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Academic literature on the topic 'Cellulose acetate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cellulose acetate"

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RAHMAN, M. MAHBUBUR, MD NURUL ANWAR KHAN, MD KAMRUL HASAN, MAHBUB ALAM, M. MOSTAFIZUR RAHMAN, M. SHAHRIAR BASHAR, MD AFTAB ALI SHAIKH, and M. SARWAR JAHAN. "EFFECTS OF BALL MILLING AND ENZYME TREATMENT ON CELLULOSE ACETYLATION." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 57, no. 7-8 (September 29, 2023): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.64.

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A novel process was developed to produce cellulose acetate from bleached hardwood kraft pulp (BHKP) through ball milling and cellulase treatment. The ball milling and/or cellulase treatment of BHKP increased the esterification reaction, but enzyme treatment reduced the viscosity of the produced cellulose acetate (CA). The degree of substitution (DS) values upon acetylation were 2.26 for BHKP, 2.61 for ball-milled BHKP and 2.91 for ball milled followed by cellulase treatment of BHKP. The prepared CA was also characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, 1H-NMR and SEM. A strong band for –OH stretching of cellulose disappeared and created a strong band for carbonyl (C=O) group on esterification of BHKP. The crystallinity index of BHKP was 63.3%, which completely disappeared on acetylation, demonstrating the successful esterification of cellulose. The initial weight loss of cellulose acetates was lower than that of the native cellulose, as observed in TGA, indicating the acetylated samples are less hydrophilic. 1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the complete structure of cellulose acetate.

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Abdellah Ali, Salah F., Lovert A. William, and Eman A. Fadl. "Cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate membranes for water desalination applications." Cellulose 27, no. 16 (September 11, 2020): 9525–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03434-w.

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Asriza, Ristika O., Nurhadini Nurhadini, and Fardhan Arkan. "Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate from α-Cellulose of Paper Waste." Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry 8, no. 2 (June 26, 2023): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v8.i2.82.

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A cellulose derivative substance called cellulose acetate is frequently used in the manufacturing of photographic film, fiber, membranes, and bioplastics. However, the availability of sources for cellulose acetate's raw material does not support this demand. Paper waste has a high cellulose content. Therefore, the aim of this research is to synthesize cellulose acetate from α-cellulose waste paper. In order to separate alpha cellulose from waste paper in this study, the delignification process with NaOH solvent was used as a first step. After obtaining alpha cellulose, acetic anhydride was used to carry out the acetylation reaction. The yield of α-cellulose from paper waste is 51.8%. α-Cellulose is reacted with acetic anhydride through acetylation reactions and hydrolysis of acetyl groups. From this reaction, functional groups -OH, C=O ester, and C-O acetyl appeared from the FTIR spectra analysis which indicated that cellulose acetate had been successfully synthesized. The type of cellulose acetate produced is a type of cellulose monoacetate with an acetyl groups of 23% and a degree of substitution value of 1.17

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Abdellah Ali, Salah F., Lovert A. William, Shaker M. Ebrahim, and Eman A. Fadl. "Correction to: Cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate membranes for water desalination applications." Cellulose 27, no. 16 (November 2020): 9545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03529-4.

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Sizova, M. V., J. A. Izquierdo, N. S. Panikov, and L. R. Lynd. "Cellulose- and Xylan-Degrading Thermophilic Anaerobic Bacteria from Biocompost." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 7 (February 11, 2011): 2282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01219-10.

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ABSTRACTNine thermophilic cellulolytic clostridial isolates and four other noncellulolytic bacterial isolates were isolated from self-heated biocompost via preliminary enrichment culture on microcrystalline cellulose. All cellulolytic isolates grew vigorously on cellulose, with the formation of either ethanol and acetate or acetate and formate as principal fermentation products as well as lactate and glycerol as minor products. In addition, two out of nine cellulolytic strains were able to utilize xylan and pretreated wood with roughly the same efficiency as for cellulose. The major products of xylan fermentation were acetate and formate, with minor contributions of lactate and ethanol. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA and glycosyl hydrolase family 48 (GH48) gene sequences revealed that two xylan-utilizing isolates were related to aClostridium clariflavumstrain and represent a distinct novel branch within the GH48 family. Both isolates possessed high cellulase and xylanase activity induced independently by either cellulose or xylan. Enzymatic activity decayed after growth cessation, with more-rapid disappearance of cellulase activity than of xylanase activity. A mixture of xylan and cellulose was utilized simultaneously, with a significant synergistic effect observed as a reduction of lag phase in cellulose degradation.

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Setyaningsih, Lucky, Harry Priambodo, Inggar Erfiano, Sandy Agung, and Rizqi Khrido Utomo. "Synthesis and Characterization of Membranes from Cellulose Acetate Derivatives of Corn Husk." Key Engineering Materials 818 (August 2019): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.818.56.

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In this study membranes synthesized using cellulose acetate through chemical crosslinking process with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dimethylformamide (DMF) acts as crosslinker agent. Cellulose is derived from corn husk, which known as agricultural waste that has potential sources of cellulosic fibers in producing cellulose acetate. The prepared membranes of corn husk cellulose were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction. The effect of various additives and additives concentration were investigated to obtain swelling degree and tensile strength of membranes. Result showed that highest swelling degree of 236% was achieved in the condition of DMF/S 10% w/w. This condition produce cellulose acetate membrane with thickness of 0.074 mm, tensile strength of 27.5kg/cm2 and elongation of 3.5%.

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Mandolfo, S., C. Tetta, S. David, R. Gervasio, D. Ognibene, M. L. Wratten, E. Tessore, and E. Imbasciati. "In Vitro and in Vivo Biocompatibility of Substituted Cellulose and Synthetic Membranes." International Journal of Artificial Organs 20, no. 11 (November 1997): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889702001102.

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Regenerated cellulosic membranes are held as bioincompatible due to their high complement - and leukopenia - inducing properties. Adherence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocyte purified from normal human blood to the three membranes were evaluated in an in vitro recirculation circuit in the presence or absence of fresh, autologous plasma after recirculation in an in vitro circuit using minimodules with each of the three membranes. In in vivo studies, 9 patients were treated with conventional haemodialysis for 2 weeks with each membrane and 1 week for wash-out using haemodialysers with the following surface: 1.95 m2 for benzyl-cellulose, 1.8 m2 for acetate-cellulose and low-flux polysulfone. Measurement of leukopenia, plasma C3a des Arg and elastase-α 1 proteinase inhibitor complex levels as well as urea, creatinine, phosphate and uric acid clearances was performed. Plasma-free neutrophils adhered maximally to acetate-cellulose (65% remaining in the circulation), while there was no significant difference between low-flux polysulfone and benzyl-cellulose (80% circulating neutrophils, at 15 min, p<0.001 vs acetate cellulose). In the presence of fresh plasma, as source of complement, the differences between acetate cellulose vs polysulfone and benzyl-cellulose were even more evident, suggesting the role of complement-activated products in neutrophil adherence. A similar trend was observed for monocyte adherence with the three membranes in the absence or presence of plasma. In vivo studies showed that the nadir of leukopenia was at 15 and 30 min with acetate-cellulose (79%) and benzyl-cellulose (50%) (p<0.05 acetate- vs benzyl-cellulose) and at 15 min with polysulfone (24%) (p<0.01 vs acetate- and benzyl-cellulose). Plasma C3a des Arg levels arose to 2037 ± 120 ng/ml, 1216 + 434 ng/ml and 46 ± 55 ng/ml with acetate-, benzyl-cellulose and polysulfone, respectively. No pre- vs post-dialysis increase in the intracellular content of TNF-α was detected with any of three membranes. Clearance values of urea, creatinine and uric acid were superimposable for all the three membranes. However, benzyl cellulose had a significantly higher clearance for phosphorus (normalized for surface area) (p<0.01 vs acetate-cellulose, 0.001 vs polysulfone). These results implicate that synthetic modification of the cellulose polymer as for the benzyl-cellulose significantly reduces the in vitro adherence, delays the in vivo activation of “classic” biocompatibility parameters and notably improves the removal of inorganic phosphorus.

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Umaningrum, Dewi, Maria Dewi Astuti, Radna Nurmasari, Hasanuddin Hasanuddin, Ani Mulyasuryani, and Diah Mardiana. "Variation of Iodine Mass and Acetylation Time On Cellulose Acetate Synthesis From Rice Straw." Indo. J Chem. Res. 8, no. 3 (January 31, 2021): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2021.7-dew.

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Cellulose acetate is a membrane material that can be used in the sensor field. One source of cellulose acetate is from rice straw. This study aimed to study the effect of iodine mass and acetylation time on cellulose acetate synthesis from rice straw. The initial step is to isolate cellulose from rice straw, followed by cellulose acetate synthesis using iodine catalyst by varying the amount of iodine as much as 0.1-0.3 grams and acetylation time for 1 until 5 hours. The cellulose acetate was characterized using an infrared spectrophotometer, and its viscosity was determined. The result shows that the cellulose 33.63%. The maximum time of cellulose acetate acetylation is 2 hours with a mass of iodine 0.2 g. The yield of cellulose acetate was 14.98%, with an acetyl value of 19.11% and a degree of substitution of 0.89. The cellulose acetate produced has a low viscosity. The FTIR characterization of cellulose acetate shows O-H functional groups at 3333 cm-1, C-H functional groups at 2897 cm-1, carbonyl functional groups at 1722 cm-1 C-O functional groups at 1029 cm-1 that were identical in cellulose acetate compounds. The amount of iodine and the acetylation time affected the cellulose acetate product.

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Jiang, Lijie, Xingyu Huang, Chaochao Tian, Yidan Zhong, Ming Yan, Chen Miao, Ting Wu, and Xiaofan Zhou. "Preparation and Characterization of Porous Cellulose Acetate Nanofiber Hydrogels." Gels 9, no. 6 (June 13, 2023): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9060484.

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The currently reported methods for preparing cellulose acetate hydrogels use chemical reagents as cross-linking agents, and the prepared ones are non-porous structured cellulose acetate hydrogels. Nonporous cellulose acetate hydrogels limit the range of applications, such as limiting cell attachment and nutrient delivery in tissue engineering. This research creatively proposed a facile method to prepare cellulose acetate hydrogels with porous structures. Water was added to the cellulose acetate–acetone solution as an anti-solvent to induce the phase separation of the cellulose acetate–acetone solution to obtain a physical gel with a network structure, where the cellulose acetate molecules undergo re-arrangement during the replacement of acetone by water to obtain hydrogels. The SEM and BET test results showed that the hydrogels are relatively porous. The maximum pore size of the cellulose acetate hydrogel is 380 nm, and the specific surface area reaches 62 m2/g. The porosity of the hydrogel is significantly higher than that of the cellulose acetate hydrogel reported in the previous literature. The XRD results show that the nanofibrous morphology of cellulose acetate hydrogels is caused by the deacetylation reaction of cellulose acetate.

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Kusumah, Fuji Hernawati, Ida Sriyanti, Dhewa Edikresnha, Muhammad Miftahul Munir, and Khairurrijal. "Simply Electrospun Gelatin/Cellulose Acetate Nanofibers and their Physico-Chemical Characteristics." Materials Science Forum 880 (November 2016): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.880.95.

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Gelatin in fibers form can be used for tissue engineering, wound dressing, or drug carrier. However, it is easily damaged if exposed to water. Thus, it was blended with cellulose acetate. Acetic acid was used as a solvent because it is less toxic. The mass ratios of gelatin to cellulose acetate of 10:0, 8:2, and 6:4 were as precursor solutions. Simple electrospinning was employed to produce gelatin/cellulose acetate fibers. From SEM images, it was shown that the average diameters of gelatin/cellulose acetate fibers from the precursor solutions of 10:0, 8:2, and 6:4 were 534, 649, and 765 nm, respectively. The addition of cellulose acetate increased the viscosity of gelatin/cellulose acetate solution. Moreover, gelatin mass reduction caused a decrease in conductivity of gelatin/cellulose acetate solution. Therefore, increasing in the viscosity or reducing in the conductivity of the precursor solution increased the average diameter of the gelatin/cellulose acetate fibers. The analysis of FTIR spectra showed that the structural changes of gelatin and cellulose acetate occurred after being transformed into gelatin/cellulose acetate nanofibers.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cellulose acetate"

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Lane, J. M. "Solid state NMR studies of cellulose and cellulose acetate." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374690.

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Samios, Eleftherios. "The microbial degradation of cellulose acetate." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11195.

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Cellulose acetate is a chemical of great industrial importance. Its uses range from the manufacture of textiles to cigarette filters. Cellulose acetate is not biodegraded easily. The aim of this project was to identify, micro-organisms that would attack cellulose acetate and to propose a possible mechanism for the biodegradation process. Discarded cigarette filters were taken from the street and they were plated onto Sabouraud medium, a selective medium for fungi. The growth observed was on the outside of the filters. The middle portion of discarded cigarette filters was opened asceptically, and added in flasks containing nutrient broth. Eighty percent of the flasks showed no signs of bacteriological growth after 24 hours, showing that the inside of the filters was sterile. It would appear, that cigarette filters are a very effective barrier towards microbial penetration. Cigarette filters were laid on potting compost, sand and tile surfaces, in order to monitor their progress over a period of 12 months. These experiments took place under moist and warm conditions, in order to enhance biological growth. The sand and tile experiments were abandoned after a relatively short period as no obvious changes could be seen. The experiments on compost did not show any visible signs of biodegradation for 7 months. After that period, algal growth developed on the filters exposed to light, and a slight decrease in the degree of substitution (the average number of acetyl groups per anhydroglucose unit) was observed. Cellulose acetates with varying degrees of substitution were synthesised and used as carbon source for the growth of the fungus Aspergillus jilmigatus, a common soil species. Previous experiments had shown that this species was the predominant one growing on the filters. It was found that biodegradability varied with the degree of substitution. The higher the degree of substitution, the slower the biodegradation. Biodegradation could not be shown in cellulose acetate with a degree of substitution of 2.5, the material from which cigarette filters are made. The degradation products were analysed by means of FTIR spectroscopy, IH and \3C NMR, solution viscosity and GPC. From the results obtained, it could be deduced that the biodegradation proceeded by a mild de-acetylation (esterase) prior to de-polymerisation (cellulase).

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Garcia, Thomas Patrick. "Ester hydrolysis of cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate phthalate in aqueous suspension and solution and solid state /." Ann Arbor, Mich. : UMI, 1989. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/016067193.pdf.

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Heyman, Nils. "High Resolution 3D Printing with Cellulose Acetate." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nanoteknologi och funktionella material, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413853.

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In this project, an additive manufacturing technique called Direct Ink Writing has been used to 3D print structures from polymer solutions containing cellulose acetate. Cellulose acetate is a synthetic compound derived from plants. The intended application involves protein separation filters for medical purposes. The printing has been performed in a lab environment with focus on high resolution, with less than 10 micrometers in fibre size. Glass capillaries with an inner diameter of 3-10 micrometers were used as nozzles. Three-dimensional structures with a height of 100 micrometers and a fibre thickness of 2 micrometers were made. The results indicates that cellulose acetate is a promising polymer for Direct Ink Writing in high resolution. Improvements are needed in the ink design and/or the technical construction of the printer to avoid clogging of the nozzle.

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El-Taki, Wassim. "Cellulose acetate metal-impregnated membranes for air separations." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10221.

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Polymeric membranes are widely used in the oxygen enrichment of air for medical purposes and in the preparation of nitrogen for use in blanketing applications. Membranes having both high selectivity and permeability are essential for these applications. In this work, several membranes were prepared by the phase inversion technique. Casting solutions containing cellulose acetate, EDTA and acetone were spread onto a backing material and gelled in iced water. The membranes were then subjected to several post-treatments such as annealing, silver impregnation and silver impregnation followed by reduction to silver metal. The effects of EDTA and film post-treatments were determined with respect to air permeability and oxygen concentration in the permeate. The porosity of the resulting membranes were determined using gas sorption techniques. The presence of EDTA in the casting solution increased the entrapment of silver within the membrane. The air permeability of the membrane and oxygen concentration of the permeate were individually normalized. An objective function was defined as the product of the normalized air permeability and the normalized oxygen concentration in the permeate. The objective function exhibited an optimum at the solubility limit of 2% EDTA in water. However, the excessive presence of EDTA reduced both membrane air permeability and oxygen separation. The presence of silver in the membrane caused the blockage of pores in the 30-100 A diameter range. The pore size distributions of the membranes, measured using gas sorption techniques, provided a good explanation for the observed air permeability and oxygen separation of the membranes.

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Bao, Congyu. "Cellulose acetate / plasticizer systems : structure, morphology and dynamics." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10049/document.

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Les polysaccharides sont l'une des principales options à retenir pour progresser dans l'utilisation ou la conception de polymères renouvelables. Depuis les années cinquante, le développement industriel de ce type de polymères s'était considérablement réduit du fait de l'avènement des polymères synthétiques. Cependant, cet intérêt a cru considérablement ces dernières années en raison de la sensibilisation du public sur la limite des ressources fossiles. Ces biopolymères sont donc devenus un sujet d'importance, tant sur le plan industriel que sur celui de la recherche fondamentale. Toutefois, les systèmes à base de polysaccharides sont le plus souvent transformés via l'utilisation d'importantes quantités de solvants (y compris l'eau), ce qui globalement pénalise le procédé associé en l'affligeant d'une charge environnementale supplémentaire. Par la voie ‘fondue', le développement de polymères thermoplastiques à base de dérivés de la cellulose est un véritable défi, qui concerne autant le mode de transformation de ces systèmes que le niveau des propriétés du matériau final. Pour exemple, la température de dégradation de l'acétate de cellulose (CA) (dont le degré de substitution 2,5 est développé par le Groupe Solvay) est si proche de sa température de fusion que son procédé de mise en oeuvre ne peut être envisagé qu'avec l'ajout d'une quantité importante de plastifiants externes (entre 20 et 30 en poids selon le type d'additif). Le comportement d'un mélange CA-plastifiant est principalement régi par un «réseau» de très fortes interactions polaires, dont la force et la densité dépendent de 3 paramètres spécifiques: le degré de substitution de CA, la typologie de plastifiant et la quantité de plastifiant. Pour expliquer les différents mécanismes de plastification, il est donc important pour nous d'étudier et de comprendre les propriétés dynamiques (en ce qui concerne les phénomènes de relaxation) de ce type de systèmes et comment les trois leviers que nous avons identifiés peuvent influencer ou moduler les différentes interactions échangées dans les mélanges
Polysaccharides are one of the main options to the on-going move towards the use of renewable polymers. The industrial interest in this type of polymers drastically shrunk by the advent of synthetic polymers in the fifties, but is currently reviving due to the public awareness on the limit of fossil resources. These biopolymers are nowadays offering a challenging and industrially profitable playground for researchers. However, current polysaccharides based materials are mostly processed with extensive use of solvents (including water) making the total process an environmental burden despite the advantage of the starting material. Development of thermoplastic cellulose-based materials is very challenging regarding both final material properties and polymer processing. The degradation temperature of Cellulose Acetate (CA) (degree of substitution 2.5) is so close to its melting temperature that it can only be processed with a significant amount of external plasticizers (between 20 et 30 wt.% depending on the type of the additive). Behavior of a CA-plasticizer blend is mainly governed by a ‘network’ of high polar interactions, the strength and the density of which clearly depend of 3 specific parameters: the CA’s degree of substitution, the typology of the plasticizer, the amount of plasticizer. In an attempt to explain the different plasticization mechanisms, it is thus of utmost importance for us to study and understand the dynamic properties (regarding the relaxation phenomena) of this kind of systems and how the three levers that we identified can influence or modulate the different interactions exchanged within the blends

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Wilburn, Daniel Scott. "A new method for the production of cellulose acetate." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9127.

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Williamson, Diana Michelle. "The degradation of cellulose acetate base motion picture film." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359295.

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The natural degradation of processed black and white cellulose acetate based 35mm motion picture film material has been investigated using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. According to current standards only this material is considered to be an archival recording medium. It has been recognised that understanding the relationship between structure and physical properties would provide knowledge to help inhibit motion picture film degradation. A correlation between observed changes in molecular structure and physical property changes namely, % moisture regain, acidity and viscosity has been obtained. Results of these studies indicate that the primary mode of degradation is hydrolysis of ester groups leading to deacetylation of the C6 acetyl group in the polymer chain. On further deactylation, the C3 acetyl group is lost in preference to the C2 acetyl group. Therefore, it can be concluded that a decrease in viscosity retention and an increase in acidity concurs with deacetylation of the polymer chain. On this basis mechanisms of deacetylation would predominate since oxidative chain-scission would take place through the C2 acetyl group which is less accessible. NMR spectroscopy also reveals that the plasticisers, namely triphenyl phosphate and diethyl phthalate incorporated into cellulose acetate base, influence its stability. Under archival conditions the triphenyl phosphate plasticiser appears not to undergo degradation but becomes increasingly incompatible with the cellulose acetate base. Diethyl phthalate however was seen to degrade as the cellulose acetate base itself degrades. A more detailed understanding of the macromolecular structure of cellulose acetate based motion picture film has been obtained with the use of Molecular Modelling and Graphics studies using QUANTA software. This supports the NMR study indicating that the C6 and C3 acetyl groups are clearly more exposed in the polymer matrix and therefore, are more likely to be lost as hydrolysis of the polymer chain occurs. Modelling studies also supported reduced stability of the polymer in the presence of plasticisers. When plasticisers were docked within the polymer matrix distortions of the polymers chains were observed as chains were pushed apart and dihedral angles altered. The role of the emulsion in film degradation was also examined by electrophoresis. This separation of proteins has shown that under archival conditions, naturally aged gelatin emulsion layers show a decrease in molecular weight. This has been attributed to the acid catalysed deacetylation of the cellulose acetate base lowering the pH of the film and inducing hydrolysis of gelatin. Only when considerable amounts of acid have been evolved are changes to the emulsion observed. Finally, the effects of storage containers were characterised using viscosity and acidity measurements. Accelerated ageing studies at 50%RH 70°C to emulate archival storage conditions revealed that in the early stages of degradation polyethylene and polypropylene cans were more detrimental to film stability than the more traditional metal can. The plastic cans were shown to promote oxidative degradation of the film and polypropylene was shown to lead to higher levels of peroxide in films than polyethylene

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Tawari, Akram. "Development of a cellulose acetate hollow-fine-fibre membrane." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4253.

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Thesis (MScEng (Process Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The goal of this study is to produce cellulose acetate (CA) hollow-fine-fibre membranes with good water flux performance in the 95 – 96% salt retention range for brackish water desalination from first principles. First, the acceptable range of fibre dimensions was determined by means of a collapse pressure calculation using the elastic buckling pressure equation (thin shell assumption). Second, the pressure drop across the fibre wall in the hollow-fine fibre was determined by using the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, in order to determine how this would affect the chosen fibre dimensions. It was determined that the acceptable range of fibre dimensions was 222 – 247 m, and the wall thickness was 50 m. Fibres with these dimensions exhibited a high resistance to brackish water operating pressure of 20 – 25 bar, without collapse. The pressure drop calculations of these dimensions showed a sufficiently low pressure drop across the fibres. A dry-wet spinning technique was used for the preparation of the hollow-fine-fibre membranes. Hollow-fine fibres were spun using CA dissolved in a suitable solvent and non-solvent mixture comprising acetone and formamide. The effects of the dope composition and spinning parameters such as solvent to non-solvent ratio, bore fluid ratio, take-up speed, dope extrusion rate and heat treatment on the membrane morphology and performance were investigated. The spun fibres showed a good morphological structure, with no macrovoids (sponge-like structure), which is favourable for reverse osmosis (RO) applications. The hollow-fine-fibre membranes showed a good brackish water desalination performance within brackish water operating conditions. Statistical analysis was used to generate a fabrication formulation for producing cellulose acetate hollow-fine-fibre membrane for brackish water desalination with improved salt retention and flux. A three-level three-factor factorial was used to the study of the effect of spinning parameters (solvent to non-solvent ratio, bore fluid ratio and air gap distance). A regression equation was successfully established and was used to predictably produce membranes with good performance within the limits of the factors studied. RO performance of these hollow-fine-fibre membranes was good: The salt retention ranged from 96 to 98% and the permeate flux ranged from 60 to 46 L/m2.d (2 000 ppm, NaCl, 20 bar, 24 oC).
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie het ten doel gehad om selluloseasetaat holveselmembrane vanaf eerste beginsels vir brakwaterontsouting te ontwikkel. Die ontsoutingsvlakke van die membrane moet tussen 95 en 96% lê met ’n aanvaarbare waterproduksievermoë. Aanvaarbare deursneë vir die holvesels is eerstens bepaal deur platval-berekeninge met behulp van die inmekaarvouvergelyking uit te voer (dunwand aanname). Hierna is drukval oor die wand van die holvesel met behulp van die Hagen-Poiseuille vergelyking bepaal ten einde vas te stel hoe dit die gekose dimensies sal beïnvloed. Daar is vasgestel dat vesel deursneë tussen 222 en 247 um met ’n 50 um wand aanvaarbaar is. Vesels met hierdie dimensies het ’n hoë weerstand teen inval getoon by brakwater opereringsdrukke tussen 20 en 25 bar. ’n Droë-nat spintegniek is in die voorbereiding van die holveselmembrane gebruik. Holvesel membrane is met ’n selluloseasetaat stroop gespin wat uit ’n oplosmiddel (asetoon) en nieoplossmiddel (formamied) bestaan het. Die effek van die spinstroop samestelling en spinparameters soos die oplosmiddel tot nieoplosmiddel verhouding, lumen-vloeistof verhouding, opneemspoed, spinstroop ekstrusie tempo en hittebehandeling op membraan morfologie en werkverrigting is ondersoek. Die gespinde vesels toon ’n sponsagtige struktuur sonder die teenwoordigheid van enige mikroleemtes wat voordelig is vir tru-osmose toepassings. Die holvesel membrane het aanvaarbare brakwater ontsoutings werkverrigting. Statistiese analise is gebruik in die generasie van produksieformulasies vir die produksie van brakwater ontsoutingsmembrane met verbeterde retensie en vloed. ’n Drie-vlak driefaktoriaal ontwerp is tydens die studie gebruik om die effek van spinparameters (oplosmiddel tot nie-oplosmiddel verhouding, lumen vloeistof verhouding, en lug-gaping) te ondersoek. ’n Regressie vergelyking is suksesvol daargestel en gebruik om voorspelbaar membrane met goeie werkverrigting binne die limiete van die studie te produseer. Die tru-osmose werkverrigting van die membrane was goed: die sout retensie het tussen 96 en 98% gelê en die permeaatvloed tussen 60 en 46 L/m2.d (2 000 ppm NaCl, 20 bar, 24oC).

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Yang, Yan. "Characterization of polyethylene terephthalate, cellulose acetate and their blends." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020651/.

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Books on the topic "Cellulose acetate"

1

Lane, Jacqueline M. Solid state NMR studies of cellulose and cellulose acetate. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1986.

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F, Niyazi, ed. Stabilization and modification of cellulose diacetate. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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GAMA, Workshop (2003 Heidelberg Germany). Cellulose acetates: Properties and applications ; GAMA Workshop, Heidelberg, Germany, September 29-October 1, 2003. Weinheim, Germany: WILEY-VCH Verlag, 2004.

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F, Johnson Corinne, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Optimization of moisture content for wheat seedling germination in a cellulose acetate medium for a space flight experiment. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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F, Johnson Corinne, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Optimization of moisture content for wheat seedling germination in a cellulose acetate medium for a space flight experiment. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Hopkins, R. S. A pilot study of the performance of a new sintered plastic material in comparison with state of the art cellulose acetate and silicone elastomer membranes. [Poole]: Dorset Institute of Higher Education, 1987.

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S, Anders, ed. Engineering thermoplastics: Polycarbonates polyacetals polyesters cellulose esters. Munich: Hanser Publishers, 1996.

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Roberson, Calvin. Cellulose Acetate: Properties, Uses and Preparation. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2019.

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Samios, Eleftherios. The microbial degradation of cellulose acetate. 1995.

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Beyger, Joseph Wayne. Microencapsulation of pharmaceuticals with cellulose acetate phthalate. 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cellulose acetate"

1

Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Cellulose Acetate." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_1739.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Cellulose Acetate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 128. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2104.

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Sugimura, Kazuki, Yoshikuni Teramoto, and Yoshiyuki Nishio. "Cellulose Acetate." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials, 1–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36199-9_328-1.

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Sugimura, Kazuki, Yoshikuni Teramoto, and Yoshiyuki Nishio. "Cellulose Acetate." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials, 339–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29648-2_328.

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Ganster, Johannes, and Hans-Peter Fink. "Cellulose and Cellulose Acetate." In Bio-Based Plastics, 35–62. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118676646.ch3.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Cellulose Acetate Butyrate." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_1740.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Cellulose Acetate Propionate." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_1741.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Cellulose Acetate Butyrate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 128. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2105.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Cellulose Acetate Propionate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 128. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2106.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Cellulose Acetate Propionate Carboxylate." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_1742.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cellulose acetate"

1

Cho, K. Y., H. K. Lim, Y. Chen, Jaehwan Kim, and K. S. Kang. "Micro-mold fabrication using cellulose acetate." In The 14th International Symposium on: Smart Structures and Materials & Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Vijay K. Varadan. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.715881.

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Absar, Saheem, Mujibur Khan, Kyle Edwards, and David Calamas. "Electrospinning of Cisplatin-Loaded Cellulose Nanofibers for Cancer Drug Delivery." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37182.

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Cellulosic nanofibers have been electrospun with an antitumor agent Cisplatin. Cellulose acetate (CA) and Cisplatin were co-electrospun using a coaxial electrospinning system. For the outer sheath, a solution of 7.5wt% CA in Acetone and DMAc (2:1) was used. The inner core consisted of Cisplatin dissolved in DMF at a concentration of 5mg/ml. Drug-loaded nanofibers from Cellulose pulp (2wt%) dissolved in NMMO. H2O were also produced. The solutions were electrospun in a high voltage electric field of 25–30 kV. Characterization of neat and drug-loaded nanofibers was performed using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The characterization studies have shown the formation of nanofibers having both sporadic beads with internal agglomeration and conjugation of Cisplatin on the nanofiber surfaces.

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Suryanto, Heru, Fredy Kurniawan, and Daimon Syukri. "Characteristics of cellulose acetate from bacterial cellulose made of pineapple waste." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREEN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY 2022 (ICONGETECH 2022). AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0198560.

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Attari, Nasrin, and Robert Hausler. "Morphological investigation of Cellulose Acetate nanofibrous membranes." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Recent Trends in Environmental Science and Engineering (RTESE'20). Avestia Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/rtese20.124.

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Štefelová, J., M. Mucha, and T. Zelenka. "Cellulose acetate-based carbon xerogels and cryogels." In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc130061.

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Ponnusamy, Ramalingam, Varuna Kumaravel, and Saraswathy Nachimuthu. "Synthesis of cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate for the removal of synthetic dyes." In THE 8TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON TRENDS IN SCIENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION (AISTSSE) 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0109788.

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Branka, Branka, and Andrijana Sever Škapin. "Weathering Effects on Cellulose Acetate Microplastics from Discarded Cigarette Butts." In Socratic lectures 10. University of Lubljana Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2024.i21.

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Abstract: Cellulose acetate, commonly used in cigarette filters, poses environmental concerns due to its questionable (bio)degradability and prevalent presence in nature. This study compares the weathering effects on two types of cigarette filters: traditional and newer filters used in heated tobacco devices (HTP). Microplastics were derived from used cigarette parts and then subjected to artificial aging. Analytical techniques (Thermogravimetry-Differential Scanning Calorimetry TG/DSC, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis (FTIR)) and loose bulk density measurements were employed pre- and post-aging cellulose acetate of both types of samples. Despite in-creasing evidence influencing European Union (EU) directives on tobacco product disposal, there's a lack of systematic analysis on the weathering impact, especially concerning the touted environmental benefits of newer filters. Results indicate de-creased particle size in cellulose acetate filters post-aging. Variances were observed in thermal behavior, yet FTIR spectra remained unchanged. Keywords: Cellulose acetate; Cigarette filters; Microplastics; Artificial weathering; UV radiation impact, Polymer degradation

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ABD EL-KADER, F. H., A. M. SHEHAP, A. F. BASHA, and N. H. EL-FEWATY. "ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION MECHANISM AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYVINYL ACETATE AND CELLULOSE ACETATE PROPIONATE BLENDS." In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Modern Trends in Physics Research. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814317511_0011.

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Kalidindi, Sanjay V., Zoubeida Ounaies, and Hamid Kaddami. "Electric Field Manipulation of Cellulose Whiskers in Polyvinyl Acetate." In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3882.

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Cellulose whiskers as inclusions have shown a lot of promise due to their potential to enhance mechanical and piezoelectric response of polymers. In addition, CWs are high aspect ratio particles; by aligning them in polymers, improved and anisotropic physical properties could be achieved. In this study, we investigate the effect of AC electric field on the alignment of CWs in a solution of PVAc and DMF. CWs were dispersed as small bundles (<10μm). Alignment and chain formation was found to be a function of electric field magnitude, frequency and time. Dielectric constant of the solutions was studied as a function of applied electric field magnitude, frequency and duration. Significant improvements in dielectric constant were observed for the aligned cases as compared to random case. Optimum properties were achieved at 100 – 200 Vpp/mm and 50 KHz for duration of 20 minutes. Future work will focus on processing thin films with individually dispersed CWs, and improving their alignment to further increase the electrical and mechanical properties.

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Abidin, S. Z. Z., A. M. Ali, N. K. Jaafar, and M. Z. A. Yahya. "Electrical properties of cellulose acetate-based polymer gel electrolytes." In 3RD ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017 (EGM 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5002282.

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Reports on the topic "Cellulose acetate"

1

Seetala, Naidu, and Upali Siriwardane. Development of Low Cost Membranes (Ta, Nb & Cellulose Acetate) for H₂/CO₂ Separation in WGS Reactors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1043820.

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Hoitink, Harry A. J., Yitzhak Hadar, Laurence V. Madden, and Yona Chen. Sustained Suppression of Pythium Diseases: Interactions between Compost Maturity and Nutritional Requirements of Biocontrol Agents. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568755.bard.

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Several procedures were developed that predict maturity (stability) of composts prepared from municipal solid wastes (MSW). A respirometry procedure, based O2 uptake by compost, predicted (R2=0.90) the growth response of ryegrass in composts and an acceptable level of maturity. Spectroscopic methods (CPMAS13-NMR and DRIFT spectroscopy) showed that the stabilizing compost contained increasing levels of aromatic structures. All procedures predicted acceptable plant growth after approximately 110 days of composting. MSW compost suppressed diseases caused by a broad spectrum of plant pathogens including Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium oxysporum. A strain of Pantoea agglomerans was identified that caused lysis of hyphae of R. solani. Evidence was obtained, suggesting that thermophilic biocontrol agents also might play a role in suppression. 13C-NMR spectra revealed that the longevity of the suppressive effect against Pythium root rot was determined by the concentration of readily biodegradable carbohydrate in the substrate, mostly present as cellulose. Bacterial species capable of inducing biocontrol were replaced by those not effective as suppression was lost. The rate of uptake of 14C-acetate into microbial biomass in the conducive substrate was not significantly different from that in the suppressive substrate although specific activity was higher. The suppressive composts induced systemic acquired resistance in cucumjber roots to Pythium root rot and to anthracnose in the foliage. Composts also increased peroxidase activity in plants by the conducive substrate did not have these effects. In summary, the composition of the organic fraction determined bacterial species composition and activity in the substrate, which in turn regulated plant gene expression relative to biological control.

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Hoitink, Harry A. J., Yitzhak Hadar, Laurence V. Madden, and Yona Chen. Sustained Suppression of Pythium Diseases: Interactions between Compost Maturity and Nutritional Requirements of Biocontrol Agents. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568746.bard.

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Several procedures were developed that predict maturity (stability) of composts prepared from municipal solid wastes (MSW). A respirometry procedure, based O2 uptake by compost, predicted (R2=0.90) the growth response of ryegrass in composts and an acceptable level of maturity. Spectroscopic methods (CPMAS13-NMR and DRIFT spectroscopy) showed that the stabilizing compost contained increasing levels of aromatic structures. All procedures predicted acceptable plant growth after approximately 110 days of composting. MSW compost suppressed diseases caused by a broad spectrum of plant pathogens including Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium oxysporum. A strain of Pantoea agglomerans was identified that caused lysis of hyphae of R. solani. Evidence was obtained, suggesting that thermophilic biocontrol agents also might play a role in suppression. 13C-NMR spectra revealed that the longevity of the suppressive effect against Pythium root rot was determined by the concentration of readily biodegradable carbohydrate in the substrate, mostly present as cellulose. Bacterial species capable of inducing biocontrol were replaced by those not effective as suppression was lost. The rate of uptake of 14C-acetate into microbial biomass in the conducive substrate was not significantly different from that in the suppressive substrate although specific activity was higher. The suppressive composts induced systemic acquired resistance in cucumjber roots to Pythium root rot and to anthracnose in the foliage. Composts also increased peroxidase activity in plants by the conducive substrate did not have these effects. In summary, the composition of the organic fraction determined bacterial species composition and activity in the substrate, which in turn regulated plant gene expression relative to biological control.

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4

Low cost hydrogen/novel membrane technology for hydrogen separation from synthesis gas, Phase 1. [Polyetherimide, cellulose acetate and ethylcellulose]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5039674.

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