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Academic literature on the topic 'Cellules cancéreuses persistantes'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cellules cancéreuses persistantes"
Nait, Eldjoudi Amina. "Unraveling escape and metastasis mechanisms in triple negative breast cancer following chemotherapy treatment." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS119.
Full textTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype, primarily treated with chemotherapy. However, approximately 50% of patients experience relapse with metastasis within 3 to 5 years post-treatment. To gain insight into the post-chemotherapy escape and metastasis formation of TNBC cancer cells, we established TNBC cell models by treating SUM159-PT and MDA-MB-231 cells with epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, and paclitaxel. simulating clinical protocols. We initially focused on the mitochondrial adaptation of these chemo-persistent cells. MDA-MB-231 cells showed reduced chemosensitivity, associated with increased oxidative phosphorylation and altered tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. In contrast, SUM159-PT cells retained sensitivity. Targeting mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism with UK-5099 re-sensitized persistent cells to therapeutic agents, suggesting a potential strategy to overcome mitochondrial adaptation. Persistent cells exhibited increased migration, invasion, survival in suspension culture, with SUM159-PT cells displaying increased adhesion to endothelial cells. In vivo xenograft studies confirmed these observations, emphasizing increased cell growth and metastatic colonization in vital organs, particularly the brain. The enhanced trophism for brain could be explained by the fact that persistent TNBC cells exhibited increased abilities to transmigrate through BBB, to invade the brain parenchyma and to grow in a brain-like 3D matrix. In a second phase of our study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms facilitating brain metastasis of these persistent cells. proteomic analysis identified upregulated proteins, notably COL1A1, frequently elevated in TNBC patients. Increased COL1A1 correlated with poor prognosis and enhanced metastasis. Inhibition of COL1A1 reduced metastatic potential both in vitro and in vivo, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in preventing brain metastasis post chemotherapy treatment.Collectively, these findings provide insight into the adaptive mechanisms employed by cancer cells in response to chemotherapy, and suggest that targeting mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism may help to overcome the mitochondrial adaptations in TNBC cells. Furthermore, our data illuminate how combined and sequential chemotherapy may increase the metastatic potential of TNBC cells, particularly towards the brain. We have pinpointed COL1A1 as a key factor promoting various stages of brain metastasis formation in chemotherapy-resistant TNBC cells. Additional research is required to elucidate the detailed mechanisms behind COL1A1 overexpression.Using the identical drug regimen, we implemented a short, combined, and sequential treatment to replicate initial proteomic alterations in extracellular vesicles released by persistent TNBC cells. This approach also explored the impact of chemotherapy on angiocrine factors from endothelial cells, suggesting the role of the chemo-induced secretome in evading treatment and facilitating metastasis post-chemotherapy. Although this aspect of our study is currently in its early phases, the findings underscore the necessity for further experimental validation
Perrière, Clémentine. "Effets d’un mélange de polluants organiques persistants sur le métabolisme énergétique de cellules cancéreuses coliques humaines." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P629.
Full textDuring tumorigenesis most of cancer cells exhibit an altered metabolism that is characterized by an elevated uptake of glucose and an increased glycolytic rate; this phenomenon is known as the Warburg effect. Compelling recent evidences suggest that alteration of cellular metabolism is critical during cancer development and constitutes a major feature of aggressive tumour. Considering the recent observations on the impact of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on cell metabolism, we hypothesize that POPs could exert their carcinogenic effects by promoting metabolic alterations that could converge to a metabolic shift supporting a tumoral phenotype. Proliferating colon cancer cells (Caco2) were treated with TCDD (25 nM) or/and α-endosulfan (10 µM), two environmental pollutants mainly produced by human activities and designated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as probably or well-established carcinogenic to humans. A significant decrease of glucose and glutamine oxidation (60%) was observed after a treatment for 48 hours with the two pollutants while each pollutant alone had no significant effect. These observations are correlated with an increased lactate production by two fold. These effects are maintained in the presence of antioxidative NAC (10 mM), suggesting that they are independent of the oxidative status of the cell. We also observed a decreased incorporation of glucose in total lipids (50%). The ATP production and the cell respiration level were significantly decreased by the mixture by about 50% and 80%, respectively. In the same conditions, the glycogen production and the NADPH/NADPH,H+ ratio were unchanged. Taken together, these results suggest that POPs could worsen the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying the POPs-induced metabolic reprograming are under investigation and should provide a better understanding of the signalling pathways involved in POPs action on the regulation of the energetic metabolism balance and their consequence on cancer
Laforgue, Laure. "Migration de cellules cancéreuses dans des gels de collagène 3D." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY093/document.
Full text3D migration of cancer cells plays an essential role in the dissemination of cells during metastasisin cancer. The behavior of cancer cells migrating in a 3D extracellular matrix and its consequences on themicroenvironment are still currently under investigation. The study of the reorganization of the extracellular matrixfibers and more precisely how the fibers move due to the forces that the cell exerts just start to be investigating.We studied how cancer cells migrate in 3D gels using collagen and fibronectin to mimic the extracellularmatrix. We used confocal microscopy to image the actin cytoskeleton of cells in fluorescence and fibers in reflectionover time. In our studies, we used different collagen concentrations and cell lines with different invasivities. Fromthese 3D movies, we determined cancer cell velocities and persistence as a function of collagen gel concentration aswell as cell invasiveness. The cells velocities increase with invasiveness and decrease with collagen concentration.As for persistence, it decreases with collagen concentration but it do not change with cells invasiveness. We alsocalculated the displacement field of the collagen using a volume correlation program. Using this information, westudied the fibers displacement induced by the cell depending on its migration type, its invasivity and the collagenconcentration. We showed norms of fibers deplacement vectors increase with cell invasiveness and decrease withcollagen concentration. Finally, the displacement fields enabled us to determine the migration steps of mesenchymaland amiboid migrations. We discovered 5 steps in mesenchymal migration : cell rest, creation of extension, adhesionof the cell to the fibers, detachment of the cell rear and dissolution of cell/fibers adhesions. 4 steps have beencharacterized in amiboid migration : cell rest, creation of extension, displacement of the cell by pushing on fibersand rotation of the cell. These steps associated with displacement fields are in agreement with litterature and wehighlighted new steps as the rotation of the cell in amiboid migration.Taken together these results enable us to better understand how the migration of cancer cells takes place in a3D matrix
Saunier, Elise. "Impact des xénobiotiques sur la progression tumorale des cellules cancéreuses humaines." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB148.
Full textThe impact of the environment in the development of several human diseases is well established but difficult to evaluate. Humans are chronically exposed to xenobiotics mixture - foreign chemicals substances which are not normally present within the organism – with different nature, concentration and interactions leading to deleterious or beneficial effects on human health. Among these xenobiotics, environmental pollutants play a significant role in the development of some cancers. On the contrary, a natural molecule like resveratrol has anti-cancer properties. During carcinogenesis, tumor cells acquire a reversible metabolic phenotype characterized by a high glycolysis and a massive lactate production with or without oxygen (Warburg effect). The flexibility of the metabolism allows cancer cells to provide sufficient levels of energy, metabolites and cofactors to maintain their tumor phenotype in a fluctuating microenvironment. In this study, the effects of several xenobiotics alone or in a mixture were assessed on human cancer cell progression. In the first part, the effects of 2 persistent organic pollutants acting by different signaling pathways, tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) and a-endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, were studied alone or in a mixture, on human colonic cancer cells (Caco2) progression. We have shown that TCDD (25 nM) and a-endosulfan (10µM) decrease the oxidative capacity of tumor cells. This effect is more pronounced when cells are exposed to the mixture, suggesting a synergistic effect. These alterations are associated with a drastic decrease in mitochondrial respiration, correlated with a strong reduction in the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. These observations are in part linked to a decrease of NDUFS3 gene expression, one of the subunit of the complex I. We have also found that the dysregulation of tumor cell metabolism was associated with an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our data show that pollutants strengthen the Warburg effect associated with an EMT, which suggests that the pollutants affect the progression of the tumor phenotype. The signaling pathways involved in these observations are under investigation. In the second part, we assessed the effects of resveratrol (RSV), a natural compound present among other in wine, on cancer cell progression. This polyphenol has been widely described for its benefits on cancer and its ability to mimic caloric restriction. We have shown that the RSV, with a close concentration of serum doses measured in humans (10 µM), decreases cell proliferation without modulate cell viability. RSV redirects the energy metabolism of tumor cells by increasing their oxidative capacity, decreasing their glycolytic capacity and reducing the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway. We have identified the complex pyruvate dehydrogenase as a target of the RSV and highlighted that the calcium is involved in the regulation of PDH activity. We have also shown that the RSV induces its metabolic effects in part through CamKKß/AMPK signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that the xenobiotics can modulate tumor phenotype, and tumor metabolism, because of its extreme flexibility, is a major target of these modulations
Coudereau, Clément. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle d’un nouveau variant d’histone impliqué dans la sénescence des cellules humaines induite par des dommages persistants à l’ADN, et son rôle potentiel comme biomarqueur de stress lors du vieillissement." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS575/document.
Full textIn mammalian cells, cellular senescence has been defined as a stress response. It is characterized by a stable cell cycle arrest, morphological transformation, a secretion of pro-inflammatory factors termed the SASP (senescence associated secretory phenotype) and the alteration of the chromatin structure. Originally, telomere loss or dysfunction was shown to trigger the onset of senescence. However, the senescence state can also result from inadequate culture conditions, oncogene induction or genotoxic stresses. Work in the lab focuses on mechanisms governing the onset and maintenance of senescence and on the search for new markers of senescence. We have recently identified chromatin modifications and epigenetic regulations during cellular senescence, such as post-translational modifications of histones and changes in the histone variants composition of nucleosomes. Mass spectrometry revealed the accumulation of a specific histone variant in DNA-damage induced senescence. This variant, H2A.J, makes up to 1% of the H2A histone content during proliferation, but reaches 20% of H2A species during deep senescence. The goal of my thesis work was to determine the function of this histone variant. We produced stable human fibroblast cell lines expressing shRNAs silencing the H2A.J gene. Microarray and RNA-sequencing analyses have shown that H2AJ-depleted fibroblasts have an altered transcriptome. In particular, such cells show a greatly delayed derepression in senescence of several SASP genes coding for some key cytokines and chemokines. This result indicates that accumulation of H2A.J in senescence is important for efficient expression of the SASP phenotype. Finally, the accumulation of senescent cells in aged tissues has often been inferred using surrogate markers (DNA damage, SA-B-Galactosidase, etc.). Our data suggest that H2AJ accumulation may be a novel in-vivo biomarker of aging for certain cell types
Virginie, Simon. "NANOMEDECINE EN ONCOLOGIE : Etude des Interactions Entre les Nanoparticules Activables par des Sources d'Energie Electromagnétique Externes et les Cellules Cancéreuses pour Elargir la Fenêtre Thérapeutique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831605.
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