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Journal articles on the topic 'Cenozoic'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 May 2024

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1

BERGGREN, WILLIAM A., DENNIS V. KENT, JOHN J. FLYNN, and JOHN A. VAN COUVERING. "Cenozoic geochronology." Geological Society of America Bulletin 96, no. 11 (1985): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<1407:cg>2.0.co;2.

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2

Sanfilippo, Annika. "Cenozoic Radiolaria." Short Courses in Paleontology 8 (1995): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000001422.

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Radiolarians are marine zooplankton possessing a tough, central capsular membrane that divides the cytoplasm into intracapsular (containing the nucleus, organelles, and food reserves) and extracapsular (with food-gathering rhizopodia and digestive vacuoles) portions (Figure 1). They bear two kinds of pseudopodia, the axopodia and filopodia. The axopodia extend radially through the ectoplasm and capsular membrane to the interior of the endoplasm. The axopodia are inserted into a special structure, the axoplast (Figure 1). The development of the axoplast and its complex is of fundamental importance in radiolarian taxonomy. For a detailed description of radiolarian cytology, biology, and reproduction, see Anderson (1983).

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3

Bose, Kanishka, Shiladri S. Das, and Subhronil Mondal. "An updated generic classification of Cenozoic pleurotomariid gastropods, with new records from the Oligocene and early Miocene of India." Journal of Paleontology 95, no. 4 (March 3, 2021): 763–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2021.4.

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AbstractAlthough taxonomically distinct, the Cenozoic pleurotomariids are the bottlenecked remnants of the Mesozoic members of the family in terms of morphology, with only conical forms surviving the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Here, we propose an updated classification scheme for the Cenozoic representatives of this group, based on data from the entire Cenozoic pleurotomariid fossil record. We consider all conventional as well as several new characters so that this scheme can readily help to distinguish Cenozoic pleurotomariid genera. Following the new classification scheme, a revision of the generic status of Cenozoic species previously assigned to ‘Pleurotomaria’ Defrance, 1826 is presented.Only a few Cenozoic pleurotomariid gastropods have been reported from the Indian subcontinent. Here we report four species from the Oligocene of the Kutch Basin and the early Miocene (Burdigalian) of the Dwarka Basin of Gujarat, western India, of which two are described as new: Perotrochus bermotiensis n. sp., Entemnotrochus kathiawarensis n. sp., Entemnotrochus cf. E. bianconii, and Entemnotrochus? sp. 1.UUID: http://zoobank.org/89b6ff67-2834-477f-862b-67691104aca4

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4

Fluegeman, Richard H. "Unresolved issues in Cenozoic chronostratigraphy." Stratigraphy 4, no. 2-3 (2007): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29041/strat.04.2.04.

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Cenozoic chronostratigraphy has been an active area of research over the past 50 years. The expanding search for energy and the development of international scientific drilling have resulted in a wealth of stratigraphic data. Many issues in Cenozoic chronostratigraphy, however, remain unresolved. For example, of the 18 recognized stages within the Cenozoic, only 9 have a ratified Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP). Only the Pliocene Series has all of its component stages defined by GSSPs. Good progress has been made on the remaining 9 stages. Almost all have guide events identified which should serve for correlation and many have candidate sections which may serve as GSSPs. The outlook is good for the ratification of all Cenozoic GSSPs within several years but the target date of 2008 may be too optimistic. At least three other unresolved issues dealing with Cenozoic chronostratigraphy need further discussion and research. They include the status and chronostratigraphic rank of the Tertiary, the stage nomenclature at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary, and the “decapitationâ€ of the historic Priabonian Stage. The unresolved GSSPs represent an immediate concern. The stability of correlations within the Cenozoic depends on the establishment and maintenance of GSSPs. Future work on Cenozoic Earth history will be enhanced by the completion of this task.

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5

Genshaft, Yu S., and A. Ya Saltykovskiy. "Mongolia Cenozoic volcanism." Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 2, no. 2 (September 15, 2000): 153–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2205/2000es000038.

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6

KIESSLING, W., D. LAZARUS, and U. ZELLER. "Mesozoic–Cenozoic bioevents." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 214, no. 3 (November 18, 2004): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(04)00419-5.

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7

Pimm, S. "ECOLOGY: Cenozoic Dramas." Science 292, no. 5523 (June 8, 2001): 1841–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1061184.

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8

Sirenko, Olena A., and Olena A. Shevchuk. "Levels of changes in the genus Pinus Linné in the composition of Mesozoic and Cenozoic flora and vegetation as an additional criterion for the division of sediments by the Mesozoic and Cenozoic of Ukraine." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 30, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): 741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112168.

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The article presents an analysis of a large array of results of palynological studies of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments of Ukraine and adjacent regions of Belarus and Russia. Numerous literature data on the palynological characteristics of Meso-Cenozoic sediments and the materials of the authors are summarized according to the results of spore-pollen analysis of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments within the main tectonic structures of Ukraine. It has been established that the genus Pinus (Pinaceae) is an integral part of the Meso-Cenozoic flora of Ukraine. Although, the participation in the flora and vegetation of the genus Pinus and its species diversity in different periods of geological time were different. Despite the long history and significant achievements of palynological research of Meso-Cenozoic sediments of Ukraine, no attention has been paid to the historical aspect of Pinus development in the Meso-Cenozoic flora. This work is presented as the first stem to fill this gap. The genus Pinus has a large stratigraphic range, but its species diversity and quantitative changes in the composition of Mesozoic and Cenozoic flora of different ages are markedly different. The analysis of these changes made it possible to trace the emergence and main levels at which the species composition was renewed and the role of Pinus in flora increased during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. According to the results of the research, 5 levels of increasing the participation of the genus Pinus and changes in its species affiliation in the Mesozoic flora were established: Aalenian period of the Middle Jurassic (appearance of the first representatives of Pinus); Oxfordian time of the Late Jurassic; Valanginian – Early Barremian times of the Early Cretaceous; Albian time of the Early Cretaceous; Late Campanian time of the Late Cretaceous. 5 levels of increasing the role of Pinus and its species diversity for the flora and vegetation of the Cenozoic were also established: Oligocene time of the Paleogene, Konkian-early Sarmatian time of the Middle Miocene; early Pontian (Ivankov) time of the Late Miocene; early Kimmerian time (early Sevastopol) of the Early Pliocene and Martonosha time of the Early Neopleistocene. Certain levels have been traced for the similar age of Cenozoic flora of Belarus and Russia.

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9

Hendy, Austin J. W. "The influence of lithification on Cenozoic marine biodiversity trends." Paleobiology 35, no. 1 (2009): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/07047.1.

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Recent research has corroborated the long-held view that the diversity of genera within benthic marine communities has increased from the Paleozoic to the Cenozoic as much as three- to fourfold, after mitigating for such biasing influences as secular variation in time-averaging and environmental coverage. However, these efforts have not accounted for the considerable increase in the availability of unlithified fossiliferous sediments in strata of late Mesozoic and Cenozoic age. Analyses presented here on the Cenozoic fossil record of New Zealand demonstrate that unlithified sediments not only increase the amount of fossil material and hence the observed diversity therein, but they also preserve a pool of taxa that is compositionally distinct from lithified sediments. The implication is that a large component of the difference in estimates of within-community diversity between Paleozoic and Cenozoic assemblages may relate to the increased availability of unlithified sediments in the Cenozoic.

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10

Zhou, Tian Wei, Ze Hong Cui, Hai Hui Ming, Hai Long Xu, and Yu Xia Xin. "Late Cenozoic Faults and Shallow Oil Accumulation in the Nanpu Sag." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.129.

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The Nanpu Sag, located in the north part of Huanghua Depression of Bohai Bay Basin, is a Cenozoic petroliferous extensional sag, the shallow oil reservoirs have great exploration potential. Former exploration suggested that there is complex relationship between Late cenozoic faults and hydrocarbon accumulation, but there is no detailed discussion. Based on the structural interpretation of 3D seismic data, the Late Cenozoic fault characters including typical fault configuration in profile and fault arrays in plane are analyzed, furthermore, the formation mechanism of the faults is discussed. It is concluded that late Cenozoic faults were formed by extension other than strike-slip movement, which was controlled by the mechanism of pure shear in the lower crust during the period. In addition, the relationship between Late Cenozoic faults and shallow hydrocarbon accumulation is discussed, it indicates that the faults controlled the formation of shallow closures and constituted the effective hydrocarbon pathways connecting deep source rock and shallow traps.

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11

Maevskaya, Anna, Nikolay Sheshko, Natalia Shpendik, and Maksim Bogdasarov. "Structural geological mapping of the Cenozoic sediments of the Brest region using GIS technologies." E3S Web of Conferences 212 (2020): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021201010.

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Cenozoic sediments of the territory of the Brest region is the object of research in this work. The aim of this work is to detail the structure of the Cenozoic stratigraphic deposits by creating a set of structural geological maps. The process of creating maps included several sequential stages implemented using the ArcGIS 10.5 software product. In general, a set of maps for each period of the Cenozoic era was made according to the implemented method. As a result of mapping, the features of the geological structure of the Cenozoic sediments were detailed (based on the use of the most complete materials on the drilling exploration of the territory during the construction). The use of geoinformation systems in the process of building will allow for quick updating of cartographic materials in the future.

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12

Japsen, Peter, Erik S. Rasmussen, Paul F. Green, Lars Henrik Nielsen, and Torben Bidstrup. "Cenozoic palaeogeography and isochores predating the Neogene exhumation of the eastern North Sea Basin." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 15 (July 10, 2008): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v15.5035.

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Denmark is a key region for studies of the Cenozoic development of Scandinavia because Paleocene to Upper Miocene sediments crop out across the country and because it is possible to correlate these occurrences with the up to 3 km thick Cenozoic succession of the North Sea Basin. However, the reason why the Cenozoic deposits occur close to the surface of the Earth in Denmark is that the sediments have been exhumed from their cover of younger rocks. This implies that a reconstruction of the Cenozoic development across Denmark – involving both burial and exhumation – must rely on sedimentological and seismic studies of preserved sediments as well as on physical parameters that may yield evidence of the postdepositional history of the sediments now at the surface. Only if the burial and exhumation history of the basins can be deciphered is it possible to infer the geological development in the Scandinavian hinterland where Cenozoic sediments are rarely preserved. We have identified four Mesozoic–Cenozoic palaeothermal phases related to burial and subsequent exhumation, and one phase reflecting climate change during the Eocene. This is based on new apatite fission-track analyses (AFTA) and vitrinite reflectance data from eight Danish wells (Japsen et al. 2007a). The study combined thermal history reconstruction with exhumation studies based on palaeoburial (sonic velo city), stratigraphic and seismic data (cf. Japsen & Bidstrup 1999; Green et al.2002; Nielsen 2003; Rasmussen 2004; Japsen et al. 2007b). Two of the exhumation phases occurred during the mid-Jurassic and the mid-Cretaceous. In this study we focus on the Cenozoic development and on the early and late Neogene exhumation phases during which up to 1 km of sediments were removed across most of the Danish region (Fig. 1).

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13

Xu, Wen-Liang, Jia-Hui Chen, Ai-Hua Weng, Jie Tang, Feng Wang, Chun-Guang Wang, Peng Guo, Yi-Ni Wang, Hao Yang, and Andrey A. Sorokin. "Stagnant slab front within the mantle transition zone controls the formation of Cenozoic intracontinental high-Mg andesites in northeast Asia." Geology 49, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47917.1.

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Abstract The geochemistry of Cenozoic intracontinental high-Mg andesites (HMAs) in northeast Asia, together with regional geophysical data, offers an opportunity to explore the genetic relationship between the formation of intracontinental HMAs and subduction of the Pacific plate. Compared with primary HMAs in arcs, Cenozoic intracontinental HMAs in northeast Asia have lower Mg# [100 × Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)] values (53–56) and CaO contents (5.8–6.6 wt%), higher alkali (Na2O + K2O) contents (5.15–6.45 wt%), and enriched Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7056–0.7059; εNd = −4.9 to −3.4; εHf = −4.7 to −2.6) as well as lower Pb isotope ratios (206Pb/204Pb = 16.76–19.19; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.42–15.45; 208Pb/204Pb = 36.71–37.11). These Cenozoic intracontinental HMAs are similar to Cenozoic potassic basalts in northeast China with respect to their Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic compositions but have higher SiO2 and Al2O3 contents and lower K2O, MgO, and light rare earth element contents. These features indicate that these Cenozoic intracontinental HMAs originated from the mantle, where recycled ancient sediments and water contributed to partial melting of peridotite. Combined with the presence of a large low-resistivity anomaly derived from the mantle transition zone (MTZ) near these intracontinental HMAs, and their occurrence above the stagnant slab front within the MTZ (at 600 km depth) in northeast Asia, we conclude that the stagnant slab front, with high contents of recycled ancient sediments and water, has controlled the formation of Cenozoic intracontinental HMAs in northeast Asia.

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14

Gordon, Richard G., and Donna M. Jurdy. "Cenozoic global plate motions." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 91, B12 (November 10, 1986): 12389–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb091ib12p12389.

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15

Beerling, David J., and Dana L. Royer. "Convergent Cenozoic CO2 history." Nature Geoscience 4, no. 7 (June 30, 2011): 418–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1186.

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16

Pires, D. "Cenozoic L. A. Stories." Science 330, no. 6000 (September 30, 2010): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1195845.

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17

Hall, Robert. "Reconstructing Cenozoic SE Asia." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 106, no. 1 (1996): 153–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1996.106.01.11.

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18

Lipman, Peter W. "Cenozoic Geology of Idaho." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 66, no. 36 (1985): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo066i036p00630-01.

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19

Carminati, Eugenio, Marco Cuffaro, and Carlo Doglioni. "Cenozoic uplift of Europe." Tectonics 28, no. 4 (August 2009): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009tc002472.

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20

YALDEN, D. W. "Cenozoic Mammals of Africa." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163, no. 1 (August 19, 2011): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00744.x.

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21

Lithgow-Bertelloni, C., and Mark A. Richards. "Cenozoic plate driving forces." Geophysical Research Letters 22, no. 11 (June 1, 1995): 1317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95gl01325.

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22

Fox, Richard C. "The oldest Cenozoic mammal?" Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22, no. 2 (July 8, 2002): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0456:tocm]2.0.co;2.

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23

TAVIANI, MARCO, BRUNO SABELLI, and FRANCO CANDINI. "A fossil Cenozoic monoplacophoran." Lethaia 23, no. 2 (April 1990): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1990.tb01361.x.

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24

Clarke, J. D. A., and C. F. Pain. "Australian Cenozoic continental sediments." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, sup1 (July 2009): S1—S4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090902870756.

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25

Anonymous. "Mesozoic and Cenozoic Oceans." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 69, no. 1 (1988): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/88eo00009.

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26

Branagan, David. "Australia – a Cenozoic history." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 301, no. 1 (2008): 189–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp301.14.

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27

Ziegler, Peter A. "European Cenozoic rift system." Tectonophysics 208, no. 1-3 (July 1992): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(92)90338-7.

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28

Young, J. R., and P. R. Bown. "Cenozoic calcareous nannoplankton classification." Journal of Nannoplankton Research 19, no. 1 (1997): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.58998/jnr2278.

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29

Wei, W., and A. Peleo-Alampay. "Updated Cenozoic Nannofossil Magnetobiochronology." Journal of Nannoplankton Research 15, no. 1 (1993): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.58998/nina2264.

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30

Bai, Ying, Hong Liang Wang, Qian Ru Li, and Peng Wu. "Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution and Controlling Factor on Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Southern East China Sea Shelf Basin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 1908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.1908.

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The East China Sea shelf basin, which is a fault subsidence during the Cenozoic Era, locates in the East China Sea continental shelf. In this paper, balanced section technique has been applied to analyzing the differential evolution in the East China Sea shelf basin south of Cenozoic tectonic and summarizing the control factors of tectonic activities on the petroleum accumulation. Our study results will provide essential data and basis for the distribution of the Cenozoic oil and gas and promote the development of the petroleum exploration in the East China Sea shelf basin.

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31

Prokhorova, P. N., E. P. Razvozzhaeva, and V. I. Isaev. "TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODEL-BASED PROGNOSTICATION OF OIL AND GAS RESOURCE POTENTIAL IN CENOZOIC STRATA OF THE SANJIANG-MIDDLE AMUR SEDIMENTARY BASIN." Tikhookeanskaya Geologiya 41, no. 5 (2022): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30911/0207-4028-2022-41-5-71-81.

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The oil and gas potential of Cenozoic strata in the Sanjiang-Middle Amur sedimentary basin was assessed on the basis of two-dimensional spatiotemporal digital models. The obtained results indicate that there are favorable conditions for the formation of gas in the southwestern part of the Pereyaslavsky graben and for the formation of oil and gas in its northeastern part most affected by subsidence. The main sources of hydrocarbons in the Cenozoic complex of the Pereyaslavsky graben are the Birofeldskaya and Chernorechenskaya formations. Cenozoic deposits within the Nongjiang sag also generate hydrocarbons.

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32

Prokhorova, P. N. "GEOTEMPERATURE 2D-MODELS OF CENOZOIC HYDROCARBON GENERATION CENTERS OF THE SANJIANG-MIDDLE AMUR BASIN." Regional problems 25, no. 3 (2022): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2022-25-3-88-90.

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The oil and gas potential of the Cenozoic deposits of the Sanjiang-Middle Amur sedimentary basin was assessed on the basis of two-dimensional spacial-temporal digital models. The obtained results show that favorable conditions for gas formation are in the southwestern part of the Pereyaslav graben, while both oil and gas formation is characteristic of its northeastern part. The Birofeldsky and Chernorechensky centers in the Cenozoic complex of the Pereyaslavsky graben are the main sources of hydrocarbons. Cenozoic deposits within the Nongjiang graben currently also generate hydrocarbons.

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33

Tomescu, Alexandru M. F. "The Early Cretaceous Apple Bay flora of Vancouver Island: a hotspot of fossil bryophyte diversity." Botany 94, no. 9 (September 2016): 683–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2016-0054.

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The pre-Cenozoic bryophyte fossil record is significantly sparser than that of vascular plants or Cenozoic bryophytes. This situation has been traditionally attributed to a hypothesized low preservation potential of the plants. However, instances of excellent pre-Cenozoic bryophyte preservation and the results of experiments simulating fossilization contradict this traditional interpretation, suggesting that bryophytes have good preservation potential. Studies of an anatomically preserved Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) plant fossil assemblage on Vancouver Island (British Columbia), at Apple Bay, focusing on the cryptogamic flora, have revealed an abundant bryophyte component. The Apple Bay flora hosts one of the most diverse bryophyte assemblages worldwide, with at least nine distinct moss types (polytrichaceous, leucobryaceous, tricostate), one complex thalloid liverwort, and two other thalloid plants (representing bryophyte or pteridophyte gametophytes), which contribute a significant fraction of biodiversity to the pre-Cenozoic fossil record of bryophytes. These results (i) corroborate previous observations and studies, indicating that the preservation potential of bryophytes is much better than traditionally thought; (ii) indicate that the bryophyte fossil record is incompletely explored and many more bryophyte fossils are hidden in the rock record, awaiting discovery; and (iii) suggest that the paucity of the pre-Cenozoic bryophyte fossil record is primarily a reflection of inadequate paleobryological capacity.

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34

MAKARKIN, VLADIMIR N., EVGENY E. PERKOVSKY, LEONID N. ANISYUTKIN, and DMITRY A. DUBOVIKOFF. "First larvae of Raphidioptera from Eocene Sakhalinian and Rovno ambers." Zootaxa 5219, no. 5 (December 13, 2022): 456–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.5.4.

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We describe two larvae of Raphidioptera probably belonging to different genera of Raphidiidae, the first recorded from middle Eocene Sakhalinian amber and late Eocene Rovno amber. The Sakhalinian larva is the first confirmed representative of Raphidioptera from the Cenozoic of Asia, and most probably the oldest larvae of an extant family of the order. The Rovno amber larva is the first European Cenozoic immature raphidiopteran found outside of Russo-Scandia. The terrestrial insect assemblage of the Sakhalinian amber forest is discussed, including snakeflies. An abundance of aphids and rarity of ants distinguishes this assemblage from other Cenozoic amber faunas.

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35

Baker, T. "Gold ± Copper Endowment and Deposit Diversity in the Western Tethyan Magmatic Belt, Southeast Europe: Implications for Exploration." Economic Geology 114, no. 7 (November 1, 2019): 1237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4643.

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Abstract Major Au and Cu deposits in the Western Tethyan magmatic belt formed during two main periods of Cretaceous and Cenozoic magmatism. The Cretaceous deposits are dominantly Cu-Au porphyry, high-sulfidation epithermal, and volcanic massive sulfide deposits, whereas in the Cenozoic Cu is significant only in porphyry systems. However, the Cenozoic contains approximately three times greater total Au endowment (for Au deposits >0.5 million ounces), and also has a greater deposit diversity, including porphyry Au-Cu and Au-only deposits, high-, intermediate-, and low-sulfidation epithermal Au systems, and Au-rich carbonate replacement and sediment-hosted styles. The differences in endowment and deposit styles likely reflect regional-scale tectono-magmatic processes as well as local preservation and emplacement levels. The Cu ± Au endowment of the Cretaceous is consistent with typical subduction-related arc environments and generation of calc-alkaline porphyry to high-sulfidation epithermal systems, whereas Au enrichment related to Cenozoic magmatism appears to be related to high-K calc-alkalic to shoshonitic compositions. In many of the Au-rich Cenozoic magmatic belts, there is geochemical evidence for sourcing subcontinental lithospheric mantle that was previously enriched by Cretaceous subduction-related metasomatism. Additional differences in Au endowment may reflect the preservation of shallow-level systems in the Cenozoic, particularly for the Au-rich Miocene porphyry deposits such as Kışladağ and Bierly Vrch and the Apuseni porphyry Au-Cu deposits. However, in both the Cretaceous and Cenozoic, crustal exposure levels vary across the belt and cannot explain all the differences in Cu and Au endowment. A compilation of exploration discovery methods highlights the importance of historic workings in addition to geochemistry and geology as an initial vector, whereas geophysics has had limited involvement in direct discovery, primarily due to its limited application historically. Geologic models for well-understood systems such as porphyry and proximal epithermal systems provide excellent guides for explorers; however, more distal deposits such as Au-rich carbonate replacement deposits and deposits with poorly constrained models such as sedimentary rock-hosted and intermediate-sulfidation deposits are more challenging for exploration.

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36

Khasmaral, Togtokh, Bars Amarjargal, Laicheng Miao, Baatar Munkhtsengel, and Anaad Chimedtseren. "Geochemical comparison of late Mesozoic and early Cenozoic volcanic rocks in South Mongolia." Mongolian Geoscientist, no. 49 (October 13, 2019): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mgs.v0i49.1223.

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The Mesozoic-Cenozoic volcanic rocks are widely distributed in the interior of the East Asia and document the tectonic transition of East Asia. We present new geochronology and geochemistry data of late Cretaceous-early Cenozoic basalts in Bayantsagaan and Han-Uul volcanic provinces in South Mongolia, in order to explore their petrogenesis and geodynamic settings. The volcanic rocks in the Bayantsagaan and Han-Uul field yielded K-Ar ages of 90.55±1.93 Ma and 55.49±1.49 Ma, respectively. The volcanic rocks in South Mongolia can be subdivided into to alkaline basalts and tholeiitic series, and are characterized by ocean island basalts (OIB) trace elements features, such as enrichment of light REE relative to heavy REE and enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) with positive K anomaly. Compared with the late Cretaceous, the early Cenozoic basalts show a decrease in the contents of HREE and an increase of Nb and Ta. Crustal contamination and fractional crystallization are insignificant in the genesis of late Cretaceous-early Cenozoic basalts South Mongolia. The available Sr-Nd isotope results indicate that a mixing depleted (DM) and enriched mantle (EM) signature characterize in late Cretaceous volcanic rocks, which derived from magmas from the asthenosphere with some contributions of metasomatized subcontinent lithospheric mantle, whereas the early Cenozoic basalts are ascribed to contributions from the asthenospheric mantle. We propose that the generation of the late Cretaceous-early Cenozoic volcanism (90-40 Ma) in Mongolia is probably related to the shallow mantle upwelling (asthenosphere) induced by the edge convection along the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), triggered by a far-field effect of Indo-Asian collision.

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Treloar, Peter J., Richard M. Palin, and Michael P. Searle. "Towards resolving the metamorphic enigma of the Indian Plate in the NW Himalaya of Pakistan." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 483, no. 1 (2019): 255–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp483-2019-22.

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AbstractThe Pakistan part of the Himalaya has major differences in tectonic evolution compared with the main Himalayan range to the east of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis. There is no equivalent of the Tethyan Himalaya sedimentary sequence south of the Indus–Tsangpo suture zone, no equivalent of the Main Central Thrust, and no Miocene metamorphism and leucogranite emplacement. The Kohistan Arc was thrust southward onto the leading edge of continental India. All rocks exposed to the south of the arc in the footwall of the Main Mantle Thrust preserve metamorphic histories. However, these do not all record Cenozoic metamorphism. Basement rocks record Paleo-Proterozoic metamorphism with no Cenozoic heating; Neo-Proterozoic through Cambrian sediments record Ordovician ages for peak kyanite and sillimanite grade metamorphism, although Ar–Ar data indicate a Cenozoic thermal imprint which did not reset the peak metamorphic assemblages. The only rocks that clearly record Cenozoic metamorphism are Upper Paleozoic through Mesozoic cover sediments. Thermobarometric data suggest burial of these rocks along a clockwise pressure–temperature path to pressure–temperature conditions of c. 10–11 kbar and c. 700°C. Resolving this enigma is challenging but implies downward heating into the Indian plate, coupled with later development of unconformity parallel shear zones that detach Upper Paleozoic–Cenozoic cover rocks from Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic basement rocks and also detach those rocks from the Paleoproterozoic basement.

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Bellwood, David R. "Origins and escalation of herbivory in fishes: a functional perspective." Paleobiology 29, no. 1 (2003): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029<0071:oaeohi>2.0.co;2.

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One of the central goals in paleoecology is to understand the nature and consequences of biotic interactions. In marine systems, it has been argued that one of the major steps in the escalation of biotic interactions was marked by the origins of grazing fishes in the Cenozoic. Here I investigate the origins of herbivory and grazing in marine fishes using analyses of functional morphospace. Closing and opening lever ratios and relative length of the lower jaw are used to construct a plot of functional morphospace, a quantitative description of the potential feeding modes of fishes. Four fish faunas were examined, spanning the Mesozoic and Cenozoic (Triassic, Jurassic, Eocene and Recent). All three fossil faunas are from conservation Lagerstätten in the central Tethys, in the vicinity of coral reefs or coral-bearing hardgrounds. Changes in functional morphospace occupation reveal a marked shift in the Cenozoic, with the appearance of fishes with relatively small forceful jaws. In Recent faunas, this functional morphospace is occupied almost exclusively by grazing herbivores. This taxon-independent morphological signal of herbivory was lacking in the Mesozoic faunas, was first recorded in the Eocene, and persisted throughout the Cenozoic. This suggests that the Cenozoic did indeed witness the appearance and proliferation of herbivory and grazing by marine fishes. The arrival of these piscine herbivores had the potential to fundamentally alter the dynamics of benthic marine communities.

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Favorito, Daniel A., and Eric Seedorff. "Cenozoic structural evolution of the Catalina metamorphic core complex and reassembly of Laramide reverse faults, southeastern Arizona, USA." Geosphere 17, no. 6 (October 12, 2021): 1928–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02313.1.

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Abstract This study investigates the Late Cretaceous through mid-Cenozoic structural evolution of the Catalina core complex and adjacent areas by integrating new geologic mapping, structural analysis, and geochronologic data. Multiple generations of normal faults associated with mid-Cenozoic extensional deformation cut across older reverse faults that formed during the Laramide orogeny. A proposed stepwise, cross-sectional structural reconstruction of mid-Cenozoic extension satisfies surface geologic and reflection seismologic constraints, balances, and indicates that detachment faults played no role in the formation of the core complex and Laramide reverse faults represent major thick-skinned structures. The orientations of the oldest synextensional strata, pre-shortening normal faults, and pre-Cenozoic strata unaffected by Laramide compression indicate that rocks across most of the study area were steeply tilted east since the mid-Cenozoic. Crosscutting relations between faults and synextensional strata reveal that sequential generations of primarily down-to-the-west, mid-Cenozoic normal faults produced the net eastward tilting of ∼60°. Restorations of the balanced cross section demonstrate that Cenozoic normal faults were originally steeply dipping and resulted in an estimated 59 km or 120% extension across the study area. Representative segments of those gently dipping faults are exposed at shallow, intermediate (∼5–10 km), and deep structural levels (∼10–20 km), as distinguished by the nature of deformation in the exhumed footwall, and these segments all restore to high angles, which indicates that they were not listric. Offset on major normal faults does not exceed 11 km, as opposed to tens of kilometers of offset commonly ascribed to “detachment” faults in most interpretations of this and other Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes. Once mid-Cenozoic extension is restored, reverse faults with moderate to steep original dips bound basement-cored uplifts that exhibit significant involvement of basement rocks. Net vertical uplift from all reverse faults is estimated to be 9.4 km, and estimated total shortening was 12 km or 20%. This magnitude of uplift is consistent with the vast exposure of metamorphosed and foliated cover strata in the northeastern and eastern Santa Catalina and Rincon Mountains and with the distribution of subsequently dismembered mid-Cenozoic erosion surfaces along the San Pedro Valley. New and existing geochronologic data constrain the timing of offset on local reverse faults to ca. 75–54 Ma. The thick-skinned style of Laramide shortening in the area is consistent with the structure of surrounding locales. Because detachment faults do not appear to have resulted in the formation of the Catalina core complex, other extensional systems that have been interpreted within the context of detachments may require further structural analyses including identification of crosscutting relations between generations of normal faults and palinspastic reconstructions.

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Lipman, Peter W. "Raising the West: Mid-Cenozoic Colorado-plano related to subvolcanic batholith assembly in the Southern Rocky Mountains (USA)?" Geology 49, no. 9 (June 3, 2021): 1107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g48963.1.

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Abstract The Southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado, United States, have the highest regional elevation in North America, but present-day crustal thickness (∼42–47 km) is no greater than for the adjacent, topographically lower High Plains and Colorado Plateau. The chemistry of continental-arc rocks of the mid-Cenozoic Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, calibrated to compositions and Moho depths at young arcs, suggests that paleocrustal thickness may have been 20%–35% greater than at present and elevations accordingly higher. Thick mid-Cenozoic Rocky Mountain crust and high paleo-elevations, comparable to those inferred for the Nevadaplano farther west in the United States from analogous volcanic chemistry, could be consistent with otherwise-perplexing evidence for widespread rapid erosion during volcanism. Variable mid-Cenozoic crustal thickening and uplift could have resulted from composite batholith growth during volcanism, superimposed on prior crustal thickening during early Cenozoic (Laramide) compression. Alternatively, the arc–crustal thickness calibration may be inappropriate for high-potassium continental arcs, in which case other published interpretations using similar methods may also be unreliable.

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Vetrov, Evgeny V., Johan De Grave, Natalia I. Vetrova, Fedor I. Zhimulev, Simon Nachtergaele, Gerben Van Ranst, and Polina I. Mikhailova. "Tectonic Evolution of the SE West Siberian Basin (Russia): Evidence from Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology of Its Exposed Crystalline Basement." Minerals 11, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11060604.

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The West Siberian Basin (WSB) is one of the largest intracratonic Meso-Cenozoic basins in the world. Its evolution has been studied over the recent decades; however, some fundamental questions regarding the tectonic evolution of the WSB remain unresolved or unconfirmed by analytical data. A complete understanding of the evolution of the WSB during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras requires insights into the cooling history of the basement rocks as determined by low-temperature thermochronometry. We presented an apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronology study on the exposed parts of the WSB basement in order to distinguish tectonic activation episodes in an absolute timeframe. AFT dating of thirteen basement samples mainly yielded Cretaceous cooling ages and mean track lengths varied between 12.8 and 14.5 μm. Thermal history modeling based on the AFT data demonstrates several Mesozoic and Cenozoic intracontinental tectonic reactivation episodes affected the WSB basement. We interpreted the episodes of tectonic activity accompanied by the WSB basement exhumation as a far-field effect from tectonic processes acting on the southern and eastern boundaries of Eurasia during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic eras.

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42

Sutanto, Himawan. "APPLICATION OF OLEANANE AND STERANE INDEX FOR BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC AGE DETERMINATION: EXAMPLES FROM KANGEAN OILS, NORTHEAST JAVA BASIN." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 37, no. 1 (February 14, 2022): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.37.1.618.

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Northeast Java Basin is known as mature Cenozoic basin, yet this understanding override possibility ofsediment older than Cenozoic. This thoughthas brought current exploration strategy of this basin concerningwithin only Cenozoic sediments. Therefore, it is believed that the source rock in this basin was also derivedfrom Cenozoic sediments, especially the Ngimbang Formation, which was formed during Late Eoceneto Early Oligocene in the stage of Early Synrift. On the other hand, the occurrence of Alisporites sp haspointed Cretaceous sediments is a potential source rock. However, it is still debatable due to the presence ofAlisporites similis in Serawak Basin of Malaysia, which is present until Paleocene. Three crude oils from theKangean oil fi eldNortheast Java Basin, namely NEJB-748, NEJB-749 and NEJB-750have been investigatedusing gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).Kangean oils areclassifi ed as mixed oil with organic matter originated from marine and terrestrial deposited under oxidizingand reducing conditions. Moreover, Kangean oils show very low oleanane and steraneindexthat may leadus to the conclusion that the oils were originated from Cretaceous source rock.

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43

Pyenson, Nicholas D., and Geerat J. Vermeij. "The rise of ocean giants: maximum body size in Cenozoic marine mammals as an indicator for productivity in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans." Biology Letters 12, no. 7 (July 2016): 20160186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0186.

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Large consumers have ecological influence disproportionate to their abundance, although this influence in food webs depends directly on productivity. Evolutionary patterns at geologic timescales inform expectations about the relationship between consumers and productivity, but it is very difficult to track productivity through time with direct, quantitative measures. Based on previous work that used the maximum body size of Cenozoic marine invertebrate assemblages as a proxy for benthic productivity, we investigated how the maximum body size of Cenozoic marine mammals, in two feeding guilds, evolved over comparable temporal and geographical scales. First, maximal size in marine herbivores remains mostly stable and occupied by two different groups (desmostylians and sirenians) over separate timeframes in the North Pacific Ocean, while sirenians exclusively dominated this ecological mode in the North Atlantic. Second, mysticete whales, which are the largest Cenozoic consumers in the filter-feeding guild, remained in the same size range until a Mio-Pliocene onset of cetacean gigantism. Both vertebrate guilds achieved very large size only recently, suggesting that different trophic mechanisms promoting gigantism in the oceans have operated in the Cenozoic than in previous eras.

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Cheremnykh, A. V., and I. K. Dekabryov. "Faults of the Pre-Baikal submontane trough (Siberian Platform): Structural-genetic analysis." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 22, no. 6 (January 6, 2023): 783–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2022-22-6-783-795.

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Research subject. The pre-Baikal submontane trough is located in the eastern part of the Irkutsk Amphitheater of the Siberian Platform, stretching for 600 km in a north-easterly direction. The trough started to form in the Mesozoic on the Paleozoic folded base and continued in the Cenozoic. The trough is characterized by a complex structure of shafts and deflections complicated by ruptures.Aim. To investigate the insufficiently studied ruptures of the platform cover, which are difficult to map due to minor displacements of their wings.Materials and methods. The method of specialized mapping of crustal fault zones based on a analysis genetically related of ruptures families was used. A network of 18 points of geological and structural observations in rocks of different ages of the sedimentary cover was created.Results. A rank structural-genetic analysis of fractures mapped in rocks of different ages and composition revealed specific features associated with the gradual development of the trough. The ruptures identified in the rocks of the pre-Cenozoic cover of the platform satisfy the parageneses of the compression zone, the dextral strike-slip zone and the extension zone of the north-eastern strike. Deformations in Cenozoic sediments belong to the parageneses of dextral strike-slip zone and the extension zone. These parageneses consist of strike-slip and normal faults.Conclusions. The Cenozoic Pre-Baikal submontane trough was formed under strike-slip and extension conditions. The compression stage is highlighted in the Pre-Cenozoic base.

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45

Balatka, Břetislav, and Jan Kalvoda. "Evolution of Quaternary river terraces related to the uplift of the central part of the Bohemian Massif." Geografie 113, no. 3 (2008): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2008113030205.

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Fluvial sediments in the Vltava, Berounka, Sázava and Labe valleys are preserved as extensive river terrace sequences. These accumulation terraces originated from an interaction of climate-morphogenetic and neotectonic processes in the late Cenozoic. The palaeogeographical history of the central part of the Bohemian Massif is described. Geomorphological analysis of late Cenozoic fluvial sediments preserved in the Bohemian Massif confirm that in total 7 main terrace accumulations with several secondary levels can be differentiated. A chronostratigraphical scheme of erosion and accumulation periods and their relations to variable uplift rates in the late Cenozoic is suggested. The relative height of the oldest fluvial terraces above the present-day bottoms of river valleys is more than 100 m which indicates the approximate depth of erosion in the Quaternary.

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Gillis, Erin, Richard Wright, Victoria Mitchell, and Nick Montevecchi. "Definition of the Churchill River Delta and its petroleum potential, offshore Labrador, Canada." Interpretation 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): SH19—SH32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2019-0091.1.

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Starting in 2011, a multiyear modern 2D long offset broadband seismic survey was acquired offshore Labrador, Canada, by TGS and PGS in partnership with Nalcor Energy. This regional survey covers the slope and deepwater portions of the margin. Three Mesozoic and Cenozoic-aged basins were informally defined from these data, the Chidley, Henley, and Holton; also, the poorly constrained Hawke Basin was remapped. The 2D data set imaged for the first time a very large Cenozoic-aged delta adjacent to the mouth of Lake Melville. We have mapped this delta on a [Formula: see text] 2D seismic grid. The delta is 5–8 km thick, and its aerial extent is [Formula: see text]. The age of this delta has been interpreted to be Eocene to Miocene. Adjacent to this Cenozoic delta on the Labrador shelf, there is a working petroleum system within the proximal Hopedale and Saglek Basins where there are five gas discoveries and one oil discovery. The modern long-offset 2D data set appears to indicate a working petroleum system within the newly mapped Cenozoic delta, and two phases of hydrocarbons may be present.

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47

Vigier, N., and Y. Goddéris. "A new approach for modeling Cenozoic oceanic lithium isotope paleo-variations: the key role of climate." Climate of the Past 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 635–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-635-2015.

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Abstract. The marine record of ocean lithium isotope composition may provide important information constraining the factors that control continental weathering and how they have varied in the past. However, the equations establishing links between the continental flux of Li to the ocean, the continental Li isotope composition and the ocean Li isotope composition are under-constrained, and their resolution are related to significant uncertainties. In order to partially reduce this uncertainty, we propose a new approach that couples the C and Li cycles, such that our proposed reconstruction of the Cenozoic Li cycle is compatible with the required stability of the exospheric carbon cycle on geological timescales. The results of this exercise show, contrary to expectations, that the Cenozoic evolution of the Li isotope composition of rivers did not necessarily mimic the oceanic δ7Li rise. In contrast, variations in the continental flux of Li to the ocean are demonstrated to play a major role in setting the ocean δ7Li. We also provide evidence that Li storage in secondary phases is an important element of the global Li cycle that cannot be neglected, in particular during the early Cenozoic. Our modeling of the published foraminifera record highlights a close link between soil formation rate and indexes recording the climate evolution during the Cenozoic, such as foraminifera δ18O and pCO2 reconstructions. This leads us to conclude that the Li isotope record does not provide persuasive, unique evidence for erosional forcing of Cenozoic change because it could alternatively be consistent with a climatic control on soil production rates.

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Guleria, J. S. "A brief account of Cenozoic (Tertiary) flora of India: its development, significance and future considerations." Journal of Palaeosciences 57, no. (1-3) (December 31, 2008): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2008.250.

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The paper is based on megafossil records of which the angiosperms provide the bulk of data and are represented by various plant parts such as roots, woods, leaves, fruits, flowers, etc. The modern flora of India is one of the richest and diverse floras of the world. The roots of extant flora of India can be traced back to base of the Palaeocene or just below the K/Pg boundary. The development or history of primarily Cenozoic flora in India can be divided into three periods, viz., (i) Pre-Sahni Period (1782-1920), (ii) Prof. Sahni's Period (1920-1949) and (iii) Post-Sahni Period (1950 onwards). The first period can be called as the age of colonial or pioneer explorers. It was a period when Cenozoic plant fossils were largely collected as curios and were purely viewed with a geological bias. The second period was the most momentous period in the history of Indian Palaeobotany in general and Cenozoic Palaeobotany in particular. It began with the return of Prof. Birbal Sahni in 1920 from Cambridge, when he took stock of the existing position of Palaeobotany in India and eventually laid the foundation of Indian Palaeobotany. During the third period, Indian Palaeobotany made far reaching progress in all spheres. A large amount of data was accumulated and synthesized for the proper evaluation of the Cenozoic flora. However, many problems are still to be tackled and neglected aspects of the flora need to be looked into to get fuller picture of the Cenozoic flora.

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McCartney, Kevin, Jakub Witkowski, Richard W. Jordan, Kenta Abe, Adrianna Januszkiewicz, Rafał Wróbel, Małgorzata Bąk, and Emanuel Soeding. "Silicoflagellate evolution through the Cenozoic." Marine Micropaleontology 172 (April 2022): 102108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2022.102108.

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Sosdian, Sindia M., Caroline H. Lear, Kai Tao, Ethan L. Grossman, Aaron O'Dea, and Yair Rosenthal. "Cenozoic seawater Sr/Ca evolution." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 13, no. 10 (October 2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012gc004240.

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