Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellules tumorales pulmonaires'
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Mével, Marie. "Rôle de la kinase LKB1 dans les adénocarcinomes pulmonaires : régulations métaboliques et activité nucléaire, des mécanismes communs avec ses fonctions développementales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALV103.
Full textLung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) are a subset of non-small-cell lung cancers, comprising approximately 85% of diagnosed lung cancer cases. The 5-year survival rate varies depending on the tumor stage, with approximately 68% survival for early-stage cases and nearly 0% survival for the most advanced stages. These cancers exhibit a range of mutational characteristics that may account for the varying degrees of severity. Liver Kinase B, abbreviated as LKB1, is found to be mutated in 8 to 21% of LUAD cases. While it is not the initiating factor in lung tumorigenesis, the loss of this protein significantly worsens the prognosis for affected patients.LKB1 is a serine-threonine kinase encoded by the STK11 gene, and it plays a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of various organs. Our team has uncovered essential metabolic regulations governed by LKB1 in distinct lineages of a specific embryonic stem cell population known as neural crest cells (NCCs). During my PhD, I contributed to investigating the significance of LKB1 in the establishment of the enteric nervous system—a complex network of ganglia responsible for regulating digestive motility and entirely derived from NCCs. Our research demonstrated the critical role of LKB1 in the differentiation of enteric neurons and the maintenance of enteric glial cells by limiting oxidative stress and modulating the activity of the p53 transcription factor.In this context, my doctoral research also delved into whether the metabolic regulations governed by LKB1 during NCC formation could also contribute to LKB1's tumor-suppressive activity. By conducting in silico analysis of transcriptomic data from LUAD patients with LKB1 mutations (in conjunction with oncogenic KRAS mutations), I have demonstrated that the loss of LKB1 function is linked to significant alterations in amino acid metabolism. Specifically, the expression of numerous enzymes involved in alanine metabolism is increased in the absence of LKB1 in lung adenocarcinomas. This increase aligns with data obtained from lung tumor cell cultures, which indicate higher levels of alanine in the absence of LKB1. Furthermore, LKB1 mutations are associated with dysregulation of metabolites and enzymes related to redox homeostasis, global epigenetic changes, as well as the stabilization of p53 and alterations in the expression of its target genes.Hence, my findings underscore the shared regulatory mechanisms between LKB1's developmental role in NCCs and its tumor-suppressive function in lung adenocarcinomas. These analyses, conducted in LUAD patients, further underscore the potential significance of LKB1 signaling in human developmental syndromes, even though mutations in this pathway are not currently associated with neurocristopathies—pathologies stemming from NCC malformations. Additionally, the identification of other dysregulations in LUADs, such as the regulation of oxidative stress via the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway and the deregulation of the transcription factor and chromatin regulator BRG1, reciprocally inspire a deeper understanding of LKB1's developmental functions. Collectively, these findings pave the way for exploring novel therapeutic strategies for conditions linked to diminished LKB1 signaling
Grigoriu, Bogdan. "ROLE D'ENDOCAN DANS LA CROISSANCE TUMORALE ET EFFETS DES ANTICORPS ANTI-ENDOCAN SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT TUMORAL." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00407521.
Full textEndocan, une molécule de cet environnement tumoral, est un protéoglycane secrété spécifiquement par la cellule endothéliale et dont l'expression, à l'état normal, est limitée principalement à l'endothélium pulmonaire et rénal. Endocan, par son glycane, interagit avec les facteurs de croissance et stimule la prolifération des cellules épithéliales. Endocan pourrait également intervenir dans la régulation de la migration leucocytaire trans-endothéliale en modulant l'interaction des intégrines (comme par ex le LFA-1) avec leur ligand. Endocan est surexprimé dans un nombre important de localisations tumorales comme le poumon, le sein, le colon et le rein. Dans le cancer du poumon et du sein, endocan fait partie d'un cluster de gènes de mauvais pronostic, sa surexpression étant liée à une mortalité plus précoce ou à des métastases plus fréquentes.
Nous avons montré qu'endocan a un effet de promotion de la croissance tumorale et que cette fonction est dépendante de l'interaction de son glycane avec les facteurs de croissance du microenvironnement tumoral.
Dans les modèles expérimentaux de cancer chez la souris SCID, nous avons démontré que le blocage d'endocan par l'intermédiaire d'anticorps monoclonaux freine la croissance tumorale, est que ce freinage est associé à un recrutement de leucocytes intra-tumoraux.
Dans les cancers broncho-pulmonaires humains nous avons démontré qu'endocan est surexprimé de manière importante et que cette expression est corrélée, avec celle du VEGF. Les taux circulants d'endocan sont également corrélés avec le pronostic des malades, avec une survie plus courte pour les patients ayant des taux élevés d'endocan. De manière intéressante les taux d'endocan étaient corrélés avec la présence de métastases à distance et au niveau ganglionnaire mais pas avec la taille tumorale. Endocan pourrait représenter un marqueur pronostique les cancers bronchopulmonaires et être le reflet de la stimulation angiogénique tumorale.
Nous nous sommes également intéressés à une autre pathologie néoplasique pulmonaire qu'est le mésothéliome pleural et les métastases pleurales des carcinomes. Nous avons pu montrer que les taux sériques d'endocan sont aussi liés au pronostic dans les adénocarcinomes métastasés à la plèvre mais pas dans le mésothéliome pleural. Nous avons pu montrer que les peptides solubles dérivés de la mesotheline (SMRP) sont un bon marqueur diagnostique du mésothéliome pleural épithélioïde. L'ostéopontine (une molécule pléiotrope impliquée, entre autres, dans l'adhésion et la survie cellulaire), et qui a été proposée comme marqueur pour le diagnostic précoce du mésothéliome pleural malin n'a que peu d'utilité dans le diagnostic des pleurésies chez les patients exposés à l'amiante. Par contre les deux marqueurs sont des facteurs indépendants de pronostic pour les mésothéliomes pleuraux.
Begueret, Hugues. "Mise au point et application d'un test de détection de cellules exprimant des marqueurs neuroendocrines dans le sang de 36 patients atteints de carcinomes neuroendocrines pulmonaires." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23059.
Full textLe, Pimpec-Barthes Françoise. "Evaluation des voies de dissémination non hématogènes des cancers pulmonaires non à petites cellules." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066039.
Full textLymphatic spread of lung cancer, an independent prognosis factor, remains a difficult assessment due to the complexity of dissemination paths and the wide gap between morphological radiology, only feasible clinically, and fundamental studies in molecular biology which allows detection of small quantities of tumor cells with uncertain impact on tumoral course. Indeed, the progressive nature of early-stage metastasis in pre-maturely recurring metastasis leads one to suspect the possible existence of occult metastasis undetected by conventional histological analysis, and atypical or unkown tumoral dissemination. In this study, we analyze several aspects concerning tumoral dissemination: firstly, through propagation paths via lymphatic drainage from intra-thoracic organs and their variants; secondly, through simple cytological study or through molecular biology, allowing detection of tumoral progression. These results coupled with the knowledge of tumoral dissemination paths impact multi-disciplinary therapeutic strategy, not only from a surgical procedure point of view, but also from among the choice of adjuvant treatments
Tacelli, Nunzia. "Perfusion tumorale en TDM thoracique dynamique : application à l’évaluation de la néoangiogénèse des cancers broncho-pulmonaires non à petites cellules." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S017.
Full textRecent advances in molecular biology have dramatically accelerated our understanding of tumoral lesions and triggered development of novel targeted therapies. Among them, antiangiogenic drugs represent a promising strategy for non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). These agents are more cytostatic rather than cytotoxic, explaining the limitations of tumor response assessment based on morphological criteria, such as the RECIST criteria (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors). The purpose of this thesis was to investigate tumoral perfusion using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) CT, a novel technology enabling whole-tumor analysis with 64 slices per rotation. Our first study validated the pathological substratum of quantitative CT information on tumoral blood volume (BV) and capillary permeability (CP) in 15 NSCLC treated by surgery. Confident interpretation of CT data sets then allowed us to investigate changes in tumoral neovascularisation of NSCLC under chemotherapy. DEC-CT showed significant reduction in BV and CP of tumors treated by standard chemotherapy combined with antiangiogenic drugs (bevacizumab) (Group 1; n=17), not observed in tumors treated by standard chemotherapy alone (Group 2; n=23). In Group 1, the reduction in BV after one cycle of chemotherapy was significantly higher in responders than in non-responders (p=0.0128), response to treatment being only defined after 3 cycles of chemotherapy. DCE-CT can depict early changes in lung cancer vascularity, before tumour shrinkage, that may help predict response to antiangiogenic drugs
Cadena, Castaneda Diana. "Etude du niveau d'expression du FcRn sur la réponse anti-tumorale : impact sur les cellules Natural Killer (NK)." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3312/document.
Full textFcRn or neonatal receptor for the Fc portion of IgG is a "key" receptor since it extends the half-life of IgGs and albumin and ensures their biodistribution. Recently, its role has been extended to the humoral and anti-tumor immune. Moreover, some studies indicate that the expression level of FcRn in the different tissues may modulate its functions. In this context, we showed that the expression of FcRn was decreased in lung cancer tissue compared to healthy tissue, in patients with NSLC. This decreased expression is correlated with the prognosis of the patients. In order to understand the impact of the reduced FcRn expression on tumorigenesis, we implemented a murine model of lung metastases, implanting B16F10 cells in FcRn deficient mice. The absence of FcRn influences the anti-tumor response, by altering the number of dendritic cells and TCD8+ cells. We showed for the first time that the lack of FcRn altered the development / maturation and the functional activity of NK cells, thus weakening even more anti-tumor immunosurveillance. These new results on NK highlight a new role of FcRn in the biology of NK cells. The mechanisms underlying this effect need to be elucidated
Renaud, Stéphane. "Impact de l’hypoxie sur la progression tumorale des cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules (CBNPC)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ117.
Full textTumoral hypoxia, and his target HIF-1α, are linked to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in various solid tumors. EMT has been linked to chemotherapy resistance and metastases in many cancers. In this work, we have shown that tumoral hypoxia may help to define a worst prognosis in case of hypoxia after non-small cell lung cancer surgery (NSCLC). We have also shown that on NSCLC cell lines harboring activating EGFR mutations, hypoxia trough expression of HIF-1α, was able to induce EMT, with activation of different transcription factors according to cell mutational status: induction of SNAIL-1/SNAIL-2 in H1650 cell line harboring exon 19 deletion, induction of SNAIL-1/ZEB-1 in H1975 cell line harboring both exon 21 L858R and exon 20 T790M mutations. Considering all these data, it appears that HIF-1α may be considered a a new therapeutic target
Medjber, Kahina. "Etude de l’implication des récepteurs nicotiniques à l’acétylcholine dans le développement des cancers pulmonaires non à petites cellules." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMM201/document.
Full textTumor progression is characterized by two key processes, cell proliferation and invasion. Nicotinic receptors, activated by nicotine and its derived nitrosamines (NNK and NNN) modulate intracellular calcium concentrations and activate in vitro proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of tumor cell lines. In this study, we show, by using primary cell cultures from lung cancer tumors, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, that nAChR α7 differently regulates cell proliferation according to the state of tumor differentiation. The α7 nAChRs acts as a repressor of cell proliferation in differentiated lung cancer tissues and in the normal respiratory epithelium, while it stimulates cell proliferation in response to nicotine, in poorly differentiated tumors. Conversely, the α3α5β2 nAChR is only partially involved in the regulation of cell proliferation in lung cancers and in the normal respiratory epithelium. The α7 and α3α5β2 nAChRs are both involved in the in vitro invasion process of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Non-synonymous polymorphism rs16969968 in the CHRNA5 gene induces a mutation in a highly conserved amino acid (D398N). Many genome-wide association studies have demonstrated the relationship between this polymorphism and the incidence of lung cancer. In this study, we show that nAChRs, expressing the mutated α5 subunit (D398N), are in involved in the alteration of the proliferation and the differentiation state of respiratory epithelial cells, and also modulate tumor cell invasion, in synergy with the α7 nAChRs
Potiron, Vincent. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires responsables de la fonction anti-tumorale de la semaphorine SEMA3F dans le cancer broncho-pulmonaire." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2321.
Full textThe semaphorin SEMA3F is a secreted protein involved in axon repulsion and angiogenesis. The SEMA3F gene is located in a region of loss of heterozygosity in human lung tumors, suggesting a role as a tumor suppressor gene. We have developped an animal model of lung tumorigenesis in the rat by injecting SEMA3F-transfected tumor cells. This model allowed us to demonstrate that SEMA3F has an anti-tumorigenic effect in vivo. In addition, we have identified several molecular mechanisms that could explain SEMA3F anti-tumorigenic effect. Our results, based on the H157 human lung cancer cell line, show that SEMA3F inhibits activation of alphav beta3 integrin, activation of ILK-ERK1/2, AKT and STAT3. Moreover, SEMA3F inhibits HIF-1 alpha and VEGF expression, potentially explaining the anti-angiogenic effects that we have observed in a mouse tumor model as well as in the chick CAM angiogenesis model in ovo. Ou results demonstrate that SEMA3F is an inhibitor of tumorigenesis, probably through the inhibition of signaling pathways that contribute to tumor angiogenesis
MONTEIL, ROGER. "Utilisation des determinations enzymatiques de l'enolase neurone-specifique comme element du diagnostic differentiel des cancers broncho-pulmonaires a petites cellules : interet du rapport nse/nne." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF13069.
Full textFaugeroux, Vincent. "Caractérisation moléculaire et fonctionnelle de cellules tumorales circulantes dans le cancer de la prostate et le cancer bronchique non à petites cellules." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS481/document.
Full textCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) represents an non invasive source of tumor material which may provide clinical and basic information. These cells derived from primary or metastatic tumors represents an heterogeneous population of very rare events which circulates in the blood. Oncology personnalized medicine is based on biopsies molecular characterization but these are sometimes which difficult to realize and poorly informative. Thereby molecular and functional characterization of CTCs presents a double interest, clinical to identify treatments biomarkers sensitivity and basic to study mechanisms underlying their tumor inititiating cell (TIC) potential. The two goals of my thesis were on the one hand to characterize by whole-exome sequencing (WES) at the single level the CTCs from patients with metastatic prostate cancers (mPCa) and on the other hand to establish and characterize CTC-derived xenografts (CDX) from patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or mPCa. For the first goal we developped a global workflow which include three technological approaches to enrich and isolate individual CTCs from different phenotype (epithelial, epithelial and mesenchymal, mesenchymal), to perform whole genome amplification (WGA) and to sequence them. WES was performed on 34 CTC samples selected according to WGA quality and on corresponding metastasis biopsies from seven patients. Two patients with phenotypic heterogeneity of CTCs were deeply analyzed. We highlighted shared mutations between CTCs and matched biopsies as well as mutations only detected in CTCs. These private CTC mutations are detected in all phenotype and particularly affect genes invlved in cytoskeleton remodeling, DNA repair or invasion. The existence of common mutations between CTCs from various phenotype suggests a phylogenic link between these cells but a divergent evolution during metastatic process. This work is submitted for publication. For the second goal, we implanted CTCs from 67 NSCLC patients and 28 mPCa patients in immunocompromised mice. We established four NSCLC CDX and one mPCa CDX. The characterization of tumor biopsies, CTCs collected at the time of xenograft, CDX and CDX-derived cell lines revealed that CTCs, CDX and cell lines miror the phenotype and mutational landscape of tumor biopsies. The more deeply characterization of one cell line show the presence of a high replicative stress and genomic instability. This result directs us to the hypothesis of a possible role of the genomic instability in CTC tumorigenicity.We demonstrated in this work that CTCs mutational landscape harbors high similairities with patients tumor biopsies in mPCa. Furthermore we observed CTC private mutations not detected in tumor biopsies. Also we showed that some CTCs from NSCLC and mPCa are tumorigenic in vivo and that these CTCs mirror mutational profile of patients tumor biopsies. These models are original and interesting tools to identify new therapeutic targets and anti-tumoral strategies and understand mechanisms underlying the TIC potential of CTCs
Paul, Pascal. "Purification et caracterisation d'une lectine endogene d'une cellule tumorale murine : le carcinome pulmonaire de lewis (3ll). role dans la formation des metastases." Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE2048.
Full textAlifano, Marco. "Rôle du système neurotensine / récepteur de la neurotensine dans le carcinome pulmonaire non à petites cellules et le mésotheliome malin pleural." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066003.
Full textLavergne, Marion. "Rôle du TFPI-2, un inhibiteur de protéases à sérine, dans la progression des cancers broncho-pulmonaires à petites cellules." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR3307.
Full textSmall Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) is the most common neuroendocrine tumour of the lung (15% of cases) and is strongly associated with smoking. It is characterised by tumours that grow rapidly with early metastases. Less than 10% of patients with SCLC have a resectable tumour, thus surgical specimens are scarce and most tumour samples come from small biopsies obtained during bronchial endoscopy or mediastinoscopy. In this study, low levels of TFPI-2 expression were found in 65% of patients with SCLC. To study the impact of TFPI-2 in tumour progression, we first developed a clinically relevant animal model that resembles various stages of human SCLC. NCI-H209 cells, not expressing TFPI-2, were genetically modified to express firefly luciferase and the growth of the tumour was sensitively followed by bioluminescence imaging. TFPI-2 was then overexpressed in these cells and we showed that TFPI-2 inhibited lung tumour growth. Such inhibition could be explained in vitro by a decrease in tumour cell proliferation, blockade of G1/S phase cell cycle transition due to p15 and p27 expression, and an increase in apoptosis shown in NCI-H209 cells expressing TFPI-2. We also demonstrated that TFPI-2 upregulation in NCI-H209 cells decreased MMP expression, particularly by downregulating MMP-1 and MMP-3. Moreover, TFPI-2 inhibited phosphorylation of the MAPK signalling pathway proteins involved in the induction of MMP transcripts, among which MMP-1 was predominant in SCLC tissues and was inversely expressed with TFPI-2 in 35% of cases. These results suggest that downregulation of TFPI-2 expression could favour the development of SCLC. Finally, we also demonstrated for the first time that TFPI-2 could inhibit the kallikrein 12, an anti-angiogenic serine proteinase. Altogether, these results suggest that TFPI-2 could be a new potent therapeutic agent to control SCLC tumour progression in SCLC
Maillet, Agnès Lemarié Etienne. "Effet thérapeutique du cetuximab administré par aérosol dans un modèle animal de tumeur broncho-pulmonaire Importance du récepteur Fc Rn dans la réponse anti-tumorale à cet anticorps. /." S. l. : S. n, 2008. http://theses.abes.fr/2008TOUR3104.
Full textJouganous, Julien. "Modélisation et simulation de la croissance de métastases pulmonaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0154/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with mathematical modeling and simulation of lung metastases growth.We first present a partial differential equations model to simulate the growth and possibly the response to some types of treatments of metastases to the lung. This model must be personalized to be used individually on clinical cases. Consequently, we developed a calibration technic based on medical images of the tumor. Several applications on clinical cases are presented.Then we introduce a simplification of the first model and the calibration algorithm. This new method, more robust, is tested on 36 clinical cases. The results are presented in the third chapter. To finish, a machine learning algorithm
Garcia, Jessica. "Évaluation du patrimoine tumoral circulant dans la prise en charge thérapeutique des patients atteints de cancer broncho-pulmonaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1275.
Full textBroncho-pulmonary cancer (PBC) is the 4th most common cancer worldwide after prostate, breast and colon cancer. Diagnosed at late stages, it is the leading cause of cancer death. However, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer has led to the development of personalized therapies for each patient. The emergence of targeted therapies and immunotherapy has revolutionized the therapeutic management, improving the overall survival, progression-free survival and side effects of patients compared to conventional chemotherapy treatments. The prescription of personalized therapies is based on the molecular characteristics of the tumor and, therefore, requires innovative molecular analyzes. Nevertheless, between 10 and 30% of the molecular analyzes of NSCLC patients are non-contributory and access to targeted therapies is compromised. Moreover, even if the pathological analysis remains useful for stadium evaluation or histology, it remains unsuitable for repetitive actions throughout the illness. The "liquid biopsy", is an emerging concept, corresponding to the analysis of circulating nucleic acids but also circulating tumor cells (CTC), derived from the primary tumor. This low-invasive method, based on a blood sample, makes it possible to analyze the circulating tumor inheritance and gives access to the molecular information of the primary tumor. The development of new diagnostic activities is therefore essential to meet its new clinical demands. Since 2015, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) has deployed a translational research program, called CIRCAN "CIRculating Cancer" in which this thesis. Many methods for detecting relevant biomarkers in thoracic oncology in circulating free DNA (cfDNA) have been developed and validated in the laboratory for more than 1500 patients currently, allowing them to benefit from targeted therapies. The optimization and validation of molecular biology technologies such as high-throughput sequencing and ultra-sensitive digital PCR were performed during this thesis work and published in international journals. Beyond targeted therapies, immunotherapies represent promising new treatments for these patients whose PD-L1 expression level on tissue biopsy is the biomarker of choice. Given the constraints of tissue biopsy, we have developed a phenotypic characterization protocol for PD-L1 in CTCs. In addition, numerous studies show the clinical relevance of the use of mutational load (TMB) as a predictive marker of response to immunotherapy. In parallel, we have developed molecular tools undergoing validation for the calculation of TMB in cfDNA and in CTC compared with the value calculated in tissue, and the PD-L1 level evaluated by immunohistochemistry. However, for about 50% of patients with CBP, no biomarker is found, blocking access to personalized therapies and reducing the patient's chances of survival. In search of new biomarkers, we have developed a protocol allowing access to the transcriptomic signature of CTCs at a "single-cell" level in order to characterize the tumor heterogeneity of these cells and to better understand the resistance mechanisms implemented. The clinical samples of patients are being analyzed, with this protocol validated with a model cell line. Indeed, the results of the method validation highlight the possibility of evaluating tumor heterogeneity and the signaling pathways involved in metastatic spread, such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Mansuet-Lupo, Audrey. "Influence des caractéristiques morphologiques et mutationnelles des carcinomes pulmonaires sur leur environnement immunitaire et leur pronostic." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 5, 2014. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=647&f=1599.
Full textThe major role of the immune system against tumor development is now clearly established, including lung carcinoma. Nevertheless, interaction between tumoral cells and immune environment is less well-defined. In that study, we have studied morphological and molecular tumoral cells characteristics from lung adenocarcinoma and their role in the composition of immune environment. We reported the prognostic value of morphological parameters, as histological grade of adenocarcinoma, and their association with molecular EGFR and KRAS status. We hypothesized that morphological and molecular diversity of these tumors could be associated with a specific intratumoral immune signature, and could have an impact in prognosis. We showed that mature dendritic cells density, located in tertiary lymphoid structures, differed according to EGFR and KRAS status. Morever, molecular status of tumors modified the pronostic value of mature dendritics cells and CD8+ T cells. We found a prognostic value of immune environment, represented by dendritic cells and T CD8+ cells, in operated stage III-N2 lung carcinomas treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. At last, we demonstrated that chemotherapy is not associated with wide modifications in immune infiltrate, whereas it induced modifications in tumoral cells. All together, these data strongly argue for a close link between tumoral cells and immune environment, which seems to depend on tumoral cell characteristics. This interaction between tumoral cells and immune cells contribute to the prognosis of these tumors. These results show the evidence that combine cytotoxic treatment, like conventional chemotherapy, with immunomodulators, favour a protective anti-tumor immune response
Maillet, Agnès. "Effet thérapeutique du cetuximab administré par aérosol dans un modèle animal de tumeur broncho-pulmonaire : importance du récepteur Fc Rn dans la réponse anti-tumorale à cet anticorps." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR3104/document.
Full textThe project aims at determining whether aerosoltherapy is well suited for monoclonal antibodies (Mab), in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). In addition, exploration of the expression of FcRn, an IgG receptor contributing to increased half-life and biodistribution of Mab, has been studied in NSCLC. Using cetuximab, an anti-EGFR Mab, we showed that Mab resist the physical constraints of nebulization. Biodistribution and pharmacokinetic analyses, using a murine model, revealed that cetuximab is highly and durably accumulated within the lungs and slowly and weakly released into the bloodstream following airways delivery. Moreover, animal tumors seem sensitive to cetuximab aerosoltherapy. Expression analysis of FcRn at both the transcript and protein levels showed that the receptor is downregulated in NSCLC. FcRn alteration of expression in the tumor might be due to hypermethylation of the gene promoter as often found in cancer
Lesage, Julien. "Implication des Zonula Occludens dans la progression métastatique des cancers broncho-pulmonaires." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMM201.
Full textIn metastatic epithelial tumor conversion, cancer cells acquire new invasive and migratory capacities in association with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. During EMT, the junctional components are reorganized and the sub-membrane scaffolding protein zonula occludens (ZO)-1 relocates from tight junctions into cyto-nuclear compartment where it displays pro-invasive functions during tumor progression. In the present study, we focused on functional involvement of cyto-nuclear pool of ZO-1 on CXCL8/IL-8 regulation. In vitro, we observed correlation between level of IL-8 protein, invasive capacities of lung cancer cells and ZO-1 location. By overexpression of various ZO members, we showed that ZO-1 controls specifically IL-8 expression and active CXCL8 gene transcription by NF-κB dependent mechanism in lung and breast cancer cells. We also reported by in vitro assays that ZO 1 activates NF-κB. Investigation of functional implication of this regulatory axis next showed the pro-angiogenic activity of ZO-1 in both ex vivo and in vivo angiogenesis assays. Finally, we founded that non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) presenting a cyto-nuclear ZO-1 pattern were significantly more angiogenic that those without detectable cyto-nuclear ZO-1 expression.Thus, this study presents a new role of ZO-1 in establishment of pro-angiogenic tumor microenvironment through its capacity to modulate IL-8 expression via an NF-κB dependent mechanism
Mansuet-Lupo, Audrey. "Influence des caractéristiques morphologiques et mutationnelles des carcinomes pulmonaires sur leur environnement immunitaire et leur pronostic." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T017/document.
Full textThe major role of the immune system against tumor development is now clearly established, including lung carcinoma. Nevertheless, interaction between tumoral cells and immune environment is less well-defined. In that study, we have studied morphological and molecular tumoral cells characteristics from lung adenocarcinoma and their role in the composition of immune environment. We reported the prognostic value of morphological parameters, as histological grade of adenocarcinoma, and their association with molecular EGFR and KRAS status. We hypothesized that morphological and molecular diversity of these tumors could be associated with a specific intratumoral immune signature, and could have an impact in prognosis. We showed that mature dendritic cells density, located in tertiary lymphoid structures, differed according to EGFR and KRAS status. Morever, molecular status of tumors modified the pronostic value of mature dendritics cells and CD8+ T cells. We found a prognostic value of immune environment, represented by dendritic cells and T CD8+ cells, in operated stage III-N2 lung carcinomas treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. At last, we demonstrated that chemotherapy is not associated with wide modifications in immune infiltrate, whereas it induced modifications in tumoral cells. All together, these data strongly argue for a close link between tumoral cells and immune environment, which seems to depend on tumoral cell characteristics. This interaction between tumoral cells and immune cells contribute to the prognosis of these tumors. These results show the evidence that combine cytotoxic treatment, like conventional chemotherapy, with immunomodulators, favour a protective anti-tumor immune response
Jacquin, Sophie. "Rôle de la protéine p53 dans l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire humaine et expérimentale." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114838/document.
Full textPulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a severe pulmonary vascular disease characterized by a progressive increase of the pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), defined by a mean PAP greater than or equal to 25 mmHg at rest. The main symptom is a shortness of breath. An intense pulmonary arterial remodeling that leads to an obstruction of the small pulmonary vessels is responsible of the disease. PAH is a rare but severe disease that develops into right ventricular cardiac failure leading to the patient's death.The general framework of our study was to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of PAH in order to identify new potential therapeutic targets and improve the clinical management of patients. In particular, we were interested in the “cancer-like phenotype” of PAH patient pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs). PA-SMCs play a key role in the pulmonary vascular remodeling of PAH. These cells share characteristics with cancerous cells, such as: exaggerated proliferation, apoptosis resistance, metabolic disorders and genomic instability. Owing to the growth-suppressive and pro-apoptotic functions of p53 protein and its inactivation largely described in cancer, we hypothesized that the p53 pathway could also be altered during PAH development in PA-SMCs.The results of in vitro studies on PA-SMCs of late stage patients with idiopathic PAH (iPAH) versus control patients suggest that the p53 protein nor pathway is not altered in iPAH PA-SMCs. Indeed, the coding sequence of the TP53 gene presented no mutations in iPAH PA-SMCs. Analysis of mRNA and protein levels of p53 and its target proteins showed no difference between controls and iPAH PA-SMCs, neither in a basal state or in response to various cellular stresses such as etoposide and H2O2. However, regulation of p53 may be altered in iPAH PA-SMCs as we observed an increase of the MDM2 (the main p53 regulator) protein level compared to control. This last result may be considered as a “cancer-like” characteristic of iPAH PA-SMCs and also be a determining factor in the mechanism of action of Nutlin-3a, which had more important anti-proliferative effects in iPAH PA-SMCs than in control cells.In vivo studies in rats revealed, however, that the p53 pathway may play a role in the initiation stage of PAH pathogenesis. Indeed, kinetics evaluation of p53 lung expression in the PAH model, induced by a single injection of monocrotaline (MCT), revealed a decrease in the p53 protein level during the first week, followed by a normalization by the second week. PAH symptoms are developed in MCT rats after two weeks. Similarly, the protein levels of p21, a p53 target, and MDM2, the major p53 regulator, and also a transcriptional target of p53, decreased during the first week in the MCT-PAH model. In addition, daily treatment in rats with an inhibitor of p53 transcriptional activity, pifithrin-α (PFT), led to the development of PAH in 14 days, similarly to MCT, and worsened the PAH induced by MCT. Pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of PFT on PA-SMCs indicate that inhibition of p53 transcriptional activity causes an excessive proliferation and an apoptosis resistance, which are two key components of the pulmonary vascular remodeling and development of human and experimental PAH.In conclusion, these results demonstrate the involvement of the p53 pathway inactivation in the initiation stage of PAH development, whereas in late and severe stages of disease, its role seems to be less implicated. In contrast, the increased expression of MDM2 observed in PA-SMCs of PAH patients may be a potential therapeutic target
Bingula, Rea. "Non-small cell lung cancer, immunity and microbiota : laying ground for the gut-lung-lung cancer axis in human subjects." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAS009.
Full textLung cancer is the main cause of death by cancer worldwide. Despite the variety of available treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immune therapy, the average 5-year survival is 60%. One of the underlying reasons is a very high variability in patients’ susceptibility to treatment, explained by genetic background and since recently – our microbiota. The term microbiota includes bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and protists that inhabit our organism. The studies in animal models show that the gut microbiota (focused on bacteria) has a crucial role in host’s responsiveness to therapy through the stimulation of immune system. In this light, several “communication axes” between the gut and distal tumour sites have started to develop, including the “gut-lung” axis. However, the resident microbiota in the lungs that could directly influence the tumour response and interact with the gut microbiota has been scarcely characterised. To enable further development of the idea of the “gut-lung-lung cancer” axis, we included 18 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients eligible for surgery and analysed the microbiota from four different lung samples (non-malignant, peritumoural and tumour tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; BAL), saliva and faeces by high-throughput sequencing. We also analysed several immune markers, as lymphocytic tumour infiltrate, Th and neutrophil profiles and cytokines in BAL and blood, and inflammatory markers in faeces along with short-chain fatty acids. Focusing first on the lungs, we show that BAL microbiota represents a significantly distinct community compared to lung tissue microbiota by providing detailed characterisation of the four different lung samples. Since tumours in lower lobes are reported as the ones with the worse prognosis, we investigated how the lobe location affected the microbiota composition. Peritumoural tissue and BAL microbiota were identified as the most affected in both abundance and diversity, and tumour as the least affected. However, phylum Firmicutes, previously reported as elevated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to controls, was found more abundant in microbiota from lower lung lobes. Therefore, we propose that both increase in Firmicutes and extensive changes in peritumoural tissue could be associated to increased aggressiveness of the lower lobe tumours. Next, we show that the presence of metastatic lymph nodes (LN), negative prognostic marker in NSCLC, significantly influence the local tissue microbiota in relation to its respiratory profile. We reported that anaerobic bacteria were more abundant within the tumour in the presence of metastatic LN, and aerobic bacteria within the one without it. Moreover, exactly inverse was observed for the same bacteria in extratumoural tissues. Along with migratory hypothesis depending on the bacterial preference for growth conditions shaped by tumour’s features, we propose several biomarkers for detection of metastatic LN that might facilitate their detection without imposing LN biopsy. Finally, we showed that BAL microbiota is the most associated to the local immune response and independent of the presence of metastatic LN. Future research will focus on the exploration of the interaction between the lung microbiota, systemic immunity and the gut microbiota
Asgarova, Afag. "La transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse régule l'expression de PD-L1 dans le cancer du poumon, non à petites cellules : un role pour IKK Ɛ." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3007/document.
Full textEMT foster cancer progression by acting on mechanisms allowing tumors to exide immune surveillance. Recent clinical advances immunotherapy demonstrated that some cancer with established lymphocyte infiltrates, express immune checkpoint inhibitory molecules, such as PD-L1, to allow their progression. During this thesis, another link between EMT and immune escape, through the regulation of PD-L1 in non-smal cell lung caricinoma was established. A new role of IKKƐ in the regulation of PD-L1 during EMT was also been shown