Journal articles: 'Cellulose hand-sheets'

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Ouhammou, Mourad, Abderrahim Jaouad, Mohamed Bouchdoug, and Mostafa Mahrouz. "Extraction and Isolation of Cellulose from Cladodes of Cactus Opuntia Ficus-Indica." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 3, no. 9 (October 2022): 1108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1562.

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Cellulose is the most abundant material in the earth, it is considered a renewable polymer of the cell walls of wood and plant cells, their interest and their use in different field is the purpose of extracting it namely: cellulose native (cotton), the transformation of cellulose into sheets (paper and filter paper), cupric cellulose, zinc cellulose (industrial applications), the functionalization of cellulosic materials in the field of printed electronics, textile, treatment, medicine, and agribusiness. The objective of this study, is the extraction of cellulose at several stages and recovery of a waste based on old cactus rackets, type Opuntia ficus -indica smooth. The cellulose extracted showed good isolation, dispersion and purification of nanofibrils by the removal of oils, mucilage, pectins, hemicellulose and coloring substances. The substitution of ethanol by acetone in the extraction protocol used [1], gave suspensions of purified cell walls is well individualized, on the other hand the cellulose extracted from the beet pulp, chuck pulp prickly pear fruit peel requires a mechanical homogenizer.

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Vähä-Nissi, Mika, Timo Lappalainen, and Kristian Salminen. "The wet strength of water- and foam-laid cellulose sheets prepared with polyamideamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 33, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2018-3056.

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Abstract Some paper and paperboard grades require strength also when rewetted. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of web forming method, different foaming agents, polyamideamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) wet strength resin, and retention aids on the strength development of hand sheets. Only a slight, if any, improvement in dry tensile strength due to PAE resin was observed. PAE improved the wet strength of the water-laid sheets, and the retention systems had a minor but positive impact. Although wet strength was lower at given PAE addition levels, the trend was similar with the sheets foam-laid with an anionic foaming agent, except at high PAE levels. With the non-ionic surfactant the maximum level of wet strength was reached already at a low PAE addition level and use of retention aids decreased wet strength. Such differences between the water- and foam-laid sheets are most likely due to the chemical interactions between PAE, foaming agents, and other additives.

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Prambauer, Martina, Christian Paulik, and Christoph Burgstaller. "Mechanical Properties of Structural Paper-Polypropylene Composite Laminates." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.11.

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Natural fiber reinforced polymers have gained increasing interest in research with the aim of replacing conventional reinforcements, such synthetic or glass fibers. In this work, whole paper sheets of copy, filter and newspaper were used for fabricating cellulose fiber reinforced polypropylene composites with MAPP as a coupling agent. By varying the amount and type of paper, the influence of these parameters on the mechanical properties was observed. The laminates were produced by a film hand stacking method and hot pressing. The characterization was carried out by tensile and flexural testing. Remarkable results were obtained for copy and newspaper composites at a fiber content of 30 and 40 vol.-%. In summary, structural paper reinforced composites with attractive mechanical properties were obtained, indicating the high potential of whole paper sheets as polymer reinforcement.

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Pan, Yuan Feng, Hui Ning Xiao, and Catherine Beh. "Branched and Responsive Antimicrobial Polymers Based on Modified PVA for Functionalizing of Cellulose Fibres." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.414.

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In this work polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was modified via grafting or coupling with the guanidine-based antimicrobial polymer using epichlorohydrin as a crosslinking agent. The resulting polymer was tested for its charge density and inhibition against E.coli. The modified PVA adsorbed onto cellulose fibres via electrostatic association; thus resulting in the hand-sheets (or paper) with improved antimicrobial activity. As a further extension of this work, the temperature-responsive antimicrobial polymers were prepared based on acetalyzed PVA (APVA) grafted with guanidine-based polymer chains. In conjunction with anionic APVA copolymer (APVA copolymerized with sodium acrylate), the cationic and responsive APVA formed a unique antimicrobial polymer system via layer by layer (LbL) assembly, which could adsorb on fibre surfaces and be incorporated into cellulose fibre networks, leading to the functionalizing of cellulose fibres. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of APVA copolymer could be tailored by controlling the degrees of acetalysis (DA) and co-monomer ratios. AFM images obtained to reveal the roughness of the surfaces; while the antimicrobial test proved that cellulose fiber assembled with APVA-based multilayers exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against E.coli.

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Henniges, Ute, Manfred Schwanninger, and Antje Potthast. "Non-destructive determination of cellulose functional groups and molecular weight in pulp hand sheets and historic papers by NIR-PLS-R." Carbohydrate Polymers 76, no. 3 (April 9, 2009): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.10.028.

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Omori, Sho, Takayuki Morita, Koki Matsumoto, Asahiro Nagatani, and Tatsuya Tanaka. "Influence of Agitation Equipment on Reinforcing Effect and Dispersion State of Cellulose Nano-Fibers in Natural Rubber." Key Engineering Materials 754 (September 2017): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.754.23.

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There are many rubber products like tires, and reinforcing agents derived from fossil resources such as carbon black (CB) are used for them. However, in recent years, conversion to biomass resources has been demanded due to problems such as depletion of fossil resources. Therefore, we have studied the composite of natural rubber (NR) reinforced with cellulose nano-fibers (CNF), which has attracted attention as a next-generation biomass resource. It is very difficult to uniformly disperse CNF in the conventional kneading process. Therefore, it is preferable to agitate CNF in NR latex. Then, it is necessary to study the optimum agitation equipment of CNF. In this study, the reinforcing effect by CNF was investigated when the agitation equipment was changed. Agitation of NR latex and CNF was carried out by a hand, a homogenizer, a dispersion mixer, and planetary centrifugal mixer. Thereafter, agitated materials were dried and masterbatches were made. Furthermore, the masterbatch and vulcanizing agents were kneaded using an internal mixer. Tensile test and X-ray CT observation of the prepared vulcanized rubber sheets were carried out to evaluate the reinforcing effect and dispersion state of CNF. As a result, the planetary centrifugal mixer was most useful to uniformly disperse CNF.

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Misbahuddin, M., D. Biswas, and U. Roy. "Suitability of eight years kadam tree (Neolamarckia cadamba) in chemical pulping." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 34, no. 4 (November 18, 2019): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2019-0041.

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Abstract Kadam is a fast growing tree species in Bangladesh. The main aim of this study is to observe the influence of tree age of kadam on chemical pulping. In this research 8, 18 and 30 years old kadam wood were pulped under different active alkali of 16, 18 and 19 % maintaining 25 % sulphidity and its effect on chemical composition, kappa number, pulp yield and delignification was investigated. The result shows that the content of extractive, lignin, alpha-cellulose and hemicellulose increase to different content along with the increase of tree age. There are also some differences of pulping properties with different tree age. Pulp yield of 8 years old kadam is higher than other ages of kadam trees. The hand sheets were made and the physical strength properties likely tear, tensile and burst were evaluated at two freeness level. The pulps produced from 8 year kadam tree obsessed reasonable strength properties. These could be used for producing moderate quality writing, printing and wrapping papers. Pulp wood of 8 years kadam is more suitable for pulping, compared to that 18 and 30 years.

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Hamad, Wadood Y., Norayr Gurnagul, and Deepaksh Gulati. "Analysis of fibre deformation processes in high-consistency refining based on Raman microscopy and X-ray diffraction." Holzforschung 66, no. 6 (August 1, 2012): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2012-0502.

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Abstract Raman microscopy has been used for the first time to predict the degree of micro-compressions in pulp fibres by monitoring the shift of the 1095 cm-1 Raman sensitive band under external loading. Strain sensitivity – the rate of change of Raman shift with respect to applied strain – provided a quantifiable measure of the degree of micro-compressions in pulp fibres. A methodology was developed to relate structure-property-process relations in high consistency refining (HCR) under atmospheric and pressurised conditions (AHRC and PHCR, respectively) based on powder X-ray diffraction and Raman microscopy. The state of stress and interfibrillar deformation of the cellulosic microfibrils within the cell wall were examined rigorously. PHCR pulps have a propensity for larger crystallite size, as well as larger portions of crystalline and paracrystalline components, thereby resulting in a more stressed microfibrillar arrangement mesoscopically. The higher density of cellulose chain packing and stressing renders the microfibrils more resistant to applied strain (yielding lower strain sensitivity through the Raman measurement). At the macroscopic level, the changes in the nano- and microscale are translated into a higher degree of micro-compression, or larger concertina-like, large-scale deformations; this can be observed as a more elastic-plastic macroscopic behaviour. Examination of the resistance of fibre curl and/or kinks in PHCR pulps against applied stress, supported the hypothesis that PHCR induces more micro-compressions. This macroscopic change in PHCR pulp fibres is also manifest in better properties of hand-sheets, such as stretch and tensile energy absorption.

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Chavan, Vithal Rao, K. R. Dinesh, K. Veeresh, Veerabhadrappa Algur, and Manjunath Shettar. "Influence of post curing on GFRP hybrid composite." MATEC Web of Conferences 144 (2018): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814402011.

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Composite materials for the most part depicted as the mixes of two or more materials that outcome in the unmistakable properties than that of guard materials. Fibre strengthened plastics have been all around utilized for get-together flying machine and transport key parts as a delayed consequence of their specific mechanical and physical properties, for example, high particular quality and high particular robustness. Another pertinent application for fibre maintained polymeric composites (particularly glass fibre strengthened plastics) is in the electronic business, in which they are utilized for passing on printed wiring sheets. The utilization of polymer composite materials is winding up being powerfully essential. The present work delineates the change and mechanical portrayal of new polymer composites including glass fibre fortress, epoxy and maple cellulose fibre. The starting late made composites are delineated for their mechanical properties. The composite spreads were set up by utilizing hand layup framework. The experiments were conducted on and studied the effect of post curing on hybrid composites. The result reveals that the samples only with natural fibre have more promising results compared with synthetic fibre. The synthetic fibres get wrinkled due to post curing were as no such visuals in the natural fibres.

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Subramanian, Ramjee, Henrik Fordsmand, and Hannu Paulapuro. "Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) - cellulose composite fillers: Effects of PCC particle structure on the production and properties of uncoated fine paper." BioResources 2, no. 1 (February 24, 2007): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.2.1.91-105.

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This work examines the precipitation of PCC – pulp composite fillers with varying crystal habits and their effects on the papermaking properties of printing and writing paper. Colloidal (c-PCC), rhombohedral (r-PCC), and scalenohedral types (s-PCC) of composite PCCs were produced and compared with commercial reference PCCs. Scanning electron micros-copy showed the c-PCC to be a high-surface-area nano-structured PCC. The rhombohedral composite was formed in clusters like a spider-web structure. Under similar experimental conditions, composite PCC was formed as individual ellipsoidal crystals and some of the particles had malformed structure, in contrast to the structured reference s-PCC. The co-precipitation and the structure of PCC significantly influence the forming, consolidation, and properties of paper, as well as its perform-ance in printing. Composite c-PCC showed the highest retention during forming. At higher filler contents, dewatering was reduced significantly with handsheets containing s- and r-PCC composite fillers. Colloidal composite hand-sheets showed the lowest tensile index and internal bond strength, while the rhombohedral composite gave the highest z-directional bond strength. Compared with the traditional reference samples containing commercial PCCs, paper with s- and r-composites had significantly higher density but similar light scattering ability. Addition of fibrillar fines to fine paper increased print rub fastness significantly in both laser and inkjet printed samples.

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Rofeal, Marian, Fady Abdelmalek, and Alexander Steinbüchel. "Naturally-Sourced Antibacterial Polymeric Nanomaterials with Special Reference to Modified Polymer Variants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 4101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084101.

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Despite the recent advancements in treating bacterial infections, antibiotic resistance (AR) is still an emerging issue. However, polymeric nanocarriers have offered unconventional solutions owing to their capability of exposing more functional groups, high encapsulation efficiency (EE) and having sustained delivery. Natural polymeric nanomaterials (NMs) are contemplated one of the most powerful strategies in drug delivery (DD) in terms of their safety, biodegradability with almost no side effects. Every nanostructure is tailored to enhance the system functionality. For example, cost-effective copper NPs could be generated in situ in cellulose sheets, demonstrating powerful antibacterial prospects for food safety sector. Dendrimers also have the capacity for peptide encapsulation, protecting them from proteolytic digestion for prolonged half life span. On the other hand, the demerits of naturally sourced polymers still stand against their capacities in DD. Hence, Post-synthetic modification of natural polymers could play a provital role in yielding new hybrids while retaining their biodegradability, which could be suitable for building novel super structures for DD platforms. This is the first review presenting the contribution of natural polymers in the fabrication of eight polymeric NMs including particulate nanodelivery and nanofabrics with antibacterial and antibiofilm prospects, referring to modified polymer derivatives to explore their full potential for obtaining sustainable DD products.

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Chen, Zicheng, Huiwen Zhang, Xiangyang He, Guangyuan Fan, Xiaosong Li, Zhibin He, Guanhua Wang, and Lanhe Zhang. "Fabrication of cellulosic paper containing zeolitic imidazolate framework and its application in removal of anionic dye from aqueous solution." BioResources 16, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 2644–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2644-2654.

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The combination of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with other functional materials is a potential strategy for the preparation of advanced MOF-based materials. In this study, a simple approach is reported for the fabrication of cellulosic paper containing zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) through in-situ loading in the papermaking process. The results showed that the ZIF-8 was evenly distributed in the paper substrate owing to the multi-layers structure of the cellulosic fibers, although the loading of the ZIF-8 particles on the single cellulosic fiber was nonuniform. The as-prepared ZIF-8 composites can be used as a highly efficient adsorbent material for anionic dyes in aqueous solution thanks to the positive charge on the surface of the ZIF-8 particles. More than 92% of the methyl orange (MO-) dye in the aqueous solution was rapidly removed through a simple filtration process using the ZIF-8 composite cellulosic paper (hand-sheets made in lab) when the content of ZIF-8 in cellulosic paper was high as 25.1%. In addition, the ZIF-8 composite paper had acceptable flexibility and could be reused at least 4 cycles by washing out the adsorbed dye.

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Purwita, Chandra Apriana, and Sonny Kurnia Wirawan. "BIODEINKING SORTED WHITE LEDGER (SWL) MENGGUNAKAN SELULASE (BIODEINKING SORTED WHITE LEDGER (SWL) BY CELLULASE)." JURNAL SELULOSA 7, no. 02 (December 30, 2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25269/jsel.v7i02.176.

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Biodeinking is a process of separating ink on the fiber surface by enzymes. This research was conducted to study and optimize biodeinking condition of sorted white ledger (SWL) by cellulase. Commercial cellulase (Sigma Aldrich, Singapore) at a dose of 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1; 2 U/g dry weight pulp was applied to the deinking of SWL and compared with blank. The deinked pulp was then analyzed for the fiber morphology and made laboratory hand sheets for the characterization of physical and optical properties. Based on the experiment, at the optimum dose of cellulase 0.75 IU/g dry weight pulp was obtained a maximum increasement of ISO brightness by 4.7 points and a decreasement of ERIC by 34.45%. The use of celulase on the biodeinking was not affecting the fibers length and diameter so the tensile and tear index of deinked pulp unchanged. Loss of fines by enzymatic degradation causes the tear index decreased by 8.70 % and porosity increased. The increasement of coarseness resulted in the decreasement of pulp opacity.ABSTRAKBiodeinking merupakan proses pemisahan tinta pada permukaan serat menggunakan enzim. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari dan memperoleh kondisi optimum biodeinking sorted white ledger (SWL) menggunakan selulase. Selulase komersial (Sigma Aldrich, Singapura) dengan dosis 0,25; 0,5; 0,75; 1; 2 U/g kering pulp diaplikasikan pada deinking SWL dan dibandingkan terhadap blanko. Pulp deinked yang diperoleh kemudian dilakukan analisis morfologi serat dan dibuat lembaran tangan laboratorium untuk karakterisasi sifat fisik dan optik. Berdasarkan percobaan, pada dosis optimum selulase 0,75 IU/g kering pulp diperoleh kenaikan derajat cerah ISO maksimum sebesar 4,7 poin dan penurunan ERIC 34,45%. Analisis morfologi serat menunjukkan penggunaan selulase pada proses biodeinking tidak berpengaruh terhadap panjang dan diameter serat sehingga indeks tarik dan retak pulp deinked tidak berubah. Kehilangan fines karena degradasi enzimatik menyebabkan indeks sobek turun sebesar 8,70% dan porositas naik. Naiknya nilai coarseness menyebabkan meningkatnya opasitas pulp deinked.

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Mandlez, Daniel, Lukas Zangl-Jagiello, Rene Eckhart, and Wolfgang Bauer. "Softwood kraft pulp fines: application and impact on specific refining energy and strength properties." Cellulose 27, no. 17 (October 9, 2020): 10359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03467-1.

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AbstractAlong with the emergence of micro and nanofibrillated celluloses and their application in papermaking, the influence of the so called fines fraction of pulps on both process and product properties has received increasing research interest in recent years. Several researchers have experimented with primary and/or secondary pulp fines to assess their effects on paper properties with not always consistent results. Our work focuses on the targeted application of the primary fines fraction of an unbleached softwood kraft pulp. The primary fines are separated from the pulp to be subsequently added to achieve blends of $$5\%, 9\%$$ 5 % , 9 % and $$12\%$$ 12 % primary fines content. These blends were then refined in a PFI mill to evaluate the effect of the primary fines on refining as well as on paper properties of hand sheets prepared from these pulps. It is shown that the addition of primary fines enhances tensile strength in the unrefined and slightly refined state, while the maximum tensile strength of the highly refined reference pulp is not increased. A slightly increased dewatering resistance (Schopper Riegler) at comparable air permeability (Gurley) for a given tensile strength was also observed. The linear relationship between tensile index and apparent sheet density seems to be affected in the unrefined and slightly refined state where the breaking length of the fines enriched samples is higher for a given apparent density.

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Sharifi Zamani, Elaheh, Hamidreza Ahadian, and Thaddeus Maloney. "Twin-roll forming, a novel method for producing high-consistency microfibrillated cellulosic films." Cellulose, October 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04884-0.

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AbstractMicro-nano fibrillated cellulose (MNFC) films have the potential for applications in, e.g., packaging and printed electronics. However, the production paradigm for these types of products has still not been established. This study uses twin-rollers to form films from high consistency (15% w/w) micro fibrillated cellulose furnishes. MFC furnishes were produced at 20% wt dry matter content with enzymatic hydrolysis and PFI refining. We used the twin-roller method to spread the material over a supporting substrate by repeatedly passing between two parallel rollers with decreasing nip. Rheological behavior and physical properties of furnishes were analyzed. We found that only some furnishes with relatively short fiber lengths were formable. Refining improved the formation of the sheets. Roll-formed sheets showed comparable strength and formation to conventional wet-laid hand sheets.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cellulose hand-sheets'

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