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Journal articles on the topic 'Cell transmission models'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Ahmed, Afzal, Mir Shabbar Ali, and Toor Ansari. "Modelling Heterogeneous and Undisciplined Traffic Flow using Cell Transmission Model." International Journal of Traffic and Transportation Management 02, no. 01 (2020): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.5383/jttm.02.01.001.

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This research calibrates Cell Transmission Model (CTM) for heterogeneous and non-lane disciplined traffic, as observed in Pakistan and some other developing countries by constructing a flow-density fundamental traffic flow diagram. Currently, most of the traffic simulation packages used for such heterogonous and non-lane-disciplined traffic are not calibrated for local traffic conditions and most of the traffic flow models are developed for comparatively less heterogeneous and lane-disciplined traffic. The flow-density fundamental traffic flow diagram is developed based on extensive field data

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Pourbashash, Hossein, Sergei S. Pilyugin, Patrick De Leenheer, and Connell McCluskey. "Global analysis of within host virus models with cell-to-cell viral transmission." Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B 19, no. 10 (2014): 3341–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcdsb.2014.19.3341.

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Fu, Rebecca Menhua, Charlotte Caroline Decker, and Viet Loan Dao Thi. "Cell Culture Models for Hepatitis E Virus." Viruses 11, no. 7 (2019): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11070608.

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Despite a growing awareness, hepatitis E virus (HEV) remains understudied and investigations have been historically hampered by the absence of efficient cell culture systems. As a result, the pathogenesis of HEV infection and basic steps of the HEV life cycle are poorly understood. Major efforts have recently been made through the development of HEV infectious clones and cellular systems that significantly advanced HEV research. Here, we summarize these systems, discussing their advantages and disadvantages for HEV studies. We further capitalize on the need for HEV-permissive polarized cell mo

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Kumberger, Peter, Karina Durso-Cain, Susan Uprichard, Harel Dahari, and Frederik Graw. "Accounting for Space—Quantification of Cell-To-Cell Transmission Kinetics Using Virus Dynamics Models." Viruses 10, no. 4 (2018): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10040200.

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Allen, Linda J. S., and Elissa J. Schwartz. "Free-virus and cell-to-cell transmission in models of equine infectious anemia virus infection." Mathematical Biosciences 270 (December 2015): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2015.04.001.

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Alimardani, Fatemeh, and John S. Baras. "Performance Assessment of Different Cell-Transmission Models for Ramp-Metered Highway Networks." IFAC-PapersOnLine 54, no. 2 (2021): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.06.016.

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Recasens, Ariadna, Ayse Ulusoy, Philipp J. Kahle, Donato A. Di Monte, and Benjamin Dehay. "In vivo models of alpha-synuclein transmission and propagation." Cell and Tissue Research 373, no. 1 (2017): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-017-2730-9.

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Graw, Frederik, Danyelle N. Martin, Alan S. Perelson, Susan L. Uprichard, and Harel Dahari. "Quantification of Hepatitis C Virus Cell-to-Cell Spread Using a Stochastic Modeling Approach." Journal of Virology 89, no. 13 (2015): 6551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00016-15.

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ABSTRACTIt has been proposed that viral cell-to-cell transmission plays a role in establishing and maintaining chronic infections. Thus, understanding the mechanisms and kinetics of cell-to-cell spread is fundamental to elucidating the dynamics of infection and may provide insight into factors that determine chronicity. Because hepatitis C virus (HCV) spreads from cell to cell and has a chronicity rate of up to 80% in exposed individuals, we examined the dynamics of HCV cell-to-cell spreadin vitroand quantified the effect of inhibiting individual host factors. Using a multidisciplinary approac

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Wang, Shaoli, Achun Zhang, and Fei Xu. "Dynamical analysis for delayed virus infection models with cell-to-cell transmission and density-dependent diffusion." International Journal of Biomathematics 13, no. 07 (2020): 2050060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524520500606.

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In this paper, certain delayed virus dynamical models with cell-to-cell infection and density-dependent diffusion are investigated. For the viral model with a single strain, we have proved the well-posedness and studied the global stabilities of equilibria by defining the basic reproductive number [Formula: see text] and structuring proper Lyapunov functional. Moreover, we found that the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if [Formula: see text], and the infection equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if [Formula: see text]. For the multi-strain model, we found

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박민주, 권오훈, and Byung-doo JUNG. "Effect Analysis of Bus-exclusive Lane on Traffic Congestion Using Cell Transmission Models." Journal of Transport Research 22, no. 3 (2015): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34143/jtr.2015.22.3.43.

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Jansen, J. A., E. T. Den Braber, X. F. Walboomers, and J. E. De Ruijter. "Soft Tissue and Epithelial Models." Advances in Dental Research 13, no. 1 (1999): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374990130011601.

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The applicability of a biomaterial for the manufacturing of oral implants is determined by its physicochemical and geometric surface properties. Research, therefore, is concerned with the cellular reactions that occur when an implant material comes into contact with body tissues. For permucosal oral implants, this involves both the reaction of bone and gingival cells. In vitro cell culturing-including the use of various analytical techniques like light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and digital image analysis-is a good tool whereb

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Harischandra, Dilshan S., Dharmin Rokad, Matthew L. Neal та ін. "Manganese promotes the aggregation and prion-like cell-to-cell exosomal transmission of α-synuclein". Science Signaling 12, № 572 (2019): eaau4543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aau4543.

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The aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) is considered a key pathophysiological feature of certain neurodegenerative disorders, collectively termed synucleinopathies. Given that a prion-like, cell-to-cell transfer of misfolded αSyn has been recognized in the spreading of αSyn pathology in synucleinopathies, we investigated the biological mechanisms underlying the propagation of the disease with respect to environmental neurotoxic stress. Considering the potential role of the divalent metal manganese (Mn2+) in protein aggregation, we characterized its effect on αSyn misfolding and transmission in

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Forlani, Greta, Mariam Shallak, Roberto Sergio Accolla, and Maria Grazia Romanelli. "HTLV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis: New Insights from Cellular and Animal Models." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (2021): 8001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158001.

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Since the discovery of the human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1), cellular and animal models have provided invaluable contributions in the knowledge of viral infection, transmission and progression of HTLV-associated diseases. HTLV-1 is the causative agent of the aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and inflammatory diseases such as the HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Cell models contribute to defining the role of HTLV proteins, as well as the mechanisms of cell-to-cell transmission of the virus. Otherwise, selected and engineered animal models are cu

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Bignon, Yohan, Virginie Poindessous, Luca Rampoldi, Violette Haldys, and Nicolas Pallet. "Chemically based transmissible ER stress protocols are unsuitable to study cell-to-cell UPR transmission." Biochemical Journal 477, no. 20 (2020): 4037–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20200699.

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Renal epithelial cells regulate the destructive activity of macrophages and participate in the progression of kidney diseases. Critically, the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), which is activated in renal epithelial cells in the course of kidney injury, is required for the optimal differentiation and activation of macrophages. Given that macrophages are key regulators of renal inflammation and fibrosis, we suppose that the identification of mediators that are released by renal epithelial cells under Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and transmitted to macrophages is a critical issue to address.

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Ali, Md Shipon, Ekram Hossain, and Dong In Kim. "Coordinated Multipoint Transmission in Downlink Multi-Cell NOMA Systems: Models and Spectral Efficiency Performance." IEEE Wireless Communications 25, no. 2 (2018): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2018.1700094.

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Doan, Kien, and Satish V. Ukkusuri. "On the holding-back problem in the cell transmission based dynamic traffic assignment models." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 46, no. 9 (2012): 1218–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2012.05.001.

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Moench, T. R. "Cell-Associated Transmission of HIV Type 1 and Other Lentiviruses in Small-Animal Models." Journal of Infectious Diseases 210, suppl 3 (2014): S654—S659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu368.

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Barnable, Patrick, Giulia Calenda, Thierry Bonnaire, et al. "MIV-150/Zinc Acetate Gel Inhibits Cell-Associated Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase Infection in a Macaque Vaginal Explant Model." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 7 (2015): 3829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00073-15.

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ABSTRACTThe transmission of both cell-free and cell-associated immunodeficiency viruses has been demonstrated directly in multiple animal species and possibly occurs in humans, as suggested by genotyping of the infecting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in acutely infected women and in semen from their partners. Therefore, a microbicide may need to block both mechanisms of HIV transmission to achieve maximum efficacy. To date, most of the preclinical evaluation of candidate microbicides has been performed using cell-free HIV. New models of mucosal transmission of cell-associated HIV are need

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Panfil, Amanda R., Jacob J. Al-Saleem, and Patrick L. Green. "Animal Models Utilized in HTLV-1 Research." Virology: Research and Treatment 4 (January 2013): VRT.S12140. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/vrt.s12140.

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Since the isolation and discovery of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) over 30 years ago, researchers have utilized animal models to study HTLV-1 transmission, viral persistence, virus-elicited immune responses, and HTLV-1-associated disease development (ATL, HAM/TSP). Non-human primates, rabbits, rats, and mice have all been used to help understand HTLV-1 biology and disease progression. Non-human primates offer a model system that is phylogenetically similar to humans for examining viral persistence. Viral transmission, persistence, and immune responses have been widely studied usi

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Rai, Mohammad Ali, Jason E. Hammonds, Paul Spearman, and Paul Spearman. "2518. Development And Characterization Of Human Microglial Models To Elucidate HIV Transmission Events And Pathogenesis." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S874—S875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2196.

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Abstract Background HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders cause significant morbidity and mortality despite the advent of antiretroviral therapy. An understanding of fundamental mechanisms underlying HIV infection and transmission events in the central nervous system (CNS) is needed. Microglia are resident myeloid cells that are readily infected by HIV and may constitute a CNS reservoir. We evaluated and compared existing microglial cell lines and primary cell-derived microglia as potential model systems for studying HIV-microglia interactions. Methods We cultured two immortalized human micr

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Ahmed, Afzal, Satish V. Ukkusuri, Shahrukh Raza Mirza, and Ausaja Hassan. "Width-Based Cell Transmission Model for Heterogeneous and Undisciplined Traffic Streams." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (2019): 682–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119838841.

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Traffic streams in many developing countries consist of various modes of transport, with high heterogeneity in driver behavior. Modeling these types of traffic streams, in which traffic rules (speed limit, lane discipline, etc.) are not strictly followed, is a complex task. A review of the existing literature shows that there is a lack of traffic flow models that model the behavior of heterogeneous and undisciplined traffic streams. Like other undisciplined traffic streams, there are no speed limits (hence no speed enforcement) on most of the roads in Karachi, Pakistan. Lane discipline is also

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Bernard-Stoecklin, S., C. Gommet, M. Cavarelli, and R. Le Grand. "Nonhuman Primate Models for Cell-Associated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission: The Need to Better Understand the Complexity of HIV Mucosal Transmission." Journal of Infectious Diseases 210, suppl 3 (2014): S660—S666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu536.

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Lundgren, Erik, Ethan Romero-Severson, Jan Albert, and Thomas Leitner. "Combining biomarker and virus phylogenetic models improves HIV-1 epidemiological source identification." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 8 (2022): e1009741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009741.

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To identify and stop active HIV transmission chains new epidemiological techniques are needed. Here, we describe the development of a multi-biomarker augmentation to phylogenetic inference of the underlying transmission history in a local population. HIV biomarkers are measurable biological quantities that have some relationship to the amount of time someone has been infected with HIV. To train our model, we used five biomarkers based on real data from serological assays, HIV sequence data, and target cell counts in longitudinally followed, untreated patients with known infection times. The bi

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Lu, Shoufeng, Shiqiang Dai, and Ximin Liu. "A discrete traffic kinetic model – integrating the lagged cell transmission and continuous traffic kinetic models." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 19, no. 2 (2011): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2010.05.007.

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Abdullah, Saifuddin, and Dr Fuad Al-Najjar. "A Collective Statistical Analysis of Outdoor Path Loss Models." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 3, no. 1 (2012): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v3i1a.2720.

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This study encompasses nine path loss models (Erceg-Greenstein, Green-Obaidat, COST Hata, Hata Urban, Hata Rural, Hata Suburban, SUI, Egli and ECC-33) which were programmed on Python and studied for their results in an urban architecture (translated by higher attenuation variables) at 950 MHz and 1800 MHz. The results obtained showed that increasing the transmission antenna height with the increasing distance not only lowers down the path loss readings, but also shows that the standard deviation between the results of studied path loss models increases with the increasing transmission antenna

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Sethi, Shneh, Kristen M. Kerksiek, Thomas Brocker, and Hans Kretzschmar. "Role of the CD8+ Dendritic Cell Subset in Transmission of Prions." Journal of Virology 81, no. 9 (2007): 4877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02345-06.

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ABSTRACT Controversial results have been observed in mouse models regarding the role of lymphoid tissues in prion pathogenesis. To investigate the role of dendritic cells (DC), we used a transgenic mouse model. In this model (CD11c-N17Rac1), a significant reduction of CD8+ CD11chi DC has been described, and the remaining CD8+ DC demonstrate a reduced capacity for the uptake of apoptotic cells. After intraperitoneal prion infection, significantly longer incubation times were observed in CD11c-N17Rac1 mice than in controls, indicating that a defect in CD8+ CD11chi DC significantly impedes neuroi

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Raezah, Aeshah A., Ahmed M. Elaiw, and Badria S. Alofi. "Global Properties of Latent Virus Dynamics Models with Immune Impairment and Two Routes of Infection." High-Throughput 8, no. 2 (2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ht8020016.

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This paper studies the global stability of viral infection models with CTL immune impairment. We incorporate both productively and latently infected cells. The models integrate two routes of transmission, cell-to-cell and virus-to-cell. In the second model, saturated virus–cell and cell–cell incidence rates are considered. The basic reproduction number is derived and two steady states are calculated. We first establish the nonnegativity and boundedness of the solutions of the system, then we investigate the global stability of the steady states. We utilize the Lyapunov method to prove the glob

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Liu, Qun. "Analysis of a stochastic HIV model with cell-to-cell transmission and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process." Journal of Mathematical Physics 64, no. 1 (2023): 012702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0127775.

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In this paper, we establish and analyze a stochastic human immunodeficiency virus model with both virus-to-cell and cell-to-cell transmissions and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, in which we suppose that the virus-to-cell infection rate and the cell-to-cell infection rate satisfy the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. First, we validate that there exists a unique global solution to the stochastic model with any initial value. Then, we adopt a stochastic Lyapunov function technique to develop sufficient criteria for the existence of a stationary distribution of positive solutions to the stochastic system,

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Yadav, Kush Kumar, and Scott P. Kenney. "Animal Models for Studying Congenital Transmission of Hepatitis E Virus." Microorganisms 11, no. 3 (2023): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030618.

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One of the most intriguing issues in the hepatitis E virus (HEV) field is the significant increase in mortality rates of the mother and fetus when infection occurs in the second and third trimesters of gestation. A virus that is normally self-limiting and has a mortality rate of less than one percent in otherwise healthy individuals steeply rises by up to 30% in these pregnant populations. Answering this pivotal question has not been a simple task. HEV, in general, has been a difficult pathogen to understand in the laboratory setting. A historical lack of ability to efficiently propagate the v

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Asif, Rao Muhammad, Mustafa Shakir, Ateeq Ur Rehman, Muhammad Shafiq, Rehan Ali Khan, and Wali Ullah Khan. "Performance Evaluation of Spectral Efficiency for Uplink and Downlink Multi-Cell Massive MIMO Systems." Journal of Sensors 2022 (June 30, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7205687.

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Massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems have become the most persuasive technology for 5G as it increased the energy efficiency gigantically as compared to other wireless communication systems. Being the most vibrant research technology in the communication sector, this research work is based on the optimal model development of energy-efficient massive MIMO systems. The proposed model is a realistic model that augmented the spectral efficiency (SE) of massive MIMO systems where a multi-cell model scenario is considered. Channel estimation is carried out at the base stations (

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Hattaf, Khalid, and Noura Yousfi. "Qualitative Analysis of a Generalized Virus Dynamics Model with Both Modes of Transmission and Distributed Delays." International Journal of Differential Equations 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9818372.

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We propose a generalized virus dynamics model with distributed delays and both modes of transmission, one by virus-to-cell infection and the other by cell-to-cell transfer. In the proposed model, the distributed delays describe (i) the time needed for infected cells to produce new virions and (ii) the time necessary for the newly produced virions to become mature and infectious. In addition, the infection transmission process is modeled by general incidence functions for both modes. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis of the model is rigorously established and many known viral infection mode

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Sun, Zhifeng, Paul W. Denton, Jacob D. Estes, et al. "Intrarectal transmission, systemic infection, and CD4+ T cell depletion in humanized mice infected with HIV-1." Journal of Experimental Medicine 204, no. 4 (2007): 705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20062411.

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Intrarectal infection between men who have sex with men represents a predominant form of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in developed countries. Currently there are no adequate small animal models that recapitulate intrarectal HIV transmission. Here we demonstrate that human lymphocytes generated in situ from hematopoietic stem cells reconstitute the gastrointestinal tract of humanized mice with human CD4+ T cells rendering them susceptible to intrarectal HIV transmission. HIV infection after a single intrarectal inoculation results in systemic infection with depletion of CD4+

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Donaldson, L. A. "A THREE-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER MODEL OF THE TRACHEID CELL WALL AS A TOOL FOR INTERPRETATION OF WOOD CELL WALL ULTRASTRUCTURE." IAWA Journal 22, no. 3 (2001): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000280.

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Three-dimensional computer models were used to simulate transmission electron micrographs in order to determine the effects of changes in microfibril orientation and arrangement on the appearance of ultrastructural images based on thin sections. It is shown that the tangential fibrillar texture commonly associated with wood cell walls results not from individual microfibrils arranged in tangential lamellae but from overlapping of adjacent microfibrils irrespective of their arrangement. The tangential lamellae observed in transmission electron micrographs of wood cell walls do not necessarily r

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Raezah, Aeshah A., Elsayed Dahy, E. Kh Elnahary, and Shaimaa A. Azoz. "Stability of HIV-1 Dynamics Models with Viral and Cellular Infections in the Presence of Macrophages." Axioms 12, no. 7 (2023): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12070617.

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In this research work, we suggest two mathematical models that take into account (i) two categories of target cells, CD4+T cells and macrophages, and (ii) two modes of infection transmissions, the direct virus-to-cell (VTC) method and cell-to-cell (CTC) infection transmission, where CTC is an effective method of spreading human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), as with the VTC method. The second model incorporates four time delays. In both models, the presence of a bounded and positive solution of the biological model is investigated. The existence conditions of all equilibria are establi

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Zhang, Zhao, Brian Wolshon, and Vinayak V. Dixit. "Integration of a cell transmission model and macroscopic fundamental diagram: Network aggregation for dynamic traffic models." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 55 (June 2015): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2015.03.040.

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Maher, Mike. "A comparison of the use of the cell transmission and platoon dispersion models in TRANSYT 13." Transportation Planning and Technology 34, no. 1 (2011): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081060.2011.530830.

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Rodriguez Fernandez, Veronica, Giovanni Casini, and Fabrizio Bruschi. "Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Mechanisms of Retinal Infection and Experimental Models." Parasitologia 1, no. 2 (2021): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia1020007.

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Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii and affects many individuals throughout the world. Infection may occur through congenital or acquired routes. The parasites enter the blood circulation and reach both the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium, where they may cause cell damage and cell death. Different routes of access are used by T. gondii to reach the retina through the retinal endothelium: by transmission inside leukocytes, as free parasites through a paracellular route, or after endothelial cell infection. A main feature of OT is the induction of an i

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Ye, Dong, Kenneth A. Dawson, and Iseult Lynch. "A TEM protocol for quality assurance of in vitro cellular barrier models and its application to the assessment of nanoparticle transport mechanisms across barriers." Analyst 140, no. 1 (2015): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an01276c.

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Kocan, Richard M. "Transmission models for the fish pathogen Ichthyophonus: synthesis of field observations and empirical studies." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 4 (2019): 636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0166.

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Empirical studies have demonstrated that Ichthyophonus is transmitted among piscivores via consumption of infected prey; however, this unidirectional mode of transmission from small to large fish cannot sustain Ichthyophonus within a population. To circumvent this problem, Ichthyophonus evolved an infective waterborne cell that has been shown to infect both fresh- and saltwater fish. Successful transmission of Ichthyophonus via a waterborne stage is linked to the proximity of infected and susceptible individuals, a condition met when the two groups occupy the same habitat. It is posited that t

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Lamond, Nicole, and Nancy Freitag. "Vertical Transmission of Listeria monocytogenes: Probing the Balance between Protection from Pathogens and Fetal Tolerance." Pathogens 7, no. 2 (2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens7020052.

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Protection of the developing fetus from pathogens is one of the many critical roles of the placenta. Listeria monocytogenes is one of a select number of pathogens that can cross the placental barrier and cause significant harm to the fetus, leading to spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, preterm labor, and disseminated neonate infection despite antibiotic treatment. Such severe outcomes serve to highlight the importance of understanding how L. monocytogenes mediates infiltration of the placental barrier. Here, we review what is currently known regarding vertical transmission of L. monocytogenes a

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Masoli, Stefano, Alessandra Ottaviani, Stefano Casali, and Egidio D’Angelo. "Cerebellar Golgi cell models predict dendritic processing and mechanisms of synaptic plasticity." PLOS Computational Biology 16, no. 12 (2020): e1007937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007937.

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The Golgi cells are the main inhibitory interneurons of the cerebellar granular layer. Although recent works have highlighted the complexity of their dendritic organization and synaptic inputs, the mechanisms through which these neurons integrate complex input patterns remained unknown. Here we have used 8 detailed morphological reconstructions to develop multicompartmental models of Golgi cells, in which Na, Ca, and K channels were distributed along dendrites, soma, axonal initial segment and axon. The models faithfully reproduced a rich pattern of electrophysiological and pharmacological pro

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Tan, Steven J., Alice C. Chang, Sarah M. Anderson, et al. "Regulation and dynamics of force transmission at individual cell-matrix adhesion bonds." Science Advances 6, no. 20 (2020): eaax0317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax0317.

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Integrin-based adhesion complexes link the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are central to the construction of multicellular animal tissues. How biological function emerges from the tens to thousands of proteins present within a single adhesion complex remains unclear. We used fluorescent molecular tension sensors to visualize force transmission by individual integrins in living cells. These measurements revealed an underlying functional modularity in which integrin class controlled adhesion size and ECM ligand specificity, while the number and type of connections between int

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Haase, Kristina, and Andrew E. Pelling. "Investigating cell mechanics with atomic force microscopy." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 104 (2015): 20140970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0970.

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Transmission of mechanical force is crucial for normal cell development and functioning. However, the process of mechanotransduction cannot be studied in isolation from cell mechanics. Thus, in order to understand how cells ‘feel’, we must first understand how they deform and recover from physical perturbations. Owing to its versatility, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become a popular tool to study intrinsic cellular mechanical properties. Used to directly manipulate and examine whole and subcellular reactions, AFM allows for top-down and reconstitutive approaches to mechanical characteriza

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Ciche, Todd A., Kwi-suk Kim, Bettina Kaufmann-Daszczuk, Ken C. Q. Nguyen, and David H. Hall. "Cell Invasion and Matricide during Photorhabdus luminescens Transmission by Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Nematodes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 8 (2008): 2275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02646-07.

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ABSTRACT Many animals and plants have symbiotic relationships with beneficial bacteria. Experimentally tractable models are necessary to understand the processes involved in the selective transmission of symbiotic bacteria. One such model is the transmission of the insect-pathogenic bacterial symbionts Photorhabdus spp. by Heterorhabditis bacteriophora infective juvenile (IJ)-stage nematodes. By observing egg-laying behavior and IJ development, it was determined that IJs develop exclusively via intrauterine hatching and matricide (i.e., endotokia matricida). By transiently exposing nematodes t

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Danner, S., H. Benzin, T. Vollbrandt, J. Oder, A. Richter, and C. Kruse. "Quantum Dots Do Not Alter the Differentiation Potential of Pancreatic Stem Cells and Are Distributed Randomly among Daughter Cells." International Journal of Cell Biology 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/918242.

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With the increasing relevance of cell-based therapies, there is a demand for cell-labeling techniques forin vitroandin vivostudies. For the reasonable tracking of transplanted stem cells in animal models, the usage of quantum dots (QDs) for sensitive cellular imaging has major advances. QDs could be delivered to the cytoplasm of the cells providing intense and stable fluorescence. Although QDs are emerging as favourable nanoparticles for bioimaging, substantial investigations are still required to consider their application for adult stem cells. Therefore, rat pancreatic stem cells (PSCs) were

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El-Khozondar, H. J., M. Abu-Marasa, R. J. El-Khozondar, M. Elbahri, and S. Zouhdi. "Design of Voltage control Oscillator using Nonlinear Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Line." Advanced Electromagnetics 5, no. 1 (2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v5i1.342.

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In the present work, we propose a voltage control oscillator (VCO) at high frequency consists of nonlinear composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) loaded with Resonant Tunneling Diode (RTD). We designed three prototype device examples. The first one consists of one cell with short circuit at the beginning of the cell between ground and patch, and 50 Ω load resistance were added at the end of the cell between ground and patch. The second one is similar to the first prototype but with open circuit at the beginning of the cell instated of short circuit. The third prototype consist

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Pawlyta, Mirosława, Szymon Smykała, Barbara Liszka, and Agata Blacha-Grzechnik. "Transmission Electron Microscopy Observation of the Fuel Cell Catalyst Degradation during the Oxygen Reduction Reaction." Defect and Diffusion Forum 420 (November 14, 2022): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-975920.

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Increasing durability of catalysts used in fuel cells is a necessary condition for their widespread commercialization. Fulfilling this condition requires understanding the catalyst degradation mechanism to propose how to reduce it. Transmission electron microscopy can help solve this problem thanks to the fact that it enables direct observation and thus unambiguous interpretation of the processes taking place. For this purpose, Identical Location Transmission Electron Microscopy (IL-TEM) was applied for observations of a commercial catalyst (platinum nanoparticles with a diameter of about 2 nm

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Specke, Volker, Stefan J. Tacke, Klaus Boller, Jochen Schwendemann, and Joachim Denner. "Porcine endogenous retroviruses: in vitro host range and attempts to establish small animal models." Journal of General Virology 82, no. 4 (2001): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-82-4-837.

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Using transgenic pigs as the source of cells or organs for xenotransplantation is associated with the risk of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) transmission. Multiple proviruses are integrated into the genome of all pigs, and virus particles, some of which are able to infect human cells, are released from normal pig cells. In order to evaluate the potential risk posed by the transmission of PERVs, in vitro infection studies were performed as a basis for small animal as well as non-human primate models. In vitro infectivity was demonstrated for permanent cell lines and primary cells from a w

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DUNN, A. M., R. S. TERRY, and D. E. TANEYHILL. "Within-host transmission strategies of transovarial, feminizing parasites of Gammarus duebeni." Parasitology 117, no. 1 (1998): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182098002753.

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The amphipod Gammarus duebeni harbours several species of vertically transmitted, feminizing microsporidian parasites. G. duebeni were collected from 3 localities in the UK. Animals from Budle Bay, Northumberland, were infected with Octosporea effeminans, and those from Millport, Isle of Cumbrae and Fenham Flats, Northumberland were infected with microsporidia of the genus Nosema. We derived expected distributions of parasites per host embryonic cell by modelling parasite transmission as a multitype, Galton–Watson branching process. Parasite prevalence (proportion of females infected) was sign

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Nielsen, Michael H., Dongsheng Li, Hengzhong Zhang, et al. "Investigating Processes of Nanocrystal Formation and Transformation via Liquid Cell TEM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, no. 2 (2014): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614000294.

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AbstractRecent ex situ observations of crystallization in both natural and synthetic systems indicate that the classical models of nucleation and growth are inaccurate. However, in situ observations that can provide direct evidence for alternative models have been lacking due to the limited temporal and spatial resolution of experimental techniques that can observe dynamic processes in a bulk solution. Here we report results from liquid cell transmission electron microscopy studies of nucleation and growth of Au, CaCO3, and iron oxide nanoparticles. We show how these in situ data can be used t

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