Journal articles: 'Cellulose acetate'

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RAHMAN, M. MAHBUBUR, MD NURUL ANWAR KHAN, MD KAMRUL HASAN, MAHBUB ALAM, M. MOSTAFIZUR RAHMAN, M. SHAHRIAR BASHAR, MD AFTAB ALI SHAIKH, and M. SARWAR JAHAN. "EFFECTS OF BALL MILLING AND ENZYME TREATMENT ON CELLULOSE ACETYLATION." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 57, no. 7-8 (September 29, 2023): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.64.

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A novel process was developed to produce cellulose acetate from bleached hardwood kraft pulp (BHKP) through ball milling and cellulase treatment. The ball milling and/or cellulase treatment of BHKP increased the esterification reaction, but enzyme treatment reduced the viscosity of the produced cellulose acetate (CA). The degree of substitution (DS) values upon acetylation were 2.26 for BHKP, 2.61 for ball-milled BHKP and 2.91 for ball milled followed by cellulase treatment of BHKP. The prepared CA was also characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, 1H-NMR and SEM. A strong band for –OH stretching of cellulose disappeared and created a strong band for carbonyl (C=O) group on esterification of BHKP. The crystallinity index of BHKP was 63.3%, which completely disappeared on acetylation, demonstrating the successful esterification of cellulose. The initial weight loss of cellulose acetates was lower than that of the native cellulose, as observed in TGA, indicating the acetylated samples are less hydrophilic. 1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the complete structure of cellulose acetate.

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Abdellah Ali, Salah F., Lovert A. William, and Eman A. Fadl. "Cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate membranes for water desalination applications." Cellulose 27, no. 16 (September 11, 2020): 9525–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03434-w.

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Asriza, Ristika O., Nurhadini Nurhadini, and Fardhan Arkan. "Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate from α-Cellulose of Paper Waste." Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry 8, no. 2 (June 26, 2023): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v8.i2.82.

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A cellulose derivative substance called cellulose acetate is frequently used in the manufacturing of photographic film, fiber, membranes, and bioplastics. However, the availability of sources for cellulose acetate's raw material does not support this demand. Paper waste has a high cellulose content. Therefore, the aim of this research is to synthesize cellulose acetate from α-cellulose waste paper. In order to separate alpha cellulose from waste paper in this study, the delignification process with NaOH solvent was used as a first step. After obtaining alpha cellulose, acetic anhydride was used to carry out the acetylation reaction. The yield of α-cellulose from paper waste is 51.8%. α-Cellulose is reacted with acetic anhydride through acetylation reactions and hydrolysis of acetyl groups. From this reaction, functional groups -OH, C=O ester, and C-O acetyl appeared from the FTIR spectra analysis which indicated that cellulose acetate had been successfully synthesized. The type of cellulose acetate produced is a type of cellulose monoacetate with an acetyl groups of 23% and a degree of substitution value of 1.17

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Abdellah Ali, Salah F., Lovert A. William, Shaker M. Ebrahim, and Eman A. Fadl. "Correction to: Cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate membranes for water desalination applications." Cellulose 27, no. 16 (November 2020): 9545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03529-4.

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Sizova, M. V., J. A. Izquierdo, N. S. Panikov, and L. R. Lynd. "Cellulose- and Xylan-Degrading Thermophilic Anaerobic Bacteria from Biocompost." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 7 (February 11, 2011): 2282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01219-10.

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ABSTRACTNine thermophilic cellulolytic clostridial isolates and four other noncellulolytic bacterial isolates were isolated from self-heated biocompost via preliminary enrichment culture on microcrystalline cellulose. All cellulolytic isolates grew vigorously on cellulose, with the formation of either ethanol and acetate or acetate and formate as principal fermentation products as well as lactate and glycerol as minor products. In addition, two out of nine cellulolytic strains were able to utilize xylan and pretreated wood with roughly the same efficiency as for cellulose. The major products of xylan fermentation were acetate and formate, with minor contributions of lactate and ethanol. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA and glycosyl hydrolase family 48 (GH48) gene sequences revealed that two xylan-utilizing isolates were related to aClostridium clariflavumstrain and represent a distinct novel branch within the GH48 family. Both isolates possessed high cellulase and xylanase activity induced independently by either cellulose or xylan. Enzymatic activity decayed after growth cessation, with more-rapid disappearance of cellulase activity than of xylanase activity. A mixture of xylan and cellulose was utilized simultaneously, with a significant synergistic effect observed as a reduction of lag phase in cellulose degradation.

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Setyaningsih, Lucky, Harry Priambodo, Inggar Erfiano, Sandy Agung, and Rizqi Khrido Utomo. "Synthesis and Characterization of Membranes from Cellulose Acetate Derivatives of Corn Husk." Key Engineering Materials 818 (August 2019): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.818.56.

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In this study membranes synthesized using cellulose acetate through chemical crosslinking process with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dimethylformamide (DMF) acts as crosslinker agent. Cellulose is derived from corn husk, which known as agricultural waste that has potential sources of cellulosic fibers in producing cellulose acetate. The prepared membranes of corn husk cellulose were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction. The effect of various additives and additives concentration were investigated to obtain swelling degree and tensile strength of membranes. Result showed that highest swelling degree of 236% was achieved in the condition of DMF/S 10% w/w. This condition produce cellulose acetate membrane with thickness of 0.074 mm, tensile strength of 27.5kg/cm2 and elongation of 3.5%.

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Mandolfo, S., C. Tetta, S. David, R. Gervasio, D. Ognibene, M. L. Wratten, E. Tessore, and E. Imbasciati. "In Vitro and in Vivo Biocompatibility of Substituted Cellulose and Synthetic Membranes." International Journal of Artificial Organs 20, no. 11 (November 1997): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889702001102.

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Regenerated cellulosic membranes are held as bioincompatible due to their high complement - and leukopenia - inducing properties. Adherence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocyte purified from normal human blood to the three membranes were evaluated in an in vitro recirculation circuit in the presence or absence of fresh, autologous plasma after recirculation in an in vitro circuit using minimodules with each of the three membranes. In in vivo studies, 9 patients were treated with conventional haemodialysis for 2 weeks with each membrane and 1 week for wash-out using haemodialysers with the following surface: 1.95 m2 for benzyl-cellulose, 1.8 m2 for acetate-cellulose and low-flux polysulfone. Measurement of leukopenia, plasma C3a des Arg and elastase-α 1 proteinase inhibitor complex levels as well as urea, creatinine, phosphate and uric acid clearances was performed. Plasma-free neutrophils adhered maximally to acetate-cellulose (65% remaining in the circulation), while there was no significant difference between low-flux polysulfone and benzyl-cellulose (80% circulating neutrophils, at 15 min, p<0.001 vs acetate cellulose). In the presence of fresh plasma, as source of complement, the differences between acetate cellulose vs polysulfone and benzyl-cellulose were even more evident, suggesting the role of complement-activated products in neutrophil adherence. A similar trend was observed for monocyte adherence with the three membranes in the absence or presence of plasma. In vivo studies showed that the nadir of leukopenia was at 15 and 30 min with acetate-cellulose (79%) and benzyl-cellulose (50%) (p<0.05 acetate- vs benzyl-cellulose) and at 15 min with polysulfone (24%) (p<0.01 vs acetate- and benzyl-cellulose). Plasma C3a des Arg levels arose to 2037 ± 120 ng/ml, 1216 + 434 ng/ml and 46 ± 55 ng/ml with acetate-, benzyl-cellulose and polysulfone, respectively. No pre- vs post-dialysis increase in the intracellular content of TNF-α was detected with any of three membranes. Clearance values of urea, creatinine and uric acid were superimposable for all the three membranes. However, benzyl cellulose had a significantly higher clearance for phosphorus (normalized for surface area) (p<0.01 vs acetate-cellulose, 0.001 vs polysulfone). These results implicate that synthetic modification of the cellulose polymer as for the benzyl-cellulose significantly reduces the in vitro adherence, delays the in vivo activation of “classic” biocompatibility parameters and notably improves the removal of inorganic phosphorus.

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Umaningrum, Dewi, Maria Dewi Astuti, Radna Nurmasari, Hasanuddin Hasanuddin, Ani Mulyasuryani, and Diah Mardiana. "Variation of Iodine Mass and Acetylation Time On Cellulose Acetate Synthesis From Rice Straw." Indo. J Chem. Res. 8, no. 3 (January 31, 2021): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2021.7-dew.

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Cellulose acetate is a membrane material that can be used in the sensor field. One source of cellulose acetate is from rice straw. This study aimed to study the effect of iodine mass and acetylation time on cellulose acetate synthesis from rice straw. The initial step is to isolate cellulose from rice straw, followed by cellulose acetate synthesis using iodine catalyst by varying the amount of iodine as much as 0.1-0.3 grams and acetylation time for 1 until 5 hours. The cellulose acetate was characterized using an infrared spectrophotometer, and its viscosity was determined. The result shows that the cellulose 33.63%. The maximum time of cellulose acetate acetylation is 2 hours with a mass of iodine 0.2 g. The yield of cellulose acetate was 14.98%, with an acetyl value of 19.11% and a degree of substitution of 0.89. The cellulose acetate produced has a low viscosity. The FTIR characterization of cellulose acetate shows O-H functional groups at 3333 cm-1, C-H functional groups at 2897 cm-1, carbonyl functional groups at 1722 cm-1 C-O functional groups at 1029 cm-1 that were identical in cellulose acetate compounds. The amount of iodine and the acetylation time affected the cellulose acetate product.

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Jiang, Lijie, Xingyu Huang, Chaochao Tian, Yidan Zhong, Ming Yan, Chen Miao, Ting Wu, and Xiaofan Zhou. "Preparation and Characterization of Porous Cellulose Acetate Nanofiber Hydrogels." Gels 9, no. 6 (June 13, 2023): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9060484.

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The currently reported methods for preparing cellulose acetate hydrogels use chemical reagents as cross-linking agents, and the prepared ones are non-porous structured cellulose acetate hydrogels. Nonporous cellulose acetate hydrogels limit the range of applications, such as limiting cell attachment and nutrient delivery in tissue engineering. This research creatively proposed a facile method to prepare cellulose acetate hydrogels with porous structures. Water was added to the cellulose acetate–acetone solution as an anti-solvent to induce the phase separation of the cellulose acetate–acetone solution to obtain a physical gel with a network structure, where the cellulose acetate molecules undergo re-arrangement during the replacement of acetone by water to obtain hydrogels. The SEM and BET test results showed that the hydrogels are relatively porous. The maximum pore size of the cellulose acetate hydrogel is 380 nm, and the specific surface area reaches 62 m2/g. The porosity of the hydrogel is significantly higher than that of the cellulose acetate hydrogel reported in the previous literature. The XRD results show that the nanofibrous morphology of cellulose acetate hydrogels is caused by the deacetylation reaction of cellulose acetate.

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Kusumah, Fuji Hernawati, Ida Sriyanti, Dhewa Edikresnha, Muhammad Miftahul Munir, and Khairurrijal. "Simply Electrospun Gelatin/Cellulose Acetate Nanofibers and their Physico-Chemical Characteristics." Materials Science Forum 880 (November 2016): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.880.95.

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Gelatin in fibers form can be used for tissue engineering, wound dressing, or drug carrier. However, it is easily damaged if exposed to water. Thus, it was blended with cellulose acetate. Acetic acid was used as a solvent because it is less toxic. The mass ratios of gelatin to cellulose acetate of 10:0, 8:2, and 6:4 were as precursor solutions. Simple electrospinning was employed to produce gelatin/cellulose acetate fibers. From SEM images, it was shown that the average diameters of gelatin/cellulose acetate fibers from the precursor solutions of 10:0, 8:2, and 6:4 were 534, 649, and 765 nm, respectively. The addition of cellulose acetate increased the viscosity of gelatin/cellulose acetate solution. Moreover, gelatin mass reduction caused a decrease in conductivity of gelatin/cellulose acetate solution. Therefore, increasing in the viscosity or reducing in the conductivity of the precursor solution increased the average diameter of the gelatin/cellulose acetate fibers. The analysis of FTIR spectra showed that the structural changes of gelatin and cellulose acetate occurred after being transformed into gelatin/cellulose acetate nanofibers.

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Wang, Xinhang, Yanping Wang, Yumin Xia, Shuohan Huang, Yimin Wang, and Yiping Qiu. "Preparation, structure, and properties of melt spun cellulose acetate butyrate fibers." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 13 (April 13, 2017): 1491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517703599.

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The melt spinning of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) without any additives is realized according to the thermal and rheological properties of cellulose acetate butyrate raw material. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that thermal degradation of cellulose acetate butyrate occurs at 275℃ in oxygen. Rheological tests show that cellulose acetate butyrate is a strong shear thinning pseudoplastic fluid. The melt viscosity of cellulose acetate butyrate is found to be relatively sensitive to temperature change and cellulose acetate butyrate melt is difficult to flow until the temperature reaches 230℃. However, thermal degradation of cellulose acetate butyrate during spinning cannot be completely avoided even when the spinning temperature is 230℃. The orientation of cellulose acetate butyrate fibers can be improved by increasing the spinning draw ratio during the spinning process or by hot drawing during the drawing process. Crystallization of cellulose acetate butyrate fibers is facilitated by improving molecular orientation. Owing to the improved orientation and crystallinity, the tensile strength and initial modulus of cellulose acetate butyrate fibers are enhanced. The cellulose acetate butyrate fiber achieves the highest degree of orientation and crystallinity by drawing at 135℃, showing the highest tensile strength at 1.42 cN/dtex. Moreover, dyeing experiments show that the cellulose acetate butyrate fiber can be dyed with a disperse dye and the suitable dyeing temperature is in the range of 80∼90℃.

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Demirdogen, Ruken Esra, Tuncay Yeşilkaynak, Tetyana Tishakova, and Fatih Mehmet Emen. "Antibacterial Cellulose Acetate Microfibers Containing Pyridine Derivative Complexes." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 15, no. 2 (May 15, 2021): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht15.02.217.

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Pyridine (L1) and 2,4-dimethylpyridine (L2) halide complexes of the type of [ML2X2] were prepared and characterized via FT-IR and 1H NMR. The CA microfibers containing complexes were electrospun and investigated via FT-IR. The morphologies of the microfibers were investigated via FE-SEM. Antibacterial activities of the complexes and the fibers were investigated.

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Harahap, Mahyuni, and Liver Iman Putra Zai. "PRODUKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOSERAT SELULOSA ASETAT DENGAN METODE ELEKTROSPINING." JURNAL KIMIA SAINTEK DAN PENDIDIKAN 6, no. 1 (July 24, 2022): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51544/kimia.v6i1.2978.

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In this research, cellulose acetate fiber was produced by electrospinning method. Cellulose acetate was dissolved with acetone solvent and then putin to a cooling system torestrain the rate of evaporation of cellulose acetate. The conductivity and evaporation rate of the cellulose acetate solution were tested, and the cellulose acetate fiber sproduced were tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The conductivity of the cellulose acetate solutionwas 3.45 S/cm at 15oC and almost doubled at 22oC. The cooling system test was ableto maintain the temperature of the cellulose acetate solution at 15 oC for approximately 2 minutes. In addition, bead fibers are produced due to their low conductivity.

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Warth, Holger, Rolf M�lhaupt, and Joachim Sch�tzle. "Thermoplastic cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate compounds prepared by reactive processing." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 64, no. 2 (April 11, 1997): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19970411)64:2<231::aid-app4>3.0.co;2-s.

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Law, Rachel C. "5. Applications of cellulose acetate 5.1 Cellulose acetate in textile application." Macromolecular Symposia 208, no. 1 (March 2004): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200450410.

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Allesi, Leticia Sant'Anna, Joelen Osmari da Silva, Franciane Andrade de Pádua, and Vagner Roberto Botaro. "Cellulose acetate obtained from Schizolobium parahyba (vell.) blake wood." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 12 (October 2, 2021): e584101220761. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20761.

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Currently, non-biodegradable polymers are produced on a large scale and cause several environmental problems, especially due to their low degradation. Cellulose acetate is a non-toxic, low-flammable and low-cost polymer, playing an important environmental role. The objective of this study was to synthesize cellulose acetate membranes from Schizolobium parahyba wood (“guapuruvu”) with particles sizes of 20 and 60 mesh. The materials were submitted to acetosolv pulping, bleaching and acetylation to produce the acetates. The yields and the degree of substitution were found. The fibers were chemically characterized and the samples obtained at each processing step were analyzed by FTIR. It was possible to prepare acetates from both granulometries wood. The FTIR analysis showed changes on the samples’ bands, indicating that the chemical processes were efficient. Cellulose acetate obtained from the 60 mesh material presented a higher degree of substitution (2.74 ± 0.12) when compared to the 20 mesh acetate (2.59 ± 0.13), showing that the particle size of the material influenced on the efficiency of the acetylation reaction. DMA tests have demonstrated that the 60 mesh membrane has higher flexibility and transparency when compared to the 20 mesh membrane.

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Syarif, M. A., F. Fahma, and I. Sailah. "Bioplastic beads composite production based on cellulose acetate-starch blend: a literature study." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1063, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1063/1/012015.

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Abstract Cellulose and starch are two natural biological sources that have potential as bioplastic raw materials. Cellulose and starch show tremendous potential to reduce environmental pollution caused by conventional plastics. The compatibility between the cellulosic fibre matrices plays an important role in the properties of the resulting bioplastic. The modification of cellulose into cellulose acetate makes the resulting bioplastics have better mechanical properties. In addition, bioplastics can be composite with starch to have a stronger matrix. Cellulose-starch bio-composites have also been successfully produced. In this article, the focus on the formulation and characterization of cellulosic fibres and starch concerning their application in bioplastics will be discussed. Then, generalize the development and problems of bioplastics that are composite with starch to improve the mechanical properties of bioplastics.

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Yoon, Sanghyun, Hyunjung Kim, Eunkyo Lee, Nahyun Oh, Sangcheon Kim, Kyung Hwa Hong, and Joonseok Koh. "Synthesis and Application of N-methylphthalimidylazo Disperse Dyes to Cellulose Diacetate for High Wash Fastness." Materials 13, no. 21 (November 2, 2020): 4924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214924.

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Cellulose diacetate fibers were prepared from cellulosic biomass with high α-cellulose contents such as purified cotton linters and wood pulps. Cellulose diacetate fibers are sensitive to alkaline solution, which causes hydrolysis of the acetate ester to hydroxyl groups, especially at high temperatures. Thus, the low alkali-resistance of cellulose acetate fibers makes it difficult to achieve high wash fastness by restricting the application of intense after-treatment, such as reduction clearing. A series of N-methylphthalimide-based high-washable azo disperse dyes were synthesized and their dyeing and fastness properties on cellulose diacetate fabrics were investigated. From the overall results obtained in this study, N-methylphthalimidylazo disperse dyes are expected to be a desirable alternative to high value-added dyes that can be used for high color fastness dyeing of cellulose diacetate with a minimal discharge of wastewater during washing process.

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Mangesti, Fitra Langgeng, Husain Sosidi, Prismawiryanti, and Syamsuddin. "ADSORPSI LOGAM Pb dan Cu DARI PELUMAS BEKAS MENGGUNAKAN BLENDING SELULOSA ASETAT-KITOSAN." KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia 5, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2019.v5.i2.12990.

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Research on adsorption of Pb and Cu metals from used lubricants has been carried out using cellulose acetate-chitosan blending which aims to determine the best ratio and pH between cellulose acetate and chitosan which can adsorb metal Pb and Cu from used lubricants. Cellulose acetate was synthesized through the acetylation method using cellulose extracted from palm fiber coir. The obtained cellulose acetate is brown fine powder with a yield of 62% and has a water content of 20%. Cellulose acetate was characterized using FT-IR while adsorption of Pb and Cu metals from used lubricants using AAS. The results of FT-IR analysis showed the formation of cellulose acetate with an absorption band of 1637.56 cm-1 which proved the presence of carbonyl groups (C = O). The AAS results showed that the best ratio and pH to absorb Pb and Cu metals in used lubricants is 3:1 with pH 6. Keywords: palm oil coir, acetate cellulose, chitosan, used lubricants

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Furuno, Hiroyuki, Toshiyuki Takano, Shuichi Hirosawa, Hiroshi Kamitakahara, and Fumiaki Nakatsubo. "Chemical structure elucidation of total lignins in woods. Part II: Analysis of a fraction of residual wood left after MWL isolation and solubilized in lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide." Holzforschung 60, no. 6 (November 1, 2006): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2006.110.

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Abstract The residual wood meal left after extraction of milled wood lignin (MWL) was extracted with lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide, which is a well-known cellulose solvent, to afford a soluble fraction (cellulose-lignin fraction; CL) in 36.7% yield. The UV elution curve of CL acetate has the same profile as its refractive index (RI) elution curve. After partial degradation of CL by cellulase, the UV elution curve of CL acetate shifted to the low-molecular-mass region in a similar fashion as its RI elution curve. These results indicate that the lignin in CL (CL lignin) is chemically bonded to cellulose. On the other hand, half of the CL lignin was removed by xylanase treatment. It was concluded that approximately half of the CL lignin existed as a lignin-cellulose-xylan complex.

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Kim, So Hee, and Sang Wook Kang. "Interconnected channels through polypropylene and cellulose acetate by utilizing lactic acid for stable separators." Chemical Communications 57, no. 71 (2021): 8965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc02955j.

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Lactic acid complexed with cellulose acetate. The interconnected structure of cellulose acetate in polypropylene chains. Connected water channels through cellulose acetate and polypropylene for enhanced separators.

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Zeng, Hongjun, Robert Lajos, Vitali Metlushko, Ed Elzy, Se Young An, and Joshua Sautner. "Nanofabrication in cellulose acetate." Lab Chip 9, no. 5 (2009): 699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b812141a.

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Wallwork, J. A. "Dyeing Cellulose Acetate Fibres." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 51, no. 12 (October 22, 2008): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1935.tb01853.x.

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Deanin, Rudolph D., and Timothy J. Bernier. "Cellulose acetate structural foam." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 2, no. 3 (September 1996): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.10137.

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Tristantini, Dewi, and Cindy Sandra. "Synthesis of cellulose acetate from palm oil bunches and dried jackfruit leaves." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 04035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186704035.

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Cellulose acetate is a natural polymer, that is widely used in various industries, especially fiber and plastics. Cellulose acetate was created by an esterification reaction of cellulose and acetic anhydride. The raw materials used in this research were empty fruit bunches of palm oil and dried jackfruit leaves, because utilization of waste, available in large quantities, and contain high cellulose. The objective of this study was to obtain high yield cellulose and cellulose acetate from palm oil bunches and jackfruit leaves. This was done by variating delignification time, bleaching time, and acetylation time. Cellulose isolation was performed through a delignification process by adding NaOH and bleaching process by adding H2O2. The optimum yield for the empty palm oil bunches cellulose was 36.45%, with the delignification time of 1.5 hours and the bleaching time of 30 minutes. The optimum yield of jackfruit leaves cellulose was 13.72%, with 1-hour delignification time and 30 minutes bleaching time. Cellulose acetate was obtained by cellulose activation process by adding acetic acid glacial, acetylation process with anhydrous acetate, and hydrolysis with water. The yield of cellulose acetate obtained was 81.75% for palm oil bunches and 63.89 for jackfruit leaves.

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Rusdianti, Reni, Azizah Azizah, Esti Utarti, Hidayat Teguh Wiyono, and Kahar Muzakhar. "Cheap Cellulase Production by Aspergillus sp. VTM1 Through Solid State Fermentation of Coffee Pulp Waste." Key Engineering Materials 884 (May 2021): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.884.159.

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Coffee pulp biomass waste can easily be found anywhere in Indonesia, considering it is the fourth world's largest coffee exporter. The utilization of coffee pulp is very limited and is categorized as a source of pollutants in water bodies and soils. In contrast, coffee pulp waste is very potential because 63% of the main compound is cellulose. Microbial utilization of this waste for enzyme production purposes, especially cellulase, is a breakthrough that may lead to reduce production costs. Initial investigations showed that Aspergillus sp. VTM1 through solid-state fermentation (SSF) could produce cellulases. Optimal cellulase could be produced if 10 g coffee pulp with 10% moisture is inoculated using 108 spores/mL of Aspergillus sp. VTM1 for 48 hours at 30 °C. Hydrolysis of 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) substrate in 50 mM acetate buffer pH 5 by this cellulase showed that the enzyme activity reached up to 1.18 U/mL. The optimum pH of the enzyme was 5 and stable at 3-3.5 and 4-7. The success of the first step of this investigation will be a cheap way of producing cellulases.

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Han, Baixin, Dalun Zhang, Ziqiang Shao, Linlin Kong, and Shaoyi Lv. "Preparation and characterization of cellulose acetate/carboxymethyl cellulose acetate blend ultrafiltration membranes." Desalination 311 (February 2013): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.11.002.

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Sobral, Manuela C. C. M., Abilio J. F. N. Sobral, J. T. Guthrie, and M. H. Gil. "Ketotifen controlled release from cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate membranes." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 19, no. 2 (July 10, 2007): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-007-0168-4.

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Ma’ruf, Anwar, Agus Mulyadi Purnawanto, and Rizka Rimatunnisa. "Synthesis of cellulose acetate from rice husk cellulose by ultrasound-assisted acetylation." BioResources 18, no. 3 (May 18, 2023): 4688–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.3.4688-4698.

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Cellulose acetate is an important product derived from cellulose. Cellulose acetate can be used in a variety of applications including coatings, textile fibers, consumer goods, filtration membranes, composites, laminates, pharmaceutical, and medical items. Rice husk is a lignocellulosic material that contains cellulose and hemicellulose. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of process variables on the cellulose acetate product formation by ultrasound-assisted acetylation using iodine as a catalyst and to characterize the cellulose acetate product. The research was conducted through the delignification, bleaching, acetylation, and characterization processes. The results showed that the optimum yield of cellulose acetate was obtained at the temperature of 60 °C, the reaction time of 50 min, the weight of the catalyst of 10% of cellulose weight, and the ratio of cellulose and acetic anhydride of 1:5 (w/v). The acetylation process using iodine as a catalyst with an ultrasound-assisted method was more effective than the conventional acetylation (acetic acid glacial and sulfuric acid as a catalyst).

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Lv, Hanming, Xiaoye Wang, Chongqi Ma, and Li Ma. "Estimating the Dielectric Constant of Cellulose Acetate Fiber Aggregation with Its Components Volume Fraction." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 12, no. 3 (September 2017): 155892501701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501701200309.

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For the sake of studying the relationship between dielectric constant (ε) of cellulose acetate fiber aggregation and volume fraction of its compositions (including cellulose acetate fibers, water and oiling agent), the dielectric spectrum of the aggregation was measured in two forms with a Broadband Dielectric Spectrum (BDS) test system- dry cellulose acetate fibers (dry samples) and oiled cellulose acetate fibers (oiled samples). The measurement data show that dielectric constant has a linear correlation with the volume fraction of cellulose acetate fibers and the oiling agent in the aggregation, and has a non-linear correlation with the volume fraction of water in the aggregation. A function between dielectric constant of the cellulose acetate fiber aggregation and volume fraction of the components was fitted with 1stOpt. The function is in close proximity to the measured data.

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Shkuro, Aleksey E., Victor V. Glukhikh, Kristina A. Usova, Denis D. Chirkov, Pavel S. Zakharov, and Alesya V. Vurasko. "Deriving Biocomposites of Polymer Phase Plasticised Cellulose Acetates with Varying Degrees of Acetylation." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 3 (August 1, 2023): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-155-168.

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It is anticipated that the creation of wood-polymer composites (WPC) made of naturally renewable polymers and their derivatives (biocomposites) would have a significant practical use due to the rise in prices for synthetic thermoplastic polymers derived from oil and gas. Furthermore, the necessity to replace synthetic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and others as components of composite materials is also associated with environmental hazards caused by their low degradation rate in the natural media (soil, water, and air). A further problem for manufacturers of WPC is the legislative requirement for autonomous neutralisation of production waste. One of the potential materials for practical application in the production of WPC are binders based on plasticised cellulose acetates. Russian and foreign scientists have studied the influence of the degree of acetylation of cellulose acetate on the properties of polymeric materials that do not contain lignocellulose fillers. There is no information found concerning the secondary use of cellulose acetate waste for the production of WPC. This article presents the results of an investigation into the hot pressing of biocomposites with a polymer phase of plasticised cellulose acetates of varying degrees of acetylation and fillers: wood flour and waste acetate photographic film. An experimental and statistical dependence of the effect of the degree of acetylation of cellulose acetate and filler content in the biocomposite on its properties was developed, sufficient to exceed a confidence level of 0.9. The experimental specifications included decomposition in activated soil, water absorption, bending strength, Brinell hardness, etc. Some test results showed that the derived biocomposites have the same level of properties as the reference WPC, which consists of a high-density polyethylene phase with a wood flour content of 50 %. The derived dependencies allow us to predict changes in the properties of biocomposites at different degrees of acetylation of plasticised cellulose acetate and filler content. Moreover, they solve the problem of choosing the optimal chemical combination for WPC for manufacturing a specific product by hot pressing. For citation: Shkuro A.E., Glukhikh V.V., Usova K.A., Chirkov D.D., Zakharov P.S., Vurasko A.V. Deriving Biocomposites of Polymer Phase Plasticised Cellulose Acetates with Varying Degrees of Acetylation. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 155–168. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-155-168

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Riani, Pevi, Syafrinal, and Muhammad Ikhlas Armin. "PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE ACETATE MEMBRANE FROM COCOA (THEOBROMA CACAO L) SHELL MODIFIED POLYETHYLENE GLICOL FOR PB METAL ION FILTRATION." JURNAL KIMIA SAINTEK DAN PENDIDIKAN 6, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51544/kimia.v6i2.3521.

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In this study, a modified polyethylene glycol modified cellulose acetate membrane was made. Cellulose acetate was synthesized from cocoa husk waste (Theobroma cacao L) with several steps, namely isolation of alpha cellulose from cocoa husk waste, synthesis of cellulose acetate from alpha cellulose, preparation of 10% cellulose acetate membrane with the addition of polyethylene glycol 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 & 25% . From the results of the research, it was found that the FT-IR analysis of -cellulose from cocoa shells showed an absorption peak at wave numbers between 3400 – 3500 cm-1 which indicated the presence of O-H stretch groups. At wave numbers 2800-2900 cm-1 indicates C-H stretching, then it can be seen at wave numbers 1160 cm-1 indicates C-O-C stretching, and at 1035-1060 cm-1 indicates C-O stretching. In the fingerprint area, we found absorption peaks at wave numbers around 1300 cm-1 which indicated the presence of C-H bending and around 1400 cm-1 indicating the presence of CH2 bending. The cellulose acetate obtained is white and smooth compared to alpha cellulose. At the membrane preparation stage, the results of the insoluble cellulose acetate & PEG using acetone as a solvent. So it is necessary to do a solubility test and find a suitable solvent to form polyethylene glycol modified cellulose acetate membrane for Pb metal ion filtration.

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Zhao, Zhu-Xin, Shuang Tian, Li-Hong Chen, Meng-Di Wang, and Ping Wang. "Thermal performance of cellulose acetate/tea polyphenol nanofibers." Thermal Science 19, no. 4 (2015): 1327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1504327z.

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In this paper, the cellulose acetate/tea polyphenol nanofibers are manufactured by electrostatic spinning technique. The surface morphology and thermal property of obtained nanofibers are characterized via scanning electron microscope, thermal gravity analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Different concentrations of cellulose acetate/dimethyl formamide solutions are prepared before sonicated tea polyphenol powder was added. The diameter of cellulose acetate/tea polyphenol nanofibers increases with the increase of the cellulose acetate component.

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Loo, Milly Mei Li, Rokiah Hashim, and Cheu Peng Leh. "Recycling of valueless paper dust to a low grade cellulose acetate: Effect of pretreatments on acetylation." BioResources 7, no. 1 (January 19, 2012): 1068–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.7.1.1068-1083.

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The feasibility of the production of cellulose acetate (CA) from recycled paper dust from carton boxes was examined. Two pre-treatments were carried out on the carton box’s paper dust (CPD) to improve the pulp properties for better effect of synthesis. The results showed that the acid and oxygen-alkaline pretreatments were capable of increasing the alpha-cellulose content from 80.5 percent to 87.3 percent and 85.3 percent, respectively. Both pre-treatments also decreased the hemicellulose and ash contents by more than 50 percent. The degree of substitution (DS) of the resultant CA from pre-treated paper dust was improved from 1.94 to 2.13-2.16. The CA that was synthesized from the recycled paper dust showed comparable DS and had a similar trend of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Both pretreated pulps also showed an increment in the degree of crystallinity and had maximum degradation effect of temperature when compared to CPD CA. However, all the cellulose acetates produced showed a lower DS and thermal stability compared to commercial cellulose acetate (C CA). The degree of crystallinity of all the cellulose acetate was decreased in comparison to the original material.

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Zhang, Sizhao, Zhouyuan Yang, Xing Huang, Jing Wang, Yunyun Xiao, Junpeng He, Jian Feng, Shixian Xiong, and Zhengquan Li. "Hydrophobic Cellulose Acetate Aerogels for Thermal Insulation." Gels 8, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8100671.

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As naturally derived material, cellulose aerogels have excellent thermal insulation properties due to their unique high porosity and three-dimensional mesoporous structure. However, its hydrophilic properties limit its application in the field of building insulation. Here, we propose a method to prepare high hydrophobicity by adopting the sol-gel method and chemical vapor reaction strategy using cellulose acetate type II as raw material and 2,4-toluene diisocyanate as the cross-linking agent. Thermal properties of cellulose acetate aerogels (CAAs) were measured, where pyridine was the catalyst, acetone was the solvent, and perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDS), hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) were used as hydrophobic agents (by process hydrophobic test). Compared with MTES-modified cellulose acetate aerogels (M-CAAs) and HMDS (H-CAAs)-modified cellulose acetate aerogels, PFDS-modified (P-CAAs) cellulose acetate aerogels are the most hydrophobic. By implementing hydrophobic modification of PFDS both inside and outside the structure of cellulose acetate aerogels, the water contact angle can reach up to 136°, strongly demonstrating the potential of PFDS as a hydrophobic agent. The results show that the thermal conductivity and compressive strength of cellulose acetate aerogel with the best hydrophobic properties are 0.035 W m−1 K−1 at normal pressure and 0.39 MPa at 3% strain, respectively. This work shows that the highly hydrophobic cellulose acetate aerogel has potential as a waterproof material in the field of building thermal-insulation materials.

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Khefanny, Yemima Chellyne, Charlena Charlena, and Sri Sugiarti. "Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO/Cellulose Acetate Composite and its Activity as Antibacterial Agent." Science and Technology Indonesia 9, no. 2 (April 2, 2024): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.215-223.

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Cellulose is an abundant natural polymer that can be applied in various fields. Cellulose has many types and derivatives, one of which is cellulose acetate. Cellulose can be obtained from various natural sources such as kepok banana peel. The a-cellulose content in kepok banana peel is high enough at 94% so that it can be utilized as a cellulose acetate raw material. Modification of cellulose acetate using antibacterial agents is needed, considering that cellulose does not have antibacterial properties. Metal oxide materials such as ZnO nanoparticles are used as antibacterial agents. This study added ZnO nanoparticles to cellulose acetate and tested its antibacterial activity. The characteristics of ZnO were analyzed by UV-Vis, PSA, and FTIR. The characteristics of cellulose acetate and composites were analyzed by FTIR and XRD. Antibacterial activity tests were performed on all samples. The results showed the band gap value of ZnO was 3.37 eV. The average size of ZnO nanoparticle distribution using PSA was 96.23 nm with an average PI value of 0.151. An indicator that the ZnO compound and cellulose acetate have been sucessfully mixed is the absorption band at wave number 488 cm−1. A composite crystal size of 24.14 nm and a crystallinity percentage of 34.05% were found using XRD data. S. aureus bacteria are more inhibited by all evaluated substances antibacterial properties than E. coli germs. ZnO/Cellulose Acetate composite is categorized as strong inhibition, while ZnO nanoparticles are categorized as medium inhibition.

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Apriani, Rina, Taufiqur Rohman, and Kamilia Mustikasari. "Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Membran Selulosa Asetat dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate Membranes from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches)." Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24111/jrihh.v9i2.3305.

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The research of synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate membranes fromoil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) had been done. The purpose of this research is tofind out the characteristics of the cellulose acetate membrane from cellulose acetate ofOPEFB. The cellulose acetate membrane was prepared using the cellulose acetate (CA)and chloroform as solvent in the ratio 1:6, and the variations of polietilena glycol (PEG) asadditives were 10%, 20%, and 30% w/w. Membrane characterization was done inpermeability (flux), permselektivitas (rejection), and membrane morphology. The test wasperformed on water, T-70;; 1% w/v and T-500;; 1% w/v dextran solution. The resultsshowed that cellulose acetate membrane had the best characteristic in the addition ofPEG/S 10% w/w. The permeability was 55.54 L/m2hour in water, 18.48 L/m2hour fordextran T-70 and 5.14 L/m2hour for dextran T-500. The perm selectivity was 67.24% fordextran T-70 and 79.46% for dextran T-500. The SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)analysis on membrane pore showed that the distribution of pore sizes is fine.Keywords : membrane, cellulose acetate, oil palm empty fruit bunches

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Kong, Lin Lin, Da Lun Zhang, Zi Qiang Shao, Bai Xin Han, and Ya Liang Chen. "Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate Blend Ultrafiltration Membranes： The Effect of Degrees of Substitution." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 2072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.2072.

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Cellulose acetate (CA), a hydrophilic membrane material, was selected to prepare ultrafiltration membrane for the aim of achieving high-performance membranes with respect to flux and rejection characteristics. In order to prepare membranes with improved properties, blending of cellulose acetates with different degrees of substititution(DS) has been attempted. In this study, polymeric blend ultrafiltration membranes based on cellulose acetate with different DS were prepared by phase inversion technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle are used to understand the influence of DS on the properties of modified membranes. The blend membranes prepared were subjected to the separation of egg albumin (EA). The separation and permeate flux efficiencies of the blend membranes were discussed.

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Cayabyab, Sharyjel R., Josefina R. Celorico, Cyron L. Custodio, and Blessie A. Basilia. "Characterization of Cellulose Acetate Based Scaffolds Derived from Kapok Fiber (Ceiba pentandra (L) Gaertn)." Key Engineering Materials 891 (July 6, 2021): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.891.77.

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Utilization of natural biopolymers has shown potential in generating innovations for tissue engineering applications. This study aims to fabricate scaffolds from cellulose acetate derived from kapok fiber. Cellulose is extracted from raw kapok fibers by alkali treatment and delignification then synthesized into cellulose acetate. Kapok cellulose acetate (KCA) is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to fabricate the scaffold. Materials were characterized using Attenuated Total Reflectance – Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). FTIR analysis has shown that cellulose was extracted from kapok and cellulose acetate was successfully synthesized. XRD analysis also confirmed the presence of cellulose acetate. Results have also shown that synthesized KCA seems to have higher crystallinity than commercially available cellulose acetate (CCA). The degree of substitution (DS) of KCA was found to be 2.85 which is close to the DS value of tri-substituted cellulose acetate. DSC analysis has shown lower glass transition temperature of 52.15°C but higher degradation temperature of 300.43°C than the CCA. Moreover, the values for the enthalpy of fusion for two endotherms of KCA (44.0556 J/g and 18.6946 J/g) are higher than the values for CCA by 344% and 261%, respectively; thus, indicating the higher degree of crystallinity for synthesized KCA samples.

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Tristantini, Dewi, and Andersen Yunan. "Advanced characterization of microbeads replacement from cellulose acetate based on empty fruit bunches and dried jackfruit leaves." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 04045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186704045.

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The existing polymer microbeads for skin extraction ingredients have many disadvantages in environment. The application of cellulose has been proven in the pharmaceutical field in the form of beads on drug release can be a substitute alternative to polymer microbeads that will be prohibited. Based on several criteria and past researches, cellulose acetate meets the criteria for microbeads replacement. Cellulose is available in large quantities in the world, and many studies has proven its application on a wide scope. Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) and Dried Jackfruit Leaves (DJL) are widely distributed raw materials in Indonesia so that they can be used as a substitute for microbeads. The FTIR and SEM-EDX tests were conducted to determine the functional groups of cellulose acetate and morphology formation of cellulose acetate both raw materials and their chemical composition. In FTIR testing, the typical absorption of EFB and DJL cellulose acetate is produced by C=O groups for EFB at wavelength 1721,36 cm-1 and DJL at wavelength 1725,22 cm-1, whereas at SEM-EDX, DJL cellulose acetate asymmetrical cylinders and rare small pores on the surface and cellulose acetate TKKS cylindrical symmetrical with small pores on its surface. The chemical components of EFB and DJL cellulose acetate exhibit organic elements of carbon (C) and oxygen (O).

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Hasri, Diana Eka Pratiwi, Muharram, Muhammad Syahrir, and Fauzia Nurul Nadwi Putri. "Cellulose Acetate Membrane Synthesis of Banana Peel." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1209, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1209/1/012010.

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Abstract The membranes can be synthesized from organic and inorganic materials. One of the based organic materials used was a cellulose acetate membrane from banana peel. Banana peel comprised 65% cellulose, and therefore it had the potential to be processed into a membrane. Cellulose acetate membranes are synthesized using a mixture of cellulose acetate from a banana skin with 55% acetone and 27% dimethylformamide using a phase inversion technique. SEM results pictured porous membranes with a pore size of about 5 μm. The results demonstrate the flux capability of a synthesized cellulose acetate membrane of 0.440 L / m2.h with a rejection coefficient of 97.6%. It was concluded that banana peel waste could be used as raw material to manufacture cellulose acetate membranes.

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Ikhtiarini, Nur, Masruri Masruri, Siti Mariyah Ulfa, and Widodo Widodo. "Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate and Nanocellulose Acetate from Sengon Agroindustrial Waste (Paraserianthes falcataria)." Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research 11, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.03.644.

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Synthesis and characterization of cellulose acetate and nanocellulose acetate have been carried out. Cellulose was isolated from sengon wood powder waste using 6% NaOH solution and bleached with NaOCl. The cellulose was hydrolyzed with 60% formic acid to obtain nanocellulose. Cellulose and nanocellulose were then modified with acetic anhydride. The synthesized products were characterized by FTIR to identify organic functional groups, powder XRD to measure crystallinity, and SEM to observe surface morphology. Solubility tests in several types of solvents were also performed. The degree of substitution (DS) of cellulose acetate and nanocellulose acetate was carried out based on Indonesia’s SNI 0444:2009 method. The DS calculation show that the cellulose acetate and nanocellulose have DS of 2.9 and 2.1, respectively.

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Azizati, Zidni, Iseh Muhammad Zaenal Afidin, and Lutfi Aditya Hasnowo. "The Effect of Sorbitol Addition in Bioplastic from Cellulose Acetate (Sugarcane Bagasse)-Chitosan." Walisongo Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 1 (July 15, 2022): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/wjc.v5i1.12173.

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This study aimed to determine the effect of sorbitol addition into cellulose acetate-chitosan bioplastic and its biodegradation properties. Cellulose was isolated from the pulp of sugarcane bagasse and acetylated to be cellulose acetate. Cellulose acetate was characterized by FTIR, the results of FTIR characterization contained C=O and C-O functional groups with wavenumbers of 1644.99 cm-1 and 1059.86 cm-1 which indicated the formation of cellulose acetate. Cellulose acetate-chitosan bioplastic and cellulose acetate-chitosan-sorbitol bioplastic has been successfully synthesized and characterized. The results of FTIR characterization showed that bioplastics had C=O and C-O functional groups at wavenumbers of 1644.99 cm-1, 1059.86 cm-1 which was indicated as cellulose acetate and N-H functional group at wavenumber of 1559.66 cm-1 which was indicated as the presence of chitosan in bioplastics and there is an increase in absorption intensity of the O-H functional group which indicates that sorbitol has been successfully added to bioplastics. The addition of sorbitol could improve the percent of elongation from 14.0635% to 19.9379% and decrease the tensile strength from 6.3049 MPa to 0.6309 MPa. It also could increase water absorption from 16.68% to 88.73%, and could accelerate the bioplastic degradation process from 24 days to 8 days.

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Witri, Pabika Salsabila, Rahmayetty Rahmayetty, Muhamad Toha, Alamsyah, Nufus Kanani, and Endarto Y. Wardhono. "Acetylation of Bacterial Cellulose from a Mixture of Palm Flour Liquid Waste and Coconut Water: The Effect of Acetylation Time on Yield and Identification of Cellulose Acetate." Materials Science Forum 1057 (March 31, 2022): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ex7xpa.

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Cellulose acetate is a promising thermoplastic polymer to be developed since it has some characteristics, among others are easy to be formed, non-toxic, high stability, and its raw materials are renewable. The most used source of cellulose acetate raw material is bacterial cellulose because bacterial cellulose has the higher purity and the process cost is lower rather than plant cellulose. Nowadays, the production of bacterial cellulose is highly developed using coconut water media. Nevertheless, coconut water costs expensive and the supply is rare. Materials that are being potential to be developed as raw materials of bacterial cellulose through fermentation process is palm flour liquid wasted since it contains high amounts of carbon and nitrogen. This study began with the synthesis of bacterial cellulose from palm flour oil liquid waste and coconut water using Acetobacter xylinum bacteria and then cellulose acetate is synthesized through an acetylation reaction. This study aims to determine the optimum acetylation time on its performance as a reinforcement filler to be applied as a packaging material. Based on the results of Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infra-Red analysis on predetermined variables, it resulted particles in the form of bacterial cellulose and cellulose acetate with the highest yield of cellulose acetate at 3 hours of acetylation was 94.74%.

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Rohmawati, Baiti, Fatin Atikah Nata Sya’idah, Rhismayanti Rhismayanti, Dante Alighiri, and Willy Tirza Eden. "Synthesis of Bioplastic-based Renewable Cellulose Acetate from Teak Wood (Tectona grandis) Biowaste Using Glycerol-Chitosan Plasticizer." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 4 (August 28, 2018): 1810–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/3404014.

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Cellulose acetate was synthesized from cellulose which was isolated from teak wood (Tectona grandis) biowaste. The isolation process used an isolation method using nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfite and bleaching with calcium hypochlorite. Cellulose acetate was synthesized with acetic anhydride, toluene as a solvent, and sulphuric acid as a catalyst. Cellulose acetate reacted with acetic acid as a catalyst and glycerol-chitosan as a plasticizer. This product yielded a bioplastic. The synthesized products were characterized by using FTIR and SEM. The bioplastic’s mechanical properties were evaluated by ASTM D638 method. Based on the results of FTIR analysis, this result was successfully performed. This condition was shown by the sharpness of the hydroxyl group of cellulose acetate than the hydroxyl group in the cellulose and wood powder. The optimum result of bioplastic was obtained by composition of cellulose acetate: acetic acid: chitosan: glycerol is 0.8 gram: 15 mL: 0,4 gram: 1 mL.

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Manzano Vela, Dennis Renato, and Fernando Augusto Novillo Logroño. "Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate and Cellulose Nitrate Prepared from Cellulose Extracted from Calamagrostis intermedia." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 8 (2022): 2099–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23862.

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The main purpose of this research work is to prepare and characterize cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate from cellulose extracted from Calamagrostis intermedia. Cellulose nitrate was prepared by nitration with a sulfonitric mixture, while cellulose acetate was prepared with acid and acetic anhydride. In both cases, an FTIR analysis was performed. Optical microscopy was applied to the prepared semi-synthetic compounds, showing crystalline networks corresponding to well-defined polymeric chains. Finally, the cellulose acetate was subjected to viscometry in order to determine the molecular weight of the prepared polymer, tending a value of 220.34 × 103 g/mol. The results highlighted the feasibility of preparation of such polymers from a non-conventional source and the strategies for characterization and preparation at laboratory level.

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Xu, Airong, Lili Cao, Bingjun Wang, and Junying Ma. "Dissolution Behavior of Cellulose in IL + DMSO Solvent: Effect of Alkyl Length in Imidazolium Cation on Cellulose Dissolution." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/406470.

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Four cellulose solvents including [C2mim][CH3COO] + DMSO, [C4mim][CH3COO] + DMSO, [C6mim][CH3COO] + DMSO, and [C8mim][CH3COO] + DMSO were prepared by adding dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C2mim][CH3COO], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C4mim][CH3COO], 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C6mim][CH3COO], and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C8mim][CH3COO], respectively. The solubilities of cellulose in these solvents were determined at 25°C. The effect of the alkyl chain length in imidazolium cation on cellulose solubility was investigated. With increasing alkyl chain length in imidazolium cation, the solubility of cellulose increases, but further increase in alkyl chain length results in decreases in cellulose.

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Pang, Chaowei, Robert Shanks, and Fugen Daver. "Cellulose fibre-cellulose acetate hybrid composites with nanosilica." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0168.

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Abstract Biocomposites incorporating cellulose fibres, a renewable resource, have high modulus and strength and flexibility suitable for structural applications. Solution casting, ultrasonication, and compression moulding methods were used to prepare the specimens. Results show that plasticiser indeed improved the flexibility of the composite and adding fillers further enhanced the performance of the composite.

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Scandola, M., and G. Ceccorulli. "Viscoelastic properties of cellulose derivatives: 1. Cellulose acetate." Polymer 26, no. 13 (December 1985): 1953–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(85)90173-9.

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Komarek, Ronald J., Robert M. Gardner, Charles M. Buchanan, and Steven Gedon. "Biodegradation of radiolabeled cellulose acetate and cellulose propionate." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50, no. 10 (December 10, 1993): 1739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070501009.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cellulose acetate'

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