Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellules végétales – Cultures cellulaires'
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Paisarnrat, Somchart. "Métabolisation des alcools monoterpéniques par des cellules de raisin Muscat cultivées " in vitro "." Toulouse, INPT, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985INPT019A.
Full textGuyon, Jean-Baptiste. "Développement technologique et bioproduction d’actifs pour la cosmétique à l'aide de cultures cellulaires végétales indifférenciées." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0300.
Full textThe first plant cell culture has been developed by Gautheret in 1939 based on carrot plant cell tissus. He obtained these results through the discovery of the plant totipotency power (Haberland, 1902). He used for cal production a culture medium composed by macroelements (K, N, P…) and microelements (Mg, B …), vitamin, sugar. Later on, several mediums were used like and described in literature i.e. Murashige and Skoog (1962), White (1934) or Gamborg, Miller and Ojima (1970). The differences between such medium consisted mainly concentrations especially of phosphates, nitrates or auxin/cytokinine balance. However, each species needs specific medium for growth. Any people works of this subject and the interest for pharmaceutical and cosmetical industry grow up. Plant cell culture is a difficult technology an industrial use. Recently, two companies performed industrial production of taxol (Taxus baccata) and shikonin (Lithospernum erythrorizon) respectively PhytonBitotech and Mitsui petrochemical. My thesis work was to develop plant cell cultures fom unusual plants which can be used for the industrial production of cosmetics
Decendit, Alain. "Stimulation par les cytokinines de la production d'alcaloïdes indoliques dans des suspensions cellulaires de Catharanthus roseus (L. ) G. Don : modalités et sites d'action." Tours, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOUR3801.
Full textDonnez, David. "Etude de la bioproduction des stilbènes dans les suspensions cellulaires de Vitis 41B : élicitation et mécanismes de l’induction de la biosynthèse." Reims, 2010. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/sciences/2010REIMS028.pdf.
Full textStilbenes are phenolic compounds produced by different plant species. The most well known stilbene is the trans-resveratrol (trans-3-5-4’ trihydroxystilbene) which acts as a phytoalexine on grapevine. Its discovery inside red wine led to enlighten its biological activities on human health. So the resveratrol became an interesting and hopeful molecule in medicine and also for understanding grapevine defenses but the biosynthetic mechanisms of this compound stayed unclear. Along this work, we used a Vitis 41B cell suspensions obtained from calli. In a first time, the cell growth kinetic was determined and we evaluated its ability to produced resveratrol. In order to study parameters which led to the resveratrol synthesis, we have tested various inducers and a concentration of 0,2 mM methyljasmonate showed the best induction. A scale-up in a 2-L bioreactor was conducted and led to the purification and identification of viniferins and allowed to obtain a 200 mg/L resveratrol accumulation. These results seem indicate that the viniferin production is linked to the metabolisation of the resveratrol inside the culture medium. The second part of this work focussed on the early synthesis of the resveratrol at the cellular scale. We have used videomicroscopy and confocal microscopy in order to show that the resveratrol synthesis takes place inside the cytosol and that its excretion is localized. Our study clearly showed that the grapevine cell suspension represents a pertinent and powerful system to study the resveratrol biosynthesis and its bioproduction
Fourestey, Marie-Sophie. "Production d'anthocyanes par des cultures cellulaires de vigne in vitro : influence des phytohormones." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P087.
Full textTrémouillaux-Guiller, Jocelyne. "Etude comparative des méthodologies de sélection de cultures cellulaires végétales à haute capacité d'accumulation : application à des souches et lignées clonales biosynthétisant des alcaloides dihydrofuoquinoleiques." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR3804.
Full textSteward, Nicolas. "Physiologie, cinétique et modélisation de cultures de cellules végétales en suspension : comparaison de cultures discontinues et continues : influences de l'environnement sur l'activité cellulaire." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL026N.
Full textDantas, Barros Ana Maria. "Biotransformation de substrats exogènes d'origine synthétique par des cultures cellulaires végétales de Catharanthus roseus G. Don, Vinca minor L. Et Thevetia neriifolia Juss." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA114836.
Full textLambert, Nadine. "Etude comparative de la biosynthèse de roténoi͏̈des par des suspensions cellulaires hétérotrophes et photomixotrophes de Tephrosia vogelii Hook f : essais d'optimisation de la production." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20082.
Full textFilali, Mohammed. "Effet de l'autotrophie aux substances de croissance sur les profils protéiques et les capacités d'accumulation alcaloïdique dans les suspensions cellulaires de Catharanthus roseus." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR3807.
Full textHabituation is known as a common character of in vitro plant cells. This phenomenon can be considered as a genral tendancy of plant cells to loose their exogenous hormonal requirement. Habituation is often correlated with lack of the synthesis and production of secondary metabolites. In this work we attempted to identify genes which were newly expressed or repressed during the transition from the normal to the habituated state. Our aim was to elucidate some biochemical aspects associated with hormonal autotrophy of plant cells. We compared the protein patterns of a 2,4 D dependant line to those of a 2,4 D independent cell line selected from the previous one. We had two major objectives : detect the polypeptides related to the habituated state ; compare changes in their expression patterns under a defined hormonal treatment, ie cytokinin or auxin supply in the culture medium. In the course of this study, 3 polypeptides with 28, 17 and 16kDa molecular mass were detected. Their synthesis appeared to be correlated with indole alkaloid accumulation in the 2,4 D dependent cell line. On the other hand a 53kDa polypeptide was always expressed at high level in habituated cell line, while a group of 5 polypeptides inluding polypeptide s was either completely lacking or at least not regulated by cytokinins in the habituated cell line. Abundance of th e 53kDa polypeptide and the attenuated expression of the polypeptide s 28kDa can be considered as the main traits of all habituated suspension cell lines of Catharanthus roseus. Differences in protein patterns were more important in membrane extracts. We found that microsomal protein profiles were relatively more differents between the two cell lines with a 16kDa polypeptide m1 expressed intensively in habituated cells. Cytokinins and auxins can modify the expression pattern, and in case of this peculiar regulation, the polypeptide m1 was purified and the corresponding sequence was determined. The oligonucleotides probes constructed from the N-terminal sequence were used for screening a cDNA library from Catharanthus roseus mRNA poly(A). Six specific clones were isolated. Elucidation of m1 gene function could perhaps bring new information about the hormonal autotrophy mechanism in Catharanthus roseus cell lines ?
Chalak, Lamis. "Haplodiploi͏̈sation et cultures cellulaires chez le kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa Cv. Hayward) : caractérisation préliminaire de matériels obtenus." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20278.
Full textCazaux, Edwige. "Isolement et culture des protoplastes d'"Hevea brasiliensis" : facteurs physiologiques et biochimiques impliqués dans la récalcitrance." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20023.
Full textNguyen, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude de la production de psoralène (furocoumarine) par la culture in vitro de plantes du genre psoralea (leguminosae)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL085N.
Full textSchaumann-Gaudinet, Annick. "Perturbation par les ions lithium de caractéristiques ioniques des suspensions cellulaires d'Acer pseudoplatanus L." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES018.
Full textCardin-Bernier, Guillaume. "Observateur pour le suivi en temps réel de cultures cellulaires végétales." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1591.
Full textCartier, Nicole. "Les polysaccharides de la paroi primaire des cellules de Rubus fruticosus cultivées en suspension : intervention des polyosidases endogènes dans leur réarrangement au cours de la croissance." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10058.
Full textDirson, Roselyne. "Prolyl 4-hydroxylase de suspensions cellulaires de soja : caractérisation et relation avec les glycoprotéines pariétales riches en hydroxyproline." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30120.
Full textMignot, Gérard. "Culture de la lignée cellulaire Vero dans des milieux synthétiques et chimiquement définis : application à la culture sur microsupports en biogénérateurs." Dijon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988DIJOS035.
Full textVillemin, Clélia. "Evaluation du potentiel sensibilisant de protéines alimentaires : sélection et caractérisation de tests cellulaires." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1030.
Full textFood allergies are a major public health problem. Before placing a novel food on the market, its allergenic potential must be assessed. Currently, there is no test available to assess the sensitizing potential of new food proteins or functionalized food proteins. We have selected and characterized a cellular model allowing the study of the influence of dietary reference proteins on the phenotype and the characteristics of sensitization key players, dendritic cells. We observe an expression modulation of membrane and soluble markers of these cells following exposure to the reference proteins. The expression analysis of these markers allowed us to differentiate our proteins with low allergenic potentials from those with high allergenic potentials. We also observed that the modification of the sensitizing potential of gliadins, major wheat allergens, after acid or enzymatic hydrolysis is associated with a modification of their interaction with dendritic cells. Our results demonstrate the importance of the intrinsic properties of proteins for their interaction with immune cells and for the induction of an immune response. This study also shows that our cell model could be a relevant model for the study of the allergenic potential of dietary proteins, or could be used in a strategy to evaluate the allergenic potential
Le, Sceller Annie. "Les techniques de culture des cellules de la peau." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR2P121.
Full textDorisse, Pascale. "Contribution à l'étude de la biotransformation de la papaverine par des suspensions cellulaires végétales in vitro : identification et approche de quantification des produits de bioconversion obtenus." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT017A.
Full textJourdin, Sophie. "La culture des tissus végétaux, de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle au XXe siècle." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070061.
Full textThe history of the plant tissue culture in the second half of the XIXe century at the XXe century shows the evolution of many aspects of the evolution of plant biology and physiology, to understand how to control the vegetable parts, their needs and their capacity to survive isolated and in artificial conditions. Beyond an historical work on the development of these cultures - in the United States, in Germany and in France -the thesis is an epistemological study of the evolution of the representation of the theoretical conceptions on the potentialities of the cell and its limits. Moreover, this study insists on the very empirical character of the development of these experimental methods. We emphasize that the cultures are objects of study while being instruments of this research in biology; we study also the very close links with the physiology of the nutrition and the cellular division, implying the question of the vegetable hormones and engaging the concept of cell itself. This history being related to the genetics, biochemistry, cytology, and after the second world war, molecular biology, the study of the cellular cultures is an original problematic for studying the important transformations of contemporary biology
Millecamps, Jean-Luc. "Sélection de chicorées "cichorium intybus l. Var Witloof" résistantes aux sulfonylurées par cultures cellulaires." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10030.
Full textVelzenberger, Elodie. "Validations biologiques et physico-chimiques d'un revêtement cellulosique de boîtes pour cultures cellulaires bioactives." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1784.
Full textSurface properties of biomaterials may influence protein adsorption and the composition of the protein layer may affect the morphology and the functional orientations of adherent cells. In this work, both biological and physico-chemical approaches were combined to characterize an original cellulosic coating (CEL) for cell culture and to better understand the interactions involved between a surface, proteins and finally cells. The aim of this multi-disciplinary project is to correlate surface properties (at the micrometric and at the nanometric scale) with biological activations. Three adherent murine cell lines were chosen (fibroblasts Swiss 3T3, pre-osteoblasts MC-3T3 and melanoma cells B16F10). Liquid-liquid contact angle measurements and AFM enabled to characterize the physico-chemical properties of the cellulosic substratum before and after fibronectin adsorption. The principal results obtained with the cellulosic substratum are summerized below : Cell aggregation; A cellular proliferation inhibition with a blocking in G1-phase; An induction of apoptosis; CEL is hydrophilic and a little amount of fibronectin is adsorbed on the substratum in a conformation which is not appropriate for cell adhesion (bad accessibility to RGD site); Instantaneous affinity negligible of fibronectin for the cellulosic material. This study evidences that CEL is an anti-adhesive biomaterial which gives reproducible and demonstrative results. Moreover, this work underlines the necessity to combine several approaches (ELISA assays, liquid-liquid contact angle measurements, force spectroscopy) to characterize the interaction between a protein and a biomaterial surface under physiological conditions
Pascal, Nadine. "Quelques observations sur les effets d'une carence de fer sur la cellule végétale non chlorophyllienne." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10165.
Full textAgier, Catherine. "Toxicité et cinétique d'absorption de composés azotés protonables chez les cellules végétales cultivées "in vitro"." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114840.
Full textJanocka, Déborah. "Culture in vitro de la Fucale Pelvetia canaliculata : applications à la production de biomasse algale et à la cryoconservation des semences." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2073.
Full textPelvetia canaliculata is a common Phaeophyceae of the French Channel coast. For the time being its industrial exploitation is not possible due to its restricted wild populations it is requiring the elaboration of systems of micropropagation. The production of algal biomass of Pelvetia has been developed from somatic cells (protoplasts, tissue culture) and from natural seeds (zygotes) according to the period of the life cycle. The cryopreservation of zygotes has been also developed allowing to the establishment of a seedstock available throughout the year for macroalgal culture. The composition of an enzyme solution has been determined in order to produce reliably protoplasts from apical regions of the thallus, protoplasts yields reaching 1 x 107 protoplasts per gram of fresh weight. The study of the physicochemical parameters of the protoplast regeneration has led to the synthesis of the cell wall followed by buddings and cell divisions indicating a new start of a morphogenetic program. Tissue culture on solid medium induced buds regeneration from the different regions of the thallus, particularly from subapical explant. The improvement of the protocol has been initiated. The factors involved in the synchronous and massive discharge of gametes of Pelvetia and the production of zygotes have been identified. The sequence of the embryonic development in vitro has been described until the plantlet stage revealing the absence of a zygotic polarity and of a first asymmetric division. A protocol of cryopreservation of zygotes has been established. The viability of the cooled embryos after thawing was about 60% after 28 days of culture and they developed into plantlets
Luque, Alejandro E. "La réplication de l'ADN nucléaire dans la cellule de blé : étude des facteurs réplicatifs et mise en place d'un système viral de réplication végétale." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28637.
Full textRakotomanga-Rasolonjatovo, Vololonirina. "Incidences des traitements pesticides sur les grains de pollen de Tradescantia et de l'orge : Aspects cellulaires et moléculaires." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT019A.
Full textBrasselet-Sicé, Sabrina. "Mise en place de modèles cellulaires pour l'étude de l'absorption des médicaments." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4031.
Full textThe passage of the epithelial barriers constitutes a stage limiting for the absorption of drugs. With the aim of testing in vitro the effectiveness of lipoaminoacids, patented by the company Physica Pharma, as promoters of absorption, I set up at the laboratory two cellular models of epithelial barriers. The first model is a model of intestinal barrier constituted by immortalized human cells, the colon Caco-2 cell line. The second model is a model of nasal epithelial barrier consisting of primary cultures of human nasal epithelial cells available from surgical acts. The permeability of four active drugs was studied on these models. The in vitro studies showed an increase in the permeability of drugs, in the presence of different lipoaminoacids, owing to the opening of the intercellular junctions. From this work, several formulations were selected for preclinical studies on the whole animal. The intestinal model barrier didn’t predict absorption in vivo. Indeed, the in vivo oral absorption studies carried out on the dog could not be correlated with the in vitro results. On the other hand, this work validates an epithelial nasal barrier model for permeability studies of molecules administered by nasal airway, which was validated by in vivo studies in the sheep. Cell cultures gave a qualitative but not a quantitative aspect of the complex events which occur in vivo
Negri, Diana. "Embryogenèse somatique chez l'orge (Hordeum vulgare L. ) : application aux cultures de cellules et de protoplastes." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112300.
Full textL'étude du potentiel de régénération de plantes des cultures de tissus d'orge(Hordeum vulgare L. ) a fait l’objet de la première partie de ce mémoire. L'expérimentation a porté d’une part sur le choix de l'explant (origine développement) et d'autre part sur les conditions de culture (composition du milieu de culture). Des cals présentant un pouvoir élevé de néoformation de plantes ont été obtenus à partir d'embryons immatures. Le potentiel de régénération de plantes dépend du génotype, du milieu de callogénèse ainsi que de la durée de culture in vitro. Une étude histologique à permis de localiser au niveau du scutellum des embryons immatures les centres de prolifération cellulaire et de caractériser le mode de néoformation (embryogenèse somatique et organogenèse). L'étudedes conditions d'établissement de suspensions cellulaires est présentée dans la seconde partie. Les suspensions cellulaires isolées par dissociation et filtration de cals embryogènes se sont révélées non morphogènes. L'utilisation de suspensions cellulaires a permis l'obtention: populations de protoplastes aptes à se diviser. Les conditions isolement de protoplastes influent sur le taux de formation microcolonies. Leur culture a conduit à la formation microcolonies qui se développent jusqu'au stade cal indifférencié. L'utilisation de ces techniques de culture in vitro est discutée dans le cadre des manipulations génétiques telles les transformations dans le contexte des Graminées et notamment, des céréales
Nassra, Merian. "Effets anti-inflammatoires des stilbènes sur des cultures cellulaires de microglies et mécanismes d'action." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR22018/document.
Full textChronic neuro-inflammatory processes observed in many neurodegenerative disorders. Microglia are the main immune cells of the central nervous system. Many studies have been conducted to find molecules with anti-inflammatory properties in the central nervous system. A family of polyphénols, Stilbenoids (resveratrol derivatives), showed anti-inflammatory effects in peripheral and central levels.In this study, we have first evaluated anti-inflammatory effects of 25 stilbenes for their potential to inhibit NO release by LPS-activated BV-2 microglial cells. Ten stilbenes significantly reduced LPS-induced NO production with IC50 ranging from 3.9 ± 0.7 to 23.4 ±1.0 µM. Among these molecules 1 monomer (moracin M) and two tetramers (vitisins A and B) attenuated the expression of iNOS, a responsible enzyme for NO release on transcriptional and translational levels. Then, we have demonstrated that moracin M inhibits ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation of MAPK pathway and Akt phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt pathway, two signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response in activated BV-2 cells. Indeed, the activation of these pathways leads to the production of several inflammatory mediators. We have shown that moracin M significantly inhibits the production of certain mediators such as NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and PGE2. This stilbene reduces the synthesis of mPGES-1 protein (an enzyme involved in the production of PGE2). In conclusion, we suggest that moracine M could be a potential candidate prevents the inflammation which involved in the progress of neurodegenerative diseases
El-Achkar, Pierre. "Etude de la biosynthese des phospholipides a ethanolamine par echange de base dans les cultures des cellules gliales (cultures primaires et lignees cellulaires)." Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13214.
Full textEl-Achkar, Pierre. "Etude de la biosynthèse des phospholipides à éthanolamine par échange de base dans les cultures des cellules gliales cultures primaires et lignées cellulaires /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611146d.
Full textLejeune, Alexandre. "Perception et réactions de défense de la tomate lors de l'infestation par l'Orobanche ramosa." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2132.
Full textAmong crops parasitized by the plant parasite Orobanche ramosa (broomrape), tomato constitutes a useful model to study defense responses. Indeed, expressed sequences databases and large genetic resources are available and could serve for further identification of resistant plants. Expression of known defense genes was studied on tomato M82 susceptible roots in contact with O. Ramosa seedlings. An early induction was reported for several marker genes of the salicylic acid, jasmonate and ethylene pathways, after only few hours of contact. These responses occur before any attachment of the parasite onto roots, which suggests that broomrape seedlings produce molecules allowing their perception by host. Tomato cell suspensions were used and enabled to (i) better characterize defense responses (increase in lipoxygenase activity, no H2O2 production), (ii) confirm the occurrence of elicitor molecules released in the early tomato: broomrape interaction. A gene encoding a wall-associated receptor kinase (LeWAK) was also induced both in roots and in cell suspensions challenged with broomrapes. It could be involved in host cell wall signalling leading to the early perception of the parasite. LeWAk cDNA was cloned and part of its sequence used for heterologous production in E. Coli. To study LeWAK localization and protein level during the interaction, a polyclonal antiserum raised against this produced polypeptide was developped
Mattar, Dominique. "Établissement de cultures cellulaires haploïdes, diploïdes et transformées de ginkgo biloba par diverses stratégies variabilisantes." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR3805.
Full textBen, Seghir Ouafae. "Caractérisation des composés polyphénoliques dans les cultures de suspensions cellulaires de cotylédons de moutarde blanche (Sinapis alba L. )." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL057N.
Full textSchall, Serge. "La Multiplication de l'avocatier, Persea americana Mill. cv Fuerte, par microbouturage in vitro." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376010776.
Full textBerthuy, Ophélie. "Puce à cellules multiplexée pour l'étude de réponses cellulaires parallélisées." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10133/document.
Full textThe work reported in this thesis focuses on the development of a multiplexed cell chip for the study of parallelized cellular responses. The lineage of cells from Prostate cancer LNCaP cells, were used as a study model thanks to their ability to secrete prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and β-2-microglobulin (B2M) in response to induction by hormones such as dihydrotestosterone (DHT). We were able to detect in real time these label-free molecules and their secretion by small populations of adherent LNCaP cells (from 1 to 100 cells) at specified positions on a SPRi biochip. Three different approaches were considered for this biochip. The first was to pattern the gold surface of a SPRi slide to obtain microwells whose bottom reveals the gold surface (cytophilic area) and an outer shell composed of polystyrene (cytophobe) to create an adhesive/non-adhesive surface for cell culture. Antibodies were immobilized in a controlled manner in the microwells using a piezo electric spotter. In this miniaturized system, different cell lines were co-cultured on a surface of 1 cm², paving the way for multiplexing. A small population of cells (1 to 100) was deposited in an automated manner into each microwell. In order to maintain the cells in a hydrated environment during deposition, a biocompatible alginate polymer was used. This method allows the encapsulation of cells in a very small volume (<50 nL). The ability of the hydrogel to maintain the encapsulated cells in a given position on the support led to the design of a second approach for the production of the biochip. In this second approach the surface is not altered and biological compounds (antibodies and cells) are directly deposited in an automated manner on the gold layer. Finally, a last approach was developed by immobilizing the cells on a patterned substrate placed in front of the sensitive layer SPRi. In all three approaches, the kinetics of PSA secretion and secreted B2M could be followed by SPRi
Thierie, Jacques. "Théorie et applications des systèmes polyphasiques dispersés aux cultures cellulaires en chémostat." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211011.
Full textDans l’énorme majorité des cas, lorsque les cellules (procaryotes ou eucaryotes) mises en jeu dans ces systèmes sont en suspension, le formalisme de ces modèles non structurés traite le système comme s’il était homogène. Or, en toute rigueur, il est clair que cette approche n’est qu’une approximation et que nous avons à faire à des phénomènes hétérogènes, formés de plusieurs phases (solide, liquide, gazeuse) intimement mélangées. Nous désignons ces systèmes comme « polyphasiques dispersés » (SPD). Ce sont des systèmes thermodynami-quement instables, (presque) toujours ouverts.
La démarche que nous avons entreprise consiste à examiner si le fait de considérer des systèmes dits « homogènes » comme des systèmes hétérogènes (ce qu’ils sont en réalité) apporte, malgré une complication du traitement mathématique, un complément d’information significatif et pertinent.
La démarche s’est faite en deux temps :
·\
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie moléculaire
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Martineau, Estelle. "Etude de profils métaboliques dans les cellules de culture humaine par spectroscopie isotopique : application pour la découverte de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2099.
Full textMetabolic studies in complex media by NMR and IRMS are highly promising towards the development of tools for breast cancer screening. Howewer, the quantification of intracellular metabolites by 1D NMR is limited by overlaps between peaks. 2D NMR offers a solution but suffers from long experiment durations which limit its quantitative use. On the other hand, IRMS has never been used to differenciate cancer cells. This work aims at establishing isotopic and metabolic profiles of these cells by NMR and IRMS. A first approach consists in optimizing 2D NMR sequences in order to estimate their potentialities for fast and precise quantitative analysis. Once optimized, the 1H INADEQUATE, sequence leads to quantitative spectra in 7 minutes with an excellent linearity and a repeatability better than 2%. Moreover, a comparison strategy of extraction methods is developed in order to determine the most robust and repeatable one for metabolomic studies of breast cancer cells. By coupling the optimum extraction method with the optimized 2D NMR protocol, the absolute metabolite concentrations are precisely determined on several cancer cell lines by a standard additions method. A second approach deals with the development of a cellular differentiation method by IRMS. The measurement of 15N/14N and 13C/12C isotopic ratios makes it possible to determine a characteristic isotopic signature of each cell line, and to draw up an isotopic map which discriminates between breast cancer cell lines
Ginis, Olivia. "Identification de facteurs de transcription régulateurs de la voie de biosynthèse des alcaloïdes indoliques monoterpéniques chez Catharanthus roseus." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4014/document.
Full textCatharanthus roseus is a tropical plant producing specifically monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIA) of high interest due to their therapeutical values. In C. roseus cells, the terpenoid branch including the methyl erythritol phosphate pathway (MEP) provides the MIA terpenoid moiety and is regarded as limited for MIA biosynthesis. This branch presents a coordinated transcriptional regulation in response to hormonal signals leading to MIA production. In this context, bioinformatic analysises and functional characterization of MEP pathway gene promoters allowed the identification of new transcription factor families involved in the MIA pathway regulation. Members of ZCT proteins, WRKY and type B RR families specifically interact with the hds promoter from the MEP pathway and regulate its activity. This work permits to gain into insight the transcriptional network controlling the MIA biosynthesis. It is possible now to consider using transcription factor that act as activators and target genes from the terpenoid branch to increase the accumulation of alkaloids of pharmaceutical interest in C. roseus by metabolic engineering approaches
Lelievre, Jean-Marc. "Régulation hormonale de la sénescence de cellules de poire cultivées in vitro en relation avec la synthèse de protéines spécifiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT020A.
Full textBayad, Jamal. "Immortalisation de lignées cellulaires hépatocytaires : expression et régulation des enzymes du métabolisme des xenobiotiques." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10450.
Full textDufresne, Murielle. "Comportements cellulaires en culture d'explants arteriels : caracterisation phenotypique et influence de l'heparine sur la proliferation." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1120.
Full textSaleil, Véronique. "Développement "in vitro" des apex isolés à partir de deux espèces d'igname, Dioscorea alata et Dioscorea trifida." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20091.
Full textVerdier-Pinard, Pascal. "Action des alcaloi͏̈des de la pervenche de Madagascar (Catharanthus roseus) sur les protéines microtubulaires : formation différentielle des paracristaux de tubuline." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30273.
Full textEl, Maataoui Mohamed. "Embryogénèse somatique chez le chêne liège (Quercus suber L. ) : induction, étude cytohistologique et essai de régénération de plantes entières." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30039.
Full textBoonne, Cathy. "Micropropagation "in vitro" de Dittrichia viscosa W. Greuter et tolérance des plantes juvéniles aux contraintes minérales." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20017.
Full textPedeboscq, Stéphane. "Etude in vitro des effets cytotoxiques et apoptotiques induits par divers agents anticancéreux sur cultures cellulaires de glioblastomes humains." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21493.
Full textGlioblastoma multiforme is a malignant astrocytic tumor with median survival of about 12 months. Despite advances in surgical techniques and in the development of new protocols in radio- and chemotherapy, the prognosis remains poor and new therapeutic strategies are required. Therefore, we developed an in vitro model able to evaluate anticancer drug toxicity on cells obtained from individual glioblastoma patients. Anticancer agents tested were from different pharmacological classes alkylating agents (temozolomide, carboplatin and BCNU), tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR (geftinib) and proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib). A cytotoxicity test using MTT was used to evaluate in vitro drug efficacy. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry using a fluorescent probe TMRM. EGFR and bcl-2 expressions were determined by a western blotting technique. On glioblastoma DBTRG05-MG cell line expressing high levels of EGFR, our results show a potentiation of temozolomide and carboplatin cytotoxity by the anti-EGFR grftinib. This is not observed on U87-MG cell line which do not express EGFR. Bortezomib shows a great toxicity on the two cell lines, at very low concentrations. The primary culture model permits to determine individual response for each patient, shows interindividual differences between patients and allow us to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of new molecules. Then, we could establish a correlation between the in vitro data determined with our study model and the clinical efficacy evaluated in the patient file. EGFR and bcl-2 status were assessed on each primoculture leading us to determinz a good and bad responder profile