Journal articles on the topic 'Cementitious materials and other architectural and construction materials'
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Feng, Lichao, Wenliang Yao, Kai Zheng, Na Cui, and Ning Xie. "Synergistically Using Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) and Other Solid Wastes to Manufacture Eco-Friendly Cementitious Materials." Buildings 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020117.
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Bauxite residue (red mud) is a solid waste resulting from the aluminum production industry. Disposal or landfill of the red mud (RM) poses irreversible environmental problems; therefore, it is compelling to find practical solutions that can mitigate the negative environmental problems of RM stacking storage. In the past decades, although the recycling of RM has achieved significant progress, challenges remain from both academic and practical perspectives. Previous studies have demonstrated that all the aluminosilicate-based solid wastes have pozzolanic activity, and thus can be considered as resources to manufacture eco-friendly cementitious materials to relieve the carbon emission burden. Therefore, combining RM and other solid wastes to manufacture green cementitious materials has become a promising route to alleviate the burden of environmental pollutions. However, challenges from the fluctuation of the chemical compositions, inert activity, heavy metals stabilization, efflorescence, the side effects of the second pollutions from solid wastes, the hydration process, and mutual interaction mechanisms between the various types of solid wastes are still unclear, especially for multi-components RM-based cementitious materials. This review article summarizes the state of the art of mechanical properties, microstructure characterization methodologies, and hydration process and mechanisms of RM along with other solid wastes. The main challenges and future research trends are discussed. This article attempts to summarize the details of the RM recycling technologies that are beneficial to readers in understanding the background knowledge and research methodologies of eco-friendly cementitious materials.
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Yanez, Sergio, Constanza Márquez, Benjamín Valenzuela, and Cristina Alejandra Villamar-Ayala. "A Bibliometric-Statistical Review of Organic Residues as Cementitious Building Materials." Buildings 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050597.
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Climate deterioration and environmental pollution has been widely studied by a wide scientific community. The effects of the ecosystem deterioration impacts directly to human activities. In this scenario, the building industry has increased the pressure on proposing new materials to replace the cementicious component and natural resources (water, sand, gravel, and limestone) on mortar and concrete to reverse this trend. To this end, organic residues can offer opportunities as an available alternative for construction applications. Therefore, this paper aims to broaden the scope of research in this field by investigating the potential use of organic residues as cementicious building material based on bibliometric-statistical analysis using scientific information. A preliminary bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer was carried out to define the keywords co-ocurrence from Scopus database. Type of organic material, constructive use, and its properties (physicochemical, mechanical, and thermal) were extracted from scientific publications. Then, a systematic analysis criteria was defined to limit the scope of the study. Finally, statistical variance analysis and multiple correlation for identifying constructive application were applied. From the co-ocurrence analysis of keywords, we determined that 54% of the selected scientific publications were closely related to the scope of this study. State-of-the-art study established that related researches grew exponentially at a rate of about 30%/year. Moreover, scientific publications reported the use of a wide variety of organic residues, such as wheat, paper, hemp, rice, wood, molluscs, olive, coconut, among others. Mainly, agricultural residues (82%) with building applications related to structural concrete, mortar, bricks, and blocks, had been evaluated. Physicochemical properties from organic residues (extractives content, lignin content, and density) were correlated to mechanical (compressive, flexural and tensile strength) and thermal properties (thermal conductivity). The identification of the physicochemical properties of the organic residues allow us to predict the mechanical and thermal behavior of the material with residues. In summary, agricultural residues are the most promising organic building material due to their abundance and lignin content, exhibiting better mechanic and thermal properties than any other organic residues.
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Sambucci, Matteo, Danilo Marini, Abbas Sibai, and Marco Valente. "Preliminary Mechanical Analysis of Rubber-Cement Composites Suitable for Additive Process Construction." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 3 (August 18, 2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030120.
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Additive manufacturing for cementitious materials represents the most attractive frontier in the modern context of Construction 4.0. In addition to the technological progress of printing systems, the development of functional and low environmental impact printable mixtures is one of the current challenges of digital fabrication in building and architectural fields. This paper proposes a preliminary physical-mechanical analysis on environmentally friendly mortars, compatible with the extrusion-based printing process, made up of recycling rubber aggregates deriving from end-of-life tires. In this study, two groups of rubber particle samples (0–1 mm rubber powder and 2–4 mm rubber granules) were used to partially/totally replace the mineral fraction of the reference printable mixture. Four tire rubber powder-granules proportions were investigated and control mortar (100% sand) was also prepared to compare its properties with those of the rubber-cement samples in terms of printability properties, mechanical strength, ductility, and structural isotropy. Based on the experimental results, the rubber aggregates increase the mixture fluidity, promoting better inter-layer adhesion than the neat mix. This leads to greater mechanical isotropy. As already investigated in other research works on Rubber-Concrete technology, the addition of rubber particles increases the ductility of the material but reduces its mechanical strength. However, by correctly balancing the fine and coarse rubber fraction, promising physical-mechanical performances were demonstrated.
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Abulencia, Anabel B., Ma Beatrice D. Villoria, Roneh Glenn D. Libre, Pauline Rose J. Quiatchon, Ithan Jessemar R. Dollente, Ernesto J. Guades, Michael Angelo B. Promentilla, Lessandro Estelito O. Garciano, and Jason Maximino C. Ongpeng. "Geopolymers as Sustainable Material for Strengthening and Restoring Unreinforced Masonry Structures: A Review." Buildings 11, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110532.
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Unreinforced masonry (URM) structures are vulnerable to earthquakes; thus, materials and techniques for their strengthening and restoration should be developed. However, the materials used in some of the existing retrofitting technologies for URM and the waste produced at its end-of-life are unsustainable. The production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) worldwide has enormously contributed to the global carbon footprint, resulting in persistent environmental problems. Replacing OPC with geopolymers, which are more sustainable and environmentally friendly, presents a potential solution to these problems. Geopolymers can replace the OPC component in engineering cementitious composites (ECC), recommended to strengthen and restore URM structures. In the present paper, the state-of-the-art knowledge development on applying geopolymers in URM structures is discussed. The discussion is focused on geopolymers and their components, material characterization, geopolymers as a strengthening and restoration material, and fiber-reinforced geopolymers and their application to URM structures. Based on this review, it was found that the mechanical properties of geopolymers are on par with that of OPC; however, there are few studies on the mentioned applications of geopolymers. The characterization of geopolymers’ mechanical and physical properties as a restoration material for URM structures is still limited. Therefore, other properties such as chemical interaction with the substrate, workability, thixotropic behavior, and aesthetic features of geopolymers need to be investigated for its wide application. The application method of geopolymer-based ECC as a strengthening material for a URM structure is by grouting injection. It is also worth recommending that other application techniques such as deep repointing, jacketing, and cement-plastering be explored.
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Barkhordari, Mohammad Sadegh, Danial Jahed Armaghani, Ahmed Salih Mohammed, and Dmitrii Vladimirovich Ulrikh. "Data-Driven Compressive Strength Prediction of Fly Ash Concrete Using Ensemble Learner Algorithms." Buildings 12, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020132.
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Concrete is one of the most popular materials for building all types of structures, and it has a wide range of applications in the construction industry. Cement production and use have a significant environmental impact due to the emission of different gases. The use of fly ash concrete (FAC) is crucial in eliminating this defect. However, varied features of cementitious composites exist, and understanding their mechanical characteristics is critical for safety. On the other hand, for forecasting the mechanical characteristics of concrete, machine learning approaches are extensively employed algorithms. The goal of this work is to compare ensemble deep neural network models, i.e., the super learner algorithm, simple averaging, weighted averaging, integrated stacking, as well as separate stacking ensemble models, and super learner models, in order to develop an accurate approach for estimating the compressive strength of FAC and reducing the high variance of the predictive models. Separate stacking with the random forest meta-learner received the most accurate predictions (97.6%) with the highest coefficient of determination and the lowest mean square error and variance.
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Zhuang, Zheng-Yun, and Wen-Ten Kuo. "Unravelling the Relations between and Predictive Powers of Different Testing Variables in High Performance Concrete Experiments: The Data-Driven Analytical Methods." Buildings 12, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101545.
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This study proposes and applies a systematic data analysis methodology to analyse experimental data for high-performance concrete (HPC) samples with different admixtures for offshore fan foundation grouting materials uses. In contrast with other relevant research, including experimental studies, the materials physics and chemistry studies, or cementitious material portfolio determination studies, this data-driven analysis provides a deep exploration of the experimental variables associated with the test data. To offer complete and in-depth perspectives, several methods are employed for the data analyses, including correlation analysis, cosine similarity analysis, simple linear regression (SLR) modelling, and heat map and heat-based tabularised visualisations; the outcome is a proposed methodology that is easily implementable. The results from these methods are validated using a pairwise comparison approach (PCA) to avoid unnecessary interference between data variables. There are several potential contributions from this work, including insights for cohered groups of variables, techniques for double check and ‘third check’, an established ‘knowledge base’ consisting of 504 SLR predictive models with their effectiveness (significance) and prediction accuracy (data-model fitness) used in practical applications, an alternative visualisations of the results, three data transforms which can be omitted in a future analysis, and three valuable theory-linking perspectives (e.g., for the relationships between destructive and non-destructive tests with respect to the variable categories). The implication that some variables are interchangeable will make future experiments less labour intensive and time consuming for pre-project HPC material testing.
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Carsana, Maddalena, Massimiliano Frassoni, and Luca Bertolini. "Comparison of ground waste glass with other supplementary cementitious materials." Cement and Concrete Composites 45 (January 2014): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.09.005.
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Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad, Leili Hashemi Rafsanjani, Maryam Rasoolzadeh, and Marzieh Nazari. "Challenges Regarding to Usage of Nanostructured Materials in Contemporary Building Construction." Advanced Materials Research 829 (November 2013): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.426.
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Development of ultrafine grained and nanostructured materials helps other disciplines and has made a meaningful contribution to other fields especially materials and building construction. New nanostructured materials open new horizons to scientific bases of building and construction materials. Sustecture - sustainable high-tech architecture is to meet new life architectural prerequisites regarding latest achievements in material engineering and new materials developments especially smart and nanostructured materials. Despite this fact, usage of new composite materials in building construction industry had yet to be widespread. Therefore the most important question which is remained to be answered is: what are the most challenges regarding to usage of nanostructured materials in contemporary building construction? Logical argumentation has been adopted as research method of this paper to answer research question, which finalized by descriptive - analytical techniques and depth diagnostic interviews. Samples have been selected randomly among from three major groups namely: 1-accademic scholars, 2-architectural consultants and 3-construction practitioners. The research is to find out the level of their awareness about new developed nanomaterials. In order to find out what are the most challenging issues which prohibited sustecture in achievement of its goals and objectives? The results of the paper show that level of technical knowledge and public awareness regarding to developments of new materials is not in a satisfactory condition especially in building construction and architectural performance side. In other word, however general knowledge regarding to ultrafine grained and nanostructured materials enhanced among architectural contributors, there is not enough technical knowledge among construction practitioners.
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Ben Ammar, Ben Khadda. "Valuation of Palm Fibers in the Formulation of Prefabricated Concrete in Southern Algeria." Key Engineering Materials 925 (July 11, 2022): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-t2ileb.
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Algeria has known various models of construction. The general observation is the failure of construction models used not only for their inability to meet the growing demand for housing, but also for the destruction of the architectural and urban landscape. Considering the ability of natural fibers improve the mechanical properties and durability of concrete, a renewable resource and permanently available. To this end, researchers have started to search for the most durable materials that respect the environment. The objective of this research is the study of the effect of date palm fibers in cementitious compositions with various proportions on the mechanical characteristics of prefabricated concretes in southern Algeria. The experimental study focuses on the use of local materials (CEMII Class 42.5 R cement, sand, gravel (7/15 and 15/25) and palm fiber with a water/cement ratio of 0.55). The results show that fiber concrete with a length of 5 mm and a dosage of 0.5% is beneficial for prefabricated fiber concrete.
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Li, Xu. "Application Performance of Decoration Materials on Architectural Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 1050–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.1050.
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This paper describes the basic properties of decoration materials such as texture, color, texture, shape and other construction materials, focuses on the analysis of its use in decoration, protection, space partition, emphasis its selection and use on particular attribute space, emotion ,regional and environmental protection , the combination with the character of architectural features and the harmony of artistic styles.Based on this, the designer can make a space design which can meet customer demand through the depth understanding of the various properties of the materials.
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Yao, Wen Juan, Lei Fan, and Guang Yan Liu. "Properties of Alkali-Activated Waste Glass-Cement Cementitious Materials." Materials Science Forum 926 (July 2018): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.926.134.
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The hydration products, microstructure and development principle of intensity of cement-glass powder cementitious materials acted in alkali and activation effect of chemical activation on waste glass powder were investigated. The principle of intensity and effect of curing time was analyzed by changing alkali type, content of alkali, incorporation of glass powder, incorporation method of activators and other factor. The result shows that: sodium carbonate and sodium silicate can single stimulate activity of glass powder under a certain condition, the activated effect of combined admixture is superior to the effect on single-doped activator, under the action of an excitation agent, surface hydrolysis of glass powder takes place on the glass body first and the hydration products occurs, The pozzolanic reactivity of glass powder increases gradually and generated a larger amount of hydration products，which has lapped and interlocked growth between each other，and form the compact hardened matrix. In addiation, the shorting of curing time is used by activator, the result may be lead to initial curing and against in engineering construction.
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Schreiberová, Hana, Josef Fládr, Roman Chylík, Tomáš Trtík, and Alena Kohoutková. "Methodology of Controlled Crack Introduction in Cementitious Materials." Solid State Phenomena 322 (August 9, 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.322.9.
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Crack formation is a common and generally inevitable phenomenon in the field of concrete structures. On the other hand, the ever-increasing demand for sustainable construction, thus the structures durability, has led researchers to propose and investigate various crack-sealing methods. This study deals with the key aspect of these investigations – the in-vitro creation of cracks. A large number of the conducted studies have been carried out on artificially cracked specimens, and various methodologies of the controlled crack introduction were presented; however, no specific method was clearly preferred. In this paper, several approaches to the crack introduction are applied: cracking through compressive loading, tensile loading, and 3-point bending. Further, different types of specimens are presented: plain concrete, reinforced with short and long steel fibers, and reinforced with steel rod. The achievable crack characteristics, such as widths or its stability over time, are evaluated and compared. This study thus provides valuable overlook of the possible approaches to the controlled crack creation and points out their potential and limitations. Based on the comparisons presented in this paper, the long steel fiber reinforced concrete specimens subjected to 3-point bending are identified as the most appropriate method of crack induction.
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Wang, Shu. "Discussion of Cities Construction Shape in Urbanization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.11.
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With the accelerated pace of urbanization in China , more and more around the town 's land development , but most of the towns architectural form in a chaotic , self-development conditions , constitute urban architectural form of the four elements : building color , spatial composition , four aspects of the architectural style and building materials and other constraints , planning and building genuine regional characteristics in the urban architectural form.
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Singh, Manjit, and Mridul Garg. "Cementitious binder from fly ash and other industrial wastes." Cement and Concrete Research 29, no. 3 (March 1999): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-8846(98)00210-5.
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Georgiou, Antroula, Michalis Theodoulides, and Ioannis Ioannou. "Engineered Cementitious Composites for the Conservation of 20<sup>th</sup> Century Concrete Architectural Heritage." Key Engineering Materials 919 (May 11, 2022): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-x5552i.
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Architectural heritage nowadays includes concrete structures constructed in the 20th century. These buildings are usually under-detailed, since the actual behavior of reinforced concrete at the time of their construction was not clearly understood, whilst building codes incorporating seismic resistance design, especially in seismic prone areas, did not exist. This inevitably led to inefficient design and consequently to severe damages in many historic concrete buildings during past seismic events. This paper explores the use of novel Engineered (Fiber Reinforced) Cementitious Composites (ECCs), with strain hardening abilities in tension, for the repair and strengthening of old sub-standard reinforced concrete columns, focusing on their confining and shear strengthening potentials. The experimental results show that, when replacing the reinforcement cover with fiber reinforced ECCs, the fibers bridge tensile cracks, limiting their opening and increasing their resistance against volumetric expansion, ultimately leading to increased amounts of energy dissipation. ECCs may thus by used in the repair of historic concrete structural elements.
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Savija, Branko. "Use of 3D printing to create multifunctional cementitious composites: review, challenges and opportunities." RILEM Technical Letters 5 (September 3, 2020): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2020.113.
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Additive manufacturing has been a topic of interest in the construction industry for the past decade. 3D printing of concrete structures promises great improvements in construction efficiency, waste reduction, and shape optimization. Another field where additive manufacturing offers opportunities is on the material level of cementitious composites. Techniques developed in other fields can be used to create multifunctional cementitious composites beyond what is possible with conventional technologies. This letter reviews recent developments in the field. Different applications are discussed: creating reinforcement for cementitious composites, creating capsules and vascular networks, and cementitious composites with superior mechanical behavior. Challenges for further research and practical applications of such materials are also discussed.
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Ercan Jenny, Selen, Ena Lloret-Fritschi, Fabio Gramazio, and Matthias Kohler. "Crafting plaster through continuous mobile robotic fabrication on-site." Construction Robotics 4, no. 3-4 (November 12, 2020): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41693-020-00043-8.
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AbstractIndustrialization of architectural components and technological advances have had a significant impact on how we design and build. These developments, resulting in mass-produced and panelized architectural components, have rationalized building construction. However, they often do not reveal the true potential of the inherent qualities of malleable materials. This research investigates the bespoke design potentials of combining a cementitious plaster, with a robotic spraying and forming process, and proposes an adaptive thin-layer additive manufacturing method for plasterwork. Research goals address an on-site construction system that is capable of performing continuous robotic plaster spraying on building elements. To support the understanding of the complex-to-simulate material behavior in this process, systematic studies and physical testing are proposed to be conducted to collect empirical knowledge and data. The goal is to explore bespoke surface qualities, with minimal waste, moving away from the modular and standardized form of the material. The paper presents the preliminary results and findings of the method that aims addressing the challenge of an adaptive construction system capable of performing continuous fabrication, for which mobile robots are proposed to be deployed.
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Correia, Viviane Costa, Sergio Francisco Santos, Holmer Savastano Jr, and Vanderley Moacyr John. "Utilization of vegetable fibers for production of reinforced cementitious materials." RILEM Technical Letters 2 (April 4, 2018): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.48.
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Vegetable fibers produced from agroindustrial resources in the macro, micro and nanometric scales have been used as reinforcement in cementitious materials. The cellulosic pulp, besides being used as the reinforcing element, is also the processing fiber that is responsible for the filtration system in the Hatcheck method. On the other hand, the nanofibrillated cellulose has the advantage of having good mechanical performance and high specific surface, which contributes to improve the adhesion between fiber and matrix. In the hybrid reinforcement, with micro and nanofibers, the cellulose performs bonding elements with the matrix and acts as stress transfer bridges in the micro and nano-cracking network with the corresponding strengthening and toughening of the cementitious composite. Some strategies are studied to mitigate the degradation of the vegetable fibers used in cost-effective and non-conventional fiber cement, as well as to reach a sustainable fiber cement production. As a practical example, the accelerated carbonation curing at early age is a developing technology to increase the durability of composite materials: it decreases porosity, promotes a higher density in the interface generating a good fiber–matrix adhesion and a better mechanical behavior. Thus, the vegetable fibers are potentially applicable to produce high mechanical performance and sustainable cementitious materials for use in the Civil Construction.
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Khartabil, Ahmad, and Samer Al Martini. "Carbonation Resistance of Sustainable Concrete Using Recycled Aggregate and Supplementary Cementitious Materials." Key Engineering Materials 803 (May 2019): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.803.246.
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Green concrete is a recent sustainable practice in UAE that was enforced by Dubai Municipality in construction field within the emirate of Dubai to reduce the carbon foot print in construction industry and to increase the durability of the structures. This led the construction industry to reduce the usage of ordinary portland cement by replacing it with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as Grand Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and flyash (FA). Incorporating GGBS or FA in concrete mixtures can improve durability parameters of hardened concrete, such as resistance to water permeability, reduced water absorption and chloride penetration. This ultimately increases the structure’s service life by increasing the threshold of concrete mixture for chloride induced corrosion. On the other hand, carbonation induced corrosion to concrete is usually being ignored or forgotten generally, due its usual slow rate ingression in plain portland cement concrete mixtures. Several studies showed that incorporating some types of SCM – especially at high percentage - can reduce the concrete resistance to carbonation. Additionally and for concrete with recycled aggregate, carbonation investigation should be taken into consideration. This is since recycled aggregates are reused aggregates that are extracted from demolished structures and buildings which were already subjected to different environmental exposures and deteriorations. Unlike chloride penetration, there is no direct ASTM standard test to anticipate the concrete mixture resistance to carbonation at early ages. In this study, concrete mixtures with flyash and different recycled aggregate replacement percentages are investigated for carbonation resistance in accelerated proposed method, considering concrete mixtures’ key parameters like water-cement ratio, and total cement content. The results are analyzed to arrive to pertinent conclusions for the best utilization of sustainable concrete for carbonation resistance.
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Draper, Eric A., and Jan Skalny. "The Use of SEM and Other Complimentary Techniques for the Determination of Properties of Cementitious Materials." Microscopy Today 00, no. 8 (November 1992): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500071066.
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The need for continued rehabilitation of our concrete infrastructure has lead to the adaptation of modern “state-of-the-art” analytical methods for the characterization of concrete and other cementitious materials. Some of these techniques have not, until relatively recently, been commonly associated with the evaluation of concrete but are very useful both as tools for quality assurance and in the determination of the extent of existing damage. The technique of interest here is the coordinated electron-optical microscopic evaluation of concrete.Concrete is the most widely used building material in the world. Contrary to popular belief, concrete is not inert but chemically very complex and dynamic. While it is true that, pound for pound, concrete and its raw materials (cement, aggregate and water} are the most inexpensive building materials available for construction, it is also true that it responds to its environment in numerous and sometimes very subtle ways. These responses may sometimes result in a loss of durability and tremendous amounts of time and money being expended while searching for the cause(s) of the problem and providing a cost-effect solution A quick survey of any large metropolitan area and the on-going construction repairs to highways and bridge decks there will quickly confirm this.
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Draper, Eric A., and Jan Skalny. "The Use of SEM and Other Complimentary Techniques for the Determination of Properties of Cementitious Materials." Microscopy Today 00, no. 8 (November 1992): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500071157.
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The need for continued rehabilitation of our concrete infrastructure has lead to the adaptation of modern “state-of-the-art” analytical methods for the characterization of concrete and other cementitious materials. Some of these techniques have not, until relatively recently, been commonly associated with the evaluation of concrete but are very useful both as tools for quality assurance and in the determination of the extent of existing damage. The technique of interest here is the coordinated electron-optical microscopic evaluation of concrete.Concrete is the most widely used building material in the world. Contrary to popular belief, concrete is not inert but chemically very complex and dynamic. While it is true that, pound far pound, concrete and its raw materials (cement, aggregate and water) are the most inexpensive building materials available for construction, it is also true that it responds to its environment in numerous and sometimes very subtle ways. These responses may sometimes result in a loss of durability and tremendous amounts of time and money being expended while searching far the cause(s) of the problem and providing a cost-effect solution. A quick survey of any large metropolitan area and the on-going construction repairs to highways and bridge decks there will quickly confirm this.
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Rios, Renee, Chris Childs, Scott Smith, Newell Washburn, and Kimberly Kurtis. "Advancing cement-based materials design through data science approaches." RILEM Technical Letters 6 (December 30, 2021): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2021.147.
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The massive scale of concrete construction constrains the raw materials’ feedstocks that can be considered – requiring both universal abundance but also economical and energy-efficient processing. While significant improvements– from more efficient cement and concrete production to increased service life – have been realized over the past decades through traditional research paradigms, non-incremental innovations are necessary now to meet increasingly urgent needs, at a time when innovations in materials create even greater complexity. Data science is revolutionizing the rate of discovery and accelerating the rate of innovation for material systems. This review addresses machine learning and other data analytical techniques which utilize various forms of variable representation for cementitious systems. These techniques include those guided by physicochemical and cheminformatics approaches to chemical admixture design, use of materials informatics to develop process-structure-property linkages for quantifying increased service life, and change-point detection for assessing pozzolanicity in candidate supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). These latent variables, coupled with approaches to dimensionality reduction driven both algorithmically as well as through domain knowledge, provide robust feature representation for cement-based materials and allow for more accurate models and greater generalization capability, resulting in a powerful design tool for infrastructure materials.
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Akimova, M. I., and E. M. Sal'nikov. "ARCHITECTURAL TYPOLOGY OF CHAPELS." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture, no. 4 (August 29, 2018): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2018-20-4-9-19.
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The paper presents a study of chapel typology on the example of Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions. The analysis of existing chapels includes their architectural style, attachment to other buildings, roofing, the number of domes, construction materials, functional purpose and temperature conditions. Based on the analysis, the existing typological table of chapels is revised and amended. Studies show that despite the strong influence of the traditional approach to Orthodox architecture, innovative small churches are being built.
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Turki, Mohamed, Ines Zarrad, Michéle Quéneudec, and Jamel Bouaziz. "Prediction performance of compressive strength of cementitious materials containing rubber aggregates and filler using fuzzy logic method." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 13, no. 2 (August 14, 2017): 284–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-12-2016-0066.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on compressive strength modelling of cementitious mixtures like mortar and Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) containing rubber aggregates from shredded worn tires and filler using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). Design/methodology/approach The volume substitution contains a ratio of rubber aggregates vs sand in mortar and with crushed sand in RCC and ranges from 0 to 50 per cent. As for the filler, they are substituted with sand by 5 per cent in mortar mixture. The methodology consists of optimizing the percentage of substitution in cementitious mixtures to ensure better mechanical properties of materials like compressive strength. The prediction of compressive strength and the optimization of cementitious mixtures encourage their uses in such construction pavements, in area games or in other special constructions. These cementitious materials are considered as friendly to the environment by focussing on their improved deformability. Findings The results of this paper show that the performance of the constructed fuzzy method was measured by correlation of experimental and model results of mortar and RCC mixtures containing both rubber aggregates and filler. The comparison between elaborated models through the error and the accuracy calculations confirms the reliability of the ANFIS method. Originality/value The purpose of this paper is to assess the performance of the constructed fuzzy model by the ANFIS method for two types of cementitious materials like mortar and RCC containing rubber aggregates and filler. The fuzzy method could predict the compressive strength based on the limited measurement values in the mechanical experiment. Furthermore, the comparison between the elaborated models confirms the reliability of the ANFIS method through the error and the accuracy calculations for the best cementitious material mixtures.
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Isah, Abubakar Danladi, Isa Bala Muhammad, and Idris Katun. "Optimizing architects’ building materials’ specification strategy through knowledge management principles." Construction Innovation 18, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 394–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-08-2017-0071.
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Purpose This study aims to avail architects with the potentials of knowledge management (KM) principles towards an optimal and effective procedural mechanism for the choice of building materials during design and construction processes. Design/methodology/approach In all, 202 questionnaire forms were distributed in a survey. They were administered to practicing architects and Architectural firms in Nigeria. Thereafter, ANOVA, regression analysis and exploratory factor analysis with reliability and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.861 identified KM principles in specification writing for architects. Findings These findings show that the building material selection procedure can be optimized with efficient and conscious consideration of KM principles imbibed by architects in tune with global trends. The study serves as a guide to architects and other stakeholders on the effect of KM principles in deepening reflectiveness of the surpassing role of effective KM in specification writing in the construction industry. Originality/value This is perhaps the first empirical research that sought to understudy knowledge sharing strategies in architectural firms within the context of the study location Nigeria. The value of the research lies in optimization of architects’ building materials’ specification strategy through KM principles.
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Chen, Jianguo, Yuling Zhu, Weilian Du, Mengxiang Li, Yifan Wang, Chunling Zhang, Mingsheng Shi, and Binghan Xue. "Influence of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on the Properties of Cement-Fly Ash Cementitious Materials and Concrete." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 13440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013440.
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Concrete materials often crack due to the temperature field caused by the early heat of hydration, affecting structural safety and normal use. To solve this problem, this paper proposes the method of incorporating polycarboxylate superplasticizer to improve its performance and explore the influence of polycarboxylate superplasticizer on the properties of cement-fly ash composite cementitious materials and concrete. Ordinary silicate was used to prepare cement-fly ash composite cementitious materials. Through isothermal conduction calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other testing methods, the influence of polycarboxylate water-reducing agent on the heat of hydration of cementitious materials was studied. In addition, the hydration products and microscopic morphology of the cementitious materials were analyzed, and the changes in the concrete properties due to the addition of polycarboxylate superplasticizers were discussed. The results showed that the polycarboxylate superplasticizer could delay the onset time of the hydration heat peak of the slurry and reduce the hydration heat peak, inhibit the crystallization of Ca(OH)2 and AFt, improve the density of the slurry, and reduce the amount of chemically bound water. In addition, it could delay the overall hydration process of the cementitious material, where the adiabatic temperature increase rate and the early drying shrinkage rate of the concrete slowed down, and the mechanical properties and impermeability of the concrete improved.
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Meng, Gang, Kai Feng Zhang, Shi Ran Zhao, Meng Xue Ouyang, and Xiang Li. "Researcher Progress of Steel Slag Cascade Utilization in Building Materials." Key Engineering Materials 629-630 (October 2014): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.629-630.293.
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This paper studied the cascade use of industrial waste slag as the cementitious material, the fine aggregate and the coarse aggregate, assisted by XRD, SEM and other microscopic test methods. The results that the system had the best volume stability when the steel slag addition of 40%. When the cement mortar prepared by 10% steel slag fine aggregate, and mixed with 20% steel slag powder and 20% blast furnace slag powder, the mortar construction performance and shrink resistant performance is excellent. On the basis of concrete double mixing 25% steel slag aggregate and 30% steel slag powder, compound mixing 20% blast furnace slag powder, the durable properties of concrete are also excellent.
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Adamtsevich, Aleksey, Andrey Pustovgar, and Liubov Adamtsevich. "Materials for 3D Concrete Printing: Approach to Standardization in Russia." Materials Science Forum 1043 (August 18, 2021): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1043.141.
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3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) technology, compared to traditional monolithic construction, gives a possibility to increase the workspeed and reduce the manual laborproportion, reduce material consumption and also improve the architectural appearance of buildings being erected. At the same time, more stringent requirements are imposed on the material for 3D printing in terms of rheological characteristicscontrol, strength developmentkinetics, interplay adhesion and some other parameters than for conventional ready-mixed concrete. Therefore, to ensure the mass application of technologies for additive construction production using concrete as printing ink, it is necessary to develop a regulatory and technical base, including the development of standard test methods to determine the operational properties of this typeofmaterials. The article examines the main trends in the management of the materials’properties for construction 3D printing based on cement binders and describes the principles of building a system for standardizing materials for 3D printing construction in Russia, which was developed with the participation of the authors of this article.
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Baeră, C., R. Chendeş, A. Gruin, A. Perianu, V. Vasile, and L. Varga. "Research on valorisation of spent garnets as addition in cementitious materials – preliminary experimental evaluation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1251, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1251/1/012010.
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Abstract Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) material processing represents a relatively new and extremely efficient method in the specific industries, implying various applicability areas, attributed to different materials, with different properties and domains of use. Besides numerous advantages of the AWJ cutting and generally of the material processing techniques, they also involve the waste generation: the abrasive sands are converted into sludge material, collected into recipients and further on, after natural drying, they become waste dumps randomly deserted. The enlargement of the AWJ techniques in the latest years determines the corresponding increase of the associated Garnet wastes (Spent Garnets, SG), thus leading towards the clear need of identifying opportunities for their recycling and valorisation. Aggregates are basic raw materials in the production of concrete, mortar and plasters, composite cementitious and/or cement-free materials (geopolymer concrete) in the building materials and generally, in the construction industry. The rapid growth of the population, recorded mainly in urban areas, determines an increasing demand on housing facilities and consequently, on concrete production and aggregates consumption. Aggregates and sand, mainly exploited from riverbeds or quarries, represent exhaustible natural resource for which substitution solutions need to be found, in order to control and reduce their extraction from the natural landscape. Considering the superposition of this independent cause and effect situations, the rapid growth of Spent Garnets (SG) landfills, generated by AWJ processes, and, on the other hand, the need to substitute the natural aggregate in construction industry, a reliable solution could emerge from the potential valorisation of SG wastes as partial or even complete substitution of sands / aggregates in the composition of construction materials. The present paper offers a preliminary overview regarding the possibility of incorporating SG wastes of local production in usual cement-based materials, as partial substitute of the aggregate, for the double purpose of waste management implementation and natural resources protection, on the transition path towards the implementing the Circular Economy (CE) concept in the Romanian industry.
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Harutyunyan, Martin. "Architectural design enhancement of gardens/parks in Yerevan." Heritage and Sustainable Development 3, no. 2 (August 28, 2021): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/hsd.v3i2.72.
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In Yerevan, as well as in a number of other Armenian cities, gardens were designed and constructed mainly during the Soviet era, and most of them were transformed, distorted and devastated in the first decade of the period of independence. In the last decade, a unique number of gardens/parks have been built or reconstructed in Yerevan. The city of Yerevan needs this kind of investigation. To observe and analyse the current state of gardens and parks, architectural and design structures as well as compositional design issues and problems concerning Yerevan’s gardens and parks can be the first study in the Armenian history of design and architecture We still do not have any information about similar research efforts in the given sphere carried out in the countries neighbouring Armenia and other foreign countries. This article presents the right process of modernization and/or construction of gardens/parks based on the study of the best models envisions and requires application and implementation of different tools of compositional design and modification not only in the design proper of gardens/parks, but also in the external design and aesthetic nuances of the adjacent surrounding, leaving any compositional design setup unchanged.
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Amin, Mohamed, Nirmen Abd El-Aziz, Ibrahim Saad Agwa, and Khaled Abu El-Hassan. "Properties and Microstructure of High Strength Concrete Incorporating Different Supplementary Cementitious Materials." Key Engineering Materials 921 (May 30, 2022): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-z32u07.
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The construction industry has recently focused on the use of sustainable and innovative building materials, which called for the production of many supplementary cementitious materials with concrete to make the concrete produced durable and sustainable. Since high-strength concrete has many advantages other than its high strength, it has recently been used in non-traditional applications after for a long time confined to well-known traditional applications. This study presents the effect of micro Ferrosilicon (FS) and mineral materials on high-strength concrete properties, where silica fume (SF), FS, and metakaolin (Mk) were used as additives to cement.Besides the consistency test, all-ages compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity strengthand water permeability were investigated on the produced HSC.Microstructure analyses are carried out by SEM and EDX tests. The results showed a continuous decrease in a slump with the increase in mineral material, however, 15% FS and 15% MK were determined as the optimum percentage of the desired mechanical property. HSC performs up to 88 MPa compressive strength, 7.49 MPa tensile strength, and 39.89 GPa modulus of elasticity, as well as good durability properties. Finally, the high-strength concrete under consideration is suitable for use in both conventional and non-conventional applications and supports sustainable development and infrastructure development.
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Wu, Siyu, Sungwoo Park, and Sukhoon Pyo. "Effect of Types of Microparticles on Vibration Reducibility of Cementitious Composites." Materials 15, no. 14 (July 11, 2022): 4821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144821.
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The vibration-reducing ability of construction materials is generally described by the damping ratio of the materials. Previously, many studies on the damping ratio of concrete have been done, such as the addition of rubber, polymer, fiber, and recycled aggregates in the concrete. However, the application of these materials in construction is limited due to their drawbacks. This paper investigated the effect of the replacement ratio and the size of the hollow glass microspheres (HGM), cenospheres (CS), and graphite flakes (GF) on the damping ratio of mortar. Furthermore, rubber particles (RP), aluminum powder (AP), and natural fiber (NF) were investigated to find if they have a combination effect with HGM. The half-power bandwidth method was conducted to obtain the damping ratio at 28 days of curing, and the compressive and flexural strength tests were also conducted to study the mechanical properties of mortar that contained HGM, CS, and GF. The results show that increases in the size of HGM and the replacement ratio of sand with HGM lead to an increase in the damping ratio. Moreover, RP and NF do not provide a combination effect with HGM on the damping ratio, whereas the application of AP results in a drastic compressive strength decrease even with an increase in damping ratio when incorporated with HGM. Besides, an increase in the replacement percentage of CS also leads to an improvement in the damping ratio, and a smaller size and higher replacement ratio of GFs can improve the damping ratio compared to other additives. As a result, CS and GF are more effective than HGM. 50% replacement ratio of CS slightly reduced the compressive strength by 6.4 MPa while improving the damping ratio by 15%, and 10% replacement ratio of samller GF can enhance the flexural strength by over 4.55% while increasing the damping ratio by 20.83%.
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Fabbri, Antonin, Jean Claude Morel, Jean-Emmanuel Aubert, Quoc-Bao Bui, Domenico Gallipoli, Anne Ventura, Venkatarama B. V. Reddy, Erwan Hamard, Antoine Pelé-Peltier, and Holur Narayanaswamy Abhilash. "An overview of the remaining challenges of the RILEM TC 274-TCE, testing and characterisation of earth-based building materials and elements." RILEM Technical Letters 6 (January 6, 2022): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2021.149.
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Based on the RILEM Technical Committee 274-TCE work, this paper is a discussion of the remaining engineering challenges faced by earthen architecture. The assessment of earth material performances requires the development of appropriate procedures and standards. This is discussed in particular for the characterisation, hygrothermal behaviour, mechanical behaviour, and durability of earth materials. One other important challenge, since one of the main advantages classically put forward, is its ecological performance, is a proper assessment of life cycle assessment of earth materials, elements and buildings. Moreover, the paper develops why the approach to earthen construction must be different compared to the dominant construction materials, to preserve its ability to contribute to the ecological transition in the construction sector. In particular, the needs of using local soils, with an architectural approach coping with the limits of the materials, and developing an architectural optimisation to preserve the earthen materials multifunctionality rather than selecting a sole property to be maximised. Lastly, the findings of the paper can be used to develop a holistic approach to earthen construction to foster the development of new earthen architecture projects.
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Ryabova, Anna V., Anna Yu Fanda, and Sergey V. Trofimov. "Functional Protective Coatings for Steel Architectural Construction Panels." MATEC Web of Conferences 346 (2021): 02041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134602041.
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Currently, enameled steel products are becoming very popular in construction, since they have a number of valuable properties that noticeably distinguish enameled architectural and construction panels against the background of other facing building materials. Also, extremely urgent is the problem of obtaining glass enamel coatings for architectural and construction panels with high properties. In the work, glass-crystalline enamel coatings in the system R2O–RO–B2O3–Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2–P2O2–F- were studied, the features of their formation on facing steel panels were revealed. The physicochemical and aesthetic-consumer properties of the developed enamel coatings have been investigated. The influence of the chemical composition of titanium-containing glass and the crystallization process on the whiteness index of white coating glass-crystalline enamels and the characteristic color shade was studied using a spectrophotometric method using an RGB color measurement model. This method made it possible to accurately determine the shades of the obtained glass-crystalline enamel coatings for steel.
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Hoyos-Montilla, A. A., Y. P. Arias-Jaramillo, and J. I. Tobón. "Evaluation of cements obtained by alkali-activated coal ash with NaOH cured at low temperatures." Materiales de Construcción 68, no. 332 (September 4, 2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2018.10117.
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The temperature at which the alkaline activation process takes place is a significant factor in the evolution of the mechanical properties of coal ash cementitious base material. In this work, the influence of temperature (8 a 38 °C) and curing time (3 and 28 days) on the mechanical properties of the alkaline synthesis of two coal ashes was evaluated through the study of the mineralogical evolution of the cementitious phases by XRD and FTIR. We found that the type of zeolite, a synthesis product, depends on the study factors. For values above 28 °C and at least 7 days, alkalinely activated cements with compressive strength above 20 MPa were achieved. Other parameters, such as SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, percentage of unburned coal and particle-size distribution, should be taken into account in the variation of mechanical performance.
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Tong, Yunyun, Abdel-Okash Seibou, Mengya Li, Abdelhak Kaci, and Jinjian Ye. "Bamboo Sawdust as a Partial Replacement of Cement for the Production of Sustainable Cementitious Materials." Crystals 11, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11121593.
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This paper reports on the utilization of recycled moso bamboo sawdust (BS) as a substitute in a new bio-based cementitious material. In order to improve the incompatibility between biomass and cement matrix, the study firstly investigated the effect of pretreatment methods on the BS. Cold water, hot water, and alkaline solution were used. The SEM images and mechanical results showed that alkali-treated BS presented a more favorable bonding interface in the cementitious matrix, while both compressive and flexural strength were higher than for the other two treatments. Hence, the alkaline treatment method was adopted for additional studies on the effect of BS content on the microstructural, physical, rheological, and mechanical properties of composite mortar. Cement was replaced by alkali-treated BS at 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% by mass in the mortar mixture. An increased proportion of BS led to a delayed cement setting and a reduction in workability, but a lighter and more porous structure compared to the conventional mortar. Meanwhile, the mechanical performance of composite decreased with BS content, while the compressive and flexural strength ranged between 14.1 and 37.8 MPa and 2.4 and 4.5 MPa, respectively, but still met the minimum strength requirements of masonry construction. The cement matrix incorporated 3% and 5% BS can be classified as load-bearing lightweight concrete. This result confirms that recycled BS can be a sustainable component to produce a lightweight and structural bio-based cementitious material.
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Zawal, Daniel, Krzysztof Górski, and Agnieszka Dobosz. "USAGE OF CALCIUM CARBONATE BIODEPOSITION IN MODIFICATION OF CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego / Inżynieria Środowiska 172, no. 52 (December 31, 2018): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0261.
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Biodeterioration of construction materials is an undesired phenomenon, generating high costs of constraction repairs. On the other hand, occurrence of some bacteria can affect prevention and self repair of fractures formed in concrete. Biodeposition is an effective solution for increasing compressive strength of concrete, extending durability of concrete constructions and renovating limestone elements in facades of historic buildings.
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Al Adgham, S., M. Saba, G. Sabalbal, W. Arairo, and J. Absi. "Environmental and Ecological Approach in the Restoration of Historical Monuments." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1123, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1123/1/012023.
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Abstract Architectural heritage preservation requires more attention to save historical monuments as it protects the distinctiveness of the country. However, large portions of construction and demolition waste come from the renovation sector. As such, the need for eco-friendly materials is a necessity to decreasing the environmental impact of renovation processes such as the carbon footprint and global warming. The study aims to use geopolymeric paste as a potential alternative for renovating architectural elements in Al-Attar Mosque, Tripoli, instead of cementitious materials that impact the environment. The mix design of the geopolymer paste consists of metakaolin and sodium-based alkaline solution. The paste is used to bind very old sandstone rocks provided by the historic mosque. The mechanical properties of the natural sandstone were tested with and without geopolymeric paste in different cutting conditions. In most of the samples, the cracking occurred in the stone itself and not in the geopolymer binder. This behaviour proved that the geopolymer binder is a good alternative to be used in renovating the wall, holding good mechanical properties. As such, it proved that it has good potential to be used in historical monuments. It is also an environmentally friendly material, with a lower carbon footprint than concrete.
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Tao, Li, and Zhi Qing Zhao. "Study on Ecological Strategy of Traditional Residences." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1321.
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In the era of increasingly accelerating globalization context, traditional culture was faced with enormous challenges and new development opportunities, how to inherit and carry forward the fine traditions of the national architectural culture, is one problem that many architects thinking about. This paper attempted to apply the ecological experience of traditional residences as the breakthrough, according to the ecological construction experience of Chinese traditional residences, detailed analyze the siting and groups construction, space and form construction, materials and details construction etc. and other aspects of ecological construction features and design laws, hoped to raise the level of architectural design to improve the ecological problem about high energy consumption.
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Alves, Carlos. "Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies of Neoformations on Stony Materials of Modern Building Works." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 5 (August 14, 2013): 1241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613012701.
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AbstractThe built environment is subjected to several pollutants under variable environmental conditions defined by diverse geochemical systems. These geochemical systems promote the occurrence of neoformations that can have a detrimental effect on surfaces of the building materials. Hence, the study of neoformations helps in the understanding of weathering processes that affect built structures. In the present paper we present a scanning electron microscopy study of macroscopic manifestations of neoformations detected during an extensive visual survey of several modern architectural works in urban areas of northern and central Portugal. The studies performed suggest that cementitious materials play an important role as a source of pollutants for the most common neoformations such as carbonate rich stains and coatings, as well as salt efflorescences of alkaline sulphates and carbonates. There are also indications of contributions from organic sources for alkaline nitrates and atmospheric pollution for gypsum-rich black crusts. Other less common neoformations include phosphate aggregates and silica stains that represent interesting indicators of the geochemical systems in built environments. In the case of carbonate-rich coatings, indications of recurrence related to the circulation of carbonate forming solutions relevant to the maintenance of built surfaces were detected.
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Lourenço, Ana, Luís Silva, Vera Fernandes, and Pedro Sequeira. "Improved Cementitious Tile Adhesives’ Workability and Mechanical Performance with the Use of Recycled Materials." Infrastructures 7, no. 9 (August 26, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures7090111.
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The impact that construction has on sustainability as a relevant consumer of materials is well known, especially with regard to cement, which contributes to high CO2 emissions. It is well known that in tile adhesives, cement add positive technical contributes, supporting tensile adhesion, especially after water immersion and freeze–thaw cycles. On the other hand, it is also known that that it is possible to replace Portland cement with alternative sources, such as blast furnace slag, fly and bottom ashes, or other pozzolanic materials. Even so, other materials can be also used to contribute to additional performance. This work intends to prove that using recycled materials or by-products is not just a potential way to replace existing materials, improving environmental sustainability, but also contributes additional value to mortars, such as cement-based tile adhesives. Different recycled waste materials are introduced to a cement-based tile adhesive and the evaluation of properties according to EN 12004 is conducted. The results show how the introduction of recycled rubber can contribute to improve the workability of a tile adhesive, acting as a lightweight aggregate. Moreover, it can contribute to reducing the dynamic elasticity modulus; thus, it has a potential contribution to reduce global tensions in tiling systems, and the adhesion results are maintained by the introduction of slag, another recycled material. The weight reduction reduces mortar consumption, one of the main targets to support indicated strategy and justify a more sustainable performance. The results indicate that the introduction of rubber and slag provide good technical and mechanical performance for the mortars, as well as excellent workability.
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Serhii, Ivanov-Kosteckyy, Gumennyk Inna, and Voronkova Ivanna. "WAYS OF APPLYING 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CREATION OF MODERN ARCHITECTURAL OBJECTS." Vìsnik Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Lʹvìvsʹka polìtehnìka". Serìâ Arhìtektura 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sa2022.01.054.
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The authors analyzed the available technological solutions for 3D print in the process of constructing real architectural structures; presented the relevant data on technical parameters of the contemporary three-dimensional printers; the problems for the development of the technology have been conceptualized, as well as the choice of optimal materials and engineering structures with regard for peculiarities of selected methods of layer-wise extrusion or making buildings parts with their further assembling into the final structure. The authors suggested a list of traditional construction materials to create architectural projects such as mineral heavy weight concrete with the polymer disperse fiber and chemical additives to regulate the terms for hardening astringency, and the promising other materials to produce buildings such as structural glass, various kinds of plastics, ceramic alloys (produced through selective laser sintering), and salt as a basic material to make complex restoration works in the reconstruction process. The outcome of the undertaken theoretical and applied research is presented by the authors in the findings concluding about key benefits from using 3D printers in creating real architectural facilities for various functions, and the choice of an optimal 3D print method on the specific brand of manufacturing machinery with the most efficient software. The authors identified the application areas of the most optimal, economically and structurally justified construction materials fitting the selected technology to build an architectural structure on a 3D printer. The approach can help create relatively inexpensive, aesthetically and functionally interesting architectural facilities for various purposes. In the process of their construction, they entail minimum costs in terms of labor and material resources. It offers broad perspectives to apply 3D printers in the world’s architectural practices.
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Susanto, S. A., D. Hardjito, and A. Antoni. "Review of autonomous self-healing cementitious material." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 907, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/907/1/012006.
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Abstract Concrete is a well-known versatile material, and its application is very common in most structures. Concrete performance is high in compression but low in tensile strength, this leads to the appearance of microcracks when the structure bears the designed loading. Such microcracks when ignored, leaves the structure vulnerable to attacks such as seepage of water, chlorides, and other materials that lead to a reduction in performance, and extreme cases failure of the structure. Since cracking is inevitable in concrete, new materials with self-healing properties are introduced into the mixture to take advantage of the external materials while making the concrete stronger. This type of concrete is widely researched from 1970 until the present day and is still in ‘proof of concept stages, and very few to no applications of autonomous self-healing concrete in real-world structures. This paper is an attempt to further classify the existing methodologies and find the gaps between researchers. The autonomous healing of concrete in present-day research varies in results; this means that the self-healing methodology requires standardization. Furthermore, self-healing in concrete does not mean maintenance is not required, it implies an easier maintenance method is possible due to the benefits gained through a possibly higher early cost in construction.
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Ogirigbo, O. R., J. O. Ukpata, and I. Inerhunwa. "The Potentials of Iron and Steel Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in the Nigerian Construction Industry: A Review." October 2018 2, no. 2 (October 2018): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0092.
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Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is a type of Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) that is currently being used extensively in the global construction industry. SCMs are cheaper than Portland cement, help to improve certain properties of concrete and also help to reduce the environmental footprint associated with the production of Portland cement. GGBS is readily available in most parts of the world as a waste product from iron and steel production. However, its use as a SCM in some countries has not been fully maximized. This is primarily because of lack of documented studies on the properties of GGBS that influences its suitability as a SCM, especially in tropical environments. This paper reviewed the use of GGBS as a SCM for the partial replacement of Portland cement, with particular emphasis on its potential use in tropical warm environments such as Nigeria and other similar countries.
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Rahman, Sherin Khadeeja, and Riyadh Al-Ameri. "Experimental and Artificial Neural Network-Based Study on the Sorptivity Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete with Recycled Cementitious Materials and Basalt Fibres." Recycling 7, no. 4 (August 9, 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling7040055.
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The environmental concerns regarding the production of the most widely consumed cement construction material have led to the need for developing sustainable alternatives. Using recycled industry waste products such as fly ash and slag via geopolymerisation has led to the development of geopolymer cement—an efficient replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Adopting geopolymer cement and concrete as a construction material reduces greenhouse gas and promotes the recycling of waste products. This study explores the suitability of a unique geopolymer concrete mix made of recycled cementitious materials including industry waste products such as fly ash, micro fly ash and slag for use in aggressive environments. Sorptivity tests are conducted to assess the durability of concrete and indicate the cementitious material’s ability to transmit water through the capillary forces. This study thus reports on the sorptivity characteristics of a newly developed self-compacting geopolymer concrete and two other fibre geopolymer concrete mixes containing 1% (by weight) of 12 mm- or 30 mm-long basalt fibres. The addition of basalt fibres indicated less water absorption and moisture ingress than the mix without fibres. The study used 18 specimens from three geopolymer concrete mixes, and the results showed that adding fibres improved the durability performance in terms of resistance to moisture ingress. Finally, an artificial neural network model is developed to predict the absorption rates of geopolymer concrete specimens using MATLAB. The prediction models reported excellent agreement between experimental and simulated datasets.
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Tenório Filho, José Roberto, Maria Adelaide Pereira Gomes de Araújo, Els Mannekens, Nele De Belie, and Didier Snoeck. "Alginate- and sulfonate-based superabsorbent polymers for application in cementitious materials: Effects of kinetics on internal curing and other properties." Cement and Concrete Research 159 (September 2022): 106889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106889.
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Al Martini, Samer, Ahmad Khartabil, and Reem Sabouni. "Evaluation of Thermal Conductivity of Sustainable Concrete Having Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) and Recycled Aggregate (RCA) Using Needle Probe Test." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010109.
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The evaluation of thermal properties is commonly conducted to characterize non-structural materials, such as lightweight concrete, that are used for thermal insulation. Such materials are designed for thermal resistivity applications. Due to the increased demand to adopt sustainable practices in the construction industry, municipalities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) emphasize the use of sustainable materials in construction, such as green concrete. The cement in green concrete is partially replaced with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs); these materials are by-product waste from other industries. The SCMs can contribute to sustainability by reducing the concrete carbon footprint. They can also help in extending concrete durability and service life. However, there is still a lack in the literature regarding the effects of these materials on the thermal properties of concrete. This paper investigates the thermal properties of sustainable concrete mixes incorporating various types of SCMs. The SCMs that are considered in this investigation are fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and microsilica. Another way to improve the sustainability of the concrete is to partially replace the natural aggregates with recycled aggregates. Thus, a group of the concrete mixes in this investigation were prepared by replacing 40% of natural aggregates with recycled aggregates to investigate the effects of recycled aggregate on the thermal properties of concrete. Further, the thermal properties of three lightweight concrete mixtures commonly used in construction were evaluated. All concrete mixtures were examined for thermal conductivity and resistivity in accordance with ASTM D5334. The results of this investigation showed that SCMs and recycled aggregates have a significant impact on the thermal properties of concrete. The high replacement of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) resulted in a remarkable increase in thermal conductivity. This investigation provides significant conclusions and recommendations that are of practical importance to the construction industry in the UAE to promote sustainability. This research aims at formulating recommendations for the effective use of SCMs in the construction industry in the UAE based on their effects on the thermal properties of concrete.
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Belkhir, Zohra, and Mouloud Merzoud. "Improvement of the Mechanical Behavior of Composite Materials with Different Binders Based on Local Plant Fibers Alfa and Diss." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2021-0053.
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Abstract Concerned about the environmental and economic impact, composite materials are increasingly used in the construction sector. Indeed, the use of plant fibers as reinforcement in construction materials have been the subject of several researches in recent years; the main motivation is the weight gain combined with high mechanical characteristics. The objective of this research concerns the study of the physicomechanical properties of composite materials with cement and clay matrices reinforced with Alfa and Diss fibers with dimensions ranging from 2 to 8 cm. This involves evaluating the performance of these materials according to the formulation, for a volume ratio (Alfa or Diss / Matrix fibers equal to 4), using dry fibers and pre-wetted fibers. The study of the mechanical properties showed a drop of the performance for both compression and bending strength compared to the reference material without adding fibers (cement or clay paste). It should be noted that the best mechanical performance is obtained for the case of composites materials with cementitious matrix with pre-wetted fibers. On the other hand, in the case of composites with clayey matrices, pre-wetting does not improve the mechanical characteristics. It is also noted that the best dimensions of fibers which improve the mechanical characteristics in bending are generally 6 cm for composites with a clay matrix and between 2 and 4 cm for cementitious composites. In all cases, the fibers in composite materials with cement or clay matrix create a bridging effect, making it possible to limit the progression of cracks during loading. This phenomenon gives to the various composite materials a ductile behavior.
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Ryabova, Anna V., A. Yu Fanda, Elena A. Yatsenko, and Ming Gin Lee. "Development of Compositions of New Enamel Coatings with Various Operational and Decorative Properties to Protect Steel Architectural and Construction Panels." Materials Science Forum 1037 (July 6, 2021): 684–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1037.684.
Full textAbstract:
Metal enameling is widely used in construction, which differs enameled products from other building materials: the ability to obtain a variety of colors and surfaces; resistance of the surface under the influence of the atmosphere and sunlight; high corrosion resistance; light weight, lightness and quick installation; fire resistance; ease of cleaning; the possibility of mechanizing the manufacture of parts in serial production. The authors of the article have developed the compositions of enamel coatings and investigated their aesthetic and consumer and technical and operational properties. Also, three compositions of new enamel coatings for architectural and construction panels have been developed and enamel coatings of various colors, including pastel colors, have been obtained on their basis.
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Ivanov-Kostetskyi, Serhii, Inna Gumennyk, and Ivanna Voronkova. "Innovative Trends in Architecture – Creating Full-Scape Buildings with the 3D Print Technology." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022099.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Contemporary innovative 3D technologies and machinery to apply them in the 21st century have been dynamically developing and cover increasingly more aspects in the area of architecture when making buildings and structures for various purposes. In the recent years, in various parts of the world much focus has been made on the kind of 3D technologies such as printing real-life architectural structures on printers using the method of phased production by the digital three-dimensional model designed in advance for the architectural project. The paper considers various technologies and technical means, their advantages and flaws, and analyzes key areas of applying 3D printers in the process of implementing various architectural structures. The prospects are identified for the development of the highly efficient technology to construct buildings and structures. The functioning principles of 3D printers are described. We covered the developments of construction and architectural organizations in making structures with the help of 3D print. Key challenges have been identified in the practical application of 3D print when building the architectural structures; the ways to improve the technology in the future are presented. The authors analyzed the available technological solutions for 3D print in the process of constructing real architectural structures; presented the relevant data on technical parameters of the contemporary three-dimensional printers; the problems for the development of the technology have been conceptualized, as well as the choice of optimal materials and engineering structures with regard for peculiarities of selected methods of layer-wise extrusion or making buildings parts with their further assembling into the final structure. The paper presents a summary of basic notions in the 3D print area, it mentions key software programs that could help implement all stages of the architectural structures making process when constructing them. The authors suggested a list of traditional construction materials to create architectural projects such as mineral heavy weight concrete with the polymer disperse fiber and chemical additives to regulate the terms for hardening astringency, and the promising other materials to produce buildings such as structural glass, various kinds of plastics, ceramic alloys (produced through selective laser sintering), and salt as a basic material to make complex restoration works in the reconstruction process. The outcome of the undertaken theoretical and applied research is presented by the authors in the findings concluding about key benefits from using 3D printers in creating real architectural facilities for various functions, and the choice of an optimal 3D print method on the specific brand of manufacturing machinery with the most efficient software. The authors identified the application areas of the most optimal, economically and structurally justified construction materials fitting the selected technology to build an architectural structure on a 3D printer. The approach can help create relatively inexpensive, aesthetically and functionally interesting architectural facilities for various purposes. In the process of their construction, they entail minimum costs in terms of labor and material resources. It offers broad perspectives to apply 3D printers in the world’s architectural practices.