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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cell conditioning

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cell conditioning'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cell conditioning"

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Woywodt, Alexander, Johanna Scheer, Lothar Hambach, Stefanie Buchholz, Arnold Ganser, Hermann Haller, Bernd Hertenstein, and Marion Haubitz. "Circulating endothelial cells as a marker of endothelial damage in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation." Blood 103, no. 9 (May 1, 2004): 3603–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-10-3479.

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Abstract Damage to endothelial cells is the common feature of vascular disorders associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Elevated numbers of circulating endothelial cells reflect the extent of endothelial damage in a variety of disorders but their use in HSCT has not been investigated so far. We studied 39 patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT with different conditioning regimens and 22 healthy controls. Circulating endothelial cells were enumerated with immunomagnetic isolation during the course of HSCT. After conditioning, cell numbers were significantly elevated (median 44 cells/mL) compared with baseline (median 16 cells/mL) and controls (median 8 cells/mL). Patients who received radiation had an earlier peak when compared with patients who received chemotherapy. Patients who received reduced-intensity conditioning had significantly lower cell numbers (median 24 cells/mL) than those who received standard conditioning. These observations provide a novel marker to investigate microvascular endothelial damage and the effects of different conditioning regimens in patients undergoing HSCT. (Blood. 2004;103:3603-3605)

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Can, Sun, Lin Xia, Huang Yuxian, Chen Tuzhen, and Bingyi Wu. "More Intensity Immuno-Suppression In Conditioning Regimen may Favor Donor Stem Cell Sustained Engraftment In Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation For Acquired Severe Aplastic Anemia Patients." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 5452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.5452.5452.

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Abstract Background Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the first-line therapy for patients younger less than 40 years old with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). And the long-term survival for patients with SAA who received HSCT reaches to 70%-90%. Cyclophosphamide-based conditioning regimen with or without antithymocyte globulin (ATG) has been adopted in majority of HSCT for SAA patients with HLA matched related donor. However the graft rejection and graft failure in HSCT for SAA with cyclophosphamide-based conditioning regimen is still as high as 5%-16%. The aim of this study is to explore whether more immue suppression in conditioning regimen could favor the donor stem cells sustained engraftment for severe aplastic anemia patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Fludarabine and busulfan were added in cyclophosphamide-based conditioning regimen to intensity immune suppression in conditioning. Methods To analyze the outcomes and chimeras of 40 patients with SAA who received HLA matched allo-HSCT from 2000 to 2012 with either fludarabine-based conditioning regimen or cyclophosphamide-based conditioning regimen retrospectively and to explore the relationship between the chimeras and conditioning regimen. Results Forty patients with SAA who received HLA matched allo-HSCT From May, 2000 to Dec. 2012. Twelve patients ( median age 25 year old range 13-52, male 7, femal 5) received fludarabine-based conditioning regimen which composed of fludarabine (30 mg/m2/d ×5d), busulfan ( 3 mg/kg ×2d ), cyclophosphamide ( 60mg/kg/d×2d) and ATG (2.5mg/kg/d ×5d). Twenty patients( median age 23 year old range 12-42, male 19, femal 9) received cyclophosphamide-based conditioning regimen which composed of cyclophosphamide (50mg/kg/d ×4d )and ATG (2.5mg/kg/d ×2d ). The median dose of MNC were 4.5×108/kg (range 3.8-7.0×108/kg )and 3.58×108/kg (range 3.2-6.8×108/kg ) and CD34+ cells were 4.5×108/kg and 3.58×108/kg respectively. GVHD prophylaxis were cyclosporine and short-term course methotrexate. Donor chimera was detected on day+30, +90, +180, and 360 after HSCT by short tandem repeat polymerase chain reaction, or fluorescein in situ hybridization for X and Y chromosomes in cases when patients and donors were sex mismatched. Results All patients with fludarabine-based conditioning regimen were successful Hematopoietic reconstitution and no graft failure occurred in this group patients. But two patients could not get recovery in cyclophosphamid-based conditioning regimen group. And complete donor chimeras always present when chimeras were detected by STR-PCR or FISH at day 30,day 60, day 90 and d 180 post transplantation in fludarabine-based conditioning regimen group, while seven patients with cyclophosphamide-based conditioning regimen were mixed chimeras at day 30 post transplant. The graft was rejected in six of the seven patients at day 90 post transplant in cyclophosphamide-based conditioning regimen group. The complete donor chimera in fludarabine-based conditioning regimen group was obvious higher than that in cyclophosphamide-based conditioning regimen group ( p=0.037). The incidence of aGVHD in the fludarabine group was 16.7% and 10.7% in the cyclophosphamide-based group. There is no significant difference of aGVHD between two group (P = 0.627). The incidence of cGVHD was 8.3% and 10.7% respectively. The bacterial infections developed in 16.7% and 28.6% of patients respectively (P=0.693), The overall survival were 83.33% and 82.14% in fludarabine-based conditioning regimen group and cyclophosphamide-based group respectively (p=0.870). Conclusions More intensity immuno-suppression in conditioning regimen may favor donor stem cell sustained engraftment in allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acquired severe aplastic anemia patients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Jadasz, Janusz Joachim, David Kremer, Peter Göttle, Nevena Tzekova, Julia Domke, Francisco J. Rivera, James Adjaye, Hans-Peter Hartung, Ludwig Aigner, and Patrick Küry. "Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioning Promotes Rat Oligodendroglial Cell Maturation." PLoS ONE 8, no. 8 (August 12, 2013): e71814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071814.

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Divito, Sherrie J., Christopher Elco, Indira Guleria, Edgar Milford, Corey Cutler, and Thomas S. Kupper. "Host skin T cells survive stem cell transplant conditioning and are functional during acute GVHD." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2017): 82.13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.82.13.

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Abstract Graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in stem cell transplantation (SCT). Acute GVHD is thought to be mediated by donor T cells that target and destroy host tissues. Studies into the host immune system are limited, as it is assumed that host T cells in peripheral tissues such as skin are depleted by conditioning regimens in parallel to T cells in lymphoid organs and blood. However, it is recently appreciated that a high number of memory T cells reside long-term within the organs most affected by GVHD. We investigated whether host skin T cells survive SCT conditioning and are present during acute GVHD. To do so, excess skin biopsy tissue was obtained from patients with acute skin GVHD who had undergone myeloablative or non-myeloablative conditioning and allogeneic SCT with sex-mismatched donor cells. Tissue was stained for T cell markers via immunofluorescence concurrently with in situ hybridization for the X and Y chromosomes. All seventeen patients studied demonstrated persistence of host T cells in skin, often in equal or greater numbers than donor T cells. Host skin T cells survived regardless of myeloablative or non-myeloablative conditioning, of patient age, and of day post-SCT (samples ranged from 12–213 days post-SCT). Comparatively, blood T cell chimerism was 100% donor in nearly all samples, indicating diverging effects of conditioning on T cell compartments. Skin host T cells demonstrated pro-inflammatory cytokine production. These results provide a novel avenue of research into GVHD pathobiology and suggest that alternative conditioning regimens should be employed if host skin T cells are to be targeted.

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Yamamoto, Shuhei, Yasunori Mitani, Masayuki Watanabe, Akihiro Satake, and Yoshiaki Ushifusa. "Fuel Cell Co-generation and PCS Control for Suppressing Frequency and Voltage Fluctuation due to PV Power." International Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering 9, no. 2 (June 2021): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijeee.9.2.48-51.

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The purpose of this study is to control active power of fuel cell co-generation system and reactive power of power conditioning system to suppress frequency fluctuation in power system and voltage fluctuation in distribution system caused by variation of photovoltaic power. The governor-free control for fuel cell co-generation system is applied to reduce frequency fluctuation in power system. A method which controls power fluctuation in distribution system for power conditioning system is applied to reduce voltage fluctuation. The authors reveal the effectiveness of the method by a simulation model. The results suggest that fuel cell co-generation system and power conditioning system work to reduce each targeted fluctuation.

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Limerick, Emily, and Courtney Fitzhugh. "Choice of Donor Source and Conditioning Regimen for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Sickle Cell Disease." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111997.

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In the United States, one out of every 500 African American children have sickle cell disease (SCD), and SCD affects approximately 100,000 Americans. Significant advances in the treatment of this monogenetic disorder have failed to substantially extend the life expectancy of adults with SCD over the past two decades. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative option for patients with SCD. While human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched sibling HSCT has been successful, its availability is extremely limited. This review summarizes various conditioning regimens that are currently available. We explore recent efforts to expand the availability of allogeneic HSCT, including matched unrelated, umbilical cord blood, and haploidentical stem cell sources. We consider the use of nonmyeloablative conditioning and haploidentical donor sources as emerging strategies to expand transplant availability, particularly for SCD patients with complications and comorbidities who can undergo neither matched related transplant nor myeloablative conditioning. Finally, we show that improved conditioning agents have improved success rates not only in the HLA-matched sibling setting but also alternative donor settings.

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Antin, Joseph H. "Reduced-Intensity Stem Cell Transplantation." Hematology 2007, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2007.1.47.

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Abstract The recognition that the immune system can play a major role in the control and cure of transplantable disorders led to the development of reduced-intensity allogeneic transplantation. The notion is that a compromise can be made between the intensity of conditioning and the fostering of graft-versus-host disease/ graft-versus-leukemia (GVHD/GVL), allowing the use of less intense conditioning with concomitantly less intense immediate toxicity. Reduced-intensity conditioning regimens have allowed the application of transplantation to older patients and to patients with underlying medical problems that preclude full-dose transplantation. Clearly, in some settings in which dose intensity is important, reduced-intensity regimens are less useful. However, for diseases that are either indolent, highly susceptible to GVL, or under good control before entering transplantation, this approach appears to have substantial benefits. Although the therapy appears to be valuable, concerns about delayed immune reconstitution and GVHD remain.

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Granadier, David, Kirsten Cooper, Dante Dennis Acenas II, Lorenzo Iovino, Paul Deroos, Vanessa A. Hernandez, and Jarrod A. Dudakov. "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HCT) Conditioning Leads to NK Cell Cytotoxicity Limiting Endogenous Thymus Regeneration." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-188387.

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The thymus is highly sensitive to acute injury such as the cytoreductive conditioning given pre-hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT). The thymus is capable of regeneration, however its reparative capacity and T cell productivity decline with age. This leaves HCT recipients vulnerable to relapse of malignancy and opportunistic infection - the leading causes of post-HCT mortality - during a prolonged period of lymphopenia. Better understanding the endogenous mechanisms by which thymus regeneration is regulated may inform therapeutic interventions to improve T cell reconstitution in these patients. Here, we report that HCT conditioning leads to rises in stimulatory cytokine IL-18, subsequent activation of NK cells and increased cytotoxicity, which aberrantly suppresses organ recovery. Our group has reported that HCT-conditioning by ionizing radiation leads to increased Caspase-1 mediated immunogenic cell death within the thymus (Kinsella 2023 BioRxiv). Consistent with the cleavage of Caspase-1, we found an increase in release of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1b and IL-18. Although mice deficient for IL-1b signaling receptor ( Il1r -/-) did not show any modulation in their ability to regenerate after TBI, we found that mice deficient for IL-18 signaling (Il18 -/-) exhibited increased thymic cellularity one week following acute damage by sublethal irradiation (SL-TBI) (Fig. 1A left). This led us to conclude that post-damage activation and release of IL-18 suppresses thymus regeneration. We found that IL-18R was not expressed on most developing thymocytes and although a minority of thymic epithelial cells expressed the receptor, mice with a deficiency in IL-18R restricted to TECs ( Il18r1fl/fl:Foxn1-Cre +) showed no difference in regenerative capacity following conditioning. To rule out an effect on hematopoietic progenitors, for which IL-18R expression has been reported ( Silberstein 2016 Cell Stem Cell 6;19), we performed a competitive transplantation of Il18r1 -/- and WT bone marrow and measured T cell production, which showed no competitive advantage of Il18r1 -/- donor cells; this demonstrated that IL-18 does not directly regulate progenitor cells themselves, but rather, more likely acts via a bystander thymus-resident population. Within the thymus, IL-18R was expressed by highly radioresistant NK1.1 + NKT and NK cells. Depletion of both populations with anti-NK1.1 monoclonal antibody improved thymus cellularity in WT mice (Fig. 1A middle). Notably, NKT deficient CD1d -/- mice showed no defective repair which suggested that the depletion upon NK1.1 + cell depletion is largely mediated by NK cells. Depletion of NK1.1 + cells in Il18 -/- mice did not improve regeneration further, suggesting that NK-mediated suppression is IL-18 dependent. Given the known role of IL-18 in NK cell activation, we hypothesized that the HCT-conditioning resultant rise in IL-18 stimulates NK cells leading to “accidental” targeting of regeneration promoting cells. NK cell production of cytotoxic factors including IFNg, GzmB and Perforin increases following radiation conditioning, although only mice deficient for Perforin and not IFNg -exhibited improved thymus cellularity 7 days post HCT-conditioning (Fig 1A right). Further supporting this hypothesis, IL-18R +CD49b + NK cells isolated from the thymus 2-days post-irradiation induced more target cell death in head-to-head cytotoxicity assays compared to NK cells isolated pre-radiation (Fig 1B). Finally, we observe TEC downregulation of NK cytotoxicity inhibitory ligand MHC-I following radiation conditioning, suggesting that critical regeneration promoting stroma may be the targets of these activated NK cells. These findings suggest that, while necessary for successful transplantation, conditioning regimens may induce cytotoxicity of bystander NK cells which suppresses thymus recovery. Furthermore, we implicate conditioning induced immunogenic cell death and increased IL-18 in the stimulation of these suppressive cytotoxic cells and suggest that therapeutically targeting IL-18 and NK cell cytotoxicity may improve T cell reconstitution post-HCT.

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Limerick, Emily, and Allistair Abraham. "Across the Myeloablative Spectrum: Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Conditioning Regimens for Pediatric Patients with Sickle Cell Disease." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 13 (July 3, 2022): 3856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133856.

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One out of every five hundred African American children in the United States has sickle cell disease (SCD). While multiple disease-modifying therapies are available, hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) remains the only curative option for children with SCD. HLA-matched sibling HCT has demonstrated excellent efficacy, but its availability remains limited; alternative donor strategies are increasingly explored. While Busulfan-Cyclophosphamide has become the most widespread conditioning regimen employed in HCT for pediatric SCD, many other regimens have been examined. This review explores different conditioning regimens across the intensity spectrum: from myeloablative to non-myeloablative. We describe survival and organ function outcomes in pediatric SCD patients who have received HCT and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the various conditioning intensities. Finally, we posit novel directions in allogeneic HCT for SCD.

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Elsabbagh, Eman M., Osama Abunar, Ammar Habbal, Mohammad Tanbour, Ahmed Mansour, Mohamed Sarhan, Ahmed Elkaryoni, and Sherif M. Badawy. "Alternative-Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Sickle Cell Disease in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 5875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119287.

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Abstract Background Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from HLA-matched sibling donor for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) provides excellent curative potential with acceptable rates of graft rejection and other common post transplant complications. However, in the United States, only 18% of patients with SCD have an HLA-matched sibling donor. Hence, multiple studies adopted various strategies to figure out alternative donors with favorable outcomes. Poor engraftment, graft versus host disease (GVHD) and regimen related toxicities are the main obstacles following alternative-donor transplant. To overcome these complications, different modalities had been experimented targeting the source of the stem cell, CD34 and TNC cell counts, pre-transplant conditioning regimens and adding immunosuppressive drugs pre/post transplant. However, so far there is no worldwide consensus about robust strategy for alternative donor HSCT. Aim The aim of this review is to systematically evaluate the outcomes of alternative-donor HSCT in patients with SCD in pediatric population, and correlate the outcomes with experimented interventional regimens. Methods We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Cochrane and Clinical trials.gov from 2000 till February 2018. We utilized the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for Preferred Reporting Results (PRISMA). Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts, assessed full-text articles, extracted data from included articles, and assessed their quality. Risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using ROBINS-I tool. Data of platelet/neutrophil recovery, acute/chronic GvHD incidence and overall survival were pooled in a single-arm meta-analysis approach. Results Of the 2886 records examined, 19 met predefined criteria. 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. 12 clinical trials, 5 cohort observational studies and 2 case reports. All studies had a sample size <50. The pooled times of platelet and neutrophil recovery were 31.55 and 20.15 days, respectively. The pooled incidences of acute and chronic GvHD were 36.1% and 21.7, respectively (Figure 1). The pooled one-year overall survival was 90.3% and two-years was 88.3%. Neutrophil engraftment was earlier and more sustained after using Reduced Intensity Conditioning, 16 days (7-32) compared to 23 days (12-42) after Myelo-ablative Conditioning, (P=0.013). Platelet engraftment was earlier and more sustained after using Reduced Intensity Conditioning, 29 days (15-204) in comparison to 62 days (18-123) after Myelo-ablative Conditioning, (P=0.026). The median duration of neutrophil engraftment after mismatched related donors was 14 days (14-17), after unrelated donors was 14 days (9-25) , after haplo-identical transplantation was 14 days (12-16), after umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) was 23 days (7-42), (P=0.001). The median duration of platelet engraftment after haplo-identical and mismatched related transplantation was 19 days, after matched unrelated donors was 19 days (18-24), after mismatched unrelated donors was 22 day (19-37) and after UCBT was 47 days (15-204), (P=.001). There was no significant difference in acute/chronic GvHD between different types of alternative donors but acute GvHD was significantly less in Myelo-ablative Conditioning compared to Reduced Intensity Conditioning (P=.036) Conclusion Our systematic review showed better outcomes with using Myelo-ablative Conditioning and post transplant cyclophosphamide in haplo-identical transplantation compared to using Reduced Intensity Conditioning. Adding pre-transplant immunosuppressive drugs in haplo-identical transplantation didn't significantly improve the outcomes. In unrelated donor no significant difference between Myelo-ablative Conditioning and Reduced Intensity Conditioning but adding Mesenchymal Stem Cell to the reduced intensity regimen improved the outcomes. In UCBT and mismatched related donors, Reduced Intensity Conditioning had better outcomes especially with high doses of TNC and CD34 cell counts and with applying Mesenchymal Stem Cell or adequate dose of Alemtuzumab. Randomized controlled trials are mandated to generate standardized regimen in the setting of alternative-donor HSCT. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cell conditioning"

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Lee, Elaine Linda. "Mechanical Conditioning of Cell Layers for Tissue Engineering." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1322758337.

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Banerjee, Tamoghna. "Power Conditioning System on a Micro-Grid System." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7736.

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This paper presents renewable energy, power electronics, and distributed generators. The focus is on wind farm generator, photovoltaic cell, and battery bank system. Power Conditioning system improves the performance of a power system. Apart from the benefits of converting between DC/AC, there is adequate control of real power and additional control of economic reactive power. This is possible because of multiple sources in the system. This project throws light on the basic principle of power system conditioning, its operation and control, and the economic studies.

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Harfman, Todorovic Maja. "Analysis and design of power conditioning systems." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2721.

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Zhuang, Lihui. "Mechanisms of microenvironmental conditioning in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6486.

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Tumours are not autonomous transformed cell populations, but rather a society composed of both malignant and normal, including immune, cells that together foster tumour growth and development. Tumour-associated macrophages have been reported to enhance tumour growth, progression and metastasis. In high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, prototypically the B-cell neoplasm, Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL), infiltrating macrophages engulf large numbers of apoptotic tumour cells. Evidence suggests that apoptotic BL cells can condition the tumour microenvironment to promote lymphoma development by selectively attracting macrophages while inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and by stimulating macrophages to produce the B-cell growth and survival factor. Tumour cells grow in a hypoxic and nutrient-deficient environment and the resultant cellular stress can induce apoptosis. It is therefore possible that hostile environmental conditions in the tumour also contribute to the generation of a pro-tumour microenvironment. This thesis describes investigations which examined this hypothesis. BL cells were cultured at high density to mimic conditions of metabolic stress existing in the tumour environment. Cell-free supernatants from such stressed BL cells demonstrated potent chemoattractive activity for mononuclear phagocytes. Supernatants from BL cells that were protected from apoptosis by over-expression of bcl-2 had similar ability, confirming that chemoattractant release was apoptosis-independent. The observation that apyrase and suramin could inhibit the chemotactic activity of these supernatants suggested that nucleotides might be the apoptosis-independent chemoattractant. Detection of ATP in stress supernatants by bioluminescence assay was consistent with this proposal. Significantly, supernatants from BL cells and those transfected with bcl-2 were both found to inhibit neutrophil migration, suggesting the occurrence of a neutrophil migration inhibitory factor whose release was apoptosis-independent. Furthermore, stress supernatants could promote BL cell proliferation in vitro, which was apoptosis and cell line-independent. In order to study the role of TAM in the tumour microenvironment, a novel macrophage model was devised using mouse embryonic stem cells (ES cells). Cells derived from ES cells generated in vitro expressed macrophage-specific markers and were free of dendritic cells and undifferentiated ES cells. ES cell-derived macrophages (ESDM) could migrate towards apoptotic BL cells and engulf them. However, ESDM migrated to stress supernatants with decreasing efficiency as they matured. Preliminary data indicated that the phagocytic ability of ESDM to engulf apoptotic cells increased as they matured, consistent with distinct roles for circulating monocytes and tissue macrophages with regard to this function. Considering the high yields and purities of ESDM described here, together with their non-malignant nature and genetic versatility these cells should provide a superior source of undifferentiated mononuclear phagocytes with which to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying tumour infiltration and microenvironmental conditioning by TAM. In conclusion, this work suggests that under conditions of pre-apoptotic stress, BL cells have the capacity to regulate their micro-environment upstream of their apoptosis programme to promote net tumour growth through paracrine signals that attract supportive macrophages and inhibit destructive neutrophils and through release of autocrine/juxtacrine tumour growth factors.

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Ren, Aaron G. "Immunosuppressants used in the conditioning regimens for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7957.

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Di, Federico Erica. "Complex mechanical conditioning of cell-seeded constructs can influence chondrocyte activity." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/7982.

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Articular cartilage represents a primary target for tissue engineering strategies as it does not functionally regenerate within the joint. Many tissue engineering approaches have focused on the in vitro generation of neo-cartilage using chondrocyte-seeded scaffolds. Several studies have reported the morphological appearance of native cartilage, although its functional competence has not been demonstrated. Accordingly, mechanical conditioning has often been introduced to enhance biosynthetic activity of chondrocytes within 3D constructs. However although this strategy has significantly up-regulated proteoglycan synthesis, its effects on the synthesis of the other major solid constituent, type II collagen, has been modest. Analyses of normal joint activities reveal that cartilage is subjected to shear superimposed on uniaxial compression. This complex mechanical state has motivated the design of a biaxial loading system intended for use in vitro to stimulated bovine chondrocytes seeded in agarose constructs. This necessitated the redesign of the construct from cylindrical morphology to accommodate shear loading. The experimental approach was complemented with the development of computational models, which permitted prediction of both cell distortion under biaxial loading regimens and nutrient diffusion within the 3D constructs. An initial study established the profile of proteoglycan and collagen synthesis in free swelling cultures up to day 12. The introduction of dynamic compression (15% strain, 1 Hz for 48 h) enhanced proteoglycan synthesis significantly. In addition, when dynamic shear (10%, 1 Hz) was superimposed on dynamic compression, total collagen synthesis was also up-regulated, within 3 days of culture, without compromising proteoglycan synthesis. Histological analysis revealed marked collagen deposition around individual chondrocytes. However, a significant proportion (50%) of collagen was released into the culture medium, suggesting that it was not fully processed. The overall biosynthetic activity was enhanced more when the biaxial stimulation was applied in a continuous mode as opposed to intermittent loading. The present work offers the potential for a more effective preconditioning of cell-seeded constructs with functional integrity intended for use to resolve defects in joint cartilage.

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Khlid, Ben Hamad. "Fuel cell power conditioning multiphase converter for 1400 VDC megawatts stacks." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3042.

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Thesis (PhD (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019
Energy systems based on fossil fuel have demonstrated their abilities to permit economic development. However, with the fast exhaustion of this energy source, the expansion of the world energy demand and concerns over global warming, new energy systems dependent on renewable and other sustainable energy are gaining more interests. It is a fact that future development in the energy sector is founded on the utilisation of renewable and sustainable energy sources. These energy sources can enable the world to meet the double targets of diminishing greenhouse gas emissions and ensuring reliable and cost-effective energy supply. Fuel cells are one of the advanced clean energy technologies to substitute power generation systems based on fossil fuel. They are viewed as reliable and efficient technologies to operate either tied or non-tied to the grid to power applications ranging from domestic, commercial to industrial. Multiple fuel cell stacks can be associated in series and parallel to obtain a fuel cell system with high power up to megawatts. The connection of megawatts fuel cell systems to a utility grid requires that the power condition unit serving as the interface between the fuel cell plant and the grid operates accordingly. Different power conditioning unit topologies can be adopted, this study considers a multilevel inverter. Multilevel inverters are getting more popularity and attractiveness as compared to conventional inverters in high voltage and high-power applications. These inverters are suitable for harmonic mitigation in high-power applications whereby switching devices are unable to function at high switching frequencies. For a given application, the choice of appropriate multilevel topology and its control scheme are not defined and depend on various engineering compromises, however, the most developed multilevel inverter topologies include the Diode Clamped, the Flying Capacitor and the Cascade Full Bridge inverters. On the other hand, a multilevel inverter can be either a three or a five, or a nine level, however, this research focuses on the three-level diode clamped inverters. The aim of this thesis is to model and control a three-level diode clamped inverter for the grid connection of a megawatt fuel cell stack. Besides the grid, the system consists of a 1.54 MW operating at 1400 V DC proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, a 1.26 MW three-level diode clamped inverter with a nominal voltage of 600 V and an LCL filter which is designed to reduce harmonics and meet the standards such as IEEE 519 and IEC 61000-3-6. The inverter control scheme comprises voltage and current regulators to provide a good power factor and satisfy synchronisation requirements with the grid. The frequency and phase are synchronised with those of the grid through a phase locked loop. The modelling and simulation are performed using Matlab/Simulink. The results show good performance of the developed system with a low total harmonic distortion of about 0.35% for the voltage and 0.19% for the current.

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Cochonneau, Stéphanie. "Modulating hematopoietic progenitor cell engraftment and T cell differentiation : role of conditioning and route of administration." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20226.

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Les déficits lymphocytaires T peuvent être corrigés par l'administration en intraveineuse (IV) de cellules souches hématopoiétiques (CSH) provenant d'un donneur. Dans un modèle d'immunodéficience lié à l'absence de la protéine kinase ZAP-70, notre équipe avait précédemment montré que l'injection intrathymique (IT) de CSH histocompatibles conduit à une reconstitution du compartiment T plus robuste et plus rapide que dans le cas où les CSH sont administrées par voie IV. Au cours de ma thèse, je me suis intéressée à l'approche IT dans un contexte non-histocompatible, où j'ai montré que l'injection de CSH semi-allogéniques directement dans le thymus permet le développement d'une thymopoièse à long-terme, même en absence de conditionnement. De plus, j'ai également montré la persistence de progéniteurs thymiques précoces (ETP) provenant du donneur dans le thymus des souris transplantées. De façon remarquable, ces ETP retiennent un potentiel de différenciation plus divers que ceux rencontrés dans le thymus d'une souris sauvage, et leur fréquence est significativement élévée après IT, ce dernier suggérant une disponibilité accrue des niches thymiques. De façon intéressante, j'ai également montré que les progéniteurs déficients en ZAP-70 pouvaient se différencier de façon importante vers le lignage CD8 lors d'une activation constante de la voie de signalisation Notch couplée à la présence d'interleukine 7 (IL-7). Après la greffe de CSH par voie IV de souris ZAP-70-/-, en absence de conditionnemt, j'ai également identifié l'accumulation d'une population de CSH présentant un phénotype particulier (Lin- Sca 1+ c-kit-), nommée LSAPT. Ces cellules LSAPT présentent un biais de différenciation vers le lignage T γδ ainsi qu'une production élevée d'IL-17, ce qui suggère que les fonctions effectrices d'une cellule T γδ sont dépendantes de leur origine progénitrices. L'ensemble de mes résultats apporte à la fois de nouveaux éléments concernant l'identification de progéniteurs T et démontrent de l'influence/coopération entre voies de signalisation et facteurs environnementaux dans la modulation de la différenciation T et de leur fonctions effectrices
T cell deficiencies can be corrected by the intravenous (IV) injection of donor hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Using a murine model of ZAP-70-/- deficiency, our group previously showed that the intrathymic (IT) administration of histocompatible HSCs leads to a more robust and long-term thymopoiesis as compared to that achieved by the classical IV route. During my PhD, I found that the direct IT administration of semiallogeneic HSCs results in a sustained donor-derived thymopoiesis, overcoming histocompatibility barriers, even in the absence of conditioning. Furthermore, I found that donor-derived early thymic progenitors (ETPs) persist in the thymi of ZAP-70-/- transplanted mice, and present increased multi-lineage potential as compared to wild-type ETPs. Importantly, the frequency of donor-derived ETPs was augmented following IT transplantation, indicative of an increased progenitor niche. Interestingly, ZAP-70-deficient HSC could themselves be driven to a CD8 lineage fate in an environment where IL-7 potentiates continuous activation of the Notch pathway. Following IV transplantation of donor HSC into non-conditioned ZAP-70-/- mice, I determined that there is an accumulation of lineage-/Sca1+ donor progenitors lacking expression of the stem cell marker c-kit, termed LSAPT. These LSAPT show a biased differentiation towards the γδ T cell lineage with high IL-17-producing effector function, suggesting that progenitor origin regulates γδ T cell fate. The ensemble of my experiments provide new insights into the identity of T lineage progenitors and demonstrate how signaling pathways as well as environmental factors modulate T cell differentiation and effector function

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Talay, Oezcan. "Efficient dendritic cell maturation and initiation of a strong T cell immune response requires B7-H1-mediated dendritic cell 'conditioning' during interaction with T cells." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-opus-89195.

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Guyette, Jacques Paul. "Conditioning of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Initiates Cardiogenic Differentiation and Increases Function in Infarcted Hearts." Digital WPI, 2012. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/32.

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Current treatment options are limited for patients with myocardial infarction or heart failure. Cellular cardiomyoplasty is a promising therapeutic strategy being investigated as a potential treatment, which aims to deliver exogenous cells to the infarcted heart, for the purpose of restoring healthy myocardial mass and mechanical cardiac function. While several cell types have been studied for this application, only bone marrow cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been shown to be safe and effective for improving cardiac function in clinical trials. In both human and animal studies, the delivery of hMSCs to infarcted myocardium decreased inflammatory response, promoted cardiomyocyte survival, and improved cardiac functional indices. While the benefits of using hMSCs as a cell therapy for cardiac repair are encouraging, the desired expectation of cardiomyoplasty is to increase cardiomyocyte content that will contribute to active cardiac mechanical function. Delivered cells may increase myocyte content by several different mechanisms such as differentiating to a cardiomyocyte lineage, secreting paracrine factors that increase native stem cell differentiation, or secreting factors that increase native myocyte proliferation. Considerable work suggests that hMSCs can differentiate towards a cardiomyocyte lineage based on measured milestones such as cardiac-specific marker expression, sarcomere formation, ion current propagation, and gap junction formation. However, current methods for cardiac differentiation of hMSCs have significant limitations. Current differentiation techniques are complicated and tedious, signaling pathways and mechanisms are largely unknown, and only a small percentage of hMSCs appear to exhibit cardiogenic traits. In this body of work, we developed a simple strategy to initiate cardiac differentiation of hMSCs in vitro. Incorporating environmental cues typically found in a myocardial infarct (e.g. decreased oxygen tension and increased concentrations of cell-signaling factors), our novel in vitro conditioning regimen combines reduced-O2 culture and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) treatment. Reduced-O2 culturing of hMSCs has shown to enhance differentiation, tissue formation, and the release of cardioprotective signaling factors. HGF is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in several biological processes including developmental cardiomyogenesis, through its interaction with the tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met. We hypothesize that applying a combined conditioning treatment of reduced-O2 and HGF to hMSCs in vitro will enhance cardiac-specific gene and protein expression. Additionally, the transplantation of conditioned hMSCs into an in vivo infarct model will result in differentiation of delivered hMSCs and improved cardiac mechanical function. In testing our hypothesis, we show that reduced-O2 culturing can enhance hMSC growth kinetics and total c-Met expression. Combining reduced-O2 culturing with HGF treatment, hMSCs can be conditioned to express cardiac-specific genes and proteins in vitro. Using small-molecule inhibitors to target specific effector proteins in a proposed HGF/c-Met signaling pathway, treated reduced-O2/HGF hMSCs show a decrease in cardiac gene expression. When implanted into rat infarcts in vivo, reduced-O2/HGF conditioned hMSCs increase regional cardiac mechanics within the infarct region at 1 week and 1 month. Further analysis from the in vivo study showed a significant increase in the retention of reduced-O2/HGF conditioned hMSCs. Immunohistochemistry showed that some of the reduced-O2/HGF conditioned hMSCs express cardiac-specific proteins in vivo. These results suggest that a combined regimen of reduced-O2 and HGF conditioning increases cardiac-specific marker expression in hMSCs in vitro. In addition, the implantation of reduced-O2/HGF conditioned hMSCs into an infarct significantly improves cardiac function, with contributing factors of improved cell retention and possible increases in myocyte content. Overall, we developed a simple in vitro conditioning regimen to improve cardiac differentiation capabilities in hMSCs, in order to enhance the outcomes of using hMSCs as a cell therapy for the diseased heart.

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Books on the topic "Cell conditioning"

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Pilatowsky, I., R. J. Romero, C. A. Isaza, S. A. Gamboa, P. J. Sebastian, and W. Rivera. Cogeneration Fuel Cell-Sorption Air Conditioning Systems. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-028-1.

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Figueroa, Isaac Pilatowsky. Cogeneration fuel cell-sorption air conditioning systems. London: Springer-Verlag, 2011.

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Figueroa, Isaac Pilatowsky. Cogeneration fuel cell-sorption air conditioning systems. London: Springer-Verlag, 2011.

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1960-, Bashey Asad, and Ball Edward D. 1950-, eds. Non-myeloablative allogeneic transplantation. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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Morozov, Vladimir I. Exercise and cellular mechanisms of muscle injury. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science, 2009.

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Pilatowsky, I., Rosenberg J. Romero, C. A. Isaza, S. A. Gamboa, P. J. Sebastian, and W. Rivera. Cogeneration Fuel Cell-Sorption Air Conditioning Systems. Springer, 2014.

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Romero, Rosenberg J., C. A. Isaza, S. A. Gamboa, P. J. Sebastian, and I. Pilatowsky. Cogeneration Fuel Cell-Sorption Air Conditioning Systems. Springer London, Limited, 2011.

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Enjeti, Prasad, Marja Harfman Todorovic, and Leonardo Palma. Power Conditioning Systems for Fuel Cell Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2009.

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Provan, Drew, Trevor Baglin, Inderjeet Dokal, Johannes de Vos, and Hassan Al-Sader. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199683307.003.0009.

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Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) - Indications for haemopoietic SCT - Allogeneic SCT - Autologous STC - Investigations for BMT/PBSCT - Pretransplant investigation of donors - Bone marrow harvesting - Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and harvesting - Microbiological screening for stem cell cryopreservation - Stem cell transplant conditioning regimens - Infusion of cryopreserved stem cells - Infusion of fresh non-cryopreserved stem cells - Blood product support for SCT - Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis - Acute GvHD - Chronic GvHD - Veno-occlusive disease (syn. sinusoidal obstruction syndrome) - Invasive fungal infections and antifungal therapy - CMV prophylaxis and treatment - Post-transplant vaccination programme and foreign travel - Longer term effect post-transplant - Treatment of relapse post-allogeneic SCT - Discharge and follow-up

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Chemically Blown Closed-Cell Rubber Sponge for Appliances, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cell conditioning"

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Mohty, Mohamad, and Monique C. Minnema. "Lymphodepleting Conditioning Regimens." In The EBMT/EHA CAR-T Cell Handbook, 131–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94353-0_25.

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AbstractLymphodepleting conditioning regimens are essential for the success of CAR-T cell treatment. Their importance in the proliferation and persistence of CAR-T cells has become clearer in the recent years. The suggested mechanisms are described in Table 25.1 and include the effects on immune cells and cytokines, creating an environment for optimal functioning and increasing the peak of expansion of the infused CAR-T cells (Neelapu 2019).

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Shimoni, Avichai, Vera Radici, and Arnon Nagler. "Conditioning." In The EBMT Handbook, 125–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44080-9_13.

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AbstractHematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a potentially curative therapeutic procedure in a broad range of malignant and nonmalignant hematological disorders. Conditioning is the preparative regimen that is administered to patients undergoing HCT before the infusion of stem cell (SC) grafts. The selection of an optimal conditioning regimen is critical for transplantation success.

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Zulu, Sara, and Michelle Kenyon. "Principles of Conditioning Therapy and Cell Infusion." In The European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Textbook for Nurses, 91–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23394-4_6.

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AbstractPrior to haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), conditioning therapy is used for disease eradication, creation of space for engraftment and immunosuppression. Conditioning therapy includes combinations of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or immunotherapy and can be administered in the immediate days leading up to, and sometimes the days immediately following, the cell infusion. Total body irradiation (TBI) is generally used as part of conditioning regimens preceding allogeneic HSCT and is able to target sanctuary sites where some drugs cannot reach. Cancer immunotherapy treatment harnesses the body’s natural defences to fight the cancer, by involving components of the immune system. Conditioning therapy can have acute and chronic side effects which vary depending on the intensity of the treatement. Nursing implications include patient education and information, toxicity assessments, close monitoring and protocolised, evidence-based action plans. Stem cell infusion is usually a safe procedure but can cause adverse reactions ranging from flushing and nausea to life-threatening anaphylaxis. There should be written policies for the administration of cellular therapy products, and nurses must have comleted training and achieved competency in order to safely administer haematopoietic stem cells.

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Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar. "Classification of Conditioning Regimens." In Basics of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant, 183–202. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5802-1_16.

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Smith, Sonali M., and Ginna G. Laport. "Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Allogeneic Reduced Intensity Conditioning." In Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, 109–25. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-478-0_8.

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Shimahara, T., G. Czternasty, J. Stinnakre, and J. Bruner. "Calcium Action Potential Induction in a “Nonexcitable” Motor Neuron Cell Body." In Neural Mechanisms of Conditioning, 283–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2115-6_18.

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Pilatowsky, I., R. J. Romero, C. A. Isaza, S. A. Gamboa, P. J. Sebastian, and W. Rivera. "Cogeneration Fuel Cells – Air Conditioning Systems." In Cogeneration Fuel Cell-Sorption Air Conditioning Systems, 103–20. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-028-1_6.

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Yüksel, Meltem Kurt, and Taner Demirer. "Toxicity of Conditioning Regimens in Haploidentical SCT." In Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 43–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65319-8_4.

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Zulu, Sara, and Michelle Kenyon. "Principles of Conditioning Therapy and Cell Infusion." In The European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Textbook for Nurses, 89–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50026-3_6.

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Coffey, Chelsea E., Zachary R. Mussett, and Vassilios I. Sikavitsas. "Conditioning Cells In Vitro to Facilitate Tendons and Ligament Regeneration." In Biomaterials for Cell Delivery, 263–80. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018. | Series: Gene and cell therapy series: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315151755-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cell conditioning"

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Castro Vallenas, J. D., E. Paiva-Peredo, and C. A. Sotomayor Beltrán. "Prototype Peltier Cell Air Conditioning Using Photovoltaic Energy." In 2023 IEEE XXX International Conference on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computing (INTERCON). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intercon59652.2023.10326092.

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Polenov, Dieter, Heiko Mehlich, and Josef Lutz. "Requirements for MOSFETs in Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Applications." In 2006 12th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epepemc.2006.283149.

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Polenov, Dieter, Heiko Mehlich, and Josef Lutz. "Requirements for MOSFETs in Fuel Cell Power Conditioning Applications." In 2006 12th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epepemc.2006.4778695.

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Takano, Atsushi, Masato Tanaka, and Nobuyuki Futai. "Microfluidic cell culture system with on-chip hypoxic conditioning." In 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6610540.

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Lawrence, C. P., M. M. A. Salama, and R. A. El Shatshat. "Optimization of a Fuel-Cell EV Air-Conditioning System." In 2007 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccece.2007.373.

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Du, Yilin, Jan Muehlbauer, Jiazhen Ling, Vikrant Aute, Yunho Hwang, and Reinhard Radermacher. "Rechargeable Personal Air Conditioning Device." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59253.

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A rechargeable personal air-conditioning (RPAC) device was developed to provide an improved thermal comfort level for individuals in inadequately cooled environments. This device is a battery powered air-conditioning system with the phase change material (PCM) for heat storage. The condenser heat is stored in the PCM during the cooling operation and is discharged while the battery is charged by using the vapor compression cycle as a thermosiphon loop. The conditioned air is discharged towards a single person through adjustable nozzle. The main focus of the current research was on the development of the cooling system. A 100 W cooling capacity prototype was designed, built, and tested. The cooling capacity of the vapor compression cycle measured was 165.6 W. The PCM was recharged in nearly 8 hours under thermosiphon mode. When this device is used in the controlled built environment, the thermostat setting can be increased so that building air conditioning energy can be saved by about 5–10%.

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Vinnikov, Dmitri, Indrek Roasto, Tanel Jalakas, Tonu Lehtla, and Juhan Laugis. "New fuel cell power conditioning system for supplying dedicated loads." In 9th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2010.5489939.

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Seok, Hwasoo, Byeongcheol Han, Soo-Hong Kim, Jae-Geun Lee, and Minsung Kim. "Rippleless resonant boost converter for fuel-cell power conditioning systems." In 2018 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.2018.8341081.

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Jalakas, T., I. Roasto, D. Vinnikov, and H. Agabus. "Novel power conditioning system for residential fuel cell power plants." In 2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pedg.2012.6254060.

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Lee, J., B. Han, and H. Cha. "Grid-tied power conditioning system for fuel cell power generation." In Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2010.5589928.

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Reports on the topic "Cell conditioning"

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Sudip K. Mazumder, Chuck McKintyre, Dan Herbison, Doug Nelson, Comas Haynes, Michael von Spakovsky, Joseph Hartvigsen, and S. Elangovan. AN INVESTIGATION TO RESOLVE THE INTERACTION BETWEEN FUEL CELL, POWER CONDITIONING SYSTEM AND APPLICATION LOADS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895119.

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Sudip K. Mazumder. An Investigation to Resolve the Interaction Between Fuel Cell, Power Conditioning System and Application Loads. US: University Of Illinois, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/899235.

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Yahav, Shlomo, John McMurtry, and Isaac Plavnik. Thermotolerance Acquisition in Broiler Chickens by Temperature Conditioning Early in Life. United States Department of Agriculture, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7580676.bard.

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The research on thermotolerance acquisition in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life was focused on the following objectives: a. To determine the optimal timing and temperature for inducing the thermotolerance, conditioning processes and to define its duration during the first week of life in the broiler chick. b. To investigate the response of skeletal muscle tissue and the gastrointestinal tract to thermal conditioning. This objective was added during the research, to understand the mechanisms related to compensatory growth. c. To evaluate the effect of early thermo conditioning on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during 3 phases: (1) conditioning, (2) compensatory growth, (3) heat challenge. d. To investigate how induction of improved thermotolerance impacts on metabolic fuel and the hormones regulating growth and metabolism. Recent decades have seen significant development in the genetic selection of the meat-type fowl (i.e., broiler chickens); leading to rapid growth and increased feed efficiency, providing the poultry industry with heavy chickens in relatively short growth periods. Such development necessitates parallel increases in the size of visceral systems such as the cardiovascular and the respiratory ones. However, inferior development of such major systems has led to a relatively low capability to balance energy expenditure under extreme conditions. Thus, acute exposure of chickens to extreme conditions (i.e., heat spells) has resulted in major economic losses. Birds are homeotherms, and as such, they are able to maintain their body temperature within a narrow range. To sustain thermal tolerance and avoid the deleterious consequences of thermal stresses, a direct response is elicited: the rapid thermal shock response - thermal conditioning. This technique of temperature conditioning takes advantage of the immaturity of the temperature regulation mechanism in young chicks during their first week of life. Development of this mechanism involves sympathetic neural activity, integration of thermal infom1ation in the hypothalamus, and buildup of the body-to-brain temperature difference, so that the potential for thermotolerance can be incorporated into the developing thermoregulation mechanisms. Thermal conditioning is a unique management tool, which most likely involves hypothalamic them1oregulatory threshold changes that enable chickens, within certain limits, to cope with acute exposure to unexpected hot spells. Short-tem1 exposure to heat stress during the first week of life (37.5+1°C; 70-80% rh; for 24 h at 3 days of age) resulted in growth retardation followed immediately by compensatory growth" which resulted in complete compensation for the loss of weight gain, so that the conditioned chickens achieved higher body weight than that of the controls at 42 days of age. The compensatory growth was partially explained by its dramatic positive effect on the proliferation of muscle satellite cells which are necessary for further muscle hypertrophy. By its significant effect of the morphology and functioning of the gastrointestinal tract during and after using thermal conditioning. The significant effect of thermal conditioning on the chicken thermoregulation was found to be associated with a reduction in heat production and evaporative heat loss, and with an increase in sensible heat loss. It was further accompanied by changes in hormones regulating growth and metabolism These physiological responses may result from possible alterations in PO/AH gene expression patterns (14-3-3e), suggesting a more efficient mechanism to cope with heat stress. Understanding the physiological mechanisms behind thermal conditioning step us forward to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the PO/AH response, and response of other major organs. The thermal conditioning technique is used now in many countries including Israel, South Korea, Australia, France" Ecuador, China and some places in the USA. The improvement in growth perfom1ance (50-190 g/chicken) and thermotolerance as a result of postnatal thermal conditioning, may initiate a dramatic improvement in the economy of broiler's production.

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Lee, You-Kee, Jung-Yeul Kim, Young-Ki Lee, Insoo Kim, Hee-Soo Moon, Jong-Wan Park, Craig P. Jacobson, and Steven J. Visco. Conditioning effects on La1-xSrxMnO3-Yttria stabilized Zirconia electrodes for thin-film solid oxide fuel cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810538.

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Porat, Ron, Gregory T. McCollum, Amnon Lers, and Charles L. Guy. Identification and characterization of genes involved in the acquisition of chilling tolerance in citrus fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7587727.bard.

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Citrus, like many other tropical and subtropical fruit are sensitive to chilling temperatures. However, application of a pre-storage temperature conditioning (CD) treatment at 16°C for 7 d or of a hot water brushing (HWB) treatment at 60°C for 20 sec remarkably enhances chilling tolerance and reduces the development of chilling injuries (CI) upon storage at 5°C. In the current research, we proposed to identify and characterize grapefruit genes that are induced by CD, and may contribute to the acquisition of fruit chilling tolerance, by two different molecular approaches: cDNA array analysis and PCR cDNA subtraction. In addition, following the recent development and commercialization of the new Affymetrix Citrus Genome Array, we further performed genome-wide transcript profiling analysis following exposure to CD and chilling treatments. To conduct the cDNA array analysis, we constructed cDNA libraries from the peel tissue of CD- and HWB-treated grapefruit, and performed an EST sequencing project including sequencing of 3,456 cDNAs from each library. Based on the obtained sequence information, we chose 70 stress-responsive and chilling-related genes and spotted them on nylon membranes. Following hybridization the constructed cDNA arrays with RNA probes from control and CD-treated fruit and detailed confirmations by RT-PCR analysis, we found that six genes: lipid-transfer protein, metallothionein-like protein, catalase, GTP-binding protein, Lea5, and stress-responsive zinc finger protein, showed higher transcript levels in flavedo of conditioned than in non-conditioned fruit stored at 5 ᵒC. The transcript levels of another four genes: galactinol synthase, ACC oxidase, temperature-induced lipocalin, and chilling-inducible oxygenase, increased only in control untreated fruit but not in chilling-tolerant CD-treated fruit. By PCR cDNA subtraction analysis we identified 17 new chilling-responsive and HWB- and CD-induced genes. Overall, characterization of the expression patterns of these genes as well as of 11 more stress-related genes by RNA gel blot hybridizations revealed that the HWB treatment activated mainly the expression of stress-related genes(HSP19-I, HSP19-II, dehydrin, universal stress protein, EIN2, 1,3;4-β-D-glucanase, and SOD), whereas the CD treatment activated mainly the expression of lipid modification enzymes, including fatty acid disaturase2 (FAD2) and lipid transfer protein (LTP). Genome wide transcriptional profiling analysis using the newly developed Affymetrix Citrus GeneChip® microarray (including 30,171 citrus probe sets) revealed the identification of three different chilling-related regulons: 1,345 probe sets were significantly affected by chilling in both control and CD-treated fruits (chilling-response regulon), 509 probe sets were unique to the CD-treated fruits (chilling tolerance regulon), and 417 probe sets were unique to the chilling-sensitive control fruits (chilling stress regulon). Overall, exposure to chilling led to expression governed arrest of general cellular metabolic activity, including concretive down-regulation of cell wall, pathogen defense, photosynthesis, respiration, and protein, nucleic acid and secondary metabolism. On the other hand, chilling enhanced various adaptation processes, such as changes in the expression levels of transcripts related to membranes, lipid, sterol and carbohydrate metabolism, stress stimuli, hormone biosynthesis, and modifications in DNA binding and transcription factors.

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Meiri, Noam, Michael D. Denbow, and Cynthia J. Denbow. Epigenetic Adaptation: The Regulatory Mechanisms of Hypothalamic Plasticity that Determine Stress-Response Set Point. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593396.bard.

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Our hypothesis was that postnatal stress exposure or sensory input alters brain activity, which induces acetylation and/or methylation on lysine residues of histone 3 and alters methylation levels in the promoter regions of stress-related genes, ultimately resulting in long-lasting changes in the stress-response set point. Therefore, the objectives of the proposal were: 1. To identify the levels of total histone 3 acetylation and different levels of methylation on lysine 9 and/or 14 during both heat and feed stress and challenge. 2. To evaluate the methylation and acetylation levels of histone 3 lysine 9 and/or 14 at the Bdnfpromoter during both heat and feed stress and challenge. 3. To evaluate the levels of the relevant methyltransferases and transmethylases during infliction of stress. 4. To identify the specific localization of the cells which respond to both specific histone modification and the enzyme involved by applying each of the stressors in the hypothalamus. 5. To evaluate the physiological effects of antisense knockdown of Ezh2 on the stress responses. 6. To measure the level of CpG methylation in the promoter region of BDNF in thermal treatments and free-fed, 12-hour fasted, and re-fed chicks during post-natal day 3, which is the critical period for feed-control establishment, and 10 days later to evaluate longterm effects. 7. The phenotypic effect of antisense “knock down” of the transmethylaseDNMT 3a. Background: The growing demand for improvements in poultry production requires an understanding of the mechanisms governing stress responses. Two of the major stressors affecting animal welfare and hence, the poultry industry in both the U.S. and Israel, are feed intake and thermal responses. Recently, it has been shown that the regulation of energy intake and expenditure, including feed intake and thermal regulation, resides in the hypothalamus and develops during a critical post-hatch period. However, little is known about the regulatory steps involved. The hypothesis to be tested in this proposal is that epigenetic changes in the hypothalamus during post-hatch early development determine the stress-response set point for both feed and thermal stressors. The ambitious goals that were set for this proposal were met. It was established that both stressors i.e. feed and thermal stress, can be manipulated during the critical period of development at day 3 to induce resilience to stress later in life. Specifically it was established that unfavorable nutritional conditions during early developmental periods or heat exposure influences subsequent adaptability to those same stressful conditions. Furthermore it was demonstrated that epigenetic marks on the promoter of genes involved in stress memory are altered both during stress, and as a result, later in life. Specifically it was demonstrated that fasting and heat had an effect on methylation and acetylation of histone 3 at various lysine residues in the hypothalamus during exposure to stress on day 3 and during stress challenge on day 10. Furthermore, the enzymes that perform these modifications are altered both during stress conditioning and challenge. Finally, these modifications are both necessary and sufficient, since antisense "knockdown" of these enzymes affects histone modifications, and as a consequence stress resilience. DNA methylation was also demonstrated at the promoters of genes involved in heat stress regulation and long-term resilience. It should be noted that the only goal that we did not meet because of technical reasons was No. 7. In conclusion: The outcome of this research may provide information for the improvement of stress responses in high yield poultry breeds using epigenetic adaptation approaches during critical periods in the course of early development in order to improve animal welfare even under suboptimum environmental conditions.

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