Books: 'CELL-BASED SYSTEM'

1

Wong, W. L. D. An investigation of a CAD system based on a knowledge cell concept. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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2

Gorla, Rama S. R. Probabilistic analysis of solid oxide fuel cell based hybrid gas turbine system. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2003.

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3

Zimmermann, Reto. Binary adder architectures for cell-based VLSI and their synthesis. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 1998.

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4

Rosindale, Ian John. Transputer based control of a materials handling system for a generic flexible robotic assembly cell. Salford: University of Salford, 1992.

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5

Najjari, Hossein. The design and devopment of an integrated sensor-based control system using and artificial intelligence approach for a flexible robotics assembly cell. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.

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6

Craig, Halberstadt, and Emerich Dwaine F, eds. Cellular transplantation: From laboratory to clinic. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press, 2007.

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7

Günther, Christine. Advances in pharmaceutical cell therapy: Principles of cell-based biopharmaceuticals. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2015.

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8

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Consumer Protection. The collection and use of location information for commercial purposes: Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Consumer Protection and the Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, and the Internet of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, second session, February 24, 2010. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2012.

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9

Pattan, Bruno. Satellite-based global cellular communications. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998.

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10

Pattan, Bruno. Satellite-based global cellular communications. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998.

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11

Oxborrow, Robert R. A microprocessor-based, solar cell parameter measurement system. 1988.

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12

Junier, Marie-Pierre, and Steven G. Kernie. Endogenous Stem Cell-Based Brain Remodeling in Mammals. Springer London, Limited, 2014.

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Junier, Marie-Pierre, and Steven G. Kernie. Endogenous Stem Cell-Based Brain Remodeling in Mammals. Springer, 2014.

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14

Junier, Marie-Pierre, and Steven G. Kernie. Endogenous Stem Cell-Based Brain Remodeling in Mammals. Springer, 2016.

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15

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Probabilistic Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based Hybrid Gas Turbine System. Independently Published, 2018.

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16

Diefenderfer, Rick. Creating Christian Communities: The Structure and Strategy of a Simple Cell-Based Church System. CreatingChristianCommunities.com, 2007.

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17

Motor proteins: A volume based on the EMBO Workshop, Cambridge, September 1990 (Journal of cell science). Company of Biologists, 1991.

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18

Emerich, Dwaine F., and Craig Halberstadt. Cellular Transplantation: From Laboratory to Clinic. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2011.

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19

(Editor), Craig Halberstadt, and Dwaine F. Emerich (Editor), eds. Cellular Transplantation: From Laboratory to Clinic. Academic Press, 2006.

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20

Probabilistics Analysis Of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based Hybrid Gas Turbine System... NASA/TM-2003-211995... National Aeronautics And Space Administration... April 2003. [S.l: s.n., 2003.

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21

Nageshwaran, Sathiji, Heather C. Wilson, Anthony Dickenson, and David Ledingham. Inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199664368.003.0006.

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Primary neuroinflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica (NMO), transverse myelitis, optic neuritis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), primary angiitis of the central nervous system, autoimmune limbic encephalitis, and Susac’s syndrome) and multisystem diseases with inflammatory involvement of the central nervous system (sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), giant cell arteritis, Behçet’s disease, Sjögren’s, and other vasculitides) are discussed in depth, covering the aetiology, clinical features and evidence-based treatment.

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22

Yartys, Volodymyr, Yuriy Solonin, and Ihor Zavaliy. HYDROGEN BASED ENERGY STORAGE: STATUS AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS. Institute for Problems in Materials Science, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/materials2021.

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The book presents the recent achievements in the use of renewable energy sources, chemical processes, biomaterials for the efficient production of hydrogen, its storage and use as a fuel in the FC-based power systems. Novel results were obtained within two research programs, namely, the NATO Science for Peace G5233 project “Portable Energy Supply” (2017-21) and the priority program of the NAS of Ukraine "Development of scientific principles of the production, storage and use of hydrogen in autonomous energy systems" (2019-21). The priority program was implemented by the leading institutes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and contained three focus areas: efficient materials and technologies for the production, storage and use of hydrogen. This includes the development of new functional materials for the fuel cells and the application of the latter in autonomous power supply systems. 4-years NATO's project was implemented by a consortium led by the Institute for Energy Technology (Coordinator; NATO country - Norway) together with the institutes from the NATO partner country – Ukraine – belonging to the NAS of Ukraine: Physico-Mechanical Institute, Institute for Problems of Materials Science and Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry. The work included the studies of H2 generation by the hydrolysis of MgH2, Al and NaBH4, analysis of the mechanisms of these processes and selection of the most efficient catalyzers. The project successfully developed a system integrating hydrolysis process and a PEM fuel cell.

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23

Wang, Sigen, Otto Zhou, and Sha Chang. Carbon-nanotube field emission electron and X-ray technology for medical research and clinical applications. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.013.19.

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This article describes carbon-nanotube based X-ray technologies for medical research and clinical applications, including an X-ray source, microfocus X-ray tube, microcomputed tomography scanner, stationary digital breast tomosynthesis, microradiotherapy system, and single-cell irradiation system. It first examines electron field emission from carbon nanotubes before discussing carbon-nanotube field emission electron and X-ray technologies in greater detail. It highlights the enormous promise of these systems in commercial and research application for the future in diagnostic medical imaging; in-vivo imaging of small-animal modelsfor pre-clinical cancer studies; security screening; industrial inspection; cancer radiotherapy of small-animal models for pre-clinical cancer studies; and basic cancer research using single-cell irradiation.

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24

Liu, Belinda. DBCELL: A cell-density-based clustering method for large spatial databases. 1999.

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25

McKay, Bill, Chung Chow Chan, Kwok Chow, and Michelle Fung. Therapeutic Delivery Solutions. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.

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26

McKay, Bill, Chung Chow Chan, Kwok Chow, and Michelle Fung. Therapeutic Delivery Solutions. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2014.

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27

McKay, Bill, Chung Chow Chan, Kwok Chow, and Michelle Fung. Therapeutic Delivery Solutions. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.

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28

McKay, Bill, Chung Chow Chan, Kwok Chow, and Michelle Fung. Therapeutic Delivery Solutions. Wiley, 2014.

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29

McKay, Bill, Chung Chow Chan, Kwok Chow, and Michelle Fung. Therapeutic Delivery Solutions. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.

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30

Monfared, Radmehr Pourtafreshi. A component-based approach to design and construction of change capable manufacturing cell control systems. 2000.

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31

Ieropoulos, Ioannis A., Pablo Ledezma, Giacomo Scandroglio, Chris Melhuish, and John Greenman. Energy and metabolism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0006.

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Energy resulting from metabolism is essential for any living system—from single-cell to multicellular organisms. This also applies to symbiotic robots (SymBots), which function utilizing the energy (electricity) generated by living microorganisms. In the context of living technologies, artificial symbiosis between the living and the artificial entities of the machine becomes vital for the whole system. If the living entity stops generating energy, the mechatronic system ceases to work yet it is the mechatronic system that provides the microbes with food, and gets rid of their waste. This chapter presents and discusses SymBots, based on EcoBots that operate using Microbial Fuel Cells as onboard living energy devices. The interface between science and engineering is exemplified through the study and optimization of MFCs, producing the necessary data for technological implementation. Biological inspiration stems from living organisms metabolizing and adapting to the environment (homeostasis), which is the main process transferred to engineering.

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32

Benarroch, Eduardo E. Neuroscience for Clinicians. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190948894.001.0001.

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The aim of this book is to provide the clinician with a comprehensive and clinical relevant survey of emerging concepts on the organization and function of the nervous system and neurologic disease mechanisms, at the molecular, cellular, and system levels. The content of is based on the review of information obtained from recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biology techniques; electrophysiological recordings; brain mapping; and mouse models, emphasizing the clinical and possible therapeutic implications. Many chapters of this book contain information that will be relevant not only to clinical neurologists but also to psychiatrists and physical therapists. The scope includes the mechanisms and abnormalities of DNA/RNA metabolism, proteostasis, vesicular biogenesis, and axonal transport and mechanisms of neurodegeneration; the role of the mitochondria in cell function and death mechanisms; ion channels, neurotransmission and mechanisms of channelopathies and synaptopathies; the functions of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia and their involvement in disease; the local circuits and synaptic interactions at the level of the cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord transmission regulating sensory processing, behavioral state, and motor functions; the peripheral and central mechanisms of pain and homeostasis; and networks involved in emotion, memory, language, and executive function.

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33

Boedeker, Edgar C. Attachment of Organisms to the Gut Mucosa: Volume II. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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34

Boedeker, Edgar C. Attachment of Organisms to the Gut Mucosa: Volume II. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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35

Attachment of Organisms to the Gut Mucosa. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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36

Boedeker, Edgar C. Attachment of Organisms to the Gut Mucosa: Volume II. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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37

Boedeker, Edgar C. Attachment of Organisms to the Gut Mucosa: Volume II. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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38

Boedeker, Edgar C. Attachment of Organisms to the Gut Mucosa: Volume I. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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39

Abe, Hiroyuki, Amane Sasada, Shigeki Tabata, and Minako Abe. Heat Shock Protein Vaccine Therapy for Ovarian Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248208.003.0009.

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Despite advances in chemotherapeutic regimens, ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis. Therefore important effective treatments are urgently needed. Many studies have reported that the immune system plays a critical role in disease progression and overall survival. One known effective immunotherapy is the dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine pulsed with tumor-associated antigens. This chapter reports on a method of production of a novel DC-based vaccine. The key technologies are (a) monocyte collection without leukapheresis, (b) monocyte expansion, (c) production of dendritic cells, (d) multiple overlapping long peptides with heat shock protein 70, and (e) combination immunotherapy approach. The next generation of immunotherapy for ovarian cancer will be focused on combination approaches that simultaneously augment immunity while preventing local immune suppression. Possible combinations which might be useful to help patients with ovarian cancer are summarized in this chapter.

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40

Ganesh, Dr K., Dr B. A. Lakhani, Dr Ramesh Kumar, and Dr Pooja Kulkarni. E-Learning Management- A Modern Approach to Digital India & Challenges in 21st Century. KAAV PUBLICATIONS, DELHI, INDIA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/9789391842567.2022.eb.

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“Technology can become the 'wings' that will allow the educational world to fly farther and faster than ever before; if we will allow it.” - Jenny Arledge The theme of this book "E-Learning Management- A Modern Approach to Digital India & Challenges in 21st Century" was chosen due to its relevance for E-learning in the global digitalized world. We are running into the 21st century where innovation exceeds all logical limitations. This is the period of revolutionary advancement where innovation is assuming control over each specialty and corner. Cell phones, PCs, and tablets are not any more obscure words. During this stage the higher education or school system is advancing for improvement, as this age's understudies are not destined to be restricted by the constraints of basic learning; their interest is huge and can't be provided food with educational systems that were planned before. In the event that we continued to show our youngsters the manner in which we showed them yesterday, we would deny them of their tomorrow. Our old education system misses the mark on ability to have a potential for success in the 21st century. So we are constrained to involve digitization in our educational system. This book is about the new evolution of the educational sector. It explains the era of 21st century in the terms of educational progress & how the 'old school ' systems became the 'new school' systems that has boosted digital education. The book encompasses chapters with research-based perspectives in the area of E-Learning Management, Digital Innovations, Modern educational approach to Digital India in 21st Century & related fields. The book can be read as a compendium of readings of 21st century e-learning management in higher education institutions, business and industry. We editors offer heartfelt thanks to all contributors for their valuable research incorporated in this edited book as a chapter.

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41

Koehler, Philipp, and Oliver A. Cornely. Fungal infections in haemato-oncology. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0032.

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Invasive fungal infections on haemato-oncology wards present a major challenge. Patients at risk for invasive fungal infection usually have a compromised immune system due to bone marrow failure caused by underlying disease, prolonged neutropenia after intensive chemotherapy, or immunosuppression after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation to avoid graft-versus-host disease. Three major entities—invasive candidiasis, invasive aspergillosis, and mucormycosis—account for the majority of fungal infections. Here, we describe specific host and therapeutic factors predisposing to invasive fungal infection in the haemato-oncology setting. Clinical presentation is highly variable and dependent on the underlying pathogen, organ involvement, and site of infection. Diagnosis is mainly based on radiographic imaging combined with microbiological and histopathological work-up. Various prophylaxis and treatment strategies have been developed, and the evidence for these is discussed.

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42

Rai, Dibya Prakash, ed. Advanced Materials and Nano Systems: Theory and Experiment - Part 2. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898150499611220201.

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The discovery of new materials and the manipulation of their exotic properties for device fabrication is crucial for advancing technology. Nanoscience, and the creation of nanomaterials have taken materials science and electronics to new heights for the benefit of mankind. Advanced Materials and Nanosystems: Theory and Experiment covers several topics of nanoscience research. The compiled chapters aim to update students, teachers, and scientists by highlighting modern developments in materials science theory and experiments. The significant role of new materials in future technology is also demonstrated. The book serves as a reference for curriculum development in technical institutions and research programs in the field of physics, chemistry and applied areas of science like materials science, chemical engineering and electronics. This part covers 12 topics in these areas: 1. Recent advancements in nanotechnology: a human health Perspective 2. An exploratory study on characteristics of SWIRL of AlGaAs/GaAs in advanced bio based nanotechnological systems 3. Electronic structure of the half-Heusler ScAuSn, LuAuSn and their superlattice 4. Recent trends in nanosystems 5. Improvement of performance of single and multicrystalline silicon solar cell using low-temperature surface passivation layer and antireflection coating 6. Advanced materials and nanosystems 7. Effect of nanostructure-materials on optical properties of some rare earth ions doped in silica matrix 8. Nd2Fe14B and SmCO5: a permanent magnet for magnetic data storage and data transfer technology 9. Visible light induced photocatalytic activity of MWCNTS decorated sulfide based nano photocatalysts 10. Organic solar cells 11. Neodymium doped lithium borosilicate glasses 12. Comprehensive quantum mechanical study of structural features, reactivity, molecular properties and wave function-based characteristics of capmatinib

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43

Müller, Anna. If the Walls Could Speak. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499860.001.0001.

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This book is a collective history about imprisoned women in post-1945 Poland. It focuses on how these women adapted to confinement and remade their lives in a prison cell through words during interrogations; through their senses, by which they oriented themselves in the prison’s spatial organization and created a feeling of security; and through their physicality as a confirmation of their gender identity and a means of exerting pressure on authorities. Their creativity helped them rebuild a semblance of normal life in a cell despite confinement and the abuses that they encountered from interrogation officers and guards. The sense of normalcy was based on a return to traditional women’s roles and political passivity, which was a reversal from their prewar activism. The underlying question is whether Communist ideology had any impact on these women. In oral interviews, they denied Communism had any impact on them. However, the prisons do not appear to be a school of resistance either. The women remained disengaged from prison reality, instead withdrawing into a world they created in their cells. In general, they did not reject, nor did they accept the system. Their disengagement continued after their release. They began reconstructing stories and creating circles of former prisoners in the 1980s during the time of Solidarity, but during this moment of growing opposition in Poland, these female prisoners did not participate in the outburst of independent activism.

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44

van der Vlag, Johan, and Jo H. M. Berden. The patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0161.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with various clinical manifestations. The hallmark of SLE is the presence of antibodies against nuclear constituents, such as double-stranded (ds)DNA, histones, and nucleosomes. Local deposition of antinuclear antibodies in complex with nuclear autoantigens induces serious inflammatory conditions that can affect several tissues and organs, including the kidney.The levels of antinucleosome and anti-dsDNA antibodies seem to correlate with glomerulonephritis and these autoantibodies can often be detected years before the patient is diagnosed with SLE. Apoptotic debris is present in the extracellular matrix and circulation of patients with SLE due to an aberrant process of apoptosis and/or insufficient clearance of apoptotic cells and apoptotic debris. The non-cleared apoptotic debris in patients with SLE may lead to activation of both the innate (myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells) and adaptive (T and B cells) immune system. In addition to the activation by apoptotic debris and immune complexes, the immune system in SLE may be deregulated at the level of (a) presentation of self-peptides by antigen-presenting cells, (b) selection processes for both B and T cells, and (c) regulatory processes of B- and T-cell responses. Lupus nephritis may be classified in different classes based on histological findings in renal biopsies. The chromatin-containing immune complexes deposit in the capillary filter, most likely due to the interaction of chromatin with the polysaccharide heparan sulphate. A decreased renal expression of the endonuclease DNaseI further contributes to the glomerular persistence of chromatin and the development of glomerulonephritis.Current treatment of lupus nephritis is not specific and aims to reduce the inflammatory response with general immunosuppressive therapies. However, research has revealed novel potential therapeutic candidates at the level of dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells.

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45

Denton, Christopher P., and Pia Moinzadeh. Systemic sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0121.

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The term 'scleroderma' describes a group of conditions in which the development of thickened, fibrotic skin is a cardinal feature. This includes localized forms of scleroderma (e.g. morphoea) and also systemic forms of the disease that are more correctly termed systemic sclerosis. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multiorgan, autoimmune disease that has a high clinical burden and mortality, due to affecting the skin as well as internal organs. As with other related diseases there is a female predominance and marked clinical diversity. The pathogenesis of SSc is not fully elucidated; it includes endothelial cell injury fibroblast activation and autoimmunity that lead to skin and internal organ manifestations. The majority of cases exhibit characteristic serum autoantibodies. Some of these antibodies are scleroderma-specific reactivities including anti-centromere (ACA), anti-topoisomerase-1 (ATA or Scl 70) or anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies. These anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) patterns are generally mutually exclusive and serve as useful clinical markers of disease subgroups. Additional subsetting of scleroderma cases, based on the extent of skin sclerosis, permits classification into limited and diffuse subsets. Because of the heterogeneity of the disease patients may suffer from different organ manifestations, such as lung fibrosis, hypertensive renal crisis, severe cardiac disease, gastrointestinal involvement, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Although outcomes have improved recently, systemic sclerosis still has the highest case-specific mortality of any of the autoimmune rheumatic diseases and requires careful and systematic investigation, management and follow-up. Treatment includes symptomatic strategies with attention to each involved organ system; it is still an area where therapeutic progress and better understanding of pathogenesis is increasingly anticipated.

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46

Wendling, Fabrice, and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Dynamics of EEGs as Signals of Neuronal Populations. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0003.

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This chapter gives an overview of approaches used to understand the generation of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals using computational models. The basic concept is that appropriate modeling of neuronal networks, based on relevant anatomical and physiological data, allows researchers to test hypotheses about the nature of EEG signals. Here these models are considered at different levels of complexity. The first level is based on single cell biophysical properties anchored in classic Hodgkin-Huxley theory. The second level emphasizes on detailed neuronal networks and their role in generating different kinds of EEG oscillations. At the third level are models derived from the Wilson-Cowan approach, which constitutes the backbone of neural mass models. Another part of the chapter is dedicated to models of epileptiform activities. Finally, the themes of nonlinear dynamic systems and topological models in EEG generation are discussed.

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47

McDonald, Vickie, and Marie Scully. Anticoagulants and antithrombotics in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0051.

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Coagulation is best thought of using the cell-based model of coagulation. Patients commenced on heparin therapy should have their platelet count monitored early because of the risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, which can occur on any type or dose of heparin. Emergency reversal of warfarin should be with prothrombin complex concentrate (containing factors II, VII, IX, and X) and not fresh frozen plasma. New oral anticoagulants have the advantage of predictable pharmacokinetics and do not require routine monitoring, but optimal reversal strategies for these agents are not clear. Thrombolytic agents lead to variable degrees of systemic lysis, which may cause haemorrhage, including intracerebral haemorrhage

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48

Jalan, Rajiv, and Banwari Agarwal. Extracorporeal liver support devices in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0198.

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Liver failure is common and carries high morbidity and mortality. Liver transplantation (LT) is the only definitive treatment available performed as an emergency in acute liver failure and electively for chronic liver disease. In the last 50 years, a number of extracorporeal liver support devices and modifications have emerged , some of them purely mechanical in nature aimed at detoxification, while others are cell based systems possessing bio-transformational capability. Mechanical devices are mainly based on albumin dialysis, albumin being a key transporter protein that is severely deficient and irreversibly destroyed in liver diseases. Despite a sound scientific rationale and good safety profile, none of the currently available devices have shown enough promise to be incorporated in routine clinical practice, their use being limited to specific clinical situations. This chapter describes currently available devices, their operational characteristics, current evidence of their utility and limitation, and the future developments in the field of extracorporeal liver support.

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49

Reber, Arthur S. The First Minds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190854157.001.0001.

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The book presents a novel theory of the origins of mind and consciousness dubbed the Cellular Basis of Consciousness (CBC). It argues that sentience emerged with life itself. The most primitive unicellular species of bacteria are conscious, though it is a sentience of a primitive kind. They have minds, though they are tiny and limited in scope. There is nothing even close to this thesis in the current literature on consciousness. Hints that cells might be conscious can be found in the writings of a few cell biologists, but a fully developed theory has never been put forward before. Other approaches to the origins of consciousness are examined and shown to be seriously or fatally flawed, specifically ones based on: (a) the assumption that minds are computational and can be captured by an artificial intelligence (AI), (b) efforts to discover the neurocorrelates of mental experiences, the so-called Hard Problem, and (c) looking for consciousness in less complex species by identifying those that possess precursors of those neurocorrelates. Each of these approaches is shown to be either essentially impossible (the AI models) or so burdened by philosophical and empirical difficulties that they are effectively unworkable. The CBC approach is developed using standard models of evolutionary biology. The remarkable repertoire of single-celled species that micro- and cell-biologists have discovered is reviewed. Bacteria, for example, have sophisticated sensory and perceptual systems, learn, form memories, make decisions based on information about their environment relative to internal metabolic states, communicate with one another, and even show a primitive form of altruism. All such functions are indicators of sentience. Conversations with a caterpillar function as a literary vehicle Finally, the implications of the CBC model are discussed along with a number of related issues in evolutionary biology, philosophy of mind, the possibility of sentient plants, the ethical repercussions of universal animal sentience, and the long-range impact of adopting the CBC stance.

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50

Lee, Olivia T., Jennifer N. Wu, Frederick J. Meyers, and Christopher P. Evans. Genitourinary aspects of palliative care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0084.

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Genitourinary tract diseases in the palliative care setting most commonly involve urinary tract obstruction, intractable bleeding, fistulae, and bladder-associated pain. Sources of obstruction in the lower urinary tract include benign prostatic hyperplasia, invasive prostate or bladder cancer, urethral stricture, or bladder neck contracture. Upper tract obstruction includes intraluminal or extraluminal blockage of the renal collecting system and ureters, such as transitional cell carcinoma, fibroepithelial polyps, stricture, stones, pelvic or retroperitoneal malignancy, fibrosis, or prior radiation. Untreated, obstructive uropathy leads to elevated bladder, ureter, and kidney pressures, bladder dysfunction, urolithiasis, renal failure, pyelonephritis, or urosepsis. Intractable haematuria can cause problematic anaemia, frequent transfusions, clot retention, haemorrhagic shock, and death. In addition, urinary tract fistulae such as vesicovaginal and vesicoenteric fistulae are common in patients who have had prior pelvic surgery or radiation especially in the setting of immunocompromise, poor nutrition, and infection. Untreated, these symptoms lead to rash, skin breakdown, ulcers, chronic infection, and sepsis. Lastly, pelvic and bladder pain, depending on aetiology can be treated with oral medications, intravesical therapies, or surgical therapies such as palliative resection or urinary diversion. Selection of tests and treatment modalities in the palliative care setting should be based on using the least invasive means to achieve the most relief in suffering. Some genitourinary conditions are potentially fatal, and in the acute or subacute setting, require re-evaluation of the end-of-life goals and wishes of the patient and family.

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Books on the topic 'CELL-BASED SYSTEM'

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