Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellule polmonari'
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ZERBONI, ALESSANDRA. "STUDY ON THE BIO-INTERACTION AND TOXIC EFFECTS OF PARTICLES EMITTED FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES: CONTRIBUTION TO RISK MANAGEMENT." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/314179.
Full textDue to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, air pollution remains a global issue for the 21st century. There is an urgent need to establish the real impact of Particulate Matter (PM) on human health by including the analysis of sources, size distribution, physico-chemical (P-chem) composition, and toxicological mechanisms. Increasing in vitro data for establishing pathways of toxicity in human cell lines exposed to specific air pollutants from rigorously characterized emission sources, could help to improve scientifically sound approaches in health risk characterizations, which finally may result in regulatory actions potentially more effective to protect public health. The aim of this thesis was to study the in vitro effects of particles emitted from different combustion sources using human lung cells, focusing on the relationship between the PM P-chem attributes and the cellular and molecular pathways that drive the toxicity. In vitro models, representative of the human respiratory system, were used to study the bio-interaction and toxicological effects of particles. Different exhaust particles were compared, with special emphasis on fine and ultrafine Particles (UFPs), namely Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) from old and new generation vehicles and on particles emitted from the combustion of solid biomass fuels for residential heating. The emissions from vehicles and biomass-propelled stoves, as well as the PM collection, were performed in collaboration with INNOVHUB SSI (Fuels Department), while the P-chem characterization and toxicological studies were carried out in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT)- POLARIS research centre (Polveri in Ambiente e Rischio per la Salute) and at the Consumer Products Safety Unit of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre. The results of this work show that testing different material sampled in realistic conditions allows evaluating how the toxicity of particles may vary in relation to the source. These data suggest that oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines releases are crucial events after DEP exposure, which can also lead to vascular endothelial activation. Comparing an old generation diesel vehicle without DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) and last generation (or “Euro 6”) one during regeneration of DPF, we proved that Euro 6 is less powerful in activating the biological response, and it is characterized by different metal composition and less concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) than the old generation engine, although the exhaust emission from Euro 6 during DPF regeneration is characterized by a higher number of nucleation-mode particles. DEP emitted from an old generation diesel vehicle was confirmed as a very hazardous component of the urban PM, even when compared to Combustion derived particles (CDPs) from wood burning. However, the possible consequences on human health from chronic exposure to the wood CDPs should not be excluded. Moreover, the co-exposure effects of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles (NPs), representative of non-exhaust sources, and DEP were also evaluated. The co-exposure with DEP can either reduce the toxicity of NPs or enhance it. This finding indicates that the possible interaction of different hazardous airborne particles and the toxicity deriving from the mixture effects should be evaluated.
Davoli, Fabio <1978>. "Carcinoma polmonare non a piccole cellule T1aN0M0: Ruolo prognostico della Microvessel Density." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6341/1/davoli_fabio_tesi.pdf.
Full textObjectives. To evaluate the degree of tumour angiogenesis detected by Microvessel Density (MVD) as a predictor of cancer-related death after surgical treatment in pT1aN0M0 Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (NSCLC). Methods. Demographic, surgical, and histopathological data, including MVD, were recorded for 82 patients (male, 60; female, 22; median age 68; range 36–82) who underwent surgical resection in two different Thoracic Surgery Units between January 2002 and December 2007 for pT1AN0M0 Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer. MVD was assessed by visual count of microvessels immunostained with anti-CD31 monoclonal antibody and defined as the mean count of microvessels per 1-mm2 field area. MVD was then correlated with demographic and tumour-related variables and survival. Results. Fifty-nine lobectomies (72%) and 23 sublobar resections (28%) were performed; a systematic lymphadenectomy was always accomplished. Histopathological findings showed 43 Adenocarcinoma (52%) and 39 Non-adenocarcinoma (48%) pT1aN0M0 patients; mean tumour diameter was 18mm (range 7-20mm). Mean MVD was 161 (CD31/mm2), median=148, range 50-365. A cut-off was established at 150. High-MVDExpression (>150 CD31/mm2) was observed in 40 patients (49%), Low-MVD-Expression (≤ 150 CD31/mm2) in 42 patients (51%). Survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by the log rank test. 5-years survivals were 70% and 95% for, respectively, the High-MVD-Expression-Group and the Low-MVDExpression- Group with a p=0,0041, statistically significant. Univariate analysis revealed type of surgical resection, tumour diameter , major comorbidities and histotype not to be significant predictors of disease-related death. MVD was found to be higher into the Adenocarcinoma-group (median MVD=180) versus the Non- Adenocarcinoma group (median MVD=125), with a statistically significant Mann-Whitney test (p < 0,0001). According to the Adenocarcinoma-subgroup, 5-years survival rates were 66% and 93% for, respectively, High-MVD-Expression and Low-MVD-Expression patients (p=0,043 statistically significant). Conclusions. Our study indicated that Microvessel Density assessed with CD31 immunostaining has a relevant prognostic value in early lung cancer pT1aN0M0.
Davoli, Fabio <1978>. "Carcinoma polmonare non a piccole cellule T1aN0M0: Ruolo prognostico della Microvessel Density." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6341/.
Full textObjectives. To evaluate the degree of tumour angiogenesis detected by Microvessel Density (MVD) as a predictor of cancer-related death after surgical treatment in pT1aN0M0 Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (NSCLC). Methods. Demographic, surgical, and histopathological data, including MVD, were recorded for 82 patients (male, 60; female, 22; median age 68; range 36–82) who underwent surgical resection in two different Thoracic Surgery Units between January 2002 and December 2007 for pT1AN0M0 Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer. MVD was assessed by visual count of microvessels immunostained with anti-CD31 monoclonal antibody and defined as the mean count of microvessels per 1-mm2 field area. MVD was then correlated with demographic and tumour-related variables and survival. Results. Fifty-nine lobectomies (72%) and 23 sublobar resections (28%) were performed; a systematic lymphadenectomy was always accomplished. Histopathological findings showed 43 Adenocarcinoma (52%) and 39 Non-adenocarcinoma (48%) pT1aN0M0 patients; mean tumour diameter was 18mm (range 7-20mm). Mean MVD was 161 (CD31/mm2), median=148, range 50-365. A cut-off was established at 150. High-MVDExpression (>150 CD31/mm2) was observed in 40 patients (49%), Low-MVD-Expression (≤ 150 CD31/mm2) in 42 patients (51%). Survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by the log rank test. 5-years survivals were 70% and 95% for, respectively, the High-MVD-Expression-Group and the Low-MVDExpression- Group with a p=0,0041, statistically significant. Univariate analysis revealed type of surgical resection, tumour diameter , major comorbidities and histotype not to be significant predictors of disease-related death. MVD was found to be higher into the Adenocarcinoma-group (median MVD=180) versus the Non- Adenocarcinoma group (median MVD=125), with a statistically significant Mann-Whitney test (p < 0,0001). According to the Adenocarcinoma-subgroup, 5-years survival rates were 66% and 93% for, respectively, High-MVD-Expression and Low-MVD-Expression patients (p=0,043 statistically significant). Conclusions. Our study indicated that Microvessel Density assessed with CD31 immunostaining has a relevant prognostic value in early lung cancer pT1aN0M0.
Morganti, Stefano. "Identificazione dell'enzima Nicotinamide N-Metiltrasferasi quale marker molecolare del carcinoma polmonare non a piccole cellule." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242767.
Full textLung cancer is the most common neoplasm worldwide and the leading cause of tumor death. Improvements in surgery and therapy, as well as the discovery of new and effective markers for an early diagnosis, are necessary to increase the overall survival rate. This study is focused on the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). NNMT expression levels were evaluated in tumor, tumor-adjacent and surrounding tissue samples of 36 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) by Real-Time PCR, Western blot analysis, catalytic activity assay and immunohistochemical analysis. To explore the involvement of NNMT in tumor cell metabolism, we evaluated the effect of shRNA-mediated inhibition of NNMT on cell proliferation and tumorigenic potential of A549 lung cancer cell line. Results obtained showed NNMT upregulation (mRNA and protein) in tumor compared with both tumor-adjacent and surrounding tissue. Moreover, NSCLC displayed significantly higher activity levels than those determined in both tumor-adjacent and surrounding tissue. Interestingly, both tumor-adjacent and surrounding tissue samples of unfavorable cases (N+) seem to display higher activity levels than those of favorable NSCLCs (N0), suggesting that normal-looking tissue of unfavorable cases seems to change toward cancer. NNMT downregulation significantly inhibited cell proliferation and reduced colony formation ability on soft agar. Reported data indicate that NNMT represents a molecular marker for non-small cell lung carcinoma and support the hypothesis that it could play an important role in tumor growth and invasion. Further studies may establish whether NNMT could represent a target for an effective anti-cancer therapy.
Brand, Thomas. "Studio della correlazione fra la percentuale di cellule neoplastiche mutate in EGFR e la risposta a farmaci TKI nell'adenocarcinoma polmonare." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11148/.
Full textAmico, Donatella. "Effetti biologici degli autoanticorpi anti-recettore del PDGF isolati dai pazienti sclerodermici sulle cellule muscolari lisce umane di arteria polmonare." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242036.
Full textMicrovasculature damage is one of the earliest events in the onset of Scleroderma (SSc, Systemic sclerosis). Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been recognized as important signaling molecules in the vascular wall. The NADPH oxidase family is the major source of ROS in the vasculature. Between the various existing NADPH oxidase isoformes, NOX4 is the predominant form in vascular smooth muscle cells. Since we have already identified the presence of anti PDGF receptor (PDGFR) stimulatory antibodies in patients with Systemic Sclerosis, in this study we sought to investigate the effects of these autoantibodies on human vascular smooth muscle cells (HPASMC), in order to understand the biological effects and the implication of ROS and NOX4. With this work we were able to show ex vivo that SSc is characterized by excessive oxidative stress and upregulation of NOX4 within the vascular wall. In vitro, Scleroderma immunoglobulins induce ROS production in HPASMC. This effect is mediated through the PDGFR and NOX4. Furthermore PDGF and SSc immunoglobulins mediate NOX4 upregulation which in turns determines a ROS mediated mitogenic and pro-migratory effect on human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and a significant induction in collagen I (alpha1) gene expression. In conclusion Anti PDGFR autoantibodies may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease through their effects on vascular damage typically observed in Scleroderma.
Galetta, Domenico <1971>. "Profilo farmacogenetico di determinanti molecolari dell'attività di cisplatino e gemcitabina in pazienti affetti da tumore polmonare non a piccole cellule." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2000/1/GALETTA_DOMENICO_tesi.pdf.
Full textGaletta, Domenico <1971>. "Profilo farmacogenetico di determinanti molecolari dell'attività di cisplatino e gemcitabina in pazienti affetti da tumore polmonare non a piccole cellule." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2000/.
Full textGrisafi, Davide. "Possibile impiego delle cellule staminali del fluido amniotico per la riparazione del danno polmonare in un modello animale per broncodiplasia: valutazione in vitro e in vivo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426276.
Full textPrivitera, Giovanna. "Studio di nuovi approcci farmacologici in grado di inibire l'attivazione dei recettori del fattore di crescita epidermico (EGF) in linee cellulari di carcinoma polmonare non a piccole cellule (NSCLC)." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1436.
Full textQUAQUARINI, ERICA. "FATTORI CLINICI DI EFFICACIA DELLE TERAPIE IMMUNOTERAPICHE ANTI-PD-1/PD-L1 IN PAZIENTI AFFETTI DA CARCINOMA POLMONARE NON A PICCOLE CELLULE IN STADIO AVANZATO: STUDIO REAL-LIFE MULTICENTRICO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1434016.
Full textSeveral clinical studies have evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer. However, there are still many uncertainties regarding the selection of the patients who could benefit the most from this treatment. In a context in which there is a slow but constant improvement in the prognosis of a disease traditionally considered poor in the short term, the weight of those variables, above all "clinical" ones, linked to the patient and his non-oncological anamnesis, can contribute to predicting the benefit of treatments as well as their potential toxic effects. The present study aims to evaluate in an unselected population the prognostic and predictive weight of different humoral variables (histology and PD-L1 value on tumour biopsy, presence of anemia, LDH value, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio) and clinical ones (performance status, age, smoking status, type of anemia corrections, disease sites, comorbid burden) in patients with advanced NSCLC candidates to receive immunotherapy according to AIFA indications. A total of 166 patients from two University Hospitals of Pavia were enrolled. The median age of the entire population was 68.5 years. 71% of the patients were male and 29% female. 92% were active smokers or former smokers. About half of the patients (45-18%) had an ECOG PS score of 0, while 43.37% had an ECOG PS score of 1 and 11.45% of 2-3. 25.3% of patients had squamous NSCLC, while 74.7% had non-squamous carcinoma, histotype adenocarcinoma. 27.16% of patients had an immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 on tumour biopsy <1%, 45.68% between 1 and 49%, 44% ≥ 50%. At the start of immunotherapy treatment, most of the patients (76.51%) presented with stage IV disease. Nivolumab was administered to 50% of patients, pembrolizumab to 34%, atezolizumab to less than 4% and durvalumab to 12% of patients. In most cases, patients received immunotherapy treatment in the 2nd (57.23%) or 3rd (13.86%) line of treatment. About 50% of patients had anemia at the start of treatment and in most cases the cause of the anemia was the underlying chronic disease. Concerning the sites of disease of interest, about 12% of patients had brain metastases, 11% liver disease, 23% skeletal metastasis, 87% lymph node metastasis and 9% pleural metastasis. The results of this study show that immunotherapy is confirmed to be an effective and well tolerated treatment in an unselected population of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Our study suggests that some clinical variables are particularly influencing the probability of response to treatment as well as the risk of progression at 6 months and the risk of death at 6 and 12 months. These variables are represented by the patient's performance status, the immunohistochemical expression value of PDL 1 on the tumour piece, the presence of anemia before starting treatment and the LDH values and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. In an era in which research is focusing on prognostic or predictive tumour molecular alterations as well as tumour mutational burden, this study highlights how the clinical characteristics of the patient are still an influential basis for predicting the response and the prognosis to oncological treatments, even more with immune checkpoint inhibitors, in which patient's immune system must guide the response to the treatment itself.
Forgiarini, Alessia. "Tossicità di inquinanti ambientali correlati ai processi di incenerimento dei rifiuti solidi urbani: studio dei meccanismi molecolari su cellule del tratto respiratorio." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423654.
Full textI moderni stili di vita portano alla produzione di una grande quantità di rifiuti, che tende costantemente ad aumentare (McKay, 2002). Il modo più efficace per tentare di risolvere questo problema è quello di ridurne il volume. Gli odierni inceneritori di rifiuti solidi urbani sono in grado di diminuire il volume e la massa dei rifiuti, ma le sostanze che vengono emesse possono essere altamente tossiche. I sottoprodotti che si formano, in particolare la frazione più leggera delle ceneri (Fly Ash), possono contenere alte quantità di metalli pesanti volatili, come Cd, Pb e Zn, oltre a diossine e furani (Yao et al., 2012). Il particolato atmosferico (PM) è un importante fattore di rischio ambientale e per la salute. Molti studi epidemiologici hanno infatti evidenziato una correlazione diretta tra l’esposizione al PM e l’insorgere di infezioni respiratorie acute, tumore polmonare e malattie croniche del tratto respiratorio e del sistema cardiovascolare (de Kok et al., 2006). Il Fly Ash, raccolto dal filtro a manica dell’inceneritore dei rifiuti solidi urbani di Bolzano, è stato utilizzato come modello di miscela di particelle a composizione complessa rilasciata in atmosfera, al fine di studiare il meccanismo delle risposte biologiche precoci di cellule epiteliali polmonari umane BEAS-2B e A549. Sono stati inoltre studiati alcuni campioni ottenuti da filtri di aria posti in diverse posizioni della città di Bolzano. Le analisi chimico-fisiche hanno permesso di identificare e quantificare gli inquinanti presenti, mentre i test in vitro di valutare gli effetti tossici del Fly Ash (Frazione Totale) e dei campioni d'aria. Gli studi hanno riguardato anche gli effetti di alcune frazioni derivate dal Fly Ash: Frazione Idrosolubile, Non-Idrosolubile e DMSO-solubile. L’esposizione alla Frazione Totale ha indotto una riduzione concentrazione-dipendente della crescita cellulare (in modo particolare delle cellule BEAS-2B) e un’aumentata produzione di ROS. Lo stress ossidativo indotto è stato confermato anche dalla diminuzione del contenuto di tGSH e dall’induzione dell’eme ossigenasi-1. Inoltre è in grado di innescare risposte infiammatorie con attivazione di NF-kB e aumento dei livelli di IL-6 e IL-8. I dati hanno confermato una forte correlazione tra la composizione dei campioni e i loro effetti biologici, infatti le frazioni Totale e Non-Idrosolubile si sono rivelate quelle più tossiche, mentre le frazioni Idrosolubile e DMSO-solubile sono quelle meno attive. Il pre-trattamento delle cellule con l'antiossidante N-acetilcisteina inibisce nettamente la produzione di ROS, la riduzione dei livelli di tGSH e la secrezione di IL, confermando così il coinvolgimento dello stress ossidativo nei meccanismi di tossicità indotti dal Fly Ash. I risultati ottenuti studiando alcuni campioni ottenuti da filtri di aria posti in diverse posizioni della città, sottolineano innanzitutto la buona efficienza dei sistemi di filtrazione dei fumi dell’inceneritore, in grado di diminuire notevolmente la quantità di IPA, diossine e soprattutto metalli emessi in atmosfera e quindi di limitarne i possibili danni. Tra i campioni studiati, influenzati in maniera più o meno importante dalla presenza di diverse fonti di emissione, tra cui l’inceneritore, solo quello ottenuto dal filtro posto a camino dell’impianto è in grado di attivare un’importante risposta ossidativa e infiammatoria, indicando un significativo contributo delle emissioni, in ogni caso inferiori ai limiti imposti dalle vigenti normative.
MARCHETTI, SARA. "A CASE STUDY ON COMBUSTION-DERIVED PARTICLES: EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON HUMAN PULMONARY CELL LINES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/261925.
Full textAirborne pollution is a noteworthy environmental and health threat. It has been classified as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) and greatly contributes to increased morbidity, mortality and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases exacerbation. Air pollution can be generated both by natural and anthropogenic sources. Among anthropogenic sources the main contributors are diesel exhaust and biomass-derived particles. Several experimental and epidemiological studies have been performed on traffic-related and biomass burning-derived particles as chief contributors to the adverse health effects reported after exposure to particulate matter (PM). These studies describe the particle toxicological effects reporting different responses on the biological endpoints investigated on in vitro and in vivo systems. PM properties indeed may vary depending on several parameters, including emission sources. According to the different emission sources, particles can show different physico-chemical properties, such as size, shape, surface area, solubility and chemical composition. All these properties might seriously affect the biological reactivity and thus the final impact on human health. Nevertheless, our knowledge on the different biological responses and molecular mechanisms triggered by particles with variable physico-chemical properties is still poor. In the present thesis, the cytotoxic, genotoxic and pro-carcinogenic properties of particles collected during combustion of different biomass and diesel sources (CDPs) have been investigated: - biomass particles collected from the emission of a heating system operating with pellet, charcoal or wood respectively; - diesel exhaust ultrafine particles (DEP) directly sampled from a Euro IV vehicle run over a chassis dyno. In the first part of the work, attention was given to particles collected from biomass combustion. The role possibly played by biomass particles collected during the combustion of different fuels under identical conditions in the same stove (commonly used) on different toxicological and pro-carcinogenesis processes was investigated. To further explore the relative role of the particle core versus particle-adsorbed compounds in the lung epithelial cells response, the respective organic fractions and the remaining washed particles were also tested. Two different cell lines were used to assess biomass effects after acute and prolonged exposure: A549 alveolar epithelial cells (Chapters 1 and 2) and HBEC-3KT bronchial epithelial cells (Chapter 3). In the second part of the work (Chapter 4), the biological effects induced by diesel combustion particles (DEP) were described, focusing on their health hazard at both respiratory and vascular levels. Moreover, a possible molecular mechanism leading to cardiovascular effects induced by DEP has been explored. In conclusion, the present thesis points out the central role of the particle chemical composition in generating significant adverse outcomes. These results demonstrated that particles from different emission sources and fuels may differently affect human health at respiratory and cardiovascular levels according to their composition. Thus, advanced strategies are needed to reduce the biological impact triggered by the emission of diesel engine and biomass-propelled heating systems and prevent harmful health effects.
POGGI, CAMILLA. "Adenocarcinoma polmonare: interazione tra microambiente e cellule staminali mesenchimali." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1309501.
Full textPASSARO, ANTONIO. "Valutazione prospettica di una signature circolante come fattore predittivo di risposta nel carcinoma polmonare non a piccole cellule (NSCLC) trattato con Nivolumab in seconda linea." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1062357.
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