Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellules solaires organiques – Surfaces'
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Schirr-Bonnans, Martin. "Fonctionnalisation de surfaces et d'interfaces dans les cellules solaires organiques imprimées." Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO4005.
Full textThis work is part of a partnership between the company DISASOLAR and the University of Limoges (whose common goal is to develop. . . ) in the development of a know-how in the printing of organic photovoltaic solar cells on plastic substrates. Organic solar cells with a classic structure show certain life-time limitations due to the structure itselfs as well as to the materials used, in particular PEDOT:PSS. Thus, the first goal is to replace this interfacial polymer with metallic oxides like Tungsten, Vanadium or Molybdenum oxides. In order to do so, they are tested in cells by evaporation before being integrated via a liquid coating (sol-gel or nanoparticles dispersion) to prepare for their printing. The second goal is to adapt each step of the production process to make them compatible with a plastic substrate. To improve the reliability of the process and the cell's stability, we introduce the inverted structure. However, the performance of solar cells on plastic subtrates remains weaker than their counterparts on glass substrates. To reduce this difference, we look to the integration of dipolar layer in order to improve the charge transfer between the different materials. By carefully choosing the direction and the intensity of the grafted molecule's dipolar momentum we increase the power conversion efficiency of our solar cells on plastic substrates by up to 25%
Monestier, Florent. "Amélioration de l'absorption photonique dans les cellules photovoltaïques organiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321670.
Full textPuis nous avons relié les propriétés optiques des cellules organiques à leurs propriétés électriques en calculant les densités de courant de court circuit. La validation de nos modélisations a ensuite été réalisée par comparaison avec les résultats expérimentaux sur des cellules composées d'hétérojonctions bicouches ou de volume et pour différents couples donneur-accepteur (P3HT:PCBM, CuPc/C60 ou pentacène:pérylène). Dans la dernière partie de ce travail nous avons abordé l'étude de l'exaltation locale du champ électromagnétique via des effets de plasmons de surface. Pour cela, nous avons modélisé, réalisé et caractérisé des empilements de couches organiques, contenant des nanoparticules métalliques (or et argent), dans le but d'exalter localement le champ électromagnétique.
Amelot, Dylan. "Etudes des propriétés d'interfaces pour les cellules solaires de nouvelle génération." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS321.
Full textNext-generation solar cells consist of thin-films of different materials stacked-up. The purpose of those layers is to extract and transport free charge carriers generated by the absorption of the solar spectrum. Engineering layers in a solar cell consist in maximizing the separation of the charge carriers and their extraction towards electrodes, and limiting their recombination. Surface states, energy level alignement between materials and potential at interfaces dictate the behavior of photogenerated charge carriers in solar cells, which is responsible for the performance of devices. Properties of different surfaces and interfaces in organic and perovskite solar cells are explored in my thesis work. In a first study, I present the properties of an electron transport layer extensively used in organic and perovskite solar cells, titanium dioxyde, prepared at low temperature and at the interface with organic molecules. In a second study, I present my results regarding the integration of FAPbI3 perovskite nanocrystals (PNC) in solar cells. The characterization of optoelectronic properties of PNC and their evolution at the interfaces with an electron transport layer (TiO2) and hole transport layer (MoO3) are presented. Photoemission spectroscopy techniques are used to reveal the energy levels and electronic properties of the different systems. The different results obtained in this work allow for a better understanding of the energetic and chemical landscape at the interfaces between the mentionned materials, and thus explains the behavior of charge carriers in the associated cells
Oukachmih, Mimoun. "Les cellules photovoltai͏̈ques à base de matériaux organiques discotiques." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30092.
Full textPlamont, Remi. "New syntheses of functional porphyrinoids." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4314.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of new meso-substituted porphyrin synthetic methodologies. Some porphyrins were synthesized from the perspective of assembly studies on surfaces after postfunctionalization or not, in the context of several international collaborations. Other porphyrins however served as a model to evaluate the application potential of the proposed new methodologies. Finally, during this work we could also implement a new synthetic methodology allowing access to hexaphyrines meso substituted with degrees of symmetry never described for such compounds.The first chapter of this manuscript reports on the properties, characterization and reactivity of porphyrins and hexaphyrines. The second chapter provides, after a state of the art description on methods of synthesis of macrocycles concerned, exposing synthetic methodologies developed in the heart of this work for alkyl porphyrins A4 then a non-scrambling method applied to porphyrins with lower symmetry degree and finally hexaphyrines. The last chapter refers to the use of these chromophores in assembly processes and their possible functionalization for integrating these processes
Plamont, Remi. "New syntheses of functional porphyrinoids." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4314.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of new meso-substituted porphyrin synthetic methodologies. Some porphyrins were synthesized from the perspective of assembly studies on surfaces after postfunctionalization or not, in the context of several international collaborations. Other porphyrins however served as a model to evaluate the application potential of the proposed new methodologies. Finally, during this work we could also implement a new synthetic methodology allowing access to hexaphyrines meso substituted with degrees of symmetry never described for such compounds.The first chapter of this manuscript reports on the properties, characterization and reactivity of porphyrins and hexaphyrines. The second chapter provides, after a state of the art description on methods of synthesis of macrocycles concerned, exposing synthetic methodologies developed in the heart of this work for alkyl porphyrins A4 then a non-scrambling method applied to porphyrins with lower symmetry degree and finally hexaphyrines. The last chapter refers to the use of these chromophores in assembly processes and their possible functionalization for integrating these processes
Szymanski, Robin. "Vers l’industrialisation des cellules solaires organiques ternaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0298.
Full textOrganic photovoltaics (OPV) is a promising solar energy technology excluding the usage of rare elements and with low production costs. These multilayer OPV modules can be flexible, semi-transparent and with various colors enabling innovative usage in the urban landscape and on our everyday technological items. At lab scale, over the years, the power conversion efficiency of OPV cells grew up dramatically, especially thanks to the development of novel active layers, blends of two organic semiconductors, one electron donor and one electron acceptor (binary system). Recently, it has been shown that adding a third material in the active layer, forming a ternary blend, increases the performances. This strategy is of interest for the OPV industry by maintaining the low production costs of the modules. Therefore, this work aims to understand the role of this third component and to develop innovative active layers while respecting the industrial requirements for large-scale production. First, we focused on binary blends with PTQ10 and DT-PPDT2T-TT as polymeric donors. Promising efficiencies were achieved on these binary systems as a base for our ternary studies. We tried to increase the short circuit current by adding a third organic semiconductor with complementary light absorption. This approach was not successful because the fill factor dropped drastically. Thus, we focused on improving this parameter by adding the well-known fullerene acceptor PC61BM. This strategy enabled to increase the efficiency up to 10.3% in semi-industrial conditions with a non-toxic solvent and up to 14.7% in halogenated solvent. Morphological changes were responsible of charge transport improvement, which has proven to be one of the key factor in ternary blends. In addition, the open circuit voltage has been shown proportional to the weight ratio between both acceptors when they form an alloy. Based on these studies, we developed a predictive approach to assess the compatibility between the materials. Finally, ternary PTQ10:4TIC-4F:PC61BM devices turned out to be the most promising in terms of pre-industrialization and photostability
Labrunie, Antoine. "Matériaux « uniques » pour cellules solaires organiques mono-composant." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0044/document.
Full textOver the last few years, the development of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ OSCs) led to significant increase in photovoltaic (PV) efficiency. Such devices are based on interpenetrated networks of an electron-donor material (D) and an electron-acceptor material (A) constituting the active layer. Nevertheless a careful optimization of the morphology is required to reach high power conversion efficiency. Furthermore, this optimized morphology can evolve towards spontaneous phase segregation which can be detrimental for the PV performances. To circumvent these limitations, a relatively unexplored approach relies on the use of a material where the donor and the acceptor moieties are covalently linked to each other through a nonconjugated π-connector. In this context, the work reported herein describes the synthesis and characterization of various molecular D-σ-A assemblies, as well as their preliminary evaluation as “unique” material for the realisation of single component organic solar cells (SC-OSCs). A first family of dyads and triads, based on quaterthiophene moieties as donor block, was studied. A general methodology to assemble the two D and A blocks via a Huisgen-type click-chemistry is described. Then, in the next chapters, several dyads based on a “push-pull” donor block have been synthesized and characterized. The PV performances of these compounds have been evaluated in SC-OSCs leading to power conversion efficiency up to 1.4 %, a value close to the state of the art
Tebby, Zoé. "Cellules solaires hybrides organiques-inorganiques sur support souple." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13639/document.
Full textThis work aimed to develop dye-sensitized solar cells on plastic substrates. In this context, a new low-temperature method to make nanoporous oxide layers based on ultraviolet irradiation under air was studied. First of all, titanium dioxide layers were prepared with this method; the films obtained were composed of a mesoporous network of interconnected anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption and mercury porosimetries, and thermogravimetric analysis. After sensitizing the films with a ruthenium polypyridyl complex, the photovoltaic cells based on the films in contact with a liquid electrolyte gave conversion efficiencies between 1.6 and 2.5% depending on the nature of the particles used. This low-temperature method based on ultraviolet irradiation was then expanded to other oxides, such as zinc oxide and tin dioxide, as well as to core-shell structures. The conversion efficiencies obtained with tin dioxide were very high, i.e. 1.5 to 1.8%, compared to those usually reported in the literature for films sintered at high temperatures. The higher efficiencies obtained for the UV-treated films were related to higher open circuit potentials and higher fill factors. Therefore, the physical phenomena involved were investigated with various techniques; in particular, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open circuit voltage decay. Finally, the electrochromic performances of the low-temperature UV-processed nanoparticulate titanium dioxide films were studied on glass and plastic substrates with an ionic liquid. The coloration efficiencies were found to be comparable to those of high-temperature processed layers
Tebby, Zoé Toupance Thierry. "Cellules solaires hybrides organiques-inorganiques sur support souple." S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2008/TEBBY_ZOE_2008.pdf.
Full textDarchy, Léa. "Nanotubes de carbones semi-conducteurs pour cellules solaires organiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00919656.
Full textArchet, Florence. "Cellules solaires organiques à base de molécules bio-inspirées." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0400/document.
Full textTo face the growing needs in energy, renewable energies like solar photovoltaic represent realistic solutions. Photovoltaic energy requires efficient materials to absorb photons and to convert them into electricity. Organic solar cells (OSCs) are based on semiconducting π-conjugated polymer or small molecules. Current research in this field focuses on three main topics: the reduction of costs, the increase of device lifetime and the increase of power conversion efficiency. This last issue led to an increase in the complexity of OSCs architecture as well as organic semi-conductors, leading to anincrease in manufacturing costs. In order to develop sustainable and eco-friendly processes, it is now important to work on cost effective semi-conductors obtained fromgreen synthetic methodology. The aim of this thesis was to develop new bio-inspired organic semi-conductors. These materials are potentially low cost. Molecules studied present donor-acceptor-donor structure. They have the skeleton of curcumine. Curcumine is a natural yellow dye present in curcuma. Acceptor group is boron difluoride. Donor groups vary depending on the curcuminoid derivative. Optoelectronicproperties of seventeen semi-conductors were studied. Several of them stood out: those with anthracene groups, those with thiophene derivatives, finally and especially, those with triphenylamine groups. For this last family, the impact on the photovoltaic performances of the ink formulation used for deposition has been deeply studied. Several acceptor materials were tested, as well as ternary blend. For one curcuminoid derivative combined with PC61BM, efficiency above 4% has been achieved with open circuit voltage up to 1.0 V. Due to the very simple chemical structure of the donor, this represents one of the best result reported in literature to our knowledge. Transient species were also studied by ultrafast spectroscopy. The fabrication process was also changed to eliminate halogenated solvent and to enable processing in ambient air like in industrial process. Finally, photovoltaic properties observed are interesting. Nevertheless, they are not sufficient for industrial application due to low hole mobility in these materials
Kelber, Julien. "Cristaux liquides colonnaires donneurs et accepteurs pour cellules solaires organiques." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628105.
Full textRaba, Adam. "Modélisation et simulation des réponses électriques de cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD012/document.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to study bulk heterojunction organic solar cells with a specific two dimensional model that takes into account an intermediate state specific to organic materials. The model is solved numerically by a finite element software. After its validation, it is compared to two existing approaches in the literature. The large number of parameters needed to describe the complex charge generation mechanism requires a robust parameter extraction algorithm, based on the operation of Markov chains, in order to extract these physical parameters from experimental characterizations. The model and the parameter extraction method are then used to study the charge dissociation mechanism of a cell with a newly synthesized molecule. Finally, the temperature evolution of P3HT : PCBM solar cells are simulated and compared to experimental measurements
Haas, Olivier. "Etude des défauts électriquement actifs dans les cellules solaires organiques." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=570d3f0e-b7f0-460b-acca-69de2d97f99f.
Full textThe objective of this work is to study organic solar cells using poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyrate de methyle (P3HT:PCBM) blend as a photoactive layer and to determine the trap parameters in these devices. First, we performed the spectroscopic and morphological characterizations of the polymer thin films and we studied their evolution after aging. The effficiencies of the solar cells using blends of different compositions as an active layer were then determined. For the materials used in this work, the best efficiency was obtained for the blend having a P3HT/PCBM ratio of 1. 25. Structural analyses of the blend films suggested that the cell efficiency depends on the organization of the nano-domains in the blend, which in turn is dependent of the solubility of the organic materials. Analysis of the current-voltage characteristics of the solar cells indicated a space charge limited conduction (SCLC) with a trap filling process. The defect study was completed by making use of the Thermally Stimuleted Current technique and the charge based Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy. The trap parameters were determined for devices using P3HT polymer and P3HT:PCBM blends of different compositions as a photoactive layer. The trap levels of the materials were determined and were compared to those reported in the literature. This study is a original work on the characterization of traps in organic solar cells by performing several techniques which are proved to be adapted for organic semiconductors
Perkhun, Pavlo. "Impression numérique de cellules solaires organiques utilisant des accepteurs nonfullerène." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/210419_PERKHUN_703yd309zqcb447wlo967qvdfy_TH%20(1).pdf.
Full textOver the last decade, the development of so called non-fullerene acceptors (NFA) resulted in power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) exceeding 18%. The most important part of OSCs is the photoactive layer. Hence, the major subject of this thesis work was the development of high efficiency solar cells using ink-jet printing (IJP) of polymer blends based on NFA. A first part of the thesis work was dedicated to processing and device optimization of ITIC- derivatives and corresponding polymer donors such as PCE-12 and PCE-10. Additionally, the nanoscale morphology of NFA based blends was also studied in detail.In the second part of the thesis work to reach the requirements of IJP we studied the impact of the non-halogenated solvents processing of the NFA materials on the photoactive layer morphology. First, we identified o-xylene compatible congeners such as PM6 polymer and ITIC-4F acceptor to study the IJP of such photovoltaic blend in air using a semi-industrial printer allowing to obtain OSCs with the efficiency of 10.12%.In the last chapter of the thesis, the performance of OSCs processed by IJP and doctor blade were optimized for indoor light illumination. In the case of PM6:ITIC-4F blends, solar cells with an efficiency of 14.8% at 200 lux indoor illumination. The use of the polymer PTQ-10 combined with ITIC-4F could further boost the efficiency at 16% under the same illumination conditions
Bejbouji, Habiba. "Optimisation des matériaux des électrodes dans les diodes électroluminescentes organiques et les cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13897/document.
Full textThe optimization of hole injection materials in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs) is reported. Water and organic solvent-based PANIs were used. We have studied the influence of the thickness, the morphology and the conductivity of PANI films in (OPVCs) performances. The results show that the conductivity and the thickness of the PANI film greatly affect (OLED) and (OPVCs) effectiveness. The dopant and the solvent used in the synthesis of PANI dispersion also play an important role. PANI and PEDOT dispersions as well as carbon nanotube were also used as electrodes without ITO. The effect of pH, conductivity, the work function, the nature of the dopant and the solvent in the injection property were analyzed
Braunger, Maria Luisa. "Fabrication et caractérisations électriques de films minces pour les cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3009/document.
Full textIn the area of organic photovoltaics, there is a continuous effort to improve the efficiency of the devices. In order to reach this goal, it is necessary to evaluate the characteristics that influence their performance. Although thin films of conjugated polymers (polythiophene derivatives and low bandgap polymers) have been widely investigated for applications in photovoltaic devices, few studies relate the influence of the nanostructuring of the films in such devices. In this context, the general objective of this work was to analyze the influence of deposition technique of thin films of polythiophene derivatives in organic photovoltaic devices. The Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) technique was compared to the more common spin-coating. The polythiophene films were characterized by electrical transport measurements (current vs. voltage, photoconductivity, cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy), optical spectroscopy (UV-visible and fluorescence) and morphologicaltechniques (atomic force and Brewster angle microscopies, and perfilometry). From the direct current electrical measurements, it could be observed that the LS films are more conducting than the spin-coating ones. From the morphologic point of view, the deposition technique revealed itself to influence on the photovoltaic device’s performance, due to the organization and nanostructuring provided by the LS technique. Preliminary studies were also undertaken on thin films made of low bandgap polymers based on cyclopentadithiophene by using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique
Na área de fotovoltaicos orgânicos há um esforço contínuo no aumento da eficiência dos dispositivos. Para alcançar esse objetivo, é necessária a avaliação das características que influenciam seu desempenho. Embora filmes finos de polímeros conjugados (derivados do politiofeno e polímeros de baixo bandgap) tenham sido amplamente estudados para aplicação em dispositivos fotovoltaicos, são encontrados poucos estudos investigando a influência da nanoestruturação dos filmes nestes dispositivos. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi analisar a influencia da técnica de deposição de filmes finos de derivados do politiofeno em um dispositivo fotovoltaico orgânico. Para isto utilizamos a técnica de Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) em comparação à técnica spin-coating comumente utilizada. Os filmes de politiofeno foram caracterizados por medidas de transporte elétrico (corrente vs. tensão, fotocondutividade, voltametria cíclica e espectroscopia de impedância), espectroscopia óptica (UV-visível e fluorescência) e técnicas morfológicas (microscopias de força atômica e de ângulo de Brewster, e perfilometria). Através das medidas elétricas em corrente contínua observou-se que os filmes LS apresentam maior condutividade elétrica quando comparados com filmes spin-coating. Do ponto de vista morfológico, a técnica de deposição utilizada mostrou ter influencia no desempenho do dispositivo fotovoltaico, devido à organização e nanoestruturação provida pela técnica LS. Estudos preliminares foram também realizados em filmes finos de polímeros de baixo bandgap baseados em ciclopentaditiofeno usando a técnica de Langmuir-Blodgett
Parrenin, Laurie. "Synthèse et formulation d'encres polymères pour couche active de cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0183/document.
Full textThe replacement of halogenated toxic solvents is fundamental in photoactive material processes to make the organic photovoltaic sector viable. Herein the use of nanoparticles made of π-conjugated polymer (PCDTBT) and electron-acceptor(PC71BM) was targeted in order to allow for instance the control of the phase separation between the two materials. Thus composite particles of PCDTBT and PC71BM have been synthesized using two kinds of stabilizers: an anionic surfactant (SDS) and a block copolymer P3HT-b-PEO, as well as without stabilizer. As an example such nanoparticles were integrated as active layer into photovoltaic device enabling a power conversion efficiency of 0.94% from aqueous based inks
Gaume, Julien. "Etude du photovieillissement de matériaux nanocomposites pour l'encapsulation de cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF22173.
Full textThis work was devoted to the study of the photochemical behavior of polymer / clay nanocomposites with the aim to use these nanocomposites in a multilayer organic / inorganic coating for organic solar cells encapsulation. The goal of this work was to obtain polymer / clay nanocomposite films that are flexible, transparent, which can be processed by solution, and that are photochemically stable. In the first part, the characterization of nanocomposites based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has shown their ability to be inserted into a multilayer system, particularly for gas barrier properties. The study of the photochemical behavior of PVA with the identification of photodegradation products allows us to propose a photooxidation mechanism of PVA and to determine the effects of photoageing on the film properties (roughness, permeability, transparency). The insertion of lamellar nanofillers (Montmorillonite, Laponite or Layered Double Hydroxide) in PVA induces different effects (prodegradant or stabilising) depending on the nature of the clay (natural or synthetic). However, in absence of oxygen, the PVA and PVA / clay nanocomposites are very photostable. Finally, encapsulation alternating inorganic SiOx layer and PVA or PVA / clay nanocomposite layer permits to obtain the permeability levels required for organic solar cells in niche markets (consumer electronics)
Jarboui, Adel. "Elaboration, caractérisation et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques des matériaux conducteurs pour les cellules photosolaires organiques solides." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC160.
Full textIn this work, we have develop dye sensitized solar cens namely Grâtzel cells (DSSC), where we have replaced the 1371" redox couple used as hole transporting material (HTM), by a conducting polymer (CP) generated using in situ electro¬assisted photopolymerization (PEP). The use of a CP as HTM, nor the production of CP by PEP of oxidizable monomer do not constitute a novelty. However, innovation in our work consists of two points: i)Use of water as a solvent for the first time, instead of organic ones (acetonitrile) to generate the PC by PEP. The water lowers drastically the oxidation potential of the organic monomers. This lowering of oxidation potential allows to use a commercial monomer 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene instead of its dimer much more expensive, which is used hitherto in for the PEP process because of its low oxidation potential. Ii)Use of purely organic dyes to achieve the PEP process allowing a significant improve of the performance of these cells. Ru-based organometallic dyes were found to be less stable and therefore less effective in the PEP process in both media. The results of our work are unreleased and with this ecological, innovative and easy-to-implement method, we have obtained cells having good yields and the cost of which can be significantly reduced by the use of an organic dye of low-cost synthesis. The redox potentials of each of these two dyes. It emerges that: i) the use of the aqueous medium used to prepare the polymer PEP EDOT monomer, which is almost impossible in organic medium, and ii) that the two parameters to be considered to perform a process in situ PEP leading to a good conductive polymer, are the oxidation potential (or rather of the beginning of oxidation) of the monomer and the redox potential of the dye; the former must be lower than the second. The fourth chapter of the manuscript corresponding to the fourth publication. - Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) and Metal-Free Organic Dyes Two organic dyes and the D35 D21L6 tested and yields of cells obtained are compared with those obtained from to tell-based PEDOP obtained using the Z907. All redox potentials of these dyes are higher than the oxidation potential of EDOP, which is favorable for E CEP in situ process of this monomer. The DSSCs based D35 gives a yield (4. 34%) higher than the yield of cell-based D21L6 (3. 05%) and performance of cells made of Z907 (0. 46%). This difference is attributed to the difference in redox potential of these dyes (D35 1. 16V / SHE D21L6 1. 10 V / V 1. 05 Z907 and ESH / ESH) following the same order of photoconversion efficiencies corresponding DSCs. These results confirm that the oxidation potential of the monomer and the redox potential of the dye are the two parameters that govern the efficiency of a PEP process on a TiO2 electrode modified with a dye and therefore have a direct influence on the photo-conversion efficiency of DSSCs. The manuscript ends with a conclusion in which Mr. Jarboui summarizes the results and presents perspectives. It proposes to continue to study the DSCs with the addition of additives that can improve yields or other monomers low oxidatior potential. These monomers can be studied to improve hole transport in solids DSSCs; eg polycarbazole known for his good character carrier holes
Bejbouji, Habiba. "Optimisation des matériaux d'électrodes dans les diodes électroluminescentes et les cellules solaires organiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01005217.
Full textPeres, Léo. "Cristaux photoniques bidimensionnels pour l'absorption de la lumière dans les cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0377/document.
Full textIn a solar cell, there is a trade-off between light absorption capacity and internal quantum efficiency. In organic semi conductors, charge carrier diffusion is limited to a few hundred nanometers, which implies to work with very thin active layers (< 100 nm). In order to limit the thickness of the material while keeping high light absorption, it is possible to use the properties of photonic crystals (PC) to enhance light matter interaction duration. It consists in forming a PC in or around the active layer, and to excite a resonant mode of the formed photonic structure. The work of this thesis is divided into several parts. In a first approach, using numerical tools, we investigate the phenomena that give rise to absorption enhancement when a plane wave is coupled to a resonant mode of a PC membrane. We then study a nano-structured cell architecture, in which the ITO electrode is periodically patterned, and we optimize absorption enhancement in the thin active layer (50 nm). Finally, in an experimental work, we fabricate two dimensional colloidal crystals formed by dielectric microsphere self assembly
Parbaile, Emilien. "Contribution à l'optimisation des techniques de dépôts sous vide de cellules solaires organiques." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e6a50ed2-0fc2-4a6e-abd4-d838a9507b10/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4061.pdf.
Full textOrganic solar cells are low weight and particularly resistant to shocks (active layer and substrate in plastic). They are suitable for harsh environments such as military environment. Furthermore, conformability of these cells would permit to integrate them in mobile phones and other portable devices requiring high autonomies. The works of this thesis consisted to study different cell structures, improve reproducibility, realize cells with purified materials and make cells on flexible substrates in particular. The realization of cells on such substrates showed that the transition from a rigid substrate to a flexible substrate modifies only slightly the performance. The cells produced and characterized were mainly cells based on CuPc and C60. The deposition techniques used were spin coating and thermal vacuum sublimation. In addition, measurements of incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) showed that they depend on the incident light power. Other IPCE measurements permitted to estimate the phosphorescence time of C60 and determine the charge mobility in the CuPc. A radiometry study on the solar simulator was led in order to allow compare cell efficiencies with those of other laboratories. A method established permits to approach as close as possible the standard of illumination AM1. 5G with the simulator
Destouesse, Élodie. "Vers l'industrialisation de cellules solaires photovoltaïques organiques imprimables à base de semi-conducteurs moléculaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0085/document.
Full textOrganic solar cells are often called “polymer” solar cells. This term comes from the fact that the active layer of such solar cells have been widely made with a donor polymer. The use of polymer inthe active layer gives interesting filming properties that can be used to produce these solar cells industrially with a high speed printing process. Yet, another type of donor materials exists: the small molecules. Deposited by thermal evaporation, this type of materials can allow to reach high efficiency solar cells. Because of their poor filming properties, small molecules were not a good candidate for an industrialization using high speed printing. However, in 2012 several solution processable small molecules were proven particularly promising by demonstrating high efficiency at a laboratory scale.These encouraging results let imagine that it could be possible to produce organic solar cells with such materials. This PhD work has been done in collaboration with ARMOR, a company highly implied in the commercialization of organic solar cells, in order to evaluate if small molecules materials could be use dindustrially with a high speed printing process. The p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 has been chosen for this study. It has been shown that it is possible to reach efficiencies as high as 2 % with such a material, using non toxicsolvents and by making the solar cell in the air with a Doctor Blade. Nevertheless, the industrialization ofthe p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 has not been pursued due to the rapid degradation of this molecule in the air. This work presents a method that can be used to evaluate the industrialization of other efficient small molecules
De, Sousa Samuel. "Ingéniérie, synthèse et étude de chromophores organiques et organométalliques pour cellules solaires à colorant." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952228.
Full textAssunção, da Silva Edilene. "Fabrication et caractérisation de cellules solaires à base de polymères organiques low-bandgap nanostructurés." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3012/document.
Full textPolymeric solar cells attract great interest in this area of research due to the potential low cost, large area fabrication process, light weight physical feature and the possibility of fabricating these cells by several techniques. To achieve good efficiency in the photovoltaic devices the active layer must have an efficient absorption of sunlight. In terms of bandgap, this means that the smaller the bandgap the greater the flux of photons absorbed. One way to accomplish this, with the polymeric materials, is the synthesis of a polymer in which the optical bandgap has the ability to increase the capture of sunlight, the so-called low-bandgap polymers. The organization plays an important role in the performance of devices, including in photovoltaic devices, and the Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) technique provides the ability to manufacture nanostructured films with thickness control, which can serve as a basis for building better devices. In this context, the aim of this work was to synthesize low-bandgap polymers for later manufacturing and characterization of LS films of these polymers and their blends with a fullerene derivative, PCBM, and test them as active layer of solar cells. LS films of such polymers and their blends with PCBM were made and characterization measurements were performed. These films were characterized by electrical (current vs. voltage, impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry), morphology (atomic force microscopy) and optical (ultraviolet-visible, Raman scattering and infrared) measurements. Through the Langmuir films and the morphological measurements, it was possible to observe the specific characteristics of how it is the conformation of each polymer in film form. Optical measurements confirmed the absorption at high wavelengths expected for these polymers. In the electrical measurements the results showed different conductivities for the same materials when the types of electrodes were changed. The photovoltaic devices manufactured from LS technique have not reached good efficiency values. When spin-coated active layers were teste as OPV devices in a controlled atmosphere the efficiency achieved up to 0.6%
Células solares poliméricas atraem grande interesse nessa área de pesquisa, devido ao baixo custo, processo de fabricação de grandes áreas, materiais de manuseio leves e a possibilidade de sua fabricação por diversas técnicas. Para uma boa eficiência dos dispositivos fotovoltaicos, a camada ativa deve conter uma boa absorção da luz solar. Em termos de bandgap, isto quer dizer que quanto menor o bandgap maior o fluxo de fótons absorvidos. Uma maneira de realizar isto com os materiais poliméricos é a síntese de um polímero no qual o bandgap óptico tem a capacidade de aumentar a captura da luz solar, os chamados polímeros low-bandgap. A organização possui um papel importante na performance de dispositivos, inclusive dos fotovoltaicos, e a técnica Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) proporciona a capacidade de fabricar filmes nanoestruturados e com controle de espessura, podendoservir de base para construção de melhores dispositivos. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi sintetizar polímeros low-bandgap e, posteriormente fabricar e caracterizar filmes LS destes polímeros e de suas blendas com um derivado de fulereno, o PCBM, para a aplicação dos mesmos como camada ativa de células solares. Foram fabricados filmes LS dos polímeros e de suas misturas com PCBM e realizadas medidas de caracterização. Estes filmes foram caracterizados por meio de medidas elétricas (corrente vs. Tensão, espectroscopia de impedância e voltametria cíclica), morfológica (microscopia de força atômica) e óptica (Ultravioleta-Visível, Espalhamento Raman e transmissão no infravermelho). Com os filmes de Langmuir e as medidas morfológicas foi possível observar as características específicas de como é a conformação de cada polímero na forma de filme. As medidas ópticas confirmam a absorção em altos comprimentos de onda esperados para estes polímeros. Nas medidas elétricas os resultados mostraram diferentes condutividades para os mesmos materiais quando mudado os tipos de eletrodos. Os dispositivos fotovoltaicos dos filmes LS fabricados não alcançaram bons valores de eficiência. Filmes spin-coating destes polímeros testados como camada ativa dos dispositivos, em atmosfera controlada, revelaram eficiência de até 0.6%
Karpinski, Arkadiusz. "Couches interfaciales TiO2 et NiO déposées par CSD et PVD, pour cellules solaires organiques." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2076.
Full textBou, Adrien. "Electrodes multifeuillets de type oxyde/métal/oxyde à transparence accordable pour cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4367.
Full textAmong all variants of photovoltaic thins films, organic solar cells generate a major industrial interest due to low manufacturing costs, reasonable levels of energy production and suitability to flexible substrates like plastic. ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) is the most used Transparent Conductive Electrode (TCE) for organic solar cells as well as other optoelectronic devices. However, this material is not without drawbacks (scarcity of indium, non-suitability to flexible substrates...), and the search for alternatives to ITO is actively pursued by the international scientific community. One possibility is offered by Oxide|Metal|Oxide multilayer structures. By reaching the thin metal layer percolation threshold and by varying its thickness, it is possible to obtain very high conductivity and transparency of this multilayer in the visible spectral range. The role of both oxide layers is to tune the position, intensity and width of the spectral transmission window by adjusting the oxides’ thicknesses. Coupled experimental and numerical works were lead in particularly on SnOx|Ag|SnOx, TiOx|Ag|TiOx and ZnS|Ag|ZnS structures. By microstructuring such electrodes, or by incorporating a Cu|Ag bilayer as metal sheet at the core of the structure, it is possible to increase the optical performances by amplifying and expanding the spectral transmission window without degrading the high conductivity. The integration of SnOx|Ag|SnOx and TiOx|Ag|TiOx electrodes in inversed organic solar cells was undertaken. Very promising photoelectric results were obtained with the TiOx|Ag|TiOx structure which allows to reach performances close to that obtained with ITO-based reference cells
Bou, Adrien. "Electrodes multifeuillets de type oxyde/métal/oxyde à transparence accordable pour cellules solaires organiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4367.
Full textAmong all variants of photovoltaic thins films, organic solar cells generate a major industrial interest due to low manufacturing costs, reasonable levels of energy production and suitability to flexible substrates like plastic. ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) is the most used Transparent Conductive Electrode (TCE) for organic solar cells as well as other optoelectronic devices. However, this material is not without drawbacks (scarcity of indium, non-suitability to flexible substrates...), and the search for alternatives to ITO is actively pursued by the international scientific community. One possibility is offered by Oxide|Metal|Oxide multilayer structures. By reaching the thin metal layer percolation threshold and by varying its thickness, it is possible to obtain very high conductivity and transparency of this multilayer in the visible spectral range. The role of both oxide layers is to tune the position, intensity and width of the spectral transmission window by adjusting the oxides’ thicknesses. Coupled experimental and numerical works were lead in particularly on SnOx|Ag|SnOx, TiOx|Ag|TiOx and ZnS|Ag|ZnS structures. By microstructuring such electrodes, or by incorporating a Cu|Ag bilayer as metal sheet at the core of the structure, it is possible to increase the optical performances by amplifying and expanding the spectral transmission window without degrading the high conductivity. The integration of SnOx|Ag|SnOx and TiOx|Ag|TiOx electrodes in inversed organic solar cells was undertaken. Very promising photoelectric results were obtained with the TiOx|Ag|TiOx structure which allows to reach performances close to that obtained with ITO-based reference cells
Bettignies, Rémi de. "Cellules photovoltai͏̈ques organiques dérivées de nouveaux systèmes conjugués." Angers, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00112847.
Full textPhotovoltaic cells based on organic semi-conductors are a focus of increasing research effort motivated by the possibility to realize larfe area, light-weight and low-cost flexible solar cells taking advantage of the processability of organic materials. Besides environmental constraints and the predictable exhausting of fossil energy resources, the strong renewal of interest for organic PV conversion has been boosted by the large improvement of the conversion efficiency of organic solar cells accomplished in recent years. The first part of this work consisted in elaborating a reliable experimental protocol allowing the evaluation of new organic semiconducting materials donors and acceptors intended for the realization of solar cells of type heterojunction. The realization of cells based on copper phthalocyanin (CuPc) and of C60, besides already described in the literature, allowed us to validate a set of protocols of elaboration and characterization of the cells. These procedures were then applied to the evaluation of a series of acceptors derived of perylene in cells containing the CuPc as the donor. This second stage allowed us to select two compounds as model acceptors whom we used for the suite of this work. The third and last part of this work concerned the realization of heterojunctions base on new hybrid conjugated oligomeres derived of three basic structures : terthiophene, quaterthiophene and quinquethiophene. We've first tried to establish correlations between the chemical structure of the donors and some of the electric characteristics of the cells. Finally, the experiences of this systematic study contributed to the conception and to the synthesis of new star shaped oligothiophenes acting as donor, by means of whom we were able to realize solar cells which appear among the most effective obtained until now from oligo- and from polythiophenes
Baltagi, Youssef. "Spectroscopis de modulation optique : développement d'un ensemble expérimental et application à la caractérisation de matériaux et d'hétérostructures du système GaInAs/AIInAs épitaxié sur InP." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0096.
Full textIn this work, we study using modulation spectroscopy the optical properties of III-V semiconductor compounds, especially InAlAs / InGaAs based structures. The first part of the work deals with the development of an experimental set up, whose sensitivity is 10-6. This system works between 8K and 600K, in the spectral range 0. 6 to-1. 8 micrometer. In this part we also show the feasibility of a performing prototype. The second part deals with the characterization of bulk InAlAs / InP layers. Using the temperature dependence of the Photore-flectance (PR) spectra we show the existence of a localization in the InAlAs layer due to some clustering effect. Furthennore, we have studied InGaAs/InAlAs single quantum wells. The PR technique is shown to be a powerful tool to characterize the interface and material quality, interface roughness…, and to give a qualitative determination of conduction band offset in this system. In the last part of this work, we apply the PR in order to measure the surface Fermi level in an InAlAs UN+ ( undoped layer grown on a heavily doped n+ layer) structure. The same structures have been used to measure the piezoelectric field in a InGaAs/GaAs strained SQW grown on a polar <111> GaAs substrate
Derouiche, Hassen. "Étude de couches minces de matériaux organiques et applications à la réalisation de cellules solaires." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2025.
Full textRousseau, Théodulf. "Elaboration et caractérisation de cellules solaires organiques à base de nouvelles classes de matériaux actifs." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984367.
Full textSorin, Marie. "Polymères donneur et accepteur d’électrons : synthèse et utilisation comme couche active de cellules solaires organiques." Angers, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01084912.
Full textThe aim of the presented research is the synthesis ofnew electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) copolymersand their use in organic solar cells (OSC). The method chosen to access to such copolymers is the controlled radical polymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). This method is particularly suitable to control the polymerization of a wide range of electron donor and electron acceptor monomers. The first strategy was based on the RAFT polymerization of functional electron donor and acceptor monomers. This strategy led to the preparation of an electron donor polymer poly(vinyltriphenylamine). The difficulty of synthesis and polymerization of electron acceptor monomer based on perylene diimide (PDI)drives us to a second strategy for the synthesis of electron acceptor polymers. This second strategy is based on the chemical modification of random RAFT polymethacrylates-based copolymers. The esterification allowed us to include acids derived from C60 and PDI. The synthesized polymers were then used as the active material in bulk-heterojunction solar cells (BHJ-SC). The copolymer with the C60 groups blocked the thermal degradation of D/A mixture, so this copolymer could find potential application as stabilizer of the active layer of BHJ-SC
Rousseau, Theodulf. "Elaboration et caractérisation de cellules solaires organiques à base de nouvelles classes de matériaux actifs." Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984367.
Full textThis work deals with the preparation and characterization of organic solar cells based on novel classes of soluble molecular donors. The first chapter is devoted to the study of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) and a soluble derivative of fullerene C60. This type of device is used as a model system to analyze the various experimental parameters involved in the fabrication and optimization of organic solar cells. The experimental procedures defined on the basis of these studies have been subsequently applied to the evaluation of two classes of molecular donors namely diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY). The work on DPP-based donors involved the fabrication of various series of bilayer and bulk heterojunction solar cells. The results of these investigations have led to interesting performances and to a better understanding of structure-properties relationships in this family of molecular donors. The last part of this work concerned the study and realization of solar cells based on an original class of molecular donors derived from BODIPY. The characterization of the electronic properties of different families of BODIPYs as well as the preparation and study of several series of solar cells have led to important progress, and power conversion efficiencies among the highest reported so far for molecular BHJ solar cells based on soluble C60 derivative have been obtained. Furthermore, first evidences of cooperative effects in molecular BHJ using multiple donors have also been presented
De, Bettignies Rémi. "CELLULES PHOTOVOLTAÏQUES ORGANIQUES DÉRIVÉES DE NOUVEAUX SYSTÈMES CONJUGUÉS." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00112847.
Full textrecherches motivées par la possibilité de réaliser des cellules solaires de grand surface, flexibles,
légères et bon marché, en profitant de la grande processabilité des matériaux organiques. Face aux
contraintes environnementales et à l'épuisement des ressources d'énergie fossile, le fort regain
d'intérêt pour la conversion PV organique est en grande partie due à la formidable amélioration de
l'efficacité de conversion de cellules solaires organiques accomplies ces dix dernières années.
Dans une première partie de ce travail, nous avons élaboré un protocole expérimental fiable
permettant l'évaluation de nouveaux matériaux semi-conducteurs organiques donneurs et accepteurs
en cellules solaires de type hétérojonction. La réalisation de cellules à base de phthalocyanine de
cuivre (CuPc) et de C60, par ailleurs déjà décrites dans la littérature, nous a permis de valider un
ensemble de protocoles d'élaboration et de caractérisation des cellules.
Ces procédures ont été ensuite appliquées à l'évaluation d'une série d'accepteurs dérivés du
pérylène dans des cellules comportant la CuPc comme donneur. Cette seconde étape nous a ainsi
permis de sélectionner deux composés accepteurs modèles que nous avons utilisés pour la suite de
ce travail.
La troisième et dernière partie de ce travail a porté sur la réalisation d'hétérojonctions à base
de nouveaux oligomères conjugués hybrides dérivés de trois structures de base : terthiophène,
quaterthiophène et quinquethiophène.Tout d'abord, nous avons cherché à établir de premières
corrélations entre la structure chimique des donneurs et certaines des caractéristiques électriques des
cellules. Enfin, les acquis de cette étude systématique ont contribué à la conception et à la synthèse
de nouveaux donneurs issus d'oligothiophènes à structure ramifiée à l‘aide desquels nous avons pu
réaliser des cellules de type hétérojonction qui figurent parmi les plus efficaces obtenues jusqu'à
présent à partir d'oligo- et de polythiophènes.
Morlier, Arnaud. "Propriétés barrières de structures hybrides. Application à l'encapsulation des cellules solaires." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENI056.
Full textMaterials used in organic electronic devices or new generation photovoltaics undergo degradation byoxygen and water. In order to prevent their degradation, the devices should be encapsulated withmaterials showing a low permeability to oxygen and water vapor. For organic solar cellsencapsulation, material permeability to water (WVTR) and oxygen (OTR) should not exceed 10-3 g.m-2.d-1 and 10-3 cm3.m-2.d-1 respectively. The aim of this work is to study and develop a solutionprocessed,flexible, transparent and gas-barrier multilayer inorganic/organic hybrid structure, and tounderstand the mechanisms involved in diffusion limitation through these barriers.Firstly, this work has been dedicated to the realization on a polymer substrate of a thin silicon oxidelayer from an inorganic precursor: the perhydropolysilazane (PHPS). Different precursor conversionpaths have been studied and compared. The best barrier layers on polymer substrate have shownoxygen and water permeabilities of about 0,1 g.m-2.d-1 and 0,1 cm3.m-2.d-1 respectively. This result iscomparable to the permeability of plasma deposited layers.Multilayer hybrid structures have been realized by introducing a polymer layer between inorganiclayers in order to decorrelate the thin layer defects. This achieved permeabilities below 10-2 g.m-2.d-1for water and 10-3 cm3.m-2.d-1 for oxygen.The photovoltaic performances of encapsulated organic solar cells under illumination have beencompared over time. Encapsulation with the best barrier material developed during this work resultedin good device stability.This study has shown that entirely solution-processed barrier materials are a promising option for largescale organic solar cells encapsulation
Berny, Stéphane. "Transferts de charges assistés par les dithiopyrannylidènes dans les cellules solaires organiques et les hétérostructures magnétiques." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066367.
Full textRadbeh, Roshanak. "Réalisation et caractérisation de cellules solaires organiques à couches composites polymères incluant des nanotubes de carbones." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/98be1bcd-7cec-4731-8187-16e3e7b8369e/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4058.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this work is to replace C60 by carbon nanotubes in the fullerenepolymer composites which are currently studied as the active layer in organic solar cells. Considering the shape and the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes, they can be used as electron acceptor materials, such as C60, in solar cells in order to provide better transport of photogenerated charges into the electrodes. To optimize this transportation, nanotube orientation, in the composite, perpendicular to the electrodes was studied. The orientation of nanotubes in a polymer-nanotube (P3HT-NTC) composite was developed by applying an electric field on a planar structure device with interdigited electrodes. The observation by electron microscopy reveals an actual nanotube direction perpendicular to the electrodes, in conditions which depend on electrical characteristics of the field: amplitude, frequency and shape of the signal. Then, the orientation method was transposed to the organic solar cells with sandwich structure by applying the electric field on the electrodes during an annealing temperature near the glass transition of the polymer matrix. A significant increase in the efficiency of organic solar cells can be noted by applying a continuous field. We have obtained an original formulation of the P3HT-PCBM and P3HT-NTC-PCBM composites that led us to obtain PV conversion efficiencies to the state of the art
Garuz, Richard. "Caractérisations optiques (LBIC, LBIV) et validation d’encres pour des cellules et des modules solaires photovoltaïques organiques." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0059/document.
Full textThe work of this thesis is related to the characterization of organic solar cells and is structured in three independant parts :- Within the IMPCELPHOTOR project, we developed an experimental bench based on LBIC/ LBIV mapping, in order to visualize and identify defects within OPV device and modules.- Within the European SPrinTronics project, we worked on the improvement of OPV electrodes. For the top electrode, we selected, tested, and validated metallic inks based on silver nanoparticles compatible with inkjet printing. For the bottom electrode, we tested silver nanowires and carbon nanotubes inks to replace ITO. Satisfactory results have been obtained with an ink based on silver nanowires, which allowed us to obtain functional semi-transparent cells on glass and plastic.- Within the PHASME project, we worked on the visual aspect of a coloured OPV device. We implemented various strategies to change the color of an OPV device without altering its photovoltaic performance, the aim being to achieve full color modules. Simultaneously, we developed a colorimetric software to control and predict the color rendering on the final device (OPV plus filter)
Bekale, Laurent Adonis. "Élaboration de cellules solaires organiques à base de tétra-tert-butyl-phthalocyanine de zinc (TTB-ZnPc)." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5165/1/030350161.pdf.
Full textChakaroun, Mohamad. "Evaluation de nouveaux concepts d'encapsulation des cellules solaires organiques pour l'amélioration de leur durée de vie." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7b88fbd7-3a45-478e-b908-51078838e14e/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4024.pdf.
Full textOrganic electronic devices such as the photovoltaic cells presented in this thesis have several advantages (low cost, flexibility. . . ) but their market viability is limited by their short lifetime in air. The objective of this work is to develop new architectures of organic photovoltaic cells to improve their performance and lifetime. We have developed a new architecture of the ITO/metal/ITO tri-layer anode obtained by ion beam sputtering, which was successfully used in our photovoltaic cells. An optimization of the geometric form of this anode is needed to limit the dissipated power; the structure which is optimized in the form of an isosceles triangle results in the decrease of dissipated losses leading to an improvement of the photovoltaic parameters. Finally, we have designed and fabricated cells incorporating an auto-protected cathode, which yielded a significant improvement of cell lifetime (36 times longer) in air under continuous illumination relative to that of a cell without auto-encapsulation
Tournebize, Aurélien. "Structure électronique et stabilité de matériaux pour le photovoltaïque organique." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22654/document.
Full textThis word was devoted to the stability in various conditions of materials used in the active layer of organic solar cells. The main goals of this work were first to provide deeper understanding about complex mechanisms occurring in the active layer and second to investigate interfacial degradation pathways involving the active layer. A first part was dedicated to the photo and thermal stability of the polymer blend materials which constitute the active layer of the solar cells. A second section focused on the role of the third component of the active layer which can be undesired residual additives coming from the processing or the desired insertion of a stabilizer additive. A third part concerned the delamination issue which takes place at the active layer / hole transporting layer interface. Finally, a last section was devoted to the energy level alignment between the C60 molecules and various electron transporting substrates. The photo and thermal stability of the active layer / electron transporting layer interface was also studied in this section
Gernigon, V. "Utilisation de copolymères à blocs dans les cellules solaires organiques : morphologie, transport de charges et conversion photovoltaïque." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677150.
Full textGernigon, Véronique. "Utilisation de copolymères à blocs dans les cellules solaires organiques : morphologie, transport de charges et conversion photovoltaïque." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744967.
Full textRichler, Kevin-Davis. "Modélisation du couplage électron-vibration dans les cellules solaires organiques : une approche par champ moyen dynamique inhomogène." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY052.
Full textIn this thesis, we have developed an inhomogeneous dynamical mean-field theory (I-DMFT) that is suitable to investigate electron-phonon interactions in non-translationally invariant and/or inhomogeneous systems. The presented approach, whose only assumption is that of a local, site-dependent self-energy, recovers both the exact solution of an electron for a generic random tight-binding Hamiltonian in the non-interacting limit and the DMFT solution for the small polaron problem in translationally invariant systems. To illustrate its full apabilities, we have applied I-DMFT to study polaron formation in the presence of isolated impurities, where we have found that I-DMFT is more accurate than the inhomogeneous momentum average approximation (IMA) and gives quantitative accurate results when compared to the approximation free diagrammatic Monte Carlo calculations. We then use I-DMFT to study the effect of defects embedded on a two-dimensional surface. The computed maps of the local density of states reveal Friedel oscillations, whose periodicity is determined by the polaron mass. This can be of direct relevance for the interpretation of scanning-tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments on systems with sizable electron-lattice interactions. Next, we have focused on the interfacial electron-hole separation mechanism in prototypical organic photovoltaic donor-acceptor systems. Using I-DMFT, we present a fully quantum dynamical simulation of the charge carrier dynamics that considers the interplay of electron-vibration interactions, static-disorder, and electrostatic fields. In particular, these simulations provide the possibility to compute the charge injection rate at the donor-acceptor interface, a quantity of fundamental experimental interest, presenting one first step forward to a long-standing cumbersome challenge in OPV, thereby bridging between chemistry and physics. As a first step, we have applied the I-DMFT to a generic one-dimensional model Hamiltonian, whose parameters model the charge carrier dynamics in prototypical Phenyl- C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) or C60 acceptor systems. Our results show that dynamic potentials (related to polaron formation), when compared to random static po- tentials, can present the main detrimental lose mechanism in OPVs devices. From this perspective, organic molecules with moderate reorganization energies should be used pref- erentially in next-generation materials since increasing the electron-phonon interaction hinders the range of suitable incoming electron energies due to the fragmentation of the local density of states into narrow polaronic sub-bands. As a final step, we have applied the I-DMFT to a generic three-dimensional model Hamiltonian, whose parameters model charge splitting force fields at three-dimensional PCBM and C60 acceptor systems. These fields are sharply peaked over a narrow interphase stemming from the protrusion of small fullerene molecules into the donor domain. We then show that such fields, when dimensioned sufficiently and poled correctly, can provide an uplifting influence on the charge separation efficiency across organic interfaces. From this perspective, materials that present sufficiently and correctly poled strong electrostatic, mesoscale fields should be probed in the design of next-generation OPV devices since such fields extend the range of suitable incoming electron energies and increase the quantum yield. Overall, the easy numerical implementation of I-DMFT and its successful application in treating the charge carrier dynamics at prototypical three-dimensional donor-acceptor systems allows one to study accurately and without further difficulties problems that were previously difficult to access
Aumaitre, Cyril. "Synthèse et études de matériaux organiques absorbeurs visible-proche infrarouge pour la réalisation de cellules solaires hybrides." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV050/document.
Full textOn a global scale, the share of renewable energies in the energy mix is constantly increasing. Based on the principle of photosynthesis, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells are an emerging technology for Building Integration Photovoltaic (BIPV). These hybrid cells use an inorganic semiconductor oxide whose surface is covered with an organic dye. The absorption of the incident light by this dye will cause the injection of an electron from the photo-excited state of the molecule into the conduction band of the oxide. A redox mediator present in the electrolyte will regenerate the oxidized dye and generate a current under illumination. The dyes already described in the literature shows efficiencies reaching 14%. On the other hand, very few of these materials can absorb up to the near infrared range (NIR) (700-1000 nm). Thereby, the absorption of the NIR spectral range could lead to a greater photo-generated current density. In this context, this work presents a complete study of new panchromatic dyes extending into the near infrared range. For this study, the "donor-acceptor" approach was used to obtain the desired optoelectronic properties. A first family based on benzothiadiazole derivatives has been developed leading to very good absorption properties in the NIR region (absorption up to 925 nm). The optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of these materials have been studied in order to understand the limitations for solar cell applications. Following this, a new dye family based on isoindigo derivatives was synthesized and studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy, electrochemistry and DFT simulation. These compounds strongly absorbs in the UV-visible and NIR spectral range up to 848 nm. The dyeing bath composition and the electrolyte formulation were optimized in order to obtain a device conversion efficiency of 5.76%. Photophysical measurements have allowed us to have a fine understanding of the limiting factors of these dyes. On the basis of this observation, we improved the structure of one of the dye and witg this new molecule we reached a power conversion efficiency of 7.0% with a UV-Visible and near infrared absorption for the solar cell. In the last part of this work we have also obtained preliminary results employing various alternative materials to the TiO2/iodine system
Marzouk, Samir. "Synthèse et caractérisation de molécules en haltère à base de phtalocyanines pour l’élaboration de cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE006/document.
Full textThis work reports a series of dumbbell-shaped molecules based on phthalocyanine with an electro-donating character, to be used in organic solar cells. More particularly, the molecules are fully-conjugated triads, made of two zinc phthalocyanine fragments separated by a rigid central dye of different nature (derivative of benzothiadiazole, isoindigo or diketopyrrolopyrrole). The synthesis of the materials was optimized by varying the type of the cross-coupling reactions. The properties of the molecules (absorption, energy levels, structure, charge transport and photovoltaic) were investigated as function of the nature of the central dye and the peripheral ramified chains on the phthalocyanine fragments
Richet, Marina. "Cellules photovoltaïques organiques sur substrat flexible avec électrode supérieure transparente." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0035.
Full textAn organic solar cell is made of a photoactive layer sandwiched between two electrodes among which one at least is transparent. Usually, solar cells are illuminated through the tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) bottom transparent electrode. Nevertheless, many applications like automobile requiring illumination from above the module, we designed photovoltaic cells on a flexible substrate, with an opaque bottom electrode and a top transparent one. Two types of architectures were developed. At first, the final organic solar cell was fully deposited by solution-process with both electrodes made of ink-jet printed PEDOT:PSS. Then the cells were elaborated on a silver bottom electrode with a transparent evaporated oxide/metal/oxide (MoO3/Ag/MoO3) top electrode. The organic solar cells made according to the second structure were connected in series to create an organic photovoltaic module. It allowed to power and shine a white LED