1632 - 1790." Fronteras de la Historia 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 202–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22380/20274688.1893.
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El presente artículo se centra en el estudio de 45 escrituras de censo del Fondo Notaría Primera del Archivo Central del Cauca, para identificar los créditos realizados por la catedral de Popayán entre los siglos XVII y XVIII, con el fin de analizar sus sistemas de empréstitos y de gestión económica, en cabeza del cabildo catedral. Se caracterizan entonces los tipos de censos, los valores y los réditos, así como los censualistas, los bienes y la geografía de los préstamos concedidos.
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Gaston, Symielle, Jesse Wilkerson, Nat MacNell, W. Braxton Jackson, and Chandra Jackson. "0233 Racial/ethnic Residential Segregation - a Component of Structural Racism - and Sleep Health by Neighborhood-level Poverty." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0233.
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Abstract Introduction Racial/ethnic residential segregation may contribute to sleep disparities by concentrating poverty and impairing sleep among minoritized groups. Yet, due to racism, equitable access to sleep-promoting resources may not occur in integrated neighborhoods. Further, social/cultural factors within ethnic enclaves could be protective. Methods To investigate whether relationships between racial/ethnic residential segregation and sleep vary by census tract-level poverty among US adults, we linked nationally-representative National Health Interview Survey data (2011-2017) to 2012 and 2017 American Community Survey census tract-level data. We used the local Getis-Ord Gi* statistic to categorize residential segregation (high, medium, low [reference]), considering differences between racial/ethnic composition within a census tract to the surrounding county. Survey-weighted, Poisson regressions with robust variance estimation were stratified by race/ethnicity and approximate census tract-level poverty tertile (high [>16.9% of residents below poverty level], medium [>7.9%-16.9%], low [0%-7.9%]) to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for self-reported sleep health measures. Results Among 126,539 participants (mean age±SE=46±0.1 years), non-Hispanic (NH)-Black and Latino adults were most likely to report short sleep (41%) and non-restorative sleep (37%), respectively. Racial/ethnic residential segregation was most common among NH-Black (38%), followed by non-Mexican Latino (34%) and NH-Asian adults (34%), and was least prevalent among NH-White adults (17%) but was not associated with sleep among Mexican, non-Mexican Latino, or NH-Black adults. Among NH-Asian adults, high segregation was marginally associated with a higher prevalence of short sleep (< 7-hours vs. recommended [7-9 hours]) in low-poverty neighborhoods (PR=1.17 [95% CI:0.97-1.42]) but was associated with recommended sleep in medium-poverty neighborhoods (PRshort sleep=0.79 [0.63-0.99]). Among NH-White adults, high residential segregation was associated with more restorative sleep only in high-poverty (PR=1.13 [1.06-1.20]) and low-poverty (PR=1.03 [1.00-1.07]) neighborhoods. Conclusion Associations between racial/ethnic residential segregation and sleep health varied by neighborhood-level poverty among NH-Asian and NH-White adults. The lack of differences among most minoritized groups may be related to the close proximity of higher-income and lower-income neighborhoods due to structural racism. Future studies including spatial analyses are warranted. The findings/conclusions in this research are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Research Data Center, National Center for Health Statistics, or CDC. Support (if any)
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Lazo García, Carlos, and Alex Ortegal Izquierdo. "La caja general de censos de indios de Lima, institución colonial de crédito dinerario (Perú 1580-1821)." FENIX, no. 39 (January 1, 1997): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.51433/fenix-bnp.1997.n39.p95-123.
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En la Colonia existieron tres Cajas Generales de Censos de Indios. Ellas estuvieron situadas en Lima, Cuzco y Charcas, y fueron establecidas en tiempos diferentes. La de Lima, a fines del siglo XVI; la cuzqueña durante la primera mitad del siglo XVII y la charqueña, al parecer entre 1626 y 1633. El presente estudio constituye un acápite del libro “La banca, el crédito y el dinero en el feudalismo peruano colonial” de próxima publicación.
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Lazo García, Carlos, and Alex Ortegal Izquierdo. "La caja general de censos de indios de Lima, institución colonial de crédito dinerario (Perú 1580-1821)." FENIX, no. 39 (January 8, 2021): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.51433/fenix-bnp.1997.n39.p95-123.
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En la Colonia existieron tres Cajas Generales de Censos de Indios. Ellas estuvieron situadas en Lima, Cuzco y Charcas, y fueron establecidas en tiempos diferentes. La de Lima, a fines del siglo XVI; la cuzqueña durante la primera mitad del siglo XVII y la charqueña, al parecer entre 1626 y 1633. El presente estudio constituye un acápite del libro “La banca, el crédito y el dinero en el feudalismo peruano colonial” de próxima publicación.
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Alfani, Guido. "Wealth Inequalities and Population Dynamics in Early Modern Northern Italy." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 40, no. 4 (April 2010): 513–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2010.40.4.513.
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An analysis of the wealth and population of early modern Ivrea—based on the estimi, or property tax, records; the correzioni degli estimi, a continuous series of tax records rarely found elsewhere and hardly ever used before; the census of 1613, another unique and informative source; and other archival records—finds that the city's concentration and distribution of wealth was resilient even in face of acute demographical shocks (such as the plague of 1630) and that inequalities in property underwent a slow increase even in economically stagnant areas during the seventeenth century. The article places these findings in a European perspective, and it debates Jan van Zanden's hypothesis of a positive relationship between inequality in wealth and demographical/economic growth before the Industrial Revolution.
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Musyoka, Rachael, and Serah Kimaru. "Level of Funding and Performance of Monitoring and Evaluation System of Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus Programme in Msambweni Sub- County, Kwale County." Global Journal of Health Sciences 7, no. 1 (September 6, 2022): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/gjhs.1635.
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Purpose: The study sought to determine influence of funding on performance of Monitoring and Evaluation system of Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus Programme in Msambweni Sub- County, Kwale County
Methodology: A descriptive survey design was used. A total of 36 staff working in the HIV Programme were targeted because they are familiar with the M&E activities of the programme. All thirty-six staff working in the programme were used in this study as respondents. The researcher used Census survey in each facility because the number of subjects was manageable. Data was collected from the respondents using semi- structured questionnaires. The data was sorted, assessed for completeness and edited for errors, coded, and then entered into the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 where it was analysed using descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics that were used include percentages and frequencies. Data presentation was done using tables, charts and graphs.
Findings: Results revealed that the budget allocated for most of the respondents is minimal and does not favour the monitoring and evaluation system. The study concluded that lack of sufficient budget allocation has a negative impact on the performance of the monitoring and evaluation system.
Unique contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends for more money to be generated in to the budget allocated to favour the monitoring and evaluation system. Lastly but not least the study recommends that training should be encouraged on services delivery to the programme since it have got a very high impact on monitoring and evaluation system.
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Seong-Jong Park. "On the Principle of Korean Writing System with Chinese Characeters for Transcribing Korean Given Names in the Census Register of Ulsan in 1609." 古文書硏究 33, no. ll (August 2008): 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21027/manusc.2008.33..004.
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Koech, Koech, Paul Mathenge, and Elias Mwangi. "Internal Environment of the Organization and Strategic Choice in Cement Manufacturing Firms in Kenya." European Journal of Business and Strategic Management 7, no. 2 (September 6, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ejbsm.1634.
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Purpose: The objective of this research is to look into the internal environment elements of the organization that have an impact on strategic choice in the Kenyan cement industry.
Methodology: A descriptive research design was used. The target population consisted of six Kenyan cement manufacturing firms. To collect data, a census and a questionnaire were used. The collection tool was piloted prior to the actual study to determine its validity and reliability. The arithmetic standard deviation and mean were utilized to assess central tendency and dispersion.
Findings: Research findings are expected to significantly inform cement manufacturing firms and accelerate infrastructural development in Kenya as well as East Africa. Organizational structure was also positively correlated at (r =.368 and P>0.05), indicating a positive relationship, and organizational culture was positively correlated at (r =.358 and P >0.05), indicating a positive (+ve) and significant relationship. At (r) =.597 and P>0.05, managerial leadership styles had the greatest positive influence on strategic choice. The results of the study on organizational resources and strategic choice in Kenyan cement manufacturing firms revealed a moderately positive relationship that was statistically significant (r=.436 and P>0.05). According to the study, organizational structure, culture, managerial leadership style, and resources all have a positive (+ve) and significant effect on strategic choice.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy (recommendation): The research hopes to inform policy on the strategic importance of supporting and strengthening strategic choices through adapting dynamic organizational structures and implementation policies for Kenyan cement manufacturing and beyond. The study will further enable top management of Kenyan cement manufacturing firms unlock the value of their investment through effective strategic leadership. The study will help improve the management and development of strategic areas of capacity building and improve policies geared towards enhancing the strategic choice.
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L., C. B. "Bernat I Marti (Joan Serafi), Badanes Martin (Miquel Angel) — Crecimiento de la poblacion valenciana. Analisis y presentacion de los censos demograficos (1609-1857)." Population Vol. 50, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 500–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/popu.p1995.50n2.0502.
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Gonçalves, Michela Barreto Camboim, and Raul da Mota Silveira Neto. "Crescimento pró-pobre nos municípios nordestinos: evidências para o período de 1991-2000." Revista Econômica do Nordeste 41, no. 4 (March 24, 2017): 799–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.61673/ren.2010.333.
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A partir dos dados dos Censos Demográficos de 1991 e 2000, este trabalho busca fornecer evidências a respeito da qualidade do crescimento econômico dos municípios nordestinos, no sentido do seu impacto relativo sobre a renda dos mais pobres, ou seja, procura avaliar o quão pró-pobre tem sido o crescimento econômico da região no período referido. Os principais resultados obtidos mostraram que apenas 1,4% dos municípios nordestinos apresentou crescimento pró-pobre, indicando que, para esses municípios, a renda dos mais pobres cresceu relativamente mais rapidamente que a renda média da região. Entretanto, 16,9% dos municípios apresentaram crescimento não pró-pobre e 10,9%, crescimento empobrecedor. Tais resultados sugerem, sobretudo, que o crescimento econômico no Nordeste, entre 1991 e 2000, apresentou pouca efetividade como um mecanismo de combate à pobreza na região, uma vez que ele impactou relativamente menos na renda dos mais pobres.
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Nekar, Manjunath S., Anjana R. Joshi, and Dattatraya D. Bant. "Geriatric Depression and Its Association with Geriatric Malnutrition: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hubballi, North Karnataka." National Journal of Community Medicine 13, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55489/njcm.1332022388.
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Background: The world's elderly population is increasing rapidly. According to the 2011 census elderly population contributes to 7.4% of the total population. Both physical and mental disorders are prevalent among the elderly. Symptoms of depression in older people are often overlooked and untreated. Depression leads to loss of appetite, diminution of food intake, and weight loss consequently leading to malnutrition. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the geriatric population of urban field practice area using a predesigned, semi-structured questionnaire. Geriatric Depression was assessed using Geriatric Depression Scale and Nutritional Status using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Scale. House to house survey of the Geriatric population was conducted after obtaining written consent. Results: Out of 260 participants, 51.5% of the population were males, 49.2% of the population belonged to 60-69 years age group and 16.9% of them were more than 80 years of age. The prevalence of geriatric depression was 68.5 %,). The majority (64%) of the elderly population were at risk of malnutrition. Depression scores were negatively correlated with nutritional scores. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and malnutrition was considerably high among the elderly population. Malnutrition among the elderly is a significant determinant of malnutrition.
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Jiang, Yulin, Zhou Lu, Shuo Li, Yongdeng Lei, Qingquan Chu, Xiaogang Yin, and Fu Chen. "Large-Scale and High-Resolution Crop Mapping in China Using Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery." Agriculture 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2020): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100433.
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Large-scale, high-resolution mapping of crop patterns is useful for the assessment of food security and agricultural sustainability but is still limited. This study attempted to establish remote sensing-based crop classification models for specific cropping systems using the decision trees method and monitored the distribution of the major crop species using Sentinel-2 satellites (10 m) in 2017. The results showed that the cropping areas of maize, rice, and soybean on the Northeast China Plain were approximately 12.1, 6.2, and 7.4 million ha, respectively. The cropping areas of winter wheat and summer maize on the North China Plain were 13.4 and 16.9 million ha, respectively. The cropping areas of wheat, rice, and rape on the middle-lower Yangtze River plain were 2.2, 6.4 and 1.3 million ha, respectively. Estimated images agreed well with field survey data (average overall accuracy = 94%) and the national agricultural census data (R2 = 0.78). This indicated the applicability of the Sentinel-2 satellite data for large-scale, high-resolution crop mapping in China. We intend to update the crop mapping datasets annually and hope to guide the adjustment and optimization of the national agricultural structure.
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Gill, Harmeet, Oluwole Babatunde, and Sharon Weissman. "Social Determinants of Health and Disparities in Linkage to Care Among Newly Diagnosed HIV Cases – South Carolina, 2009–2011." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S419—S420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1052.
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Abstract Background Key to improved HIV outcomes is early diagnosis, linkage to care (LTC), retention in care (RIC) and viral load (VL) suppression. As treatment for HIV has become more effective, the gap in racial disparities has widened for LTC, RIC and VL. Social determinants of health (SDH) are conditions such as poverty level, income, education, employment that are responsible for most health inequities. SDH are drivers of disparities in HIV prevalence. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of SDH on racial disparities on time to LTC for newly diagnosed HIV infected individuals in South Carolina (SC). Methods Data was obtained from the SC enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System. Analysis includes individuals diagnosed with HIV in SC from 2009–2011. LTC was calculated as the time from HIV diagnosis to first CD4 or VL test. Early LTC was defined as within 30 days. Late LTC was >30 to 365 days. Individuals not LTC by 365 days were considered to have never been linked to care (NLTC). Census tract data was used to determine SHD (poverty, education, income, and unemployment) based on residence at the time of HIV diagnosis. Descriptive analysis was performed on data from newly infected individuals. Factors potentially associated with late LTC and NLTC including patient demographics, behavioral risk, residence at diagnosis and SDH were investigated. Results From 2009–2011, 2151 individuals were newly diagnosed with HIV. Of these 1636 (76.1%) were LTC early, 285 (13.2%) were LTC late and 230 (10.7%) were NLTC. NLTC was associated with male gender, lower initial CD4 count, and earlier stage of HIV at time of diagnoses (P <0.01). In multivariable analysis early HIV stage at HIV diagnosis (aOR: 1.82; 95% CI 1.3, 2.5) and living in census tracts with lower income (aOR 0.65; 95% CI 0.44, 0.97) are associated with late LTC. Male gender (aOR 2.66; 95% CI 1.49, 4.76) unknown HIV risk group (aOR 2.03; 95% CI 1.11, 2.74) and early HIV stage at diagnosis (aOR 4.59; 95% CI 2.33, 9.04) are associated with NLTC. Conclusion In SC, almost ¼ of newly diagnosed HIV infected individuals from 2009–2011 were LTC late or NLTC. SDH were not associated with late LTC or NLTC. Living in a low income census tract was associated with a lower risk for late LTC, possible because of access to Ryan White Services. Male gender and earlier HIV stage were factors with greatest association with late LTC and NLTC. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Das, Saurav, Nathan Farkas, Michael Binkley, Jonathan Williams, Ima M. Ebong, Ozan Akca, Andria Ford, Renee Van Stavern, and Allyson Zazulia. "Trends in Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Vascular Neurology Fellowships From 2006 to 2018: A Cross-Sectional Analysis." Stroke 53, no. 3 (March 2022): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.121.035481.
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Background: Workforce diversity in vascular neurology is a crucial component of reducing disparities in stroke care and outcomes. The objective of this study is to describe trends in the racial and ethnic diversity of neurology residents pursuing vascular neurology fellowship and propose an actionable plan for improvement. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of race/ethnicity of neurology residents and vascular neurology fellows using published Graduate Medical Education census reports from 2006, when race/ethnicity data were first included, to 2018. Percentage of trainees underrepresented in medicine are reported for 3-year epochs and were analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage test (χ 2 test for trend). Results: Across the study period, underrepresented in medicine representation has not changed significantly among all neurology residents and subspecialty fellows (11.9% in 2006–2009; 12.5% in 2015–2018, P =0.82) nor among neurology residents alone (12.0% in 2006–2009; 12.6% in 2015–2018, P =0.81). Among vascular neurology fellows, however, there was a significant downtrend of underrepresented in medicine representation from 16.9% in 2006 to 2009 to 9.3% in 2015 to 2018 ( P =0.013). Conclusions: Racial/ethnic underrepresentation among all neurology residents as well as those pursuing vascular neurology fellowship has persisted across the study period. Concerted efforts should be pursued to increase diversity in neurology residents and vascular neurology fellowship training.
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Li, Xiaoyong, Hanqin Tian, Chaoqun Lu, and Shufen Pan. "Four-century history of land transformation by humans in the United States (1630–2020): annual and 1 km grid data for the HIStory of LAND changes (HISLAND-US)." Earth System Science Data 15, no. 2 (March 3, 2023): 1005–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1005-2023.
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Abstract. The land of the conterminous United States (CONUS) has been transformed dramatically by humans over the last four centuries through land clearing, agricultural expansion and intensification, and urban sprawl. High-resolution geospatial data on long-term historical changes in land use and land cover (LULC) across the CONUS are essential for predictive understanding of natural–human interactions and land-based climate solutions for the United States. A few efforts have reconstructed historical changes in cropland and urban extent in the United States since the mid-19th century. However, the long-term trajectories of multiple LULC types with high spatial and temporal resolutions since the colonial era (early 17th century) in the United States are not available yet. By integrating multi-source data, such as high-resolution remote sensing image-based LULC data, model-based LULC products, and historical census data, we reconstructed the history of land use and land cover for the conterminous United States (HISLAND-US) at an annual timescale and 1 km × 1 km spatial resolution in the past 390 years (1630–2020). The results show widespread expansion of cropland and urban land associated with rapid loss of natural vegetation. Croplands are mainly converted from forest, shrub, and grassland, especially in the Great Plains and North Central regions. Forest planting and regeneration accelerated the forest recovery in the Northeast and Southeast since the 1920s. The geospatial and long-term historical LULC data from this study provide critical information for assessing the LULC impacts on regional climate, hydrology, and biogeochemical cycles as well as achieving sustainable use of land in the nation. The datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7055086 (Li et al., 2022).
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Maina, Daniel, Geoffrey Omuse, George Ong’ete, Patrick Mugaine, Shahin Sayed, Zahir Moloo, Reena Shah, Anthony Etyang, and Rodney Adam. "Seroprevalence, correlates and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody in healthcare workers and nonclinical staff at a tertiary hospital: A prevaccine census study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 27, 2022): e0267619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267619.
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Background Healthcare workers and nonclinical staff in medical facilities are perceived to be a high-risk group for acquiring SAR-CoV-2 infection, and more so in countries where COVID-19 vaccination uptake is low. Serosurveillance may best determine the true extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection since most infected HCWs and other staff may be asymptomatic or present with only mild symptoms. Over time, determining the true extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection could inform hospital management and staff whether the preventive measures instituted are effective and valuable in developing targeted solutions. Methods This was a census survey study conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, between November 2020 and February 2021 before the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG test was performed using a chemiluminescent assay. Results One thousand six hundred thirty-one (1631) staff enrolled, totalling 60% of the workforce. The overall crude seroprevalence was 18.4% and the adjusted value (for assay sensitivity of 86%) was 21.4% (95% CI; 19.2–23.7). The staff categories with higher prevalence included pharmacy (25.6%), outreach (24%), hospital- based nursing (22.2%) and catering staff (22.6%). Independent predictors of a positive IgG result after adjusting for age, sex and comorbidities included prior COVID-19 like symptoms, odds ratio (OR) 2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–3.0, p = 0.001], a prior positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result OR 12.0 (CI: 7.7–18.7, p<0.001) and working in a clinical COVID-19 designated area, OR 1.9 (CI 1.1–3.3, p = 0.021). The odds of testing positive for IgG after a positive PCR test were lowest if the antibody test was performed more than 2 months later; OR 0.7 (CI: 0.48–0.95, p = 0.025). Conclusions The prevalence of anti- SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG among HCWs and nonclinical staff was lower than in the general population. Staff working in clinical areas were not at increased risk when compared to staff working in non-clinical areas.
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Stafecka, Anna. "Latgalian surnames as a source of research in dialectology and language contact studies." Dialectologia et Geolinguistica 27, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dialect-2019-0003.
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Abstract This article is focused on the analysis of surnames used in the eastern part of Latvia, i.e., Latgale, the history of which to a certain extent differs from other regions of Latvia. This is due to almost 300 years (1629–1917) of isolation from the territory inhabited by other ethnic Latvians, during which this region was under Polish and later Russian rule. During this 300-year-long separation, Latgale developed its own culture, a written tradition based on the local Latvian dialect, etc. The introduction of surnames for the Latvians of Latgale also differed from other regions. As Latgale is a multi-ethnic region, the system of surnames used there reflects not only the peculiarities of the local sub-dialects in vocabulary and semantics, but also contacts with other languages – Lithuanian, Estonian, Polish, Russian, Belarusian. This article is based on research results acquired within the framework of the project “Latvian surnames in archival materials. Latgale” directed by the Latvian Language Agency. Its main objective was to systematise Latgalian surnames registered in the 1935 census. The research data were summarised in a book “Latvian surnames in archival materials. Latgale”, compiled by historian Ilmārs Mežs. This book comprises about 4000 Latvian surnames from Latgale. Each surname is provided with statistical information and a description of its historical place of origin (sometimes even a particular village). Whenever possible, one or several versions of the meaning of each surname are given.
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Bhattarai, Saraswoti Kumari Gautam, and M. Dahal. "Comprehensive Emergency Obstetrical and Neonatal Care (CEmONC) at Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital, Jumla." Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences 1, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkahs.v1i3.24151.
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Introduction: Providers skilled in emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) services are essential, particularly in countries like Nepal with a high burden of maternal and newborn mortality. So this study aims to find out the status of comprehensive emergency obstetrical and neonatal care (CEmONC) service.
Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data sources at maternity ward of KAHS teaching hospital, Jumla. Total 291 women admitted in maternity ward for childbirth were included in the study of six month period of 2075. Sampling technique was census for the study who were admitted for child birth purpose. Cases were selected from the record of the maternity ward. The data was collected by using structured tool. Ethical approval was taken from the ethical review committee of KAHS for ethical clearance. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics.
Result: There were 291 women admitted in the maternity ward for the purpose of childbirth during six-month period. Among them 224(76.97%) women delivered baby by spontaneous vaginal delivery; 61(20.96%) delivered with C/S and 6(2.06%) were delivered with instrumental delivery. Regarding the indication of 61 cesarean section (C/S) delivery; 22.95% with fetal distress, 16.39% with cephalopelvic disproportion and 11.47% with meconium stained liquor
Conclusions: About one third childbirth was done by cesarean section with indication of fetal distress, cephalo-pelvic disproportion and meconium stained liquor in higher proportion. Although CEONC service is effective, the rate of cesarean section can be reduced by providing good quality antenatal care.
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Mukasahaha, D., F. Uwinkindi, L. Grant, J. Downing, J. Turyahikayo, M. Leng, and M. A. Muhimpundu. "Assessment of Palliative Care Needs in Hospital Settings in Rwanda." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 111s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.78900.
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Background: Rwanda is among the first African countries with a palliative care (PC) policy and implementation plan. A partnership with the Ministry of Health (MoH) through the Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC) and the University of Edinburgh has supported an integrated approach including expanding the evidence base. Aim: To assessing the need for (PC) to inform policy, service delivery and training. Methods: A point prevalence PC needs assessment was conducted in nine public hospitals (referral, provincial and district). A records census identified those with life-limiting illness (LLI) who were then invited to participate by interview. The assessment tool included the APCA African POS, POS S, WHO performance status and demographic information. Results: 608 case notes were reviewed, 152 eligible and 124 completed assessment. 25% of all patients admitted had LLI, of which 99.2% had evidence of unmet need determined by at least one score on the APCA POS ≥ 3. Diagnoses 29% cancer, 29% cardiovascular disease, 16.9% end-stage organ failure and 13.7% HIV. Symptoms with greatest impact; nausea and vomiting (34.7%) and pain (32.3%). 63.7% with WHO performance status 4 or 5. 8.1% seen by existing PC services. Conclusion: Although the MoH and RBC are making bold steps toward developing PC in Rwanda, there remains a significant amount of unmet PC needs. Meeting this need requires recognition of the scope of PC needs beyond cancer, feedback to the hospitals and health care workers, thinking strategically how to further strengthen the health system and further capacity building and training.
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Mirsky, Matthew M., Ho Jun Lee, Seunghee P. Margevicius, Alex Carsel, Katherine Myers, Kevin Zablonski, Jeffrey Zhong, et al. "Treatment outcomes in locally advanced, unresectable NSCLC treated with concurrent chemoradiation and PD-L1 consolidation: Real-world data from a NCI comprehensive cancer center with a racially diverse, high poverty catchment area." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2024): 8067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.8067.
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8067 Background: The PACIFIC trial established concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) followed by consolidation durvalumab as standard of care for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study showed a progression free survival (PFS) of 16.9 mo and an overall survival (OS) of 47.5 mo. There is a paucity of real world data with PACIFIC, especially in diverse patient populations. We present real world outcomes of the PACIFIC regimen in a NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center (CCC) with a racially diverse, high poverty catchment area. Methods: Retrospective chart review identified patients treated with durvalumab for NSCLC after CCRT per PACIFIC. Demographic data included sex, race, age, stage, address, smoking status, immunotherapy adverse events (irAE). Poverty index was assessed using the SAIPE tool by percent of children in poverty at the school district level based off 2021 census and stratified to above and below 15.1%. Annual air particulate matter (PM) 2.5 was obtained at the zip code level from the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center. PFS was from date of first dose durvalumab; OS was from date of NSCLC diagnosis to death or last follow up. Results: 203 patients with unresectable NSCLC were included. Of these, 18.2% were of Black race compared to 2.0% in the PACIFIC trial. 42.4% of patients lived in high poverty areas, 44.3% were current smokers. Patients had a median annual PM 2.5 exposure of 7.9 ug/m3. 42.7% had PD-L1 expression >50%. The irAE rate was 27.6% (Table 1). Overall median PFS was 23 mo (95% CI 16.1-31.9) and 28.2 mo (95% CI 11.1-50.7) for patients of Black race. Overall median OS was 52.4 mo (95% CI 31.2-NR) and 52.4 mo (95% CI 18.2-NR) for Black patients. Conclusions: In this diverse cohort treated with the PACIFIC regimen at a NCI CCC, favorable real world PFS (23.0 vs. 16.9 mo), and OS (52.4 vs. 47.5 mo) were demonstrated. This cohort is more representative of the US patient population than that of a stringent clinical trial population with at least comparable results. This unexpected result may arise from institutional practices leading to equitable access to care and other biological characteristics of the population. Clinical trial enrollment representative of the broader population remains paramount for equitable care delivery. [Table: see text]
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Cyril Kanayochukwu, Ezeamaka. "Analysis of the Relationship between Public Schools Distribution and Population in Kaduna State, Nigeria." Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science 13, no. 2 (April 11, 2022): 240–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v13i2.4.
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The paper was aimed at examining the relationship between the distribution of public primary and secondary schools and the population in Kaduna State. The study used GPS Map 78 to ascertain the location of the schools through field observation. The student population was obtained from the headteacher while the population was obtained from the projected 2006 census figure. A multistage sampling method was adopted to select nine LGAs within the three senatorial zones of the state. Descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (v25), Spearman Rank Correlation, and Pearson Correlation was used for data analysis. The 1907 public schools (1634 public primary and 273 secondary schools) were found. The result revealed that the overall Location Quotient (LQ) value for all public schools (primary, junior and secondary schools) is 1.14 which represents a moderate concentration of public schools. The result showed that Kaduna South LGA has the least LQ (0.23) and is closely followed by Zaria LGA (0.56), while Kajuru LGA has the most concentration of schools with an LQ of 2.2. The result also revealed that LQ for Junior Secondary Schools (JSS) value varies from (1.9) in Kagarko LGA, having the highest concentration of JSS and to 0.5 in Jemaá LGA The Spearman Rank Correlation with the coefficient of 0.188 revealed a weak positive relationship between the provision of public schools and students’ population while Pearson Correlation established a negative relationship between the distribution of public schools and general population with the coefficient of -0.19. The study concluded that there is no relationship between the population and distribution of public schools in Kaduna State.
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Duckworth, Christopher, Rita Tojeiro, and Katarina Kraljic. "Decoupling the rotation of stars and gas – I. The relationship with morphology and halo spin." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 492, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 1869–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3575.
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ABSTRACT We use a combination of data from the MaNGA survey and MaNGA-like observations in IllustrisTNG100 to determine the prevalence of misalignment between the rotational axes of stars and gas. This census paper outlines the typical characteristics of misaligned galaxies in both observations and simulations to determine their fundamental relationship with morphology and angular momentum. We present a sample of ∼4500 galaxies from MaNGA with kinematic classifications which we use to demonstrate that the prevalence of misalignment is strongly dependent on morphology. The misaligned fraction sharply increases going to earlier morphologies (28 ± 3 per cent of 301 early-type galaxies, 10 ± 1 per cent of 677 lenticulars, and 5.4 ± 0.6 per cent of 1634 pure late-type galaxies). For early-types, aligned galaxies are less massive than the misaligned sample whereas this trend reverses for lenticulars and pure late-types. We also find that decoupling depends on group membership for early-types with centrals more likely to be decoupled than satellites. We demonstrate that misaligned galaxies have similar stellar angular momentum to galaxies without gas rotation, much lower than aligned galaxies. Misaligned galaxies also have a lower gas mass than the aligned, indicative that gas loss is a crucial step in decoupling star–gas rotation. Through comparison to a mock MaNGA sample, we find that the strong trends with morphology and angular momentum hold true in IllustrisTNG100. We demonstrate that the lowered angular momentum is, however, not a transient property and that the likelihood of star–gas misalignment at $z$ = 0 is correlated with the spin of the dark matter halo going back to $z$ = 1.
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Vázquez Bustos, Wilson Patricio, Pablo Xavier Sempértegui Cárdenas, and Ana Paulina Guamán Vásquez. "Prevalencia de embarazo en adolescentes y factores asociados en el Hospital Luis F. Martínez. Cañar 2017." Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de Cuenca 38, no. 03 (April 6, 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18537/rfcm.38.03.01.
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Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de embarazo en adolescentes y factores asociados en el Hospital Luis F. Martínez, de la provincia del Cañar, año 2017. Método y materiales: estudio transversal realizado en 200 adolescentes mujeres. Se utilizó el test del APGAR Familiar y el cuestionario del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos. Los datos se recolectaron en una encuesta y se tabularon en Epi Info 7. Se obtuvieron frecuencias, porcentajes, razón de prevalencia con su intervalo de confianza al 95% así como Chi cuadrado con su valor p. Resultados: el promedio de edad fue de 16.9 años; 52.5% fueron mestizas, 41% tuvieron instrucción secundaria incompleta, 51.5% se encontraron en unión libre y eran amas de casa. La prevalencia de embarazo en adolescentes fue del 18%. Los factores asociados a embarazo en la adolescencia fueron: vivienda distante al centro de salud (RP: 1.25, IC95% 1.06-1.14, p=0.004), consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (RP 1.24, IC95% 1.06-1.46, p=0.005), migración de uno de los padres (RP 1.28, IC95% 1.10-1.49, p=0.002), deserción escolar (RP 1.65, IC95% 1.34-2.03, p=0.000) y disfunción familiar (RP 1.66, IC95% 1.5-2.21, p=0.000). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de embarazo en adolescentes en esta localidad es alta y está asociado con edad >15 años, vivienda distante al centro de salud, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, migración de uno de los padres, deserción escolar y disfunción familiar.
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Rustin, G. J., E. S. Newlands, J. M. Lutz, L. Holden, K. D. Bagshawe, J. G. Hiscox, M. Foskett, S. Fuller, and D. Short. "Combination but not single-agent methotrexate chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic tumors increases the incidence of second tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 14, no. 10 (October 1996): 2769–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1996.14.10.2769.
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PURPOSE No increase in second tumor incidence was found in a previous analysis of women treated with chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic tumors (GTT). More patient years at risk enabled a further analysis of the risk of second tumors to be performed in the 1,377 women treated in this until up to 1990. PATIENTS AND METHODS Health questionnaires were returned on 93.3% of patients who successfully completed chemotherapy and were living in the United Kingdom. The remainder were flagged for death or developing further cancers by the Office of Population Census and Surveys and by the Thames Cancer Registry. Incidence density analysis was performed based on 15,279 person-years of observation available. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of second tumors associated with the treatment. To calculate the expected number, the actual incidence rates observed by the Thames Cancer Registry during the same calendar period of observation were used. RESULTS An overall 50% excess of risk (RR = 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 2.1; P < .011) was observed: there were 37 second tumors, when 24.5 were expected. For specific second tumors, the risk was significantly increased for myeloid leukemia (RR = 16.6; 95% CI, 5.4 to 38.9), colon (RR = 4.6; 95% CI, 1.5 to 10.7), and breast cancer when the survival exceeded 25 years (RR = 5.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 16.9). The risk was not significantly increased among the 554 women receiving single-agent therapy (RR = 1.3; 95% CI, 0.6 to 2.1). Leukemias only developed in patients receiving etoposide plus other cytotoxic drugs. CONCLUSION This study suggests that there is a slight increased risk of second tumors after sequential or combination chemotherapy for GTT. This has become apparent since the introduction of etoposide and longer follow-up.
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Roberts, Emmert, Eve Taylor, Sharon Cox, Leonie Brose, Ann McNeill, and Deborah Robson. "Pattern and prevalence of vaping nicotine and non-nicotine drugs in the United Kingdom: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 13, no. 4 (April 2023): e066826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066826.
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ObjectivesElectronic vaping devices are being used to consume nicotine and non-nicotine psychoactive drugs. We aimed to determine the pattern and prevalence of using vaping devices for nicotine and/or non-nicotine drug administration in the United Kingdom and how these differ by drug type and individual sociodemographic characteristics. We explored reasons for vaping onset and continuation.DesignAn online cross-sectional surveyParticipantsA convenience sample of adults (aged ≥18 years) in the UK.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was prevalence of current use (within the last 30 days) of a vaping device to administer either nicotine or 18 types of non-nicotine drugs. We additionally evaluated reasons for onset and continuation of vaping. Sociodemographic characteristics were compared between the UK general population using census data and those vaping non-nicotine drugs.ResultsWe recruited 4027 participants of whom 1637 (40.7%) had ever used an electronic vaping device; 1495 (37.1%) had ever vaped nicotine and 593 (14.7%) had ever vaped a non-nicotine drug. Overall, 574 (14.3%) currently vaped nicotine and 74 (1.8%) currently vaped a non-nicotine drug. The most common currently vaped non-nicotine drug was cannabis (n=58, 1.4%). For nicotine, people’s modal reasons to start and continue vaping was to quit smoking tobacco. For almost all other drugs, people’s modal reason to start vaping was curiosity and to continue was enjoyment. Compared with the general population, the population who had ever vaped a non-nicotine drug were significantly younger, had more disabilities and fewer identified as white, female, heterosexual or religious.ConclusionsA non-trivial number of people report current use and ever use of an electronic vaping device for non-nicotine drug administration. As vaping technology advances and drug consumption changes, understanding patterns of use and associated behaviours are likely to be increasingly important to both users and healthcare professionals.
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Almeida, Mario Eneide Leitão de, Elizabethe Cristina Fagundes de Souza, and Marcelo Gurgel Carlos da Silva. "Mortalidade por Câncer de Boca e Faringe em Natal/Rn no Período de 1981 a 1995." Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia 46, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2000v46n1.3404.
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Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, de tendência temporal, sobre a mortalidade por câncer de boca e faringe na população residente de Natal, durante o período de 1981 a 1995. Os dados foram coletados a partir da declaração de óbito (D.O) dos residentes em Natal, de 1981 a 1995, através do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade do Rio Grande do Norte, disponível em CD-ROM e dos dados da população de Natal, gerados a partir dos Censos Demográficos de 1980 e de 1991. Para a análise, os dados foram agrupados em triênios consecutivos, tomando-se como variáveis principais o sexo, a faixa etária e as localizações anatômicas. Os resultados mostraram que de 1981-83 para 1993-95 o risco de morrer em Natal declinou de 756,93 para 630,96 por 100.000 homens e de 528,01 para 417,00 por 100.000 mulheres; entretanto, quando avaliadas taxas para o câncer de boca e faringe, estas assumiram um perfil ascendente, passando de 2,60 para 6,66 em homens e de 1,55 para 2,08, em mulheres. A mortalidade proporcional (%) por neoplasias malignas, no último triênio (1993-95), foi de 12,4% no sexo masculino e 16,9% no feminino, assumindo um perfil ascendente durante o período estudado. Das neoplasias malignas de boca e faringe, a localização anatômica mais comum, em homens e mulheres, foi respectivamente, a orofaringe e outras partes da boca e das não especificadas, atingindo principalmente, a faixa etária de 65-69 anos de idade.
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Mendo-Vásquez, Luis M., and Franco E. León-Jiménez. "Frecuencia de prediabetes y factores de riesgo en pobladores de un distrito de La Libertad, Perú 2021." REVISTA MÉDICA VALLEJIANA/ Vallejian Medical Journal 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18050/revistamedicavallejiana.v11i2.07.
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Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de prediabetes y sus factores de riesgo en los pobladores del sector Los Laureles del distrito El Porvenir- La Libertad durante el año 2021. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal censal que incluyó a 50 personas mayores de 25 años durante los meses de julio-diciembre del 2021, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario estructurado, se les tomó la presión y se les solicitó una muestra de sangre para dosaje de glicemia en ayunas y perfil lipídico. Resultados: La prevalencia de prediabetes fue 20%, la de Diabetes 16,9% y la frecuencia de factores de riesgo asociados a Prediabetes fueron: familiar de primer grado con Diabetes: 26%, Sobrepeso 18%, Obesidad 10%, Hipercolesterolemia 30%, niveles de LDL aumentado 28%, niveles bajos de HDL 16% y hipertrigliceridemia 28% y 22% Hipertensión arterial. Conclusión: La prevalencia de prediabetes en este asentamiento humano fue similar a lo hallado en otras investigaciones. La frecuencia de antecedentes familiares de DM2, colesterol LDL elevado, obesidad, sobrepeso e hipertensión arterial, fue menor en comparación con otros estudios; la frecuencia de hipercolesterolemia y hipertrigliceridemia fue mayor a lo revisado en otras investigaciones. Finalmente, sólo se encontró similitud en la cifra de colesterol HDL disminuido con otros estudios.
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Klotz, A. D., E. Thattassery, and D. Graham. "The implementation of a rapid response team at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center: A preliminary report." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 6627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.6627.
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6627 Background: The implementation of a rapid response team (RRT) has become a popular patient safety initiative at many health care institutions during the past decade. To date, there are no studies evaluating the utilization or impact of a rapid response team in a population of cancer patients. We report on our experience implementing such a team at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Methods: A consecutive cohort of all consults performed by the RRT between July 1st and December 31th, 2006 had the following variables recorded: primary cancer diagnosis, reason for consult, RRT intervention. Outcomes measured were survival to discharge and 30 day survival. Hospital mortality and hospital codes were compared to historical data from 2005 and were adjusted for hospital census. Results: There were 195 consults requested between July 1st and December 31st, 2006. The majority of these patients were on the medical service (124 vs 66 on surgical service). The most common primary malignancies for which the RRT was called arose from the gastrointestinal tract (30.2%), thoracic cavity (12.8%), urologic tract (9.3%), and breast (7.6%). Most consults were requested for compromised respiratory function (n=76), cardiovascular (n=72, 34 hypotension, 23 tachycardia), and neurologic derangements (n=13). 33 patients (16.9%) required transfer to an alternate level of care such as telemetry or the intensive care unit. 121 patients (65%) seen by the RRT survived to discharge however 92 (47%) died within 30 days of an RRT consult. Hospital codes decreased 21% (55 vs 70, p<0.10) and hospital mortality decreased 22% (3.43 deaths per 1,000 discharges vs 4.43 deaths per 1,000 discharges) following implementation of the RRT although these results did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusions: The Rapid Response Team at MSKCC assists in the acute management of hospitalized cancer patients. Many of these patients are critically-ill and are near the end of their oncologic course. Further studies are necessary to better characterize the impact of this resource and determine how it can be utilized most effectively. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Ruiz, Marina, and Natalia Pérez. "FC20: Prevalence, Incidence, and Clinical Features of Lewy Body Dementia in the South Eastern of Spain." International Psychogeriatrics 35, S1 (December 2023): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610223001187.
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Background:Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the second most common degenerative dementia in people over 65 (1,2). LBD is underdiagnosed, with only one third of patients correctly diagnosed in daily clinical practice (3); data on the distribution of the disease are scarce. Our study was designed to measure the incidence, prevalence and clinical characteristics of LBD in south-eastern Spain. Healthcare system in Spain is free and universal.Methods:Prospective epidemiological study of LBD in San Vicente del Raspeig between October 18, 2021, and October 17, 2022. The total population aged 60 or over based on the 2019 census was 11445 inhabitants (5227 males, 6218 females). Diagnosis of LBD was based on 2017 McKeith criteria. Only “probable” cases were registered for greater diagnostic certainty. Incidence was studied for the one-year period. Collected data included gender, age, cardinal symptoms for LBD, abnormal biomarkers, neuropsychiatric symptoms, medical treatment, years from diagnosis and GDS score (Reisberg) in the last visit. Protocol was approved by the ethical committee.Results:Global prevalence was 0.67% among the population over 60. Annual incidence was 3.2/1000 person-year.Mean age of prevalent cases was 78 years (SD 7.5). 68.8% were studied with at least one biomarker (mainly 123I-ioflupane and less frequent polysomnography or MIBG gammagraphy); most suffered 2 or 3 core symptoms (79.2%) (in descending order: parkinsonism, visual hallucinations, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and fluctuations). Two out of five prevalent cases were in an early phase of the disease: 22.1% in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 16.9 % in mild dementia. Mean me of disease was 1.9 years (SD 2.2). Other neuropsychiatric symptoms appeared in up to 74% of patients (apathy 18,2%, anxiety 19,5%, depression 23,4%, minor hallucinations 22%, delusions 17%, auditory and tactile hallucinations 1,2%).Conclusions:Prevalence is in line with previous reports. Higher incidence than previously reported may be due to high attention on MCI-LBD and our expertise as a referral Memory Unit. We found a wide dominance of aged women and high prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Xavier, Mariana Otero, Bianca Del-Ponte, and Iná S. Santos. "Epidemiology of smoking in the rural area of a medium-sized city in Southern Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 52 (September 6, 2018): 10s. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000269.
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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of smoking and associated factors among rural residents. METHODS: This is a population-based, cross-sectional study of 1,519 individuals carried out in 2016. We randomly selected 24 of the 50 census tracts that make up the eight rural districts of the city of Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. All individuals aged 18 years or more living in the randomly selected households were eligible. Smokers were all those who smoked ≥ 1 cigarette/day for at least one month or declared that they had stopped smoking for less than one month. The independent variables included socioeconomic, demographic, behavioral, and health characteristics. We investigated age of onset, duration of addiction, number of cigarettes smoked/day, pack-years, and types of cigarettes consumed. Poisson regression was performed to calculate the adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking was 16.6% (95%CI 13.6–20.0), and it was twice as high in men in relation to women (PR = 1.99, 95%CI 1.44–2.74), in socioeconomic class D or E in relation to class A or B (PR = 2.23, 95%CI 1.37–3.62), and in those who considered their health poor or very poor in relation those with good or very good health (PR = 2.02, 95%CI 1.33–3.08). It was also higher in persons aged 30–59 years (compared to those aged < 30 years), with 5–8 years of education level (compared to those with ≥ 9 years), and with positive screening for alcohol-related disorder. Prevalence was lower among individuals who were overweight or obese than in those with normal weight. Smoking began on average at 16.9 years, with an average consumption of approximately 14 cigarettes/day and mean pack-years of 22 packs/year. The paper hand-rolled cigarette was the most consumed (57.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one in six adults in rural Pelotas is a current smoker. The findings show the existence of social inequalities related to smoking addiction. Actions to prevent and control smoking should continue to be stimulated, especially in the most vulnerable subgroups.
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Eom, Kirsten Yuna, and Amy J. Davidoff. "Assessing survival effects of persistent poverty and payer status in non-elderly adults with lung or breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2024): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.1608.
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1608 Background: Persistent poverty (PP), defined as area poverty ≥20% over 30 years has been associated with increased cancer incidence and worse survival. We examined 1) whether residing in a PP area has larger survival effects than areas with similar contemporary poverty rates; 2) whether adjusting for sociodemographics and payer status reduces PP effects; and 3) whether effects differ for relatively poor (lung and bronchus, LCa) vs good prognosis (female breast; BrCa) cancers. Methods: We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data linked to Medicaid and Medicare enrollment records (2007-2013), with census-tract level indicators for PP and current poverty (CP) as of 2010. We selected adults aged 19-64, diagnosed with LCa or BrCa. We created a hierarchical poverty status measure (PP, CP>20%, CP 10-20%, CP <10%). Primary payer at diagnosis (SEER) was edited using Medicaid and Medicare enrollment records. Covariates include patient sociodemographics (including age, race, sex (LCa only), marital status), rurality, and region. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate effects of poverty status and payer on survival, starting with a limited Model I (poverty status, rurality, and cancer stage), adding sociodemographics, region, and diagnosis year (Model II), plus primary payer (Model III). Results: Among LCa (BrCa) 8.8% (5.3%) of 70,964 (246,405) patients lived in PP areas, with 19.1% (13.7%) in areas with CP >20%; primary payers included 51.9% (75.0%) private, 28.7% (16.9%) Medicaid, and 3.1% (1.1%) uninsured. For both cancers, adjusted hazard of death increased with increasing poverty levels; PP areas showed the highest risk (table). The magnitude of the poverty gradient was smaller for LCa vs BrCa. Adjusting for sociodemographic measures and primary payer reduced the magnitude of poverty status effects, particularly for BrCa. Conclusions: We observed significant but distinct associations of poverty status, including PP, with survival for non-elderly adults with LCa and BrCa. With better prognosis, BrCa patients have longer exposure to PP, which may increase the impact on outcomes. Person-level characteristics and health insurance are also key factors affecting care access and survival. These results highlight the need to consider both area context and personal socioeconomic characteristics when targeting and evaluating interventions to enhance survival outcomes. [Table: see text]
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Vlačić, Aleksandra, Aleksandra Nikolić, and Sandra Šipetić-Grujičić. "Kidney, liver and heart donation and transplantation in the Republic of Serbia for the period 2010-2016." Zdravstvena zastita 50, no. 1 (2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zdravzast50-30795.
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Introduction/aim: It is estimated that in 2017, 139,024 solid organ transplants (kidney, liver, heart, lungs, pancreas, small intestine) were performed, which is only 10% of global needs. The aim of this descriptive study was to analyze the frequency of donation and transplantation of solid organs (kidney, liver and heart) in Republic of Serbia for the period 2010-2016. Methods: Data on the number of donors and the number of transplanted organs in Serbia, for the period 2010-2016, were obtained from the Annual reports of the Ministry of Health Republic of Serbia -Directorate of Biomedicine. Data on the population of Serbia were taken from the 2011 census. Proportions and rates were used in the analysis of the obtained data. Results: In Republic of Serbia, average donation rate, for the period 2010-2016, was 3.7 pmp. During the last seven years, among all performed transplants from deceased donors, the largest percentage were transplants of kidneys (78.3%), followed by liver (16.9%) and heart (4.8%). In transplant centers in Serbia, for the period 2010-2016, 537 kidney transplants were performed, 328 from deceased and 209 from living donors. The average rate of kidney transplants for the seven-year period was 10.6 pmp, or 4.1 pmp for living donors and 6.5 pmp for deceased donors. In the same period, 71 liver transplants and 20 heart transplants from deceased donors were performed, and the average transplant rates were 1.4 pmp and 0.4 pmp. Conclusion: In the observed period, the lowest rates of kidney transplantation from living and deceased donors, as well as liver and heart from deceased donors, were recorded in Serbia, in relation to all other European countries. The field of organ transplantation in Serbia is legally regulated by the Law on Human Organ Transplantation. Conditions for achieving quality standards and safety of human organs for transplantation have been determined by this law, as well as working conditions and ways of organizing the health system to ensure optimal organ transplantation and provision, high level of protection of human health, as well as respect priority interests for the preservation of life and health and protection of basic human rights and dignity of organ donors and recipients. Special emphasis should be placed on educating the population and health care workers about the importance of organ donation.
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Gonzalez, Richard P., Glenn R. Cummings, Herbert A. Phelan, Madhuri S. Mulekar, and Charles B. Rodning. "On-Scene Intravenous Line Insertion Adversely Impacts Prehospital Time in Rural Vehicular Trauma." American Surgeon 74, no. 11 (November 2008): 1083–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480807401109.
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Fatality rates from rural vehicular trauma are almost double those found in urban settings. Increased emergency medical services (EMS) prehospital time has been implicated as one of the causative factors for higher rural fatality rates. Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines suggest scene time should not be extended to insert an intravenous catheter (IV). The purpose of this study was to assess the association between intravenous line placement and motor vehicle crash (MVC) scene time in rural and urban settings. An imputational methodology using the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System permitted linkage of data from police motor vehicle crash and EMS records. Intergraph GeoMedia software permitted this linked data to be plotted on digital maps for segregation into rural and urban groups. MVCs were defined as rural or urban by location of the accident using the U.S. Bureau of Census Criteria. Linked data were analyzed to assess for EMS time on-scene, on-scene IV insertion, on-scene IV insertion attempts, and patient mortality. Over a 2-year period from January 2001 through December 2002, data were collected from Alabama EMS patient care reports (PCRs) and police crash reports. A total of 45,763 police crash reports were linked to EMS PCRs. Of these linked crash records, 34,341 (75%) and 11,422 (25%) were injured in rural and urban settings, respectively. Six hundred eleven (1.78%) mortalities occurred in rural settings and 103 (0.90%) in urban settings (P < 0.005). There were 6,273 (18.3%) on-scene IV insertions in the rural setting and 1,290 (11.3%) in the urban setting (P < 0.005). Mean EMS time on-scene when single IV insertion attempts occurred was 16.9 minutes in the rural setting and 14.5 minutes in the urban setting (P < 0.0001). When two attempts of on-scene IV insertion were made, mean EMS time on-scene in the rural setting (n = 891 [2.6%]) was 18.4 minutes and 15.7 minutes in the urban setting (n = 142 [1.2%; P < 0.005). Excluding dead on-scene patients, mean EMS time on-scene when mortalities occurred in rural and urban settings was 18.9 minutes and 10.8 minutes, respectively (P < 0.005). On-scene IV insertion occurred with significantly greater frequency in rural than urban settings. This incurs greater EMS time on-scene and prehospital time that may be associated with increased vehicular fatality rates in rural settings.
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Shevach, Jeffrey, Julie Ann Lynch, Danielle Candelieri-Surette, Rebecca A. Hubbard, Patrick Alba, Karen Glanz, Ravi Bharat Parikh, and Kara Noelle Maxwell. "Racial disparities in germline testing among men with pancreas, breast and metastatic prostate cancers in two health systems." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): 10549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.10549.
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10549 Background: Germline genetic testing is a guideline-based practice for men with pancreas, breast and metastatic prostate cancers. Emerging evidence in female breast and ovarian cancers suggests that Black patients are less likely to receive germline genetic testing, but it is unclear how disparities extend to male cancers and vary by health system. We examined differences by race in germline genetic testing for men with pancreas, breast and metastatic prostate cancers in equal-access and non-equal access systems. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of men with newly diagnosed pancreas, breast and metastatic prostate cancers between January 1, 2019, and September 30, 2021. We studied two national cohorts: 1) Veterans receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), an equal-access health system, and 2) commercially insured beneficiaries. Data consisted of claims and electronic health record data from the VHA Corporate Data Warehouse and claims data from Optum’s De-Identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database (2007-2021). Current Procedural Terminology codes ± laboratory orders and results, and genetic services notes were used to ascertain germline testing prior to the end of the study period. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the association of non-Hispanic White vs. Black race with the primary outcome of germline genetic testing completion, adjusted for baseline covariates (age, cancer subtype, census region, diagnosis year, Elixhauser comorbidity index and Agent Orange exposure [VHA only]). Results: Our cohort consisted of 7,894 men (5,142 commercially-insured; 2,752 Veterans), including 1,589 Black men (779 [15.1%] commercially-insured; 810 [24.9%] Veterans). Among commercially-insured beneficiaries, one-year germline genetic testing rates were higher in White compared with Black men (18.8% vs. 13.1%; log-rank p < 0.001). Among Veterans, one-year germline genetic testing rates were similar for White and Black Veterans (13.1% vs. 16.9%; log-rank p = 0.335). After adjusting for baseline covariates, Black race was associated with a lower hazard of testing among commercially-insured beneficiaries (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58 – 0.90; p = 0.004), but not among Veterans (aHR 0.99; 95% CI: 0.79 – 1.25; p = 0.960). Conclusions: This is the first study to examine disparities in germline genetic testing across equal-access and non-equal access healthcare systems, and the largest national study examining germline genetic testing completion in men. While overall rates of testing were similar between Veterans and commercially-insured beneficiaries, racial disparities in testing were observed in non-equal-access settings but not in equal-access settings. Access to care, cost, and other sequelae of structural racism may impact access to guideline-based germline testing.
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Swearingen, Alyssa, Mary Gao, Pearl Ugwu-Dike, Avani Kolla Patel, Jenne P. Ingrassia, Suzanne Vang, Prince Adotama, Jennifer A. Stein, Soutrik Mandal, and David Polsky. "Disparities in the initial presentation of melanoma across two socioeconomically diverse New York City neighborhoods." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2024): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.1593.
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1593 Background: Disparities in stage at diagnosis among melanoma patients are often seen between urban and rural communities, with patients in rural areas being diagnosed with more advanced tumors. Factors contributing to the disparities include decreased access to dermatologists in rural areas, and lower socioeconomic status (SES). We investigated urban disparities in melanoma T stage at diagnosis among patients residing in 2 New York City (NYC) neighborhoods of differing SES and receiving care within the NYU Langone Health System. The neighborhoods were: Upper East Side (UES) and Brighton Beach/Coney Island (BB/CI). Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review (NYU IRB 23-01020) of melanoma patients (N=243) diagnosed from 2018-2022 using ICD-10-CM codes: C43 (malignant melanoma of skin); D03 (melanoma in situ); and Z85.820 (personal history of malignant melanoma of skin). For community-level data we used the American Academy of Dermatology’s “Find a Dermatologist” search function to locate member-dermatologists; New York State Cancer Registry data (2016-2020) to determine annual melanoma incidence; and the United States Census Bureau Public Use Microdata Areas to determine the proportion of Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), income levels, and educational attainment. The distribution of T stages was compared using a chi-square test. A two-sample test was used to assess equality of proportions. Results: In UES, the annual melanoma incidence was 30.2/100,000 (95% CI: 27.4-33.2); NHW comprised 74.6% of the population; the median household income was $135,820; 78% attained education higher than high school; and there are 190 dermatologists within a 0.5-mile radius. In BB/CI the annual melanoma incidence was 14/100,000 (95% CI: 11.6-16.9); NHW comprised 55.1% of the population; the median household income was $43,118; 46% attained education higher than high school; and there is 1 dermatologist within a 0.5-mile radius. There are 15 dermatologists within a 3.0-mile radius. 155 and 88 patients met inclusion criteria in UES and BB/CI respectively. The distribution of T stages (i.e. Tis to T4) was significantly different between UES and BB/CI with higher proportions of advanced stage tumors in BB/CI (p=0.0002). Specifically, the proportion of (T2+T3+T4) tumors/total melanomas was 35/155 (23%) in UES; and 41/88(47%) in BB/CI (p<0.0001). For reference, the proportion of T2+T3+T4 melanomas in the United States is 30%. Conclusions: We identified substantial disparities in the initial presentation of melanoma in 2 NYC neighborhoods, with proportionately more advanced stage tumors in the community of low educational attainment, less access to dermatologic services, and lesser household income. Neighborhood-based approaches to uncover melanoma disparities can identify areas for community outreach and engagement efforts to improve melanoma awareness and access to dermatologic care.
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Taylor, Melissa, Sarah J. Westvold, Jessica B. Long, Terry Hyslop, Shi-Yi Wang, Michael Cecchini, Michael Leapman, et al. "Personalized risk assessment of new onset depression in long-term cancer survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2024): e13798-e13798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e13798.
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e13798 Background: Advances in cancer detection and treatment have improved long-term survival. It is critical to understand the impact that experiencing cancer has on psychological health, given that the prevalence of depression in long-term survivors is higher than in the general population. Our aim was to develop a risk prediction model to identify long-term (5-year) survivors at high risk of developing depression. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of the SEER-Medicare database beneficiaries with localized breast, prostate, colon, or rectal cancer diagnosed between 2003-2011 who had survived at least 5 years since diagnosis. We required Part D coverage in the breast cohort to account for adjuvant endocrine therapy. Our primary outcome was the cumulative incidence of depression between 5-10 years after diagnosis, which was defined using a claims-based algorithm as a single or recurrent episode of major depressive disorder, recent episode of bipolar I disorder, or dysthymic disorder. For each cancer site, we constructed restricted mean survival time models, a non-parametric method that yields time ratios; a time ratio (TR) < 1 indicates shorter mean time to event (TTE). Results: Our cohort consisted of 80,579 survivors. The cumulative incidence of depression occurring between 5-10 years after diagnosis was 16.9% for breast cancer, 7.8% for prostate cancer, 10.6% for colon cancer, and 8.6% for rectal cancer. The cumulative incidence of new onset depression increased over time and was 7.2% vs. 13.9% among survivors diagnosed before and after 2008, respectively. Compared with patients age < 70 at diagnosis, patients aged 75 and older exhibited 5-10% shorter mean TTE across breast, prostate, and colon cancer. There was no association between Non-Hispanic (NH) Black race or Hispanic ethnicity and depression compared with NH White survivors. Asian survivors were at lower risk of developing depression. Disease specific factors, including stage, grade, hormone receptor status (breast), or PSA (prostate), did not predict depression in long-term survivors. Receipt of treatment in the 3-5 years after initial diagnosis was associated with moderately greater risk for all survivors, with the shortest mean TTE among breast cancer survivors (TR=0.91, 95% CI=0.85-0.97). Across all cohorts, the greatest predictor of depression was a prior history of depression. The incidence of depression in long-term survivors was 42% in patients with a prior history of depression vs. 8% among survivors without a prior history of depression. Conclusions: Diagnoses of depression increased in cancer patients since 2008 and were associated with prior history of depression, advanced age, census tract poverty, and continued treatment 3 years after diagnosis. Treatment type and disease specific factors were not strong predictors of depression.
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Kim, Yeonju, Macy L. Stockdill, Elizabeth Vera, Hope Miller, Jacqueline B. Vo, Mark R. Gilbert, Terri S. Armstrong, and Orieta Celiku. "Abstract 1309: Assessment of geographic and socioeconomic factors in primary brain tumor patient accrual to a natural history study." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-1309.
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Abstract Purpose: To better understand neuro-oncology trial access barriers in the United States (US), we assessed the role of geography, population density, and socioeconomic factors in the accrual of adult primary brain tumor patients in the Natural History Study (NHS, NCT02851706) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Methods: Participant addresses were linked to zip code geography and population data from the US Census and the Neighborhood Atlas Area Deprivation Index (ADI; 1 to 100 from least to most disadvantaged). Locations with population density greater than 1000 inhabitants per square mile were considered urban. Locations were categorized based on their distance from NIH as local (<50 mi), short-distance (50-200mi) and long-distance (>200 mi). T-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression compared socioeconomic and urbanity factors. Results: 667 NHS participants arrived from 43 states and territories, with the majority (61%) from Maryland and neighboring states, and other states contributing no more than 5% of the participants each. The home locations of the participants were disproportionately urban (60% versus 19% of all US locations, p <0.001) and socioeconomically advantaged (mean ADI 26.94 versus 57.30 across all US locations, p<0.001). Local participants (49%) had greater racial and ethnic diversity (73% White, 11% Black, 9% Asian, 2% other; 11% Hispanic/Latino) compared to short-distance participants (11% total; 96% White, 3% Black, 0% other; 0% Hispanic/Latino) and long-distance participants (39% total; 89% White, 3% Black, 3% Asian, 2% Other; 6% Hispanic/Latino). Local participants lived in the most socioeconomically advantaged locations (mean ADI 16.39) compared to short-distance (mean ADI 40.88, p<0.001) and long-distance (mean ADI 39.69, p<0.001) participants. Short-distance participants were from disproportionally non-urban areas (69%) compared to local (28%, p<0.001) and long-distance (46%, p<0.001) participants. Multivariate analysis also confirmed that local participants were more likely to live in more advantaged areas than short-distance (OR=0.90, p<0.001) and long-distance (OR=0.93, p<0.001) participants, and short-distance participants were less likely to live in urban areas compared to local (OR=0.19, p<0.001) and long-distance (OR=0.44, p=0.008) participants. Conclusion: The trial enrolled patients across the US, albeit with most participants arriving from neighboring states and socioeconomically advantaged, urban areas. Greater rural patient participation from nearby areas reflects the positive impact of NIH subsidies in reducing the financial challenges linked to participating in clinical trials. Current trends indicate that continued and targeted efforts to enable participation from local disadvantaged communities can ameliorate access to neuro-oncology clinical care and research. Citation Format: Yeonju Kim, Macy L. Stockdill, Elizabeth Vera, Hope Miller, Jacqueline B. Vo, Mark R. Gilbert, Terri S. Armstrong, Orieta Celiku. Assessment of geographic and socioeconomic factors in primary brain tumor patient accrual to a natural history study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1309.
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Babu, B., E. Newberry, H. Dankers, L. Ritchie, J. Aldrich, G. Knox, and M. Paret. "First Report of Xanthomonas axonopodis Causing Bacterial Leaf Spot on Crape Myrtle." Plant Disease 98, no. 6 (June 2014): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-13-1082-pdn.
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Crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia sp.) is a popular ornamental tree in the United States and the industry produced 2,781,089 trees in 2010 with a value exceeding US $42.8 million (1,4). A new disorder of crape myrtle has been observed since 2011 in numerous nurseries in Florida, which was characterized by dark brown, angular to irregularly shaped, oily-looking spots surrounded by yellow halos. The disease primarily affects lower leaves that eventually turn yellow and can lead to rapid defoliation of susceptible cultivars. Plants examined in field surveys at the University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center, Quincy, FL in 2012 and 2013 also had similar symptoms on cvs. Arapaho, Carolina Beauty, Tuscarora, Whit IV Red Rocket, Whit VIII Rhapsody in Pink, and White Chocolate. The disease severity ranged from 20 to 70% and all the plants were infected. A yellow-pigmented, gram-negative, oxidase negative bacterium was consistently isolated from symptomatic leaves (two leaves from each of five plants). Pathogenicity tests were performed using five isolated bacterial strains on potted crape myrtle cv. Arapaho. Three plants were inoculated with a 108 CFU/ml suspension of bacterial strains in sterile deionized water, and covered with transparent plastic bag for 48 h. Two control plants were inoculated with sterile distilled water. The inoculated plants were then incubated in a greenhouse at 30 to 34°C for 14 days. Symptoms of dark brown, angular to irregularly shaped lesions were observed only on the inoculated plants after 7 days. The bacterium was re-isolated from the inoculated symptomatic plants as described above, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. Fatty acid methyl ester profiling of the five isolated bacteria using GC-MIDI (Microbial IDentification Inc, Newark, DE) revealed the identity of the bacterium as Xanthomonas axonopodis with an identity index of ~0.80, but matched multiple pathovars. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the pure bacterial culture using UltraClean Microbial DNA Isolation Kit (MO BIO Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA). The genomic DNA was subjected to PCR assay using universal primers 27f/1492R (3) targeting the complete 16S rRNA gene and primers 16F945/23R458 (2), which target the partial 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer region. PCR amplification using primer pairs 27f/1492R and 16F945/23R458 resulted in amplicons of 1,450 and 1,500 bp, respectively. The amplicons were gel purified and sequenced directly at Florida State University. BLAST analysis of the sequences (Accession Nos. KF926678, KF926679, KF926680, KF926681, and KF926682) revealed the identity of the bacterium as X. axonopodis, ranging from 98 to 99%, with several strains in the NCBI database. Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method showed that our strains were distantly clustered with X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae when compared to other available strains in the database. To our knowledge, this is the first worldwide report of a bacterial leaf spot on crape myrtle caused by X. axonopodis. This information should aid in the development of breeding lines with resistance to bacterial leaf spot and effective disease management practices. References: (1) C. S. Furtado. Garden Bull. 24:185, 1969. (2) C. Guasp. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50:1629, 2000. (3) D. J. Lane. Page 115 in: Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics, 1991. (4) USDA. 2007 Census of Agriculture, Washington, DC. 3:25, 2010.
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Mehta, B., Y. Yuan, D. Pearce-Fisher, K. Ho, S. Goodman, M. Parks, F. Wang, et al. "POS1380 PLACE NOT RACE: COMMUNITY-LEVEL SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH MAY BE MORE IMPORTANT THAN PATIENT RACE IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY OUTCOMES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1042.1–1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.3825.
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BackgroundWith total hip arthroplasty (THA) utilization rising rapidly,[1]it is important to understand social determinants of health (SDOH) that contribute to disparities in THA outcomes.ObjectivesWe sought to explore the relationship of multiple community-level SDOH with 90-day readmission, 90-day mortality, 1-year revision post-THA, and length of stay (LOS) using prediction modelling.MethodsOur retrospective study using the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council Database included 105,336 patients undergoing THA 2012-2018. Community-level variables include walkability index; median household income; and percent unpaid family workers, without health insurance and not in the labor force, above high school, above college, foreign-born, speaking languages other than English, with computer access, and with internet access. They were extracted from US census via geocoding. We trained explainable boosting machine using Generalized additive models to predict readmission, mortality, LOS, and revision. Resulting mean absolute scores (MAS) were aggregated to measure collective importance of the above “community-factors.”ResultsPredictive performance was best for mortality (AUROC=0.76); it was moderate for readmission (AUROC=0.66), revision (AUROC=0.58), and LOS (RMSE=0.41, R2=0.2). Community factors relatively contributed more to adverse outcomes than race in all models. The top 3 predictors of readmission were discharge location, age, and comorbidities (MAS =0.24, 0.15, 0.13, respectively). The top 3 predictors of mortality were community factors, discharge location, and age (MAS=0.31, 0.24, 0.19, respectively). The top 3 predictors of revision were community factors, discharge location, and comorbidities (MAS=0.03, 0.01, 0.005, respectively). Lastly, the top 3 predictors for LOS were discharge location, community factors, and comorbidities.ConclusionIn all THA outcome models, aggregated community factors were more important than individual race in predicting 90-day readmission, 90-day mortality, 1-year revision, and length of stay.Reference[1]Wolford ML, Palso K, Bercovitz A. Hospitalization for total hip replacement among inpatients aged 45 and over: United States, 2000-2010.NCHS Data Brief. 2015;(186):1-8.“Community” is the aggregate importance score for % householder living alone, % foreign born, % speaking language other than English, % with computer access, % with internet access, national walkability index, % not in labor force without insurance, % above high school, % above college, % with unpaid family workers, and median household income, extracted from American Community Survey or calculated by the National Walkability Index software from patient zip code.Table 1.Patient-level characteristics by outcomeOutcome90-day readmission90-day mortalityRevisionNoN = 96914YesN = 8422pNoN = 105027YesN=309pNoN = 103719YesN = 1617pAge65.0 [58.0; 73.0]69.0 [60.0; 77.0]****65.0 [58.0; 73.0]77.0 [67.0; 84.0]****65.0 [58.0; 73.0]65.0 [58.0;74.0]NSSex******Female52330 (54.0%)4647 (55.2%)56826 (54.1%)151 (48.9%)56046 (54.0%)931 (57.6%)Male44584 (46.0%)3775 (44.8%)48201 (45.9%)158 (51.1%)47673 (46.0%)686 (42.4%)Race****NSNSBlack6262 (6.47%)692 (8.22%)6936 (6.60%)18 (5.83%)6835 (6.59%)119 (7.36%)Other2956 (3.05%)186 (2.21%)3135 (2.98%)7 (2.27%)3108 (3.00%)34 (2.10%)White87619 (90.5%)7539 (89.5%)94874 (90.4%)284 (91.9%)93695 (90.4%)1463 (90.5%)Missing775820811Length of stay2.00 [1.00; 3.00]3.00 [2.00; 3.00]****2.00 [1.00; 3.00]3.00 [2.00; 4.00]****2.00 [1.00;3.00]2.00 [2.00;3.00]****Elixhauser comorbidity index************>54797 (4.95%)1078 (12.8%)5792 (5.51%)83 (26.9%)5751 (5.54%)124 (7.67%)016952 (17.5%)714 (8.48%)17647 (16.8%)19 (6.15%)17488 (16.9%)178 (11.0%)1-475165 (77.6%)6630 (78.7%)81588 (77.7%)207 (67.0%)80480 (77.6%)1315 (81.3%)Categorical variables N(%), continuous variables median[IQR].**** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.01; ** p < 0.05; * p < 0.1; NS = nonsignificantAcknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsBella Mehta Consultant of: Novartis education content development, Yi Yuan: None declared, Diyu Pearce-Fisher: None declared, Kaylee Ho: None declared, Susan Goodman Consultant of: Paid consultant for UCB., Grant/research support from: Research support from Novartis., Michael Parks: None declared, Fei Wang: None declared, Mark Fontana: None declared, Said Ibrahim: None declared, Peter Cram: None declared, Rich Caruna: None declared.
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Nikitovic, Vladimir. "Long-term effects of low fertility in the region of former Yugoslavia." Stanovnistvo 54, no. 2 (2016): 27–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv161115009n.
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After the dissolution of the socialist Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1991, the quality and availability of demographic and migration statistics in the region as a whole, and especially in some of its parts are deteriorated. In addition, census rounds are not being held regularly throughout the region as of 1991. Thus, producing population projections has become rather challenging in comparison to the period of SFRY. This paper made an effort in order to overcome obstacles in terms of historic data and jump-off projection values for the whole region in accordance with adjusted data from national records. Until 1991, population of the region had been increasing almost linearly. Although SFRY was characterized by significant sub-regional differences in terms of the beginning and the pace of demographic transition, the current total fertility rate throughout the region is below 2.1. The aim of the paper is to consider the long-term implications of low fertility and whether in this respect there would be a demographic homogenization of the region. For that purpose, we relied on the UN WPP2015 model used by the UN Population Division for producing its 2015 World Population Prospects. It enabled several important features from the viewpoint of the main tasks of the paper: the methodologically consistent datasets on main demographic indicators, probabilistic approach for modelling and forecasting fertility and mortality, the opportunity to adjust initial datasets for known issues on data quality (Serbia, Kosovo, Bosnia & Herzeg.), and ability to adjust data distribution according to the former administrative division of SFRY. The last one was of particular importance as it allowed us to take into account the well-known diversity of fertility patterns in Serbia (Vojvodina, Central Serbia and Kosovo), and to make a distinction in projection results between the sub-regions differed by the onset and tempo of fertility transition. The UN concept of post-transition recovery of total fertility rate is lying behind the hypotheses of future TFR. According to the model, Slovenia and Vojvodina has been already entered the post-transitional phase. Central Serbia and Macedonia are first to join them (as of 2020), followed by Croatia and Bosnia & Herzeg. (2025), and Montenegro (2030). However, the fertility transition in Kosovo could last until 2070. The greatest chance (median distribution of the simulated trajectories) is that TFR in the SFRY region will converge to the levels projected for Southern Europe (1.8) in 2100, except in Slovenia (1.89). Hypotheses on migration in deterministic manner were based on the ?migration cycle model? introduced by Fassmann and Reeger (2012), which assume that all of Europe will eventually experience the transition to net immigration. Since the strategic objectives of all governments in the region are consistent when it comes to joining the EU, it is taken as a pivotal condition for a hypothesis on the migration transition. The symbolic turning point in the transition process in the region (2035) implies that the whole region will become the part of the EU by then. Kosovo is assumed to be the only territory not able to achieve the net immigration during The greatest chances (median of the distribution) are that the population in the region of SFRY will be reduced by 16.9% between 2015 and 2055, which puts this region among the ones that are going to experience the strongest decrease (over 15%) in global terms - mainly countries of the former Eastern bloc and Japan. According to the median of prediction intervals, a sharp decline is expected in Vojvodina (31.7%), Cent. Serbia (27.2 %), Bosnia & Herzeg. (22.0%), and Croatia (18.9%), which is similar to the countries that were expected to experience the greatest population decrease in the world by 2050 - Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, and Moldova. The region reversal to the historic population maximum of 1990 seems to be not possible even in conditions of the above replacement fertility. A zone of depopulation emerged along the eastern rim of the EU, which, according to the UN model, is the most prominent depopulation zone in global terms. Prediction intervals indicate that by the mid-century, with the exception of Kosovo, only Slovenia has some chances (35%) to maintain the current population size. However, to return to its maximum population by 2100 some chance has only Slovenia (almost 30%), and only minimal Montenegro (8%), and Kosovo (5%). Old-age dependency ratio in the SFRY region is likely to double by the mid-century, while the prediction intervals suggest that even a return to the current unfavourable level is outside of the range of possible outcomes throughout the region. It is the most important long-term demographic implication of low fertility. Yet, that rise has its limits. Therefore, the next four decades will be the most challenging period of getting used to the new demographic reality, which in view of the modern concept of population policy (quality before quantity) is not necessarily bad. One of the conclusions is that the significant increase in the total fertility rate, i.e. up to and around the replacement level of 2.1, which current official projections (Cent. Serbia, Vojvodina, Montenegro, and Croatia) consider as the ultimate objective of population policy, is far beyond the possible outcomes.
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Lowe, W. J., Thomas Acton, Christine Kinealy, Conor McNamara, Seán Mac Liam, Maura Cronin, Ruth McManus, et al. "Reviews: The Memoirs of John M. Regan, a Catholic Officer in the RIC and RUC, 1909–1948, Becoming Conspicuous: Irish Travellers, Society and the State 1922–1970, Nineteenth-Century Ireland: The Search for Stability, Landlords, Tenants, Famine: The Business of an Irish Land Agency in the 1840s, Ireland's Great Famine: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, When the Potato Failed: Causes and Effects of the last European Subsistence Crisis, 1845–1850, Local Government in Nineteenth-Century County Dublin: The Grand Jury, a South Roscommon Emigrant: Emigration and Return, 1890–1920, Edenderry, County Offaly, and the Downshire Estate, 1790–1800, Restoration Strabane, 1660–1714: Economy and Society in Provincial Ireland, Cavan, 1609–1653: Plantation, War and Religion, Aloys Fleischmann, Raymond Deane, the Murders at Wildgoose Lodge: Agrarian Crime and Punishment in pre-Famine Ireland, the Georgian Squares of Dublin: An Architectural History, Exploring the History and Heritage of Irish Landscapes, the Oxford History of the Irish Book, Spinning the Threads of Uneven Development: Gender and Industrialization in Ireland during the long Eighteenth Century, Irish Agriculture: A Price History from the Mid-Eighteenth Century to the End of the First World War, Subversive Law in Ireland, 1879–1920: From ‘Unwritten Law’ to the Dáil Courts, the De Vesci Papers, Michael Davitt: Freelance Radical and Frondeur, Redmond, the Parnellite, Freemasonry in Ulster, 1733–1813, the Writings of Theobald Wolfe Tone, 1763–1798, Dublin Docklands Reinvented, are You Still Below? The Ford Marina Plant, Cork, 1917–1984, the Irish County Surveyors, 1834–1944: A Biographical Dictionary, Kathleen Lynn, Irishwoman, Patriot, Doctor, Census of Ireland circa 1659 with Essential Materials from the Poll Money Ordinances, 1660–1661, Nationalism and the Irish Party: Provincial Ireland, 1910–1916, Portraying Irish Travellers: Histories and Representations, Davitt, Court of Claims: Submissions and Evidence, 1663." Irish Economic and Social History 35, no. 1 (December 2008): 105–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/iesh.35.8.
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Cleary, Matthew, Edward Jones Corredera, Pablo Nicolas Dufour, Jonathan Nathan, Emanuele Salerno, and Mark Somos. "Hugo Grotius’s De iure belli ac pacis: Henricus Laurentius’ Re-Issue (1647) of the 1631 Edition." Grotiana, June 2, 2023, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760759-20230007.
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Abstract This research note is the eighth instalment in our series of preliminary findings on the census and study of the reception of De iure belli ac pacis. The note presents a bibliographical description of Laurentius’ 1647 re-issue of the 1631 edition by Blaeu, considers Laurentius’ motivation and methods of production, lists and maps the currently known twenty-three surviving copies, and briefly describes two notable exemplars.
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Jones Corredera, Edward, Lara Yuki Muschel, and Mark Somos. "Hugo Grotius’s De iure belli ac pacis: A Report on the Worldwide Census of the Third Edition (1631)." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4277684.
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Jones Corredera, Edward, Pablo Nicolas Dufour, Lara Yuki Muschel, Emanuele Salerno, Timothy Twining, and Mark Somos. "Hugo Grotius’s De iure belli ac pacis: A Report on the Worldwide Census of the Fourth Edition (1632, Janssonius)." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4331742.
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SAPARKHODZHAEV, Nurbek, Karshyga AKISHEV, Dusmat JAMANGARIN, Amandos TULEGULOV, and Kapar ARYNGAZIN. "The Concept of Using Artificial Intelligence in Automated Solid Waste Management Systems." TRUDY UNIVERSITETA 1 (March 30, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.52209/1609-1825_2024_1_472.
Full textAbstract:
In the Republic of Kazakhstan, there is currently no proper control and accounting of solid waste by the state and culture, a high standard of living for the majority of the population. To solve the problem of automated MSW management using AI, it is proposed to develop a knowledge base, the level of education, distribution by collection zones in the city, socio-economic stratification, population and the amount of solid waste generated over a certain period of time is taken as a set of input data. The initial filling of the knowledge base is provided according to the latest population census of the Republic of Kazakhstan https://stat. gov.kz/ru/national/2021/. For predictive estimates of the volume of solid waste, the method of the forest conveyor with Bayesian optimization (RFBO) was used, the algorithm and architecture of the software solution are quite informative. The reliability of predictive decisions on the volume of solid waste presented by the program is at least 90%, taking into account the correctness of the input data set, the program code is written in Python. The solution proposed in the article to the problem related to the automation of solid waste management is based on international experience, taking into account the identified shortcomings, as well as the prospects and trends of understanding by residents of the country and public utilities of the country, a possible garbage collapse. The possible disadvantages of the program are the availability of constant access to the Internet, the need for a large amount of RAM, and computer performance. The program can be used as a ready-made solution for predictive estimates of solid waste for various regions