Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cellular Polymer Foams

Academic literature on the topic 'Cellular Polymer Foams'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cellular Polymer Foams"

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Du, Changling, David Anthony Fikhman, and Mary Beth Browning Monroe. "Shape Memory Polymer Foams with Phenolic Acid-Based Antioxidant Properties." Antioxidants 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061105.

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Phenolic acids (PAs) are natural antioxidant agents in the plant kingdom that are part of the human diet. The introduction of naturally occurring PAs into the network of synthetic shape memory polymer (SMP) polyurethane (PU) foams during foam fabrication can impart antioxidant properties to the resulting scaffolds. In previous work, PA-containing SMP foams were synthesized to provide materials that retained the desirable shape memory properties of SMP PU foams with additional antimicrobial properties that were derived from PAs. Here, we explore the impact of PA incorporation on SMP foam antioxidant properties. We investigated the antioxidant effects of PA-containing SMP foams in terms of in vitro oxidative degradation resistance and cellular antioxidant activity. The PA foams showed surprising variability; p-coumaric acid (PCA)-based SMP foams exhibited the most potent antioxidant properties in terms of slowing oxidative degradation in H2O2. However, PCA foams did not effectively reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in short-term cellular assays. Vanillic acid (VA)- and ferulic acid (FA)-based SMP foams slowed oxidative degradation in H2O2 to lesser extents than the PCA foams, but they demonstrated higher capabilities for scavenging ROS to alter cellular activity. All PA foams exhibited a continuous release of PAs over two weeks. Based on these results, we hypothesize that PAs must be released from SMP foams to provide adequate antioxidant properties; slower release may enable higher resistance to long-term oxidative degradation, and faster release may result in higher cellular antioxidant effects. Overall, PCA, VA, and FA foams provide a new tool for tuning oxidative degradation rates and extending potential foam lifetime in the wound. VA and FA foams induced cellular antioxidant activity that could help promote wound healing by scavenging ROS and protecting cells. This work could contribute a wound dressing material that safely releases antimicrobial and antioxidant PAs into the wound at a continuous rate to ideally improve healing outcomes. Furthermore, this methodology could be applied to other oxidatively degradable biomaterial systems to enhance control over degradation rates and to provide multifunctional scaffolds for healing.
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Woolley, W. D. "Are Foams a Fire Hazard?" Cellular Polymers 4, no. 2 (March 1985): 81–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248938500400201.

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Over the last decade growing concern has been voiced about the fire hazards of cellular polymers used in building and transport applications. Some of this concern is justified as illustrated by recent fires and experimental simulations where rapid fire development has occurred with potential for death or injury from the spread of combustion products within very short periods of time. Many technical difficulties have arisen in the use of synthetic foams. Their introduction has presented problems since the test methods used traditionally to assess performance have been somewhat inadequate to cope effectively with the new properties of polymers and polymer composites. Major progress is being made in understanding the fire behaviour of cellular polymers. This involves studies of ignitability, flame spread, heat release, and the production of smoke and toxic gases. In parallel to this, important technical advances have been made by industry in the development of new formulations of cellular materials and composites with improved fire behaviour. It is now time to bring together the current knowledge of all aspects of cellular polymers in fire so that further applications of these materials can continue safely allowing full use of their potential for improving the comfort and efficiency of our lives. This paper examines the basic problems which have occurred during the use of cellular polymers with regard to fire. Recent fire scenarios which have attracted attention to cellular materials and the ways the hazard is being addressed and mitigated are discussed. To aid this the paper also examines the basic mechanisms of burning of the polymers and the associated hazard to life. Finally it should be emphasised that much of this paper is directed, intentionally, to understanding circumstances where untoward events may occur to place life in jeopardy. This approach is necessary for the elimination of potentially hazardous situations and to enable the continuing use of cellular polymers in a safe way.
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Suethao, Supitta, Darshil U. Shah, and Wirasak Smitthipong. "Recent Progress in Processing Functionally Graded Polymer Foams." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 13, 2020): 4060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184060.

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Polymer foams are an important class of engineering material that are finding diverse applications, including as structural parts in automotive industry, insulation in construction, core materials for sandwich composites, and cushioning in mattresses. The vast majority of these manufactured foams are homogeneous with respect to porosity and structural properties. In contrast, while cellular materials are also ubiquitous in nature, nature mostly fabricates heterogeneous foams, e.g., cellulosic plant stems like bamboo, or a human femur bone. Foams with such engineered porosity distribution (graded density structure) have useful property gradients and are referred to as functionally graded foams. Functionally graded polymer foams are one of the key emerging innovations in polymer foam technology. They allow enhancement in properties such as energy absorption, more efficient use of material, and better design for specific applications, such as helmets and tissue restorative scaffolds. Here, following an overview of key processing parameters for polymer foams, we explore recent developments in processing functionally graded polymer foams and their emerging structures and properties. Processes can be as simple as utilizing different surface materials from which the foam forms, to as complex as using microfluidics. We also highlight principal challenges that need addressing in future research, the key one being development of viable generic processes that allow (complete) control and tailoring of porosity distribution on an application-by-application basis.
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Hamdi, Ouassim, and Denis Rodrigue. "Auxetic Polymer Foams: Production, Modeling and Applications." Current Applied Polymer Science 4, no. 3 (December 2021): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2452271604666211130123921.

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: Auxetic materials have high potential due to their exceptional properties resulting from a negative Poisson’s ratio. Recently, several auxetic polymer-based materials have been developed. In fact, several applications are looking for a lightweight material (less material consumed in production and transport) while having high mechanical performances (impact absorption, rigidity, strength, resistance, etc.). So, a balance between density and toughness/strength is highly important, especially for military, sporting, and transport applications. So auxetic materials (especially foams) can provide high impact protection while limiting the material’s weight. This article presents a review of recent advances with a focus on auxetic polymers, with particular emphasis on the auxetic polymer foams in terms of their fabrication methods and processing conditions (depending on the nature of the cellular structure), the effect of the fabrication parameters on their final properties, as well as their models and potential applications.
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Kishimoto, Satoshi, Toru Shimizu, Fu Xing Yin, Kimiyoshi Naito, and Yoshihisa Tanaka. "Mechanical Properties of Metallic Closed Cellular Materials Containing Polymer Fabricated by Polymer Penetration." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2628–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2628.

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Metallic closed cellular materials containing polymer were fabricated by the penetrating polymer into metal foam. The aluminum and stainless steel foams were selected for the metal foam and epoxy resin and polyurethane resin were selected for the penetrated polymer. The many kinds of mechanical properties of this material were measured. The results of the compressive tests show that these materials have different stress-strain curves among the specimens that containing different materials in the cells. Also, this metallic closed cellular materials containing polymer have higher compressive strength, higher Young’s modules, higher energy absorption and higher internal friction than that of metallic closed cellular material without any polymer.
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Fan, Zhi Geng, Chang Qing Chen, and Wen Jun Hu. "A Numerical Study on the Large Deformations of Polymer Foams with Spherical Pores." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 1581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.1581.

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Cubic structures having spherical pores ranged as BCC and FCC lattices are constructed to simulate the microstructures of cellular polymers with various relative densities. The Mooney-Rivlin strain energy potential model is adopted to characterize the hyperelasticity of the constituent solid from which the foams are made. Finite element analysis on the influences of the polymer hyperelasticity upon the macroscopic mechanical properties of the foams is carried out. Numerical results show that there is no obvious buckling plateau segment in the uniaxial compressive stress-strain curves of the regular spherical cell models as most low density foams have. Moreover, it is found that the initial tangent modulus is a power function of the foam’s relative density, and the index is smaller than 2 for lower relative density models, bigger than 2 for moderate relative density models, and closed to 2 for higher relative density models.
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Lagzdiņš, Aivars, Alberts Zilaucs, Ilze Beverte, and Jānis Andersons. "Modeling the Nonlinear Deformation of Highly Porous Cellular Plastics Filled with Clay Nanoplatelets." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031033.

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Rigid low-density plastic foams subjected to mechanical loads typically exhibit a nonlinear deformation stage preceding failure. At moderate strains, when the geometrical nonlinearity is negligible, such foam response is predominantly caused by the nonlinearity of deformation of their principal structural elements—foam struts. Orientational averaging of stresses in foam struts enables estimation of the stresses taken up by foams at a given applied strain. Based on a structural model of highly porous anisotropic cellular plastics filled with clay nanoplatelets and the orientational averaging, a method for calculating their nonlinear deformation is derived in terms of structural parameters of the porous material, the mechanical properties of the monolithic polymer, and filler particles and their spatial orientation. The method is applied to predicting the tensile stress-strain diagrams of organoclay-filled low-density rigid polyurethane foams, and reasonable agreement with experimental data is demonstrated.
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Román-Lorza, S., M. A. Rodriguez-Perez, and J. A. De Saja Sáez. "Cellular Structure of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Foams Based on LDPE." Cellular Polymers 28, no. 4 (July 2009): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248930902800402.

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Composites of LDPE/ATH (up to 70 wt.%) were foamed to create new materials with good fire retardancy properties and low weight, proving the feasibility of developing cellular structures when high levels of inorganic fillers are included. An experimental study was carried out to explore the effects of chemical composition on cellular structure as well as the effect of structure on their thermal, mechanical and combustion properties. Samples fabrication was carried out using an improved compression moulding route consisting of polymer compounding, precursor preparation and foaming under pressure. The polymer matrix consisted of low density polyethylene as well as certain amount of LLDPE-g-MAH as compatibilizer agent. The inorganic filler used was aluminium trihydroxide (ATH) ranging from 0 wt.% to 70 wt.%. Furthermore, azodicarbonamide (ADC) was used as chemical blowing agent. Foamed samples with cell sizes below 100 microns were produced. These samples showed similar fire retardancy than their solid precursors. The compatibilization was proved indispensable to achieve a good adhesion between mineral filler and polymer and to improve the cellular structure. The increase of the amount of filler has an interesting effect on the cellular structure, going from a closed-cell (at low contents) to an open-cell (at higher contents) cellular structure. As a result of this investigation, halogen-free flame retardant cellular materials were processed, leading to a notable reduction of material compared to the solid one and to new properties which can result in new applications.
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Soriano-Corral, F., L. A. Calva-Nava, J. F. Hernández-Gámez, E. Hernández-Hernández, P. González-Morones, C. A. Ávila-Orta, G. Soria-Arguello, Heidi A. Fonseca-Florido, Carlos A. Covarrubias-Gordillo, and Ramón E. Díaz de León-Gómez. "Influence of Ethylene Plasma Treatment of Agave Fiber on the Cellular Morphology and Compressive Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer/Agave Fiber Composite Foams." International Journal of Polymer Science 2021 (March 25, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9150310.

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Agave fibers (AF) were incorporated either pristine (AFp) or surface treated by ethylene plasma (AFm) in low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) blends at a ratio of 1 : 1 and foamed by chemical means. The role of the AF content (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 wt.%) and its surface modification on the cellular morphology and mechanical properties of LDPE/EVA/AF foams under compression is investigated herein. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, and water suspension of AF suggest that plasma treatment using ethylene successfully modifies the surface nature of AF from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. AF and the surface treatment have an important role on the morphological properties of the foams. Composite foams reinforced with 12 wt.% AFm exhibited the highest mechanical properties improvements. At this fiber content, the composite foams enhanced 30% of the compressive modulus and 23% of the energy absorption under compression with respect to the neat polymer blend foam, as a result to the formation of more uniform cells with smaller size and the enhancement of compatibility and spatial distribution of the AFm in the polymer composite foams due to thin clusters of polyethylene-like polymer deposited on the AF surface.
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Harikrishnan, S., Kamlesh Kumar, V. Venkateswara Rao, and Ajay Misra. "Shock Wave Behaviour of Polymeric Materials for Detonation Waveshapers." Defence Science Journal 71, no. 6 (October 22, 2021): 730–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.71.16943.

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This paper discusses the experimental determination of explosive shock attenuation parameters of four different polymers viz., Teflon, Phenol formaldehyde, Polyethylene foam and Polypropylene foam. These polymers are candidate materials for waveshapers in shaped charge warheads. Cylindrical specimens of the polymer materials were subjected to explosive shock loading by the detonation of RDX:Wax (95:5). Shock arrival time was measured using piezo-wafers positioned at known spatial intervals in the specimens. Initial shock velocity, stabilised shock velocity and attenuation constant were determined. These parameters are essential for the design of waveshapers. Foams have better shock attenuating properties compared to solids due to their cellular structure. Polypropylene foam has the highest shock attenuating characteristic among the four materials studied.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cellular Polymer Foams"

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Forest, Charlène. "Preparation of nano-cellular foams from nanostructured polymer materials by means of CO2 foaming process." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10250.

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Cette étude porte sur l'élaboration de matériaux polymères nano-cellulaires via un procédé batch de moussage au CO2. Pour obtenir de tels matériaux, le moussage est provoqué dans des matériaux polymères nano-structurés afin de favoriser la nucléation hétérogène et d'obtenir des taux de nucléation et des densités de cellules élevées. Le moussage de terpolymères ABS et de PMMAs nanostructurés a été étudié, dans le but de produire des mousses nano-cellulaires avec une faible densité (inférieure à 0.3 g.cm-3) et une taille moyenne de cellules inférieure à 100 nm, correspondant aux morphologies de mousses requises pour obtenir des matériaux super isolants thermiquement. Le phénomène de nucléation, et donc la densité de cellules, sont apparus comme dépendant directement de la concentration et de la morphologie des agents nucléants, qui correspondent dans cette étude à des phases polymères immiscibles dispersées. L'élaboration de matériaux nano cellulaires a nécessité la compréhension des mécanismes de croissances de cellules, du rôle du CO2 en tant qu'agent gonflant et plastifiant ainsi que l'optimisation du procédé de moussage. Plus précisément, l'influence du comportement viscoélastique des matériaux polymères ainsi que celle des forces de surface sur la formation de cellules a également été étudié. Il a été montré que la formation de mousse se produisait dans un milieu viscoélastique, avec un comportement variant entre celui d'un solide et d'un liquide viscoélastique, et ce en fonction de la température et de la masses molaire des polymères
This work focuses on the fabrication of nano-cellular polymer materials by means of a CO2 batch foaming process. To produce such materials, the foaming has to be induced in nano-structured polymer materials in order to favour heterogeneous nucleation and thus to obtain high nucleation rate and high cell density. The foaming of ABS terpolymers and nanostructured PMMAs was investigated, with the aim of producing nano-cellular foams with low density (lower than 0.3 g.cm-3) and an average cell size of 100 nm, which corresponds to required foam morphologies for super thermal insulating applications. It has been shown that nucleation, and thus cell density, directly depends on the content and morphology of nucleating agents, corresponding to dispersed polymer immiscible phases. The production of nano-cellular materials required the understanding of cell growth mechanisms, the role of CO2 as blowing agent and plasticiser and process optimisation. Specifically, the influence of viscoelastic behaviour of polymer materials and surface forces on cell formation was also investigated. It was found that the foaming occurred in viscoelastic media, with transitional behaviour between solid and liquid, depending on foaming temperature and molar mass of polymers
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Režnáková, Ema. "Příprava a charakterizace lehčených polymerních materiálů s hierarchickou celulární strukturou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-414127.

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The asymmetrical arrangement of cellular structure allows for an accurate functional adaptation at all levels of hierarchy, which derives excellent features for the development of new materials. The main objective of introducing a hierarchy into cellular structures is to improve the mechanical behaviour of the material while maintaining its elastic properties. A part of this work is devoted to the literature review related to the lightened cellular polymeric materials with hierarchical cellular structure. The rest is focused on the preparation of PLA based polymer structures using 3D printing, followed by a saturation in CO2 and a foaming in a silicon oil at elevated temperature. Samples were prepared from natural and white PLA filaments. Based on a series of experiments, optimal conditions for the saturation and foaming process were identified. Through 3D printing and foaming, a one-, two- and three-level hierarchy was introduced into the beam-shaped samples and the effect of the internal cell arrangement on the strain response of the material was examined by the means of a mechanical three-point bending test. Increasing the level of the hierarchy led to an increase in material resistance, which resulted in high values of strength and strain energy (toughness) based on the samples density. The best results were achieved by samples with “sandwich” structure with three levels of hierarchy and 30% filling. Despite the shorter plateau, there was a significant increase in strength and strain energy compared to gradient structures. At the same time, the contribution of the polymer structures prepared in this field of research was demonstrated by comparison with the theoretical model.
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Khunniteekool, Chonlada. "Structure/property relationships of cross-linked polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer foams." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390453.

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Hanna, Richard Matthew 1979. "Viscoelastic polymer analysis : experimental, data analysis, and modeling techniques applied to cellular silicone foam." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89357.

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Sharudin, Rahida Wati Binti. "Carbon Dioxide Physical Foaming of Polymer Blends:-Blend Morphology and Cellular Structure-." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/161019.

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Hána, Tomáš. "Funkční polymerní pěny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376873.

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Functional polymer foams are considered as a promising field which could potentially produce foams with added value. Specifically, functionally graded foams are materials which are expected to provide better mechanical properties while preserving low density in comparison with regular foams. In this thesis, a preparation process of such foams is designed, examination of prepared structure and comparison of mechanical properties with regular foams is performed. The obtained results are discussed and further research in this field is proposed.
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Sen, Indraneel. "Degradation Mechanism of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Foam in Lost Foam Casting, PIPS Approach for Synthesis and Novel Expansion Techniques for Cellular Foam." 2007. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/299.

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Lost Foam Casting (LFC) is a metal casting technology that facilitates fabrication of near-net shape metal castings using expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam patterns that are coated with refractory slurry and is effective for producing aluminum or iron castings of complicated geometry. However, the LFC process can produce considerable amount of scrap due to casting defects. Removing the EPS thermal decomposition products through the ceramic coating ahead of the advancing metal front during the liquid metal pour is a key factor in obtaining a defect free casting. Developing a fundamental understanding of foam degradation mechanism is essential in improving LFC process. Modeling of the LFC process till date has completely neglected the effect of styrene on the overall thermal degradation of EPS foam. The dissolution effect of styrene is investigated by presenting the thermodynamic principles of polymer solution theory along with experiments to verify its impact on polystyrene degradation. By subjecting EPS Foam samples directly either to thermal radiation or to styrene vapor, it is demonstrated that styrene’s solubility of polystyrene significantly alters the degradation mechanism of EPS foam in LFC process and thus can control the metal fill process leading to reduction of defects in castings. LFC process uses expanded polystyrene foam patterns in which isomers of pentane are used as blowing agents to achieve the expansion. In order to expand polystyrene, steam is used as a heat source and the expansion process takes place via conduction of heat from the surface of unexpanded polystyrene beads into the bulk. Pentane isomers are volatile organic compounds and green house gases that are either liberated directly into the atmosphere or combusted using expensive setup. The environmental impact of the current process using pentane as an expansion agent has been considered and a new method for manufacturing of EPS foam has been developed with benign expansion agent. Laboratory experiments are demonstrated where PS pellets are successfully expanded into foam. Novel heating technology using microwave radiation is proposed and implemented in order to achieve efficient volumetric heating for the manufacturing of foam with target density.
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Pinto, Susana Cristina dos Santos. "Development and characterization of multifunctional hybrid structures based on cellular metals." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/28911.

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The interest in cellular materials has significantly increased in the last two decades, reflecting the growing demand for lightweight and multifunctional structures The high stiffness-to-weight ratio and acoustic and thermal insulation features, make cellular materials attractive for many engineering applications such as civil, automotive, aerospace, amongst others. Open-cell metal foams (OCF) are one of the most promising functional materials characterized by high internal surface area, recyclability and non-flammability, however mechanically weaker. Researchers perceived this topic as an opportunity to explore these materials by reinforcing them with polymers in order to improve their performance. However, the work developed in this field is still scarce and mainly focused on filling the voids of OCF with dense polymers and on its mechanical characterization. This work aims to fabricate novel hybrid structures by filling the voids of OCF with different polymers in order to obtain multifunctional hybrid structures, providing valuable alternatives for the materials that are available on the market. Several filling materials were selected, bacterial cellulose (BC) and polyurethanes (PUF) in the form of foams, agglomerated cork, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and epoxy (EP) as dense filling materials. Prior to its incorporation within the OCF, the polymeric based filling materials were reinforced with graphene-based materials (GBMs) namely graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) or graphene nanoplatelets in order to improve mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties and impart flame retardant property. Overall, the incorporation of GBMs into the polymeric based matrices improved the mechanical properties of the foamed polymers but decreased the mechanical strength of the dense polymers due to voids created within the matrices. The addition of GBMs did not considerably increase the thermal conductivity of the resulting nanocomposites, which can be used advantageous for thermal insulation applications. However, the GBMs indorsed higher sound absorption coefficients. Given the variety of materials produced, their applications may be diversified. The hybrid structures consisting in OCF and denser materials (PDMS and EP) may find applications as structural components because they present high strength and energy absorption capacity. Hybrid structures consisting in OCF and BC, PUF, and agglomerated cork nanocomposites, besides being lightweight solutions, are good candidates for applications where acoustic and thermal insulating properties are required.
O interesse em materiais celulares aumentou significativamente nas últimas duas décadas, refletindo a crescente procura por estruturas leves e multifuncionais. A relação entre baixo peso e elevado desempenho mecânico, acústico e térmico, torna-os atrativos para aplicações em engenharia tais como civil, automóvel, aeroespacial, entre outras. As espumas metálicas de porosidade aberta (OCF) são materiais funcionais promissores caracterizados por baixo peso, elevada área superficial interna, reciclabilidade e inflamabilidade, no entanto são mecanicamente fracas. Os investigadores descobriram neste tópico uma oportunidade na exploração destes materiais, reforçando-os com polímeros de modo a melhorar o seu desempenho e diversificar a sua aplicação. No entanto, o trabalho desenvolvido neste campo ainda é escasso e focado principalmente no preenchimento dos poros das OCF com polímeros densos e na sua caracterização mecânica. O objetivo deste trabalho incidiu no fabrico de diversas espumas híbridas tendo como base o preenchimento de OCF com diversos nanocompósitos poliméricos de modo a obter materiais multifuncionais, de preferência leves, fornecendo alternativas promissoras aos materiais que já existem no mercado. Foram selecionados para o preenchimento, celulose bacteriana (BC) e poliuretana (PUF) na forma de espumas, cortiça aglomerada e polidimetilsiloxano (PDMS) e epóxido (EP) como materiais densos. Antes da incorporação na OCF, os materiais de preenchimento foram reforçados com materiais à base de grafeno (GBMs) nomeadamente óxido de grafeno (GO), óxido de grafeno reduzido (rGO) ou nanoplaquetas de grafeno (GNPs) de modo a melhorar as propriedades mecânicas, térmicas e acústicas e conferir a propriedade retardamento de chama. Globalmente, a adição de GBMs melhorou as propriedades mecânicas das espumas de BC e de PUF, mas diminuiu a resistência mecânica dos polímeros densos devido aos espaços vazios criados nas matrizes poliméricas. Adicionalmente, os GBMs utilizados não aumentaram consideravelmente a condutividade térmica, o que, para aplicações de isolamento pode ser uma mais valia. De referir a eficiência da presença dos GBMs como agentes de retardação de chama dos nanocompósitos. Dada a variedade de propriedades dos materiais produzidos, as suas aplicações poderão ser múltiplas. As estruturas híbridas constituídas por OCF e materiais mais densos (PDMS ou EP) poderão ter aplicações como componentes estruturais, pois apresentam elevada resistência e boa capacidade de absorção de energia. As espumas híbridas resultantes do preenchimento das OCF com espumas nanocompósitas de BC ou PUF ou ainda aglomerados de cortiça com boas propriedades de isolamento acústico e térmico leveza poderão encontrar aplicações onde estas propriedades são requeridas.
Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Mecânica
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Books on the topic "Cellular Polymer Foams"

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Symposium on Cellular Metals and Polymers (2004 Fürth, Germany). Cellular metals and polymers: CMaP : proceedings of the Symposium on Cellular Metals and Polymers : sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) : held October 12-14, 2004, in Fürth, Germany. Uetikon-Zuerich, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2005.

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Vipin, Kumar, Advani Suresh G, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Materials Division., and American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Winter Meeting, eds. Cellular polymers: Presented at the Winter Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Anaheim, California, November 8-13, 1992. New York: ASME, 1992.

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(Editor), J. M. Buist, S. J. Grayson (Editor), and W. D. Woolley (Editor), eds. Fire and Cellular Polymers. Elseview Applied Science, 1986.

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(Editor), R. F. Singer, C. Korner (Editor), V. Altstadt (Editor), and H. Munstedt (Editor), eds. Cellular Metals And Polymers 2004. Trans Tech Publications, 2005.

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Ga.) American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Winter Meeting (1991 : Atlanta. Cellular Polymers Presented at the Winter Annual Meeting of the Amse: Presented at the Winter Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ... November 8-13, 1992 (MD (Series), V. 38.). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cellular Polymer Foams"

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Paul, K. T. "Fire, Foams and Furniture." In Fire and Cellular Polymers, 135–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3443-6_9.

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Woolley, W. D. "Are Foams a Fire Hazard?" In Fire and Cellular Polymers, 25–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3443-6_3.

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Virr, L. "Fire and Foams in Transport Applications — Aircraft." In Fire and Cellular Polymers, 165–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3443-6_10.

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Hitch, M. J., and D. C. Rolph. "PVC Foams: Their Use and Fire Behaviour." In Fire and Cellular Polymers, 219–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3443-6_14.

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Wiedermann, R. "Fire Properties of Isocyanate Based Rigid Foams." In Fire and Cellular Polymers, 239–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3443-6_15.

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Troitzsch, J. H. "How Do Foams Perform Under Fire Conditions?" In Fire and Cellular Polymers, 77–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3443-6_5.

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Grayson, S. J., J. Hume, and D. A. Smith. "Multifunctional Smoke- and Gas-Suppressant Systems for Polyurethane Foams." In Fire and Cellular Polymers, 289–313. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3443-6_19.

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Cunningham, A., and N. C. Hilyard. "Physical behaviour of polymeric foams — an overview." In Low density cellular plastics, 1–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1256-7_1.

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Creyf, H., and J. Fishbein. "Advance of Flexible Polyurethane Foam Technology." In Fire and Cellular Polymers, 279–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3443-6_18.

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Briggs, P. J. "Fire Behaviour of Rigid Foam Insulation Boards." In Fire and Cellular Polymers, 117–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3443-6_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cellular Polymer Foams"

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Kishimoto, Satoshi, Kimiyoshi Naito, Toru Shimizu, and Fuxing Yin. "Mechanical Properties of Metallic Cellular Materials With Polymer." In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3725.

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A metallic cellular materials containing polymer was fabricated by the penetrating polymer into metal foam. The aluminum and stainless steel foams were selected for the metal foam and epoxy resin and polyurethane resin were selected for the penetrated polymer. The mechanical, damping shock absorbing properties of this material were measured. The results of the compressive tests show that this material has different stress-strain curves among the specimens that include different materials in the cells. Also, these results show that this material has high-energy absorption. The internal friction of this material was measured and the result shows that the internal friction of this material is larger than that of pure aluminum closed cellular material without any polymer and change with increasing of temperature. The shock absorbability of this material is larger than that of polymer and smaller than that of metallic cellular material.
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Kishimoto, Satoshi, Kimiyoshi Naito, Toru Shimizu, and Fuxing Yin. "Mechanical Properties of Closed Cellular Materials Containing Polymer." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1273.

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Cellular materials have unique thermal, acoustic, damping and energy absorbing properties that can be combined with their structural efficiency. Therefore, many kinds of cellular materials have been developed and tested as energy absorbing and damping materials. Particularly, closed cellular materials are thought to have many favorable properties and applications. In this study, a metallic closed cellular materials containing polymer was fabricated by the penetrating polymer into metal foam. The aluminum and stainless steel foams were selected for the metal foam and epoxy resin and polyurethane resin were selected for the penetrated polymer. The mechanical and damping properties of this material were measured. The results of the compressive tests show that this material has different stress-strain curves among the specimens that include different materials in the cells. Also, These results show that this material has high-energy absorption. The internal friction of this material was measured and the result shows that the internal friction of this material is larger than that of pure aluminum closed cellular material without any polymer and change with increasing of temperature.
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Handa, Y. Paul, and Zhiyi Zhang. "New Pathways to Microcellular and Ultramicrocellular Polymeric Foams." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0917.

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Abstract Cellular polymers with closed cells about 10 μm in size and a cell density of 108 cells/cm3 and higher are called microcellular foams (Martini-Vvedensky, 1984) and those with cells less than 1 μm in size and cell density greater than 1012 cells/cm3 are called ultramicrocellular foams. The latter have also been termed supermicrocellular foams (Baldwin et al., 1994). Microcellular foams have been made by saturating the glassy polymer with a blowing agent, usually CO2, and then inducing cell nucleation by a rapid temperature soak (Kumar, 1993) or a pressure quench (Goel and Beckman, 1994). The cells are allowed to grow for a short duration before the cellular morphology is locked-in by rapidly cooling the system. Ultramicrocellular foams have been made the same way except that saturation with the blowing agent is done at a much higher pressure (Baldwin et al., 1994; Goel and Beckman, 1994).
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Dupe`re, Iain D. J., Ann P. Dowling, and Tian J. Lu. "The Absorption of Sound in Cellular Foams." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60618.

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Porous materials are often used as sound absorbers in a variety of situations including architectural and industrial applications. In many cases it is advantageous for the material to be both lightweight and rigid. Metal foams, originally developed for use in catalytic converters in car exhaust systems, offer an attractive mix of properties being both lightweight and rigid. In addition they have good sound absorbing properties and are good heat conductors giving rise to the possibility of enhanced sound absorption through heat transfer. In this paper, we review the use and acoustic modelling of these materials. We compare the predictions made by a number of viscous models developed by the authors for the propagation of sound through open-cell metal foams with an experiment both for the metal foams and for the polymer substrates used to manufacture the foam. All models are valid in the limit of low Reynold’s number which is valid for the typical ligament dimensions found in metal foams provided the amplitude of the waves is below 160dB. The first model considers the drag experienced by acoustic waves as they propagate passed rigid cylinders parallel to their axes, the second considers propagation normal to their axes, and the third considers the propagation passed the spherical joints. All three are combined together to give a general model of the acoustic behaviour of the foams. In particular, the sound absorption is found to be significant and well predicted by the combined model. In addition we describe a post-processing technique for the experiment used to extract the fundamental wave propagation characteristics of the material.
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Qiu, Xunlin, Werner Wirges, Reimund Gerhard, Ming Ren, Mattewos Tefferi, and Yang Cao. "Electrical-insulation behavior of cellular polymer foams in comparison to their piezoelectret properties." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve.2016.7800761.

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Miyamoto, Ryoma, Tatsumi Utano, Shunya Yasuhara, Shota Ishihara, and Masahiro Ohshima. "Effect of crystals and fibrous network polymer additives on cellular morphology of microcellular foams." In PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-30: The 30th International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4918399.

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McRae, Joe D., Hani E. Naguib, and Noureddine Atalla. "Mechanical and Acoustic Performance of Compression Molded Open Cell Polypropylene Foams." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-447.

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The mechanical and acoustic performance of open cell polypropylene (PP) foam has been studied in this paper. The particulate leaching method was used to fabricate the open cell PP samples. Foaming parameters such as salt size and salt/polymer mass ratio were controlled to produce samples with different open cell morphologies. The study analyzes the effects cell size, cell density, and relative density have on mechanical and acoustic performance. Mechanical testing was conducted to quantify stiffness and strength of the open cell PP foams. Optimal cellular morphologies for acoustic absorption and mechanical performance were identified.
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Petrossian, Gayaneh, and Amir Ameli. "Preparation of Highly Loaded Piezo-Composite Foams With High Expansion and Low Permittivity." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3807.

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The sensitivity of piezoelectric/polymer composite materials is inversely proportional to their dielectric permittivity. Introducing a cellular structure into these composites can decrease the permittivity while enhancing their mechanical flexibility. Foaming of highly filled polymer composites is however challenging. Polymers filled with high content of dense additives such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) exhibit significantly decreased physical foaming ability. This can be attributed to difficulty in gas diffusion, decreased fraction of the matrix available, the reduced number of nucleated cells and the difficulty in cell growth. Here, both CO2 foaming and Expancel foaming were examined as potential methods to fabricate low-density thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/ PZT composite foams. While composites containing up to only 10vol.% PZT could be foamed using CO2, Expancel foaming could successfully yield highly-expanded composite foams containing up to 40vol.% (80wt.%) PZT. Dispersed Expancel particles in TPU/PZT composites acted as the blowing agent, activated by subjecting the samples to high temperatures using a hot press. Using Expancel, foams with expansion ratios of up to 9 were achieved. However, expansion ratios of greater than 4 were not of interest due to their poor structural integrity. The density of solid samples ranged from 1.8 to 3.3 g.cm−3 and dropped by a maximum of 80%, even for the highest PZT content, at an expansion ratio of 4. As the expansion increased, the dielectric permittivity of both CO2-foamed and Expancel-foamed TPU/PZT composites decreased significantly (up to 7.5 times), while the dielectric loss and electrical conductivity were affected only slightly. This combination of properties is suitable for high-sensitivity and flexible piezoelectric applications.
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Cafiero, Livia, Luigi Sorrentino, and Salvatore Iannace. "Improving the cellular morphology in high performance thermoplastics foams through blending." In TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES 2014: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Times of Polymers (TOP) and Composites. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4876879.

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Verdolotti, Letizia, Barbara Liguori, Ilaria Capasso, Domenico Caputo, Marino Lavorgna, and Salvatore Iannace. "Cellular morphology of organic-inorganic hybrid foams based on alkali alumino-silicate matrix." In TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES 2014: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Times of Polymers (TOP) and Composites. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4876819.

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