Journal articles: 'CeNPs'

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Wang, Xiao, Minshan Lai, Yue Wang, Ruihuan Chai, Nan Li, Ling Ou, Kai Zheng, et al. "Upregulation of Centromere Proteins as Potential Biomarkers for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis and Prognosis." BioMed Research International 2022 (April 20, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3758731.

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Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a high incidence and low survival rate, necessitating the identification of novel specific biomarkers. Centromere-associated proteins (CENPs) have been reported to be biomarkers for many cancers, but their roles in ESCC have seldom been investigated. Here, the potential clinical roles of CENPs in ESCC patients were demonstrated by a systematic bioinformatics analysis. Most CENP-encoding genes were differentially expressed between tumor and normal tissues. CENPA, CENPE, CENPF, CENPI, CENPM, CENPN, CENPQ, and CENPR were upregulated universally in the three datasets. Survival analysis demonstrated that high expression of CENPE and CENPQ was positively correlated with the outcomes of ESCC patients. The CENPE-based forecast model was more accurate than the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging-based model, which was classified as stage I/II vs. III/IV. More importantly, the forecast model based on the commonly upregulated CENPs exhibited a much higher area under the curve (AUC) value (0.855) than the currently known TTL, ZNF750, AC016205.1, and BOLA3 biomarkers. The nomogram model integrating the CENPs, TNM stage, and sex was highly accurate in the prognosis of ESCC patients ( AUC = 0.906 ). Besides, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that CENPE expression is significantly correlated with cell cycle, G2/M checkpoint, mitotic spindle, p53, etc. Finally, in validation experiments, we also found that CENPE and CENPQ were significantly overexpressed in esophageal cancer cells. Taken together, these results clearly suggest that CENPs are clinically promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ESCC patients.

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Cui, Zhongyuan, Lijia Xiao, Fengsui Chen, Jielong Wang, Haiyan Lin, Dongliang Li, and Zhixian Wu. "High mRNA Expression of CENPL and Its Significance in Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients." Disease Markers 2021 (August 17, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9971799.

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Centromere proteins (CENPs) are the main constituent proteins of kinetochore, which are essential for cell division. In recent years, several studies have revealed that several CENPs were aberrantly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, numerous centromere proteins have not been studied in HCC. In this study, we used databases of Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), the Kaplan-Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and TIMER (Tumor Immune Estimation Resource) and immunohistochemical staining of clinical specimens to investigate the expression of 15 major centromere proteins in HCC to evaluate their potential prognostic value. We found that the mRNA levels of 4 out of 15 centromere proteins (CENPL, CENPQ, CENPR, and CENPU) were significantly higher in HCC than in normal tissues, and their mRNA levels were associated with the tumor stages ( p values < 0.01). Patients with higher mRNA levels of CENPL had poorer overall survival, progression-free survival, relapse-free survival, and disease-specific survival ( p values < 0.05). Furthermore, the higher levels of CENPL mRNA were associated with worse overall survival in males without hepatitis virus infection ( p values < 0.05). The protein expression level of CENPL in human HCC tissue was higher than that in normal liver tissue. In addition, the expression of CENPL was positively correlated with the levels of the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The results suggest that the high mRNA expression of CENPL may be a potential predictor of prognosis in HCC patients.

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Estevez, Ana, Mallikarjunarao Ganesana, John Trentini, James Olson, Guangze Li, Yvonne Boateng, Jennifer Lipps, et al. "Antioxidant Enzyme-Mimetic Activity and Neuroprotective Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Stabilized with Various Ratios of Citric Acid and EDTA." Biomolecules 9, no. 10 (October 3, 2019): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9100562.

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Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (CeNPs) are potent antioxidants that are being explored as potential therapies for diseases in which oxidative stress plays an important pathological role. However, both beneficial and toxic effects of CeNPs have been reported, and the method of synthesis as well as physico-chemical, biological, and environmental factors can impact the ultimate biological effects of CeNPs. In the present study, we explored the effect of different ratios of citric acid (CA) and EDTA (CA/EDTA), which are used as stabilizers during synthesis of CeNPs, on the antioxidant enzyme-mimetic and biological activity of the CeNPs. We separated the CeNPs into supernatant and pellet fractions and used commercially available enzymatic assays to measure the catalase-, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-, and oxidase-mimetic activity of each fraction. We tested the effects of these CeNPs in a mouse hippocampal brain slice model of ischemia to induce oxidative stress where the fluorescence indicator SYTOX green was used to assess cell death. Our results demonstrate that CeNPs stabilized with various ratios of CA/EDTA display different enzyme-mimetic activities. CeNPs with intermediate CA/EDTA stabilization ratios demonstrated greater neuroprotection in ischemic mouse brain slices, and the neuroprotective activity resides in the pellet fraction of the CeNPs. The neuroprotective effects of CeNPs stabilized with equal proportions of CA/EDTA (50/50) were also demonstrated in two other models of ischemia/reperfusion in mice and rats. Thus, CeNPs merit further development as a neuroprotective therapy for use in diseases associated with oxidative stress in the nervous system.

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Taha, Medhat, Sara T. Elazab, Alaa M. Badawy, Abdullah A. Saati, Naeem F. Qusty, Abdullah G. Al-Kushi, Anas Sarhan, Amira Osman, and Amira E. Farage. "Activation of SIRT-1 Pathway by Nanoceria Sheds Light on Its Ameliorative Effect on Doxorubicin-Induced Cognitive Impairment (Chemobrain): Restraining Its Neuroinflammation, Synaptic Dysplasticity and Apoptosis." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 8 (July 24, 2022): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15080918.

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Chemo fog is one of the most serious health concerns encountered by cancer survivors receiving doxorubicin (DOX)-based chemotherapy. Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis and impairment of synaptic plasticity are regarded as the key factors implicated in DOX-induced cognitive impairment. This research aimed to assess the possible neuroprotective effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) against DOX-induced neurotoxicity. Forty-eight rats were divided into four groups (12 rats/group): control group, CeNPs group (received oral CeNPs solution (35 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks), and DOX group (were administered DOX intraperitoneally (2 mg/kg, once/week for 4 weeks)) and DOX+ CeNPs group. The findings revealed that CeNPs mitigated behavioral alterations in DOX-induced cognitive deficit. Additionally, CeNPs alleviated the histopathological abnormalities in hippocampus and ameliorated DOX-induced neuroinflammation by downregulating the expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL6. In addition, CeNPs antagonized the apoptosis through reducing the protein expression of cytochrome c and caspase 3. In addition, it stimulated the antioxidant defense, as indicated by upregulating the expression of the Nrf2, HO-1 and PGC-1α genes. CeNPs improved synaptic plasticity via acting on the BDNF. These actions were related through the modification of SIRT-1 expression. Based on the aforementioned results, CeNPs antagonized the doxorubicin-induced neurodegeneration by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects, alongside its SIRT-1 mediated mechanisms.

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Heidary Dartoti, Hamid, Farzin Firozian, Sara Soleimani Asl, and Akram Ranjbar. "Protective Role of Ce Nanoparticles Against the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Exposure to Paraquat." Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry 6, no. 2 (December 26, 2018): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ajmb.2018.09.

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Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) against paraquat (PQ)-induced liver injury in rats. Methods: Thirty-two male rats were divided into four 8-member groups and treated intraperitoneally with PQ and/or CeNPs for 14 days. Group 1 received PQ (5 mg/kg/d), group 2 received CeNPs (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/d), group 3 received a combination of PQ (5 mg/kg/d) and CeNPs (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/d), and group 4 (control group) received saline solution. Serum samples along with liver tissue samples were collected from all the rats. Oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers including total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, total thiol groups, DNA damage, and nitric oxide levels were determined. Histological samples were also analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining slides. Results: Levels of oxidative stress and hepatic tissue damage were significantly higher in the PQ group compared to the control group. CeNPs at a dose of 15 mg/kg showed the antioxidant activity and compromised the PQ-induced damage. Conclusion: In the scenario tested in this study, CeNPs could reduce the levels of OS, as well as hepatic damage induced by PQ.

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Perpelescu, Marinela, and Tatsuo Fukagawa. "The ABCs of CENPs." Chromosoma 120, no. 5 (July 13, 2011): 425–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00412-011-0330-0.

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Hajinezhad, Mohammad Reza, Shaghayegh Hajian Shahri, Abbas Rahdar, and Hojjat Zamanian. "Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Biochemical Parameters and Histopathological Changes in Lead-Intoxicated Rats." Disease and Diagnosis 9, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ddj.2020.01.

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Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) against lead acetate-induced toxicity. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups and treated simultaneously, except for the normal control, for 5 weeks with lead acetate in drinking water (1000 mg/L). Control rats and negative control rats received saline intraperitoneally. At the same time, the third group was treated with intraperitoneal injections of CeNPs at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg 1 week before lead administration, and continued with its administration. Finally, serum was obtained by the conventional methods and rats were sacrificed to obtain liver, heart, testis, and kidney tissue for histopathological examinations. Results: The lead-treated group showed significant increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P<0.01). Lead-intoxicated rats treated with CeNPs showed a significant decrease in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), AST, and ALT levels compared to the untreated negative control group (P<0.01). The histopathological examination of liver and kidney tissues showed signs of lead-induced injuries, necrotic hepatocytes, and glomerulosclerosis. The CeNPs-treated group showed noticeable reductions in histopathological signs of lead-induced injuries. Lipid peroxidation levels were also lower in CeNPs-treated rats than negative controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: The current experimental study proved the protective effects of CeNPs in rats exposed to chronic lead-induced toxicity; however, more experiments are required to evaluate the possible side effects and interactions.

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Dhall, Atul, and William Self. "Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: A Brief Review of Their Synthesis Methods and Biomedical Applications." Antioxidants 7, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox7080097.

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Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) exhibit antioxidant properties both in vitro and in vivo. This is due to the self-regeneration of their surface, which is based on redox-cycling between 3+ and 4+ states for cerium, in response to their immediate environment. Additionally, oxygen vacancies in the lattice structure allow for alternating between CeO2 and CeO2−x during redox reactions. Research to identify and characterize the biomedical applications of CeNPs has been heavily focused on investigating their use in treating diseases that are characterized by higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although the bio-mimetic activities of CeNPs have been extensively studied in vitro, in vivo interactions and associated protein corona formation are not well understood. This review describes: (1) the methods of synthesis for CeNPs, including the recent green synthesis methods that offer enhanced biocompatibility and a need for establishing a reference CeNP material for consistency across studies; (2) their enzyme-mimetic activities, with a focus on their antioxidant activities; and, (3) recent experimental evidence that demonstrates their ROS scavenging abilities and their potential use in personalized medicine.

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Saleh, Hamida, Atef M. K. Nassar, Ahmed E. Noreldin, Dalia Samak, Norhan Elshony, Lamiaa Wasef, Yaser H. A. Elewa, et al. "Chemo-Protective Potential of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles against Fipronil-Induced Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Inflammation and Reproductive Dysfunction in Male White Albino Rats." Molecules 25, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 3479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153479.

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Fipronil (FIP) is an insecticide commonly used in many fields, such as agriculture, veterinary medicine, and public health, and recently it has been proposed as a potential endocrine disrupter. The purpose of this study was to inspect the reproductive impacts of FIP and the possible protective effects of cerium nanoparticles (CeNPs) on male albino rats. Rats received FIP (5 mg/kg bwt; 1/20 LD50), CeNPs (35 mg/kg bwt) and FIP+CeNPs per os daily for 28 days. Serum testosterone levels, testicular oxidative damage, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes were evaluated. FIP provoked testicular oxidative damage as indicated by decreased serum testosterone (≈60%) and superoxide dismutase (≈50%), glutathione peroxidase activity (≈46.67%) and increased malondialdehyde (≈116.67%) and nitric oxide (≈87.5%) levels in testicular tissues. Furthermore, FIP induced edematous changes and degeneration within the seminiferous tubules, hyperplasia, vacuolations, and apoptosis in the epididymides. In addition, FIP exposure upregulated interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS), caspase-3 (Casp3) and downregulated the Burkitt-cell lymphomas (BCL-2), inhibin B proteins (IBP), and androgen receptor (Ar) mRNA expressions Casp3, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(IBA1), and IL-1β immunoreactions were increased. Also, reduction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), mouse vasa homologue (MVH), and SOX9 protein reactions were reported. Interestingly, CeNPs diminished the harmful impacts of FIP on testicular tissue by decreasing lipid peroxidation, apoptosis and inflammation and increasing the antioxidant activities. The findings reported herein showed that the CeNPs might serve as a supposedly new and efficient protective agent toward reproductive toxicity caused by the FIP insecticide in white male rats.

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Liu, Dong, Fan Li, Dezhong Yu, Junxia Yu, and Yigang Ding. "Mesoporous Carbon and Ceria Nanoparticles Composite Modified Electrode for the Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone and Catechol." Nanomaterials 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9010054.

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In this work, a novel material that was based on mesoporous carbon and ceria nanoparticles composite (MC–CeNPs) was synthesized, and a modified electrode was fabricated. When compared with a bare glass electrode, the modified electrode exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC), which is attributed to the large specific area and fast electron transfer ability of MC–CeNPs. Additionally, it exhibited linear response ranges in the concentrations of 0.5–500 µM and 0.4–320 µM for HQ and CC, with detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.24 µM and 0.13 µM, respectively. This method also displayed good stability and reproducibility. Furthermore, the modified electrode was applied to the simultaneous determination of HQ and CC in tap and lake water samples, and it exhibited satisfactory recovery levels of 98.5–103.2% and 98–103.4% for HQ and CC, respectively. All of these results indicate that a MC–CeNPs modified electrode could be a candidate for the determination of HQ and CC.

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Hemmerich, Peter, Stefanie Weidtkamp-Peters, Christian Hoischen, Lars Schmiedeberg, Indri Erliandri, and Stephan Diekmann. "Dynamics of inner kinetochore assembly and maintenance in living cells." Journal of Cell Biology 180, no. 6 (March 17, 2008): 1101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200710052.

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To investigate the dynamics of centromere organization, we have assessed the exchange rates of inner centromere proteins (CENPs) by quantitative microscopy throughout the cell cycle in human cells. CENP-A and CENP-I are stable centromere components that are incorporated into centromeres via a “loading-only” mechanism in G1 and S phase, respectively. A subfraction of CENP-H also stays stably bound to centromeres. In contrast, CENP-B, CENP-C, and some CENP-H and hMis12 exhibit distinct and cell cycle–specific centromere binding stabilities, with residence times ranging from seconds to hours. CENP-C and CENP-H are immobilized at centromeres specifically during replication. In mitosis, all inner CENPs become completely immobilized. CENPs are highly mobile throughout bulk chromatin, which is consistent with a binding-diffusion behavior as the mechanism to scan for vacant high-affinity binding sites at centromeres. Our data reveal a wide range of cell cycle–specific assembly plasticity of the centromere that provides both stability through sustained binding of some components and flexibility through dynamic exchange of other components.

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Murawska, Magdalena, and Andreas G. Ladurner. "CENPs and Sweet Nucleosomes Face the FACT." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 41, no. 9 (September 2016): 736–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2016.07.010.

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Dhall, A., A. Burns, J. Dowding, S. Das, S. Seal, and W. Self. "Characterizing the phosphatase mimetic activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles and distinguishing its active site from that for catalase mimetic activity using anionic inhibitors." Environmental Science: Nano 4, no. 8 (2017): 1742–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7en00394c.

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Apostolova, Nadezda, Susana Rovira-Llopis, Herme G. Baldoví, Sergio Navalon, Abdullah M. Asiri, Victor M. Victor, Hermenegildo Garcia, and Jose Raul Herance. "Ceria nanoparticles with rhodamine B as a powerful theranostic agent against intracellular oxidative stress." RSC Advances 5, no. 97 (2015): 79423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra12794g.

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Ceria nanoparticles with rhodamine B (RhB-CeNPs) are a new class of biocompatible nanomaterial with antioxidant activity and sensor capacity against oxidant species both in solution and in human cells.

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Tortolini, Cristina, Paolo Bollella, Rosaceleste Zumpano, Gabriele Favero, Franco Mazzei, and Riccarda Antiochia. "Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Based Electrochemical Sensor for Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Detection in Wine Samples." Biosensors 8, no. 4 (November 14, 2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios8040108.

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A single-use electrochemical screen-printed electrode is reported based on biomimetic properties of nanoceria particles (CeNPs). The developed tool showed an easy approach compared to the classical spectrophotometric methods reported in literature in terms of ease of use, cost, portability, and unnecessary secondary reagents. The sensor allowed the detection of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in wine samples. The sensor has been optimized and characterized electrochemically and then tested with antioxidant compounds occurred in wine samples. The electrochemical CeNPs modified sensor has been used for detection of TAC in white and red commercial wines and the data compared to the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS)-based spectrophotometric method. Finally, the obtained results have demonstrated that the proposed sensor was suitable for the simple and quick evaluation of TAC in beverage samples.

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Farias, Isabela Albuquerque Passos, Carlos Christiano Lima dos Santos, and Fábio Correia Sampaio. "Antimicrobial Activity of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Opportunistic Microorganisms: A Systematic Review." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1923606.

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An evaluation of studies of biologically active nanoparticles provides guidance for the synthesis of nanoparticles with the goal of developing new antibiotics/antifungals to combat microbial resistance. This review article focuses on the physicochemical properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) with antimicrobial activity. Method. This systematic review followed the Guidelines for Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Results. Studies have confirmed the antimicrobial activity of CeNPs (synthesized by different routes) using nitrate or chloride salt precursors and having sizes less than 54 nm. Conclusion. Due to the lack of standardization in studies with respect to the bacteria and CeNP concentrations assayed, comparisons between studies to determine more effective routes of synthesis are difficult. The mechanism of CeNP action likely occurs through oxidative stress of components in the cell membrane of the microorganism. During this process, a valence change occurs on the CeNP surface in which an electron is gained and Ce4+ is converted to Ce3+.

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Earnshaw, William C. "Discovering centromere proteins: from cold white hands to the A, B, C of CENPs." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 16, no. 7 (May 20, 2015): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm4001.

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Prendergast, Lisa, Chelly van Vuuren, Agnieszka Kaczmarczyk, Volker Doering, Daniela Hellwig, Nadine Quinn, Christian Hoischen, Stephan Diekmann, and Kevin F. Sullivan. "Premitotic Assembly of Human CENPs -T and -W Switches Centromeric Chromatin to a Mitotic State." PLoS Biology 9, no. 6 (June 14, 2011): e1001082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001082.

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Bassett, Emily A., Stacey Wood, Kevan J. Salimian, Sandya Ajith, Daniel R. Foltz, and Ben E. Black. "Epigenetic centromere specification directs aurora B accumulation but is insufficient to efficiently correct mitotic errors." Journal of Cell Biology 190, no. 2 (July 19, 2010): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201001035.

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The nearly ubiquitous presence of repetitive centromere DNA sequences across eukaryotic species is in paradoxical contrast to their apparent functional dispensability. Centromeric chromatin is spatially delineated into the kinetochore-forming array of centromere protein A (CENP-A)–containing nucleosomes and the inner centromeric heterochromatin that lacks CENP-A but recruits the aurora B kinase that is necessary for correcting erroneous attachments to the mitotic spindle. We found that the self-perpetuating network of CENPs at the foundation of the kinetochore is intact at a human neocentromere lacking repetitive α-satellite DNA. However, aurora B is inappropriately silenced as a consequence of the altered geometry of the neocentromere, thereby compromising the error correction mechanism. This suggests a model wherein the neocentromere represents a primordial inheritance locus that requires subsequent generation of a robust inner centromere compartment to enhance fidelity of chromosome transmission.

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Xu, Yinjie, Shuang Wang, Zheng Liu, Shaojian Lin, Xu Cheng, and Haibo Wang. "Fabrication of organic/inorganic hybrid waterborne polyurethane coating based on CeNPs @mTi3C2Tx composites for anti-corrosion applications." Progress in Organic Coatings 182 (September 2023): 107668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2023.107668.

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Carroll, Christopher W., Kirstin J. Milks, and Aaron F. Straight. "Dual recognition of CENP-A nucleosomes is required for centromere assembly." Journal of Cell Biology 189, no. 7 (June 21, 2010): 1143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201001013.

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Centromeres contain specialized nucleosomes in which histone H3 is replaced by the histone variant centromere protein A (CENP-A). CENP-A nucleosomes are thought to act as an epigenetic mark that specifies centromere identity. We previously identified CENP-N as a CENP-A nucleosome-specific binding protein. Here, we show that CENP-C also binds directly and specifically to CENP-A nucleosomes. Nucleosome binding by CENP-C required the extreme C terminus of CENP-A and did not compete with CENP-N binding, which suggests that CENP-C and CENP-N recognize distinct structural elements of CENP-A nucleosomes. A mutation that disrupted CENP-C binding to CENP-A nucleosomes in vitro caused defects in CENP-C targeting to centromeres. Moreover, depletion of CENP-C with siRNA resulted in the mislocalization of all other nonhistone CENPs examined, including CENP-K, CENP-H, CENP-I, and CENP-T, and led to a partial reduction in centromeric CENP-A. We propose that CENP-C binds directly to CENP-A chromatin and, together with CENP-N, provides the foundation upon which other centromere and kinetochore proteins are assembled.

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Duanghathaipornsuk, Surachet, Sushil Kanel, Emily F. Haushalter, Jessica E. Ruetz, and Dong-Shik Kim. "Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals Using Cerium Oxide/Graphene Oxide Composite on Prussian Blue." Nanomaterials 10, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10061136.

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A composite sensor consisting of two separate inorganic layers of Prussian blue (PB) and a composite of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) and graphene oxide (GO), is tested with •OH radicals. The signals from the interaction between the composite layers and •OH radicals are characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The degradation of PB in the presence of H2O2 and •OH radicals is observed and its impact on the sensor efficiency is investigated. The results show that the composite sensor differentiates between the solutions with and without •OH radicals by the increase of electrochemical redox current in the presence of •OH radicals. The redox response shows a linear relation with the concentration of •OH radicals where the limit of detection, LOD, is found at 60 µM (100 µM without the PB layer). When additional composite layers are applied on the composite sensor to prevent the degradation of PB layer, the PB layer is still observed to be degraded. Furthermore, the sensor conductivity is found to decrease with the additional layers of composite. Although the CeNP/GO/PB composite sensor demonstrates high sensitivity with •OH radicals at low concentrations, it can only be used once due to the degradation of PB.

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Lv, Yarong, Yulong Xu, Xinyu Sang, Chenxi Li, Yong Liu, Quanyi Guo, Seeram Ramakrishna, Ce Wang, Ping Hu, and Himansu Sekhar Nanda. "PLLA–gelatin composite fiber membranes incorporated with functionalized CeNPs as a sustainable wound dressing substitute promoting skin regeneration and scar remodeling." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 10, no. 7 (2022): 1116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tb02677a.

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Saxena, A. "Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 localizes to mammalian active centromeres and interacts with PARP-1, Cenpa, Cenpb and Bub3, but not Cenpc." Human Molecular Genetics 11, no. 19 (September 15, 2002): 2319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/11.19.2319.

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Zandi, Milad, Maryam Fazeli, Razieh Bigdeli, Vahid Asgary, Reza Ahangari Cohan, Rouzbeh Bashar, and Shohreh Shahmahmoodi. "Preparation of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Cytotoxicity Evaluation In vitro and In vivo." International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine 12, no. 1 (November 15, 2021): 35374. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i1.35374.

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Background: Nanotechnology plays a significant role in medicine, especially in diagnosis and treatment as a carrier to drugs and vaccinology. Several studies were conducted using nanoparticles as an adjuvant. The main aim of this study was in vivo and in vitro toxicity evaluation of synthesized Cerium Nanoparticles (CeNPs). Methods: In the present study, cerium nanoparticles were prepared using the wet chemical method. The formation of cerium nanoparticles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopes, x-ray diffraction analysis, dynamic light scattering. In vivo and in vitro toxicity of synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated in three different amounts of cerium nanoparticles (30 μg, 50 μg, & 100 μg) in mice and human fibroblast cell lines, respectively. Results: Cerium nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, and the identity was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis. The shape and size of nanoparticles were spherical and <100 nm, respectively. The prepared nanoparticles had a charge of -26.6 mV and a hydrodynamic radius of 446 nm. MTT assay indicated that none of the concentration of cerium was toxic, and in vivo toxicity also clarified the safety of cerium nanoparticles in mice; no significant un-normal behavioral and physical symptoms were observed in mice after CeNP administration Conclusion: Cerium nanoparticles have special properties, especially low toxicity, unique capabilities in stimulating the immune system. Cerium nanoparticles can be considered an effective and safe candidate in vaccines.

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Thakur, Jitendra, and Steven Henikoff. "CENPT bridges adjacent CENPA nucleosomes on young human α-satellite dimers." Genome Research 26, no. 9 (July 6, 2016): 1178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.204784.116.

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Dornblut, Carsten, Nadine Quinn, Shamci Monajambashi, Lisa Prendergast, Chelly van Vuuren, Sandra Münch, Wen Deng, et al. "A CENP-S/X complex assembles at the centromere in S and G2 phases of the human cell cycle." Open Biology 4, no. 2 (February 2014): 130229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.130229.

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The functional identity of centromeres arises from a set of specific nucleoprotein particle subunits of the centromeric chromatin fibre. These include CENP-A and histone H3 nucleosomes and a novel nucleosome-like complex of CENPs -T, -W, -S and -X. Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) revealed that human CENP-S and -X exist principally in complex in soluble form and retain proximity when assembled at centromeres. Conditional labelling experiments show that they both assemble de novo during S phase and G2, increasing approximately three- to fourfold in abundance at centromeres. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements documented steady-state exchange between soluble and assembled pools, with CENP-X exchanging approximately 10 times faster than CENP-S ( t 1/2 ∼ 10 min versus 120 min). CENP-S binding to sites of DNA damage was quite distinct, with a FRAP half-time of approximately 160 s. Fluorescent two-hybrid analysis identified CENP-T as a uniquely strong CENP-S binding protein and this association was confirmed by FRET, revealing a centromere-bound complex containing CENP-S, CENP-X and CENP-T in proximity to histone H3 but not CENP-A. We propose that deposition of the CENP-T/W/S/X particle reveals a kinetochore-specific chromatin assembly pathway that functions to switch centromeric chromatin to a mitosis-competent state after DNA replication. Centromeres shuttle between CENP-A-rich, replication-competent and H3-CENP-T/W/S/X-rich mitosis-competent compositions in the cell cycle.

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Ando, Satoshi, Hua Yang, Naohito Nozaki, Tuneko Okazaki, and Kinya Yoda. "CENP-A, -B, and -C Chromatin Complex That Contains the I-Type α-Satellite Array Constitutes the Prekinetochore in HeLa Cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 7 (April 1, 2002): 2229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.7.2229-2241.2002.

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ABSTRACT CENP-A is a component of centromeric chromatin and defines active centromere regions by forming centromere-specific nucleosomes. We have isolated centromeric chromatin containing the CENP-A nucleosome, CENP-B, and CENP-C from HeLa cells using anti-CENP-A and/or anti-CENP-C antibodies and shown that the CENP-A/B/C complex is predominantly formed on α-satellite DNA that contains the CENP-B box (αI-type array). Mapping of hypersensitive sites for micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestion indicated that CENP-A nucleosomes were phased on the αI-type array as a result of interactions between CENP-B and CENP-B boxes, implying a repetitive configuration for the CENP-B/CENP-A nucleosome complex. Molecular mass analysis by glycerol gradient sedimentation showed that MNase digestion released a CENP-A/B/C chromatin complex of three to four nucleosomes into the soluble fraction, suggesting that CENP-C is a component of the repetitive CENP-B/CENP-A nucleosome complex. Quantitative analysis by immunodepletion of CENP-A nucleosomes showed that most of the CENP-C and approximately half the CENP-B took part in formation of the CENP-A/B/C chromatin complex. A kinetic study of the solubilization of CENPs showed that MNase digestion first released the CENP-A/B/C chromatin complex into the soluble fraction, and later removed CENP-B and CENP-C from the complex. This result suggests that CENP-A nucleosomes form a complex with CENP-B and CENP-C through interaction with DNA. On the basis of these results, we propose that the CENP-A/B/C chromatin complex is selectively formed on the I-type α-satellite array and constitutes the prekinetochore in HeLa cells.

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Mach, Jennifer. "A Tale of Two CENPCs: Centromere Localization of KINETOCHORE NULL2 and CENP-C." Plant Cell 29, no. 1 (January 2017): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.17.00035.

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Rahman, Md Rezanur, Tania Islam, Esra Gov, Beste Turanli, Gizem Gulfidan, Md Shahjaman, Nilufa Akhter Banu, Md Nurul Haque Mollah, Kazim Yalcin Arga, and Mohammad Ali Moni. "Identification of Prognostic Biomarker Signatures and Candidate Drugs in Colorectal Cancer: Insights from Systems Biology Analysis." Medicina 55, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55010020.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the world, but early diagnosis ameliorates the survival of CRC. This report aimed to identify molecular biomarker signatures in CRC. We analyzed two microarray datasets (GSE35279 and GSE21815) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to identify mutual differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We integrated DEGs with protein–protein interaction and transcriptional/post-transcriptional regulatory networks to identify reporter signaling and regulatory molecules; utilized functional overrepresentation and pathway enrichment analyses to elucidate their roles in biological processes and molecular pathways; performed survival analyses to evaluate their prognostic performance; and applied drug repositioning analyses through Connectivity Map (CMap) and geneXpharma tools to hypothesize possible drug candidates targeting reporter molecules. A total of 727 upregulated and 99 downregulated DEGs were detected. The PI3K/Akt signaling, Wnt signaling, extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction, and cell cycle were identified as significantly enriched pathways. Ten hub proteins (ADNP, CCND1, CD44, CDK4, CEBPB, CENPA, CENPH, CENPN, MYC, and RFC2), 10 transcription factors (ETS1, ESR1, GATA1, GATA2, GATA3, AR, YBX1, FOXP3, E2F4, and PRDM14) and two microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR-193b-3p and miR-615-3p) were detected as reporter molecules. The survival analyses through Kaplan–Meier curves indicated remarkable performance of reporter molecules in the estimation of survival probability in CRC patients. In addition, several drug candidates including anti-neoplastic and immunomodulating agents were repositioned. This study presents biomarker signatures at protein and RNA levels with prognostic capability in CRC. We think that the molecular signatures and candidate drugs presented in this study might be useful in future studies indenting the development of accurate diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker screens and efficient therapeutic strategies in CRC.

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Wang, Jiahui, Xin Liu, Hong-jin Chu, Ning Li, Liu-ye Huang, and Jian Chen. "Centromere Protein I (CENP-I) Is Upregulated in Gastric Cancer, Predicts Poor Prognosis, and Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation and Migration." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 20 (January 2021): 153303382110455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15330338211045510.

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This study aimed to investigate the expression and cellular function of the centromeric family of proteins (CENPs), especially centromere protein I (CENP-I), in gastric cancer (GC) and identified its clinical significance and cellular functions. CENP-I expression in GC was studied by cDNA microarray, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), UALCAN, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Microarray and bioinformatic analyses identified upregulated CENP-A/E/F/H/I/K/P/W and HJURP in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), but not in signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). Significantly higher CENP-I mRNA expression was also confirmed in 40 pairs of GC tissues than in paired normal gastric tissues by qRT-PCR ( P<.001). IHC showed that elevated CENP-I expression was associated with higher tumor stage, lymph node invasion, increased HER2-positive rate (36.7% vs 10.0%), and intestinal Lauren classification in 69 GC samples compared to paired paracancerous normal tissues. The survival of the high-CENP-I group members was poor compared with that of the low-CENP-I group ( P = .0011). Cox univariate regression analysis identified tumor size ( P = .008), HER2 status ( P = .027), and CENP-I expression ( P = .049) were independent prognostic factors of GC. The cellular function of CENP-I was studied in MKN45 and MKN28 GC cell lines in vitro. Cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were determined using CCK-8, transwell assay, TUNEL assay, and flow cytometry. Our results showed that CENP-I promoted GC cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, facilitated cell migration, and induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), possibly by activating the AKT pathway. CENP-I expression was correlated with genetic signatures of the proliferative subtype of GC, characterized by intestinal Lauren classification, HER2 amplification, and TP53 mutation. In conclusion, this study revealed an elevated CENP-I expression in GC, which was associated with malignant features and poor prognosis of GC patients, and identified its function in modulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration.

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Zhu, Jiening, Jung Hun Oh, Anish K. Simhal, Rena Elkin, Larry Norton, Joseph O. Deasy, and Allen R. Tannenbaum. "Abstract 5367: Deep neural networks using protein-protein network information predict multiple myeloma survival." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 5367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-5367.

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Abstract The modern development of sequencing technologies provides a comprehensive molecular portrait of human cancers. There is a strong need to develop methods to not only improve patient prognosis predictions but also to understand the driving factors for treatment. However, the high-dimension, low-sample size nature of the genomic data poses challenges for typical machine learning algorithms. The systematic understanding of genes with respect to a network (protein-protein interaction (PPI) network) is a way to handle the limit and the nonparametric analysis of geometric properties such as Ollivier-Ricci curvature and associated invariant measure developed by our group have proven to be successful for the prediction of survival in multiple cancers. In this work, we propose a novel supervised deep learning approach combining the aforementioned geometric methods, which benefit from the flexibility provided by deep learning techniques while still preserving much of the interpretability of the geometric analysis. We take advantage of a state-of-the-art graph neural network approach. Sparse connections between layers were inspired by the known biology of the PPI network from the Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD) and pathway information from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, supplemented with geometric network features which are fed into the network in corresponding layers. The prediction is based on a local-global principle, where highly predictive features are selected from early layers of the network and fed directly to the final layer to produce a multivariable Cox regression. We applied our method to RNA-Seq gene expression data from the CoMMpass study of multiple myeloma (MM). More specifically, 657 patients in the data set were randomly divided into training, validation and set-aside testing sets by a ratio of 6:2:2. We obtained an average C-index 0.66 of the prediction in the testing set from a 10-fold data split. Dichotomizing the testing set by its mean value to define high-risk vs. low-risk yielded a significant p-value of the log-rank test in the set-aside data (p-value =3e-4). We observed that geometric protein network information not only improved the outcome prediction (vs. 6% worse without geometric feature inputs), but was also more robust to fold splitting. From our model, we identified WEE1, CENPE and CENPF as top genes driving survival differences (higher expression of WEE1 increased risk and lower negative curvature between CENPE and CENPF increased risk). WEE1 is a cell cycle-related gene that regulates DNA repair and CENPE and CENPF are components of a fibrous layer of mitotic kinetochores, which have been indicated in the literature to be related to the prognosis as well as possible targets for treatment. While it is therefore logical that these genes would be implicated in the natural history of MM, they were identified entirely on the basis of network analysis. Citation Format: Jiening Zhu, Jung Hun Oh, Anish K. Simhal, Rena Elkin, Larry Norton, Joseph O. Deasy, Allen R. Tannenbaum. Deep neural networks using protein-protein network information predict multiple myeloma survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5367.

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Burkin, D. J., C. Jones, H. R. Burkin, J. A. McGrew, and T. E. Broad. "Sheep CENPB and CENPC genes show a high level of sequence similarity and conserved synteny with their human homologs." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 74, no. 1-2 (1996): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000134388.

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34

Saxena, Alka, Richard Saffery, Lee H. Wong, Paul Kalitsis, and K. H. Andy Choo. "Centromere Proteins Cenpa, Cenpb, and Bub3 Interact with Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Protein and Are Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated." Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, no. 30 (May 13, 2002): 26921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m200620200.

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35

Pechman, Robert Moses. "9 cenas, algumas obs-cenas, da rua." Fractal : Revista de Psicologia 21, no. 2 (August 2009): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-02922009000200011.

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Importa aqui tomar o acontecimento urbano como sintoma da cidade. Mas de que sofre a cidade? De excesso de individualismo e do escasseamento da vida pública na rua. Mas se o que caracteriza a cidade é o acolhimento do Outro, que se desdobra em convivialidades e em sociabilidades, como podemos pensar numa cidade sem que a questão da hospitalidade venha à tona? À propósito dessa contradição entre cidade e individualismo e privativismo e hospitalidade, me ponho a observar nossas ruas e a divisar certas cenas urbanas, depreendendo daí o que essas cenas podem nos contar de um ethos citadino. E, sim, elas nos contam muitas coisas de uma nova paisagem urbana/humana que insiste em desmanchar a imagem do acolhimento como a cena primordial da cidade, impondo sua obscena verdade, sua cena obs-cena.

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36

Larsen, Nancy J. "Making Cents." Teaching Children Mathematics 2, no. 9 (May 1996): 520–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.2.9.0520.

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My classroom needed some new playground equipment, hut we had no money with which to purchase it. That situation was the motivation behind a mathematics unit that brought a practical, hands-on experience to my second-grade class in the form of collecting pennies.

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Muniz, Pollyanna Gouveia Mendonça, and Carlos Victor de Sousa Ferreira. "Cenas fatídicas." Revista Cadernos do Ceom 33, no. 53 (December 18, 2020): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22562/2020.53.02.

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O suicídio foi comportamento recorrente entre os escravizados. As relações de forças cotidianas, os conflitos internos gerados pelo sistema escravista, contribuíram para isso. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo apresenta os resultados finais da pesquisa desenvolvida no Mestrado em História Social da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, acerca da análise das experiências dos suicídios ocorridos na província. Foi realizado uma extensa pesquisa documental em vários setores de arquivamentos de documentos. Através dos suicídios é possível analisar as relações cotidianas, os perfis sociais, as subjetividades escravas e as afetividades. Esse estudo permite observar outras formas de relações sociais desenvolvidas pelos escravizados, possibilitando novas formas de análises e fugindo da dicotomia escravo-senhor.

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Foster, Hal, Janaína Nagata Otoch, and Paula Mermelstein Costa. "Cenas primitivas." ARS (São Paulo) 19, no. 42 (November 29, 2021): 1581–653. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2178-0447.ars.2021.192811.

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Fontes, Lilian. "Cenas Urbanas." Brasiliana- Journal for Brazilian Studies 3, no. 1 (2014): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.25160/v3.i1/va.9.

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40

Frank, Dawn. "CERPs Certificates." Journal of Human Lactation 7, no. 2 (June 1991): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089033449100700204.

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41

Maranto, Robert. "Common Cents." Journal of School Choice 14, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15582159.2020.1815463.

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42

Miller, Henry I. "Common Cents." Nature Biotechnology 6, no. 5 (May 1988): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0588-598b.

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Fang, Leiming, Qi Liu, Hongtu Cui, Yunji Zheng, and Chengjun Wu. "Bioinformatics Analysis Highlight Differentially Expressed CCNB1 and PLK1 Genes as Potential Anti-Breast Cancer Drug Targets and Prognostic Markers." Genes 13, no. 4 (April 7, 2022): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13040654.

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Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women worldwide. Early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of breast cancer are global challenges. Identification of valid predictive diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers and drug targets are crucial for breast cancer prevention. This study characterizes differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on the TCGA database by using DESeq2, edgeR, and limma. A total of 2032 DEGs, including 1026 up-regulated genes and 1006 down-regulated genes were screened. Followed with WGCNA, PPI analysis, GEPIA 2, and HPA database verification, thirteen hub genes including CDK1, BUB1, BUB1B, CDC20, CCNB2, CCNB1, KIF2C, NDC80, CDCA8, CENPF, BIRC5, AURKB, PLK1, MAD2L1, and CENPE were obtained, and they may serve as potential therapeutic targets of breast cancer. Especially, overexpression of CCNB1 and PLK1 are strongly associated with the low survival rate of breast cancer patients, demonstrating their potentiality as prognostic markers. Moreover, CCNB1 and PLK1 are highly expressed in all breast cancer stages, suggesting that they could be further studied as potential drug targets. Taken together, our study highlights CCNB1 and PLK1 as potential anti-breast cancer drug targets and prognostic markers.

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Anderson, Hamish D., and Yuan Peng. "From cents to half-cents and its liquidity impact." Pacific Accounting Review 26, no. 3 (November 10, 2014): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-03-2013-0014.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact on stock liquidity following the reduction of minimum tick size from $0.01 to $0.005 for a selection of dual-listed and property stocks on the New Zealand Exchange (NZX) during 2011. Design/methodology/approach – Various liquidity measures were examined six months either side of the change in minimum tick size for the eligible stocks and these were compared to a sample of stocks matched on similar liquidity characteristics. Liquidity measures examined in the paper include quoted and effective spread, volume, depth and binding-constraint probability. Findings – After controlling for firms matched on similar pre-period liquidity characteristics both spread and depth decline significantly. Evidence that small firms experience significant declines in trading activity was also found, and while firms with higher binding-constraints probability have greater declines in spread, their decline in depth is greater still. Research limitations/implications – The small sample of 17 stocks eligible for the $0.005 minimum tick size potentially impacts on the strength of the statistical analysis. As such, it is harder to detect statistically significant changes in liquidity. Practical implications – These findings have important implications for policymakers as the hoped for benefits of smaller tick increments may only be fully realized by larger more active stocks. Originality/value – The paper examines the impact of a change in minimum tick size on eligible New Zealand Exchange (NZX) stocks to determine whether it meet the stated NZX goal of boosting liquidity.

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Hui, Kwok Min, Xiaoyan Liu, Xin Feng, and Anthony Brickner. "Characterization of CENPM Isoform Expression, Intracellular Localization, and Potential Functional Interactions In Mature B-Cell Malignancies." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 2496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.2496.2496.

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Abstract Abstract 2496 The lymphoid-specific PANE1 human minor histocompatibility antigen (mHAg) is overexpressed in primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. The PANE1 mHAg peptide is encoded by an alternative transcript of the centromere protein M (CENPM) gene, and may be a desirable target for immunotherapy due to its lymphoid specificity, and hence its potential to instigate a graft-versus-leukemia effect with absent or mitigated graft-versus-host disease. While its immunotherapeutic potential is compelling, little is presently known about the expression, cellular localization, and functional role of CENPM isoforms. To gain further insight into CENPM isoform expression and function in B-lymphoid and other malignancies, we assessed these characteristics of the CENPM transcript encoding a 58 amino acid isoform encompassing the mHAg (referred to as CENPM-S), and the longer canonical 180 amino acid CENPM isoform (referred to as CENPM-L). These two isoforms share a common 46 amino acid C-terminus, and differ in that the N-terminal 134 amino acids of CENPM-L are substituted in CENPM-S by a 12 amino acid sequence containing the mHAg peptide, which is derived from a novel exonization event within the fifth intron of the canonical genomic sequence. The CENPM-L isoform has been shown to be a critical component of the centromeric protein complex on which the transient assembly of the kinetochore occurs during mitosis. We determined that the novel CENPM-S mHAg-encoding exon and its adjacent predicted alternative promoter (distinct from that of CENPM-L) is derived from a LINE2 non-LTR retrotransposon insertion. To better assess the types of lymphoid malignancies that could potentially serve as targets of a CENPM-S-specific immune response, we examined a diverse panel of primary CLL cells, lymphoid malignancies and lymphoma cell lines for the expression of CENPM-S and CENPM-L via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In accord with our previous results, highest levels of CENPM-S were observed in primary CLL cells. Within lymphoma cell lines, moderate levels of CENPM-S were seen in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells, and expression was detectable in only one out of four multiple myeloma cell lines surveyed. Within a panel of human lymphoma tumor samples, highest levels of CENPM-S were observed in marginal zone lymphoma, DLBCL, MCL, follicular lymphoma, and one peripheral T-cell lymphoma sample. Strikingly, the highest levels of CENPM-S and the lowest levels of CENPM-L were always observed specifically in primary CLL cells, and such high ratios of CENPM-S to CENPM-L expression were not observed in any other B-cell malignancy surveyed. These results suggest a profound transcriptional switch from the upstream canonical promoter to the putative LINE2 element-proximal CENPM-S alternative promoter, which occurs exclusively in CLL cells. In order to further elucidate the cellular localization and potential function of the CENPM-S and CENPM-L isoforms, we transiently transfected vectors encoding FLAG-tagged CENPM isoforms in HeLa cells. Transfected cells were subjected to subcellular fractionation followed by Western blot with anti-FLAG antibodies, which indicated CENPM-L localization to cytoplasmic, membrane, soluble nuclear, and cytoskeletal fractions, in accord with our observations of endogenous CENPM-L in Granta-519 MCL cells using CENPM-L-specific monoclonal antibody. In contrast, CENPM-S exhibited localization in cytoplasm and membrane and was present only weakly in the soluble nuclear fraction. Preliminary immunofluorescence microscopy data are in agreement with these patterns of intracellular localization. We are presently assessing CENPM isoforms for impact on cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis, in order to better understand their potential involvement in biological processes underlying CLL and other non-Hodgkins lymphomas. To further elucidate the potential functional role of CENPM-S in mature B-lymphocytes and mature B-lymphoid malignancies, we performed yeast two-hybrid library screening with a human bone marrow cDNA library to reveal putative interacting proteins. The non-muscle myosin protein, myosin IIA, was revealed as a strong candidate CENPM-S interacting protein. We have recently validated via sandwich ELISA an interaction between endogenous myosin IIA (within Granta-519 MCL cell extract) and recombinant CENPM-S. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Chen, Jiahao, Yingying Lian, Binbin Zhao, Jiayang Han, Xinyu Li, Jialin Wu, Mengwen Hou, et al. "Deciphering the Prognostic and Therapeutic Significance of Cell Cycle Regulator CENPF: A Potential Biomarker of Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment for Patients with Liposarcoma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8 (April 10, 2023): 7010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087010.

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Liposarcoma (LPS) is one of the most common subtypes of sarcoma with a high recurrence rate. CENPF is a regulator of cell cycle, differential expression of which has been shown to be related with various cancers. However, the prognostic value of CENPF in LPS has not been deciphered yet. Using data from TCGA and GEO datasets, the expression difference of CENPF and its effects on the prognosis or immune infiltration of LPS patients were analyzed. As results show, CENPF was significantly upregulated in LPS compared to normal tissues. Survival curves illustrated that high CENPF expression was significantly associated with adverse prognosis. Univariate and multivariate analysis suggested that CENPF expression could be an independent risk factor for LPS. CENPF was closely related to chromosome segregation, microtubule binding and cell cycle. Immune infiltration analysis elucidated a negative correlation between CENPF expression and immune score. In conclusion, CENPF not only could be considered as a potential prognostic biomarker but also a potential malignant indicator of immune infiltration-related survival for LPS. The elevated expression of CENPF reveals an unfavorable prognostic outcome and worse immune score. Thus, therapeutically targeting CENPF combined with immunotherapy might be an attractive strategy for the treatment of LPS.

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Uchida, Tetsuya, Fumiaki Iwaguro, Risa Yanai, and Haruka Dodo. "Preparation of cellulose nanofibers coated with poly(vinyl alcohol) crystals and their application in composite films." RSC Advances 7, no. 32 (2017): 19828–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra01062a.

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A preparation of CeNFs coated with PVA crystals was used to change the surface properties of the CeNFs in a way that would inhibit the aggregation of CeNFs, leading to the improvement of the dispersibility of CeNFs in composites.

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Salgado, Luciana. "Cenas da Enunciação." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 24, no. 1 (2008): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502008000100006.

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Pereira, Elvira Maria Caetano. "Colecionador de cenas." Revista Literária do Corpo Discente da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 27, no. 25 (January 31, 1994): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/0103-5878.27.25.14-20.

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Correia, Maraíza Labanca. "3 cenas (Texto)." Em Tese 19, no. 3 (December 31, 2013): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/1982-0739.19.3.216-219.

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Journal articles on the topic 'CeNPs'

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