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Academic literature on the topic 'Cell-Embryon'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cell-Embryon"
de Graeff, Nienke, Lien De Proost, and Megan Munsie. "‘Ceci n’est pas un embryon?’ The ethics of human embryo model research." Nature Methods 20, no. 12 (December 2023): 1863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41592-023-02066-9.
Full textGenevière, Anne-Marie, Antoine Aze, and Yasmine Even. "Embryon d'oursin et séquençage du génome de l'espèce S. purpuratus : quels apports à l'étude du cycle cellulaire ?" Journal de la Société de Biologie 201, no. 1 (2007): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio:2007004.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Cell-Embryon"
Savagner, Pierre. "Etude des mécanismes invasifs de colonisation de l'ébauche thymique par des précurseurs hématopoïétiques chez l'embryon d'oiseau." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066530.
Full textShajahan, Shireen. "Z-DNA drives Zscan4-dependent chromatin reorganization to induce and safeguard totipotent stem cell identity." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS221.pdf.
Full textMammalian development is characterized by a sequence of cell fate decisionsalong an irreversible pathway of restricted developmental potential and increasingcell specialization. With progressing development, a gradual restriction inpotency is accompanied by significant transcriptome modulation and drasticchromatin reprogramming. Totipotent 2-cell (2C) embryos are defined by aunique transcriptional signature and a relaxed chromatin organization (globalhypomethylation, poor chromatin organization and increased chromatinaccessibility). However, how 2C embryos safeguard their strict cell identity in arelaxed chromatin conformation remains poorly understood.The spontaneous conversion of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to a 2C-like state, called 2C like cells (2CLCs), provides a convenient in vitro modelsystem to study totipotent-like characteristics as they share several features with2C embryos. To investigate genome-wide chromatin interactions, chromosomeconformation capture experiments (Hi-C) were conducted in both mESCs and2CLCs. While the global chromosome architecture remained stable between thetwo cell populations, we identified new large interacting regions specific to2CLCs, located towards one end of numerous chromosomes. The formation ofthese chromatin interactions depends on Zscan4, a transcription factor expressedspecifically at the 2C stage. Intriguingly, Zscan4 binds to motifs predisposed toadopt a Z-DNA conformation, characterized by a left-handed double helix. Wedetected the presence of Z-DNA in 2CLCs, and inducing it significantly increasedthe proportion of 2CLCs displaying chromatin conformation akin to spontaneous2CLCs. Mechanistically, we propose that Z-DNA formation plays a role inaltering DNA replication timing, a process known to promote cell transitions.In summary, we propose a novel role for Zscan4 in forming 3D genomeinteraction, a process that may be critical in establishing and maintainingtotipotency
Geiselmann, Anna Maria. "The PI3K/AKT pathway regulates cell fate identities during early mouse development." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS138.pdf.
Full textThe early mouse embryo is a unique paradigm for regulative development which requires a fine-tuned balance between plasticity and commitment. In just a few days, the fertilized egg forms a multicellular embryo which is able to attach to and develop intricate connections with the mother's uterine tissue. Initially equivalent, early embryonic cells become restricted in their developmental potential and commit to a specific cell identity while keeping short windows of responsiveness to react to external cues or developmental perturbations. Shortly before implantation, the inner cell mass (ICM) of early blastocysts differentiates into the epiblast (Epi), that will give rise to the fetus, and the primitive endoderm (PrE), at the origin of extraembryonic tissues. Previous studies have established a regulatory network, involving the transcription factors (TFs) NANOG and GATA6 and the FGF/ERK signaling, which controls many aspects of this differentiation process. However, several questions remain about the underlying mechanisms controlling the generation of the first embryonic lineages. The objective of this thesis was to study the role of PI3K/AKT signaling during blastocyst development when first Epi, then PrE cells arise from the uncommitted pool of ICM cells. My work demonstrates that PI3K/AKT is constitutively active during preimplantation development and that variations of signaling activities occur during mid to late blastocyst stages. By modulating pathway activity, I could demonstrate that PI3K/AKT activity is a premise for Epi formation as the Epi-specific TFs NANOG and SOX2 are dramatically reduced and endodermal SOX17 is activated in the absence of PI3K/AKT. I further provide evidence that the regulation of TF patterning in the ICM is, at least in part, mediated by the PI3K/AKT downstream target GSK3. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) revealed that PI3K/AKT inhibition induced marginal alterations in the inner cell transcriptome, indicating that PI3K/AKT regulates TFs levels through post-transcriptional mechanisms. Surprisingly, I observed upregulation of SOX17 when PI3K/AKT is inhibited in Gata6 mutant embryos which suggests that initiation of PrE fate requires the release of PI3K/AKT inhibition. In conclusion, this PhD project illustrates that PI3K/AKT, a pathway often associated with controlling survival, proliferation and metabolism, acts also as a mediator of cell fate during a specific and limited period of early mouse development. We propose that PI3K/AKT guards the pluripotency of forming Epi progenitors by maintaining the expression of key Epi markers while simultaneously preventing differentiation towards PrE fate. Thus, my work gives novel and important insights into the regulation of the Epi master TF NANOG in early embryos and identifies signals other than FGF/ERK signaling that participate in lineage decisions independently of the latter
Fremont, Patrick. "Differenciation en culture in vitro de myoblastes d'ebauches musculaires lentes et rapides de l'embryon d'oiseau : influence de l'innervation et de l'activite mecanique." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT2028.
Full textRosfelter, Anne. "Le positionnement du fuseau mitotique chez le zygote d'ascidie et son rôle dans la répartition des organelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS063.
Full textAfter oocyte fertilization, a microtubule aster forms around the male DNA. The sperm aster brings the female pro-nucleus to the male pro-nucleus so they can fuse, but it also moves the fused nuclei to the cell center to ensure an equitable cell division. Numerous studies performed in vitro, by modeling or experimentally in species such as C. elegans, P. lividus, and M. musculus, addressed the aster and spindle centration mechanisms. Three main mechanisms emerged; pushing, cortical pulling, and cytoplasmic pulling. By studying aster centration in the zygote of the ascidian P. mammillata, I discovered a system that combines these three mechanisms based on the cell cycle stages. In meiosis, the aster uses the polymerization of its microtubules to push against the actin cortex and move away from it (pushing). Once in interphase, the aster returns to the cortex by a pull exerted by the membrane on the microtubules (cortical pulling). At mitosis entry, cortical pulling stops, and releases the mitotic spindle's asters. In consequence, the asters give in to the forces exerted by the transport of organelles to the aster center (cytoplasmic pulling), that appeared constant during the cell cycle. Cytoplasmic pulling hence participate in centering the spindle While the aster forms and moves, the intracellular compartments reorganize. To understand how intracellular organization can be disrupted by aster formation, I studied the case of yolk. The yolk, in the form of vesicles (called granules or platelets), is initially abundant and homogeneous in the unfertilized oocyte. However, as soon as the aster appears, its distribution changes and the yolk platelets are excluded from the region containing the aster. This exclusion generated by the aster formation in the zygote is maintained during development. I observed that yolk exclusion is mainly due to the accumulation at the aster of other organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum. The transport function of the aster microtubules is therefore sufficient to completely reorganize the cell by excluding some organelles and accumulating others. The movements of the aster and the spindle, their regulation by cell cycle, and the intracellular reorganization, identified here in the ascidian zygote, rely on basic elements of a cell, namely: the microtubules, the actin cortex, the endoplasmic reticulum, the proteins of the cell cycle, etc. Thus, the discoveries presented here cover a broad scope, and seem adaptable to the specificities of different cell types
Ahmad, Nazem. "La cinetique cellulaire de la premiere molaire inferieure de l'embryon de souris in vivo et in vitro." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13045.
Full textBOSC, CHRISTOPHE. "Caracterisation moleculaire et expression in vivo de la proteine stop de cerveau de rat, effecteur de la stabilite des microtubules neuronaux." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10151.
Full textChneiweiss, Hervé. "Récepteurs centraux des monoamines et de neuropeptides couplés à l'adénylate cyclase de populations neuronales et astrocytaires de l'embryon de souris en culture primaire." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066083.
Full textCohen, Edith. "Etude cytologique de la cellule neuro-epitheliale, chez l'embryon de souris, au stade initial de la differenciation neuronale." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066155.
Full textGrinfeld, Simone. "Etude du blocage en phase G du premier cycle cellulaire, induit par les rayons X dans l'oeuf de souris." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376057177.
Full textBooks on the topic "Cell-Embryon"
Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research. National Academies Press, 2005.
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