Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellules – Vieillissement – Modèles animaux'
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Klein, Annabelle. "Characterization of developmental senescence using a new reporter mouse model to identify genes common across senescence states." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ032.
Full textCellular senescence is a cellular state characterized by stable cell cycle arrest, numerous intracellular changes and a secretory phenotype. This process can be detrimental in many contexts, but can also be beneficial, for example during embryonic development. To date, there are no specific markers of cellular senescence. In this thesis project, I validated a new mouse model of senescence p21-mCherry-CreERT2, in vitro and in vivo. I then used this mouse to define the transcriptome of embryonic limb developmental senescence. This developmental senescence signature was then used to perform a meta-analysis with 18 other senescence studies, and identified numerous candidate genes that could be novel markers or mediators of senescence
Descamps, Olivier. "Sress oxydant et vieillissement : aspects mitochondriaux et stratégies nutritionnelles anti-cancer et anti-vieillissement chez la souris OF1." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE18008.
Full textOur thesis aimed to establish new perspectives about the link between the antioxidant status, the aging process and the cancer process, considering essentially the role played by mitochondria. A major part of our studies was devoted to evaluate nutritional strategies to prevent aging and cancer. Our objectives were to study the effects of calorie restriction or alternate feeding, selenium supplementation, that all proved striking efficacy, in contrast with the lack of effect of DHEA sulfate supplementation. A number of correlation studies between aging, longevity and various parameters of oxidative stress were evaluated: link between memory and antioxidant enzymes in brain and hippocampus, link between longevity and urinary level of 8-oxo-dGuo, the later appearing as highly significant. We concluded the thesis by the analysis of the correlation between the antioxidative defense system and the insect longevity
Bouchard, Martel Joanie. "Caractérisation des cellules interstitielles des quatre différentes valves cardiaques chez le porc." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25315/25315.pdf.
Full textGagnon, Nicolas. "Amélioration de la culture des cellules cornéennes endothéliales porcines." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19494.
Full textAshton-Chess, Joanna. "Modèles de xéno et d'allo - transplantations chez le babouin." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT03VS.
Full textThe aim of this PhD was to explore the most innovative strategies in the field of transplantation: xenotransplantation (Xt) and tolerance induction in allotransplantation (At), in the non human primate, a relevant preclinical model. The objective of the Xt part was to explore the various immunological mechanisms involved in the acute humoral xenograft rejection of porcine organs transgenic for human complement regulatory molecules (hCRM) by baboons. In our studies acute humoral xenograft rejection appeared to be similar to hyperacute rejection, albeit delayed in time and less aggressive, involving intragraft IgM deposition and complement activation through to the terminal membrane attack complex, even in the case of hCRM-transgenic organs. Rejection was also associated with an innate type response to the xenograft manifest as an cellular infiltrate creating a proinflammatory and cytotoxic environment, which, in some cases, was susceptible to immunosuppression. Surprisingly, survival was not prolonged by a single pretransplant immunoadsorption or by specific B cell-targeted immunosuppression with Mitoxanotrone, a novel agent in xenotransplantation. These issues will now need to be investigated in the case of the recently developed pigs negative for the Gal antigen, the initiator of this so far insurmountable humoral response. The objective of the At part was to explore different ways of inducing transplantation tolerance in the baboon based on strategies already established in vitro and in rodents, namely costimulation blockade and dendritic cells (DC). We firstly tested costimulation blockade alone and in combination with the potentially tolerance facilitating immunosuppressor, Rapamycin, and found this to be immunosuppressive only. This approach will now have to be supplemented with other immunological manoeuvres in order for tolerance to be achieved. We also extensively characterised baboon DC for the first time, derived in vitro from bone marrow and peripheral blood precursors. Further in vitro studies are now necessary to check the tolerance inducing capacity of these DC before they can be used as part of a protocol in vivo in the baboon, either alone, or in combination with costimulation blockade or immunosuppression
Plé, Coline. "Rôle des cellules Natural Killer dans l'asthme allergique." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473006.
Full textMorisot, Sebastien. "Détermination of the frequency of leukemia stem cells in childhood precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T022.
Full textMorosan, Serban-Zaharia. "Développement de modèles animaux pour l'étude des agents infectieux hépatotropes viraux." Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0509.
Full textHuman hepatocytes are essential for medical research, however are in very limited supply. Il has been recently reported that immunodeficient mice can be engrafted with human hepatocytes that remain susceptible to some extent to HBV and HCV. We combined these finding with previous indication that depletion of non-adaptative defences was critical to the survival of heterologous grafts. In Alb-upA/SCID mouse, the depletion of macrophages and NK cells dramatically improved the survival of human hepatocytes. The differentiation status of transplanted human hepatocytes was further confirmed by their receptivity to Plasmodium falciparum liver stages development for which no permissive cell line exist. In the present study, we have shown that primary human and rat hepatocytes can be efficiently transduced with a FLAP lentiviral vector without the need for plating and culture. Moreover, transplanted into Alb-uPA/SCID mouse liver, lentivirally transduced primary human hepatocytes extensively repopulated their liver and maintained a differentiated and functional phenotype as assessed by stable detection of human albumin an antitrypsin in the serum of the serum of the animals for months. This work therefore opens new perspectives for the development of human clinical trials based on liver-directed ex vivo gene therapy. Hélène Strick and al. Show that bipotential mouse embryonic liver (BMEL) cell lines are bipotential and differentiate into both hepatocyte and bile ducts. In this study we show that BMEL stem cell lines participate in liver regeneration in Alb-uPA/SCID transgenic mice. In the liver, the BMEL cells proliferate and differentiate into hepatocytes and bile ducts. This is the first report that immortalized stem cell lines not only are competent to participate in the repair of a damaged tissue, but that they can differentiate into two major epithelial cell types of a complex organ, hepatocytes and bile ducts. Once obsorbed, a drug under goes a collection of complex mechanisms of transformation, resulting in its elimination. Among the enzymatic system involved in the detoxification, the cytochromes P450 are, in most cases, responsible of the metabolism of drugs in the liver. In this study, we show that the livers of the Alb-uPA/SCID mice (transplanted with human hepatocytes) expressed a lot of Cytochromes P450 involved in the metabolism of drugs
Mekary-Sawaya, Souha. "Synthèse de quelques analogues du naftidrofuryl : premiers résultats sur les taux de mortalité de la gerbille après une ischémie cérébrale." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114815.
Full textCuffley, Kristine. "Développement par génie tissulaire d'un modèle d'étude in vitro des voies de signalisation des cellules souches du follicule pileux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23211/23211.pdf.
Full textHilber, Pascal. "Conséquences d'une neurodégénérescence précoce du cortex cérébelleux sur le vieillissement chez la souris : utilisation d'un mutant neurologique, la souris Lurcher." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES004.
Full textBarrette, Benoit. "Facteurs cellulaires et moléculaires influençant la régénération axonale dans les systèmes nerveux central et périphérique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20332.
Full textLes réponses cellulaires et moléculaires qui sont mises en place après une lésion de la moelle épinière et des nerfs périphériques diffèrent. Les processus de réparation qui veillent à rétablir l’intégrité tissulaire favorisent la régénération axonale seulement dans le système nerveux périphérique (SNP) lésé. Des inhibiteurs associés aux débris de myéline exerceraient un blocage de la repousse axonale dans le système nerveux central (SNC) lésé. L’objectif de cette étude visait, dans un premier temps, à répertorier et à mesurer l’expression génique des récepteurs connus de ces inhibiteurs dans toutes les régions encéphaliques de la souris avant et à la suite d’une contusion de la moelle épinère. Les résultats démontrent que les expressions des récepteurs NGR1, NGR2 et LINGO-1 sont les plus importantes et disséminées dans tout le cerveau. L’expression du co-récepteur p75NTR est plus restreinte, mais détectable dans certaines voies surpra-spinales, tandis que l’expression de TROY est presque inexistante. L’expression de ces récepteurs ne varie pas suivant un traumatisme de la moelle épinière au niveau thoracique. À l’opposé, les débris de myéline sont rapidement neutralisés par les cellules immunitaires dans le SNP lésé, ouvrant la voie à la régénération axonale. Pour évaluer la corrélation possible entre la régénération axonale et le recrutement des cellules immunitaires, nous avons étudié la repousse des axones du nerf sciatique chez la souris transgénique CD11b-TKmt-30 dans laquelle des traitements au ganciclovir entraînent la mort des cellules myéloïdes, normalement recrutées au site de lésion et dans le segment nerveux distal. Les résultats indiquent qu’en diminuant l’apport en cellules immunitaires myéloïdes (CD11b+), le rétablissement des fonctions sensori-motrices est compromis et associé à une absence de régénération axonale, une accumulation des débris de myéline, une déprivation en neurotrophines et à une déstablilisation de la vasculature et/ou une inhibition de l’angiogénèse. Ainsi, les cellules immunitaires (CD11b+) sont requises pour supporter la régénération axonale par de multiples mécanismes. En contrepartie, les cellules immunitaires ont un accès restreint au SNC ce qui abrogerait la régénération des voies supra-spinales lésées par l’action des inhibiteurs associés à la myéline reconnaissant leur récepteur à la surface des cônes de à croisssance.
The cellular and molecular responses that are activated after spinal cord and peripheral nerve injuries are quite distinct. These processes help restore tissue integrity and facilitate axonal regeneration in the injured peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the injured central nervous system (CNS), axonal regrowth is believed to be prevented by several myelin-associated inhibitors. The goal of this study is to examine and measure mRNA expression for the most studied myelin-associated inhibitors in the brain before and after a spinal cord contusion. Results show that NGR1, NGR2 and LINGO-1 are widely expressed throughout the mouse brain. In contrast, the co-receptor p75NTR is more specifically expressed in neuronal descending pathways from the brainstem, whereas TROY mRNA expression is absent. Notably, expression for these receptors was not modulated after trauma. Because myelin debris are efficiently cleared by immune cells after PNS lesion, axonal regeneration can proceed. To prove the link between axonal regeneration and the recruitment of immune cells, we have studied sciatic nerve regeneration in the CD11b-TKmt-30 transgenic mouse model in which the recruitment of myeloid cells is severely impeded by ganciclovir treatments. Results demonstrate that depletion of myeloid CD11b+ cells leads to severe deficits in recovery of sensory-motor functions that are associated with axonal regeneration failure, myelin debris accumulation, decrease of neurotrophin expression, and vascular destabilization and/or angiogenesis inhibition. Thus, CD11b+ myeloid cells are required to stimulate axonal regeneration via multiple mechanims. These results also suggest that the limited access of immune cells in the injured CNS could be, at least partly, responsible for the lack of regeneration of central axons.
Adenot-Lasnier, Elisabeth. "Etude des mécanismes impliqués dans la survenue des lésions hépatiques d'hypoxie-réoxygénation : interactions entre polynucléaires neutrophiles et cellules endothéliales sinusoi͏̈dales de rat." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05P621.
Full textPolymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) have been implicated in the development of hepatic hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential toxic effect of PMNs towards sinusoidal endothelial cells. (SECs). Hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) of PMNs induced an increase in their oxidative metabolism. Rat SECs were incubated either with PMNs in coculture or with their conditioned medium. PMN-conditioned medium, but not PMNs themselses, induced a cytotoxic effect on SECs, which was increased following PMN treatment with an activator of degranulation, but not by HR treatment. Cytotoxic effect of PMN-conditioned medium was not modified irrespective of whether SECs were activated by HR or by TNFα. The cytotoxic effect of PMN-conditioned medium was not mediated by elastase. The study of SECs proteome has shown a higher expression of the cysteine dioxygenase when they were exposed to HR or to PMN-conditioned medium
Tyre, Madeline. "Répression de l'expression du gène Insl3 par les estrogènes dans les cellules de Leydig." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29813/29813.pdf.
Full textLouvet, Cédric. "Identification et étude de nouveaux médiateurs du rejet et de l'induction de tolérance dans un modèle d'allogreffe chez le rat." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT26VS.
Full textUnderstanding of immune mechanisms leading to allograft rejection or tolerance is essential to improve organ transplantation in human, with the aim to avoid immunosuppressive treatments. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the study of the role of a new TNF family member, TRANCE, in allograft rejection in the rat. We show that the TRANCE-RANK pathway participates in acute rejection processes as well as in the development of CD40L-independent chronic rejection. The second part, representing the main objective of this thesis, consists in isolating genes specifically expressed in cardiac allografts in a rat model of tolerance induction by donor-specific blood transfusions (DST). We have set up a methodology of gene searching using suppressive subtractive hybridization and real-time quantitative PCR. We show that the chemokine Fractalkine and its receptor CX3CR1 are strongly expressed in tolerated grafts, and that host CD8+ cells, which are required for tolerance, control this induction. Moreover, we have identified a molecule of unknown function which we named TORID (TOlerance-Related and InduceD transcript). We show that TORID belongs to the CD20 family and is localized at the nuclear envelope of dendritic cells and macrophages. TORID expression is associated with the inactivation state of these cells. Taken together, these results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms governing rejection or tolerance induction in this model
Despoix, Nicolas]. "Contribution à l'étude des fonctions de la molécule d'adhérence endothéliale CD146." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22083.pdf.
Full textIncreasing knowledge of CD146 functions has been the aim of my PhD. To address this issue, a CD146 knock-out mice was generated, one ligand was identified and a new differential expression of CD146 on leukocyte between human and mice was demonstrated. KO mice are viable and fertile. Involvement of CD146 during the vascular development, the leukocyte transmigration and metastatic ability of tumor cells are actually in process. Looking for a ligand of the mucin CD146/ MUC18, I showed that galectin-1 is able to interact directly with the extracellular part of CD146. This interaction is dependant of CD146’s sugar ramifications and the KD is 3. 10-7 M. In vivo, this interaction only occurs in inflammatory conditions on non-confluent endothelial cells and seems to be implicated in endothelial cell survival. Conversely to human NK cells, the generation of a new set of monoclonal anibody allowed us to prove that mouse NK cells do express CD146. Indeed this expression increases during NK cell maturation and is restricted to NK cells among mouse lymphocytes
Kieffer, Pascal. "Calcification de la paroi artérielle : modèles, conséquences et mécanismes." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN12011.
Full textLauzon-Joset, Jean-François. "Caractérisation des cellules épithéliales bronchiques murines dans un modèle asthmatique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21887.
Full textSaint, Mezard Pierre. "Physiopathologie de l'inflammation cutanée : apports des modèles expérimentaux et rôle du stress psychologique." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T189.
Full textBengone-Ndong, Toussaint. "Contribution à l'étude des conséquences du gavage de canards sur le devenir des xénobiotiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT005A.
Full textFresquet, Nadine. "Analyse expérimentale des effets du vieillissement sur les capacités d'apprentissage et de mémoire à court terme chez la drosophile (Drosophila melanogaster)." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30131.
Full textBenahmed, Fairouz. "Régulation de l'expression du gène homéotique Cdx2 au cours du développement et dans les cellules cancéreuses coliques humaines." Strasbourg 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13124.
Full textThe Cdx2 homeobox gene plays crucial roles during embryonic development. In addition, its intestine-specific expression at the adult stage is altered in colorectal cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of Cdx2 expression in vivo during development and in colon cancers cells. The pattern of the LacZ reporter gene under the control of different lengths of the murine Cdx2 promoter was investigated in transgenic mice. This led to identify a regulatory element required for specific persistence of Cdx2 in the gut throughout life. The expression of Cdx2 was analyzed in human colon cancer cells grafted in nude mice. It came out that the level of Cdx2 was dependent on the microenvironment at the site of implantation. This study identified important regulatory elements involved in the intestinal expression of Cdx2 and in its deregulation in colon cancer cells
Virgili, Jessica. "Caractérisation d'un modèle murin transgénique de la maladie d'Alzheimer et de vieillissement accéléré." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29574.
Full textAging is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia during the elderly. The incidence of sporadic AD is low before 65 years old; it then doubles every 5 to 6 years to surpass 8 cases per 100 personyears after 85. To model AD, numerous transgenic mice have been produced and characterized in the last decades. It was found that mice overexpressing mutated forms of the human amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein (hAPP) develop Aβ deposits in their brain, along with quantifiable memory deficits. Since the diagnosis of AD is dependent upon the histological visualization of both Aβ plaques and tau-laden neurofibrillary tangles, Dr LaFerla’s group (University of California, Irvine, USA) has developed the triple-transgenic model (3xTg-AD) expressing three mutant transgenes: Aβ precursor protein (APPSwe), presenilin-1 (PS1M146V), and tauP301L. This mouse line progressively develops both Aβ and tau pathologies in AD-relevant brain regions as well as deficits in synaptic plasticity and cognitive performance. However, the 3xTg-AD mouse does not develop frank neuronal loss as found in AD brain. A likely simple explanation is that, within the lifespan of a mouse, AD-relevant aging factors do not have the time to be fully expressed. To that aim, we crossed senescence-accelerated prone 8 mice (SAMP8) with 3xTgAD mice to produce senescence-accelerated 3xTg-AD mice with the hope to generate a model closer to the human disease. Our results indicate that senescence acceleration amplifies memory deficits and several AD-related neuropathological features -particularly the amyloid pathology- in female 3xTg-AD mice. Overall, the present data suggest that the SAMP8/3xTg-AD mouse is a valuable model combining aging factors and AD neuropathology, but also evidence complex interactions between genetic backgrounds, aging- and sex-related factors.
Barros, Vidal Luis. "Evaluation non-invasive des cytolyses hépatiques chez le mouton." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT004A.
Full textMarquet, Florian. "Les cellules dendritiques cutanées chez le porc : caractérisations phénotypique, fonctionnelles et transcriptionnelles." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0034.
Full textThe study and characterization of dendritic cells (DCs) subpopulations is a priority with the aim of creating new vaccine strategies. The majority of the current researches is done on mouse model in which three populations are studied in the context of vaccinal targeting vaccine: CD103pos DCs, CD11bhigh DCs and peripheric inflammatory DCs. CD103pos DCs are specialized in the capture of apoptotic bodies, in cross-presentation and are capable of inducing a cytotoxic response. CD11bhigh DCs will generate via the activation of T cells, the differenciation of B cells into plasma cells secreting antibodies. A population of CD209pos DCs recruited at the injection site of an adjuvant, and in draining lymph nodes, can also induce cytotoxic responses. These characteristics make these three subpopulations good target candidates for vaccination. The technique of lymphatic catheterism, associated with skin extraction protocoles allowed us to explore phenotypically, functionally and transcriptimally skin DCs and there migratory counterparts in pigs. Here, We describe the porcine equivalents of humans and mice skin DCs, in order to use pig skin as a model of human skin through skin immunization. We have shown, at steady state, in conventional pigs, a population of epidermal DCs, Langerhans cells (LC), and four populations of dermic DCs are present, CD172aneg DCs, CD163high DCs, CD163low DCs and LC migrating to the lymph node. We also identified migrant counterparts in the pseudo afferent lymph. The CD172aneg DCs population engulfes apoptotic bodies, it is XCR1pos CADM1pos, like the mouse CD103pos DCs. CD163high DCs present a phenotype and mobilization and migration capacities similar to murine and human inflammatory DCs. The fact that they express CSFR1 is in agreement with a monocytic origin, as described for murine and human inflammatory DCs. The population of CD163low DCs could be equivalent to the murine CD11bpos DCs. During epidermal inflammation, inflammatory DCs are detected in the epidermis and appear to be phenotypically equivalent to the IDEC involved in human atopic dermatitis. This work contributes to demonstrate that the functional organization of skin DCs is conserved between mammalian species such as humans, mice and pigs
Kodjo, Magloire K. "Contribution à l'étude du mécanisme d'action des tachykinines dans la régulation de la stéroïdogénèse surrénalienne chez les amphibiens." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES048.
Full textCharbonnier, Louis-Marie. "Approche thérapeutique par utilisation de cellules dendritiques tolérogènes et de T régulateurs CD49b+ dans un modèle murin d'arthrite induite au collagène." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T001.
Full textLejeune, Hervé. "Régulations endocrines, paracrines et autocrines des cellules de Leydig : des modèles animaux au testicule humain, étude in vitro." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1H114.
Full textRoux, Nicolas. "Implication des cellules progénitrices dans la prévention du rejet vasculaire sur in modèle murin de greffe aortique." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUENR11.
Full textVascular rejection after organ transplantation is characterized by an arterial occlusive lesion, resulting from intimal proliferation occurring in response to arterial wall immune aggression. We think that an early endothelial repair may prevent vascular graft rejection. The aim of this work was to compare different pharmacologic endothelial progenitor cell mobilizing treatments for their protective effects against vascular rejection. Aortic transplants were made from balb/c donor to C57B1/6 recipient mice. Three treatments were used: low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF), simvastatin, and AMD3100. The circulating levels of progenitor cells were found to be increased by all three treatments, as determined by flow cytometry. We found by Morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses, that the three treatments significantly reduced intimal proliferation, compared with nontreated allografts. This was associated with intimal re-endothelialization of the grafts. Further, in chimeric mice that had previously received GFP-transgenic bone marrow transplantation, GFP-positive cells were found in the vascular allograft intima, indicating that re-endothelialization was, at least partly, due to the recruitment of bone marrow-derived, presumably endothelial progenitor circulating cells. Bone marrow derived progenitor cells mobilized by the three treatments may play a direct role in the endothelial repair process and in the suppression of intimal proliferation. In order to use a direct cell therapy, we have to know precised dates for injection of progenitor cells. We mesured kinetic expression of three cytokines (SDF-1, MCP-1, VEGF) implicated in mobilization, homing and differentiation of progenitor cells during vascular aggression. The same model was used. Cytokine rates were measured in blood and in graft tissue by an ELISA technique. The results prompt us to consider cell therapy at DO and D 12 in this mouse model of aortic graft
Urani, Alexandre. "Effets des agonistes du récepteur [sigma]1 (sigma1) dans un modèle animal de dépression. Interaction avec les neurostéroi͏̈des." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20220.
Full textWang, Jing. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la dégénérescence des cellules sensorielles de la cochlée après cisplatine et traumatisme sonore : mise au point des stratégies pharmacologiques locales." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON1T022.
Full textAudet, Caroline. "Optimisation des conditions de culture des cellules endothéliales cornéennes félines pour la reconstruction d'un endothélium cornéen autologue." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27172/27172.pdf.
Full textTeixeira, Renata Cunha. "Modèles in vitro et in vivo de leucémies aiguës humaines avec les gènes de fusion de MLL." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25471.
Full textMLL fusion genes may generate three different types of acute leukemia (B-ALL, AML and T-ALL). Purified human cord blood cells by negative selection technique (Lin-CB) and having CD34+ > 70% were transduced by control retrovirus expressing the EGFP or other retrovirus expressing an MLL fusion gene and the EGFP, and then injected into the immune-deficient NSG mouse femur to test the leukemogenic potential. After 20 weeks, the mice were sacrificed and organs were analysed by FACS. MLL-ENL exclusively produced B-ALL, MLL-ELL B-ALL and AML, and MLL-AF9 B-ALL and mixed. It seems that some MLL partner genes may play an important role in phenotype, and the murine microenvironment of our in vivo model may promote the B-ALL phenotype. This study may help understand the instructive role of MLL-ENL, MLL-ELL and MLL-AF9 fusion genes in leukemic phenotype and their ability to induce the transformation of normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells into leukemic cells.
Mokondjimobe, Etienne. "Hexosaminidase (HEX) et phosphatase alcaline (PAL) du cartilage articulaire de lapin et des chondrocytes en culture ; modifications au cours du vieillissement et de l'arthrose (modèles in-vivo et in-vitro)." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P607.
Full textLarouche, Joël. "Isolement, expansion et caractérisation des cellules souches dérivées du muscle de souris." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23871/23871.pdf.
Full textFornasari, Benoît. "Les cellules souches dérivées du muscle (MDSC) : isolement dans deux modèles gros animaux et évaluation comme candidates à la thérapie de la Dystrophie Musculaire de Duchenne (DMD)." Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=3d5cd2fe-7068-4cd9-8e37-7618e6017684.
Full textTherapeutic approaches for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy by myoblast transplantation have been hindered by poor survival rates and the limited spread of the injected cells. Stem cell identification in adult tissues and the definition of their myogenic potential have open new prospects. First, we used the muscle-derived cell’s adhesion properties in an avian model to isolate progenitor cells residing in skeletal muscle and that are distinct from myoblasts: the LAC (Late-Adherent Cells). Using the preplating technique, we showed that a marginal cell fraction displays an initial adhesion defect to collagen matrix and that it is composed of cells poorly committed in myogenic program and immature progenitor cells, as this has been previously described in mice model. Also, we demonstrated that this defect could not be attributed to the methodological approach and that the LAC are not generated in vitro by myoblasts. Second, we showed in canine model that the LAC are characterized by an initial quiescent status, a high in vitro proliferation rate as well as a low fusion ability, a phenotype and a multi-lineage differentiation potential that defined them as muscle stem cells: the MDSC (Muscle Derived Stem Cells). After intramuscular injection in dystrophic GRMD (Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy) dogs that represent clinically relevant animal model for DMD, we established that MDSC are able to participate in muscle fiber formation, to allow recovery of dystrophin expression and to generate satellite cells. Collectively, these results qualify MDSC as potential candidates for future cell therapy for DMD
Delort, Florence. "Utilisation de modèles cellulaires et animaux dans l’étude des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans les desminopathies." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC051.
Full textDesminopathies, belonging to the myofibrillar myopathies (MFM), are due to mutations in the DES gene, encoding desmin protein. It is an intermediate filament protein, essential for structural and functional alignment plus anchorage of myofibrils as well as the positioning of cell organelles and notably signaling events. Moreover among seventy mutations of DES gene, some can produce different phenotypes within a family, suggesting that environmental factors influence disease states. Beside this, patient muscle proteins show oxidative features and support a link between oxidative stress, protein aggregation and abnormal protein deposition in MFM. To improve our understanding of desminopathies, we have developed skeletal muscle cell models to observe desmin behavior upon formation of intra-cytoplasmic aggregates, in an isogenic context. These cells express human desmin carrying Wild Type or pathological mutations. We have already demonstrated that only the D399Y substitution localized in the desmin 2B domain presents an aggregative answer induced by oxidative stress, two other mutations in the head and the tail of the protein do not. Furthermore, a pretreatment with NAC but also with pro-autophagic molecules prevents this aggregation. In the continuity of this work, I thus studied the cellular phenotype of lineages expressing other mutations of the domain 2B. So, I showed that in answer to stress DesQ389P and DesD399Y share a common aggregative character without common structural modification. DesR406W also exhibits aggregates, but smaller and more spread in the cytoplasm. Of more this aggregation is also avoided by pretreatment with NAC for these three cell lines. In contrast, there is no stress inducible aggregation in DesA357P. Besides, the analysis of the redox intra-cytoplasmic contents as well as desmin posttranslational modifications in our cell models present variability for each mutation which can be corrected by the NAC. To analyze NAC anti-aggregative capacity in vivo, animal models were also built. So the surexpression of the desmin D399Y leads to similar physiopathological characteristics to those observed in patients. In conclusion, our results confirm that each mutation leads to its own pathological molecular mechanisms and it will be important to integrate these specific mutant behaviors to consider future treatment
Laplante-Campbell, Marie-Pier, and Marie-Pier Laplante-Campbell. "Caractérisation de modèles murins de la maladie de Parkinson (MPTP, PITX3) et modification des cellules souches hématopoïétiques pour stimuler la production du " Brain-derived neurotrophic factor " (BDNF)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20555.
Full textLa maladie de Parkinson est une maladie neurodégénérative caractérisée par des dysfonctions locomotrices causées, en grande partie, par la perte de neurones dopaminergiques de la substance noire. Les patients atteints de la maladie de Parkinson présentent un déficit en « brain-derived neurotrophic factors » (BDNF). Cette neurotrophine est nécessaire pour le développement, le maintien et la survie des neurones dopaminergiques. Nous avons utilisé la capacité naturelle des cellules souches hématopoïétiques à infiltrer les régions lésées du cerveau pour libérer ce facteur neurotrophique. Nous avons démontré que la modification des cellules de la moelle osseuse pour favoriser la production du BDNF permet d’améliorer les déficits locomoteurs des souris parkinsoniennes. De plus, la modification des cellules hématopoïétiques permet d’augmenter les niveaux de BDNF dans la substance noire, le cortex et le thalamus. La surproduction de BDNF permet également de stimuler la production de la dopamine au niveau de la substance noire.
Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by locomotor dysfunctions. These motor symptoms are due to a severe loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Parkinson’s patients also have a deficit in the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This neurotrophin plays an important role in the development, survival and neurotransmission of dopaminergic neurons. Considering that hematopoietic stem cells can infiltrate damaged brain regions, we have modified these cells to deliver the neurotrophic factor in Parkinson’s disease mouse models. We have demonstrated that modification of bone marrow cells attenuates the locomotor dysfonctions in Parkinson’s mice. In addition, overproduction of BDNF by hematopoietic cells increases BDNF levels in the substantia nigra, cortex and thalamus. Overproduction of BDNF also stimulates biosynthesis of dopamine in the substantia nigra.
Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by locomotor dysfunctions. These motor symptoms are due to a severe loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Parkinson’s patients also have a deficit in the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This neurotrophin plays an important role in the development, survival and neurotransmission of dopaminergic neurons. Considering that hematopoietic stem cells can infiltrate damaged brain regions, we have modified these cells to deliver the neurotrophic factor in Parkinson’s disease mouse models. We have demonstrated that modification of bone marrow cells attenuates the locomotor dysfonctions in Parkinson’s mice. In addition, overproduction of BDNF by hematopoietic cells increases BDNF levels in the substantia nigra, cortex and thalamus. Overproduction of BDNF also stimulates biosynthesis of dopamine in the substantia nigra.
Thibault, Nancy. "Etude du mécanisme d'action des agents cholestatiques à l'aide du modèle du doublet d'hépatocytes de rat isolé." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P601.
Full textMilligan, Laura. "Régulation et fonction d'un ARN non traduit transcrit d'un gène soumis à empreinte génomique parentale : l'ARN H19." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20186.
Full textChesné, Julie. "Rôle de l'IL-17A dans un modèle d'asthme allergique aux acariens." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=b27c20f9-2191-4090-878b-b0b7491c0ba8.
Full textAsthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease defined by multiple inflammatory and clinical phenotypes. In this thesis, we highlighted the involvement of the T helper 17 (TH17) response in two major components of asthma: bronchial contraction and pulmonary inflammation. At first, we characterized our HDM-induced murine asthma model based on the functional and inflammatory criteria. The mode of allergic sensitization by skin and respiratory tract is important in the induction of a mixed inflammatory phenotype. The "asthmatic" mice exhibits an impaired lung function and a significant inflammatory infiltrate in neutrophils and eosinophils. This correlates with strong IL-13, IL-4, IL-17A-mediated TH2 and TH17 responses. Next, we investigated the individual role of IL-17A and IL-13 in our model. We find that IL-17A but not IL-13 is responsible for neutrophil infiltration and bronchial hyperreactivity. Although neutrophils have an important role in the contractile response, our results have shown a direct role of the IL-17A on the smooth muscle. This regulatory mechanism induced by IL-17 is dependent on the activity of a small G protein, called Rac1. Our results describe a major role of IL-17A in asthma with a mixed inflammation. Neutralization of this cytokine decreases the lung inflammation but also bronchial contraction. IL-17A is a potential therapeutic target in severe asthma
Jivkov, Ivo. "La chaîne de laminine α1 dans la différenciation cellulaire et son rôle activateur dans la tumorigenèse intestinale." Strasbourg 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13113.
Full textFournel, Corinne. "Caractérisation morphologique et immunophénotypique des cellules lymphoïdes du ganglion lymphatique du chien : application à l'étude des lymphomes malins non-hodgkiniens canins." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T074.
Full textManassero, Mathieu. "Modélisation animale appliquée à l'évaluation de produits d'ingénierie tissulaire osseuse : étude de la contribution de modèles animaux ectopiques et orthotopiques." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077118.
Full textBone tissue engineering with stem cell is an appealing and promising approach to overcome the drawbacks of autografts whose boundaries are well identified for treatment of massive bone defects. However, results remain inconsistent. The aims of this work were to (I) evaluate a bone tissue engineering product based on a natural resorbable scaffold and mesenchymal stem cell in both ectopic and orthotopic, large and small animal models specifically in a new preclinical, segmental critical size bone defect in mice and (II) assess advantages and disadvantages of these different animal models. The results of the present work demonstrated that the association of a natural, resorbable, coral scaffold and with mesenchymal stem cells, could, in optimal conditions, allows to envision bone regeneration despit an early and massive cells death after implantation. These data outlined that the prime effect of cells, in such condition, is more their trophic role than their intrinsic osteogenic one. As part of the refinement of animal models, ectopic models are appropriate models for testing different biomaterials and survival of cells seeded on them. In other hand, bone formation, representing the functionality of these products, can only be assess in a clinically relevant orthotopic animal model. In the armamentarium of bone tissue engineering, the development of the murine critical size bone defect is an interesting tool to evaluate both cell survival and functionality of tissue engineering products
Mrugala, Dominique. "Cellules souches mésenchymateuses et ingénierie du cartilage : identification de facteurs chrondrogéniques et développement d'un modèle pré-clinique de réparation du cartilage chez l'ovin." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T026.
Full textDesangle, Valérie. "Recherche d'un phénomène d'induction des cytochromes P450 par un xénobiotique : utilisation d'hépatocytes de rat adulte en culture primaire." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P181.
Full textBenoit, de Coignac Amélie. "Clonage et caractérisation de nouvelles métalloprotéases matricielles." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20183.
Full textChauvineau, Grenier Angélique. "Identification des effecteurs de l'immunosurveillance au cours de la leucémie myéloïde chronique : du patient à la modélisation chez l'animal." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT1402.
Full textGandillet, Arnaud. "Evaluation de la cinétique de régénération hépatique et de l'efficacité de transplantation d"hépatocytes dans différents modèles murins d'insuffisance hépatique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/GANDILLET_Arnaud_2004.pdf.
Full textGuyot, Christelle. "Caractérisation et activation des différentes cellules fibrogéniques hépatiques : utilisation du modèle "tranche de foie" en culture." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21344.
Full textHepatic fibrosis results from excessive extracellular matrix deposition by activated fibrogenic cells deriving from precursor cells, hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and portal fibroblasts (PF) which acquire a myofibroblastic phenotype. We have developed an organotypic model of precision cut liver slice (PCLS) culture in which cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions are maintained. We studied the effect of bile acids on PCLS and we shown that individual bile acids induce specific effects on activation, proliferation and apoptosis of hepatic cells. We studied fibrotic tissue remodeling in PCLS, and our data showed that fibrogenic cells behave differently in cultured PCLS depending on the fibrogenic cell type involved : HSC or PF. Finally, studying the expression of smoothelin, we showed that smooth muscle cells may also acquire a myofibroblastic phenotype and participate in fibrotic lesions. These data strengthen the concept of liver fibrogenic cell heterogeneity participating in fibrotic lesions