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1
Venkatagiri, Chellappan Mirunalini. "Fuel cell based battery-less ups system." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86026.
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With the increased usage of electrical equipment for various applications, the
demand for quality power apart from continuous power availability has increased and
hence requires the development of appropriate power conditioning system. A major
factor during development of these systems is the requirement that they remain
environment-friendly. This cannot be realized using the conventional systems as they
use batteries and/or engine generators. Among various viable technologies, fuel cells
have emerged as one of the most promising sources for both portable and stationary
applications.
In this thesis, a new battery less UPS system configuration powered by fuel cell is
discussed. The proposed topology utilizes a standard offline UPS module and the battery
is replaced by a supercapacitor. The system operation is such that the supercapacitor
bank is sized to support startup and load transients and steady state power is supplied by
the fuel cell. Further, the fuel cell runs continuously to supply 10% power in steady
state. In case of power outage, it is shown that the startup time for fuel cell is reduced
and the supercapacitor bank supplies power till the fuel cell ramps up from supplying 10% load to 100% load. A detailed design example is presented for a 200W/350VA 1-
phase UPS system to meet the requirements of a critical load. The equivalent circuit and
hence the terminal behavior of the fuel cell and the supercapacitor are considered in the
analysis and design of the system for a stable operation over a wide range. The steady
state and transient state analysis were used for stability verification.
Hence, from the tests such as step load changes and response time measurements, the
non-linear model of supercapacitor was verified. Temperature rise and fuel consumption
data were measured and the advantages of having a hybrid source (supercapacitor in
parallel with fuel cell) over just a standalone fuel cell source were shown. Finally, the
transfer times for the proposed UPS system and the battery based UPS system were
measured and were found to be satisfactory. Overall, the proposed system was found to
satisfy the required performance specifications.
2
Chen, Michael C. W. "Hydrogel-based microfluidic system for cell culture." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7209.
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Traditionally, cell culture has been done in culture flasks or well plates where the volumes and length scales involved in the culture environment are many orders of magnitude larger than the size scale of individual cells. To better tailor medical care to an individual patient, it may be necessary to carry out genetic, physiological, and biochemical analyses on very small cell samples and to have an in vitro cell culture environment that more closely approximates the in vivo conditions.
A microfluidic device that integrates both cell handling and long-term 3-D cell culture techniques is presented. The designed microdevice traps cells with alginate, an ionically cross-linking hydrogel, which mimics the extra cellular matrix within our body. To encapsulate the cells, a solution of calcium ions is introduced in parallel with the alginate precursor cell suspension. Alginate hydrogel forms at the interface and as the region of gel grows it traps cells inside. This is a reversible process; the gel matrix can be dissolved and the cells can be released by the addition of ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a calcium chelator.
To show that the microfluidic device is reliable for long term mammalian cell culture, hepatocytes and breast tumor cells were cultured within the alginate gel layer inside the microfluidic device for more than two weeks. Hepatocytes were able to form three-dimensional aggregates within the microfluidic hydrogel environment. We further demonstrate the possibility of performing anticancer agent screening within this device. Breast tumor cells seeded in the microchannel were treated with doxorubicin, a common chemotherapy drug. Compared to controls, the doxorubicin inhibited cell proliferation.
In future, this system will have applications in cell-based testing and in studies involving small cell populations, such as cancer cells obtained from needle biopsies of tumors.
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Zhang, Wenjing. "Implementation of micro-cell mobile MPLS based test networks." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27205.
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The increasing presence of ubiquitous mobile computing devices requiring uninterrupted Internet access has prompted a higher need to support efficient and seamless roaming. The introduction of micro mobility is an approach towards a more flexible, customizable and scalable mobility architecture that also reduces signaling load and handover latency. Micro-cell Mobile MPLS (MM-MPLS) is such a protocol. It extends MPLS, a successful routing/forwarding technology of the core of the Internet, to the micro-mobility environment. MM-MPLS reduces the delay and delay jitter of a roaming mobile host.
This thesis describes the implementation of experimental MM-MPLS based network. The developed testbed is composed of seven desktop-PC running on the Linux operation system.
Performance comparisons of MM-MPLS and the hierarchical mobile IP have confirmed the proper operation of the testbed and the superiority of the protocol.
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Nip, Lisa. "A nucleic acid-based bacterial message export system for cell-to-cell communication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/110882.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 36-38).
Communication within natural systems of eukaryotes and prokaryotes typically entails message transmission between and among cells via small-molecule messengers being funneled from the sender to the receiver cell. Nucleic acids are rarely used as extracellular messengers due to their labile nature and proclivity for enzymatic digestion. Eliminating these obstacles will allow for a larger array of messages to be sent with minimal cellular machinery. Exploiting the bacterial twin-arginine translocation (TAT) pathway and a nucleic-acid binding protein sourced from bacteriophage MS2, we have engineered a message-sending system in Escherichia coli capable of specifically exporting a "pre-written" circularized RNA message to the extracellular environment. This RNA message maintains its integrity over the course of at least four hours in extracellular growth medium, and this system serves as the first demonstration of versatile, stable messaging with nucleic acids, specifically with RNA, in the extracellular environment.
by Lisa Nip.
S.M.
5
González, García Jaime. "Proposal For a Vision-Based Cell Morphology Analysis System." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15872.
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One of the fields where image processing finds its application but that remains as anunexplored territory is the analysis of cell morphology. This master thesis proposes a systemto carry out this research and sets the necessary technical basis to make it feasible, rangingfrom the processing of time-lapse sequences using image segmentation to the representation,description and classification of cells in terms of morphology.
Due to the highly variability of cell morphological characteristics several segmentationmethods have been implemented to face each of the problems encountered: Edge-detection,region-growing and marked watershed were found to be successful processing algorithms.This variability inherent to cells and the fact that human eye has a natural disposition to solvesegmentation problems finally lead to the development of a user-friendly interactiveapplication, the Time Lapse Sequence Processor (TLSP). Although it was initially consideredas a mere interface to perform cell segmentation, TLSP concept has evolved into theconstruction of a complete multifunction tool to perform cell morphology analysis:segmentation, morphological data extraction, analysis and management, cell tracking andrecognition system, etc. In its last version, TLSP v0.2 Alpha contains several segmentationtools, improved user interface and, data extraction and management capabilities.
Finally, a wide set of recommendations and improvements have been discussed, pointing the path for future development in this area.
6
Nagarajan, Vivek Krishna. "Fluorescence Assisted Portable Cell Counting System." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1376577419.
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Thorstensen, Anne Elisabeth. "Analysis of an Intermediate Band Solar Cell System : Based on Systems Engineering Principles." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for materialteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-24227.
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The intermediate band solar cell (IBSC) is a so-called third generation solar cell, based on a new type of semiconductor materials; the intermediate band (IB) materials. In IB materials there is an additional intermediate energy band in the band gap of the semiconductor. Solar cells using such materials have an efficiency limit of 63 % in comparison to 41 % for solar cells made of conventional semiconductors. IBSCs have been attempted realized since 2001, based on toxic or non-abundant materials only. For sustainable development of IBSCs, it is important to identify materials and production routes that result in minimized environmental impacts.Two possible host materials for IBSCs were identified during a previous specialization project, and these were used as case materials to explore the challenges related to realization of sustainable IBSCs. This thesis describes the analysis of an IBSC system based on a ZnO/IB-Cu2O/Cu2O cell. The main objective was to analyze and optimize this intermediate band solar cell to determine if ZnO and Cu2O are promising IBSC materials. To get an overview of the functions and relationships of a complete IBSC system, a method combining the detailed materials technology field and holistic systems engineering process was utilized. This unusual combination and the fact that IBSCs are a relatively new and unexplored concept, resulted in a customized approach. Sustainable solutions for large-scale production of an IBSC system with focus on the cell structure and materials were found. Two cell cases were developed; an “advanced” cell with high quality materials and production, and one “simple” cell with a more conventional production route and less complex materials. The location of the desired IBSC system installation was set to a rooftop in Oslo, and a conventional photovoltaic (PV) system being planned there was used as an example. Desired and location-based performance parameters for an IBSC system located in Oslo were identified.A new approach that can solve combined materials technology and systems engineering assignments was developed. By utilizing this approach, challenges for ZnO and Cu2O as IBSC host materials were identified. These material challenges proved to be comprehensive, but might be overcome by customized growth of Cu2O single crystals to reduce resistivity, and tailoring the buffer layer and surface treatment at the ZnO/IB-Cu2O junction to reduce unwanted interface defects.
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Torcal, Serrano Ruth M. "Optimisation of the dielectrophoretic well system for cell-based assays." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606823.
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Dielectrophoresis (DEP), the induced motion of cells in an inhomogeneous electric field, can be measured by studying the motion of the cells at different frequencies. This work uses a light absorption method to determine the DEP force and extract the dielectric properties of cell populations. Previously, light intensity changes in a 3D well electrode have been measured with a microscope and a single channel signal generator. This work sets out to enable real ~time measurement of cell populations by implementing a digital camera, lens and light source alongside a 20 channel signal generator in one machine, the DEP well instrument, to measure light intensity changes for 20 wells simultaneously. Optimisation of the optics is carried out through the evaluation of different cameras, lenses and light sources and measuring the light intensity changes of yeast populations in 4 wells that are energized with the same frequency, in order to ensure that the system is able to give consistent results. Finally, the application of the DEP well instrument for detection of drug cytotoxicity and rapid detection of apoptosis, both important in the development of new chemotherapeutic drugs, was studied. Both apoptosis and cytotoxicity of drugs can be characterized by changes in the membrane and cytoplasm properties of cells resulting in various distinct sub-populations within a sample. Rapid detection of apoptosis was examined by inducing HeLa cells with the well known chemotherapeutic agent staurosporine and comparing the results obtained with DEP and those obtained with the gold standard method of measuring apoptosis, Annexin V assay with flow cytometry. The ability of the DEP well instrument to test drug cytotoxicity on suspension and adherent cells was studied by inducing cells with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin and measuring cell viability with DEP after different incubation times. The results were compared with the calorimetric assay 3-(4,S-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,S-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) and trypan blue experimental results, as well as with previously published values
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Yacob, Filmon. "Model-Based Virtual Commissioning of a Manufacturing Cell Control System." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129545.
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One of the preferred options of manufacturing organizations to survive in today’s market is to automate, increase flexibility and configurability of manufacturing lines. Control systems and Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) programming are quintessentially important part of an automation system. However, PLC programming and debugging takes time and is error prone; consequently, there has being a growing need for quick development of PLC programs and inexpensive code verification and validation methods. To meet the needs, this thesis paper presents a method of virtual development of control system for a fully automated manufacturing cell. The cell has two robots and five other machines, which each machine operating modes are modeled in MATLAB environment and PLC code is generated from the developed models. The model and their associated PLC code are verified and validated in virtual environments. Step-by-step development, verification and validation approaches are presented and argued. Results show that few hours of modeling efforts can generate thousands of lines of code; hence this method is expected to significantly reduce time, development efforts and costs associated with verification and validation of PLC code. Keywords: PLC Code Generation, Simulink/Stateflow Model, Verification and Validation, Manufacturing Cell.Ett alternativ som föredras för tillverkning organisationer att överleva i dagens marknad är att automatisera, öka flexibiliteten och konFigurering av tillverkningslinjer. Kontrollsystem och Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) programmering är en grundlägande viktig del av ett automatiseringssystem. Dock tar PLC-programmering och debugging tid och är felbenäget, och därför har det funnits ett växande behov av snabb utveckling av PLC-program, billiga kodverifiering och valideringsmetoder. För att möta behoven, presenterar denna avhandling papper en metod för virtuell utveckling av styrsystem för en helt automatiserad tillverkning cell. Cellen har två robotar och fem andra maskiner, som varje maskin driftlägen modelleras i MATLAB miljö och PLC-kod genereras från de utvecklade modellerna. Modellen och tillhörande PLC-kod verifieras och valideras i virtuella miljöer. Steg-för-steg utveckling, verifiering och validering metoder presenteras och argumenteras. Resultaten visar att några timmars modelleringsinsatser kan generera tusentals rader kod, och därmed förväntas av denna metod att minska tiden, utvecklingsinsatser och kostnader förknippade med verifiering och validering av PLC-kod. Nyckelord: PLC Code Generation, Simulink/ Stateflow Modell, Verifiering och validering, tillverkning Cell
10
Salomonsson, David, and Erik Eng. "A Component-based Model of a Fuel Cell Vehicle System." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176698.
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Improving the efficiency and performance of vehicle propulsion systems has always been desirable, and with increasing environmental awareness this has become increasingly topical. A particularly strong focus today is at fossil-free alternatives, and there is a strong trend for electrification. Hybrid powertrains of different types can bring benefits in certain aspects, and there is a lot of research and development involved in the making of a new powertrain. In this thesis, a complete powertrain for a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle is modeled, with the intention of contributing to this trend. The model can be used to investigate design choices and their impact on energy consumption. A component-based library is developed, with the purpose of being easy to implement for different configurations. The results show that it is possible to assemble and simulate a complete hybrid drivetrain, using the modeled components, while not being very computationally heavy. The developed models correspond well with reality while being modular and easy to implement.
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Trujillo, Caballero Juan Carlos. "Power conditioner based fuel cell and backup power system with supercapacitor." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96179.
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PEMFCs are the most popular type of Fuel Cells (FCs) and traditionally use hydrogen as the fuel. One FC problem is its relative slow dynamics caused by the time constant of the hydrogen and oxygen supply systems that can be in the range of several seconds. In this sense, supercapacitors (SCs) respond faster than FC to a fast increase or decrease in power demand. Thus, using SCs together with FCs improves FC life and performance by absorbing faster load changes and preventing fuel starvation of the FC. Therefore, it becomes necessary to study structures of power conditioners with their respective control systems that can mitigate the disadvantages mentioned of the FC itself. Several researches have studied the different topologies with their respective control proposals to operate FC and SC. This thesis proposes a digital control scheme to operate a PEMFC module of 1.2 kW and a SC through a DC/DC hybrid converter. A FC has been proposed as a primary source of energy and a SC has been proposed as an auxiliary source of energy. An experimental validation of the system implemented in the laboratory is provided. Several tests have been performed to verify that the system achieves an excellent output voltage (V0) regulation and SC Voltage (VSC) control, under disturbances from FC power (PFC) and output power (P0) as well as other perturbations described in analysis results.
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Sinclair, Sarina Sarah Kay. "The development of a mesenchymal stem cell based bone graft system." Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1263396633/.
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SACCO, ADRIANO. "Novel Dye-sensitized Solar Cell architecture based on microfluidic housing system." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2506378.
Full textAbstract:
The present work is focused on the design, fabrication and characterization of a novel dye-sensitized
solar cell architecture exploiting some microfluidic concepts. By using this innovative
approach, it became possible to fabricate small laboratory test-cells with a high degree of assembly
reproducibility, and develop some interesting applications, like the analysis of the cell components
over time, without compromising the cell integrity. The proposed architecture has been used in the
experimental test of some innovative materials. The study is of experimental nature and supported
by different photoelectrochemical analytical techniques, in order to study the cell behavior.
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Samavati, Mahrokh. "Polygeneration system based on low temperature solid oxide fuel cell/micro gas turbine hybrid system." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98083.
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Polygeneration systems attract attention recently because of their high efficiency and low emission compare to the conventional power generation technology. Three different polygeneration systems based on low temperature solid oxide fuel cell, atmospheric solid oxide fuel cell/ micro gas turbine, and pressurized solid oxide fuel cell/ micro gas turbine are mathematically modeled in this study using MATLAB (version 7.12.0.635). These systems are designed to provide space heating, cooling and hot domestic water simultaneously. This report provides the design aspects of such systems. Furthermore, the effects of some important operating properties on the polygeneration systems performance are investigated.
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Pu, Bing 1966. "A cell-to-cell mapping based analysis and design of fuzzy dynamic systems and its applications." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282096.
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Systematic design and analysis of fuzzy dynamic systems has been a problem which attracted much attention from researchers in recent years. In this dissertation, we propose a methodology for analysis and design of fuzzy dynamic systems. First, we introduce a new way to treat fuzzy sets: fuzzy sets as points in fuzzy state space. We investigate the relationship between membership functions and their corresponding fuzzy set points in fuzzy state space. We then examine the formulation and stability issues of fuzzy dynamic systems based on the geometric structure of fuzzy state space, resulting in the generalization and extension of classical stability definitions to fuzzy dynamic systems. We also introduce cellular structure to fuzzy state space, allowing a discrete cell-to-cell mapping method to be developed to approximate a fuzzy dynamic system model. This method leads to an efficient global behavior analysis algorithm based on a simple cell-to-cell mapping search. Finally, we outline the cellmapping-based search algorithm for fuzzy optimal control design and demonstrate its validity and advantages by applying it to time-optimal trajectory generation for coordinated manipulator systems with uncertain parameters.
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Gunes, Mehmet Burak. "Investigation of a Fuel Cell Based Total Energy System for Residential Applications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32130.
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Residences require electricity for lights, appliances, and space cooling and thermal energy for space and domestic water heating. Total energy systems (TES) which provide both electricity and thermal energy can meet these needs more effectively than conventional systems because thermal energy rejected during the on-site production of electricity can be recovered to meet the heating loads. TESs based on fuel cell systems are particularly attractive because of their high efficiencies, quiet operation, and small size. This research evaluates a TES consisting of a fuel cell sub-system (FCS), an electric heat pump (HP), and a thermal storage tank (TS).
A model of a grid-independent, electric load following TES is developed to determine the energy required to meet the hourly average electric and thermal loads of the residence. The TES uses a heat pump to provide space cooling. Electricity for air conditioning, lights, and appliances is provided by the FCS. Space heating and water heating of the residence are provided by the thermal energy available from the FCS. The TES is designed so that, heating requirements that exceed the heat available from the FCS can be satisfied by the HP and an electric water heater. A thermal storage tank is used to store and transfer thermal energy from the FCS to the residence.
The results of the research include a comparison of the energy use by the TES to the energy use by conventional residential energy systems; an evaluation of the effects of climatic conditions on system performance and energy use; and a comparison of the life-cycle cost of the TES and conventional residential energy systems. The results indicate that total energy systems can reduce primary energy use by as much as 40 percent, but that to be economically attractive, the FCS cost must be reduced to approximately $500/kWe.
Master of Science
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Wondoloski, Karen M. "A knowledge-based cell controller and its integration in a manufacturing system." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23341.
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Anwar, Apandi Nur Ilyana. "Cloud Based Small Cell Networks: System Model, Performance Analysis and Resource Allocation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17685.
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In cloud-based small cell networks (C-SCNs), radio resource allocation at the base station (BS) is moved to a cloud data centre for centralised optimisation. In the centre, multiple processors referred to as the cloud computational unit (CCU), is used for the optimisation. As the cell size and networks become respectively smaller and denser, the number of BSs to be optimised grows exponentially, resulting in high computational complexity and latency at CCUs. This thesis propose belief propagation (BP) based power allocation schemes for C-SCNs that can be used for any network optimisation objectives such as energy efficiency at the centre and BSs; and spectral efficiency (SE). The computation for the schemes is done in parallel, leading to very low latency and computational complexity with increasing number of BSs. The transmission-latency depends on the number of bits used to quantise the received signal from terminals at the remote radio head (RRH). The computational-latency depend on the speed of resource allocation procedure at the CCU. BP based joint SE and latency optimisation scheme that compute the optimum terminal’s uplink power and number of quantisation bits for each RRHs. The results indicate a significant reduction in transmission and computational-latencies compared to other schemes. This thesis further investigates a user association (UA) to the BS and subcarrier allocation (SCA) where a BS allocates different number of SC to different users associated to it. In jointly optimising the UA and SCA, the Sharpe Ratio (SR) is used as the utility function, which is defined as the ratio between the mean of user achievable rates to its standard deviation. Thus, the achieved user rates will be closer to each other, leading to a fair network access. By using binary BP algorithm, the results show that the achievable user rates are doubled in comparison with other schemes.
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Abdur, Rahman Abdur Rub. "CellMap: An Automated Multielectrode Array Cell Culture Analysis System Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002185.
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Yasin, Aysar Mahmoud Masoud. "Distributed Generation Systems Based on Hybrid Wind/Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell Structures." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/995.
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The distributed generation (DG) today attracts a large interest due to an even increasing demand of energy and the growth of awareness about the impact of conventional energy sources on the environment.
Photovoltaic (PV) and wind power are two of the most promising renewable energy technologies. Fuel cell (FC) systems also show enormous potential in future DG applications, due to a fast technology development, high efficiency, environment friendliness and modularity. Hybrid systems encompassing wind, photovoltaic and FC generators are today revised as a viable solution to overcome the inner unreliability of renewable energy sources.
The modelling and control of a hybrid wind/PV/FC DG system is addressed in this dissertation. Dynamic models for the main system components, namely: wind and PV energy generators, fuel cell, electrolyser, power electronic interfaces, battery, hydrogen storage tank, gas compressor, are developed and verified by experimental tests and simulation studies.
Five different architectures of stand-alone hybrid power systems are considered, exploiting connections through DC and AC buses. Each configuration is managed through a specific control methodology. Based on suitable dynamic models, the five proposed stand-alone hybrid energy system configurations have been simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink/SimPowSysTM software environment.
A comparison among those configurations has been performed on the basis of purposely developed performance indexes. According to obtained results the high voltage DC bus (HVDC) configuration reaches the best score among the five configurations.
A Fuzzy logic based management of a stand-alone hybrid generator based on high voltage DC bus configuration has been developed to dynamically optimize the power flows among the different energy sources. The performances of the proposed strategy are evaluated by simulation in different operating conditions. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
A further goal of the thesis has been the development of a probabilistic approach to size step-up transformers for grid-connected wind farms. This approach is mainly based on the evaluation of the Loss of Produced Power Probability index (LPPP); the costs of the wind farm equipments are also taken into consideration.
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Kuijten, M. M. P. "Characterisation of the olfactory system for cell-based therapies to treat neurodegenerative disease." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1511817/.
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The olfactory mucosa (OM) is an area of life-long constant regeneration and constitutes a potential cell source for cell-based treatments for neuronal injury, including olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). Inconsistency in knowledge regarding cell isolation, characteristics and culture methods may influence the efficacy of OEC-based therapies. The aim of the work was to characterise the olfactory mucosa and the bulb to develop a method for isolation of a relatively pure population of OECs as well as to determine a suitable source of OECs. For that purpose immunohistochemical and gene analysis was performed to characterise the OM of postnatal day 16 (young) rat to identify the different cell types in the tissue. The results suggested that ecto-mesenchymal stem cells are present at the junction between the olfactory epithelium and lamina propria (LP) and that in addition, a neural crest (derived) stem cell (NCSC) population was also present at the border of the LP, near the cartilage, and that both cell populations share marker expression with OECs. Furthermore, OM cells were cultured and OECs were isolated using differential adhesion. From these studies it was inferred that this method may result in NCSC contamination in the enriched OEC culture and that a distinctive combination of markers is required to select the OECs. A similar method was used to select for NCSCs using short and long (‘all cells’) trypsination durations. The results suggested the presence of EMSCs in the short trypsination population, whereas the NCSCs were suggested to be present in the ‘all cells’ population. Although differential adhesion may select for certain stem cell populations, the method would not suffice to obtain pure populations. As alternative strategy to select for OECs, EMSCs and NCSCs an attempt at FACS-based cell sorting was made based on the combination of p75, SSEA-1 and ErbB4 expression. Unfortunately, due to low cell viability it was not possible to obtain purified populations. In addition, a comparison was made between the OM of young and adult rat and between the olfactory mucosa and the bulb to determine the most suitable tissue source of OECs. Based on immunohistochemical, gene, Western blotting and flow cytometry analysis, the NCSC population was also suggested to be present in the OM of adult rats and in the olfactory bulb. To obtain insight into neurotrophic ability of the olfactory mucosa, gene expression of six neurotrophic factors in OM tissue and isolated cell populations were studied. From the results it was inferred that BDNF, CNTF, GDNF, NGF, NT3 and NT-4/5 were expressed in both OM tissue and cultured OM cells from young and adult rats, although not to the same extent. These results may suggest that the cells release neurotrophic factors and may be used in neuroprotection strategies to treat neuronal injury. When comparing gene expression of the six factors in cultured OM cell populations to BMSCs, the results may indicate that their neurotrophic potential is not higher compared to BMSCs. The knowledge obtained from the characterisation of the olfactory system may be of use to develop new or improve existing treatment strategies for neuronal injury.
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Ospina, Eslava David Mauricio, and Avendaño Flores Santiago. "Virtual Commissioning of Robotic Cell Using Cloud-based Technologies and Advanced Visualization System." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19793.
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The manufacturing industry is quickly adapting to new technologies. Some of these trending technologies are virtual commissioning, virtual reality, and cloud-based technologies. This project summarizes these three technologies and aims to create a commissioning tool adapted to the 4.0 Industry. The project’s methodology was to analyse a problem and consequently create a solution that solves it. The process of designing and developing was repeated iteratively, each time an evaluation was made. The final product developed has shown that it is worth spending time introducing the cloudbased technologies inside many applications since it saves time and allows to work remotely. Applying virtual reality to virtual commissioning has proven to add efficiency. At the same time, it gives an immersive experience with a real-time display of quantitative data and the process itself in a visual mode without interfering with the actual production. With these two technologies, virtual commissioning evolves and goes a step further. This project also proved that the user experience and interface in this type of immersive applications need much attention on creating a comfortableinterface that does not fatigue or cause rejection in the user.
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Carradori, Dario. "Novel nanoparticle-based drug delivery system for neural stem cell targeting and differentiation." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0056/document.
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Les cellules souches neurales (CSNs) se situent dans des régions spécifiques du système nerveux central qui sont appelées niches. Ces cellules sont capables de se répliquer ou se différentier en cellules neurales spécialisées (neurones, astrocytes et oligodendrocytes). C’est grâce à cette propriété de différentiation que les CSNs sont étudiées comme thérapie chez les patients atteints d’une maladie neurodégénérative. En effet, elles pourraient remplacer les cellules neurales altérées et ainsi restaurer les fonctions neurologiques. De nombreuses approches ont été développées afin de stimuler la différentiation des CSNs, dont la plus prometteuse est la différentiation des cellules endogènes directement au sein de leurs niches. Actuellement, il n’existe pas de molécule active ou de système thérapeutique qui cible les CSNs endogènes et qui induit leur différentiation simultanément. Le but de ce travail est de fournir un système de délivrance de molécules bioactives capable de cibler les CSNs endogènes et d'induire leur différenciation in situ. Nous avons développé et caractérisé des nanoparticules lipidiques (LNC), un système de délivrance très versatile. NFL-TBS.40-63, un peptide ciblant les CSNs, a été adsorbé à la surface des LNC afin de les diriger contre les CSNs endogènes. Nous avons observé que ces NFL-LNC ne ciblaient que les CSNs du cerveau et pas de la moelle. Afin d’étudier les interactions spécifiques entre les nanoparticules et les CSNs, nous avons caractérisé et comparé les propriétés de leur membrane plasmique. Enfin, nous avons encapsulé de l’acide rétinoïque, une molécule connue pour stimuler la différentiation des CSNs, dans les LNC-NFL et étudié leur impact sur la différentiation de CSNs in vitro et in vivo. Ce travail contribue au développement de thérapies efficaces et sures pour le traitement de maladies neurodégénératives à travers la différentiation de CSNs endogènesNeural stem cells (NSCs) are located in specific regions of the central nervous system called niches. Those cells are able to self-renew and to differentiate into specialized neuronal cells (neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes). Due to this differentiation property, NSCs are studied to replace neuronal cells and restore neurological functions in patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases. Several therapeutic approaches have been developed and endogenous NSC stimulation is one of the most promising. Currently, there is no active molecule or therapeutic system targeting endogenous CSNs and inducing their differentiation at the same time. The aim of the work was to provide a drug delivery system able both to target endogenous CSNs and to induce their differentiation in situ. Here, we developed and characterized lipidic nanoparticles (LNC) targeting endogenous NSCs. A peptide called NFL-TBS.40-63, known for its affinity towards NSCs, was adsorbed at the surface of LNC. We observed that NFL-LNC specifically targeted NSC from the brain and not from the spinal cord in vitro and in vivo. To explain this specificity, we characterized and compared NFL-LNC interactions with the plasmatic membrane of both cell types. Finally, we demonstrated that by loading retinoic acid in NFL-LNC we were able to induce brain NSC differentiation in vitro and in vivo. This work contributes to the development of efficient and safe therapies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease via the differentiation of endogenous NSCs
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Puranik, Sachin V. "Control of Fuel Cell Based Green Energy Systems for Distributed Generation Applications." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253476960.
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Liu, Yifan. "The True-Time-Delay (TTD) Laser Beam Steering System Design Based on Fourier Cell." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1237915468.
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Münst, Sabine [Verfasser]. "Neural crest development in a human embryonic stem cell-based model system / Sabine Münst." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1044147202/34.
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Li, Quan. "Synthetic Hydrogel-Based 3D Culture System for Maintenance of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36189.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Grain Science and Industry
X. Susan Sun
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are generated from human somatic cells using defined transcription factors. These cells possess characteristics very similar to that of human embryonic stem cells including the ability to differentiate into cell types of all three germ layers. HiPSCs show great potential in clinical researches like drug screening and regenerative medicine, that all require large amount of cells cultured under well-defined conditions. The most common culture methods used for hiPSCs are 2D culture methods using Matrigel or vitronectin coated culture plates or flasks. 2D culture methods require large surface area to produce the same amount of cells compared to 3D methods. In addition, cells cultured in 2D culture environment are far from that in vivo. In this study, we developed a robust 3D culture condition based on hiPSC-qualified PGmatrix (PGmatrix-hiPSC) hydrogel. This 3D culture system provide hiPSCs with well-defined, more in vivo-like environment that encapsulate cells in liquid rich hydrogel with appropriate oxygen supply that resembles the hypoxia condition in vivo. Two hiPSC lines grown continuously in PGmatrix-hiPSC showed higher total population expansion and higher viability, with more consistency compared to the same cell lines grown in 2D on Matrigel or Vitronectin-XF. After grown in 3D PGmatrix-hiPSC for over 25 passages, major pluripotency markers, such as Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and SSEA4 are expressed in most hiPSCs examined by flow cytometry. RT-qPCR also confirmed adequate expression levels of major pluripotency related genes. In addition, karyotype analysis of hiPSC after 37 passages in 3D PGmatrix-hiPSC was found normal. The same hiPSC lines cultured continuously in parallel in 2D and 3D showed differences in gene expression and surface marker TRA-1-81 expression. These results indicated the 3D PGmatrix-hiPSC system is likely superior in maintaining hiPSC growth as well as pluripotency. The findings also suggest that it is very important to study cells in 3D culture environment to better understand the mechanism of pluripotency maintenance.
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Zheng, Hong. "Efficient Algorithms for the Cell Based Single Destination System Optimal Dynamic Traffic Assignment Problem." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195304.
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The cell transmission model (CTM) based single destination system optimal dynamic traffic assignment (SD-SO-DTA) model has been widely applied to situations such as mass evacuations on a transportation network. Although formulated as a linear programming (LP) model, embedded multi-period cell network representation yields an extremely large model for real-size networks. As a result, most of these models are not solvable using existing LP solvers. Solutions obtained by LP also involve holding vehicles at certain locations, violating CTM flow dynamics. This doctoral research is aimed at developing innovative algorithms that overcome both computational efficiency and solution realism issues. We first prove that the LP formulation of the SD-SO-DTA problem is equivalent to the earliest arrival flow (EAF), and then develop efficient algorithms to solve EAF. Two variants of the algorithm are developed under different model assumptions and network operating conditions. For the case of time-varying network parameters, we develop a network flow algorithm on a time-expanded network. The main challenge in this approach is to address the issue of having backward wave speed lower than forward wave speed. This situation leads to non-typical constraints involving coefficients with value of less than 1. In this dissertation we develop a new network algorithm to solve this problem in optimal, even with coefficients of value less than 1. Additionally, the developed approach solves for optimal flows that exhibit non-vehicle-holding properties, which is a major breakthrough compared to all existing solution techniques for SD-SODTA. For the case of time-invariant network parameters, we reduce the SD-SO-DTA to a standard EAF problem on a dynamic network, which is constructed on the original roadway network without dividing it into cells. We prove that the EAF under free flow status is one of the optimal solutions of SD-SO-DTA, if cell properties follow a trapezoidal/triangular fundamental diagram. We use chain flows obtained on a static network to induce dynamic flows, an approach applicable to large-scale networks. Another contribution of this research is to provide a simple and practical algorithm solving the EAF with multiple sources, which has been an active research area for many years. Most existing studies involve submodular function optimization as subroutines, and thus are not practical for real-life implementation. This study’s contribution in this regard is the development of a practical algorithm that avoids submodular function optimization. The main body of the given method is comprised of |S⁺| iterations of earliest arrival s - t flow computations, where |S⁺| is the number of sources. Numerical results show that our multi-source EAF algorithm solves the SD-SO-DTA problem with time-invariant parameters to optimum.
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Cantlay, Alex John. "Investigation of a solid oxide fuel cell system based on a doped lanthanum gallate electrolyte." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405959.
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Barrey, Evelyne Janine Chantal [Verfasser], and Patrick [Akademischer Betreuer] Heun. "Dissection of the human centromere epigenetic propagation pathway in a novel cell-based heterologous system." Freiburg : Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1171261705/34.
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Basson, Eduan. "Development of a content billing architecture for a cell phone-based internet system / Eduan Basson." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1241.
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The convergence of the cell phone industry and the Internet brings with it a myriad of
services, to be accessed when on the move. It also brings a need for a paradigm shift in its
billing mechanism. The current billing operation does not cater for different services on
the same channel with different ratings. It also often makes it impossible to bill in real
time.
These two limitations may cause revenue loss for cell phone operators, especially since
the South African market focuses on prepaid users requesting services that may range
from as little as 5c to R10 or R20 per service. Additional functionality is needed to
eliminate discouraging, non-configurable error messages generated by the network when
services are down, or when real-time hilling systems refuse delivery of a service due to
insufficient funds on the user's account.
Motivated by these restrictions, it seemed not only sensible but very important to assess
the state of the industry and available technologies, in order to define a new content
billing architecture. Specifications and requirements for such a solution were researched
and formulated, in order to complete the design and implementation.
The choice for a cell phone Internet technology to support the new system fell on the
Wireless Internet Gateway (WIG), as it caters to 99% of the South African market by
delivering text-based Internet content to 2G cell phones. The content-based billing
application (CBA) was developed and tested in the laboratory to verify its functionality
and performance. It implements all the specifications and requirements.
The CBA was then installed on the network of a South African cell phone operator. End-to-
end performance tests on the complete system, including its latency and throughput
levels, confirmed that it successfully implemented all requirements and business logic.Thesis (M.Ing. (Electronical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Murata, Yuki. "Design and Preparation of Gelatin-Based Carriers for Imaging Probes to Visualize Cell Functions." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263622.
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Green, Amy Jane. "Model based process design for a monoclonal antibody-producing cell line : optimisation using hybrid modelling and an agent based system." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3049.
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The biopharmaceutical industry has seen rapid growth over the last 10 years in the area of therapeutic medicines. These include products such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produced using mammalian cell lines such as Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO). In order to comply with the regulatory authority (FDA) Quality by Design (QbD) and Process Analytical Technology (PAT) requirements, modelling can be used in the development and operation of the bioprocess. A model can assist in both the design, scale up and control of these complex, non-linear processes. A predictive model can be used to identify optimal operating conditions, which is vital for a contract manufacturer. Traditionally industry has approached modelling through the one-unit-at-a-time method, which can fail to capture unit interactions. The research reported in this work addresses this issue by using a whole system approach, which can also capture the interactions between units. Predictive models for each of the process units are combined within an overall framework allowing for the integration of the models, predicting how changes in the output of one unit influence the performance of subsequent units. These predictions can serve as the basis for the modifications to the standard operating procedures to achieve the required performance of the whole process. In this thesis three distinct studies are presented; the first utilises a hybridoma data set and presents a model to predict and characterise the various critical quality attributes (CQAs), such as final product glycosylation profile, and critical process parameters (CPPs) including titre and viable cell count. The second data set concerns the purification of lactoferrin using ion-exchange chromatography as a model system for developing downstream iii processing models. The output of this data set varied widely, and has led to the development of a novel peak isolation methodology, which can ultimately be used to characterise the elution. The final data set contains various CQAs and CPPs for multiple units within one process. This data set has been employed within a proof of concept study to show how an agent based framework can be developed to allow for overall process optimisation. The results showed that it is possible to link process units using a common CPP or CQA. This work shows that using a agent based system of two layers of modelling i.e. individual process unit models connected with a higher level agent model that links via a common measurement allows for the influences between units to be considered. The model presented in this work considers the use of titre, HCP, measure of heterogeneity, and molecular weight as the common measurement. It is shown that it is possible to link the units in this way with the goal of predicting and controlling the glycosylation profile of the Bulk Drug Substance (BDS).
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Steyer, Grant. "Imaging of Cardiovascular Cellular Therapeutics with a Cryo-imaging System." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1264865581.
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Steyer, Grant J. "IMAGING OF CARDIOVASCULAR CELLULAR THERAPEUTICS WITH A CRYO-IMAGING SYSTEM." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1271182554.
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Schanen, Brian. "Novel Immunogens of Cellular Immunity Revealed using in vitro Human Cell-Based Approach." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5483.
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Nanotechnology has undergone rapid expansion largely as a result of its enormous potential for applications as biomaterials, drug delivery vehicles, cancer therapeutics, and immunopotentiators. Despite this wave of interest and broad appeal for nanoparticles, evidence of their effect to the human immune system remains scarce. Concerns rise as studies on nanoparticle toxicology continue to emerge indicating that nanomaterials can be acutely toxic and can have long term inflammatory effects as seen in animal models. Based on these findings and the rise in the development of nanoparticle technologies targeting in vivo applications, the urgency to characterize nanomaterial immunogenicity is paramount. Nanoparticles harbor great potential because they possess unique physicochemical properties compared to their larger counter parts as a result of quantum-size effects and their inherent large surface area to volume ratio. These physicochemical properties govern how a nanoparticle will behave in its environment. However, researchers have only just begun to catalogue the biological effect these properties illicit. We took it upon ourselves to investigate nanoparticle size-induced effects using TiO2, one of the most widely manufactured nanoparticles, as a model. We studied these effects in dendritic cells across a human donor pool. We examined dendritic cells because they have an inimitable functional role bridging the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. From this work we found that TiO2 nanoparticles can activate human dendritic cells to become pro-inflammatory in a size-dependent manner as compared to its micron-sized counterpart, revealing novel immune cell recognition and activation by a crystalline nanomaterial. Having identified nanomaterial size as a contributing feature of nanoparticle induced immunopotentiation, we became interested if additional physicochemical properties such as surface reactivity or catalytic behavior could also be immunostimulatory. Moreover, because we witnessed a stimulatory effect to dendritic cells following nanoparticle treatment, we were curious how these nanoparticle-touched dendritic cells would impact adaptive immunity. Since TiO2 acts as an oxidant we chose an antioxidant nanoparticle, CeO2, as a counterpart to explore how divergent nanoparticle surface reactivity impacts innate and adaptive immunity. We focused on the effect these nanoparticles had on human dendritic cells and TH cells as a strategy towards defining their impact to cellular immunity. Combined, we report that TiO2 nanoparticles potentiate DC maturation inducing the secretion of IL-12p70 and IL-1?, while treatment with CeO2 nanoparticles induced IL-10, a hallmark of suppression. When delivered to T cells alone TiO2 nanoparticles induced stronger proliferation in comparison to CeO2 which stimulated TReg differentiation. When co-cultured in allogeneic T cell assays, the materials directed alternate TH polarization whereby TiO2 drives largely a TH1 dominate response, whereas CeO2 was largely TH2 bias. Combined, we report a novel immunomodulatory capacity of nanomaterials with catalytic activity. While unintentional exposure to these nanomaterials could pose a serious health risk, development and targeted use of such immunomodulatory nanoparticles could provide researchers with new tools for novel adjuvant strategies or therapeutics.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Molecular Biology and Microbiology
Medicine
Biomedical Sciences
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Rosich, Oliva Albert. "Sensor placement for fault diagnosis based on structural models: application to a fuel cell stak system." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/53635.
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The present work aims to increase the diagnosis systems capabilities by choosing the location of sensors in the process. Therefore, appropriate sensor location will lead to better diagnosis performance and implementation easiness. The work is based on structural models ands some simplifications are considered in order to only focus on the sensor placement analysis. Several approaches are studied to solve the sensor placement problem. All of them find the optimal sensor configuration.
The sensor placement techniques are applied to a fuel cell stack system. The model used to describe the behaviour of this system consists of non-linear equations. Furthermore, there are 30 candidate sensors to improve the diagnosis specifications. The results obtained from this case study are used to strength the applicability of the proposed approaches.El present treball té per objectiu incrementar les prestacions dels diagnosticadors mitjançant la localització de sensors en el procés. D'aquesta manera, instal·lant els sensors apropiats s'obtenen millors diagnosticador i més facilitats d'implementació. El treball està basat en models estructurals i contempla una sèrie de simplificacions per tal de entrar-se només en la problemàtica de la localització de sensors. S'utilitzen diversos enfocs per tal de resoldre la localització de sensors, tot ells tenen com objectiu trobar la configuració òptima de sensors. Les tècniques de localització de sensors són aplicades a un sistema basat en una pila de combustible. El model d'aquest sistema està format per equacions no lineals. A més, hi ha la possibilitat d'instal·lar fins a 30 sensors per tal de millorar la diagnosis del sistema. Degut a aquestes característiques del sistema i del model, els resultats obtinguts mitjançant aquest cas d'estudi reafirmen l'aplicabilitat dels mètodes proposats.
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Teh, Beng-Ghee. "Modeling and analysis of ultrasound backscattering by red blood cell aggregates with a system-based approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/MQ44044.pdf.
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De, la Pena H. "Development of a novel nanotechnology based artificial antigen presenting cell system for adoptive and active immunotherapy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446304/.
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T cells are one of the most pivotal cell types in the human adaptive immune system. They have the capacity to eradicate primary, metastatic, relapsed tumours and can ameliorate otherwise fatal viral infections. Not surprisingly therefore, the activation and expansion of T cells has become one of the main focuses for immunotherapy and immune gene therapy. However one of the problems of T cell mediated immunotherapy in terms of delivering significant clinical impact to patients, is the expansion of high numbers of functional antigen specific effector T cells. The current approaches for expanding T cells have a number of drawbacks in terms of timing, reproducibility and reliability. Many if not all the currently available systems rely on ex vivo cell manipulation, which concordantly leads to short T cell survival in vivo after infusion. In vivo artificial expansion systems would clearly circumvent this problem. Nevertheless active immunotherapy is not always the solution since sometimes in some patients, the T cells that could be potentially in- vivo expanded no longer exist because they have been deleted, killed or anergised. Therefore a flexible system should be constructed in order to performed both adoptive and/or active immunotherapy depending on the patients requirements. Currently there is no comprehensive artificial Antigen Presenting Cell system (aAPC) for both effective ex vivo and in vivo antigen specific T cell expansion. Therefore in order to address this we have constructed a novel artificial nano-sized super para magnetic antigen presenting cell system (aAPC) capable of priming and expanding antigen specific T cells ex vivo and in vivo. As defined by the NIH, nanotechnology uses nanoscale injectable, targeted and traceable devices capable of important immunological/clinical functions. This nano-system was constructed using the latest generation of immuno liposomes, approved for in vivo human use since they are non-toxic, biodegradable, avoid rapid recognition by the reticulo endothelial system, are safe in terms of size being 50 times smaller than average cells at lOOnm, have good stability and favourable pharmacokinetic behaviour for effective in vivo trafficking. We have coated these liposomes with an optimised number of MHC Class I / peptide complexes and a specific selected range of adhesion (anti LFA-1), early activation (anti CD28 and anti CD27), late activation (4-IBB) and survival receptors (anti CD40L) in the form of Fab antibody regions or monoclonal antibodies. We have made these immuno liposomes traceable since they carry fluorescent lipids and iron oxide super para magnetic nano particles or spios of 13nm size, which make them traceable in vivo using fluorescence and/or by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The super para magnetic liposomes are also able to facilitate their own focusing to specific organs, tumour sites or body areas by applying external magnetic attraction. Production of this nano immune liposome system in a ready to use form is achievable in less than 48 hrs and viable for at least 7 days. After ex vivo stimulation with this artificial nano system using CMV pp65 as a model antigen, we have established successful expansions with high T cell numbers (55 to 200 fold) in CMV positive individuals, which are superior when compared with other systems such as peptide pulsed DCs, which are one of the standard methods currently used, coated Daudi cells, magnetic commercial beads and modified tetramers. The T cells are fully functional in terms of degranulation and production of cytokines when specifically challenged. They express predominantly effector-memory and memory phenotypes. We have demonstrated by double fluorescent staining that these liposomes activate T cells directly in an antigen specific fashion and also semi-directly by being incorporated on the surface of the natural APCs in a similar manner as exosomes. When tested in naive individuals, this nano system was also capable of accomplishing initial low levels of T cell priming without help of any adjuvants. In conclusion, we have generated an efficient artificial APC, which embodies a powerful, controllable and superior approach with enormous potential for cancer nanotechnology and T cell immunotherapy for use either in vivo or in vitro.
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Yue, Meiling. "Contribution of developing a prognostics-based energy management strategy for fuel cell hybrid system - application to a fuel cell/battery hybrid electric vehicle." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD029.
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Le système de propulsion hybride à pile à combustible (PàC) gagne du terrain sur le marché automobile actuel et offre une solution durable au changement climatique mondial dans le secteur des transports. Cependant, la durabilité et la fiabilité des sources d’énergie utilisées dans le système hybride sont les obstacles inévitables à sa commercialisation massive. Pour optimiser et maximiser la durée de vie du système hybride, une approche de pronostic et gestion de la santé (PHM) est mise en œuvre pour gérer et atténuer le comportement de dégradation des sources d'énergie et appliquée à un véhicule électrique hybride à pile à combustible.Dans ce contexte, deux contributions principales sont apportées. La première consiste à déployer une méthode de pronostic pouvant être utilisée dans le système hybride. Le filtrage de particules, en tant que méthode d'estimation d'état communément utilisée, est adapté aux fins de pronostic dans cette thèse. Il est utilisé pour traiter les données de dégradation imprécises et incertaines et pour estimer la durée de vie utile restante. La méthode est validée par les ensembles de données historiques de PàC et de batterie et les résultats sont évalués par les métriques de pronostic conçues.Ensuite, une deuxième étape sur l’aspect gestion de la santé du PHM est proposée. Comme la répartition de la puissance demandée dans un système hybride est gérée par une stratégie de gestion de l'énergie (EMS), l’orientation de cette étape est de développer une EMS conscient de sa santé dans le contexte du PHM. Une grande quantité de recherches sur les pronostics avec des données expérimentales finies ont été trouvées dans la littérature, alors que la manière d'utiliser les résultats de pronostics pour réaliser des actions de contrôle correctives est rarement discutée. Afin de pallier cette lacune dans les applications de système hybride, un processus de prise de décision basé sur le pronostic est conçu. Les performances sont évaluées en quantifiant la dégradation et la durée de vie du système dans un environnement simulé et une discussion sur l'occurrence des pronostics est lancée pour des investigations ultérieures sur la maintenanceFuel cell hybrid propulsion system is gaining momentum in today's automotive market and offers a sustainable solution for the world climate change in the transport sector. However, the durability and reliability of the power sources used in the hybrid system are the inevitable obstacles for its massive commercialization. To optimize and maximize the lifespan of the hybrid system, a prognostics and health management (PHM) approach is deployed to manage and mitigate the power source degradation behaviour and applied to a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle.In this context, two main contributions are made. The first stage is to deploy a prognostics method that can be used in the hybrid system. Particle filtering, as a commonly used state estimation method, is adapted for prognostics purpose in this thesis. It is used to handle the imprecise and uncertain degradation data and estimate the remaining useful life. The method is validated by historical fuel cell and battery datasets and the results are evaluated by the designed prognostics metrics.Subsequently, a second stage on the health management aspect of PHM is proposed. As the split of demanded power in a hybrid system is managed by an energy management strategy (EMS), the orientation of this stage is to develop a health-conscious EMS in the context of PHM. A great quantity of researches on prognostics with finished experimental data have been found in the literature, while how to use the prognostics results to make corrective control actions is rarely discussed. To help against this vacancy in hybrid system applications, a prognostics-enabled decision-making process is designed. The performance is evaluated by quantifying the degradation and the lifetime of the system in a simulated environment and a discussion on prognostics occurrence is launched for further investigations on maintenance
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Groß, Annett. "Genetically Tailored Yeast Strains for Cell-based Biosensors in White Biotechnology." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-83341.
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This work was performed in the framework of two application-oriented research projects that focus on the generation and evaluation of fluorescent Saccharomyces (S.) cerevisiae-based sensor and reporter cells for white biotechnology as well as the extension of the conventional single-cell/single-construct principle of ordinary yeast biosensor approaches. Numerous products are currently generated by biotechnological processes which require continuous and precise process control and monitoring. These demands are only partially met by physical or physiochemical sensors since they measure parameters off-line or use surrogate parameters that consequently provide only indirect information about the actual process performance. Biosensors, in particular whole cell-based biosensors, have the unique potential to near-line and long-term monitor parameters such as nutrient availability during fermentation processes. Moreover, they allow for the assessment of an analyte’s biological relevance.
Prototype yeast sensor and reporter strains derived from common laboratory strains were transformed with multicopy expression plasmids that mediate constitutive or inducible expression of a fluorescence reporter gene. Performance of these cells was examined by various qualitative and quantitative detection methods – representative of putative transducer technologies. Analyses were performed on the population level by microplate reader-based fluorometry and Western blot as well as on the single-cell level by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. ‘Signature’ promoters that are activated or repressed during particular nutrient-limited growth conditions were selected in order to generate yeast nutrient sensor strains for monitoring the biological availability of nitrogen, phosphorus or sulphur. For each category, at least one promoter mediating at least threefold changed green fluorescence levels between sensor cells in non-limited and nutrient-limited conditions was identified. Sensor strains were evaluated in detail regarding sensitivity, analyte selectivity and the ability to restore basic fluorescence after shift from nutrient-limited to non-limited conditions (regeneration). The applicability for bioprocess monitoring purposes was tested by growth of yeast nutrient sensor cells in microalgae media and supernatants. Despite successful proof of principle, numerous challenges still need to be solved to realise prospective implementation in this field of white biotechnology.
The major drawback of plasmid-borne detection constructs is a high fluorescence variance between individual cells. By generation of a nitrogen sensor strain with a genome-integrated detection construct, uniform expression on the single-cell level and simultaneous maintenance of basic properties (ability of fluorescence induction/regeneration and lack of cross-reactivity) was achieved. However, due to the singular detection construct per cell, significantly weaker overall fluorescence was observed. The traditional single-cell/single-construct approach was expanded upon in two ways. Firstly, a practical dual-colour sensor strain was created by simultaneous, constitutive expression of a red fluorescence reporter gene in green fluorescent nitrogen sensor cells.
Secondly, an innovative cellular communication and signal amplification system inspired by the natural S. cerevisiae pheromone system and mating response was established successfully. It features the yeast pheromone alpha-factor as a trigger and alpha-factor-responsive reporter cells which express a fluorescence reporter gene from the pheromone-inducible FIG1 promoter as an output signal. The system was functional both with synthetic and cell-secreted alpha-factor, provided that recombinant cells were deleted for the alpha-factor protease Bar1p. Integration of amplifier cells which secrete alpha-factor in response to stimulation with the pheromone itself could increase the system\'s sensitivity further. Signal amplification was demonstrated for phosphorus sensor cells as a proof of concept. Therefore, the alpha-factor-based cellular communication and signal amplification system might be useful in applications that suffer from poor signal yield. Due to its modular design, the system could be applied in basically any cell-based biosensor or sensor-actor system.
Immobilisation of the generated sensor and reporter cells in transparent natural polymers can be beneficial considering biosensor fabrication. Functionality of sensor and reporter cells in calcium-alginate beads or nano-printed arrays was successfully demonstrated. For the latter setup, fluorescence scanning and software-assisted fluorescence quantification was applied as a new detection method. In an experiment using an agarose-based two-compartment setup proposed by Jahn, 2011, properties of the alpha-factor-based cellular communication and signal amplification system after immobilisation were tested. These studies provide an initial experimental basis for an appropriate geometry of miniaturised immobilisation matrices with fluorescent yeast sensor and reporter cells in prospective biosensor designs.
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Soon, Chin Fhong. "Development of a novel cell traction force transducer based on cholesteryl ester liquid crystals : characterisation, quantification and evaluation of a cholesteryl ester liquid crystal based single cell force transducer system." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5379.
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In biomechano-transducing, cellular generated tension can be measured by soft substrates based on polymers but these techniques are limited either by spatial resolution or ability to detect localised cell traction forces (CTF) due to their non-linear viscous behaviour under shear rates. A newly developed cell traction force transducer system based on cholesteryl ester lyotropic liquid crystals (LCTFT) was developed to sense localised traction forces of human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaTs), in which the length of the deformation line induced represents the intensity of the CTF exerted. The physical properties of the cholesteryl ester based lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC) were characterised by using polarising microscopy, rheology, atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nano-indentation, spherical indentation, and micro-tensile tests. The interactions of LLC with cells were studied by using cell viability studies, cytochemical treatments, widefield surface plasmon resonance (WSPR) microscopy and various immuno-staining techniques. The results show that LLC is thermally stable (0-50 °C) and linearly viscoelastic below 10% shear strain at shear rates of < 1 s⁻¹. AFM nano and spherical indentations show a good agreement on the Young's modulus of both determined at ~110 kPa which is close to the elastic modulus of the epidermis. The Poisson's ratio of LLC was determined at ~0.58 by using micro tensile tests. The biophysical interaction studies indicated that LLC is biocompatible and allowed cell attachment. Cell relaxation technique by cytochalasin-B treatment suggested that the attachment and contraction of cells on LLC was due to the contractile activity of actin cytoskeletons that are mediated by focal adhesions. The staining experiments showed that cells consistently expressed the same suites of integrins (α2, α3, α5 and β1) and ECM proteins (collagen type IV, laminin and fibronectin) on both glass and LLC coated substrates. Interfacial interaction of cells with LLC observed via the staining of actin and vinculin, and WSPR imaging suggest the association of marginal actin filaments and focal adhesions in attaching HaCaT cells to the LLC. Linear static analysis applied in the Finite Element model of focal adhesion-LC confirmed the compressive force patterns induced by cells. By applying cell relaxation techniques and Hooke's theorem, the force-deformation relationships of the LLC were derived and used for direct quantification of CTF in culture. The sensitivity of the LCTFT was implied by a wide range of CTF (10 - 140 nN) measured at high resolutions (~2 μm). Nonetheless, a custom-built cell traction force measurement and mapping software (CTFM) was developed to map CTF of single cells. Reliability of the LCTFT was evaluated by using a known pharmacological active cytokine, TGF-β1, in inducing contraction of human keratinocytes. This study inferred internal consistency and repeatability of the LCTFT in sensing contraction responses of HaCaT cells in a concentration dependent manner of TGF-β1. The overall LCTFT and CTFM software had shown good potential for use in the study of contraction and migration of keratinocytes.
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Chen, Di. "Design and implementation of microcontroller-based direct methanol fuel cell/lithium polymer battery hybrid energy management system." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12579.
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The Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) has been considered as one of the competitive alternatives for battery technology as it has much higher energy density, faster recharging and does not require complicated control systems like a fuel reformer or compressed gas tank as needed by a hydrogen fuel cell. However, current DMFC technology suffers from the low power density caused by low reaction rate and undesired “methanol crossover” issues, which brings a big challenge for its application in practical systems.
This thesis presents a practical design and prototype development of a DMFC/battery hybrid energy management system, which can be provided as one possible solution for the low power and cold start issues. First of all the existing fuel cell hybrid system schemes and design of the auxiliary units (BOP) are surveyed and compared. Based on the analysis above a microcontroller-based DMFC and Lithium Polymer Battery hybrid system is proposed.
After that a novel “Battery-Current-Based Hybrid Control (BCBHC)” is proposed to provide active load sharing and proper battery charging and protection. The DMFC will follow the average battery current by neglecting the battery current transients and charge the battery by following the Constant-Current and Constant Voltage charging scheme when possible. A variety of battery protections, such as overcharging, overcurrent and charging current limitation, are implemented by the BCBHC and protection circuit.
A detailed system design and modeling are then presented. The models are developed and simulated in PSIM. The simulation results are analyzed and showed the validity of proposed hybrid control.
At the end a prototype hybrid EMS controller board has been implemented to further validate the hybrid system design. The dynamic behavior of DMFC/Battery hybrid system is examined and tested under a series of load experiments. The measured results have proved the feasibility and stability of the designed hybrid control.
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Khalaf, M. I. "Machine learning approaches and web-based system to the application of disease modifying therapy for sickle cell." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/9470/.
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Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common serious genetic disease, which has a severe impact due to red blood cell (RBCs) abnormality. According to the World Health Organisation, 7 million newborn babies each year suffer either from the congenital anomaly or from an inherited disease, primarily from thalassemia and sickle cell disease. In the case of SCD, recent research has shown the beneficial effects of a drug called hydroxyurea/hydroxycarbamide in modifying the disease phenotype. The clinical management of this disease-modifying therapy is difficult and time consuming for clinical staff. This includes finding an optimal classifier that can help to solve the issues with missing values, multi-class datasets, and features selection. For the classification and discriminant analysis of SCD datasets, 7 classifiers based on machine learning models are selected representing linear and non-linear methods. After running these classifiers with a single model, the results revealed that a single classifier has provided us with effective outcomes in terms of the classification performance evaluation metric. In order to produce such an optimal outcome, this research proposed and designed combined classifiers (ensemble classifiers) among the neural network’s models, the random forest classifier, and the K-nearest neighbour classifier. In this aspect, combining the levenberg-marquardt algorithm, the voted perceptron classifier, the radial basis neural classifier, and random forest classifier obtain the highest rate of performance and accuracy. This ensemble classifier receives better results during the training set and testing set process. Recent technology advances based on smart devices have improved the medical facilities and become increasingly popular in association with real-time health monitoring and remote/personal health-care. The web-based system developed under the supervision of the haematology specialist at the Alder Hey Children’s Hospital in order to produce such an effective and useful system for both patients and clinicians. To sum up, the simulation experiment concludes that using machine learning and the web-based system platforms represents an alternative procedure that could assist healthcare professionals, particularly for the specialist nurse and junior doctor to improve the quality of care with sickle cell disorder.
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Endoh, Takashi. "Studies on a Novel System for Cell-free Protein Synthesis Based on the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon, Thermococcus kodakaraensis." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/57248.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第13792号
工博第2896号
新制||工||1427(附属図書館)
26008
UT51-2008-C708
京都大学大学院工学研究科合成・生物化学専攻
(主査)教授 今中 忠行, 教授 青山 安宏, 教授 濵地 格
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Arthur, Gerald L. Gong Yang. "Implementation of a fuzzy rule-based decision support system for the immunohistochemical diagnosis of small B-cell lymphomas." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6569.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Yang Gong. "May 2009" Includes bibliographical references.
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Bouneb, Bourbia. "Feasibility and economic study of a grid connected fuel cell/battery based micro-CHP system for residential application." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510676.
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Nshimyumukiza, Léon. "Cell-free DNA-based noninvasive prenatal screening for Down syndrome in the Quebec healthcare system : health economic aspects." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27889.
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Introduction: Au Québec, environ 110 000 femmes enceintes sont éligibles au dépistage prénatal volontaire de la trisomie 21(T21). Différentes stratégies de dépistage sélectionnent environ 4% des femmes à haut risque pour le test invasif (amniocentèse) en vue d'un diagnostic définitif. Les nouveaux tests génomiques prénataux non invasifs (TGPNI) utilisant l'ADN fœtal circulant dans le sang maternel pourraient réduire ces procédures invasives. Leur introduction dans les programmes nationaux de dépistage requiert cependant que des données sur leur coût-efficacité et leur impact budgétaire soient produites. Objectifs : L’objectif principal de cette thèse était d'évaluer les aspects économiques attendus de l'introduction du TGNI dans le programme québécois de dépistage de la trisomie 21. La première étude a consisté en une revue systématique de la littérature des évaluations économiques sur les TGPNI. La deuxième étude a porté sur l'évaluation économique de 7 stratégies de dépistages incluant le TGPNI comparées ainsi que des 6 stratégies de dépistage traditionnelles recommandées par la Société canadienne d’obstétrique et de gynécologie(SOGC). La troisième étude a porté sur l'évaluation de l'impact budgétaire attendu de l’implantation du dépistage par TGPNI dans le programme québécois de dépistage de la trisomie 21. Méthodologie: Une revue systématique de la littérature a été réalisée pour la première étude. Pour la deuxième étude, ainsi que la troisième, des modèles de décision semi-markoviens ont été élaborés pour simuler l’évaluation économique et l'impact budgétaire du dépistage par TGPNI pour une cohorte virtuelle de femmes enceintes similaire à celle des femmes enceintes du Québec en termes d'âge et de nombre de grossesses par âge. La perspective du système de santé québécois a été considérée. Pour l’évaluation économique, 13 stratégies de dépistage ont été comparées : 6 traditionnelles recommandées par la Société canadienne d’obstétrique et de gynécologie, 6 incluant le TGPNI comme test de dépistage de deuxième intention et 1 considérant le TGPNI en première intention. Quant à l’analyse d’impact budgétaire, elle a porté sur l’option considérée comme la plus coût-efficace par la deuxième étude, c’est-à-dire le TGPNI en deuxième intention offert aux femmes à haut risque (Sérum intégré +TGPNI). Cette option a été comparée à la stratégie actuellement offerte par le programme de dépistage au Québec (Sérum intégré). La principale issue pour l'analyse coût-efficacité était le coût additionnel par trisomie 21 additionnelle détectée. Celle de l'analyse d'impact budgétaire était la différence de coûts entre la stratégie incluant le TGPNI et la stratégie de dépistage actuelle. Résultats: La première étude qui a inclus 16 études a révélé que par rapport aux stratégies de dépistage actuelles, la stratégie offrant le TGPNI à toutes les femmes n'était pas coût-efficace. C'est l'option du TGPNI offert aux femmes enceintes à risque élevé qui s'avère l'option la plus coût-efficace dans la majorité des études incluses. La deuxième étude a montré que, sur un total de 13 stratégies comparées, la stratégie « Dépistage par sérum intégré suivie par le TGPNI » est celle qui coûte le moins cher et la stratégie « TGPNI universel » est celle qui coûte le plus bien qu'étant la plus efficace. Ainsi, la stratégie « Dépistage par sérum intégré suivie par le TGPNI » est considérée comme plus la coût-efficace. D'autres stratégies, bien que relativement plus efficace pour détecter le nombre de cas T21, entraînent une augmentation des coûts marginaux par cas additionnel détecté allant de 61 623 $ à 1 553 615 $. Les résultats étaient sensibles au coût du TGPNI et aux seuils considérés pour déterminer les femmes enceintes à risque élevé. La troisième étude a montré que le TGPNI offert aux femmes à haut risque identifiées par le programme de dépistage actuel serait abordable pour le système de santé québécois. Comparativement au programme de dépistage actuel, son implantation se ferait à coût neutre considérant une modeste économie annuelle de 80 432 $ (IC à 95%: 79 874 $ - 81 462 $). Les résultats étaient sensibles aux coûts du TGPNI et au taux d'acceptation des tests diagnostiques invasifs. Conclusion: Le TGPNI comme test de seconde intension, c'est-à-dire offert aux femmes à haut risque selon les critères du programme de dépistage actuel, est coût-efficace et abordable pour le système de santé québécois. Avant d'envisager son introduction, les décideurs devraient cependant considérer d'autres aspects, notamment les aspects éthiques.Introduction: In the Province of Quebec, about 110,000 pregnant women are eligible to voluntary prenatal screening for trisomy 21(T21). Conventional screening strategies select about 4% of women for invasive fetal chromosome testing. Noninvasive prenatal testing using maternal blood cell-free DNA (NIPT) is a new highly accurate screening strategy that could reduce these invasive procedures but evidence about its health economic aspects (cost-effectiveness and affordability) is still lacking. Objectives: The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the expected health economic aspects of introducing NIPT into the Quebec trisomy 21 screening program. The first study systematically reviewed the literature of full economic evaluation studies on NIPT. The second study evaluated the expected cost-effectiveness of screening strategies incorporating NIPT, as well as conventional screening strategies. The third study evaluated the expected budget impact of implementing NIPT into the Quebec trisomy 21 screening program. Methodology: A systematic review of literature was performed for the first study. For the second and third studies, semi-Markov decision-analytic models were built to simulate the cost-effectiveness and the budget impact of NIPT for a virtual cohort of pregnant women similar to that of Quebec in terms of age and pregnancy rate by age. The main outcome for the cost-effectiveness analysis was the incremental cost per additional trisomy 21 detected. The main outcome for the budget impact analysis was the difference in the overall costs between the two alternatives: the current screening strategy vs. the most cost-effective strategy incorporating NIPT). Results: The first study included 16 studies. Results show that compared to current screening practice a universal NIPT screening program is not cost-effective. A program that offers NIPT to high risk pregnant women was found to be the most cost-effective option in the majority of studies included. The second study showed that NIPT as a second-tier test for high-risk women is cost-effective compared to screening algorithms not including NIPT. Out of 13 strategies compared, the integrated serum screening strategy followed by NIPT was the most cost-effective strategy. Other strategies can improve the number of T21 cases identified, but with increasing incremental costs per case (from $ 61,623 to $1,553,615). Results were sensitive to NIPT cost and cut-offs considered to determine high risk pregnant women. The third study found that NIPT as a second-tier test offered to high-risk women identified by the current screening program is affordable for the Quebec health care system. Compared to the current screening program, this strategy could be implemented at a neutral cost considering a modest yearly saving of $80,432 (95% CI: $79,874-$81,462). Results were sensitive to the NIPT costs and the uptake-rate of invasive diagnostic tests. Conclusion: NIPT as a second-tier test offered to high-risk women identified by the current screening program is cost-effective and affordable for the Quebec health care system. Decision makers should consider its introduction after considerations of others aspects such as ethical issues.
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Steinfelds, Eric V. "Radioisotopic energy conversion system (RECS) : a new radioisotopic power cell, based on nuclear, atomic, and radiation transport principles /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3091969.
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Georgopoulos, Nikolaos. "Application of a Decomposition Strategy to the Optimal Synthesis/Design and Operation of a Fuel Cell Based Total Energy System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32138.
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A decomposition methodology based on the concept of â thermoeconomic isolationâ applied to the synthesis/design and operational optimization of a stationary cogeneration proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) based total energy system (TES) for residential/commercial applications is the focus of this work. A number of different configurations for the fuel cell based TES were considered. The most promising set based on an energy integration analysis of candidate configurations was developed and detailed thermodynamic, kinetic, geometric, and economic models at both design and off-design were formulated and implemented. A decomposition strategy called Iterative Local-Global Optimization (ILGO) developed by Muñoz and von Spakovsky was then applied to the synthesis/design and operational optimization of the fuel cell based TES. This decomposition strategy is the first to successfully closely approach the theoretical condition of â thermoeconomic isolationâ when applied to highly complex, non-linear systems. This contrasts with past attempts to approach this condition, all of which were applied to very simple systems under very special and restricted conditions such as those requiring linearity in the models and strictly local decision variables. This is a major advance in decomposition and has now been successfully applied to a number of highly complex and dynamic transportation and stationary systems. This thesis work presents the detailed results from one such application.Master of Science