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Journal articles on the topic 'Cell motilty'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Schmidt-Tanguy, Aline, Annette Romanski, Mathilde Hunault-Berger, and Oliver G. Ottmann. "Different Roles of Two Autotaxin Isoforms in Proliferation, Migration and Adhesion in the Non-Mutational Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line SupB15." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.1915.1915.

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Abstract The Bcr-Abl oncogene is present in 30–40% of adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The Abl kinase inhibitor imatinib-based therapy has become standard for this subset ALL. Acquired resistance to imatinib occurs frequently and is associated with mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) approximately in about 80% of patients. In contrast, TKD mutations are uncommon in primary imatinib resistance which appears to be multifactorial, although the underlying mechanisms have been incompletely elucidated. We have established a Ph+ cell line for the analysis of non-mutat

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An, Xingyue, Gabrielle Romain, Melisa Martinez-Paniagua, et al. "CAR+ T cell anti-tumor efficacy revealed by multi-dimensional single-cell profiling." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (2019): 134.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.134.2.

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Abstract T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting CD19 have shown promising clinical responses in patients with certain hematologic malignancies, however, it is desirable to be able to enrich cells with enhanced anti-tumor efficacy prior to infusion. We utilized a suite of high-throughput technologies with single-cell resolution, including Timelapse Imaging Microscopy In Nanowell Grids (TIMING) that integrates cytokine profiling to reveal that persistent motility of CD19- specific CAR T cells is correlated to desirable polyfunctionality (elimination of tumor cell

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Cramer, Louise P., Timothy J. Mitchison, and Julie A. Theriot. "Actin-dependent motile forces and cell motility." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 6, no. 1 (1994): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-0674(94)90120-1.

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4

Murakami, Shinya, Yo Otsuka, Manabu Sugimoto, and Toshiyuki Mitsui. "3H1010 Controlled cell migration with ultrasound(Cell Biology III:Cytoskeleton & Motility,Oral Presentation)." Seibutsu Butsuri 52, supplement (2012): S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.52.s70_4.

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Kolobov, A. V., A. A. Polezhaev, and G. I. Solyanik. "The Role of Cell Motility in Metastatic Cell Dominance Phenomenon: Analysis by a Mathematical Model." Journal of Theoretical Medicine 3, no. 1 (2000): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10273660008833065.

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Metastasis is the outcome of several selective sequential steps where one of the first and necessary steps is the progressive overgrowth or dominance of a small number of metastatic cells in a tumour. In spite of numerous experimental investigations concerning the growth advantage of metastatic cells, the mechanisms resulting in their dominance are still unknown. Metastatic cell overgrowth occurs even if doubling time of the metastatic subpopulation is shorter than that of all others subpopulations in a heterogeneous tumour. In order to examine the hypothesis that under conditions of competiti

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Rezvan, Ali, Gabrielle Romain, Mohsen Fathi, et al. "Multiomic dynamic single-cell profiling of CAR T cell populations associated with efficacy." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (2022): 54.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.54.18.

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Abstract T-cell therapy with specificity redirected through chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has shown efficacy for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Although treatment with CAR T cell can result in high response rates, the properties of the cells that comprise the cellular infusion product, associated with clinical benefit are incompletely understood. We utilized a suite of high-throughput single-cell assays including single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq); confocal microscopy; and Timelapse Imaging Microscopy In Nanowell Grids (TIMING). TIMING profiling of a cohort of 16 patients s

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Marth, W., S. Praetorius, and A. Voigt. "A mechanism for cell motility by active polar gels." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 107 (2015): 20150161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0161.

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We analyse a generic motility model, with the motility mechanism arising by contractile stress due to the interaction of myosin and actin. A hydrodynamic active polar gel theory is used to model the cytoplasm of a cell and is combined with a Helfrich-type model to account for membrane properties. The overall model allows consideration of the motility without the necessity for local adhesion. Besides a detailed numerical approach together with convergence studies for the highly nonlinear free boundary problem, we also compare the induced flow field of the motile cell with that of classical squi

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Breier, Rebekka E., Cristian C. Lalescu, Devin Waas, Michael Wilczek, and Marco G. Mazza. "Emergence of phytoplankton patchiness at small scales in mild turbulence." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 48 (2018): 12112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808711115.

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Phytoplankton often encounter turbulence in their habitat. As most toxic phytoplankton species are motile, resolving the interplay of motility and turbulence has fundamental repercussions on our understanding of their own ecology and of the entire ecosystems they inhabit. The spatial distribution of motile phytoplankton cells exhibits patchiness at distances of decimeter to millimeter scales for numerous species with different motility strategies. The explanation of this general phenomenon remains challenging. Furthermore, hydrodynamic cell–cell interactions, which grow more relevant as the de

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Alexandre, Gladys. "Chemotaxis Control of Transient Cell Aggregation." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 20 (2015): 3230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00121-15.

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Chemotaxis affords motile cells the ability to rapidly respond to environmental challenges by navigating cells to niches favoring growth. Such a property results from the activities of dedicated signal transduction systems on the motility apparatus, such as flagella, type IV pili, and gliding machineries. Once cells have reached a niche with favorable conditions, they often stop moving and aggregate into complex communities termed biofilms. An intermediate and reversible stage that precedes commitment to permanent adhesion often includes transient cell-cell contacts between motile cells. Chemo

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Cozzolino, Mauro, Venturina Stagni, Laura Spinardi, et al. "p120 Catenin Is Required for Growth Factor–dependent Cell Motility and Scattering in Epithelial Cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, no. 5 (2003): 1964–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-08-0469.

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Cadherin-mediated cell–cell adhesion is dynamically modulated during epithelial–mesenchymal transition triggered by activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) in epithelial cells. Several cadherin-binding proteins have been identified that control cell–cell adhesion. However, the mechanisms by which intercellular adhesion and cell motility are coregulated are still unknown. Here, we delineate a hitherto uncharted cooperation between RTKs, RhoA GTPase, and p120 catenin in instructing a motile behavior to epithelial cells. We found that expression of an N-terminus–deleted p120 catenin in a va

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Gares, Sheryl L., та Linda M. Pilarski. "Balancing Thymocyte Adhesion and Motility: A Functional Linkage Between β1 Lntegrins and The Motility Receptor RHAMM". Developmental Immunology 7, № 2-4 (2000): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/94616.

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Thymocyte differentiation involves several processes that occur in different anatomic sites within the thymus. Therefore, thymocytes must have the ability to respond to signals received from stromal cells and adopt either adhesive or motile behavior. We will discuss our data indicating human thymocytes use α4β1 integrin, α5β1 integrin and RHAMM to mediate these activities. Immature multinegative (MN; CD3–4–8–19-) thymocytes use α4β1 and α5β1 integrins to mediate weak and strong adhesion. This subset also uses α4β1 integrin to mediate motility. As thymocytes differentiate, they begin to express

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Soll, David R., Deborah Wessels, Spencer Kuhl, and Daniel F. Lusche. "How a Cell Crawls and the Role of Cortical Myosin II." Eukaryotic Cell 8, no. 9 (2009): 1381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00121-09.

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ABSTRACT The movements of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae translocating on a glass surface in the absence of chemoattractant have been reconstructed at 5-second intervals and motion analyzed by employing 3D-DIAS software. A morphometric analysis of pseudopods, the main cell body, and the uropod provides a comprehensive description of the basic motile behavior of a cell in four dimensions (4D), resulting in a list of 18 characteristics. A similar analysis of the myosin II phosphorylation mutant 3XASP reveals a role for the cortical localization of myosin II in the suppression of lateral pseudo

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Othy, Shivashankar, Amit Jairaman, Joseph L. Dynes, et al. "Regulatory T cells suppress Th17 cell Ca2+signaling in the spinal cord during murine autoimmune neuroinflammation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 33 (2020): 20088–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006895117.

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T lymphocyte motility and interaction dynamics with other immune cells are vital determinants of immune responses. Regulatory T (Treg) cells prevent autoimmune disorders by suppressing excessive lymphocyte activity, but how interstitial motility patterns of Treg cells limit neuroinflammation is not well understood. We used two-photon microscopy to elucidate the spatial organization, motility characteristics, and interactions of endogenous Treg and Th17 cells together with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) within the spinal cord leptomeninges in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an

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Ratner, S., R. K. Jasti, and G. H. Heppner. "Motility of murine lymphocytes during transit through cell cycle. Analysis by a new in vitro assay." Journal of Immunology 140, no. 2 (1988): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.140.2.583.

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Abstract The relationship between the basal (spontaneous) motility of murine lymphocytes and their position in the cell cycle was examined in a new collagen gel motility assay system. Concanavalin A-stimulated or control lymphocytes were allowed to locomote into slabs of type I collagen gel. The assay configuration permitted extraction of both total populations and locomotory subpopulations as viable, single-cell suspensions suitable for phenotypic and cell analysis. Concanavalin A stimulation resulted in a significant increase in the mean distance traveled by the leading cell front in 4 hr, f

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Strandkvist, Charlotte, Jeppe Juul, Buzz Baum, Alexandre J. Kabla, and Tom Duke. "A kinetic mechanism for cell sorting based on local variations in cell motility." Interface Focus 4, no. 6 (2014): 20140013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2014.0013.

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Our current understanding of cell sorting relies on physical difference, either in the interfacial properties or motile force, between cell types. But is such asymmetry a prerequisite for cell sorting? We test this using a minimal model in which the two cell populations are identical with respect to their physical properties and differences in motility arise solely from how cells interact with their surroundings. The model resembles the Schelling model used in social sciences to study segregation phenomena at the scale of societies. Our results demonstrate that segregation can emerge solely fr

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Soulavie, Fabien, David Piepenbrock, Joëlle Thomas, et al. "hemingway is required for sperm flagella assembly and ciliary motility in Drosophila." Molecular Biology of the Cell 25, no. 8 (2014): 1276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e13-10-0616.

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Cilia play major functions in physiology and development, and ciliary dysfunctions are responsible for several diseases in humans called ciliopathies. Cilia motility is required for cell and fluid propulsion in organisms. In humans, cilia motility deficiencies lead to primary ciliary dyskinesia, with upper-airways recurrent infections, left–right asymmetry perturbations, and fertility defects. In Drosophila, we identified hemingway (hmw) as a novel component required for motile cilia function. hmw encodes a 604–amino acid protein characterized by a highly conserved coiled-coil domain also foun

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Schafer, Dorothy A., Matthew D. Welch, Laura M. Machesky, Paul C. Bridgman, Shelley M. Meyer, and John A. Cooper. "Visualization and Molecular Analysis of Actin Assembly in Living Cells." Journal of Cell Biology 143, no. 7 (1998): 1919–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.143.7.1919.

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Actin filament assembly is critical for eukaryotic cell motility. Arp2/3 complex and capping protein (CP) regulate actin assembly in vitro. To understand how these proteins regulate the dynamics of actin filament assembly in a motile cell, we visualized their distribution in living fibroblasts using green flourescent protein (GFP) tagging. Both proteins were concentrated in motile regions at the cell periphery and at dynamic spots within the lamella. Actin assembly was required for the motility and dynamics of spots and for motility at the cell periphery. In permeabilized cells, rhodamine-acti

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Steinberg, Nitai, Alona Keren-Paz, Qihui Hou, et al. "The extracellular matrix protein TasA is a developmental cue that maintains a motile subpopulation within Bacillus subtilis biofilms." Science Signaling 13, no. 632 (2020): eaaw8905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aaw8905.

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In nature, bacteria form biofilms—differentiated multicellular communities attached to surfaces. Within these generally sessile biofilms, a subset of cells continues to express motility genes. We found that this subpopulation enabled Bacillus subtilis biofilms to expand on high-friction surfaces. The extracellular matrix (ECM) protein TasA was required for the expression of flagellar genes. In addition to its structural role as an adhesive fiber for cell attachment, TasA acted as a developmental signal stimulating a subset of biofilm cells to revert to a motile phenotype. Transcriptomic analys

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Schwarzer, Sabine, Marta Rodriguez-Franco, Hanna M. Oksanen, and Tessa E. F. Quax. "Growth Phase Dependent Cell Shape of Haloarcula." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020231.

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Several haloarchaea are reported to be pleomorphic, while others exhibit remarkable shapes, such as squares. Recently, Haloferax volcanii was found to alter its morphology during growth. Cells are motile rods in early exponential phase, and immotile plates in stationary phase. It is unknown if this growth phase dependent cell shape alteration is a specific feature of Hfx. volcanii, or conserved amongst haloarchaea. Here, we studied the cell shape and motility of two haloarchaea species Haloarcula hispanica and Haloarcula californiae. With a combination of light and electron microscopy, we obse

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Liu, Runfeng, Xingchen Huang, Qinqiang Sun, et al. "Comparative Proteomic Analyses of Poorly Motile Swamp Buffalo Spermatozoa Reveal Low Energy Metabolism and Deficiencies in Motility-Related Proteins." Animals 12, no. 13 (2022): 1706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12131706.

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The acquisition of mammalian sperm motility is a main indicator of epididymal sperm maturation and helps ensure fertilization. Poor sperm motility will prevent sperm cells from reaching the fertilization site, resulting in fertilization failure. To investigate the proteomic profiling of normal and poorly motile buffalo spermatozoa, a strategy applying liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry combined with tandem mass targeting was used. As a result, 145 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in poorly motile spermatozoa (fold change > 1.5), including 52 upregulated a

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Herbert, Shane P., and Guilherme Costa. "Sending messages in moving cells: mRNA localization and the regulation of cell migration." Essays in Biochemistry 63, no. 5 (2019): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20190009.

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Abstract Cell migration is a fundamental biological process involved in tissue formation and homeostasis. The correct polarization of motile cells is critical to ensure directed movement, and is orchestrated by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Of these, the subcellular distribution of mRNAs and the consequent spatial control of translation are key modulators of cell polarity. mRNA transport is dependent on cis-regulatory elements within transcripts, which are recognized by trans-acting proteins that ensure the efficient delivery of certain messages to the leading edge of migrating cells.

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Hauzenberger, D., J. Klominek, J. Holgersson, S. E. Bergström, and K. G. Sundqvist. "Triggering of motile behavior in T lymphocytes via cross-linking of alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha L beta 2." Journal of Immunology 158, no. 1 (1997): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.158.1.76.

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Abstract The mechanisms by which T lymphocytes are transformed from passively transported cells during circulation in the vascular system to actively migrating cells during extravasation are unknown. Therefore, the possibility that lymphocyte receptors are capable of inducing motility was investigated using a modified Boyden chamber assay. Cross-linking of alphaL beta2 and alpha4 beta1 on human T lymphocytes (T cell line and peripheral blood T cells) with immobilized mAbs induced motile behavior on fibronectin, laminin, collagen type IV, and poly-L-lysine. This induction of T cell migration wa

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Ormonde, Patricia, Per Hörstedt, Ronan O'Toole, and Debra L. Milton. "Role of Motility in Adherence to and Invasion of a Fish Cell Line by Vibrio anguillarum." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 8 (2000): 2326–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.8.2326-2328.2000.

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ABSTRACT To understand further the role of the flagellum of Vibrio anguillarum in virulence, invasive and adhesive properties of isogenic motility mutants were analyzed by using a chinook salmon embryo cell line. Adhesion was unaffected but invasion of the cell line was significantly decreased in nonmotile or partially motile mutants, and the chemotactic mutant was hyperinvasive. These results suggest that active motility aids invasion by V. anguillarum, both in vivo and in vitro.

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Lee, Sieun, and Young-Ho Ahn. "Abstract 3861: Microscope-based sorting of highly motile cancer-associated fibroblasts using a photoconvertible fluorescent protein." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (2022): 3861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3861.

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Abstract In the tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known to play key roles in promoting cancer cell invasion and cancer progression. CAFs are also highly invasive compared with normal fibroblasts in a 3-D co-culture system with lung cancer cells. Due to CAF heterogeneity, there are various differences in cell motility even within a CAF population. To classify CAFs according to their motility, we named less motile CAFs as “static CAFs” and more motile CAFs as “motile CAFs”. To separate and isolate these static CAFs and motile CAFs from a 3-D co-culture system, CAFs

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Varnum, B., K. B. Edwards, and D. R. Soll. "Dictyostelium amebae alter motility differently in response to increasing versus decreasing temporal gradients of cAMP." Journal of Cell Biology 101, no. 1 (1985): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.101.1.1.

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Using a perfusion chamber, we examined the behavior of individual amebae in increasing and decreasing temporal gradients of cAMP. We demonstrated that amebae respond to increasing temporal gradients of cAMP with stimulated motility and to corresponding decreasing temporal gradients with depressed motility. Depressed motility observed in decreasing temporal gradients corresponded to the inhibited levels observed when cAMP was applied at constant concentrations. These results were consistent with a simple model for the motile behavior of amebae in an early aggregation territory in which nondissi

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Madeja, Zbigniew, Iwona Szymkiewicz, Anna Żaczek, Jolanta Sroka, Katarzyna Miękus, and Włodzimierz Korohoda. "Contact-activated migration of melanoma B16 and sarcoma XC cells." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 79, no. 4 (2001): 425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o01-029.

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During migration, tumour cells interact with neighbouring neoplastic and normal host cells, and such interaction may influence their motile activity. We investigated the effect of homotypic collisions on the motile activity of two tumour cell lines, mouse melanoma B16 and rat sarcoma XC, and nontransformed human skin fibroblasts. It was found that the tumour cells show only limited motile activity when moving as single cells without contact with neighbours. At a higher density of the culture (and also at a greater number of cell to cell contacts) the activation of motility of investigated tumo

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Prado, Mariana Brandão, Maria Isabel Melo Escobar, Rodrigo Nunes Alves, et al. "Prion Protein at the Leading Edge: Its Role in Cell Motility." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (2020): 6677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186677.

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Cell motility is a central process involved in fundamental biological phenomena during embryonic development, wound healing, immune surveillance, and cancer spreading. Cell movement is complex and dynamic and requires the coordinated activity of cytoskeletal, membrane, adhesion and extracellular proteins. Cellular prion protein (PrPC) has been implicated in distinct aspects of cell motility, including axonal growth, transendothelial migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, formation of lamellipodia, and tumor migration and invasion. The preferential location of PrPC on cell membrane favor

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Williams, Michelle, Michelle D. Hoffman, Jeremy J. Daniel, et al. "Short-Stalked Prosthecomicrobium hirschii Cells Have a Caulobacter-Like Cell Cycle." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 7 (2016): 1149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00896-15.

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ABSTRACTThe dimorphic alphaproteobacteriumProsthecomicrobium hirschiihas both short-stalked and long-stalked morphotypes. Notably, these morphologies do not arise from transitions in a cell cycle. Instead, the maternal cell morphology is typically reproduced in daughter cells, which results in microcolonies of a single cell type. In this work, we further characterized the short-stalked cells and found that these cells have aCaulobacter-like life cycle in which cell division leads to the generation of two morphologically distinct daughter cells. Using a microfluidic device and total internal re

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Uatay, Aydar. "A Stochastic Modelling Framework for Single Cell Migration: Coupling Contractility and Focal Adhesions." Symmetry 12, no. 8 (2020): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12081348.

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The interaction of the actin cytoskeleton with cell–substrate adhesions is necessary for cell migration. While the trajectories of motile cells have a stochastic character, investigations of cell motility mechanisms rarely elaborate on the origins of the observed randomness. Here, guided by a few fundamental attributes of cell motility, I construct a minimal stochastic cell migration model from ground-up. The resulting model couples a deterministic actomyosin contractility mechanism with stochastic cell–substrate adhesion kinetics, and yields a well-defined piecewise deterministic process. Num

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Melkonian, M. "Centrin-Mediated Motility: A Novel Cell Motility Mechanism in Eukaryotic Cells." Botanica Acta 102, no. 1 (1989): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1989.tb00059.x.

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Fletcher, Sarah J., and Joshua Z. Rappoport. "The role of vesicle trafficking in epithelial cell motility." Biochemical Society Transactions 37, no. 5 (2009): 1072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0371072.

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Cell motility is important for many physiological and pathological processes including organ development, wound healing, cancer metastasis and correct immune responses. In particular, epithelial wound healing is both a medically relevant topic and a common experimental model. Mechanisms underlying generation of a polarized cell and maintenance of a motile phenotype during steady-state migration are not well understood. Polarized trafficking of bulk membrane and cell adhesion molecules has been implicated in regulation of cell motility. The present review focuses on the role of different traffi

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Döbereiner, Hans-Günther, Benjamin J. Dubin-Thaler, Gregory Giannone, and Michael P. Sheetz. "Force sensing and generation in cell phases: analyses of complex functions." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 4 (2005): 1542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01181.2004.

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Cellular morphology is determined by motility, force sensing, and force generation that must be finely controlled in a dynamic fashion. Contractile and extensile functions are integrated with the overall cytoskeleton, including linkages from the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and other cells by force sensing. During development, as cells differentiate, variations in protein expression levels result in morphological changes. There are two major explanations for motile behavior: either cellular motility depends in a continuous fashion on cell composition or it exhibits phas

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Agustí, Gemma, Oihane Astola, Elisabeth Rodríguez-Güell, Esther Julián, and Marina Luquin. "Surface Spreading Motility Shown by a Group of Phylogenetically Related, Rapidly Growing Pigmented Mycobacteria Suggests that Motility Is a Common Property of Mycobacterial Species but Is Restricted to Smooth Colonies." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 20 (2008): 6894–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00572-08.

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ABSTRACT Motility in mycobacteria was described for the first time in 1999. It was reported that Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium avium could spread on the surface of solid growth medium by a sliding mechanism and that the presence of cell wall glycopeptidolipids was essential for motility. We recently reported that Mycobacterium vaccae can also spread on growth medium surfaces; however, only smooth colonies presented this property. Smooth colonies of M. vaccae do not produce glycopeptidolipids but contain a saturated polyester that is absent in rough colonies. Here, we demonstrate th

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O'Neil, Heather S., and Hélène Marquis. "Listeria monocytogenes Flagella Are Used for Motility, Not as Adhesins, To Increase Host Cell Invasion." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 12 (2006): 6675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00886-06.

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ABSTRACT Flagellar structures contribute to the virulence of multiple gastrointestinal pathogens either as the effectors of motility, as adhesins, or as a secretion apparatus for virulence factors. Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne, gram-positive pathogen that uses flagella to increase the efficiency of epithelial cell invasion (A. Bigot, H. Pagniez, E. Botton, C. Frehel, I. Dubail, C. Jacquet, A. Charbit, and C. Raynaud, Infect. Immun. 73:5530-5539, 2005; L. Dons, E. Eriksson, Y. Jin, M. E. Rottenberg, K. Kristensson, C. N. Larsen, J. Bresciani, and J. E. Olsen, Infect. Immun. 72:3237-32

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Takayama, Airi, Masayuki Sato, Thumkeo Dean, Toshio Yanagida, and Masahiro Ueda. "2P235 Roles of PI3 kinase in electrotacitc response of Dictyostelium cells(39. Cell motility,Poster Session,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS & BSJ 2006)." Seibutsu Butsuri 46, supplement2 (2006): S354. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.46.s354_3.

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Higashi, Dustin L., Shaun W. Lee, Aurelie Snyder, Nathan J. Weyand, Antony Bakke, and Magdalene So. "Dynamics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Attachment: Microcolony Development, Cortical Plaque Formation, and Cytoprotection." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 10 (2007): 4743–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00687-07.

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ABSTRACT Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the bacterium that causes gonorrhea, a major sexually transmitted disease and a significant cofactor for human immunodeficiency virus transmission. The retactile N. gonorrhoeae type IV pilus (Tfp) mediates twitching motility and attachment. Using live-cell microscopy, we reveal for the first time the dynamics of twitching motility by N. gonorrhoeae in its natural environment, human epithelial cells. Bacteria aggregate into microcolonies on the cell surface and induce a massive remodeling of the microvillus architecture. Surprisingly, the microcolonies are moti

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Basson, Marc D., Matthew A. Sanders, Ruben Gomez, et al. "Focal adhesion kinase protein levels in gut epithelial motility." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 291, no. 3 (2006): G491—G499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00292.2005.

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Mucosal healing requires migration and proliferation. Most studies of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a protein that regulates motility, proliferation, and apoptosis, have focused on rapid phosphorylation. We reported lower FAK protein levels in motile Caco-2 colon cancer cells and postulated that this reduction in FAK available for activation might impact cell migration and mucosal healing. Therefore, total and active FAK (FAK397) immunoreactivity was assessed at the migrating fronts of human Caco-2 and rat IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells. Caco-2 and IEC-6 motility, quantitated as migration in

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Barwe, Sonali P., Gopalakrishnapillai Anilkumar, Sun Y. Moon, et al. "Novel Role for Na,K-ATPase in Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling and Suppression of Cell Motility." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 3 (2005): 1082–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-05-0427.

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The Na,K-ATPase, consisting of α- and β-subunits, regulates intracellular ion homeostasis. Recent studies have demonstrated that Na,K-ATPase also regulates epithelial cell tight junction structure and functions. Consistent with an important role in the regulation of epithelial cell structure, both Na,K-ATPase enzyme activity and subunit levels are altered in carcinoma. Previously, we have shown that repletion of Na,K-ATPase β1-subunit (Na,K-β) in highly motile Moloney sarcoma virus-transformed Madin-Darby canine kidney (MSV-MDCK) cells suppressed their motility. However, until now, the mechani

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Pearson, Gray W., and Tony Hunter. "Real-time imaging reveals that noninvasive mammary epithelial acini can contain motile cells." Journal of Cell Biology 179, no. 7 (2007): 1555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200706099.

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To determine how extracellular signal–regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 promote mammary tumorigenesis, we examined the real-time behavior of cells in an organotypic culture of the mammary glandular epithelium. Inducible activation of ERK1/2 in mature acini elicits cell motility and disrupts epithelial architecture in a manner that is reminiscent of ductal carcinoma in situ; however, motile cells do not invade through the basement membrane and branching morphogenesis does not take place. ERK1/2-induced motility causes cells to move both within the cell monolayer that contacts the basement membrane su

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Takai, H., and M. Morisawa. "Change in intracellular K+ concentration caused by external osmolality change regulates sperm motility of marine and freshwater teleosts." Journal of Cell Science 108, no. 3 (1995): 1175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.108.3.1175.

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We previously demonstrated that osmolality isotonic to the seminal plasma suppresses sperm motility in marine and freshwater teleosts, and exposure of sperm to hypertonicity of sea water or hypotonicity of fresh water, respectively, induces the initiation of sperm motility at spawning. The motile sperm became immotile by return of osmolality to the isotonic osmolality both in a marine teleost, the puffer fish, and a freshwater teleost, the zebrafish. The initiation and termination of sperm motility could be repeated several times by changing surrounding osmolality in both species. In demembran

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Chen, Rui, Sarah B. Guttenplan, Kris M. Blair та Daniel B. Kearns. "Role of the σD-Dependent Autolysins in Bacillus subtilis Population Heterogeneity". Journal of Bacteriology 191, № 18 (2008): 5775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00521-09.

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ABSTRACT Exponentially growing populations of Bacillus subtilis contain two morphologically and functionally distinct cell types: motile individuals and nonmotile multicellular chains. Motility differentiation arises because RNA polymerase and the alternative sigma factor σD activate expression of flagellin in a subpopulation of cells. Here we demonstrate that the peptidoglycan-remodeling autolysins under σD control, LytC, LytD, and LytF, are expressed in the same subpopulation of cells that complete flagellar synthesis. Morphological heterogeneity is explained by the expression of LytF that i

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Kajiya, Hiroshi, Fujio Okamoto, Hidefumi Fukushima, Keisuke Takada, and Koji Okabe. "Mechanism and role of high-potassium-induced reduction of intracellular Ca2+ concentration in rat osteoclasts." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 285, no. 2 (2003): C457—C466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00033.2003.

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Osteoclasts are multinucleated, bone-resorbing cells that show structural and functional differences between the resorbing and nonresorbing (motile) states during the bone resorption cycle. In the present study, we measured intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in nonresorbing vs. resorbing rat osteoclasts. Basal [Ca2+]i in osteoclasts possessing pseudopodia (nonresorbing/motile state) was around 110 nM and significantly higher than that in actin ring-forming osteoclasts (resorbing state, around 50 nM). In nonresorbing/motile osteoclasts, exposure to high K+ reduced [Ca2+]i, whereas high

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TAYLOR, E. W. "Cell Motility." Journal of Cell Science 1986, Supplement 4 (1986): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.1986.supplement_4.6.

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Gaskins, Elizabeth, Stacey Gilk, Nicolette DeVore, Tara Mann, Gary Ward, and Con Beckers. "Identification of the membrane receptor of a class XIV myosin in Toxoplasma gondii." Journal of Cell Biology 165, no. 3 (2004): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200311137.

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Apicomplexan parasites exhibit a unique form of substrate-dependent motility, gliding motility, which is essential during their invasion of host cells and during their spread between host cells. This process is dependent on actin filaments and myosin that are both located between the plasma membrane and two underlying membranes of the inner membrane complex. We have identified a protein complex in the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii that contains the class XIV myosin required for gliding motility, TgMyoA, its associated light chain, TgMLC1, and two novel proteins, TgGAP45 and TgGAP50.

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Nguyen, HoangKim T., Jaspreet Sandhu, Gerasimos Langousis, and Kent L. Hill. "CMF22 Is a Broadly Conserved Axonemal Protein and Is Required for Propulsive Motility in Trypanosoma brucei." Eukaryotic Cell 12, no. 9 (2013): 1202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00068-13.

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ABSTRACT The eukaryotic flagellum (or cilium) is a broadly conserved organelle that provides motility for many pathogenic protozoa and is critical for normal development and physiology in humans. Therefore, defining core components of motile axonemes enhances understanding of eukaryotic biology and provides insight into mechanisms of inherited and infectious diseases in humans. In this study, we show that component of motile flagella 22 (CMF22) is tightly associated with the flagellar axoneme and is likely to have been present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. The CMF22 amino acid sequen

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Matz, Carsten, and Klaus Jürgens. "High Motility Reduces Grazing Mortality of Planktonic Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 2 (2005): 921–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.2.921-929.2005.

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ABSTRACT We tested the impact of bacterial swimming speed on the survival of planktonic bacteria in the presence of protozoan grazers. Grazing experiments with three common bacterivorous nanoflagellates revealed low clearance rates for highly motile bacteria. High-resolution video microscopy demonstrated that the number of predator-prey contacts increased with bacterial swimming speed, but ingestion rates dropped at speeds of >25 μm s−1 as a result of handling problems with highly motile cells. Comparative studies of a moderately motile strain (<25 μm s−1) and a highly motile strain (&gt

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AL-Janabi, Mohammed Hashim, Hazim I. Al-Ahmed, and Zaid A. Thabit. "The effect of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Escherichia coli on human sperm motility." Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 12, no. 2 (2018): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2018.12.2.535.

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Escherichia coli were isolated from vaginal and cervical samples during vaginal examination. Fifteen semen samples have been gathered through masturbation after three days of sexual abstinence. The Cell-Free Supernatant (CFS) of Escherichia has been collected by removing the cells from overnight broth cultures and filtered. The effect of (CFS) of Escherichia coli on spermatozoa motility was determined by using Earl’s balanced solution to prepare1:2 to 1:16 dilutions of CSF. Results conducted there was a significant difference in the count number of motile spermatozoa in 15 seminal fluid sample

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BRENT HEATH, I. "Evidence Against a Direct Role for Cortical Actin Arrays in Saltatory Organelle Motility in Hyphae of the Fungus Saprolegnia Ferax." Journal of Cell Science 91, no. 1 (1988): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.91.1.41.

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Actin stained by rhodamine-labelled phalloidin in growing hyphae of the oomycete fungus Saprolegnia ferax is restricted to an approximately 0.25 μm deep layer of the cell periphery where it forms an apical cap of fine filaments and a subapical array of coarser longitudinal fibrils interspersed with plaques. The functions of this actin are unknown, but because actin-rich fibrils in other cells are involved in organelle motility I have sought evidence for a similar role in these hyphae. The most prominent motile structures are a population of spherical, predominantly sub-micrometre diameter, ref

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Tozluoglu, Melda, Yanlan Mao, Paul A. Bates, and Erik Sahai. "Cost–benefit analysis of the mechanisms that enable migrating cells to sustain motility upon changes in matrix environments." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 106 (2015): 20141355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.1355.

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Cells can move through extracellular environments with varying geometries and adhesive properties. Adaptation to these differences is achieved by switching between different modes of motility, including lamellipod-driven and blebbing motility. Further, cells can modulate their level of adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) depending on both the level of force applied to the adhesions and cell intrinsic biochemical properties. We have constructed a computational model of cell motility to investigate how motile cells transition between extracellular environments with varying surface continu

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Lux, Renate, James N. Miller, No-Hee Park, and Wenyuan Shi. "Motility and Chemotaxis in Tissue Penetration of Oral Epithelial Cell Layers by Treponema denticola." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 10 (2001): 6276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.10.6276-6283.2001.

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ABSTRACT The ability to penetrate tissue is an important virulence factor for pathogenic spirochetes. Previous studies have recognized the role of motility in allowing pathogenic spirochetes to invade tissues and migrate to sites favorable for bacterial proliferation. However, the nature of the movements, whether they are random or controlled by chemotaxis systems, has yet to be established. In this study, we addressed the role of motility and chemotaxis in tissue penetration by the periodontal disease-associated oral spirochete Treponema denticola using an oral epithelial cell line-based expe

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