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Journal articles on the topic 'Cells - Micromechanical Structures'
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1
Wang, Junling, Yongbo Zhang, Xiao Yang, and Xiaobing Ma. "Stress effect on 3D culturing of MC3T3-E1 cells on microporous bovine bone slices." Nanotechnology Reviews 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0103.
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Abstract The choosing of micromechanical environment is very important for the growth of bone-related cells. In this paper, bovine cancellous bone slices with 3D porous structures were used for 3D culturing of MC3T3-E1 cells (Mouse embryo osteoblast precursor cells) through a four-point-bending device due to their good biocompatibility and strength. Effects of micromechanical environment on the growth of MC3TC-E1 cells were investigated by immunofluorescent staining and alkaline phosphatase analysis, and the most positive microporous structures were found. In addition, a model of cell density vs stress was established through a specific normalization method and finite element simulation. The results showed that the micromechanical environment of the bone slices promoted cell proliferation, and the detail influence of stress on cell proliferation could be described by the mathematical model, which could provide a theoretical basis for the design of micromechanical environment in the bone tissue engineering scaffolds to stimulate cell proliferation.
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Esue, Osigwe, Denis Wirtz, and Yiider Tseng. "GTPase Activity, Structure, and Mechanical Properties of Filaments Assembled from Bacterial Cytoskeleton Protein MreB." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 3 (February 1, 2006): 968–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.188.3.968-976.2006.
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ABSTRACT MreB, a major component of the recently discovered bacterial cytoskeleton, displays a structure homologous to its eukaryotic counterpart actin. Here, we study the assembly and mechanical properties of Thermotoga maritima MreB in the presence of different nucleotides in vitro. We found that GTP, not ADP or GDP, can mediate MreB assembly into filamentous structures as effectively as ATP. Upon MreB assembly, both GTP and ATP release the gamma phosphate at similar rates. Therefore, MreB is an equally effective ATPase and GTPase. Electron microscopy and quantitative rheology suggest that the morphologies and micromechanical properties of filamentous ATP-MreB and GTP-MreB are similar. In contrast, mammalian actin assembly is favored in the presence of ATP over GTP. These results indicate that, despite high structural homology of their monomers, T. maritima MreB and actin filaments display different assembly, morphology, micromechanics, and nucleotide-binding specificity. Furthermore, the biophysical properties of T. maritima MreB filaments, including high rigidity and propensity to form bundles, suggest a mechanism by which MreB helical structure may be involved in imposing a cylindrical architecture on rod-shaped bacterial cells.
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Zyganitidis, Ioannis, Alexandros Arailopoulos, and Dimitrios Giagopoulos. "Composite Material Elastic Effective Coefficients Optimization by Means of a Micromechanical Mechanical Model." Applied Mechanics 3, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 779–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmech3030046.
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The presented research work demonstrates an efficient methodology based on a micromechanical framework for the prediction of the effective elastic properties of strongly bonded long-fiber-reinforced materials (CFRP) used for the construction of tubular structures. Although numerous analytical and numerical micromechanical models have been developed to predict the mechanical response of CFRPs, either they cannot accurately predict complex mechanical responses due to limits on the input parameters or they are resource intensive. The generalized method of cells (GMC) is capable of assessing more detailed strain fields in the vicinity of fiber–matrix interfaces since it allows for a plethora of material and structural parameters to be defined while being computationally effective. The GMC homogenization approach is successfully combined with the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA–ES) to identify the effective elasticity tensor Cij of CFRP materials. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methodology are validated by comparing predicted effective properties with previously measured experimental data on CFRP cylindrical samples made of 3501-6 epoxy matrix reinforced with AS4 carbon fibers. The proposed and validated method can be successively used in both analyzing the mechanical responses of structures and designing new optimized composite materials.
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Belický, Štefan, Jaroslav Katrlík, and Ján Tkáč. "Glycan and lectin biosensors." Essays in Biochemistry 60, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20150005.
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A short description about the importance of glycan biorecognition in physiological (blood cell type) and pathological processes (infections by human and avian influenza viruses) is provided in this review. Glycans are described as much better information storage media, compared to proteins or DNA, due to the extensive variability of glycan structures. Techniques able to detect an exact glycan structure are briefly discussed with the main focus on the application of lectins (glycan-recognising proteins) in the specific analysis of glycans still attached to proteins or cells/viruses. Optical, electrochemical, piezoelectric and micromechanical biosensors with immobilised lectins or glycans able to detect a wide range of analytes including whole cells/viruses are also discussed.
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Campos Marin, A., and D. Lacroix. "The inter-sample structural variability of regular tissue-engineered scaffolds significantly affects the micromechanical local cell environment." Interface Focus 5, no. 2 (April 6, 2015): 20140097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2014.0097.
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Rapid prototyping techniques have been widely used in tissue engineering to fabricate scaffolds with controlled architecture. Despite the ability of these techniques to fabricate regular structures, the consistency with which these regular structures are produced throughout the scaffold and from one scaffold to another needs to be quantified. Small variations at the pore level can affect the local mechanical stimuli sensed by the cells thereby affecting the final tissue properties. Most studies assume rapid prototyping scaffolds as regular structures without quantifying the local mechanical stimuli at the cell level. In this study, a computational method using a micro-computed tomography-based scaffold geometry was developed to characterize the mechanical stimuli within a real scaffold at the pore level. Five samples from a commercial polycaprolactone scaffold were analysed and computational fluid dynamics analyses were created to compare local velocity and shear stress values at the same scaffold location. The five samples did not replicate the computer-aided design (CAD) scaffold and velocity and shear stress values were up to five times higher than the ones calculated in the CAD scaffold. In addition high variability among samples was found: at the same location velocity and shear stress values could be up to two times higher from sample to sample. This study shows that regular scaffolds need to be thoroughly analysed in order to quantify real cell mechanical stimuli so inspection methods should be included as part of the fabrication process.
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Michels, Lucile, Vera Gorelova, Yosapol Harnvanichvech, Jan Willem Borst, Bauke Albada, Dolf Weijers, and Joris Sprakel. "Complete microviscosity maps of living plant cells and tissues with a toolbox of targeting mechanoprobes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 30 (July 15, 2020): 18110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921374117.
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Mechanical patterns control a variety of biological processes in plants. The microviscosity of cellular structures effects the diffusion rate of molecules and organelles, thereby affecting processes such as metabolism and signaling. Spatial variations in local viscosity are also generated during fundamental events in the cell life cycle. While crucial to a complete understanding of plant mechanobiology, resolving subcellular microviscosity patterns in plants has remained an unsolved challenge. We present an imaging microviscosimetry toolbox of molecular rotors that yield complete microviscosity maps of cells and tissues, specifically targeting the cytosol, vacuole, plasma membrane, and wall of plant cells. These boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based molecular rotors are rigidochromic by means of coupling the rate of an intramolecular rotation, which depends on the mechanics of their direct surroundings, with their fluorescence lifetime. This enables the optical mapping of fluidity and porosity patterns in targeted cellular compartments. We show how apparent viscosity relates to cell function in the root, how the growth of cellular protrusions induces local tension, and how the cell wall is adapted to perform actuation surrounding leaf pores. These results pave the way to the noninvasive micromechanical mapping of complex tissues.
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Vavakou, Anna, Jan Scherberich, Manuela Nowotny, and Marcel van der Heijden. "Tuned vibration modes in a miniature hearing organ: Insights from the bushcricket." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 39 (September 22, 2021): e2105234118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2105234118.
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Bushcrickets (katydids) rely on only 20 to 120 sensory units located in their forelegs to sense sound. Situated in tiny hearing organs less than 1 mm long (40× shorter than the human cochlea), they cover a wide frequency range from 1 kHz up to ultrasounds, in tonotopic order. The underlying mechanisms of this miniaturized frequency-place map are unknown. Sensory dendrites in the hearing organ (crista acustica [CA]) are hypothesized to stretch, thereby driving mechanostransduction and frequency tuning. However, this has not been experimentally confirmed. Using optical coherence tomography (OCT) vibrometry, we measured the relative motion of structures within and adjacent to the CA of the bushcricket Mecopoda elongata. We found different modes of nanovibration in the CA that have not been previously described. The two tympana and the adjacent septum of the foreleg that enclose the CA were recorded simultaneously, revealing an antiphasic lever motion strikingly reminiscent of vertebrate middle ears. Over the entire length of the CA, we were able to separate and compare vibrations of the top (cap cells) and base (dorsal wall) of the sensory tissue. The tuning of these two structures, only 15 to 60 μm (micrometer) apart, differed systematically in sharpness and best frequency, revealing a tuned periodic deformation of the CA. The relative motion of the two structures, a potential drive of transduction, demonstrated sharper tuning than either of them. The micromechanical complexity indicates that the bushcricket ear invokes multiple degrees of freedom to achieve frequency separation with a limited number of sensory cells.
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Cheng, X., A. M. Sastry, and B. E. Layton. "Transport in Stochastic Fibrous Networks." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 123, no. 1 (July 31, 2000): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1322357.
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Some fundamental issues concerning the design and performance of stochastic porous structures are examined, stemming from application of advanced fibrous electrode substrates in NiMH automotive cells. These electrodes must resist corrosion and local failures under hundreds of charge/discharge cycles. Such fibrous materials can be effectively used as substrates for chemical reactions because of their combinations of high surface area and high conductivity. Key questions concerning the relationships among connectivity and conductivity, scale and variability in material response are addressed. Two techniques are developed and compared for use in predicting these materials’ conductivity. The first approach uses a statistical technique in conjunction with an adaptation of classic micromechanical models. The second approach uses the statistical generation technique, followed by an exact calculation of 2D network conductivity. The two techniques are compared with one another and with classic results. Several important conclusions about the design of these materials are presented, including the importance of use of fibers with aspect ratios greater than at least 50, the weak effect of moderate alignment for unidirectional conductivity, and the weak power-law behavior of conductivity versus volume fraction over the range of possible behaviors.
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Monteiro-Reis, Sara, João P. S. Ferreira, Ricardo A. Pires, João Lobo, João A. Carvalho, Rui L. Reis, Renato Natal Jorge, and Carmen Jerónimo. "Bladder Wall Stiffness after Cystectomy in Bladder Cancer Patients: A Preliminary Study." Cancers 15, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15020359.
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Bladder cancer (BlCa), specifically urothelial carcinomas, is a heterogeneous disease that derives from the urothelial lining. Two main classes of BlCa are acknowledged: the non-muscle invasive BlCa and the muscle-invasive BlCa; the latter constituting an aggressive disease which invades locally and metastasizes systemically. Distinguishing the specific microenvironment that cancer cells experience between mucosa and muscularis propria layers can help elucidate how these cells acquire invasive capacities. In this work, we propose to measure the micromechanical properties of both mucosa and muscularis propria layers of the bladder wall of BlCa patients, using atomic force microscopy (AFM). To do that, two cross-sections of both the macroscopically normal urinary bladder wall and the bladder wall adjacent to the tumor were collected and immediately frozen, prior to AFM samples analysis. The respective “twin” formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue fragments were processed and later evaluated for histopathological examination. H&E staining suggested that tumors promoted the development of muscle-like structures in the mucosa surrounding the neoplastic region. The average Young’s modulus (cell stiffness) in tumor-adjacent specimens was significantly higher in the muscularis propria than in the mucosa. Similarly, the tumor-free specimens had significantly higher Young’s moduli in the muscularis propria than in the urothelium. Young’s moduli were higher in all layers of tumor-adjacent tissues when compared with tumor-free samples. Here we provide insights into the stiffness of the bladder wall layers, and we show that the presence of tumor in the surrounding mucosa leads to an alteration of its smooth muscle content. The quantitative assessment of stiffness range here presented provides essential data for future research on BlCa and for understanding how the biomechanical stimuli can modulate cancer cells’ capacity to invade through the different bladder layers.
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Bhatia, R., N. Almqvist, S. Banerjee, G. Primbs, N. Desai, and R. Lai. "Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy Maps to Study Receptors Clustering." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 860–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600030373.
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An atomic force microscope (AFM) allows molecular resolution imaging of hydrated specimens. However, it is often limited in providing identity of the imaged structures, especially in a complex system such as a cellular membrane. Cell surface macromolecules such as ion channels and receptors serve as the interface between the cytoplasm and the extracellular region and toward which many regulatory signals are directed. Their density, distribution and clustering are key spatial features influencing effective and proper physiological responses. We used a method that uses AFM “force-volume maps” to identify and map regional distribution as well as ligand-, or antibody-induced real-time clustering of receptors on the cell surface. This technique also allows simultaneous imaging of the resultant changes in cellular micromechanical properties, such as elasticity and cytoskeletal reorganization of the cell. As an appropriate physiological sample, we have examined spatial distribution and real-time clustering of VEGFR, the receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor which is an important angiogenic factor in human and animal tissues.We have used AFM probes conjugated with anti-VEGFR-antibody (anti-Flk-1 antibody) to examine binding (or unbinding) forces between VEGF-R2 (Flk-1) in both in vitro as well as in live endothelial cells. A quantal set of binding and unbinding forces was measured between the antibody conjugated to the AFM tip and purified VEGFRs adsorbed on to a mica surface (Fig 1). The unbinding force varied between 60 and 240 pN and was a multiple of discrete quantized strength of approximately 60 pN (Figure 1B).
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Mital, Subodh, Steven Arnold, Brett Bednarcyk, and Evan Pineda. "Micromechanics-Based Modeling of SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites and Structures." Recent Progress in Materials 05, no. 02 (June 20, 2023): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/rpm.2302025.
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The behavior and response of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), in particular silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix (SiC/SiC), is affected by many factors such as variation of fiber volume fraction, residual stresses resulting from processing of the composites at high temperature, random microstructures, and the presence of matrix flaws (e.g., voids, pores, cracks etc.) as well as general material nonlinearity and heterogeneity that occurs randomly in a composite. Residual stresses arising from the phase change of constituents are evaluated in this paper and it is shown that they do influence composite strength and need to be properly accounted for. Additionally, the microstructures (location of fiber centers, coating thickness etc.) of advanced CMCs are usually disordered (or random) and fiber diameter and strength typically have a distribution. They rarely resemble the ordered fiber packing (square, rectangular, or hexagonal) that is generally assumed in micromechanics-based models with periodic boundary conditions for computational expediency. These issues raise the question of how should one model such systems effectively? Can an ordered hexagonal packed repeating unit cell (RUC) accurately represent the random microstructure behavior? How many fibers need to be included to enable accurate representation? Clearly, the number of fibers within an RUC must be limited to insure a balance between accuracy and efficiency. NASA’s in-house micromechanics-based code MAC/GMC provides a framework to analyze such RUCs for the overall composite behavior and the FEAMAC computer code provides linkage of MAC/GMC to the commercial FEA code, ABAQUS. The appropriate level of discretization of the RUC as well as the analysis method employed, i.e., Generalized Method of Cells (GMC) or High Fidelity Generalized Method of Cells (HFGMC), is investigated in this paper in the context of a unidirectional as well as a cross-ply laminated CMC. Results including effective composite properties, proportional limit stress (an important design parameter) and fatigue are shown utilizing both GMC as well as HFGMC. Finally, a few multiscale analyses are performed on smooth bar test coupons as well as test coupons with features such as open-hole and double notches using FEAMAC. Best practices and guidance are provided to take these phenomena into account and keep a proper balance between fidelity (accuracy) and efficiency. Following these guidelines can account for important physics of the problem and provide significant advantages when performing large multiscale composite structural analyses. Finally, to demonstrate the multiscale analysis framework, a CMC gas turbine engine vane structure is analyzed involving a progressive damage model.
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Sun, Mingxuan, Ryo Kawamura, and John F. Marko. "Micromechanics of human mitotic chromosomes." Physical Biology 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 015003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/8/1/015003.
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Karamoozian, Aminreza, Chin An Tan, and Liangmo Wang. "Homogenized modeling and micromechanics analysis of thin-walled lattice plate structures for brake discs." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 2 (February 22, 2018): 423–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218757670.
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Periodic cellular structures, especially lattice designs, have potential to improve the cooling performance of brake disk system. In this paper, the method of two scales asymptotic homogenization was used to indicate the effective elastic stiffnesses of lattice plates structures. The arbitrary topology of lattice core cells connected to the back and front plates which are made of generally orthotropic materials, due to use in brake disc design. This starts with the derivation of general shell model with consideration of the set of unit cell problems and then making use of the model to determine the analytical equations and calculate the effective elastic properties of lattice plate concerning the connected back and front plates. The analytical and numerical method allows determining the stiffness properties and the internal forces in the trusses and plates of the lattice. Three types of core-based lattice plates, which are pyramidal, X-type and I-type lattices, have been studied. The I-type lattice is characterized here for the first time with particular attention on the role that the cell trusses and plates plays on the stiffness and strength properties. The lattice designs are finite element characterized and compared with the numerical and experimentally validated pyramidal and X-type lattices under identical conditions. The I-type lattice provides 4% higher strength more than the other lattice types with 9% higher truss fraction coefficient. Results show that the stiffness and yield strength of the lattices depend upon the stress–strain response of the parent alloy of trusses and plates, the truss mass fraction coefficient, the face carriers thickness and the core elements parameters. The study described here is limited to a linear analysis of lattice properties. Geometric nonlinearities, however, have a considerable impact on the effective behavior of a lattice and will be the subject of future studies.
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Trepat, Xavier, Ferranda Puig, Nuria Gavara, Jeffrey J. Fredberg, Ramon Farre, and Daniel Navajas. "Effect of stretch on structural integrity and micromechanics of human alveolar epithelial cell monolayers exposed to thrombin." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 290, no. 6 (June 2006): L1104—L1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00436.2005.
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Alveolar epithelial cells in patients with acute lung injury subjected to mechanical ventilation are exposed to increased procoagulant activity and mechanical strain. Thrombin induces epithelial cell stiffening, contraction, and cytoskeletal remodeling, potentially compromising the balance of forces at the alveolar epithelium during cell stretching. This balance can be further compromised by the loss of integrity of cell-cell junctions in the injured epithelium. The aim of this work was to study the effect of stretch on the structural integrity and micromechanics of human alveolar epithelial cell monolayers exposed to thrombin. Confluent and subconfluent cells (A549) were cultured on collagen-coated elastic substrates. After exposure to thrombin (0.5 U/ml), a stepwise cell stretch (20%) was applied with a vacuum-driven system mounted on an inverted microscope. The structural integrity of the cell monolayers was assessed by comparing intercellular and intracellular strains within the monolayer. Strain was measured by tracking beads tightly bound to the cell surface. Simultaneously, cell viscoelasticity was measured using optical magnetic twisting cytometry. In confluent cells, thrombin did not induce significant changes in transmission of strain from the substrate to overlying cells. By contrast, thrombin dramatically impaired the ability of subconfluent cells to follow imposed substrate deformation. Upon substrate unstretching, thrombin-treated subconfluent cells exhibited compressive strain (9%). Stretch increased stiffness (56–62%) and decreased cell hysteresivity (13–22%) of vehicle cells. By contrast, stretch did not increase stiffness of thrombin-treated cells, suggesting disruption of cytoskeletal structures. Our findings suggest that thrombin could exacerbate epithelial barrier dysfunction in injured lungs subjected to mechanical ventilation.
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Van Liedekerke, P., P. Ghysels, E. Tijskens, G. Samaey, B. Smeedts, D. Roose, and H. Ramon. "A particle-based model to simulate the micromechanics of single-plant parenchyma cells and aggregates." Physical Biology 7, no. 2 (May 26, 2010): 026006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/7/2/026006.
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Hobi, Nina, Andrea Ravasio, and Thomas Haller. "Interfacial stress affects rat alveolar type II cell signaling and gene expression." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 303, no. 2 (July 15, 2012): L117—L129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00340.2011.
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Previous work from our group (Ravasio A, Hobi N, Bertocchi C, Jesacher A, Dietl P, Haller T. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 300: C1456–C1465, 2011.) showed that contact of alveolar epithelial type II cells with an air-liquid interface (IAL) leads to a paradoxical situation. It is a potential threat that can cause cell injury, but also a Ca2+-dependent stimulus for surfactant secretion. Both events can be explained by the impact of interfacial tensile forces on cellular structures. Here, the strength of this mechanical stimulus became also apparent in microarray studies by a rapid and significant change on the transcriptional level. Cells challenged with an IAL in two different ways showed activation/inactivation of cellular pathways involved in stress response and defense, and a detailed Pubmatrix search identified genes associated with several lung diseases and injuries. Altogether, they suggest a close relationship of interfacial stress sensation with current models in alveolar micromechanics. Further similarities between IAL and cell stretch were found with respect to the underlying signaling events. The source of Ca2+ was extracellular, and the transmembrane Ca2+ entry pathway suggests the involvement of a mechanosensitive channel. We conclude that alveolar type II cells, due to their location and morphology, are specific sensors of the IAL, but largely protected from interfacial stress by surfactant release.
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Kundak, Hikmet, and Kadir Bilisik. "Development of Three-Dimensional (3D) Biodegradable Polyglycolic Acid Fiber (PGA) Preforms for Scaffold Applications: Experimental Patterning and Fiber Volume Fraction-Porosity Modeling Study." Polymers 15, no. 9 (April 27, 2023): 2083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15092083.
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Three-dimensional (3D) biodegradable polyglycolic acid fiber (PGA) preforms were developed as temporary scaffolds for three-dimensional tissue regeneration applications. Three-dimensional biodegradable polyglycolic acid fiber (PGA) preforms including various degrees of interlaced structures called 3D plain, semi-interlaced, and orthogonal woven preforms were designed. Analytical relations and finite element model-based software (TexGen) on fiber volume fraction and porosity fraction were proposed to predict scaffolds’ stiffness and strength properties considering micromechanics relations. It was revealed that yarn-to-yarn space, density, and angles of all 3D PGA fiber preforms were heterogeneous and demonstrated direction-dependent features (anisotropy). Total fiber volume fractions (Vfp) and porosity fraction (Vtpr) predicted by analytic and numerical modelling of all 3D scaffolds showed some deviations compared to the measured values. This was because yarn cross-sections in the scaffolds were changed from ideal circular yarn (fiber TOW) geometry to high-order ellipse (lenticular) due to inter-fiber pressure generated under a tensile-based macrostress environment during preform formation. Z-yarn modulus (Ez-yarn) and strength (σz-yarn) were probably critical values due to strong stiffness and strength in the through-the-thickness direction where hydrogel modulus and strengths were negligibly small. Morphology of the scaffold showed that PGA fiber sets in the preform were locally distorted, and they appeared as inconsistent and inhomogeneous continuous fiber forms. Additionally, various porosity shapes in the preform based on the virtual model featured complex shapes from nearly trapezoidal beams to partial or concave rectangular beams and ellipsoid rectangular cylinders. It was concluded that 3D polyglycolic acid fiber preforms could be a temporary supportive substrate for 3D tissue regeneration because cells in the scaffold’s thickness can grow via through-the-thickness fiber (z-yarn), including various possible mechanobiology mechanisms.
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Meshi, Ido, Uri Breiman, and Rami Haj-Ali. "The Parametric High-Fidelity-Generalized-Method-of-Cells with phase-field damage micromechanical model for heterogeneous composites." Composite Structures, June 2023, 117199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.117199.
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Mehri Khansari, Nabi, and MRM Aliha. "Mixed-modes (I/III) fracture of aluminum foam based on micromechanics of damage." International Journal of Damage Mechanics, January 5, 2023, 105678952211438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10567895221143809.
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Nowadays, foam structures have several applications in industries. Basically, discontinuities such as pores cause complications in evaluating the mechanical and fracture behavior. In other words, understanding the multi scale of porous cells in cracked foams can play a significant role in fracture prediction. The present research proposes an analytical approach based on the experimental concept of damage in which the behavior of cracked metal foam was investigated under mixed-mode I/III (tensile and out-of-plane) fracture. In this method, pores in foam are modeled as circular and elliptical defects. In this context, mechanical properties and crack inclination angle are obtained based on loading and configuration of pores. Dispersion of circular and elliptical discontinuities determines the overall modulus and crack inclination angle trajectory based on the experimental results, pure mode I SIF were occurred on (0°) and pure mode III were obtained at (62°) loading angle. The aluminum foams were produced and prepared according to the edge notch disc bend (ENDB) test method to obtain the onset of fracture initiation ( KIc and KIIIc) and trajectory of cracked foam body. The results demonstrated that analytical approach, based on circular pore distribution, had a good agreement with experimental results. Moreover, the results indicated that SIF in mode I and mode III had the most agreement with the experimental results at angles of 0° and 62°, respectively.