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Journal articles on the topic 'Cementious materials'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 31 August 2024

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1

Uma Maheshwari, K., and N. Venkat Rao. "Effect of Cementious Materials on Corrsion in Carbonated Concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1086, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1086/1/012003.

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Abstract Reinforced Concrete(RC) is an world wide used material than any other man made material in construction. Today civil engineers are facing a major issue with corrosion in RC. The usage of cementious material in concrete prevents the economics loss and damage of structure. Under condition of carbonated concrete, the quantification of corrosion is determined by using condition evaluation methods like galvanostatic method. By using cementious substances like Silica Fume(SF), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), the galvanostatic method will catalyze long lasting and sustainable concrete for the assessment of carbonation induced corrosion. This paper mainly reports on the study of Corrosion Assessment in carbonated and non carbonated specimens. This investigation includes four series (one carbonated and three non-carbonated) of cubes and beams in standard sizes. The reinforcement provided with 12mm diameter as main reinforcement and 8mm diameter as vertical stirrups. The proportions includes M30 Grade of concrete with GGBS (50%), Silica Fume(3%, 5%,10%) as a cement replacements along with superplasticizers. The methodology was adopted by conducting various test like flexural strength, compressive strength, corrosion rate, degree of corrosion, carbonation depth. The results found were effective, as flexural strength and compressive strength were increased due to the addition of cementious materials, where as carbonation depth and corrosion rate decreased.

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2

Xie, Guo Hua, He Qing Du, Shu Jing Zhu, and Yong Jie Xue. "Novel Cementious Materials from Industrial Solid Waste for Silt Soil Solidification." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.711.

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Four kinds of industrial solid waste, granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), electric furnace steel slag (EFSS), semi-dry flue gas desulfurization slag (FGDS) and gypsum were activated by mechanochemistry to prepare a novel kind of cementious material, DA type soil solidification agent (DA agent). Compared to the traditional cementious materials, this paper evaluated DA agent used in silt soil solidification project. Test results showed that DA-4 was prepared with adding the 40% CFBA, 39% GBFS, 11% OPC clinker and 10% gypsum by mill and more superior in material characteristics. It was found that compressive strength of DA-4 paste and mortar specimens at 28-days cured age were 46.0 and 27.3 MPa respectively; 5% of DA-4 was used to stabilize the silt soil in lab and the maximum dry unit weight, optimum moisture content, unconfined compressive strength and CBR value were 1.754 g/cm3, 15.35%, 1.15 MPa and 95.5% respectively. The hardening mechanism of prepared cementious materials is explained by two points: the sulfite or sulfate activation on alkali blast furnace slag; and the hydration product produced from cement clinker hydration process. Besides test programs of the trial pavement section in site showed that stabilized and solidified silt soils by DA-4 can meet the requirement of subgrade of pavement for strength and stiffness.

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3

Wang, Kang, Yu Ping Zhang, Ting Wei Cao, Jie Zhang, and Zhong He Shui. "Effect of Modified Metakaolin on Water Content of Hardened Cementitious Materials of Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 599 (February 2014): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.599.29.

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The effect of modified metakaolin (MMK) on the evaporable water and chemically bound water content of hardened cementitious materials have been investigated. Concrete specimens with 0%, 4%, 7% and 10% of MMK were included. Metakaolin was pre-modified in order to increase the dispersion and contact angle, which might further improve the workability of the concrete. The experimental results showed that both the evaporable water and bound water were increased with the increasing of the MMK content. MMK has a special layered structure. Water can get into the layers through this special layer during the mixing of concrete specimens. Part of MMK with water between the layers didn’t participate in the hydration reaction at the early stage of the hydration, which increased the evaporable water of the cementious materials. The water absorbed in MMK will be released to promote the formation of hydration products and thus the chemically bound water content will increase continuously at the later stages. It also reduced the autogenous shrinkage of the specimens which caused by the decrease of water in capillary pores at low water cement ratio (0.3).

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4

Niu, Hui, Kai Yang, Ke Bin Zhao, and Huan Zheng Chi. "Experimental Study on Improving the early Strength of Fly Ash Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1943.

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This manuscript makes experiments on the macroscopic concrete strength improvement of fly ash activation at early age. At the same time we test the microstructure of fly-ash waste residue concrete cementious materials and calculus, analyzing HPC preliminary mechanism tentatively. The mechanism of improving the early concrete strength by fly ash activation is expatiated, which improves activation mechanism and technology of fly ash.

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5

Sharkawi, Aladdin M., Metwally A. Abd-Elaty, and Omar H. Khalifa. "Synergistic influence of micro-nano silica mixture on durability performance of cementious materials." Construction and Building Materials 164 (March 2018): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.013.

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6

FUKUSHIMA, Yuta, Takayasu ITO, Masashi OSAKI, and Tsuyoshi SAITO. "APPLICATION OF CALCINED CLAY CONTAINING ALLOPHANE AND HALLOYSITE AS A SUPPLYMENTARY CEMENTIOUS MATERIALS." Cement Science and Concrete Technology 77, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14250/cement.77.550.

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7

Wang, Xue, and Yuan Chen Guo. "A Summary of Strength Formation Mechanism of Light Wall Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 1099–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.1099.

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The lisht wall material is one of the major trends of wall materials currently Light weight wall material is made of active mineral powder as a main raw material and P. O cement as a cementious material. Spent foam plastic and some admixtures were added, foamed and cured in the nature under the ordinary temperature and pressure condition. The article introduces and analyzes exhaustively the strength mechanism of lisht wall material and prepares theoretical basis for the preparation of high-strength lisht wall material.

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8

Wang, Xue, and Yuan Chen Guo. "Experimental Research on Strengthen Mechanism of NaOH on Light Wall Materials Prepared from Crushed Brick Powder." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1657.

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Crushed brick light weight wall material, which was made of crushed brick as a main raw material and P•S cement as a cementious material. Crushed foam glass and some admixtures were added, is prepared under the ordinary temperature and pressure condition. The main research in this paper is if NaOH has good alkaline excitation on crushed brick light weight wall material through experimental research and mechanism analysis. Studies have shown that: (1) The main chemical composition of crushed brick powder are SiO2 and Al2O3, crushed brick powder have a certain activity.(2) NaOH releases the activity of the internal soluble SiO2 and Al2O3.(3) In this experiment system, when the caustic soda content is about 3%, there has been an obvious peak of compressive strength.

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9

She, An Ming, Wu Yao, and Wan Cheng Yuan. "Evolution of Various States of Water in Blended Cementitious Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.389.

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Low field NMR, as a nondestructure and noninvasive method was employed to study the evolution of various states of water in blended cementious materials added with fly ash during hydration from 1 day to 100 days. The relative content of water held in series of pores in cement matrix, e.g. capillary pore, mesopore and gel pore, was determined based on the quantitative relationship between transverse relaxation time, T2, and pore dimension. The results indicated that the relative content of chemically bound water was higher at long-term cure of 100 days compared with the neat cement paste. The water distributed in various pores was also influenced by the pozzolanic reactions between fly ash and calcium hydroxide. The gel water and mesopore water increased dramatically during the short-term age of 1 to 7 days in blended matrix, but then decreased gradually after 28 days, unlike that in pure cement paste. Due to the lower hydration degree in blended matrix, there was still amount of capillary water residual in paste to supply for the further hydration of fly ash.

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10

Li, Xiong Hao, Yong Jie Xue, and Min Zhou. "Experimental Study on Utilization FGD Byproducts in Building Bricks." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.753.

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This paper discussed the feasibility of unburned and non-autoclaved, steam cured bricks prepared by FGD byproducts from coal-fired power plants. The results show that FGD byproduct, aggregates, cementious materials and water could be used to prepare bricks during the process of stir and compaction under natural cure and steam cured condition. S4 and Z2 are the optimum design mixture composition. The maximum compressive strength and saturation coefficient are 28.7 MPa and 96.7%. FGD byproducts do no harm to environment and a pilot-scale experiment demonstrates that bricks made with FGDA can meet the MU10 level bricks technical requirement.

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11

Niveditha, M., and Srikanth Koniki. "Effect of Durability properties on Geopolymer concrete – A Review." E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401092.

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Geopolymer concrete is prepared by reacting silicate as well as aluminate consisting materials with a caustic activator. More often, waste materials such as GGBS, fly ash, slag from metal and iron production are used. Recent investigations adding new materials like Alccofine, which improves the properties of geopolymer concrete even at ambient temperature condition. This research paper presents a details literature survey on the durability properties of geopolymer concrete. Various research literatures are previewed on durability of geopolymer concrete with the addition of different supplementary cementious materials as their necessity is increasing due to insistent constituents. Past studies from the literature reviews suggested that replacement of cement with chemical and mineral admixtures enhanced the properties of strength and durability of concrete. The micro structures, Morphological structures by SEM, lower shrinkage, higher mechanical strengths, superior durability with environmental sustainability are observed. XRD studies shown enhanced polymerisation reaction which is responsible for development of strength. Elevated temperatures and Surface deterioration are controlled in GPC than OPC. Geopolymer concrete provides better resistance for specimens to chemical attack and also water absorption, sorptivity, porosity have good influence to the durability properties in ambient curing conditions compared to conventional concrete.

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12

Khazma, Mahmoud, Nemr El Hajj, Adeline Goullieux, Rose Marie Dheilly, and Michèle Queneudec. "Influence of sucrose addition on the performance of a lignocellulosic composite with a cementious matrix." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 39, no. 12 (December 2008): 1901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.09.014.

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13

Guo, Bao Lin, Chang He Yu, Yu Han, and Ju Peng Zhu. "Long-Term Performance of Concrete Suffered Infant Age Freezing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.524.

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Interior water migrated towards the surface area when concrete suffered minus temperature during infant ages. Cover concrete became the worst part after the complicated process of water freezing – thawing, intermittent hydration of cementious materials and volatilization. Presentation quality, carbonization depth and rebound value in 120 d ages were observed and tested in situation. There were some calcium carbonate stains spread over the web, many swelling points and radial ice lens spread over the surface of box girder. The carbonization depth was over 10mm, and the rebound value of web concrete lower than 50, some areas’ lower than 35, variance larger than 30. Compared with other parts, the rebound value of web bottom concrete was the lowest and the variance biggest. For the same cross section, there were obviously difference of concrete quality between sunny face and shady ones, which enhanced the un-uniformity of element and made the stress distribution more complicated and uncertainty. Some effective measures must be taken to avoid the infant age frozen in order to assure the concrete quality constructed during the winter.

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14

Rahartri, Rahartri. "ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI STANDAR DI KAWASAN PUSPIPTEK SERPONG: BERDASARKAN JENIS DAN KLASIFIKASINYA." BACA: JURNAL DOKUMENTASI DAN INFORMASI 40, no. 2 (May 16, 2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.baca.v40i2.436.

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This study aims to find out the standard information needs in the Puspiptek Region. While the specific objective of this study is to know the types of standard and standard classification required. The study was carried out descriptively. The data were collected by inventorying standard information needs during the 2011-2017 period. The results of this study concluded: 1) the type of standard information needed in Puspiptek Serpong Area are ASTM, JIS, ISO, BS, SNI, DIN, IEC, UIC; 2) based on the classification, the standards needed in the Puspiptek Serpong area are: a) ASTM, miscellaneous material classification; miscellaneous subjects; cementious, ceramic, concrete, and masonry material; b) JIS, railway engineering classification; chemical engineering; mechanical engineering; c) ISO, rubber and plastic industries classification; metallurgy; road vehicles engineering; d) British standard, agriculture classification; construction materials and building; chemical technology; e) SNI, metallurgy classification; food technology; construction materials and building; f) DIN standard, rubber and plastic industries classification; paint and colour industries; g) IEC standard, electrical engineering classification; testing/ environmental testing. The results of this study can be the recommendations for decision makers in the context of procurement/provision of documents, especially standard documents in the Puspiptek Serpong, for the development of science and technology.

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15

Priyatham Paul, S., and Venu Malagavelli. "Experimental investigation on high volume ground granulated blast furnace slag concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1086, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1086/1/012044.

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Abstract The present confront among the construction industry is to curtail the production of the ordinary Portland cement (OPC), which is directly responsible to the emission of harmful gases like CO2 during the manufacturing and also depletion of natural resources like lime stone, coal etc. The present investigation is focused to develop the sustainable concrete using complementary cementing materials (CCMs) for the sustainable environment. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is one among the sustainable alternatives for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) to produce green concrete and because of its high calcium silicate content it has excellent cementious content and has been used in the construction industry for years as a replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The paper presents the performance of the Binary concrete made by replacing the OPC with high volume GGBS up to 70%. In total 6 binary mixtures and conventional mix were prepared for M40 grade of concrete. Flow characteristics and strength properties (compression, split tensile and flexural strength) are determined for both conventional and binary concrete at the age of 7, 28, 60, 90 days. The test results proved that the binary concrete had considerable performance regarding workability and strength of the binary concrete over conventional mix.

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16

Ganguly, Debabrata, Sipra Khanra, Debottam Goswami, Angshuman Santra, Uttam Kumar Ghorai, Sanjoy Kumar Ghorai, Amit Das, Kajal Sarkar, and Santanu Chattopadhyay. "Controlling the mechanoadaptive properties of hydrogenated nitrile rubber by the incorporation of cementious based industrial waste for downhole application." Polymer Composites 41, no. 10 (July 30, 2020): 4397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.25721.

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17

Wachira, Jackson Muthengia, Joseph Karanja Thiong’o, Joseph Mwiti Marangu, and Leonard Genson Murithi. "Physicochemical Performance of Portland-Rice Husk Ash-Calcined Clay-Dried Acetylene Lime Sludge Cement in Sulphate and Chloride Media." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (April 8, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5618743.

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This paper reports leach and/or intake of SO42−, Cl−, Ca2+, Na+, and K+ from and/or into cement mortar cubes made from a novel cementious material in naturally encountered environmental simulated media. The paper also reports changes in pH of the media over time of exposure to the cement mortar cubes. The compressive strength changes of the test cement in simulated media are also reported. The novel cement, labelled PCDC, made from intermixing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with waste materials which included rice husks, waste bricks, acetylene lime sludge, and spent bleaching earth was previously tested and found to meet the Kenyan Standard requirements for Portland pozzolana cement (PPC). 100 mm mortar cubes were prepared, and their compressive strengths were determined after exposure to the sea water. The media included sea water, distilled water, and solutions of sulphates and chlorides separately for a period of six months. The tests were carried alongside commercial PPC and OPC. The results showed that the PCDC exhibited comparable selected ions intake and/or leach to PPC in sea water, sulphate solutions, and distilled water. In chloride solutions, the cement exhibited the highest leach in the selected ions except K+ and Na+ ions. The results further showed that PCDC exhibited lower pH in all the media compared to OPC and PPC. The tests showed that the novel cement can be used for general construction work in the tested media in a similar manner to PPC.

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18

Janssen, Donald, Monica Lundgren, Robert Shogren, Peter Utgenannt, and Elisabeth Helsing. "Cementitious materials limitations for concrete exposed to deicing salt plus repeated cycles of freezing and thawing." ce/papers 6, no. 6 (December 2023): 1168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2946.

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AbstractReducing the carbon footprint of concrete generally involves reducing the amount of calcium oxide in the cementitous materials by blending flyash and/or ground limestone into the cement or by replacing some of the cement with supplementary cementitious materials. This increases the ratio of SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 to CaO+MgO in the cementitious material. While reducing the CaO content of cementitious materials is good for the environment, it may not be good for concrete exposed to deicing salts plus repeated cycles of freezing and thawing due to the effect of carbonation. Though carbonation can refine the pore structure when using only portland cement, it coarsens the pore structure when using high levels of cement replacement. This leads to increased scaling potential. A review of the effects of different cementitious materials combinations on carbonation along with an examination of field performance of concrete exposed to deicing salt plus repeated cycles of freezing and thawing is used to develop a relationship based on the ratio of SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 to CaO+MgO in order to determine when limitations on cement replacement, or additional protective measures may be needed when scaling is a concern.

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19

De Gutiérrez, R. M., S. Delvasto, and R. Talero. "Una nueva puzolana para materiales cementicios de elevadas prestaciones." Materiales de Construcción 50, no. 260 (December 30, 2000): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2000.v50.i260.386.

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20

Lv, Z., and D. Chen. "Overview of recent work on self-healing in cementitious materials." Materiales de Construcción 64, no. 316 (October 14, 2014): e034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2014.05313.

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21

Snellings, R., G. Mertens, and J. Elsen. "Supplementary Cementitious Materials." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 74, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 211–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2012.74.6.

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22

Lothenbach, Barbara, Karen Scrivener, and R. D. Hooton. "Supplementary cementitious materials." Cement and Concrete Research 41, no. 12 (December 2011): 1244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.12.001.

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23

Singh, Nakshatra B., and Shiv S. Das. "Nanoscience of cementitious materials." Emerging Materials Research 1, no. 4 (August 2012): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/emr.11.00022.

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24

Macphee, Donald, and Sidney Diamond. "Thaumasite in Cementitious Materials." Cement and Concrete Composites 25, no. 8 (December 2003): 805–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-9465(03)00165-3.

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25

Wang, Juan, Yaoqun Xu, Xiaopeng Wu, Peng Zhang, and Shaowei Hu. "Advances of graphene- and graphene oxide-modified cementitious materials." Nanotechnology Reviews 9, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0041.

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AbstractEmerging nanomaterials provide an invaluable opportunity for the development of cementitious materials. Many scholars have explored the influence of graphene (GP) and graphene oxide (GO) on the performance of the cementitious materials. This article reviews the previous research on the effect of GP and GO on the properties of cementitious materials. Detailed review of the mechanical properties and durability of cementitious materials containing GP or GO nanofilms is presented, and the mechanism is discussed. The mechanical properties of GO-cementitious materials are significantly enhanced. The optimal improvement of GO-modified compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths is 77.3%, 78.3%, and 78.6%, respectively. The durability of GO- and GP-modified cementitious material is compared with the control group. The incorporation of GP or GO significantly improves the sulfate attack resistance, and the transport properties can be decreased, while the frost resistance of GO- and GP-modified cementitious materials needs further research. This literature review shows that the microstructure of GO- and GP-modified cementitious material is improved in three aspects: accelerating the cement hydration, refining the pore structure, and hindering the crack propagation.

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26

Lin, Wei Ting, Yuan Chieh Wu, An Cheng, and Sao Jeng Chao. "Engineering Properties of Fiber Cementitious Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.42.

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Fiber cementitious materials are composed of fibers, pozzolan and cementitious. Addition of fibers in cementitious materials may enhance its mechanical properties, particularly tensile strength, and ductility. This project is aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties of fiber cementitious materials which comprise fibers and silica fume in the mixes. Test variables include dosage of silica fume, mix proportions, steel fiber dosage and type. Compressive strength, direct tensile strength and splitting tensile strength of the specimen were obtained through tests. Test results indicate that the splitting tensile strength, direct tensile strength, strain capacity and ability of crack-arresting increase with increasing steel fiber and silica fume dosages. The optimum composite is the mixture with 5 % replacement silica fume and 2 % fiber volume. In addition, the nonlinear regression analysis was used to determine the best-fit relationship between mechanical properties and test parameters.

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27

Krishnamoorthy, T. S., S. Gopalakrishnan, K. Balasubramanian, B. H. Bharatkumar, and P. Rama Mohan Rao. "Investigations on the cementitious grouts containing supplementary cementitious materials." Cement and Concrete Research 32, no. 9 (September 2002): 1395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-8846(02)00799-8.

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28

Lu, Cai Rong, Xue Liang Ge, Guo Xing Mei, Wei Bao Liu, Heng Wang, and Yao Li Qian. "Effect of Drought on Dry Shrinkage of Cementitious Materials." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.606.

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Shrinkage stress of cementitious materials will generate if the dry shrinkage is restrained in drought condition. Shrinkage stress has influence on crack resistance of cementitious materials. The dry shrinkage of cementitious materials in different relative humidity was studied with Climate Simulation System. The dry shrinkage change law of concrete in 20°C, 60% relative humidity for 500 days and in 20°C, 10% relative humidity for 180 days was compared. The relation between water loss rate and shrinkage rate of cementitious materials in drought condition was analyzed.

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29

Gao, Xiang, Qing Hua Li, and Shi Lang Xu. "Influence of Hybrid Fibers on Flexural Properties of Ultra High Toughness Cementitous Composites with Nano-SiO₂." Key Engineering Materials 645-646 (May 2015): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.645-646.411.

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Ultra High Toughness Cementitous Composites (UHTCC) is a unique class of the ultra-ductile fiber reinforced cementitious composites. To meet the increasingly high requirements for materials in the construction, nanoSiO2, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and steel (ST) fibers were added into UHTCC to improve the mechanical property and control the crack width. Multiple effects of nanosilica and hybrid fibers on the flexural properties of UHTCC under three-point bending are evaluated. The results show that nanoSiO2 can increase flexural strength of UHTCC while equivalent deformability is guaranteed. When the addition of nanoSiO2 is 5%, the highest flexural strength is 15.77MPa. Moreover, hybrid steel-PVA fibers effectively mitigate negative influence from nanoSiO2 which induce the wider cracks of UHTCC as the stronger matrix. Comparing with mono fiber composites, hybrid fibers composites exhibit remarkably higher flexural strength and slightly lower deformation. The best performance are 24.85MPa and 2.34% at maximum volume of hybrid fibers.

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30

Flatt, Robert J., Nicos Martys, and Lennart Bergström. "The Rheology of Cementitious Materials." MRS Bulletin 29, no. 5 (May 2004): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2004.96.

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AbstractThe introduction of a new generation of dispersants in concrete allow this material to exhibit self-compacting properties in its fresh state and high durability and mechanical strength in its hardened state. These properties translate into many practical advantages for the construction field.Two of the most important are reducing the ecological impact of this sector of industry and reducing the labor-intensive work associated with placing ordinary concrete by vibration. In this article, it will be shown that knowledge of colloidal science has proven essential in the development of this new generation of dispersants for concrete. Indeed, the polymer molecules used in these dispersants are specifically designed to induce steric repulsion between cement particles, reducing their agglomeration and allowing high workability of fresh concrete prior to setting. While the linkage between interparticle forces and the rheological behavior of cement pastes is still only semiquantitative, recent advances in the modeling of concrete rheology show very promising results in terms of handling aggregates with a wide distribution of particle sizes and shapes. However, accurate modeling requires reliable input on the interaction of the dispersant with the hydrating cement at the molecular level, which is identified as a future research challenge.

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31

Simner, Steven, Fanny Coutelot, Hyunshik Chang, and John Seaman. "Technetium Leaching from Cementitious Materials." MRS Advances 2, no. 13 (2017): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.35.

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ABSTRACTAt the Savannah River Site (SRS) low activity salt solution is stabilized via encapsulation within a grout termed saltstone. Saltstone is emplaced into large (multi-million gallon) concrete storage facilities referred to as Saltstone Disposal Units (SDUs). Technetium-99 (99Tc) is a long-lived radionuclide contained in the low activity salt waste and subsequently incorporated into the grout waste form: it is considered a significant contributor to risk with respect to the long-term radiation exposure of the environment surrounding the SDUs. In the reducing, high pH environment within the grout,99Tc is expected to be relatively immobile since it exists in a reduced Tc(IV) oxidation state in the form of sparingly soluble sulfides (TcSx) or hydrated oxides (TcO2.xH2O). However, in the presence of O2(associated with the future infiltration of air or oxygenated ground waters into the saltstone monolith) it is possible for redox-sensitive Tc(IV) to transition into highly soluble (and mobile) Tc(VII) species, pertechnetate (TcO4-), which is more readily transported to the surrounding environment. Traditional approaches to quantifying the leaching behavior of99Tc from cementitious matrices have involved partitioning experiments using size-reduced (crushed/ground) saltstone samples, and determination of the99Tc fraction immobilized by the cementitious solids. Such experiments create artificially high solid-solution contact areas that likely result in higher99Tc leachate concentrations than would be expected for intact, monolithic samples. In the current study a new technique, termed the Dynamic Leaching Method (DLM), is being used to investigate the99Tc leaching behavior of monolithic saltstone samples. The data derived using this technique is intended to inform the SRS Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF) Performance Assessment (PA) which models the long-term transport of radionuclides from the SDUs to the environment. The DLM utilizes a flexible-wall permeameter to achieve saturated leaching under an elevated hydraulic gradient in an effort to simulate the transport of groundwater through saltstone. Initial findings indicate that the99Tc concentrations in the leachate are on the order of 1E-08 mol/L which suggests that the saltstone leaching behavior is controlled by the solubility of TcO2.xH2O compounds.

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32

Leung, Chin K., and Zachary C. Grasley. "Poromechanical Damping of Cementitious Materials." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 24, no. 2 (February 2012): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0000368.

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33

Wieland, Erich, Jan Tits, Dominik Kunz, and Rainer Dähn. "Strontium Uptake by Cementitious Materials." Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 2 (January 2008): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es071227y.

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34

Igarashi, S., A. Bentur, and S. Mindess. "Microhardness testing of cementitious materials." Advanced Cement Based Materials 4, no. 2 (September 1996): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1065-7355(96)90051-6.

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35

Zhang, Zhidong, and George W. Scherer. "Supercritical drying of cementitious materials." Cement and Concrete Research 99 (September 2017): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.05.005.

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36

Sugiyama, Daisuke, Tomonari Fujita, Taiji Chida, and Masaki Tsukamoto. "Alteration of fractured cementitious materials." Cement and Concrete Research 37, no. 8 (August 2007): 1257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.05.003.

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37

Tamás, Ferenc, and György L. Balázs. "Fracture mechanics of cementitious materials." Cement and Concrete Research 27, no. 5 (May 1997): 797–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-8846(97)00021-5.

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38

Rong, Hui, and ChunXiang Qian. "Characterization of microbe cementitious materials." Chinese Science Bulletin 57, no. 11 (April 2012): 1333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5047-9.

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39

Mindess, S. "Fracture mechanics of cementitious materials." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 5 (October 1, 1996): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-922.

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40

Carriço, Ana, José Alexandre Bogas, and Mafalda Guedes. "Thermoactivated cementitious materials – A review." Construction and Building Materials 250 (July 2020): 118873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118873.

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41

Stroeven, P., and J. Hu. "Gradient structures in cementitious materials." Cement and Concrete Composites 29, no. 4 (April 2007): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.10.002.

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42

Zajac, Maciej, Ippei Maruyama, Atsushi Iizuka, and Jørgen Skibsted. "Enforced carbonation of cementitious materials." Cement and Concrete Research 174 (December 2023): 107285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107285.

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43

Han, Baoguo, Yunyang Wang, Siqi Ding, Xun Yu, Liqing Zhang, Zhen Li, and Jinping Ou. "Self-sensing cementitious composites incorporated with botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials for smart infrastructures." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 6 (July 28, 2016): 699–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16657416.

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The botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials were incorporated into cementitious materials to develop a new type of self-sensing cementitious composites, and then the mechanical, electrically conductive, and piezoresistive behaviors of the developed self-sensing cementitious composites with botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials were comprehensively investigated. Moreover, the modification mechanisms of botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials to cementitious materials were also explored. The experimental results show that the compressive strength and the elasticity modulus of the self-sensing cementitious composites botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials decrease with the increase in the botryoid hybrid nano-carbon material content, while the Poisson’s ratio does the opposite. The percolation threshold zone of the self-sensing cementitious composites botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials is from 2.28 to 3.85 vol.%. The optimal content of botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials is 3.38 vol.% for piezoresistivity of the self-sensing cementitious composites botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials. The amplitude of fractional change in resistivity goes up to 70.4% and 28.9%, respectively, under the monotonic compressive loading to failure and under the repeated compressive loading within elastic regime. The piezoresistive stress/strain sensitivity reaches (3.04%/MPa)/354.28 within elastic regime. The effective modification of botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials to electrically conductive and piezoresistive properties of cementitious materials at such low content is attributed to their botryoid structures, which are beneficial for the dispersion of botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials and the formation of conductive network in cementitious materials. The use of botryoid hybrid nano-carbon materials provides a new bottom–up design and fabrication approach for nano-engineering multifunctional cementitious composites.

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Yazdanbakhsh, Ardavan, Zachary Grasley, Bryan Tyson, and Rashid Abu Al-Rub. "Challenges and Benefits of Utilizing Carbon Nanofilaments in Cementitious Materials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/371927.

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Carbon nanofibers/tubes (CNF/Ts) are very strong and stiff and as a result, are expected to be capable of enhancing the mechanical properties of cementitious materials significantly. Yet there are practical issues concerning the utilization of CNF/Ts in cementitious materials. This study summarizes some of the past efforts made by different investigators for utilizing carbon nanofilaments in cementitious materials and also reports recent experimental research performed by the authors on the mechanical properties of CNF-reinforced hardened cement paste. The major difficulties concerning the utilization of CNF/Ts in cementitious materials are introduced and discussed. Most of these difficulties are related to the poor dispersibility of CNF/Ts. However, the findings from the research presented in this work indicate that, despite these difficulties, carbon nanofilaments can significantly improve the mechanical properties of cementitious materials. The results show that CNFs, even when poorly dispersed within the cementitious matrix, can remarkably increase the flexural strength and cracking resistance of concrete subjected to drying conditions.

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Dong, Yun, Kai Tao Xiao, and Hua Quan Yang. "Influence of Limestone Powder on the Performance of Cementitious Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.123.

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This paper study on the mortar strength, particle gradation and mortar fluidity of binary and ternary systems for cementitious materials with limestone powder or fly ash, analyze the influence of limestone powders with different specific surface areas and contents on the performance of cementitious materials; and research the performance of limestone powder in cementitious materials by means of micro analysis. The result shows that the limestone powder can not only work as the filling material, but also speed up the early hydration of cement in the cementitious material system.

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Chen, Qin Wen, and Chun Xiang Qian. "A Novel Approach to Characterize the Quantity and Distribution of Microorganisms in Microbial Self-Healing Cementitious Materials." Key Engineering Materials 871 (January 2021): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.871.386.

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Microorganisms can effectively heal the cracks of cementitious materials through the formation of calcium carbonate by microbial mineralization deposition, which has a wide application prospect in cementitious materials. In order to analysis the activity change and distribution of microorganisms in cementitious materials, this paper prepared cement pastes incorporated microbial powder, and extracted microorganisms by pre-crushing, grinding and ultrasonic, at the age of 3, 7 and 28 days respectively. The relationship between the optical density and effector cells is near linear fit, reflecting the activity change and specific distribution of microorganisms in cement paste specimen of different ages. The in-depth research on the activity change and distribution of microorganisms in the microbial cementitious materials can effectively characterize the microorganisms in the cementitious materials, which has a guiding role in microbial self-healing cementitious materials.

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Suraneni, Prannoy, Vahid Jafari Azad, Burkan O. Isgor, and William Jason Weiss. "Calcium oxychloride formation in pastes containing supplementary cementitious materials: Thoughts on the role of cement and supplementary cementitious materials reactivity." RILEM Technical Letters 1 (May 29, 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2016.7.

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Over the last decade many concrete pavements in North America have begun to show excessive damage at the joints. This damage appears to be due to two primary causes: classic freeze-thaw damage due to local saturation caused by the pooling of water at the joints, and formation of an expansive phase known as calcium oxychloride due to a reaction between chloride-based deicing salts and calcium hydroxide in concrete. This letter explores the formation of calcium oxychloride in cementitious matrices based on constituent materials and mixture compositions. Low temperature differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to quantify the amount of calcium oxychloride and calcium hydroxide, respectively. Thermodynamic modeling was used to predict calcium hydroxide contents from the constituent material compositions. It is shown that calcium oxychloride contents are well correlated with calcium hydroxide contents in cementitious pastes. Supplementary cementitious materials, such as fly ash and slag, can reduce calcium oxychloride formation by reducing the amount of calcium hydroxide. Complexities in the determination of reactivity of supplementary cementitious materials based on their replacement level and different water-to-cement ratios are discussed. Although it is clear that supplementary cementitious materials are beneficial in reducing calcium oxychloride formation, additional analysis tools are needed to more accurately quantify the specific mechanisms (such as dilution, pozzolanic or hydraulic reaction, changes in cement hydration) that result in the beneficial aspects of each supplementary cementitious material.

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48

Suraneni, Prannoy, Vahid Jafari Azad, Burkan O. Isgor, and William Jason Weiss. "Calcium oxychloride formation in pastes containing supplementary cementitious materials: Thoughts on the role of cement and supplementary cementitious materials reactivity." RILEM Technical Letters 1 (May 29, 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.v1.7.

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Over the last decade many concrete pavements in North America have begun to show excessive damage at the joints. This damage appears to be due to two primary causes: classic freeze-thaw damage due to local saturation caused by the pooling of water at the joints, and formation of an expansive phase known as calcium oxychloride due to a reaction between chloride-based deicing salts and calcium hydroxide in concrete. This letter explores the formation of calcium oxychloride in cementitious matrices based on constituent materials and mixture compositions. Low temperature differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to quantify the amount of calcium oxychloride and calcium hydroxide, respectively. Thermodynamic modeling was used to predict calcium hydroxide contents from the constituent material compositions. It is shown that calcium oxychloride contents are well correlated with calcium hydroxide contents in cementitious pastes. Supplementary cementitious materials, such as fly ash and slag, can reduce calcium oxychloride formation by reducing the amount of calcium hydroxide. Complexities in the determination of reactivity of supplementary cementitious materials based on their replacement level and different water-to-cement ratios are discussed. Although it is clear that supplementary cementitious materials are beneficial in reducing calcium oxychloride formation, additional analysis tools are needed to more accurately quantify the specific mechanisms (such as dilution, pozzolanic or hydraulic reaction, changes in cement hydration) that result in the beneficial aspects of each supplementary cementitious material.

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49

Maury, A., and N. De Belie. "Estado del arte de los materiales a base de cemento que contienen TiO₂: propiedades auto-limpiantes." Materiales de Construcción 60, no. 298 (May 24, 2010): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2010.48408.

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50

Mann, Colleen, Tjin Le Hoh, Clare L. Thorpe, and Claire L. Corkhill. "Dissolution of glass in cementitious solutions: An analogue study for vitrified waste disposal." MRS Advances 3, no. 21 (2018): 1147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.227.

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The dissolution of a soda-lime silicate glass in two cement leachate compositions, Young Cement Water (YCW) and Ca(OH)2, was investigated, as an analogue for dissolution of vitrified nuclear waste in a cementitious geological disposal facility. Dissolution was performed at repository temperatures (50°C) and under CO2-exclusion. Dissolution rates were observed to be a factor of 20 times higher in YCW than in Ca(OH)2, as result of the high potassium content of YCW solutions. The precipitation of the zeolite phase, K-phillipsite (K(Si,Al)8O16·6H2O), is thought to be responsible for elevated dissolution rates. Conversely, in Ca(OH)2 solutions, the precipitation of calcium- and silica-containing phases, such as tobermorite (Ca5Si6O16(OH)·4H2O), acted to reduce rates of dissolution by forming a barrier to diffusion. These results show that dissolution of vitrified nuclear waste materials in a cementitous repository may be significant during the early stages of cement leaching in groundwater.

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