Dissertations / Theses: 'Cellular fibers'

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Roth, David Eugene. "Genetic Engineering of Functional Large Amyloid Fibers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78399.

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"Template" and "adder" proteins can be genetically encoded to produce large amyloid fibers when mixed together. Escherichia coli is used to clone a "template" protein, Gd20, which will cooperatively self-assemble with two "adder" proteins, P7Q and P7S, to yield two different large amyloid fibers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to image the fibers and AFM tip approach/retraction force is used to quantify molecular packing in the fibers. Glutamine (Q)-containing P7Q and serine (S)-containing P7S both have the same hydrophobic core, charge, and hydrogen bonding potential. However, P7Q is highly alpha-helical while P7S contains a beta-sheet core. After 72 hours, the Gd20:P7Q template:adder protein mixture produces tightly packed ~0.3 μm high and ~1.9 μm wide fibers that exhibit a low retraction force of ~44 nN after indentation. The Gd20:P7S mixture produces larger ~1.1 μm high and ~9.7 μm wide fibers exhibiting a much higher retraction force of ~503 nN showing they are much less molecularly packed. These results indicate that the adder protein alpha-helical character is important for self-assembly and molecular packing inside of the large amyloid fiber. The experimental results show that large amyloid fibers with predictable size and mechanical properties can be anticipated and encoded at the genetic level.
Master of Science

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Ledbetter, Nicole Verbeck Guido F. "Applications of nanomanipulation coupled to nanospray mass spectrometry in trace fiber analysis and cellular lipid analysis." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9760.

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Nelson, Mark Tyler. "Biomimetic Electrospun Fibers for Cancer Cell Migration, Chemotaxis, andAnti-Metastatic Drug Testing." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429031970.

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Ledbetter, Nicole. "Applications of Nanomanipulation Coupled to Nanospray Mass Spectrometry in Trace Fiber Analysis and Cellular Lipid Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9760/.

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The novel instrumentation of nanomanipulation coupled to nanospray mass spectrometry and its applications are presented. The nanomanipulator has the resolution of 10nm step sizes allowing for specific fine movement used to probe and characterize objects of interest. Nanospray mass spectrometry only needs a minimum sample volume of 300nl and a minimum sample size of 300attograms to analyze an analyte making it the ideal instrument to couple to nanomanipulation. The nanomanipulator is mounted to an inverted microscope and consists of 4 nano-positioners; these nano-positioners hold end-effectors and other tools used for manipulation. This original coupling has been used to enhance the current abilities of cellular probing and trace fiber analysis. Experiments have been performed to demonstrate the functionality of this instrument and its capabilities. Histidine and caffeine have been sampled directly from single fibers and analyzed. Lipid bodies from cotton seeds have been sampled indirectly and analyzed. The few applications demonstrated are only the beginning of nanomanipulation coupled to nanospray mass spectrometry and the possible applications are numerous especially with the ability to design and fabricate new end-effectors with unique abilities. Future study will be done to further the applications in direct cellular probing including toxicology studies and organelle analysis of single cells. Further studies will be directed in forensic applications of this instrument including gunshot residue sampled from fibers.

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Badauy, Cristiano Macabú. "Avaliação estrutural e diagnóstica de três lesões fibrosas da cavidade bucal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15449.

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O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar os componentes celulares e de fibras do tecido conjuntivo nas hiperplasias inflamatórias (HI), nos fibromas (F) e na fibromatose gengival hereditária (FGH), além de investigar a imunocompetência e efetuar análises moleculares de pacientes com FGH. Para atingir os objetivos foram desenvolvidos 4 artigos, com diferentes metodologias e universos amostrais. No 1º artigo, pretendeu-se estabelecer critérios microscópicos válidos para diferenciar F e HI. Foram avaliadas em microscópio óptico 136 lesões coradas pela Hematoxilina-eosina (HE) e pelo Tricrômico de Masson quanto às características microscópicas. Os resultados mostraram que uma área central de fibras colágenas dispostas de forma enovelada e mais densa, circundada por uma camada de fibras dispostas de forma paralela são características dos F, enquanto a presença de hiperplasia epitelial, infiltrado inflamatório e fibras colágenas organizadas de forma paralela são características das HI. Tais resultados motivaram o 2º artigo, no qual estudamos 18 lesões de F e 13 de HI, que foram preparadas histologicamente e coradas pelo picrosírius red e pelo direct blue para avaliação quantitativa das fibras colágenas e de fibras do sistema elástico, respectivamente, em microscopia a laser confocal. Os resultados confirmaram a disposição estrutural das fibras colágenas observada no 1º artigo, além de apontarem diferenças nas áreas ocupadas pelas fibras colágenas em todas as regiões estudadas. A fim de proceder a uma avaliação dos componentes fibroso e celular das 3 lesões fibrosas, foi desenvolvido o 3º artigo. Espécimes das 3 lesões foram estudados em microscopia ótica, a fim de avaliar suas populações de fibroblastos e de células inflamatórias e os seguintes componentes fibrosos do tecido conjuntivo: fibras colágenas, sistema de fibras elásticas, fibras reticulares e fibras oxitalânicas. Os resultados mostraram disposição e concentração diferente das fibras colágenas nas 3 lesões e uma maior concentração de fibras reticulares na FGH. A análise dos componentes celulares mostrou um maior número de fibroblastos no F e uma maior contagem de células inflamatórias na HI. A partir do encaminhamento de uma família com FGH, optouse por inclui-la no estudo, tendo em vista serem lesões do mesmo grupo. Com isso, foi desenvolvido um 4º estudo, que utilizou uma avaliação morfológica semelhante à dos 2 artigos anteriormente descritos. Dos pacientes com FGH foi obtido sangue periférico para avaliação da proliferação celular de linfócitos através do teste do MTT e para o sequenciamento do gene SOS-1. Os resultados mostraram hiperplasia epitelial na porção externa da gengiva dos pacientes com FGH, maior concentração de fibras colágenas e poucas células inflamatórias. Os 3 pacientes com FGH não mostraram diferenças no seu índice de proliferação de linfócitos em relação aos controles e não apresentaram a mutação descrita no gene SOS-1 de outras famílias com FGH. Pode se concluir que as 3 lesões apresentam estrutura conjuntiva diferente tanto no aspecto quantitativo quanto na disposição estrutural de seus componentes.
The objective of this study was to analyze the cellular and fibrous components of connective tissue in inflammatory hyperplasia (IH), oral fibroma (OF) and hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF), and to investigate the immunocompetence and to perform molecular analysis in HGF patients. To achieve the goals were developed 4 articles, with different methodologies and sample universes. In the 1st article, we intended to establish microscopic criteria to differentiate F and IH. The microscopic characteristics of the lesions (n=136) stained by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson trichrome were evaluated in an optical microscope. The results showed that a central area of wound collagen fibers and arranged in a higher density, surrounded by a layer of parallel fibers are characteristic of F, while the presence of epithelial hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltrate and parallel collagen fibers are characteristics of HI. These results led the 2nd article, which studied 18 F and 13 and IH, histologically prepared and stained by picrosírius red and direct blue for the direct quantitative assessment of collagen fibers and elastic fibers of the system, respectively, in the confocal laser microscope. The results confirmed the structural arrangement of collagen fibers found in Article 1, and indicate differences in the areas of collagen fibers in all regions studied. In order to evaluate the cellular and fibrous components of the 3 fibrous lesions, was developed the 3rd article. Specimens of the 3 lesions were studied in optical microscopy, to assess their populations of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells and the following components of fibrous connective tissue: collagen fibers, elastic fiber system, reticular fibers and oxytalan fibers. The results showed different arrangement and concentration of collagen fibers in the 3 lesions and a higher concentration of reticular fibers in HGF. The analysis of cellular components showed a greater number of fibroblasts in F and a higher count of inflammatory cells in IH. With the identification of a family with HGF, we chose to include it in the study because the lesions belong to the group of benign fibrous lesions. With that, it developed a 4th study, which used a similar morphologic evaluation of the 2 articles described above. Periferic blood was extracted from the HGF patients in order to determine the proliferative capacity of the peripheral lymphocytes, by the MTT test, and in order to sequence the SOS1 gene. The 3 HGF affected patients did not present the described mutation for the SOS1 gene, and the lymphocyte proliferative capacity in HGF patients was similar to those on controls. The results showed epithelial hyperplasia in the outer portion of the gingiva of patients with HGF, greater concentration of collagen fibers and few inflammatory cells. We can conclude that the 3 lesions present a different connective structure, considering both the quantitative aspect and the architectural disposition of their components.

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Griebel, Matthew Alexander. "Viscoelastic Anisotropic Finite Element Mixture Model of Articular Cartilage using Viscoelastic Collagen Fibers and Validation with Stress Relaxation Data." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/743.

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Experimental results show that collagen ﬁbers exhibit stress relaxation under tension and a highly anisotropic distribution. To further develop the earlier model of Stender [1], the collagen constituent was updated to reﬂect its intrinsic viscoelasticity and anisotropic distribution, and integrated with an existing mixture model with glycosaminoglycans and ground substance matrix. A two-term Prony series expansion of the quasi-linear viscoelastic model was chosen to model the viscoelastic properties of the collagen ﬁbers. Material parameters were determined by using the simplex method to minimize the sum of squared errors between model results and experimental stress relaxation data of tissue in tension. Collagen elastic ﬁber modulus was calculated by ﬁtting to the equilibrium data and viscoelastic parameters were determined by ﬁtting to the relaxation curve. Results of newborn (~1-3 week old) untreated bovine articular cartilage explants from the patellar femoral groove as well as explants cultured in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), from both the superﬁcial (~0-0.5 mm from the articular surface) and middle (~0.5-1.0 mm from the articular surface) layers were compared to examine the effects of TGF- β1. TGF-β1 has been shown to maintain or even enhance mechanical properties of articular cartilage in compression and tension [2, 3] and this study continues with the hope that it may be used to improve tissue engineering of mature cartilage to better survive implantation in vivo for the successful repair of articular cartilage defects. Results show that TGF-β1 has a maturational effect on collagen, causing the tissue to become stiffer through an increase in elastic collagen ﬁber modulus and less viscous through shorter relaxation time and less stress relaxation (tissue retained a higher percentage of residual stress). The results of this study further advance the understanding of the effects of location and treatment with TGF-β1.

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Kundrat, Mary Elizabeth. "A Comprehensive Series for Predicting Bone Dynamics: Forecasting Osseous Tissue Formation using the Molecular Structure of a Biomaterial." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1282842002.

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Комісаренко, Руслан Володимирович. "Реконструкція технологічного потоку Приватного акціонерного товариства "Київський картонно-паперовий комбінат" з виробництва паперу-основи для рушників." Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/27136.

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Актуальність теми: підвищення рівня якості паперу-основи для рушників та продуктивності технологічного обладнання з виготовлення паперу-основи для рушників на ПрАТ "Київський картонно-паперовий комбінат". Мета і задачі дослідження: розроблення заходів та вирішення ряду задач з метою реконструкції технологічного потоку виробництва паперу-основи для рушників і підвищення якості продукції, що виготовляється. Об’єкт дослідження: технологічний процес виробництва паперу основи для рушників. Предмет дослідження: вихідні волокнисті напівфабрикати, режими роботи обладнання та технологія виготовлення паперу основи для рушників. Методи дослідження: літературний пошук, дослідження технологічних режимів, фізико-механічні методи випробування отриманих зразків в лабораторних умовах фабрики в процесі реконструкції технологічного потоку. Практичне значення одержаних результатів: реконструкція технологічного потоку дає можливість зменшити собівартість і, разом з тим, підвищити якість готової продукції, що виготовляється на ПрАТ Київський картонно-паперовий комбінат. Апробація результатів дисертації: Запропоновано шляхи реконструкції технологічного потоку Приватного акціонерного товариства "Київський картонно-паперовий комбінат" з виробництва паперу основи для рушників. Основні етапи реконструкції, викладені в дисертаційній роботі, знайшли відображення в тезах конференцій та статті: - Комісаренко Р.В., Плосконос В.Г. "Підвищення рентабельності і економія енергії у виробництві санітарно-гігієнічних видів паперу"\\Зб.тез доповідей XXIII Всеукраїнської наук.-практ.конф. студ.,аспір. і молодих вчених “Обладнання хімічних виробництв і підприємств будівельних матеріалів”, К.: 2018 ,28-29.11,с.68-69. - Плосконос В.Г., Комісаренко Р.В., Котлярська Н.О., Якименко О.С. Використання свіжої води в процесах виробництва целюлозно-паперової продукції та необхідність скорочення її споживання //Міжнародний науковометричний журнал "Інтернаука". - 2018. - №17(57),т.1, с.61-64. Публікації: за темою дисертації опубліковано статтю в науковометричному журналі "Інтернаука" та 2 тези доповідей на міжнародних та республіканських конференціях.
Relevance of the theme: raising the level of quality of the paper-base for towels and productivity of technological equipment for the production of paper-base for towels at PJSC "Kyiv Cardboard and Paper Mill". Purpose and objectives of the study: development of measures and solving a number of problems with a view to reconstructing the technological flow of production of paper-based for towels and improving the quality of manufactured products. Object of research: technological process of paper production basis Object of research: the technological process of producing paper bases for towels. Subject of research: output fibrous semi-finished products, operating modes of equipment and technology for producing paper bases for towels. Methods of research: literary search, research of technological regimes, physical and mechanical methods of testing the samples obtained in laboratory conditions of the factory in the process of reconstruction of the technological flow. The practical value of the results: the reconstruction of the technological flow makes it possible to reduce the cost and, at the same time, improve the quality of finished products, produced at PrAT Kyiv Cardboard and Paper Mill Testing the results of the dissertation: the ways of reconstruction of the technological flow of the Private Joint-Stock Company "Kiev Cardboard and Paper Mill" for the production of paper for the basis for towels are proposed. The main stages of the reconstruction, presented in the dissertation, were reflected in the theses of conferences and articles: - Komisarenko RV, Ploskonos VG "Increasing profitability and saving energy in the production of sanitary-hygienic types of paper" \\ Zb.tez reports XXIII All-Ukrainian Sciences. Prakt.konf. studio, aspiration and young scientists "Equipment of chemical manufactures and enterprises of building materials", K .: 2018, 28-29.11, p.68-69. - Ploskonos VG, Komisarenko RV, Kotlyarskaya N.O., Yakimenko O.S. Use of fresh water in the processes of production of pulp and paper products and the need to reduce its consumption // International scientific and mathematical journal "Interna-nauka". - 2018. - № 17 (57), t.1, p.61-64. Publications: on the topic of the dissertation an article was published in the scientific-science journal "Internet Science" and 2 theses of reports at international and republican conferences.

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Prasad, Saurabh. "Radio over fiber for 3G cellular System." Thesis, Kolhapur Institute of Technology College of Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71529.

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The demand for bandwidth is increasing vigorously. Thus wired network is using fiber optic telephone line instead of coaxial cable. The concept of Fiber to the Home (FTTH) is really coming into picture. Few countries like Japan, Korea etc are leading in this technology. But now the major challenge is how to provide the high speed internet connection wirelessly. Thus the change is to integrate the wireless and optical fiber communication.
Wireless Optical Communication

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Crapeau, Myriam. "Facteurs cellulaires déterminant la propagation du prion [URE3] dans la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21728/document.

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Une protéine prion peut adopter deux conformations distinctes, l’une cellulaire et l’autre prion. La conformation prion est le résultat de son agrégation en fibre amyloïde. Cette fibre est le support de l’information prion à partir duquel les isoformes cellulaires sont convertis en forme prion de façon autocatalytique. La transmission de l’information prion repose donc sur la transmission de cette fibre au cours des divisions cellulaires, qui est réalisée par de petits polymères. Ceux-ci sont le résultat d’un équilibre entre la fragmentation et la polymérisation de la fibre. Une perturbation de cet équilibre provoque une agrégation massive de la protéine prion, menant à la perte de l’information prion.L’objectif de ma thèse était de comprendre ce qui définit in vivo la transmission du prion. Mon modèle d’étude est la protéine Ure2p propageant le prion [URE3] dans la levure S. cerevisiae. J’ai montré que la concentration cellulaire d’Ure2p détermine la vitesse d’agrégation de la protéine prion et donc son efficacité de transmission. En effet, de trop fortes concentrations cellulaires sont incompatibles avec la propagation du prion. La concentration cellulaire d’Ure2p définit également la diversité des souches prions. Un crible génétique m’a permit de mettre en évidence que la présence de séquences centromériques surnuméraires dans la cellule interfère avec la transmission du prion [URE3]. Le même phénomène est observé avec une augmentation du niveau de ploïdie de la cellule. Dans les deux cas, la surexpression du chaperon Hsp104 restaure une propagation normale du prion
A prion protein can adopt two distinct conformations, one cellular and one prion. Prion conformation is the result of its aggregation into amyloid fibers. This fiber is the support of the prion information from which the cellular isoforms are converted into prion form by autocatalytic manner. The prion information transmission is therefore based on the transmission of this fiber during cell division, which is done by small polymers. These are the result of a balance between fragmentation and polymerization of the fiber. A disturbance of this balance causes a massive aggregation of the prion protein, leading to the prion information loss.The objective of my thesis was to understand what defined in vivo the prion transmission. My studying model was the Ure2p protein propagating the [URE3] prion in S. cerevisiae yeast. I showed that the Ure2p cellular concentration determined the aggregation speed of the prion protein and thus its transmission efficiency. Indeed, too high cellular concentrations are incompatible with the prion propagation. The cellular concentration of Ure2p also defines the prion strains diversity. A genetic screen allowed me to highlight that the presence of centrometric supernumerary sequences in the cell interferes with the [URE3] prion transmission. The same phenomenon is observed with an increase in the cell ploidy. In both cases, overexpression of the Hsp104 chaperone restores normal prion propagation

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Zini, Laurent Yiou René. "La thérapie cellulaire de l'insuffisance sphinctérienne urétrale description d'un modèle animal préclinique et comparaison de 3 techniques de tranferts de cellules précurseurs musculaires /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0337593.pdf.

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Jones, Willie F. "Development of a cellular fiber spinning technology for regenerative medicine." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1173995215/.

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Setoodeh, Shahriar. "Optimal Design of Variable-Stiffness Fiber-Reinforced Composites Using Cellular Automata." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29204.

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The growing number of applications of composite materials in aerospace and naval structures along with advancements in manufacturing technologies demand continuous innovations in the design of composite structures. In the traditional design of composite laminates, fiber orientation angles are constant for each layer and are usually limited to 0, 90, and Â±45 degrees. To fully benefit from the directional properties of composite laminates, such limitations have to be removed. The concept of variable-stiffness laminates allows the stiffness properties to vary spatially over the laminate. Through tailoring of fiber orientations and laminate thickness spatially in an optimal fashion, mechanical properties of a part can be improved. In this thesis, the optimal design of variable-stiffness fiber-reinforced composite laminates is studied using an emerging numerical engineering optimization scheme based on the cellular automata paradigm. A cellular automaton (CA) based design scheme uses local update rules for both field variables (displacements) and design variables (lay-up configuration and laminate density measure) in an iterative fashion to convergence to an optimal design. In the present work, the displacements are updated based on the principle of local equilibrium and the design variables are updated according to the optimality criteria for minimum compliance design. A closed form displacement update rule for constant thickness isotropic continua is derived, while for the general anisotropic continua with variable thickness a numeric update rule is used. Combined lay-up and topology design of variable-stiffness flat laminates is performed under the action of in-plane loads and bending loads. An optimality criteria based formulation is used to obtain local design rules for minimum compliance design subject to a volume constraint. It is shown that the design rule splits into a two step application. In the first step an optimal lay-up configuration is computed and in the second step the density measure is obtained. The spatial lay-up design problem is formulated using both fiber angles and lamination parameters as design variables. A weighted average formulation is used to handle multiple load case designs. Numerical studies investigate the performance of the proposed design methodology. The optimal lay-up configuration is independent of the lattice density with more details emerging as the density is increased. Moreover, combined topology and lay-up designs are free of checkerboard patterns. The lay-up design problem is also solved using lamination parameters instead of the fiber orientation angles. The use of lamination parameters has two key features: first, the convexity of the minimization problem guarantees a global minimum; second, for both in-plane and bending problems it limits the number of design variables to four regardless of the actual number of layers, thereby simplifying the optimization task. Moreover, it improves the convergence rate of the iterative design scheme as compared to using fiber angles as design variables. Design parametrization using lamination parameters provides a theoretically better design, however, manufacturability of the designs is not certain. The cases of general, balanced symmetric, and balanced symmetric with equal thickness layers are studied separately. The feasible domain for laminates with equal thickness layers is presented for an increasing number of layers. A restricted problem is proposed that maintains the convexity of the design space for laminates with equal thickness layers. A recursive formulation for computing fiber angles for this case is also presented. On the computational side of the effort, a parallel version of the present CA formulation is implemented on message passing multiprocessor clusters. A standard parallel implementation does not converge for an increased number of processors. Detailed analysis revealed that the convergence problem is due to a Jacobi type iteration scheme, and a pure Gauss-Seidel type iteration through a pipeline implementation completely resolved the convergence problem. Timing results giving the speedup for the pipeline implementation were obtained for up to 260 processors. This work was supported by Grant NAG-1-01105 from NASA Langley Research Center. Special thanks to our project monitor Dr. Damodar R. Ambur for his technical guidance.
Ph. D.

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Tonoli, Gustavo Henrique Denzin. "Fibras curtas de Eucalipto para novas tecnologias em fibrocimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-18022010-142936/.

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Este trabalho avalia as vantagens do uso das fibras curtas de polpa de Eucalipto tanto como alternativa às fibras longas de polpa de Pinus, como também para fibras sintéticas, tradicionalmente usadas no reforço de materiais cimentícios. Os efeitos da morfologia (comprimento, largura, fibrilação, conteúdo de finos, número de fibras por grama, etc.) das fibras celulósicas no processamento, no desempenho mecânico e físico e na microestrutura dos compósitos de fibrocimento foram avaliados. Os compósitos foram avaliados antes e após ciclos de envelhecimento acelerado. Fibras de Eucalipto apresentaram melhor dispersão na matriz cimentícia e forneceram maior densidade de fibras em massa ou em volume, em relação às fibras de Pinus. As fibras curtas permitem um reforço efetivo da matriz frágil, diminuindo a propagação das fissuras, o que contribuiu para o melhor desempenho mecânico dos compósitos após envelhecimento. Estes resultados promissores mostram o potencial apresentado pelas fibras curtas de Eucalipto para reduzir custos, em vista da substituição parcial das fibras sintéticas em processos de cura ao ar, e durante o refino da polpa celulósica. O efeito do branqueamento das fibras também foi avaliado, e mostrou que as fibras branqueadas de Eucalipto são mais reativas para se ligarem por pontes de hidrogênio com a matriz cimentícia. Fibras branqueadas melhoraram a interface entre fibra e matriz, embora apresentassem mais sinais de mineralização (re-precipitação de produtos de hidratação dentro das fibras) do que as fibras não-branqueadas. O refino da polpa celulósica foi utilizado para modificar as propriedades morfológicas das fibras de Eucalipto e Pinus. Os resultados mostraram que são necessárias maiores intensidade de refino na polpa de Pinus para obter valores de retenção de sólidos do cimento similares àqueles obtidos com fibras não-refinadas de Eucalipto. O refino aumentou a capacidade das fibras de capturar as partículas minerais, melhorando a aderência das fibras com a matriz. Esta melhor interface entre fibra e matriz melhorou as propriedades mecânicas dos compósitos aos 28 dias de cura, mas os tornou mais frágeis após os ciclos de envelhecimento acelerado. A modificação química da superfície das fibras foi realizada com o objetivo de melhorar as ligações entre fibra e matriz e diminuir a mineralização da fibra dentro dos compósitos. Esta modificação química foi realizada com Metacriloxipropiltri-metoxisilano (MPTS) e Aminopropiltri-etoxisilano (APTS) e mostrou influenciar significativamente a microestrutura dos compósitos. Ciclos de envelhecimento acelerado diminuíram o módulo de ruptura (MOR) e a tenacidade (TE) dos compósitos com fibras não-modificadas e modificadas; entretanto, compósitos reforçados com fibras modificadas com MPTS apresentaram fibras sem produtos de hidratação do cimento em seu interior, enquanto que fibras modificadas com APTS apresentaram acelerada mineralização. Fibras mineralizadas tornam os compósitos mais frágeis após os ciclos de envelhecimento acelerado. Estas observações são, portanto, muito úteis para o entendimento da contribuição de diferentes condições das fibras (composição química, resistência mecânica, morfologia e propriedades de superfície) para os mecanismos de aderência entre fibras e matriz cimentícia, de mineralização das fibras e de degradação dos compósitos de fibrocimento.
This work evaluates the advantages of using hardwood short fibre pulp (Eucalyptus) as alternative to softwood long fibre pulp (Pinus) and synthetic fibres, traditionally used in reinforcement of cement based materials. The effects of cellulose fibre morphology (e.g., length, width, fibrillation, content of fines and number of fibres per gram) on the processing, on the mechanical and physical performance and on the microstructure of fibre-cement composites were evaluated. Composites were evaluated before and after accelerated ageing cycles. Eucalyptus pulp fibres were better dispersed in the cement matrix and provided higher number of fibres per unitary weight or volume, in relation to Pinus long fibre pulp. The short reinforcing elements lead to an effective crack bridging of the fragile matrix, which contributes to the improvement of the mechanical performance of the composite after ageing. These promising results show the potential of eucalyptus short fibres for reducing costs by both the partial replacement of expensive synthetic fibres in air curing process and the energy savings during pulp refining. The effects of pulp bleaching were also evaluated, and showed that Eucalyptus bleached fibres are more reactive to bond with the cement matrix by hydrogen bonds. Bleached fibres improved the fibre-matrix interface, although they presented more signals of fibre mineralization. Mechanical refining was used to change the morphological properties of Eucalyptus and Pinus pulps. Results show that high levels of refining were necessary for Pinus pulp to obtain cement retention values similar to those obtained by unrefined Eucalyptus pulp. The mechanical refining increased the capacity of the fibres to capture the mineral particles improving the adherence of the fibres with the matrix. This improved fibre-matrix interface led to better mechanical properties at 28 days of cure, but turned brittle the composites after 200 ageing cycles. The chemical surface modification of cellulose pulp fibres was done in order to improve fibre-matrix bonding and to decrease fibre mineralization into the composite. Surface modification of the cellulose pulps was performed with Methacryloxypropyltri-methoxysilane (MPTS) and Aminopropyltri-ethoxysilane (APTS) and showed significant influence on the microstructure of the composites. Accelerated ageing cycles decreased modulus of rupture (MOR) and toughness (TE) of the composites with unmodified and modified fibres, however composites reinforced with MPTS-modified fibres presented fibres free from cement hydration products, while APTS-modified fibres presented accelerated mineralization. Higher mineralization of the fibres led to higher embrittlement of the composite after accelerated ageing cycles. These observations are therefore very useful for understanding the contribution of the different fibre conditions (chemical composition, mechanical strength, morphology and surface properties) to the mechanisms of fibre-matrix adherence, fibre mineralization and degradation of fibre-cement composites.

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Dean, Nancy Frier. "Plane front stability and cellular solidification in fiber reinforced aluminum-copper alloys." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13242.

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Rao, Sanjeev. "Manufacture of cellular solids using natural fibre reinforced composites." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5813.

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This thesis explains the manufacturing of recyclable, eco-friendly composites and their fabrication into hollow cores. The composites have been manufactured using compression moulding and extrusion techniques; each representing batch manufacturing and continuous manufacturing respectively. A statistical design of experiments based on Taguchi method has been used to study the multivariable system involved in the process of continuous extrusion. Factorial design of experiments (DoE) has been used to determine the best material formulation to obtain maximum mechanical properties. The composite sheets produced after the DoE were pelletised in a hammer mill and reprocessed by passing them through another cycle of extrusion. The effect of recycling on the mechanical properties, which were determined by performing static tests as per ASTM standards, has been investigated. The extruded composite sheets have been thermoformed into half-hexagonal and sinusoidal profiles using matched-die and roll forming processes. As the process involves bending and stretching the sheet to conform to the geometry of the mould, it is usually accompanied by large strains. These strains have been analysed using grid strain analysis, and the strain path taken during the forming operation has been determined using strain space diagrams. Due to the stretching and bending of the composite sheet during thermoforming process, a stress field is induced in the material, which upon extraction in that state, would result in either spring-forward or spring-back of the material causing dimensional instability, but by holding the part in that deformed state for a period of time will allow the stresses in the materials to relax. This time-stress information (stress relaxation behaviour) has been experimentally investigated and modelled using springs and dashpots arranged in series and parallel. The spring-back and spring-forward phenomena, occurring in the formed part upon de-moulding, have been investigated using single curvature vee-bending experiments. The profiled sheets obtained after forming have been assembled and bonded into honeycomb cores using adhesives and ultrasonic methods. These cores have been sandwiched between two wood veneer facings to form eco-friendly sandwich panels. The compressive and shear properties of these sandwich panels have been modelled and experimentally investigated. The compressive behaviour of the sisal-PP honeycomb cores has been modelled considering the honeycomb cell wall as a linear elastic specially orthotropic plate/lamina under plane stress and as a quasi-isotropic material. A finite element model of the sandwich panel has been developed in ANSYS classic finite element environment, to study the behaviour of the panel and the core, under flexural loading. Some non-structural properties such as, sound absorption, structural damping and energy absorption have been experimentally determined. The sound absorption ability of the honeycomb has been experimentally evaluated using a standing plane wave impedance tube. Three configurations; one with hollow cores, and the other two filled with polyurethane foam and wood fibres, respectively have been tried. The natural frequencies and structural damping have been experimentally determined by subjecting the sandwich beam to harmonic vibrations. The energy absorption characteristic has been experimentally determined by subjecting the honeycomb cores to quasi-static compressive loading.

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Nkansah, Anthony Godfried. "Millimetre-wave over fibre systems for pico-cellular networks." Thesis, University of Kent, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497678.

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An outdoor star-tree mm-wave radio over fibre architecture for pico-cellular broadband systems is presented, and compared with other proposed architectures. Its feasibility is verified by detailed performance analysis in a commercial photonics Physical layer simulator. This work also led to the development of Multimode Fibre (MMF) modelling to match measured multimode Vertical-cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) based MMF responses. The MMF models developed can be incorporated into mm-wave over MMF system modelling. Experimental measurements for the coherence bandwidth of 62.5/125μm and 50/125μm multimode fibre links using 850nm VCSEL transmitters have also been carried out for the first time. It is shown that characterisation using coherence bandwidth over any given signal band provides reliable indications of the performance of radio over fibre transmission of different wireless system signals without the need to test using modulated signals. The knowledge obtained from the MMF characterisation led to a proposal for a cost-effective VCSEL-based star/tree radio over fibre architecture for indoor millimeter-wave systems. The indoor pico-cells can be located many km from a Central Office, with the longer distance distribution performed using single-mode fibre and the in-building distribution using MMF. The feasibility of the system is verified through experimental demonstration. WiMAX modulation schemes (QPSK, 16 QAM and 64 QAM) at 6MSps and 20MSps is demonstrated for a link that emulates a cost effective 1.550nm VCSEL based radio over fibre millimetre-wave indoor pico-cellular system. The system consists of a concatenation of 20km single mode fibre and 300m MMF links between a central office and remote antenna unit and employs remote 30GHz Local Oscillator (LO) delivery. Successful transmission over both optical and wireless paths is achieved with good signal performance recorded for uplink and downlink. A maximum cell size of radius 7.8m was predicted by a link budget analysis for a 20MSps 64 QAM signal transportation.

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Punyamurthula, Deepthi. "Structural performance of low-profile FRP composite celluar modules." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3815.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 91 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-85).

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West, Douglas. "Design of a Fiber Optic Sensor Array for in Vitro Monitoring of Cellular Processes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36635.

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Current analysis of the life and death cycles of in vitro cellular systems is based on visual observation methods relying upon morphological changes monitored using a microscope. Data collected from these techniques are not as precise as scientists desire them to be. The methods are discontinuous, indirect, costly, and time and labor intensive. The human element plays a significant part in error propagation as individual style of the researcher lends to skewing the data. Experimental results will differ greatly from laboratory to laboratory just because the methods of monitoring cellular activity are not standardized. The researcher uses experience to determine the best way to collect data quickly and "accurately" according to his or her definition. There is a great need not only to standardize data collection processes, but also to eliminate human error induced by lack of experience or fatigue. This research proposes a fiber optic based monitoring system as a possible solution to eliminate a number of problems with current cellular data collection methods and to increase the data collection rate tremendously since the process could be automated.
Master of Science

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Flusberg, Benjamin Ari. "Cellular-level brain imaging in freely moving mice using fiber-optic fluorescence microendoscopy /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Delfosse, Caroline. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et biologiques de fibres carbonées expérimentales." Lille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL2D001.

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Dika, Nguea Hermine. "La culture de macrophages comme modèle prédictif de la toxicité et de la biopersistance des fibres minérales artificielles." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN11310.

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La toxicité des fibres minérales artificielles (FMA) est couramment évaluée par des tests de biopersistance sur des animaux. Les toxicologues et les industriels sont à la recherche de nouveaux tests prédictifs in vitro pour limiter les tests in vivo. Pour aborder l'étude in vitro de la toxicité des FMA, notre tâche a été d'élaborer un test pour étudier leur persistance au contact d'une lignée de macrophages humains (U-937). Avec des extraits bactériens et des cytokines synthétiques, nous avons modélisé in vitro l'interaction fibres/macrophage permettant l'étude de leur dégradation physique et chimique. L'analyse du transcriptome du macrophage, dans les conditions de ce test, à l'aide de puces à ADN nous a permis d'avancer l'hypothèse que les espèces réactives générées par le stress oxydant seraient responsables de cette dégradation. Cette dégradation obtenue in vitro seulement après 7 jours, est identique à celle observée après expérimentation in vivo et prédit la clearance pulmonaire des FMA obtenue chez le rat. Nous avons établi les bases d'un test in vitro discriminatif permettant un criblage préliminaire de nouvelles compositions de fibres minérales.

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Yao, Seydou. "Imagerie IRTF de haute résolution des interactions cellules-fibres pour l'étude des effets pathogènes des amiantes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14611/document.

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Les maladies pulmonaires tel que l’amiantose ou le mésotheliome proviennent de l‘interaction entre les fibres d’amiantes et les cellules humaines. L’hétérogénéité morphologique et chimique des fibres nous oblige à disposer de moyens analytique capable d’analyser l’interaction organique – inorganique. Nos travaux ont pour but de développer une méthodologie d'imagerie infrarouge couplé avec le rayonnement synchrotron. Grâce à cette technique, nous pourrons analyser les effets des fibres d'amiantes sur une cellule unique. La méthodologie a été testée sur des cellules cultivées directement sur des substrats transparents à l'infrarouge. Les expériences réalisées ont été étendu à l'imagerie Raman in vitro de cellule individuelle vivante en interaction avec différents types de fibres afin de mieux évaluer l'effet pathogène de celle ci sur les cellules pulmonaire
Lung disease as asbestosis and mesothelioma come from the interaction between asbestos fibers and human cells. The morphological and chemical heterogeneity of these fibers leads us to use analytical techniques capable of analyzing the organic/inorganic interaction. Our work aims the development of FTIR method couple with the synchrotron radiation. Thanks to that technique, we could analyse the effects of the asbestos fibers on a lung human cell. These technique has been developped on cultured cells directly on IR transparent substrates. The experimentation have been developped to in vitro RAMAN imaging of individual living cell in interaction with different types of fibers. The goal was a better understanding of the pathological effect of the asbestos fibers on the human lung cells

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Charlet, Karine. "Contribution à l'étude de composites unidirectionnels renforcés par des fibres de lin : relation entre la microstructure de la fibre et ses propriétés mécaniques." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2012.

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Cette thèse porte sur la caractérisation morphologique et mécanique des fibres de lin. En effet, leur faible densité et leurs bonnes propriétés mécaniques permettent d’envisager leur utilisation comme renfort de polymères en remplacement des fibres de verre. Des fibres de lin ont d’abord été étudiées à partir d'observations de leurs sections et de leur profil longitudinal, ce qui a permis de déterminer leurs tailles moyennes et leur dispersion et de formuler un schéma d'organisation interne de la fibre de lin. Des essais de traction ont ensuite été réalisés sur des fibres unitaires. Leur comportement élasto-visco-plastique présente une non-linéarité initiale qui a été interprétée comme un réarrangement interne des constituants des parois. La comparaison avec d'autres fibres végétales ainsi que des observations de faciès de rupture de fibres ont permis de valider cette hypothèse de réorganisation. A partir de l’étude de fibres issues de différentes variétés de lin et prélevés en différents endroits le long des tiges, il est apparu que les fibres présentes dans la zone médiane des tiges présentaient des dimensions optimales et des propriétés mécaniques supérieures aux fibres apicales ou basales. Enfin, des composites unidirectionnels lin / polyester ont été fabriqués par contact et par compression, avec différents taux volumiques de fibres. Ceux-ci ont été testés en traction et en flexion par flambement afin de déterminer leurs propriétés mécaniques et de préciser leur mode d'endommagement. Les résultats montrent que, en plus de leur avantage écologique, les composites à base de fibres de lin sont mécaniquement compétitifs par rapport à ceux à base de fibres de verre
This doctoral dissertation deals with morphological and mechanical characteristics of flax fibres. Indeed, due to their lightness and their good mechanical properties, these fibres are considered as good alternatives for the glass fibres commonly used as reinforcement in polymer composites. At first, sections and longitudinal profiles of flax fibres were observed in order to determine their mean sizes and their scattering and to draw up an internal organisation scheme. Then, tensile tests were then performed on elementary fibres. Their mechanical behaviour displays a typical elasto-visco-plasticity as well as an initial non-linearity which has been attributed to an internal rearrangement of the cell wall constituents. The comparison with other natural fibres and the observation of fibre rupture surfaces allowed to corroborate this hypothesis. The study of fibres issued from two varieties and from different parts of the stems led to the conclusion that the median fibres exhibited optimal dimensions as well as higher mechanical properties than the apical or the basal ones. Finally, unidirectional composites made of flax fibres and polyester were processed by hand lay-up or by compression moulding, with several fibre volume fractions. They were tensile and flexural tested in order to determine their mechanical properties and their damage modes. The results show that flax fibres reinforced composites, in addition to their ecological benefit, are mechanically competitive compared to glass fibres reinforced composites

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Lafuste, Peggy Authier François-Jérôme. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la fusion des cellules précurseurs myogéniques humains." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2004. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0214091.pdf.

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Lanore, Frédéric. "Maturation morpho-fonctionnelle de la synapse fibre moussue/cellule pyramidale de CA3 dans l’hippocampe." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21734/document.

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Les synapses se forment selon plusieurs étapes comprenant la stabilisation des contacts nouvellement formés et leur maturation. Ces différentes étapes dépendent d’une mise en place coordonnée entre la terminaison pré- et postsynaptique. Les protéines composant la présynapse et les récepteurs ionotropiques du glutamate ont des rôles clés dans ces processus. Lors de ma thèse, je me suis intéressé à l’implication de la protéine présynaptique Bassoon lors de la maturation des synapses glutamatergiques entre les fibres moussues et les cellules pyramidales de CA3 dans l’hippocampe. Cette synapse constitue un modèle attractif pour l’étude de la maturation synaptique car elle suit des étapes de maturation morphologique et fonctionnelle bien définies. Bassoon est une des premières protéines se mettant en place au niveau des contacts synaptiques nouvellement formés. Par des approches électrophysiologiques, nous avons montré que la protéine Bassoon était importante pour l’organisation du site de libération de neurotransmetteur durant les deux premières semaines de vie post-natale chez la souris.Les récepteurs kaïnate jouent un rôle important dans la régulation de l’activité de réseau au cours du développement post-natal. Cependant l’impact de l’activation de ces récepteurs sur la maturation synaptique est peu connu. J’ai pu mettre en évidence un délai dans la maturation fonctionnelle de la synapse fibre moussue/cellule pyramidale de CA3 chez les souris déficientes pour la sous-unité GluK2 des récepteurs kaïnate (GluK2-/-). Afin de comprendre si ce délai de maturation fonctionnelle est corrélé à un retard dans la maturation morphologique de cette synapse, nous avons mis en place des infections de lentivirus codant pour une protéine membranaire fluorescente (YFP) chez le souriceau nouveau-né (P1-P2). A l’aide de microscopie confocale et de reconstruction en 3D, nous avons ainsi pu décrire la maturation morphologique de la synapse fibre moussue/cellule pyramidale de CA3. Cela m’a également permis de corréler la maturation fonctionnelle à la maturation morphologique et mes résultats montrent également un retard dans la mise en place des synapses chez les souris GluK2-/-. L’ensemble de cette étude révèle l’importance de l’activité synaptique et de la coordination entre mise en place de la pré- et de la postsynapse au cours de la maturation synaptique
The formation of synapses follows different steps including synaptogenesis and maturation. These different steps depend on coordinated pre- and post-synaptic assembly. Pre-synaptic proteins and ionotropic glutamate receptors play a central role in these processes. During my thesis, I have been interested in the implication of the presynaptic protein Bassoon in the maturation of the hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 pyramidal cell glutamatergic synapses. This synapse constitutes an attractive model for the study of synaptic maturation because it follows several steps of defined morphological and functional maturation. Bassoon in one of the first protein present at newly formed synaptic contacts. By electrophysiological approaches, we showed that Bassoon is important for the organization of the active zone during the first two postnatal weeks.Kainate receptors play an important role in the regulation of network activity during postnatal development. However, the impact of kainate receptors activation on synaptic maturation is less known. I showed a delay in functional maturation of mossy fiber synapses in mice deficient for the GluK2 subunit of kainate receptors (GluK2-/-). To know if this delay is correlated to morphological alterations of this synapse, we setup in vivo lentiviral infections of membrane fluorescent protein (YFP) in mouse pups (P1-P2). Using confocal microscopy and 3D reconstruction, we described the morphological maturation of mossy fiber synapses. We were able to correlate functional and morphological maturation and our results also showed an impairment in the formation of mossy fiber synapses in GluK2-/-. Together, these data reveal the importance of synaptic activity and of the coordination of pre- and post-synaptic assembly during synaptic maturation

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Vignaud, Timothée. "Production de forces par le cytosquelette d'actine : mécanismes et régulation par le micro-environnement." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENY056/document.

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Les travaux présentés se sont intéressés à la régulation des forces produites par le cytosquelette d'actine. Le rôle primordial joué par le microenvironnement a été au centre de nos investigations. L'étude de ces phénomènes a nécessité le développement de techniques innovantes. La première permet le contrôle en temps réel de la forme de la cellule. Elle utilise un laser UV pulsé pour modifier le microenvironnement adhésif de la cellule et contrôler les zones disponibles pour son étalement. La seconde est une amélioration d'une technique existante au sein du laboratoire. Il s'agit de produire des îlots de protéines d'adhésions, de forme contrôlée, sur un substrat déformable d'acrylamide. Ces supports permettent le contrôle de la taille de la cellule et de son organisation interne. En outre, l'élasticité de l'acrylamide permet la mesure des forces générées par la cellule. La dernière technique a combiné le patterning sur acrylamide avec l'ablation laser. Les forces produites au sein d'une structure particulière du cytosquelette ont ainsi pu être estimées. Deux grands mécanismes de régulation des forces ont pu être mis en évidence. L'utilisation de techniques de spectrométrie de masse, de mesure de forces et de biologie moléculaire a permis de mettre en évidence la coopération entre les différents types d'intégrines au niveau de l'adhésion cellulaire. Cette coopération permet un couplage entre l'architecture du cytosquelette et la quantité de moteurs moléculaires mettant en tension ces structures. Ces mécanismes sont primordiaux pour l'adaptation de la cellule à la rigidité de son environnement. Ce sont les structures d'actine qui produisent les forces qui seront transmises au niveau des adhésions. La corrélation entre la taille de ces structures et les forces générées est encore mal caractérisée. La relation entre taille des fibres de stress et répartition des forces au sein de la cellule a pu être étudiée et suggère que la force produite par une fibre de stress augmente avec sa longueur. Une étude systématique de la contractilité des cellules, sur des patterns de différentes tailles, a permis de montrer la relation entre la taille des fibres de stress et la force générée. Une relation biphasique a ainsi été mise en évidence. Quand la taille de la cellule augmente, la force générée au sein des fibres de stress commence par augmenter avant de diminuer au delà d'une longueur critique. Cette longueur correspond également à la taille maximale observée sur des cellules libres de s'étaler sans contraintes. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que cette chute de force est liée à une augmentation excessive du ratio myosine/actine qui ne permet plus une production de force efficace. Le mécanisme pourrait faire intervenir le désassemblage des structures d'actine par la myosine ou la quantité insuffisante d'actine pour permettre un travail efficace des moteurs moléculaires. La rencontre de ces deux mécanismes permet de définir le champ des possibles pour la cellule en terme de contractilité. Le mécanisme de chute de forces observé n'a pas pu être expliqué à ce jour mais nous travaillons activement pour qu'il le soit dans les mois à venir. Ce phénomène aura sans doute un grand rôle à jouer dans l'intégrité mécanique des tissus et les phénomènes de migration. La chute de force au delà de la longueur critique permet en effet de déstabiliser les adhésions et pourrait être à l'origine de la rétraction de la cellule dans la migration ou du détachement d'une cellule de ces voisines dans le cas d'un tissu sous forte contraintes. Ce détachement protégerait ainsi la cellule d'un déchirement sous l'effet de forces trop importantes
Our work has been focused on the regulation of the forces generated by the actin cytoskeleton. We have more precisely studied the role of the cellular microenvironment in this process. It was necessary to overcome some technical challenges to study these mechanisms. We developed two new techniques. The first one allows for the dynamic control of cell shape. A pulsed UV laser is used to modify the adhesive microenvironment around the cell and to create new area available for cell spreading. The second technique is an improvement of an existing technique from the laboratory. It consists in producing ECM protein islands on a elastic acrylamide substrate. This substrate provides the control of cell shape and internal organization. Plus, the elasticity of the substrate is compatible with traction forces measurements. The last technique combines acrylamide micropatterning and laser ablation of intracellular actin structures. Thus, the forces produced by a particular intracellular structure can be estimated. Two keys mechanisms of force regulation were shown. The use of mass spectrometry, traction force microscopy and molecular biology made it possible to study the interaction between different integrins in the adhesion complex. Cooperation was shown. It allows for the coupling between the architecture of the cytoskeleton and the amount of molecular motors in action. This process is necessary for the adaptation of cell forces to substrate stiffness. Actin structures are the one responsible for force production. This force can then be transmitted to the environment through adhesions.. The link between the length of actin fibers and the force produced was more precisely studied. The results showed a correlation between stress fibers length and the force generated inside it. This was true only above a certain critical value. After that, the force was rather decreasing with increasing fiber length. This critical length corresponds to the maximal length of cell axis on infinite 2D substrate. Our main hypothesis is that a too high myosin/actin ratio will block the proper force production/transmission within the fiber. Disassembly of actin by myosin or limited pool of actin are the two explanations we are currently following. The combination of these two-regulation process put brakes on force production by the cell. Above a certain length, the force produced is decreasing. This decreases in turn the strength of the adhesions anchored to these fibers. This will destabilize the adhesions and causes cell retraction The interplay between the regulation by the adhesion and the production of forces within the fiber set some limits on the level of forces produced by the cell. These processes are likely to be modified in a pathological context and can lead to tumor formation. They also protect the cell from being destroyed by stretching. If the length/stretch is too high, the cell will decrease its forces and detach from neighboring cells. This provide a system protecting the cell from being destroyed by massive deformations within the body

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Théry, Manuel. "Contrôle de la polarité des cellules adhérentes : utilisation de micro-patrons adhésifs pour la manipulation de l'architecture cellulaire et l'analyse quantitative de l'organisation des cellules en interphase et en mitose." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012058.

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Les travaux effectués au cours de cette thèse et présentés dans ce manuscrit consistent en l'utilisation de micro-patrons adhésifs pour l'étude de l'organisation spatiale des organites intracellulaires. Nous avions comme modèle de travail la compartimentation et la polarisation des cellules au sein des tissus. Dans cette situation, les cellules n'adhèrent pas de façon homogène et isotrope à leur environnement. Au contraire, elles s'attachent à leur voisines et à la matrice extracellulaire, en des endroits particuliers, grâce à des complexes transmembranaires, les adhésions. Ces adhésions sont une des bases structurales de la construction du cytosquelette. Leur distribution spatiale peut être anisotrope, et parfois asymétrique, ce qui guide la polarité intrinsèque des cellules.
Nous avons utilisé la technique d'impression par micro-contact pour manipuler la forme des cellules et la distribution de leurs adhésions. Les cellules adoptent l'enveloppe convexe du patron adhésif quelle que soit sa géométrie. Si, par exemple, les cellules sont contraintes de s'attacher à un T ou un V, sans pouvoir établir de contact en dehors de ce patron, elles adopteront dans les deux cas la même forme triangulaire. Nous avons utilisé cette propriété pour imposer aux cellules des formes identiques sur des patrons adhésifs différents afin d'analyser le rôle spécifique de la distribution des adhésions sur l'organisation du cytosquelette et des compartiments intracellulaires.
Nos mesures montrent que les cellules développent des tensions élevées dans les filaments d'actine, assemblés en fibres de stress, au-dessus des zones non adhésives. Sur les zones adhésives, la tension est plus faible, et la polymérisation de l'actine en un réseau branché induit la formation de protrusions membranaires. La localisation des protrusions est donc complémentaire de celle des zones contractiles.
Cette polarisation du système actine dirige le recrutement de certaines protéines dont l'activité influence la dynamique des microtubules. La croissance des microtubules en contact avec le cortex cellulaire est modulée différemment selon que l'actine forme des fibres de stress ou un réseau branché. Cependant, quel que soit le comportement des extrémités du réseau de microtubules à la périphérie, le centre du réseau, le centrosome, se maintient toujours au centre de la cellule. Le noyau est exclu de ce centre et se positionne vers les zones de contraction. Ainsi, à l'intérieur de la cellule, l'orientation de l'axe noyau-centrosome répond à l'asymétrie établie en périphérie.
La polarité du cortex est conservée pendant la division cellulaire ou mitose. Le corps cellulaire, qui s'est arrondi à l'entrée en mitose, est maintenu en contact avec le substrat adhésif par des fibres de rétraction riches en actine. Les mesures expérimentales de l'orientation des divisions, sur différents patrons adhésifs, révèlent que la distribution spatiale des ancrages de ces fibres sur la cellule guide l'orientation du fuseau mitotique, et par conséquent, le plan de division des cellules. En effet, les pôles du fuseau se positionnent en face des zones corticales où sont arrimées les fibres de rétraction, indépendamment de la forme qu'avait la cellule avant l'entrée en mitose.
Il existe des moteurs moléculaires ancrés dans le cortex des cellules et capables de tirer sur les microtubules astraux émanant des pôles du fuseau. En faisant l'hypothèse que ces moteurs ne sont activés que dans les zones où se situent les fibres de rétraction, on peut établir un modèle physique permettant de rendre compte de toutes les observations expérimentales effectuées.

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Chaves, Vieira Lins Luanda. "Study and development of electrospun fibers for biotechnology application." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI073.

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Actuellement, le procédé d’électrofilage également appelé electrospinning est une des voies les plus prometteuses permettant le design et le développement de nanofibres polymères poreuses. En effet, cette technique est simple d’utilisation, unique, modulable, à faible coût et est déjà couramment utilisée dans le milieu industriel. De part ces avantages, l’electrospinning fait l’objet d’un engouement grandissant de la recherche académique et industrielle dans plusieurs domaines d’applications tels que ceux de la filtration, la cosmétique, du textile, de l’ingénierie tissulaire et du domaine médical, notamment pour le relargage de molécules actives. De plus, cette technique est applicable sur de nombreux polymères synthétiques ou naturels et il est possible de contrôler de nombreux paramètres tels que la porosité, le diamètre des fibres ou encore la surface accessible. Un des premiers objectifs de cette thèse a été de développer des scaffolds pour le domaine de l’ingénierie des tissus neuronaux afin d’imiter les propriétés biologiques, physiques et mécaniques de la matrice extracellulaire native. Dans un premier temps, l’effet de l’alignement des fibres d’une matrice fluorée (PVDF) biocompatible a été étudié sur le comportement de cellules souches neurales de singe, en particulier les morphologies, l’adhésion cellulaire ainsi que leurs différentiations en cellules gliales ou neuronales. Dans un second temps, des scaffolds bioabsorbables composés de PLA et de PEG ont été synthétisés afin d’étudier l’influence de l’équilibre hydrophile-hydrophobe sur la culture de cellules souches neurales. Et dans une dernière partie, une véritable étude exploratoire a été réalisée afin de développer des textiles intelligents à base de PBAT contenant des curli, protéine bien connue pour sa capacité à chélater des métaux
Currently, the electrospinning process is also one of the most promising routes for the design and development of polymer fibers. This technique is easy to use, unique, versatile, and low cost, which can be used to create fibers from a variety of starting materials. The structure, chemical and mechanical stability, functionality, and other properties of the fibers can be modified to match end applications. The first goal of this thesis was to develop scaffolds for the field of neural tissue engineering in order to mimic the biological, physical and mechanical properties of the native extracellular matrix. In the first time, the effect of fiber alignment of a biocompatible and fluorinated matrix denoted polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was studied on the behavior of monkey neural stem cells particularly the morphology, cell adhesion and their differentiation in glial or neuronal cells. Secondly, bioabsorbable scaffolds composed of polylactide (PLA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers were synthesized to investigate the influence of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance on the culture of neural stem cells. Finally, an exploratory work was conducted to develop smart textiles based on poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) containing curli as protein, well-known for its ability to chelate metals

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Reye, John Timothy. "Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic fibers by cationic polyelectrolytes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39633.

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A new method for enhancing rates of enzymatic hydrolysis for cellulosic fiber is presented. By adding a cationic polyelectrolyte to a cellulase/cellulose hydrolytic system, the polyelectrolyte binds to the cellulase and fiber forming flocs. The cellulase is bound by a patching mechanism. By using this technique, the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis can be enhanced. This thesis covered observations made about the cellulase/cationic polyelectrolyte/fiber interactions. A mechanism was proposed based on the experimental results.

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Del, Broccolo Simone. "Effets de la topologie des cellules d'une structure en nid d'abeille." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD001.

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Les panneaux composites sandwich possédant une âme nid d'abeille permettent de disposer à la fois de propriétés statiques hors plan intéressantes (en raison de leur rigidité équivalente élevée) et de caractéristiques de masses faibles. Pour cette raison, ils sont largement utilisés dans les industries aérospatiale, automobile et navale. Les environnements dans lesquels ces matériaux sont utilisés mettent en jeu des efforts dans des gammes de fréquences larges. Si un rapport rigidité / masse élevé est profitable dans le domaine des basses fréquences, il conduit généralement à des comportements vibratoires et acoustiques médiocres lorsque la fréquence d’excitation augmente. La question abordée dans ce travail peut être formulée comme : comment les concepts périodiques peuvent-ils améliorer les signatures vibroacoustiques large bande et les performances de ces structures ? La plupart des solutions vibroacoustiques sont limitées en terme de bande de fréquences d’efficacité, et induisent généralement un ajout de masse. La prise en compte de règles de conception vibroacoustiques à un stade précoce du développement du produit est l'un des principaux objectifs de recherche en vue d’améliorer leurs performances et permettrait de concevoir des structures accordées sans aucune intervention ultérieure ou augmentation de masse. Ce travail se concentre donc sur l'étude des topologies de base de panneaux sandwich existants et a pour objectif de créer de nouvelles structures améliorées. La recherche a été menée en essayant de maintenir les propriétés structurelles souhaitées, ce qui justifie l'utilisation d'une telle solution en premier lieu, mais également en considérant son utilisation potentielle comme plate-forme pour la mise en place d’inserts de matériaux périodiques résonants. Ces noyaux cellulaires ont été fabriqués en utilisant la technique du Kirigami (qui est une variante de l'Origami) : il s’agit d’une ancienne technique japonaise qui consiste à créer des structures 3D en pliant et en découpant une feuille de matériau 2D. Cette technique de fabrication peut être utilisée comme un moyen systématique de produire des configurations générales en nid d'abeilles avec des composites à fibres longues par thermoformage et / ou autoclavage. Le principal indicateur utilisé ici afin d’évaluer les performances vibroacoustiques des topologies innovantes proposées est le nombre et la plage de bandes d'arrêt, également connues sous le nom de bandes interdites, qui décrivent les plages de fréquences dans lesquelles les ondes élastiques ne peuvent pas se propager dans la structure. Ce manuscrit est organisé en cinq chapitres. Le premier consiste en un bref aperçu des structures périodiques dans les différents domaines d'ingénierie. L'accent est mis sur les panneaux sandwich et leurs techniques de fabrication les plus populaires sera également décrit. Le deuxième chapitre présentera au lecteur le concept de propagation des ondes élastiques dans les milieux périodiques. De plus, des phénomènes comme les interférences de Bragg ou les bandes interdites résonantes seront présentés ainsi que la théorie de Floquet-Bloch appliquée aux structures à périodiques typiquement utilisées dans l’aéronautique. Cette dernière dérivation mathématique sera fusionnée avec l'approche d'analyse par éléments finis et mise en œuvre comme base pour les outils de prédiction numérique spécialement développés afin de permettre la réalisation d’investigations paramétriques sur des panneaux sandwich complets ou des cœurs nus. La théorie de Floquet-Bloch permet de récolter des informations cruciales sur le comportement dynamique de l’ensemble de la structure en n’effectuant l’analyse que sur une petite partie de celle-ci (cellule unitaire).[...]
Honeycomb sandwich panels are well known to provide interesting static out of plane properties because of their high equivalent stiffness whilst containing mass and for this reason, they are widely used as a ‘building brick’ in the Aerospace, Automotive and Naval industries. The environment in which these materials operate involve external forces which excites them in the mid-low frequency range. However, while a high stiffness/mass ratio is a desirable static property, the vibration frequency domain is usually in the high range and therefore they become poor mechanical and acoustic insulators within the frequency range they are usually subjected to. The question addressed then is simple: how periodic concepts can improve the broadband vibroacoustic signatures and performances of those structures? Most of vibroacoustic solutions are frequency band limited, specific and usually include the addition of mass, which for certain engineering segments is disadvantageous. Including vibroacoustic design rules at early stage of product development is one of the main research targets to improve their performance and would allow to design tuned structures without any later intervention or mass increment. This work focuses on investigating existing sandwich panel core topologies and attempt to create novel improved structures. The research was carried out trying to maintain the desired structural properties which justifies the usage of such solution in the first place but also considering its potential use as a platform for Multiphysics resonating periodic material inserts. Such cellular cores were manufactured using Kirigami, which is a variation of Origami, an ancient Japanese technique that consists in creating 3D structures by folding a 2D sheet of material. This manufacturing technique can be used as a systematic way to produce general honeycomb configurations with off-the-shelf long fibre composites by thermoforming and/or autoclaving. The main indicator on which I will focus to evaluate the vibroacoustic performance of the proposed innovative topologies will be the number and range of stopbands, also known as a bandgaps, which describe the frequency ranges in which elastic waves are not transmitted within the structure, in combination with the constituent material and its damping properties. This manuscript is organised in five chapters. The first one consists of a brief overview on periodic structures in the various engineering domains. Emphasis on Sandwich panels and their most popular manufacturing techniques will also be described. The second chapter will introduce the reader to the concept of elastic wave propagation in periodic media. Also, phenomena like Bragg or resonant bandgaps will be explained as well as the Floquet-Bloch theory applied to macro-scale structures such as aeronautical cellular cores.[...]

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Rosales, Marc. "Study of SiGe HPT for radio over fiber applications." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1101/document.

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Ce travail de thèse présente le développement de phototransistors bipolaires à hétérojonction (HPT) SiGe/Si mis en œuvre dans une technologie de processus 80GHz SiGe bipolaire pour des applications de transmission Radio-sur-Fibre. Le cas particuliers d'un réseau domestique sans fil à infrastructure optique est considéré pour lequel le critère de coût est prépondérant. Le fonctionnement des ce HPT SiGe/Si est étudié sous une longueur d'onde optique de 850 nm en exploitant des fibres optique multimode (MMF) suffisantes pour les besoins de bande passante dans un environnement de réseau domestique. Le HPT SiGe/Si est également développé dans l'objectif de permettre une intégration combiné du photorécepteur et circuit intégré monolithiquement, conduisant à des structures de type Opto-electronic Microwave Monolithically Integrated Circuit (OE-MMIC), visant à poursuivre l'intégration et la réduction des cours. Deux topologies ont été explorées principalement: 1) une topologie avec élargissement de la base et du collecteur (xBC HPT) et 2) une topologie avec élargissement des trois régions de base, émetteur et collecteur simultanément (xEBC HPT). Des variations technologies ont été réalisées et analysées en détail, à la fois en terme de couches verticales que de dessin de masque (layout). Les mesures ont démontré la validité technologique de chacune de ces approches, et permis d'isoler l'impact sur les performances statiques et dynamiques de chacune de ces couches. Une solution de type xEBC se montre ainsi préférable pour le cas de composants de petites dimensions inférieure à 50x50µm², dans la bande du GHz. Les phototransistors sont développés dans une configuration à trois terminaux (3T-HPT). Le type de polarisation de la base du HPT influe également sur la responsivité du phototransistor. Une polarisation de courant constant (CC) démontre une plus grande responsivité par rapport au cas d'une polarisation en tension ( CV). Une analyse détaillée montre aussi les différences de responsivité mesurées en continue et celles mesurées en basse fréquence à 50MHz. La connexion de base permet également de varier l'impédance de charge présentée sur celle-ci. La théorie de l'adaptation des phototransistors est rappelée. L'effet de différentes impédances de base sont étudiées par la simulation et la mesure des circuits réalisés technologiquement. L'intégration du phototransistor au sein d'un circuit élémentaire est enfin explorée. Différentes configurations de paires HPT - HBT sont étudiées, formant des circuits élémentaires. Des caractérisations expérimentales permettent de vérifier l'amélioration apportées par ces topologies par rapport au phototransistor unique. Enfin, un phototransistor SiGe en configuraiton 2T-HPT est utilisé et intégré avec succès pour la première fois au sein d'un module de type Receiving Optical Sub Assembly (ROSA) pour la mise au point d'une transmission Radio-sur-Fibre multiGigabit par seconde pour un réseau domestique
This research is focused on the study of silicon germanium based heterojunction bipolar phototransistors (SiGe HPTs) implemented in an 80GHz SiGe Bipolar process technology. It's application in a radio over fiber system for home area networks are investigated. RoF for Home area networks are envisioned to implemented with a minimal system cost. Operation at 850nm is identified as a critical parameter to achieve this goal. Low cost off the shelf optical components are readily available at this wavelength. The use of multi mode fibers (MMF) as opposed to higher cost single mode fiber (SMF) is sufficient for the bandwidth requirements in a home network environment. A monolithically integrated OE receiver chip would help in the overall reduction of the system cost by having the optical detector in the same chip with the electronic circuits. We have designed and implemented three terminal HPT (3T-HPT) structures. The two main groups of the HPT structures are: 1) HPTs with extended Base and Collector regions (xBC HPT) and 2) HPTs with extended Emitter, Base and Collector regions (xEBC HPT). Variations to improve optical coupling the though optimizations in the vertical stack and lateral size of the HPT. The measurements and characterization showed that all the structures are compatible with the process technology. The type of biasing used in the base of the HPT also influences the HPT performance. A constant current (CC) bias has higher extracted DC responsivity as compared to a constant voltage (CV) bias. The effects of the different passive base loads on the HPT responsivity are studied through simulation and measurement of fabricated circuits. The impedance presented on the base has a great influence on the HPT responsivity. The performance of an HPT as circuit component is studied using different HPT-HBT pair configurations. Tests and measurements verify that improvement in the classical transistor pair configurations are also present in the opto microwave response of the HPT-HBT pair. Finally, SiGe hpt is used in the development of a ROSA module for a radio over fiber systems for home area network

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Aymard, Christophe. "Rôle exercé par les fibroblastes dans la myogenèse de myotubes génétiquement atteints (souris muscular dysgenesis) et perturbation métabolique des fibroblastes du muscle mutant." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28245.

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Bjurhager, Ingela. "Mechanical behaviour of hardwoods : effects from cellular and cell wall structures." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Fibre and Polymer Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4830.

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Syftet med den här avhandlingen var att undersöka mekaniska egenskaper hos olika arter av lövträd, och koppla egenskaperna till cell- och cellväggsstrukturen i materialet. Arterna som omfattades av undersökningen var Europeisk asp (Populus tremula), hybridasp (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides) och ek (Quercus robur). Arterna inom familjen Populus, inklusive den snabbväxande hybridaspen, har på senare tid kommit att användas inom ett stort antal projekt inom genforskningen. Det har i sin tur ökat behovet av noggrannare bestämning av mekaniska egenskaper hos dessa arter. Ek har sedan tusentals år tillbaka varit ett populärt konstruktionsmaterial; något som har resulterat i ett stort antal arkeologiska ekfynd. Konservering av dessa inkluderar ofta dimensionsstabilisering med hjälp av polyetylen-glykol (PEG); en kemikalie som man vet påverkar de mekaniska egenskaperna. I vilken utstäckning detta sker är däremot inte helt klarlagt. Studien på euoropeisk asp och hybridasp inkluderade utveckling av en ny metod för provning av små juvenila prov i grönt tillstånd. Töjningsmätningar gjordes med hjälp av digital speckelfotografering (DSP). Axiell dragstyvhet och draghållfasthet var av speciellt intresse. Sämre mekaniska egenskaper hos hybridaspen korrelerade med medelvärden på densitet, som var lägre för hybriden än för den Europeiska aspen.

Ek undersöktes i svällt tillstånd, där svällningen inducerades med hjälp av PEG (molekylvikt 600). Axiell dragstyvhet och draghållfasthet samt radiell tryckstyvhet och ytspänning undersöktes. Töjningsmätningar i axiell riktning gjordes med hjälp av videoextensiometer, medan töjning i radiell riktning gjordes med hjälp av DSP. Övrig karakterisering av materialet inkluderade scanning electron microscopy (SEM), röntgenmikrotomografi och wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) för bestämning av mikrofibrillvinkel. Axiell dragstyvhet och draghållfasthet påverkades bara marginellt av PEG-behandlingen. WAXS-mätningarna visade att mikrofibrillvinkeln i materialet var mycket liten. Därigenom blir de mekaniska egenskaperna i axiell riktning till stor del beroende av mikrofibrillerna, vilket samtidigt minimerar den mjukningseffekt som PEG-impregneringen har på cellväggsmatrisen. De mekaniska egenskaperna i radiell kompression påverkades däremot starkt negativt av impregneringen. Detta antogs bero på den försvagande och uppmjukande effekt som PEG:en har på de radiellt orienterade märgstrålarna i veden.

The aim of this work was to investigate the mechanical properties of different hardwood species and relate the properties to the structure at the cellular and cell wall level. The species examined were European aspen (Populus tremula), hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides) and European oak (Quercus robur). The Populus species, including the fast-growing hybrid aspen, are used in a large number of projects using transgene technology, which also has raised the demand for a more extensive determination of mechanical properties of the species. Oak have been a popular construction material for thousands of years, esulting in a vast number of archaeological findings. Preservation of these often includes dimensional stabilization by polyethylene glycol (PEG), an impregnation agent which affects the mechanical properties. To which extent is not properly investigated, however. The study on European and hybrid aspen included development of a method for tensile testing of small, juvenile specimens in the green condition, where strain was measured using the digital speckle photography (DSP) technique. Mechanical performance of the species in terms of longitudinal tensile stiffness and strength were of special interest. Inferior mechanical properties of hybrid aspen corresponded well to mean values of density, which were lower for the hybrid aspen compared to European aspen.

Oak was examined in the swollen state, where swelling was induced by PEG with molecular weight 600. Longitudinal tensile stiffness and strength as well as radial stiffness and yield strength in compression were compared. Longitudinal and radial strain was measured using video extensiometry and DSP, respectively. Additional characterization of the material included imaging from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray microtomography and determination of microfibril angle using wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Tensile stiffness and strength in the axial direction were only slightly affected by PEG-impregnation. WAXS measurements showed that microfibril angles were close to zero which implicates that cell wall properties are strongly dependent on the microfibrils, and only marginally influenced by the plasticization effects from PEG on the lignin/hemicellulose matrix. In the radial direction, on the other hand, mechanical performance was strongly decreased by PEG-impregnation. This was believed to originate from softening of rays.

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Lin, Wing Shan Linda. "Effect of moisture and other volatiles on the cellular structure of plastic/wood-fiber composite foams." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63121.pdf.

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Wilkin, Linda D. "REHABILITATIVE INFLUENCE OF THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND TREATMENT ON CELLULAR MARKERS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE REGENERATION FOLLOWING BLUNT CONTUSION INJURY." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1029356546.

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Jorapur, Nikhil Sudhindrarao. "Design, Fabrication and Testing of Fiber-Reinforced Cellular Structures with Tensegrity Behavior using 3D Printed Sand Molds." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84531.

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The overall goal of this work is to improve the structural performance of cellular structures in bending applications by incorporating tensegrity behavior using long continuous fibers. The designs are inspired by the hierarchical cellular structure composition present in pomelo fruit and the structural behavior of tensegrity structures. A design method for analyzing and predicting the behavior of the structures is presented. A novel manufacturing method is developed to produce the cellular structures with tensegrity behavior through the combination additive manufacturing and metal casting techniques. Tensegrity structures provide high stiffness to mass ratio with all the comprising elements experiencing either tension or compression. This research investigates the possibility of integrating tensegrity behavior with cellular structure mechanics and provides a design procedure in this process. The placement of fibers in an octet cellular structure was determined such that tensegrity behavior was achieved. Furthermore, using finite element analysis the bending performance was evaluated and the influence of fibers was measured using the models. The overall decrease in bending stress was 66.6 %. Extending this analysis, a design strategy was established to help designers in selecting fiber diameter based on the dimensions and material properties such that the deflection of the overall structure can be controlled. This research looks to Additive Manufacturing (AM) as a means to introduce tensegrity behavior in cellular structures. By combining Binder Jetting and metal casting a controlled reliable process is shown to produce aluminum octet-cellular structures with embedded fibers. 3D-printed sand molds embedded with long continuous fibers were used for metal casting. The fabricated structures were then subjected to 4 point bending tests to evaluate the effects of tensegrity behavior on the cellular mechanics. Through this fabrication and testing process, this work addresses the gap of evaluating the performance of tensegrity behavior. The overall strength increase by 30%. The simulation and experimental results were then compared to show the predictability of this process with errors of 2% for octet structures without fibers and 6% for octet structures with fibers.
Master of Science

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El-Turabi, Aadil. "Studies on fibre protein of human adenovirus type 3 and its cellular receptor." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400265.

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Hocine, Malik Kugel Godefroy. "Croissance d'un micro-composant en bout de fibre optique par photopolymérisation." Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2004/Hocine.Malik.SMZ0411.pdf.

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Bourdon, Sylvie. "Développement d'une membrane à base d'un mélange de polymère, hydrophobe et de polymère hydrophile : élaboration, caractérisation et essais de filtration." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30248.

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Van, der Meeren Anne. "Facteurs de croissance produits par des cultures de cellules mésothéliales pleurales de rat transformées par des fibres d'amiante caractérisation et effets sur la prolifération et le cycle cellulaire /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619045q.

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Van, der Meeren Anne. "Facteurs de croissance produits par des cultures de cellules mésothéliales pleurales de rat transformées par des fibres d'amiante : caractérisation et effets sur la prolifération et le cycle cellulaire." Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA120025.

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Girault, Raynald. "Caractérisation biochimique des polymères incrustant les parois secondaires des fibres de lin." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES055.

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Les fibres élémentaires dépectinisées de lin mature (linum usitatissimum L. ) renferment, en association forte avec les dépôts secondaires de cellulose, des polymères incrustants variés. Ces polymères pourraient avoir une influence notable sur les propriétés mécaniques, et notamment sur la résistance aux tensions, de ces fibres. De nombreux polymères incrustant les parois secondaires des fibres élémentaires dépectinisées de lin ont ete caractérisés, après extraction chimique ou enzymatique. Le composé majoritaire est un long (1→4)-galactane. Ce polymère pourrait constituer les ramifications latérales de rhamnogalacturonanes de type I. Outre les polysaccharides, des protéines ont aussi été identifiées. L'une de ces protéines appartient au groupe des protéines riches en leucine, les deux autres appartenant au groupe des protéines pariétales de structure, et plus particulièrement aux protéines riches en glycine et aux arabinogalactane-protéines. Le rôle possible de chacun de ces incrustants dans les fibres élémentaires de lin est abordé. La possibilité d'une interaction entre les arabinogalactane-protéines et les (1→4)-galactanes a été mise en évidence. Les modalités de cette interaction sont discutées.

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44

Lee, Hung-Tai. "Cellular and molecular studies of postembryonic muscle fibre recruitment in zebrafish (Danio rerio L.)." Thesis, St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/901.

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Maingret, Vincent. "Modulation de la plasticité synaptique par les prostaglandines E2 à la synapse fibre moussue/cellule pyramidale CA3 en conditions physiologiques et dans un modèle murin de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0313/document.

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La maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) est la forme la plus commune de démence chez les personnes âgées. La maladie se caractérise par des pertes de fonctions cognitives et plusieurs études ont montré une étroite relation entre la neuroinflammation, les déficits synaptiques et la perte des fonctions cognitives dans la MA. L'importance de la composante neuroinflammatoire a été démontrée essentiellement grâce à des données épidémiologiques rapportant une prévalence diminuée de 40 à 70% chez des patients traités chroniquement par des anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (AINS) pour d'autres pathologies. Les AINS sont des inhibiteurs des enzymes de synthèse des prostaglandines. Les prostaglandines sont des métabolites de l’acide arachidonique. Parmi ces prostaglandines, la PGE2 est connue pour moduler la transmission et les plasticités synaptiques dans l’hippocampe et son expression est fortement augmentée dans la maladie d’Alzheimer. De nombreux travaux rapportent l'existence de déficits synaptiques dans la MA, notamment dans l'hippocampe, siège de la mémoire et de l’apprentissage. Ces travaux se sont focalisés sur les déficits postsynaptiques à la synapse archétypique formée entre les cellules pyramidales CA3 et CA1. A l'inverse, la synapse formée entre les fibres moussues et les cellules pyramidales CA3 (FM-CA3) exprime des plasticités présynaptiques atypiques, à court et à long terme, indépendantes des récepteurs NMDA et il n'existe que très peu d'études concernant ces plasticités dans le contexte de MA. L’objectif de cette étude a été de montrer l’implication de PGE2 dans les déficits synaptiques à la synapse FM-CA3 dans un modèle murin de la MA, la souris double transgénique APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1). Nos résultats montrent que l’application exogène de PGE2 chez des souris sauvages entraîne un déficit de plasticité uniquement sur la potentialisation à long terme (PLT) exprimée présynaptiquement via l’activation spécifique du récepteur EP3. Nous montrons aussi que dans la souris APP/PS1, seule cette PLT présynaptique est impactée à partir de 12 mois. Enfin, ce déficit de la PLT présynaptique pour la souris APP/PS1 est réversé par un inhibiteur spécifique des récepteurs EP3 montrant ainsi un rôle clé pour la signalisation PGE2 - EP3 dans les déficits synaptiques hippocampaux de ce modèle murin de la maladie d’Alzheimer
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in elder people characterized by a loss of cognitive function linked to synaptic deficits. There is considerable evidence that neuroinflammation and AD are intimately linked. The key role of neuroinflammation in the course of the disease was figured out by epidemiological studies reporting a reduced prevalence to develop AD for patients chronically treated with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). Prostaglandins are lipidic mediators derived from arachidonic acid and their synthesis is inhibited by NSAIDs. Among prostaglandins, PGE2 is known to modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity in the hippocampus and its concentration is higher in brains from AD patients. Numerous studies have reported synaptic deficits in the course of AD, mainly in the hippocampus which is essential for cognitive functions like learning or memory formation. The vast majority of these studies were focused on postsynaptic deficits at the canonical CA3-CA1 synapse. On the opposite, the synapse between mossy fiber and CA3 pyramidal cell (Mf-CA3) that express presynaptic short-term and long-term plasticity, was poorly studied in the context of AD. The aim of my project was to decipher the involvement of PGE2 in synaptic deficits in a mouse model of AD, the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1). Our results show that acute application of PGE2 on wild type young mice impairs only presynaptic long term potentiation (LTP) at the Mf-CA3 synapse via the specific activation of EP3 receptor. In APP/PS1 mice, we demonstrate that the sole deficit at the Mf-CA3 synapse is an impairment of the presynaptic LTP at 12 months of age. Finally we demonstrate that the impaired presynaptic LTP in APP/PS1 mice can be rescued by the acute application of a specific EP3 receptor antagonist, pointing out the key role of PGE2 - EP3 signaling pathway in synaptic deficits in hippocampus in a mouse model of AD

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Swieb, Salem Yiou René Saadia Eddahibi. "Développement de thérapies cellulaires pour les complications urinaires et sexuelles de la prostatectomie radicale." S. l. : Paris Est, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0417525.pdf.

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Ename-Obiang, Paul Francis. "Utilisation des résonateurs hélicoïdaux comme cellules de mesures de la permittivité et comme applicateurs microondes pour le chauffage des matériaux." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10010.

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L’auteur propose une méthode de mesure de la permittivité des matériaux solides pour laquelle il suffit de disposer d'un échantillon de très petite taille. La méthode met en œuvre une cavité hélicoïdale. Il traite en détail la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques dans un guide hélicoïdal et montre qu'un élément de ligne court-circuite à ses extrémités constitue une cavité dont la particularité et de résonner a un intervalle régulier dans un large domaine de fréquence. Cette particularité permet d'effectuer des mesures de la permittivité des matériaux sur une large bande de fréquence. L’interprétation des résultats est faite par une formule qui généralise la formule des petites perturbations. L’auteur justifie cette formule et la procédure d'étalonnage qu'il recommande, en présentant des résultats concernant plusieurs liquides de références. Par ailleurs on peut mettre à profit l'homogénéité de la température dans un échantillon de petite taille pour faire des mesures précises en fonction de la température. Enfin, l'auteur montre que les cavités hélicoïdales peuvent aussi être utilisées pour réaliser des applicateurs microondes industriels performants, destines au chauffage des matériaux peu absorbants

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Barbe, Laurent. "Mécanismes d'adhérence des leucocytes aux fibres synthétiques : application à la filtration du sang." Paris 7, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002228.

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Chagnot, Caroline. "Colonisation de la viande par Escherichia coli O157∶H7 : caractérisation moléculaire, cellulaire et tissulaire des interactions." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22448/document.

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Escherichia coli O157:H7 est le sérotype le plus souvent incriminé lors de toxi-infection alimentaire par les E. coli entérohémorragiques (EHEC). Il peut être associé, dans les cas les plus graves, à des colites hémorragiques mortelles et au syndrome hémolytique et urémique (SHU), touchant essentiellement les jeunes enfants. Le vecteur alimentaire le plus courant lors de ces contaminations est le boeuf haché. L’étape primaire de la contamination bactérienne se situe lors de l'abattage où les bactéries peuvent être transférées de la peau à la carcasse. Une gaine conjonctive entoure les muscles, sa composition protéique, similaire à la matrice extracellulaire (ECM), pourrait jouer un rôle dans l'adhésion bactérienne. Dans un premier temps, l’étude de l'adhésion et de la colonisation des bactéries aux protéines majeures de l’ECM musculaire, a révélé une forte influence des conditions de croissances sur l’adhésion, l'adhésion étant maximale à 25°C et pH7, en particulier aux collagènes I et III. Chez les EHEC, diverses protéines de surfaces peuvent être potentiellement impliquées dans l’adhésion à l’ECM. Le rôle d'un autotransporteur, l'antigène 43 (Ag43), dans l'autoagrégation, l'adhésion et la formation de biofilm, a été établit chez E. coli O157:H7 EDL933. Par la suite, les interactions entre E. coli O157:H7 et la viande ont été étudiées sur deux muscles modèles de types métabolique et contractile opposés (Soleus oxidatif lent et EDL, glycolytique rapide), caractérisés par microspectroscopie de fluorescence UV couplée au rayonnement synchrotron. Les différents types de fibres musculaires ainsi que l’effet d’une anoxie prolongée simulant la maturation des viandes ont été discriminés par leurs réponses spectrales après une excitation à 275 nm. Un tropisme bactérien plus élevé pour le muscle soleus que pour le muscle EDL a été clairement observé. Bien qu'E. coli O157:H7 adhère de manière similaire aux différents types de fibres musculaires, l'adhésion des bactéries se fait essentiellement au niveau de l'ECM, mettant en évidence le rôle clé de l'ECM et du tissu conjonctif musculaire dans l’adhésion des E. coli O157:H7 à la viande. Ces travaux de recherche sur l’adhésion bactérienne aux muscles squelettiques aux niveaux moléculaires, cellulaires et tissulaires fournissent les premières connaissances sur la physiologie des EHEC lors de la contamination de la viande et constituent un pré-requis indispensable au développement de pratiques et de stratégies innovantes afin de réduire le risque de contamination des viandes
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is the most prevalent serotype involved in foodborne infection by enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). It is associated with life-threatening hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolyticuremic syndrome (HUS), which essentially affect young children. The major food vector of EHEC contamination is ground beef. The primary bacterial contamination occurs during the slaughter, essentially at dehiding stage where bacteria can be transferred from hides to carcasses. The connective tissue surrounding the muscle, highly similar to extracellular matrix (ECM) could potentially be a support for bacterial adhesion. When investigating the adhesion and colonization to the main muscle fibrous ECM proteins, the great influence of growth conditions on subsequent bacterial attachment was shown. Maximal adhesion to ECM proteins occurred at 25°C and pH 7, especially to collagens I and III. In EHEC, various surface-exposed protein determinants can be expressed and potentially involved in ECM adhesion. Investigating the autoaggregation, bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, the involvement of Antigen 43 (Ag43), an autotransporter protein, was demonstrated in E. coli O157:H7 EDL933. Then, the attachment of E. coli O157:H7 to the meat was determined on two different model muscles, with different contractile and metabolic characteristic (Soleus oxidative, slow and EDL glycolytic, fast), previously characterized by UV microspectroscopy coupled to synchrotron radiation fluorescence. The different of muscle fiber types and the effect of a prolonged anoxia simulating maturing meat were discriminated by their spectral responses after excitation at 275 nm. It clearly appeared that bacteria displayed differential tropism as function of the muscle types, higher for the Soleus than the EDL muscles. While E. coli O157:H7 adhered similarly to the different types of muscle fibers, bacterial adherence essentially occurred at the ECM, pinpointing the key role of connective tissue for E. coli O157:H7 adhesion to meat. This first comprehensive investigation of bacterial adhesion to skeletal muscles at molecular, cellular and tissue levels provides new insight in the physiology of the colonization of meat by EHEC and constitutes a prerequisite for the development of innovative practices and strategies to minimize the risk of meat contamination

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Badrinath, Krishan. "Founder Cell and Myoblast Interactions during IFM Myogenesis in Drosophila: the Regulation of Myoblast Proliferation, Fusion, and Fiber Formation." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1229615387.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cellular fibers'

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