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Journal articles on the topic 'Cellular telephon systems'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

McEliece, R. J., and K. N. Sivarajan. "Performance limits for channelized cellular telephone systems." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 40, no. 1 (1994): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.272452.

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2

Newman, Steven A. "Cellular-Telephone Use and Brain Tumors." Evidence-Based Eye Care 2, no. 4 (October 2001): 198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132578-200110000-00006.

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3

Janssen, J., K. Kilakos, and O. Marcotte. "Fixed preference channel assignment for cellular telephone systems." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 48, no. 2 (March 1999): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.752578.

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4

Simon, R. W., R. B. Hammond, S. J. Berkowitz, and B. A. Willemsen. "Superconducting microwave filter systems for cellular telephone base stations." Proceedings of the IEEE 92, no. 10 (October 2004): 1585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2004.833661.

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5

Lyda, Laramée, Virginia M. Osborne, Pamela Coleman, and Beth Rienzi. "Age and Distraction by Telephone Conversation in Task Performance: Implications for Use of Cellular Telephones While Driving." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 2 (April 2002): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.2.391.

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Predicted to diminish task performance were (a) distraction by telephone conversation and (b) older age. 38 participants pointed to letters on a randomized or alphabetized letter matrix during distraction by telephone conversation or no distraction. In a within-subjects design telephone conversation negatively affected completion time but there were no age differences. Implications for cellular telephone use while driving are discussed.

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6

Bird, Judith. "Cellular technology in telephones." Data Processing 27, no. 8 (October 1985): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-684x(85)90234-5.

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7

Ming Zhang and T. S. P. Yum. "Comparisons of channel-assignment strategies in cellular mobile telephone systems." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 38, no. 4 (1989): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.45483.

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8

Bakry, Saad Haj, and Naim Zawawi. "An initial zone-splitting design method for cellular telephone systems." International Journal of Network Management 9, no. 5 (September 1999): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1190(199909/10)9:5<291::aid-nem332>3.0.co;2-a.

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9

Istepanian, Robert H., B. Woodward, E. Gorilas, and P. A. Balos. "Design of mobile telemedicine systems using GSM and IS-54 cellular telephone standards." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 4, no. 1_suppl (March 1998): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633981931579.

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This paper presents an overview of the design of mobile telemedical systems using cellular telephone channels. A mobile telemedicine communication system was studied using both the GSM and the IS-54 standards, which are the most widely used commercial cellular telephone systems in Europe and North America, respectively. A simulation using a photoplethesmography signal showed successful transmssion of data with bit error rates of less than 10-7 at the receiver for the IS-54 standard and less than 10-5 for the GSM standard, depending on the mobile channel conditions used.

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10

Scholl, B. J., N. S. Noles, V. Pasheva, and R. Sussman. "Talking on a cellular telephone dramatically increases 'sustained inattentional blindness'." Journal of Vision 3, no. 9 (March 16, 2010): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/3.9.156.

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11

Nakamoto, Hidetomo. "Telemedicine System for Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 27, no. 2_suppl (June 2007): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080702702s03.

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Over recent decades, rapid progress in information and telecommunications technology has led to the application of these technologies in the medical field. In 1999, we reported on a telemedicine system (version 1.0) that used an automated peritoneal dialysis machine to collect data on patients with end-stage renal disease. After 2002, we focused on using cellular telephones in a new telemedicine system (version 2.0) to monitor patient data at home, including blood pressure (BP), heart rate, body weight, urine volume, and blood glucose. By 2003, we had developed a fully automatic system called I-converter (version 3.0) to collect data from a fully automatic device and send it via cellular telephone. After the fully automatic device measures a patient's BP, I-converter sends the data directly to the main server in our central data center. That server is directly connected to Web site by application service provider (ASP) technology. Recently, to make the system simpler, we developed a new version called D-converter (version 4.0). The telephone used in this new system is a Personal Handy-phone System (PHS). The PHS has several advantages: high-speed data transmission, low power output, little electromagnetic interference with medical devices, and easy locating of patients. The D-converter system uses a small computer and a PHS card called a Dopa card. Our telemedicine systems monitor continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients at home. For elderly and handicapped patients, these systems are very advantageous because they reduce visits to the outpatient clinic. In addition, data can be monitored at the patient's home in real time. The present paper reports our recent advances in telemedicine systems for CAPD patients.

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12

TRINKAUS, JOHN. "USAGE OF CELLULAR TELEPHONES: AN INFORMAL LOOK." Perceptual and Motor Skills 71, no. 7 (1990): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.71.7.1375-1376.

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13

Trinkaus, John. "Usage of Cellular Telephones: An Informal Look." Perceptual and Motor Skills 71, no. 3_suppl (December 1990): 1375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1990.71.3f.1375.

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14

King, John Leslie, and Joel West. "Ma Bell's orphan: US cellular telephony, 1947–1996." Telecommunications Policy 26, no. 3-4 (April 2002): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-5961(02)00008-3.

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15

Sugimachi, Mitsuhiko, Seiji Kawasaki, Fumio Nagumo, and Jutaro Tadano. "Cellular Telephone-Aided Real-Time Reporting System for Emergency Laboratory Test Results." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 7, no. 4 (August 2002): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535-04-00211-4.

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The authors established a system for real-time reporting of clinical laboratory test results utilizing the mailing function of a cellular telephone service. The reporting system is composed of systems for sample transportation and automatic analysis, verification of test results, and reporting of test results. The introduction of the system has completely eliminated time delays at all stages of the laboratory testing process from start of testing to reporting of the test result. This has enabled doctors to receive test results in a timely manner wherever they are and to respond promptly to the patient condition.

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16

Englisher, Larry S., Susan Bregman, Stephen Pepin, and Alicia Powell Wilson. "Promoting Advanced Traveler Information Systems Among Cellular and Land-Line Phone Users: SmarTraveler Experience in Boston." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1588, no. 1 (January 1997): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1588-08.

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In 1993 the SmarTraveler advanced traveler information system (ATIS) was introduced to travelers in the greater Boston area as part of an operational test jointly funded by FHWA and the Massachusetts Executive Office of Transportation and Construction. The service offers real-time, route-specific travel information by phone for major highways and public transit. During the 3-year test period from January 1993 to January 1996, service usage grew to nearly 60,000 calls per week, made by an average of more than 20,000 users. To achieve this growth, SmarTraveler was marketed to both cellular and land-line phone users using a variety of strategies over the course of the test. Evaluation and monitoring studies were commissioned to examine the degree to which users responded to SmarTraveler and the marketing program. The evaluation included extensive surveys of users and nonusers as well as tracking of calls and call frequency. The findings of the independent evaluation team on the success of various promotional efforts associated with the SmarTraveler operational test are presented. Overall, the marketing program aimed at the broad target market during the first 2 years appears to have been only partly successful in increasing the public’s level of awareness of SmarTraveler, in convincing its target market of SmarTraveler’s superiority to radio and TV travel reports, and in inducing trials. As a result of the second-year evaluation, changes were made to marketing and pricing during the third year of operation to target cellular telephone users. Further surveys were conducted to examine cellular telephone user response to these changes. SmarTraveler experienced a large increase in calls and users in the third year, especially in the cellular telephone market. Among the survey findings was that this market is quite price sensitive.

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17

Kinoshita, Yasuaki, Toshiki Tsuychiya, and Sinya Ohnuki. "A common air interface between wide-area cordless telephone and urban cellular radio: Frequency channel doubly-reused cellular systems." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 77, no. 8 (August 1994): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecja.4410770810.

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18

Hikita, M., Y. Ishida, T. Tabuchi, and K. Kurosawa. "Miniature SAW antenna duplexer for 800-MHz portable telephone used in cellular radio systems." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 36, no. 6 (June 1988): 1047–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.3631.

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19

Barcelo-Arroyo, Francisco, and Israel Martin-Escalona. "A Survey on Classical Teletraffic Models and Network Planning Issues for Cellular Telephony." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 5, no. 4 (October 2009): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2009091701.

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Research on traffic characterization and analysis of cellular networks has been very active in the past decades. However, it is difficult for networks planners to incorporate new results to network engineering. On the one hand, some models are very complex and need advanced programming and skills to be properly computed. On the other hand, reliability on those models is poor because there is a general lack of published field studies to corroborate them. This paper proposes simple well-known teletraffic models for cellular networks compared to the conventional Erlang-B frequently applied when a first estimate is needed. To this purpose, the latest results on the characterization of the arrival process and service time in cellular systems are reviewed. According to the arrival and service characteristics, three models are proposed to obtain a first approach to the performance characteristics of the cellular system. The first two models are extremely simple, allowing direct computation of performance through closed formulas, while the third requires simple programming.

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20

Avdeev, Vladimir B., O. A. Bulychev, A. N. Katrusha, N. I. Kozachok, V. V. Mateiko, S. N. Panychev, and V. N. Rudakov. "Methods and Technologies for Jamming Radio-Telephones in Cellular and Trunking Communication Systems." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 67, no. 13 (2008): 1189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v67.i13.60.

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21

Hong, D., and S. S. Rappaport. "Priority oriented channel access for cellular systems serving vehicular and portable radio telephones." IEE Proceedings I Communications, Speech and Vision 136, no. 5 (1989): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-i-2.1989.0051.

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22

Gomes, Sofia, and João M. Lopes. "ICT Access and Entrepreneurship in the Open Innovation Dynamic Context: Evidence from OECD Countries." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8020102.

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In recent decades, entrepreneurship has become increasingly important for innovation and economic growth. However, few studies demonstrate the role of information and communication technology systems (ICT) in promoting entrepreneurship, and even fewer studies show that ICT is a crucial resource for entrepreneurs. This study examines the direct influence of ICTs on entrepreneurial activity in OECD countries in the context of the open innovation dynamic. Based on an unbalanced dynamic longitudinal panel of data, we conclude that access to ICTs (mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions, individuals using the internet, and fixed-broadband subscriptions) positively influences Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA). However, the importance of ICTs for entrepreneurial activity is not equal, with mobile-cellular telephones having the strongest influence on the rate of new firm creation, followed by fixed-broadband, and internet access. This study contributes to the rationale of resource-based theory by demonstrating that ICTs are a valuable resource for boosting the capabilities for creating, collecting, processing, and interpreting information, which is vital for entrepreneurial activity. On the other hand, this study attempts to suppress an existing gap in the literature due to the still scarce studies demonstrating how macro-level ICTs affect the creation of new firms in countries. Finally, it contributed to empirically substantiating the relationship between open innovation dynamic and entrepreneurship, as very few studies do.

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23

BERGENTI, FEDERICO, and AGOSTINO POGGI. "UBIQUITOUS INFORMATION AGENTS." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 11, no. 03n04 (September 2002): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843002000571.

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Ubiquity is one of the most important keyword of the next generation software systems. We want our systems to follow users wherever they go, and we want our systems to extend their reach to the telephony world and to its base of several hundred million users. The ever-increasing diffusion of handy appliances, e.g. palmtops and cellular phones, is familiarizing people with the use of computers for their everyday job and, more impressively, for their everyday life. This suggests that the market of software systems for mobile applications will increase dramatically in the near future.

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24

Bakry, Saad Haj, and Mohammad K. Samarkandy. "A simplified approach for the investigation of the traffic capacity of cellular mobile radio telephone systems." Computers & Electrical Engineering 18, no. 2 (March 1992): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7906(92)90005-x.

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25

Young, Darrin J. "Micromachining for rf Communications." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 4 (April 2001): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.74.

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The increasing demand for wireless communication applications, such as cellular and cordless telephones, wireless data networks, and global positioning systems, motivates a growing interest in building miniature radio transceivers that can support multistandard capabilities. Such transceivers will greatly enhance the convenience and accessibility of various wireless services.

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26

Coloma, Germán. "The effect of the Telefonica–BellSouth merger on the Argentine cellular telephone market." Telecommunications Policy 31, no. 8-9 (September 2007): 541–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2007.07.002.

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27

Istepanian, Robert H., B. Woodward, P. A. Balos, and S. Chen. "The comparative performance of mobile telemedical systems based on the IS-54 and GSM cellular telephone standards." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 5, no. 2 (May 6, 1999): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633991933396.

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28

Croker, S. L., J. T. Dew, S. L. Hornibrook, and B. W. Kelly. "Methodology for Automated Contact Tracing using Cellular Telephone Locational Records, Geographic Information Systems, and Social Network Analysis." American Journal of Epidemiology 163, suppl_11 (June 1, 2006): S227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s227-b.

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29

Daehyoung Hong and S. S. Rappaport. "Traffic model and performance analysis for cellular mobile radio telephone systems with prioritized and nonprioritized handoff procedures." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 35, no. 3 (August 1986): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/t-vt.1986.24076.

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30

Forte, Andrea G., Wei Wang, Luca Veltri, and Gianluigi Ferrari. "A Next-Generation Core Network Architecture for Mobile Networks." Future Internet 11, no. 7 (July 9, 2019): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11070152.

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Over the years, the cellular mobile network has evolved from a wireless plain telephone system to a very complex system providing telephone service, Internet connectivity and many interworking capabilities with other networks. Its air interface performance has increased drastically over time, leading to high throughput and low latency. Changes to the core network, however, have been slow and incremental, with increased complexity worsened by the necessity of backwards-compatibility with older-generation systems such as the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM). In this paper, a new virtualized Peer-to-Peer (P2P) core network architecture is presented. The key idea of our approach is that each user is assigned a private virtualized copy of the whole core network. This enables a higher degree of security and novel services that are not possible in today’s architecture. We describe the new architecture, focusing on its main elements, IP addressing, message flows, mobility management, and scalability. Furthermore, we will show some significant advantages this new architecture introduces. Finally, we investigate the performance of our architecture by analyzing voice-call traffic available in a database of a large U.S. cellular network provider.

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31

Seung Wan Ryu, Seong-Lyun Kim, S. S. Rappaport, and D. Hong. "Comments on "Teletraffic model and performance analysis for cellular mobile radio telephone systems with prioritized and nonprioritized handoff procedures"." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 46, no. 4 (November 1997): 1057–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.653079.

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32

Daehyoung Hong and S. S. Rappaport. "Comments on "Traffic model and performance analysis for cellular mobile radio telephone systems with prioritized and nonprioritized handoff procedures"." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 49, no. 5 (September 2000): 2037–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.892605.

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33

Przesmycki, Rafał, and Marek Bugaj. "Crescent Microstrip Antenna for LTE-U and 5G Systems." Electronics 11, no. 8 (April 9, 2022): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11081201.

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The field of wireless cellular network technology has seen a significant development in recent years, allowing the emergence of many new applications in addition to the traditional mobile phone calls. We are currently implementing the 5G system, which is replacing the previous cellular technologies on the market. Parallel to the development of cellular technologies, wireless local networks based on the IEEE 802.11× standards are rapidly spreading. The desire to use the advantages of both mobile telephony and wireless local networks has led to the idea of integrating the currently used communication systems in one device and requires a well-designed antenna, which should be given a lot of attention when designing the radio system. This article presents the proposed model of a two-band microstrip antenna for which the main assumption is its operating frequencies in the LTE-U (LTE-Unlicensed) band and one of the 5G system bands. The antenna dimensions and parameters have been calculated, simulated, and optimized using CST Microwave Studio software. The developed antenna has a compact structure with dimensions of (60 × 40 × 1.57) mm. The dielectric material RT Duroid 5880 with a dielectric constant εr = 2.2 and thickness h = 1.57 mm was used as a substrate for the antenna construction. The article presents an analysis of the results of simulation and measurements of selected electrical parameters and radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna. The antenna described in the article, working in 5G systems and LTE-U systems, is characterized by two operating bands with center frequencies equal to 3.52 GHz and 5.37 GHz, a low reflection coefficient (for resonances −31.54 dB and −23.16 dB), a gain value of 4.45 dBi, a wide frequency band of 3.0 GHz (68.18%), and a high energy efficiency in the range of 80–96.68%.

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34

Losavio, Michael, Deborah Wilson, and Adel Elmaghraby. "Prevalence, Use, and Evidentiary Issues of Digital Evidence of Cellular Telephone Consumer and Small-Scale Digital Devices." Journal of Digital Forensic Practice 1, no. 4 (June 22, 2007): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567280701418080.

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35

Eisele, William L., and Laurence R. Rilett. "Travel-Time Estimates Obtained from Intelligent Transportation Systems and Instrumented Test Vehicles: Statistical Comparison." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1804, no. 1 (January 2002): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1804-02.

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Accurate estimation of travel time is necessary for monitoring the performance of the transportation system. Often, travel times are estimated indirectly by using instantaneous speeds from inductance loop detectors and making a number of assumptions. Although these travel times may be acceptable estimates for uncongested conditions, they may have significant error during congested periods. Travel times also may be obtained directly from intelligent transportation systems (ITS) data sources such as automatic vehicle identification (AVI). In addition, mobile cellular telephones have been touted as a means for obtaining this information automatically. Data sources that collect travel-time estimates directly provide travel-time data for both real-time and off-line transportation system monitoring. Instrumented test vehicle runs are often performed to obtain travel-time estimates for system monitoring and other transportation applications. Distance measuring instruments (DMIs) are a common method of instrumentation for test vehicles. DMI travel-time estimates are compared with AVI travel-time estimates by using a variety of statistical approaches. The results indicate that the travel-time estimates from test vehicles instrumented with DMI are within 1% of travel-time estimates from AVI along the study corridor. These results reflect that DMI is an accurate instrumented test vehicle technology and, more important, AVI data sources can replace traditional system monitoring data collection methods when there is adequate tag penetration and infrastructure. A method for identifying instrumented test vehicle drivers who may require additional data collection training is provided. The described procedures are applicable to any instrumented vehicle technique (e.g., the Global Positioning System) in comparison to any ITS data source that directly estimates travel time (e.g., mobile cellular telephones).

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36

Tomic, Peter. "Method for Metallization Stripping of Gold Interconnected Semiconductors Using an Aqueous Potassium Iodide Solution." Microscopy Today 10, no. 5 (September 2002): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500058302.

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Thin films in microcircuits can vary from as little a few hundred angstroms, in the case of dielectrics such as silicon nitride and silicon dioxide, to several microns in the case of interconnects. However, most metallization systems used as interconnects and in active structures are generally in the order of 0.5 μm to 4 μm. Gold has a number of desirable properties such as high electrical conductivity, the ability to be easily electroplated, low residual stress after deposition, corrosion resistance etc., Gold is commonly found in microelectronic devices, particularly in high frequency applications like cellular telephony, fiber-optic amplifiers and other high frequency analog applications. An aqueous potassium iodide solution offers a fast and relatively safe method for the removal of thin gold films.

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37

Boroš, Martin, Matej Kučera, and Ladislav Mariš. "USE OF MOBILE NETWORKS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROTECTING PERSONS AND PROPERTY." CBU International Conference Proceedings 7 (September 30, 2019): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v7.1472.

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Mobile networks have been around us for decades, and life without them is difficult to reconstruct. Their gradual evolution has varied over time, depending on the requirements of their users. Originally, they were used only for the transmission of telephony, but transmission in the speech band today is mainly used for data transmission and telephony is in moderate attenuation. Various types of data can be transmitted via mobile networks due to their size or importance. In the area of security, mobile networks are used from two basic points of view. The first aspect is the use for communication between the components of the electrical security system and the second is the transmission of information from the monitored object to the monitoring and alarm receiving center. The aim of the paper will be to point out the composition of mobile networks focusing on the functioning of cellular systems and the course of communication between individual parts of the system. The main view will be to the base station of the system without which the functionality of the system would not be possible. In addition to the principle of functionality, we will also focus on utilizing the possibilities of information transmission via mobile networks in terms of property protection and we will focus on the possibility of their use in the future.

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38

Al-Khateeb, Khalid A. S., and Wajdi F. Al-Khateeb. "DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VCO FOR STANDARD GSM USING MEMS." IIUM Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (May 26, 2010): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v11i1.40.

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The design of a prototype monolithic Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) electronic circuits, namely the Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCOs) is presented. The components can achieve the stringent requirements of wireless communication applications such as GSM cellular telephony. The VCO meets the low phase noise specifications of -136 dBc/Hz at large offset frequency of 3MHz, over the appropriate frequency range. The model of the monolithic VCO is based on the topology of the Colpitts Oscillator. It is relatively less complicated, which facilitates the practical integration of the MEMS components into the configuration. The variable capacitor and the monolithic 3-D coil inductor are suitable for low phase-noise and low power consumption at the application frequencies. A PSpice simulation model was developed with MEMS switching devices that can be integrated into the system. The model helps in determining the design parameters, which affect the performance and operation reliability of the RF transceiver system, for which a prototype has been tested and proved successful.

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39

HUSSEIN, GAMAL A., MOSTAFA A. NOFAL, MOAWAD I. DESSOUKY, OSAMA ALY ORABY, WALEED AL-HANAFY, ABD EL-NASER A. MOHAMED, IBRAHIM M. ELDOKANY, EL-SAYED M. EL-RABAIE, SALEH A. ALSHEBEILI, and FATHI E. ABD EL-SAMIE. "SUPPORTING DISTRESS SIGNALS OVER LOW EARTH ORBIT MOBILE SATELLITE SYSTEMS FOR EMERGENCY INFORMATION ACQUISITION." International Journal of Information Acquisition 09, no. 03n04 (September 2013): 1350018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219878913500186.

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Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems allow a broad range of services to be provided using small, lightweight, cellular-like portable telephones. Exploiting LEO satellites to support distress signals for aircrafts, ships and international travelers is explored in the current paper. A multi-service priority-oriented algorithm is proposed for handling voice, data and emergency signals over LEO satellites. The emergency signal is privileged with service priority so that rescue operation can be carried out as soon as possible. The priority mechanism includes channel reservation as well as joining a queue if no free channel is available as long as the request is roaming in the handover area. In addition, a simplified but efficient approach is suggested for locating the object of an imminent danger situation. As LEO satellites are non-geostationary, the visible period of each spot-beam is small. Consequently, a teletraffic model, that accommodates the mobility of spot-beams as well as the resulting handover rate, is developed in order to gauge the performance of the proposed algorithm. Numerical results for access denying and service-dropping rates are presented for nominal system parameters.

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40

Bennett, Devon, Hamid Jahankhani, Mohammad Dastbaz, and Hossein Jahankhani. "A Secure Hybrid Network Solution to Enhance the Resilience of the UK Government National Critical Infrastructure TETRA Deployment." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 5, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jisp.2011010101.

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In developed economies, electronic communication infrastructures are crucial for daily public, private, and business interactions. Cellular systems are extensively used for business communications, private interaction, and in some cases, public information services, via such uses as mass SMS messaging. The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is at the core of all communications platforms. It was used primarily for voice communication purposes, but with current technological advances, this platform has been transformed from a voice to voice interface to a web enabled multimedia platform that provides commercial, business, and e-commerce services to the public. In response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist acts in New York City, the UK government introduced a policy of separating and transferring all emergency communication traffic from the PSTN to a digital public safety network based on the TETRA architecture. This paper extends the utilisation of the TETRA deployment by discussing a secure MANET hybrid solution for use in extreme situations as a short/mid-term EMS organisational communication platform for emergency and rescue operations.

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Faisal, Mohammad, Sohail Abbas, Haseeb Ur Rahman, Muhammad Zahid Khan, and Arif Ur Rahman. "An Analysis of DDoS Attacks on the Instant Messengers." Security and Communication Networks 2019 (October 30, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1751285.

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Latest technologies of voice over IP (VoIP) and mobile messaging for smartphones messengers such as WhatsApp, Viber, Skype, etc., offer free-of-charge facilities of worldwide SMS, MMS, and voice calls to their users, unlike the traditional and expensive cellular or telephone networks’ services. Customers of the formerly mentioned messengers are estimated in millions because of the attractive features offered by them. However, these messengers face many cyber security threats and the required security features are either not available at all or are insufficient for efficiently countering the threats. Professionals working in the domain of cyber security are challenged by the devastating effects of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on all major platforms including Apple Macintosh, Windows, Unix, and Linux. In this paper, we demonstrate the effect of DDoS attack on the performance of an IRC server using a test bed. We use a game theoretic model to analyze the feasibility of DDoS attacks on the IRC platform, keeping in view the attacker’s objective. The analysis will help the security experts to propose appropriate countermeasures to reduce the attackers’ utility, thereby making it less attractive for those attackers to launch the attack.

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FARAG, EMAD N., MOHAMED I. ELMASRY, MOHAMED N. SALEH, and NABIL M. ELNADY. "A TWO-LEVEL HIERARCHICAL MOBILE NETWORK: STRUCTURE AND NETWORK CONTROL." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 03, no. 04 (December 1996): 325–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539396000211.

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The increase in demand for mobile telecommunication systems, and the limited bandwidth allocated to these systems, have led to systems with smaller cell dimensions, which in turn led to the increase of control messages. In order to prevent controller bottle necks, it is desirable to distribute the network control functions throughout the network. To satisfy this requirement, a mobile network structure characterized by its hierarchical and decentralized network control is presented in this paper. The area served by the mobile system is divided into regions, and the regions are further divided into cells. Each cell is served by a base station, each base station is connected to a regional network through a base station interface unit (BIU). Each region has its own regional network. Connected to each regional network are the cellular controller, the home database, the visitor database, the trunk interface unit (TIU) and the gateway interface unit (GIU). The TIU connects the regional network to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). The GIU connects the regional network to other regional networks through the gateway network. This architecture distributes the network control functions among a large number of processing elements, thus preventing controller bottle necks — a problem faced by centralized controlled systems. The information and network control messages are transferred in the form of packets across this network. Processes inherent to the operation of this network structure are illustrated and discussed. These processes include the location update process, the setting up of a call, the handoff process (both the intra-region handoff process and the inter-region handoff process are considered), and the process of terminating a call.

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Adekar, R. H., and A. K. Kureshi. "Performance Analysis of Heterogeneous Systems Ieee 802.11 and Ieee 802.16 Using Spectrum Sharing Mechanism." Advanced Engineering Forum 44 (January 17, 2022): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.44.127.

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After the advent of cellular standards for mobile wireless voice telephony and data transfer, IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 standards evolved for wireless broadband data transfer. The IEEE 802.11 replaced the wired LAN and IEEE 802.16 was to wireless point-to-point provide broadband data transfer. IEEE 802.11 operates in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands whereas IEEE 802.11, which was initially designed to operate on a licensed band, later switched to a 2-11 GHz band. However, both these standards used a 5 GHz unlicensed band for transmission causing the possible overlap of channels. The designed protocols fairly allow the sharing on an ad-hoc basis. IEEE 802.11 operated in distributed coordination mode using Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) and point coordinated mode using a dedicated coordinator node called Point Coordination Function (PCF). However, DCF mode allows spectrum sharing for multiple users. Both standards were not designed for coexistence and thereby they may cause interference to each other, degrading their performance. Mechanisms can be designed at various layers such as MAC or PHY to enable the coexistence with desired QoS. In this paper, a performance analysis of the impact of possible interference between IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 devices is presented. Therefore, this paper presents the approaches for allowing a reliable operation between IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.11 when both are sharing unlicensed spectrum 5GHz. In this paper, we propose advancements to the MAC of IEEE 802.16 Base Station (BS) where IEEE 802.11 frame transmissions are not required by an IEEE 802.16 system. Here, Co-existence between IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 is permitted without any exchange of data between both standards, and also it provides quality of service for both systems operating at unlicensed spectrum 5GHz.

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Thilmany, Jean. "Staring Down the Divide." Mechanical Engineering 125, no. 08 (August 1, 2003): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2003-aug-2.

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This article highlights that electrical and mechanical engineers work together on products like cell phones; on the contrary, their software programs do not work like this anymore. Like cellular telephones and computers, all products made up of a combination of printed circuit boards and shaped materials like plastics require a rather tight degree of cooperation among mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, and finite element analysts. But today’s computer-aided design and finite element analysis technology is not advanced enough to let them work as skillfully together as they might. Engineers and analysts still need to translate their designs into a neutral file format in order to pass files between their different software systems, and much can be lost in translation. But a number of engineering software developers are refining products to break down some of those barriers. Electrical and mechanical engineers commonly use the software to work together on projects like the design of fan-cooled computer central processing units and how they are anchored using already-specified techniques that the mechanical engineer has programmed into the system.

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Ding, Kevin, Patrick J. Sur, Mbiarikai Agbor Mbianyor, Melissa Carvalho, Rasheedat Oke, Fanny Nadia Dissak-Delon, Magdalene Signe-Tanjong, et al. "Mobile telephone follow-up assessment of postdischarge death and disability due to trauma in Cameroon: a prospective cohort study." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (April 2022): e056433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056433.

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ObjectivesIn Cameroon, long-term outcomes after discharge from trauma are largely unknown, limiting our ability to identify opportunities to reduce the burden of injury. In this study, we evaluated injury-related death and disability in Cameroonian trauma patients over a 6-month period after hospital discharge.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingFour hospitals in the Littoral and Southwest regions of Cameroon.ParticipantsA total of 1914 patients entered the study, 1304 were successfully contacted. Inclusion criteria were patients discharged after being treated for traumatic injury at each of four participating hospitals during a 20-month period. Those who did not possess a cellular phone or were unable to provide a phone number were excluded.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe Glasgow Outcome Scale—Extended (GOSE) was administered to trauma patients at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months post discharge. Median GOSE scores for each timepoint were compared and regression analyses were performed to determine associations with death and disability.ResultsOf 71 deaths recorded, 90% occurred by 2 weeks post discharge. At 6 months, 22% of patients still experienced severe disability. Median (IQR) GOSE scores at the four timepoints were 4 (3–7), 5 (4–8), 7 (4–8) and 7 (5–8), respectively, (p<0.01). Older age was associated with greater odds of postdischarge disability (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.41) and mortality (OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.52 to 3.04), while higher education was associated with decreased odds of disability (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.73) and mortality (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.47). Open fractures (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.18) and closed fractures (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.42 to 2.36) were associated with greater postdischarge disability, while higher Injury Severity Score (OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 2.13 to 2.79) and neurological injuries (OR: 4.40, 95% CI: 3.25 to 5.96) were associated with greater odds of postdischarge mortality.ConclusionMobile follow-up data show significant morbidity and mortality, particularly for orthopaedic and neurologic injuries, up to 6 months following trauma discharge. These results highlight the need for reliable follow-up systems in Cameroon.

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Cuevas-Terrones, Rodrigo, Josefina Castañeda-Camacho, Germán Ardul Muñoz-Hernández, and Ignacio Enrique Zaldívar-Huerta. "Evaluation of the Digital Data Performance Transmission on a Fiber-Radio System." Electronics 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020378.

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This work shows a set of numerical simulations to evaluate the digital data performance transmission for a fiber-radio system. For this goal, VPI Photonics software is used to simulate the transmission of a digital signal at a bit rate of 2.4 GHz through an optical link of 25 km of single-mode standard fiber (SM-SF). Whereas MATLAB software is utilized to emulate a wireless channel considering four main phenomena inherent to this channel, such as multipath and slow fading, co-channel interference, and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The modeling carried out in MATLAB considers a user in movement within its coverage area cell. The constellation diagram, bit error rate (BER), and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) statistical tests are used to evaluate the performance of this approach. This proposal finds potential applications in the field of cellular telephony, the Internet of Things (IoT), or any other communication system to evaluate the quality of the delivered signal to a user in motion within a particular coverage cell.

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Jimoh, Ahmed. "Determination of Transmission Coefficient and Electric Field Distribution of Rice Husk/ Pcl Composites Using Finite Element Method for Microwave Devices." April 2022 2, no. 2 (June 16, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/janset.2022.6647.

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Material thickness is one factor that is considered in the selection of materials for usage in microwave applications. The demand for microwaves technology is widely needed in modern applications such as cellular telephone, satellite communication, radar system, global positioning system, and microwave remote sensing systems. Experiments and results abound for microwave properties determination for inorganic materials. Focus has recently been shifted to agricultural waste composite for microwave application. It is on this basis that this work primarily focuses on investigates microwave transmission coefficients and electric field visualization of different rice husk/PCL sizes placed inside a rectangular waveguide using the finite element method (FEM). Determination of the transmission coefficient for different thickness of rice husk/PCL composites were performed at X-band frequency using FEM. The thicknesses for the rice husk/PCL composites simulated were 10, 15, 20, 30, and 50 mm. The results of the simulation for the transmission coefficient revealed that the 50 mm composites had the lowest value of 0.148468 for the transmission coefficient at 12 GHz while the electric field visualization showed that the 50 mm composites have the least value of electric field intensity. The results confirms that the 50 mm thick sample absorbs the highest radiation. Based on the results obtained, all sample thickness can be used for microwave dummies.

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Pakhomov, Yu, N. Shulga, and L. Piddubna. "ON THE QUESTION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES IN AUTOMATED GAS SUPPLY SYSTEMS." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 161 (March 26, 2021): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-1-161-267-273.

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The topical issues of development of automated control systems of gas control stations (GCS) and ways of reliable and economical functioning of the gas supply system in modern conditions have been considered in the article. The implementation of European innovative technologies, which are associated with using the modern equipment, telemetry tools to transmit the equipment operation parameters to the dispatcher control panel are the one of the ways to increase the safety and efficiency of GCS performance. The characteristic of the modern complex of telemetry, the raising of efficiency, reliability and safe operation of the gas supply systems due to the possibility of monitoring, technological control and management from the central dispatcher control room are given. The complex of telemetry helps to prevent emergency situations at facilities and to ensure control over unauthorized entry into the GCS premises by unauthorized persons. The article discusses the use of the automated system of operative-dispatching management (ASODM). It is a multi-level automated system that ensures the reliable functioning of the gas supply system at all levels of the hierarchy. It has been shown that the result of the creation of the ASODM are equipping of the control object with microprocessor control and management devices, the integration of various automation tools into a single information management system. It has been proven that the development of ASODM of GCS on the basis of local control and management modules using traditional approaches to creation of automation systems and using the cellular telephone communication as data transmission channels based on GSM-technologies are most rational. The digital control device, which is made on the technological platform of the programmable logic integrated circuit (PLIC), is the main element of the local control and management module. Digital control device (PLIC controller) is a relatively inexpensive and reliable equipment in an automated local GCS control system. The method of data transmission via GSM / GPRS wireless communication channel is considered. The use of GSM-modems and GPRS technology allows to remove restrictions on the distance of data transmission, as well as allows to fully automate the process of transmission and processing of information. The use of GSM / GPRS-technologies in the vehicles of the emergency dispatch service is also shown. The dispatcher can fully monitor the movement of the car with registration on the map of the city where the car is located.

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Ramdas, Kevin, Ben Hitchinson, Lisa McClain-Moss, Keyvan Yousefi, Liliana Diaz, Jorge Ruiz, Joshua Hare, and Anthony Oliva. "A Phase 2b Clinical Trial Assessing Lomecel-B Infusion in Individuals with Aging Frailty: Study Design and Rationale." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2522.

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Abstract Frailty is a common and important geriatric syndrome characterized by age-associated declines in physiology and function across multiple organ systems, which lead to increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. A biological mechanism that underlies the decline in physical function associated with aging frailty is chronic inflammation. The MSCs in Lomecel-B have immuno-modulatory capacity and control inflammation and the cytokine production of lymphocytes. An individual’s endogenous stem cell production decreases with age, this decrease likely contributes to reduced ability to regenerate and repair organs and tissues. Aging Frailty represents an exciting potential indication for cellular based therapies like Lomecel-B. This study is intended to evaluate the effects of Lomecel-B infusion compared to placebo on mobility and exercise tolerance, patient-reported physical function assessments and biomarkers for inflammation in individuals with Aging Frailty. This is a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled, parallel multi-arm multicenter study enrolling adults aged 70-85 years identified as mildly or moderately frail per the CSHA Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), with reduced six minute walk test (6MWT) and elevated Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), at screening. 150 subjects (30 per group) were randomized to receive a single peripheral intravenous infusion of 25, 50, 100, or 200 million doses, or placebo. Safety and efficacy assessments were conducted at 30, 90, 180, and 270 days after infusion. A follow up telephone call to subjects was placed at 365 days. We describe the design and rationale in detail of this 2b study assessing the effects of Lomecel-B on older adults with Aging Frailty.

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Estrela, Vania V. "SDR-Based High-Definition Video Transmission for Biomedical Engineering." Medical Technologies Journal 4, no. 3 (December 7, 2020): 584–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26415/2572-004x-vol4iss3p584-585.

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Background: Software-Defined Radio (SDR) frameworks from cellular telephone base stations, e.g., Multiservice Distributed Access System (MDAS) and small cells, employ extensively integrated RF agile transceivers. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is the collection of medical devices and applications that connect to healthcare IT systems through online computer networks. Medical devices equipped with Wi-Fi allow M2M communication, which is the backbone of IoMT and associated devices linked to cloud platforms containing stored data to be analyzed. Examples of IoMT include remote patient monitoring of people with chronic or long-term conditions, tracking patient medication orders and the location of patients admitted to hospitals, and patients' wearables to send info to caregivers. Infusion pumps connected to dashboards and hospital beds rigged with sensors measuring patients' vital signs are medical devices that can be converted to or deployed as IoMT technology. Methods: This work proposes an SDR architecture to allow wireless High-Definition (HD) video broadcast for biomedical applications. This text examines a Wideband Wireless Video (WWV) signal chain implementation using the transceivers, the data transmitted volume, the matching occupied RF bandwidth, the communication distance, the transmitter’s power, and the implementation of the PHY layer as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with test results to evade RF interference. Results: As the IoMT grows, the amount of possible IoMT uses increases. Many mobile devices employ Near Field Communication (NFC) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags allowing them to share data with IT systems. RFID tags in medical equipment and supplies allow hospital staff can remain aware of the quantities they have in stock. The practice of using IoMT devices to observe patients in their homes remotely is also known as telemedicine. This kind of treatment spares patients from traveling to healthcare facilities whenever they have a medical question or change in their condition. Conclusion: An SDR-based HD biomedical video transmission is proposed, with its benefits and disadvantages for biomedical WWV are discussed. The security of IoMT sensitive data is a developing concern for healthcare providers.

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