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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cell autonomy'
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1
Davis, Elizabeth M. "Common Characteristics of Young People Who Text: The Connection to Autonomy, Identity and Self-Esteem." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/596.
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This study examined the relationship between adolescents' use of texting and their level of identity development, cognitive autonomy, and self-esteem. One hundred and nineteen Utah State University students participated in this study by filling out a questionnaire that included a section designed specifically to learn the texting habits of the participants, and also included sections derived from previously existing measures on identity, autonomy, and self-esteem. The results show statistical significance of age and texting. Participants who were 23 years+ sent significantly less than those participants who were 19-22 years. Areas of gender, identity, and self-esteem were also analyzed. Implications of these findings for future research were also discussed.
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André-Ratsimbazafy, Marie. "Phenotype plasticity and populations’ dynamics : social interactions among cancer cells." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB032/document.
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On admet communément que les tumeurs proviennent de cellules échappant aux contrôles homéostatiques qui sous-tendent les structures histologiques saines et que le phénotype d’une cellule n’est pas le résultat de processus génétiques et biochimiques déterministes mais la conséquence stochastique de réseaux de régulation intra- et intercellulaires. Ce doctorat vise à étudier quantitativement l’homéostasie phénotypique de populations cellulaires et à présenter une approche à la question fondamentale, mais jusqu’alors jamais étudiée, concernant l’autonomie versus le contrôle collectif du devenir des cellules. Nous avons étudié sur le long terme, par cytométrie de flux et dans des conditions 2D puis 3D, le niveau d’expression de CD24 et CD44 de deux lignées cellulaires de cancer du sein (SUM149-PT et SUM159-PT). Trois phénotypes ont été isolés (CD24-/CD44+, CD24+/CD44+, CD24-/CD44-), ce dernier n’avait pour le moment pas été documenté dans la littérature. Le comportement phénotypique des sous-populations CD44-low et CD44-high a été caractérisé en évaluant leur proportion et en analysant leur spectre de fluorescence. Ainsi nous avons observé des comportements périodiques d’apparition et de disparition de pool de cellules caractéristiques des lignées et une re-diversification des phénotypes pour chacune des sous-population. Seule la population issue de CD24-/CD44- re-diversifiée présente le même équilibre que la population initiale non triée. En 3D, le processus de re-diversification a été observé dans les tumorsphères issues de CD24-/CD44+ et CD24+/CD44+. Les cellules CD24-/CD44- n’ont pas ce potentiel mais survivent néanmoins à l’anoïkis. Ces comportements laissent penser qu’il existe une coordination intercellulaire régulant l’équilibre des proportions phénotypiques. Pour découvrir les règles sociales régissant l’organisation spatiale inter-phénotypique, nous avons mis en place un rapporteur des variations du niveau d’expression endogène des marqueurs d’intérêt et élaboré un modèle théorique d’interactions cellulaires. Ce travail a conforté notre hypothèse selon laquelle il s’établit des règles sociales inter-cellulaires déterminant l’expression phénotypique à l’échelle uni- et pluricellulaire<br>It is commonly accepted that tumors arise from cells that escape the homeostatic controls which underlie the healthy histological structure and that cell phenotype is not the result of deterministic biochemical and genetic processes, but rather the stochastic and dynamic outcome of multiple intra- and intercellular regulation networks. This PhD aims to quantitatively study the phenotypic homeostasis of the cell populations and to present an approach to the fundamental question, never heretofore studied, regarding the autonomy versus collective control of cell fate. We studied in the long run, using flow cytometry and in 2D and 3D conditions, the level of expression of CD24 and CD44 of two breast cancer cell lines (SUM149-PT and SUM159-PT). Three phenotypes were isolated (CD24-/CD44+, CD24+/CD44+, CD24-/CD44-), the latter had not previously been documented in the literature. The phenotypic behavior of CD44-low and CD44-high subpopulations has been characterized by assessing their proportion and analyzing the fluorescence map. Thereby, we observed both a periodic behavior of appearance and disappearance of pool of cells characteristics of each cell lines and a phenotypic re-diversification for each subpopulation. Only the resulting population derived from CD24-/CD44- provided the same balance as the original unsorted population. 3D re-diversification process was observed in tumorspheres from CD24-/CD44+ and CD24+/CD44+. The cells CD24-/CD44did not have that potential but nonetheless outlived anoikis. These behaviors suggest that there is an inter-cell coordination regulating the balance of phenotypic proportions. To discover the social rules regulating inter-phenotypic spatial organization, we have set up a reporter of the endogenous variations of CD24 and CD44 and developed a theoretical model of cell interactions. This work has confirmed our hypothesis that inter-cellular social rules are determining the phenotypic expression at both the uni- and multicellular scales
3
Suppa, Michael. "Autonomous robot work cell exploration using multisensory eye-in-hand systems /." Düsseldorf : VDI-Verl, 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/571793746.pdf.
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Horváth, Martin. "Mobilní autonomní fotovoltaický systém." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218312.
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The restoring sources of energy and their development brings the question how these sources can be utilized in the best way. Master`s thesis deals with photovoltaic systems. It describes their history line, actual situation and also brings some expectations in the future. There are mentioned some materials and technologies which are used for its manufacture, conditions of using in practice, advantages and disadvantages and finally a real mobile application of photovoltaic which serves for a production of electricity that is saved in the battery.
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Kalincik, Tomas Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Disturbances of autonomic functions in spinal cord injury: autonomic dysreflexia and thermoregulation." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Medical Sciences, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43516.
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Disorders of the autonomic nervous system constitute serious complications of spinal cord injury (SCI) and their treatment is usually highly prioritised by spinal patients. Among these, autonomic dysreflexia and impaired thermoregulation are potentially life threatening conditions and require effective management. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), progenitor cells and polymeric scaffolds have been tested in animal models of SCI and some of them have been considered for clinical trials. However, evaluation of the effect of such interventions on autonomic functions has received only rudimentary attention and would require a more thorough experimental assessment before the methods are utilised in human patients. This thesis tested two potential therapeutic strategies for autonomic dysreflexia and examined disorders of thermoregulatory functions in a rat model of spinal cord transection. Magnitude and duration of autonomic dysreflexia were evaluated with radio telemetry in spinalised animals treated with (i) implants of OECs and olfactory neurosphere-derived cells seeded in poly(lactic co glycolic) porous scaffolds or with (ii) transplants of OECs alone. (iii) Effects of SCI and of OECs on the morphology of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs; which are involved in pathogenesis of autonomic dysreflexia) stained for NADPH diaphorase were examined. (iv) Doppler ultrasonography and infrared thermography were used to assess responses of tail blood flow and surface temperature to cold. Transplants of OECs alone, but not in combination with olfactory neurosphere-derived cells and polymeric scaffolds, resulted in significantly shortened episodes of autonomic dysreflexia. This may be attributed to the alterations to the morphology of SPNs adjacent to the lesion: a transient increase in the morphometric features of the SPNs was evoked by spinal cord transection and this was further altered by transplantation of OECs. The thesis also showed that local responses of tail blood flow and temperature to cold were not abolished by complete SCI suggesting that temperature homeostasis could still be maintained in response to cold. It is hypothesised that OECs facilitate improved recovery from autonomic dysreflexia through alteration of the morphology of SPNs. Furthermore, it is suggested that the role of the tail in heat conservation can be regulated by mechanisms that are independent of the descendent neural control from supraspinal centres.
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Janáč, Stanislav. "Vývoj ovládacího programového prostředí pro autonomní fotovoltaický systém." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217927.
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The project considers realization system, which allows us to test six different operation modes on lifetime of accumulators. The system will be connected to computer, that will perform measurement of current and voltage and switch betwen charge and discharge modes. The measured values will be recorded in certain time intervals to computer memory. After some time these measured data will be analised and the most optimal operational mode will be set.
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Ovesný, Karel. "Vývoj fukčních bloků pro autonomní fotovoltaický systém." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218858.
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The project considers realization system, which will allow us to test six different operation modes on lifetime accumulators. The system will link to computer, which will execute measurement current and tension and switch betwencharging and discharging modes. The measured values will record in someone time intervals in to computer memory. After someone time will analise these measured valuer and will provide optional operation mode.
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Šćepanović, Danilo (Danilo R. ). "A model of sinoatrial node cell regulation by the autonomic nervous system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68457.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 243-260).<br>The primary function of the heart is to pump blood at a sufficient rate to ensure perfusion of all the organs. This vital task is achieved in large part by controlling the rate of cardiac contractions, which are initiated by cells in the sinoatrial node, the "pacemaker" of the heart. The oscillation rate of these spontaneously active cells is tightly regulated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. Our understanding of sinoatrial node cell function has been greatly advanced by experimental and modeling efforts that quantitatively describe the numerous ionic currents responsible for the cell's spontaneous depolarization and generation of the action potential. Several models have also explored the effect of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity on specific ion channels and have reproduced the classic slowing and acceleration phenomena. However, a complete model of this interaction does not exist: current models lack the ability to simulate simultaneous sympathetic and parasympathetic activation or to reproduce heart rate dynamics in response to time-varying autonomic inputs. We addressed this need by constructing a bottom-up model of sinoatrial node cell regulation by the autonomic nervous system, with a focus on reproducing the full range of heart rates observed under simultaneous sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve stimulation, as well as the dynamic heart rate response to steps in sympathetic or parasympathetic stimulation rate. In constructing our model, we consolidate a large body of experimental data in a consistent mathematical framework. The model comprises 57 nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations based on first principles and the current mechanistic understanding of the component reactions, fits well all the experimental data used to build the model, and reproduces high-level features of the system that were not explicitly fit when building the model. The detailed nature of the model also allows numerous conclusions to be drawn about the mechanisms of heart rate control. A better understanding of these mechanisms in health and disease may enable the development of better diagnostics for cardiovascular disease and more targeted drug design. We also identified a number of limitations in the present model that can be refined through further experimental and numerical efforts.<br>by Danilo Šćepanović.<br>Ph.D.
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Vespalec, Arnošt. "Design autonomní sněžné rolby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318671.
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The subject of this master’s thesis is the design of an autonomous snow groomer intended for the treatment of well-geodetically mapped slopes of ski resorts. Designed design uses an innovative approach to detecting the thickness of a snow cover by an electromagnetic sensor system. The work identifies and presents the concept of solving specific problems of autonomous operation in ski areas, in the form of a design vision. This concept is presented and verified using a parametric model.
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Suppa, Michael. "Autonomous robot work cell exploration using multisensory eye in hand systems." Düsseldorf VDI-Verl, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989488659/04.
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Nout, Yvette Stephanie. "Novel method to study autonomic nervous system function and effects of transplantation of precursor cells on recovery following spinal cord contusion injury." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1141954753.
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De, Roubaix J. A. M. (John Addey Malcolm). "Value, utility and autonomy : a moral-critical analysis of utilitarian positions on the value of prenatal life." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50542.
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Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Problem statement
For utilitarians, human beings have intrinsic moral significance based on only two
acquired characteristics: sentience, or the ability to suffer, and psychological
personhood. Sentience is the entrance-requirement for moral significance, but does not
justify a "right to life" claim; at most a "right" not to suffer. Personhood, described as
some sort of self-conscious awareness with a concept of the future, may justify a "right
to life" claim. However, since personhood is absent in prenatal beings, and only
develops some time after birth, the implication is that such beings have little moral
significance and may, for instance, be killed "at will".
The moral problem that I address in this dissertation is to investigate, assess and
evaluate the utilitarian position on the moral status or value of prenatal life.
Methodology and results
I firstly, on the basis of an extensive literature study, make a detailed analysis of the
utilitarian position with reference to a number of themes that I have identified in their
argument. This is followed by a critical philosophical evaluation of the utilitarian
position, based on six particular arguments:
• Utilitarianism is philosophically incoherent. It over-simplifies the moral
argument in claiming that consequences are all that matter morally. Its
underlying moral theory is at odds with moral claims contained in contemporary
notions of human rights and individual justice. It ignores the moral significance
of special obligations to special groups.
• Utilitarianism potentially has unacceptable consequences. It IS inherently
discriminatory and may lead to legitimate "slippery slope" fears.
• Utilitarianism clashes with our fundamental moral intuitions on the value of
prenatal life. These intuitions are cherished in most world religions.
• Contrary to the utilitarian position, speciesism is inevitable to the human
condition, especially argued from a position of existential phenomenology. Self- constitution, simultaneous constitution of the world as we know it, and the very
possibility of morality are possible only within a particular notion of speciesism.
• The potentiality of pre-persons to develop into persons cannot be as
convincingly ignored as is done by the utilitarian.
• There is a basic and underlying need and intuition to protect vulnerable human
beings, of which pre-persons are exemplars. These notions clash with utilitarian
theory.
As an alternative, I introduce, set out and evaluate a two-phased position on the moral
significance of pre-personal human life, a position of respectfulness of prenatal and
pre-personal human life based upon its humanity, potentiality and separation-viability.
This leads, firstly, to the conclusion of a graded, sliding scale conception of human prepersonal
moral significance in line with the level of development and with the actuation
of potentiality. Secondly, it leads to the conclusion that the advent of separationsurvivability
(viability) is a morally significant cut-off point beyond which the human
fetus may "normally" have a justifiable right to the continuation of its life.
In as far as the application of my argument is concerned, I develop a "moderate"
position with reference to the abortion debate. Whilst I recognize that all human
prenatal beings of which it can be argued that they have a reasonable chance to develop
their intrinsic potentiality, i.e., to become full-fledged persons, should have the
opportunity to do so, I also recognize that neither this position, nor the complexities of
life make it possible to hold "absolute" positions on the justifiability of abortion. I
explore this extremely problematic notion in the text. That having been said, the advent
of separation-survivability may imply a "moral cut-off point", beyond which
termination is only rarely justified. I argue that I find no moral hindrance to wellmotivated
research on human pre-embryos and stem cells.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Probleemstelling
Utilitariste huldig sterk omlynde standpunte oor die waarde van lewe. Hulle redeneer
dat menslike (inderwaarheid, alle lewende) wesens slegs op grond van twee eienskappe
intrinsieke morele waarde kan verwerf: sentiëntisme, d.i. die vermoë om lyding te
ervaar, en persoonstatus. Sentiëntisme is 'n bepalende vereiste vir morele status, maar
regverdig nie 'n "reg op lewe"-aanspraak nie. Persoonsyn, verstaan as 'n vorm van
selfbewustheid tesame met 'n bewuste belang by die voortsetting van eie bestaan, mag
wel so 'n aanspraak regverdig. Voorgeboortelike (en "voorpersoonlike") wesens is
egter nie persone nie; hulle word eers (aansienlik) ná geboorte volwaardige persone.
Die implikasie is dat sulke wesens weinig morele status het, en byvoorbeeld, na
willekeur gedood mag word.
Die morele probleem wat ek in hierdie dissertasie aanspreek is om die utilitaristiese
beskouing ten opsigte van die morale status of waarde van voorgeboortelike lewe
krities-filosofies te ondersoek en te evalueer.
Metodologie en gevolgtrekkings
Eerstens maak ek na aanleiding van 'n gedetaileerde literatuurstudie 'n in-diepte analise
van van die utilitaristiese posisie aan die hand van 'n aantal temas wat ek in hul
argument geïdentifiseer het. Daarna volg 'n krities-filosofiese evaluasie van die
utilitaristiese posisie, aan die hand van ses argumente:
• Utilitarisme is filosofies onsamehangend. Dit oorvereenvoudig die morele
argument deur voor te gee dat gevolge al is wat moreel saakmaak. Die
onderliggende utilitaristiese teorie bots met die morele eise vervat in
kontemporêre sienings van menseregte en geregtigheid. Dit negeer die morele
belangrikheid van spesiale verpligtinge teenoor spesiale belangegroepe.
• Utilitarisme het potensieelonaanvaarbare gevolge. Dit IS inherent
diskriminerend en kan lei tot onkeerbare glybaan ("slippery slope")-argumente. Utilitarisme bots met ons fundamentele morele intuïsies betreffende die waarde
van voorgeboortelike lewe. Hierdie intuïsies word onder meer ondersteun deur
die meeste hoofstroom godsdienste.
• Spesiësisme is, in kontras met die utilitaristiese beskouing, onafwendbaar vir
ons selfverstaan as mense, soos aangetoon kan word met 'n beroep op die
eksistensiële fenomenologie. Self-konstituering, gelyktydige konstituering van
die wêreld van die mens, en selfs die moontlikheid van moraliteit is slegs
moontlik vanuit' n bepaalde spesiësistiese beskouing.
• Die potensialiteit van "pre-persone" om tot volwaardige persone te ontwikkel
kan nie, soos die utilitaris doen, sonder meer geïgnoreer word nie.
• Daar is 'n basiese en onderliggende morele eis om swak en weerlose menslike
wesens te beskerm. Hierdie idees bots lynreg met utilitaristiese teorie.
As 'n alternatief tot die utilitaristiese beskouing, ontwikkel ek 'n twee-fase posisie
betreffende die morele waarde van voorgeboortelike menslike lewe. Ek noem
hierdie posisie agting vir voorgeboortelike en voor-persoonlike menslike lewe
gebaseer op die menslikheid, potensialiteit en oorleefbaarheid van prenatale mense.
Dit lei, eerstens, tot die gevolgtrekking van 'n gegradeerde glyskaal konsepsie van
voor-persoonlike menslike morele waarde, min of meer parallel aan die vlak van
ontwikkeling en die ontwikkeling van potensialiteit. Tweedens lei dit tot die
gevolgtrekking dat die ontwikkeling van lewensvatbaarheid 'n moreel-beduidende
afsnypunt is waarna die menslike fetus "normaalweg" aanspraak kan maak op 'n
reg dat sy lewe voortgesit moet word.
In soverre dit die toepassing van my argument betref, ontwikkel ek 'n "gematigde"
posisie vis-á-vis aborsie. Ek redeneer dat alle menslike voorgeboortelike wesens
wat 'n redelike kans het dat hul intrinsieke potensialiteit verder sal ontwikkel, die
geleentheid daartoe gegun behoort te word. Ek aanvaar ook dat nog hierdie
beskouing, nog die kompleksiteit van die menslike bestaan "absolute" posisies
moreel regverdig. Die problematiek en inherente spanning tussen hierdie
oënskynlik-opponerende posisies word in die teks bespreek. Nogtans beskou ek die
ontwikkeling van lewensvatbaarheid as 'n moreel insiggewende afsnypunt waarna
terminasie net in buitengewone omstandighede moreel regverdigbaar is.
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Habif, Guillaume. "Identification des évènements de signalisation associés à la prolifération autonome induite par le récepteur mutant FLT3-ITD dans les cellules myéloïdes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10327.
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Le récepteur tyrosine kinase FLT3 est impliqué dans le maintien et le renouvellement des cellules souches et des progéniteurs hématopoïétiques. Dans environ 30% des cas de leucémies aiguës myéloïdes, il est activé constitutivement par des mutations, dont les plus fréquentes impliquent une duplication de séquence dans le domaine juxtamembranaire (Internal Tandem Duplication, ou ITD). Des inhibiteurs chimiques de FLT3 ont été développés dans le cadre de thérapies anti-cancéreuses, mais leurs essais cliniques se sont révélés assez décevants avec des effets essentiellement transitoires. Par ailleurs, certaines études ont mis en évidence une signalisation intracellulaire spécifique au mutant FLT3-ITD, comme l’activation spécifique de STAT5a. Ces données soulignent la nécessité d’étudier exhaustivement et en détail la signalisation intracellulaire induite par le récepteur FLT3 et ses mutants oncogéniques dans des modèles pertinents, avec l’espoir d’identifier de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques. Nous avons surexprimé FLT3 et sa forme mutante ITD dans la lignée murine de progéniteurs myéloïdes FDCP-1/Fms. Ce modèle s’est avéré représentatif des processus observés in vivo en termes de survie, de prolifération et de différenciation monocytaire. Nous l’avons alors utilisé dans une approche protéomique pour identifier des protéines différemment phosphorylées et/ou exprimées entre les deux cas. L’utilisation d’ARN interférant et la surexpression des protéines candidates ou de leurs mutants a permis de révéler l’implication fonctionnelle de plusieurs d’entre elles dans la signalisation FLT3, telles que Hcls1, Ezrin, et PAK1 qui sont toutes des régulateurs du cytosquelette<br>The FLT3 receptor is involved in stem cells and myeloid progenitors self renewal processes. In about 30% of the acute myeloid leukemia cases, this receptor is mutated and constitutively active, the most common mutation being duplication of sequences in the juxtamembrane domain (Internal Tandem Duplication, ITD). Many chemical inhibitors of FLT3 have been developed for anti-cancer therapies but the clinical trials were a bit disappointing, showing mainly transient effect on blast reduction. Several studies have shown that FLT3-ITD triggers a different signaling from the wild-type receptor, like the specific activation of STAT5a. These data show the necessity of the exhaustive and detailed study of the intracellular signaling induced by FLT3 and its oncogenic mutants, to identify new therapeutic targets. We have overexpressed wild-type and ITD mutant forms of FLT3 in the murine myeloid progenitors cell line FDCP-1/Fms. This model proved it-self representative of the in vivo processes described in the literature in terms of survival, proliferation and monocytic differentiation. Consequently, we have used it for a proteomic approach to identify differentially expressed and/or phosphorylated proteins depending on FLT3 status. Using RAN interference and overexpression of these identified candidate proteins, we have demonstrated the functional involvement of several of them in FLT3 signaling, including Hcls1, Ezrin, and PAK1, which all regulate the cytoskeleton
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Hedreville, Mona. "Effet de l'exercice physique sur l'activité du système nerveux autonome des porteurs du trait drépanocytaire et des patients atteints de la drépanocytose homozygotte." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0390.
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Sanchez, Samuel, Alexander A. Solovev, Sabine Schulze, and Oliver G. Schmidt. "Controlled manipulation of multiple cells using catalytic microbots." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-138608.
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Self-propelled microjet engines (microbots) can transport multiple cells into specific locations in a fluid. The motion is externally controlled by a magnetic field which allows to selectively load, transport and deliver the cells<br>Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Merighi, Adalberto. "Light and electron microscopical studies on the distribution of peptides and 'classical' neurotransmitters in dorsal root ganglion cells and in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46446.
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Gheno, Alexandre. "Printable and printed perovskites photovoltaic solar cells for autonomous sensors network." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0108/document.
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Ce travail de thèse a pour sujet la conception des cellules solaires photovoltaïques à base de pérovskite hybride par le biais de la technologie d’impression jet d’encre. Les deux premiers chapitres font la présentation du contexte de la thèse, à savoir l’alimentation d’un réseau autonome de capteurs, et passent en revue les aspects scientifiques des technologies jet d’encre et photovoltaïque de nouvelle génération. Le troisième chapitre présente la mise au point d’une cellule photovoltaïque à l’état de l’art et son évolution vers une architecture imprimable à basse température de recuit. La problématique de la stabilité des cellules photovoltaïques à pérovskite est aussi abordée. La dernière partie présente les différents aspects et problématiques de l’impression par jet d’encre des trois couches internes d’une cellule solaire pérovskite. Au terme de ce travail la possibilité d’imprimer des cellules solaires pérovskites avec des rendements supérieurs à 10 % a été démontrée, le tout en condition ambiante et à basse température<br>This thesis is about the design of photovoltaic solar cells based on hybrid perovskite using inkjet printing technology. The first two chapters present the context of the thesis, namely the powering of an autonomous sensor network, and review the scientific aspects of inkjet and photovoltaic technologies. The third chapter presents the development of a state-of-the-art photovoltaic cell and its evolution towards a printable architecture at low annealing temperatures. The problem of the stability of photovoltaic cells with perovskite is also discussed. The last part presents the different aspects and problems of the inkjet printing of the three inner layers of a perovskite solar cell. At the end of this work the possibility of printing perovskite solar cells with efficiencies higher than 10% has been demonstrated, all in ambient conditions and at low temperature
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Xue, Zhi-Gang. "Recherches sur la différenciation du système nerveux periphérique chez les oiseaux : mise en évidence et propriétés des précurseurs de type autonome présents dans les ganglions sensoriels." Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA132008.
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Sanchez, Samuel, Alexander A. Solovev, Sabine Schulze, and Oliver G. Schmidt. "Controlled manipulation of multiple cells using catalytic microbots." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27763.
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Self-propelled microjet engines (microbots) can transport multiple cells into specific locations in a fluid. The motion is externally controlled by a magnetic field which allows to selectively load, transport and deliver the cells.<br>Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Ramond, Adrien. "Conception et réalisation d'une nouvelle architecture multi-entrées multi-sorties pour la gestion de micro puissance dans les systèmes autonomes." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660368.
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L'autonomie énergétique des systèmes embarqués est un frein majeur au développement de l'intelligence ambiante et de l'internet des objets. Cette thèse présente un système générique de gestion de micro-puissance capable d'alimenter un nœud de réseau de capteurs autonomes et communicant sans fil (WSN). L'architecture proposée est basée sur un convertisseur DC/DC abaisseur simple inductance multi-entrées multi-sorties (SI MIMO) associé à un circuit de recherche du point de puissance maximal (MPPT) très basse consommation. Nous montrons dans ce travail que cette famille de convertisseurs permet d'hybrider efficacement plusieurs sources et plusieurs éléments de stockage pour fournir les tensions régulées nécessaires à l'alimentation électrique d'un nœud de WSN. Pour ce faire, et dans le cadre du projet PCB², nous avons réalisé un convertisseur SI MIMO à base de composants discrets ultra basse consommation sur carte PCB. Ce convertisseur interface un récupérateur piézoélectrique, une cellule photovoltaïque et une batterie fine au LIPON (Lithium Phosphorous Oxynitride) enterrée dans le circuit imprimé, pour alimenter un capteur de température enregistreur. Le développement de modèles pour chacun de ces dispositifs et leur implémentation dans un environnement de simulation système en VHDL-AMS a permis, dans un premier temps, de valider le concept présenté, puis, a guidé le travail de conception et d'optimisation du circuit du démonstrateur. Le rendement ainsi obtenu avoisine 55% dans les conditions normales d'utilisation et tend vers 70% lorsque le niveau de puissance qui transite dans le convertisseur dépasse 500 µW.
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Morel, Élodie. "Étude pathophysiologique de la fibrillation atriale : approche multifacette." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00729075.
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La fibrillation atriale (FA) est l'arythmie cardiaque la plus couramment rencontrée en pratique clinique. Sa pathophysiologie étant encore mal connue, elle est difficile à traiter. Plusieurs paramètres ont été décrits comme impliqués dans l'initiation de la fibrillation atriale ; cependant, les mécanismes précis d'initiation de la fibrillation atriale ne sont pas élucidés. Dans cette étude, des approches histologiques, biochimiques, transcriptomiques et génétiques seront abordées afin d'identifier les substrats intervenant dans l'initiation de la fibrillation atriale humaine. Ainsi, il a été mis en évidence des cellules interstitielles de type Cajal au sein des manchons myocardiques des veines pulmonaires pouvant être à l'origine des foyers ectopiques, une possible origine embryonnaire précoce via l'absence d'expression du gène pitx2 chez les patients en fibrillation atriale, une surexpression des voies du système nerveux autonome à la fois adrénergique et cholinergique, une modification du flux potassique du courant IKs via une intervention des protéines régulatrices KCNE et de protéines du cytosquelette musculaire. De plus, une des complications de la fibrillation atriale est la survenue d'accidents vasculaires cérébraux ; il a été montré dans cette étude une surexpression au niveau de l'oreillette gauche du facteur Von Willebrand chez les patients en fibrillation atriale ainsi qu'une augmentation du VEGF sérique dans la forme paroxystique de la fibrillation atriale. Ces nouvelles données permettent d'accroître les connaissances de la fibrillation atriale et d'envisager par la suite la possibilité de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques plus efficaces.
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Chen, Zetao. "Biologically-inspired place recognition with neural networks." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/98550/1/Zetao_Chen_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis explores two aspects of biologically inspired methods for place recognition, a key component of navigation. The first key theme is to explore the multi-scale mapping principles inspired by the recent discovery of overlapping, multi-scale spatial maps in the rodent brain, while the second develops biologically inspired Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for place recognition. We presented a series of studies comprehensively demonstrating for the first time how both a rodent brain-inspired multi-scale mapping system and CNN-based techniques enable state of the art place recognition performance.
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Larsen, Hege Ekeberg. "Neuronal control of cardiac excitability in pro-hypertensive states." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:04d38eb6-ea66-4283-91ab-dd75bca246e9.
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Hypertension is associated with marked cardiac sympathetic over-activity and end organ hyper-responsiveness. The sympathetic dysfunction is caused by aberrant calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) handling resulting in enhanced neurotransmission. However, it remains unclear whether the sympathetic neuron or the myocytes is the primary driver behind the initiation and maintenance of the autonomic phenotype. The work in this thesis characterises the Ca<sup>2+</sup> dysfunction and regulation at the membrane level. Further, it employs physiologically coupled sympathetic neurons and ventricular myocytes to determine the cellular driver of cardiac dysautonomia in the pro-hypertensive state. <b>Chapter 1</b> provides a general overview of the field of autonomic hypertension with a specific focus on the sympathetic control of cardiac excitability. In particular, the role of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and cyclic nucleotides in the facilitation of neurotransmission are explored. <b>Chapter 2</b> details the methods used in this thesis. It provides rationale for the approaches taken to record membrane Ca2+ currents, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and cAMP-activated protein kinase (PKA) activity, and the development and uses of a co-culture of coupled sympathetic neurons and ventricular myocytes. <b>Chapter 3</b> describes the successful development of an effective voltage clamp method to isolate whole cell Ca<sup>2+</sup> currents in sympathetic neurons. It details the issue of space clamp problem when using this technique on peripheral neurons and provides experimental guidance on how to quantify and limit theses issues. <b>Chapter 4</b> identifies that the pro-hypertensive four-week old neurons from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) have significantly larger whole cell Ca<sup>2+</sup> currents when compared to normotensive (Wistar Kyoto-WKY) neurons, that are largely N-type in nature. Restoring the cGMP cyclic nucleotide dysfunction seen in these cells, rescues the ion channel phenotype and bring the Ca<sup>2+</sup> down to levels seen in the normotensive WKY neuron. Further, it identifies that phosphodiesterase (PDE) 2A inhibition differentially affects the currents in the WKY and SHR, further supporting the notion of PDE2A dominance. <b>Chapter 5</b> identifies the presence and functional relevance of cGMP cross-talk with the cAMP-PKA pathway in sympathetic neurons. This cross talk is significantly altered in the pro-hypertensive state, via the differential involvement of PDEs. It functionally identifies the presence of PDE3 and PDE2A and provides further evidence that these enzymes could be dysregulated in pro-hypertensive neurons. <b>Chapter 6</b> describes the use of a co-culture model of ventricular myocytes and sympathetic neurons. Physiological stimulation of the sympathetic neuron with nicotine whilst monitoring cAMP levels in the myocytes confirms that the cellular phenotypes seen in the individual cells are functionally present in the co-culture. Using cross-cultures, it identifies the neuron as the principal driver behind the cardiac sympathetic responses observed in pro-hypertension. The results provide evidence for a dominant role played by the neuron in driving the adrenergic phenotype seen in cardiovascular disease and highlights the potential of using healthy neurons to turn down the gain of neurotransmission, akin to a smart pre-synaptic β-blocker. <b>Chapter 7</b> forms the concluding discussion that summarises the main findings of this thesis and attempt to place it in a clinical context, and highlights avenues of further research. In particular, the possibility of using a cell therapeutic approach to treat sympathetic hyperactivity.
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Testa, Damien. "Contrôler la plasticité du cortex cérébral adulte à travers l'action non-autonome de l'homéoprotéine Otx2 A Mouse Model for Conditional Secretion of Specific Single-Chain Antibodies Provides Genetic Evidence for Regulation of Cortical Plasticity by a Non-cell Autonomous Homeoprotein Transcription Factor Non-cell Autonomous OTX2 Homeoprotein Regulates Visual Cortex Plasticity Through Gadd45b/g." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS234.
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Durant le développement postnatal, l'homéoprotéine Otx2 est préférentiellement internalisée par les interneurones parvalbumine (PV) du cortex visuel et régule la période critique de plasticité de dominance oculaire. La spécificité d'internalisation d'Otx2 est médié par la chondroïtine sulfate de type E (CS-E) qui est un composant de la matrice extracellulaire enrichie en glycosaminoglycanes condensé autour des cellules PV durant la période critique. L'apport constant d'Otx2 chez l'adulte est nécessaire au maintien de l'état non-plastique du cortex. Une réouverture de plasticité est possible en perturbant le transfert d'Otx2. Nous avons développé une lignée de souris transgénique à sécrétion inductible d'anticorps simple chaine dirigés contre Otx2 pour séparer son activité autonome et non-autonome et pour étudier son rôle dans la maturation des cellules PV. Nous avons démontré que cette maturation est possible par une régulation directe des gènes Gadd45b/g par Otx2. Gadd45b contrôle la plasticité et pourrait avoir une influence sur l'état de méthylation de l'ADN et ainsi sur le statut épigénétique des cellules PV. Nous avons aussi développé des peptides, facilement synthétisable, mimant le CS-E et pouvant perturber in vivo le transfert d'Otx2. Les outils de neutralisation d'Otx2 dans le milieu extracellulaire pourraient avoir un pouvoir thérapeutique important<br>During postnatal development, extracellular Otx2 homeoprotein is preferentially internalized by parvalbumin (PV) interneurons of the visual cortex and regulates the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity. The specificity of Otx2 internalization is mediated by chondroitin sulfate type E (CS-E) which is a component of the extracellular matrix enriched in glycosaminoglycans that condenses around PV cells during the critical period. The continuous supply of Otx2 in adults is necessary to maintain a non-plastic state of the cerebral cortex. Thus, a reopening of plasticity is possible by disrupting Otx2 transfer. We developed a transgenic mouse line with inducible secretion of single chain antibodies directed against Otx2 to separate the autonomous and non-autonomous activity in order to study its role in the maturation of cortical PV cells. We found that this maturation involves direct regulation of Gadd45b/g genes by Otx2 and that Gadd45b may control plasticity by influencing the methylation state of DNA and thus the epigenetic status of PV cells. We have also developed easily synthesizable peptides that mimic CS-E and are able to interact in vivo with Otx2 to block its transfer. Tools for neutralizing extracellular Otx2 have significant therapeutic potential for critical period pathologies
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Svoboda, Luděk. "Systém včasné výstrahy před lokální povodní." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219710.
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The aim of this Master's thesis is to design a local flood warning system. The system consists of two basic types of units. The first unit is placed in the field usingsensors and evaluates the presence of water in an otherwise dry area. In the event of flooding sends a warning message using wireless technology. The second unit evaluates the warning messages and informs the personabout the situation via text messaging. Outdoor equipment is fullyautonomous and permanently placed in an outdoor environment. The system is designed based 8-bit microcontrollers. The main parametersinclude low power devices, mechanical durability and reliability.
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Morineau, Céline. "Caractérisation d'un nouveau membre du complexe d'élongation des acides gras chez Arabidopsis thaliana : intéractions métaboliques et régulation développementale." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112420.
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Les acides gras à très longues chaine (VLCFA) sont essentiels dans le développement, particulièrement dans les mécanismes de trafic vésiculaires, de différenciation et division cellulaire. Cependant, le rôle de ces VLCFA dans ces différents processus chez les plantes n’est pas encore bien compris. Afin d’identifier de nouveaux acteurs associés à la biosynthèse ou la fonction des VLCFA, un crible suppresseur multicopies a été réalisé dans un mutant d’élongation des VLCFA de levure. La perte de l’activité déshydratase PHS1 chez la levure et de PASTICCINO2 chez les plantes perturbe la croissance et induit des défauts de cytokinèse. La PROTEIN TYROSIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE (PTPLA) historiquement caractérisée comme une déshydratase inactive est capable de restaurer les défauts de croissance et d’élongation de phs1 mais non de pas2. PTPLA interagit avec plusieurs membres du complexe élongase dans le RE et son absence conduit à l’accumulation 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, signature des déshydratases impliquées dans l’élongation des acides gras. Cependant, la perte de PTPLA conduit à une augmentation des VLCFA, probablement dépendante de PAS2 montrant que PTPLA serait un répresseur potentiel de l’élongation. Les deux déshydratases ont des profils d’expression divergents dans la racine. PAS2 est majoritairement exprimé dans l’endoderme tandis que PTPLA s’exprime uniquement dans les tissus vasculaires et le péricycle. La comparaison de l’expression ectopique de PAS2 et PTPLA dans leur tissus respectif confirme l’existence de deux complexe élongase indépendant associé à PAS2 ou PTPLA et interagissant de manière non cellule autonome. Les cytokinines pourraient constituer le signal entre les deux complexes élongase du fait que la biosynthèse de ces hormones est réprimée par les VLCFA. Les VLCFA répriment ainsi l'expression d'IPT3 dans les racines comme observées pour la partie apicale. Les cytokinines semblent aussi réguler la teneur en VLCFA dans la racine suggérant la présence de boucles de rétrocontrôles entre ces hormones et les VLCFA<br>Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) are involved in plant development and particularly in several cellular processes such as membrane trafficking, cell division and cell differentiation. However, the precise role of VLCFA in these different cellular processes is still poorly understood in plants. In order to identify new factors associated with the biosynthesis or function of VLCFA, a yeast multicopy suppressor screen was carried out in a yeast mutant strain defective for fatty acid elongation. Loss of function of the elongase dehydratase PHS1 in yeast and PASTICCINO2 in plants prevents growth and induces cytokinesis defects. PROTEIN TYROSIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE (PTPLA) previously characterized as an inactive dehydratase was able to restore yeast phs1 growth and VLCFA elongation but not the plant pas2 defects. PTPLA interacted with elongase members in the ER and its absence induced the accumulation of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA as expected from a dehydratase involved in fatty acid (FA) elongation. However, loss of PTPLA function led to increased VLCFA levels, effect that was dependent of the presence of PAS2 indicating that PTPLA activity repressed FA elongation. The two dehydratases have specific expression profiles in the root with PAS2, mostly restricted in the endodermis, while PTPLA was confined in the vascular tissue and pericycle cells. Comparative ectopic expression of PTPLA and PAS2 in their respective domains confirmed the existence of two independent elongase complexes comprising PAS2 or PTPLA that were functionally interacting in a non-cell autonomous manner. A putative regulating signal could involve cytokinins that were described to be regulated by VLCFA. VLCFA were indeed found to repress IPT3 expression in roots like in leaves. Cytokinins were also found to regulate VLCFA levels suggesting the existence of regulatory feedback loops between cytokinins and VLCFA
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Morais, Sharon Del Bem Velloso de. "Efeito das células-tronco mesenquimais na modulação autonômica cardíaca e na sensibilidade do barorreflexo em ratos com insuficiência cardíaca." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17134/tde-09012016-114938/.
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As doenças cardiovasculares estão entre as principais causas de morte, principalmente aquelas decorrentes do infarto do miocárdio (IM). A terapia com células-tronco tem mostrado resultados promissores após o IM em estudos clínicos e experimentais, especialmente as células-tronco mesenquimais (MSC), por apresentarem notável potencial pró-angiogênico, anti-fibrosante e imunomodulador. Entretanto, nenhum estudo foi realizado quanto à variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC), tono autonômico e sensibilidade do barorreflexo, que são considerados fatores de risco apreciáveis, e se encontram atenuados na insuficiência cardíaca (IC) induzida pelo IM. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi examinar o efeito do transplante de MSC de medula óssea sobre a modulação autonômica e a sensibilidade do barorreflexo em ratos com IC, induzida pelo IM. Para isso, foi realizada a ligadura da artéria coronária esquerda em ratos Wistar machos (220-360g), e após dois a três dias foi feita a avaliação da área infartada pelo SPECT. As MSCs foram injetadas, intravenosamente, sete dias pós-IM. A função cardíaca foi analisada pela ventriculografia, antes e um mês após o transplante. Após a reavaliação da ventriculografia, os animais foram submetidos a registros eletrocardiográficos, após receberem eletrodos implantados subcutaneamente no dorso, e cânula na veia jugular esquerda para determinação farmacológica do tono autonômico. Também, foi implantada cânula na artéria femoral para registro da pressão arterial, e análise da sensibilidade do barorreflexo. Logo após os registros, os animais foram sacrificados para coleta do coração e análise histopatológica. Para a infusão, as MSCs foram caracterizadas, segundo critérios da Sociedade Internacional de Terapia Celular. A área de lesão induzida logo após a ligadura da artéria foi semelhante entre os animais. Um mês após o tratamento, o tamanho do infarto foi reduzido no grupo tratado com MSC. Verificou-se redução da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) após a ligadura coronariana, e previamente ao tratamento nos animais com IC. Um mês após a terapia com MSC, ou injeção de salina, não houve melhora da FEVE em ambos os grupos com IC. Os intervalos QT e QTc foram alongados pelo IM, enquanto as MSCs não tiveram efeito nestes parâmetros. A VFC mostrou redução do desvio padrão de valores sucessivos (SDNN) do intervalo RR (iRR) e a raiz quadrada da média da soma dos quadrados das diferenças de valores sucessivos (RMSSD) do iRR pós-IM, enquanto as MSCs preveniram essa redução. Na análise espectral, os espectros do iRR, após o infarto, mostraram potências menores, em unidades absolutas, das bandas de baixa frequência, LF, e alta frequência, HF, enquanto que as MSCs promoveram um aumento destes parâmetros. Os métodos não-lineares da VFC mostraram redução na entropia, e aumento da análise de flutuação depurada de tendência (DFA) do iRR pós-IM. A terapia com MSC preveniu a alteração da entropia e, também, protegeu o DFA. A frequência cardíaca foi semelhante entre os grupos; entretanto, a frequência intrínseca de marca-passo apresentou-se reduzida no grupo IC, enquanto o tratamento com MSC preservou esta atenuação. Foi observado menor tono vagal no grupo IC não tratado, enquanto o tratamento com MSC aumentou o tono vagal. O tono simpático não apresentou diferença entre os grupos. A sensibilidade do barorreflexo à bradicardia foi reduzida na IC, enquanto que as MSC preveniram essa redução. O colágeno intersticial apresentou-se aumentado na IC, mas não no grupo tratado com MSC. A pressão arterial (PA) sistólica, a PA média e os parâmetros da variabilidade da PA: SDNN e LF encontraram-se reduzidas nos grupos com IC, tratados ou não com MSC. Em conjunto, esses dados demonstram que a terapia com MSC reduziu a extensão do infarto e a fibrose intersticial no miocárdio remanescente do ventrículo esquerdo. Além disso, melhorou a modulação autonômica colinérgica do coração, a VFC e a sensibilidade barorreflexa.<br>Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death, especially those resulting from myocardial infarction (MI). Stem cell therapy has shown promising results after MI in both patients and experimental animals, especially those using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which present potential pro-angiogenic, anti-fibrotic and immunomodulatory. However, no studies have been conducted on the heart rate variability (HRV), autonomic tone and baroreflex sensitivity, which are considered risk factors and are attenuated in heart failure (HF) induced by MI. Thus, the main of this study was to examine the effect of bone marrow MSC transplantation on autonomic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity in rats with HF, induced by MI. Therefore, it was performed ligation of the left coronary artery of male Wistar rats (220-360g) and after two to three days, assessment was made of the area infarcted by SPECT. MSC were injected intravenously seven days post-MI. Cardiac function was assessed by ventriculography before and one month after transplantation. After reassessing the ventriculography, the animals underwent electrocardiographic recordings after receiving electrodes implanted subcutaneously on the back, and cannula in the left jugular vein for drug determination of autonomic tone. Also, cannula was implanted in the femoral artery for blood pressure recording and analysis of baroreflex sensitivity. Soon after the records, the animals were sacrificed for collection of the heart and histopathological analysis. For infusion, the MSC were characterized according to the criteria of the International Society for Cellular Therapy. The lesion area induced soon after artery ligation was similar among animals. One month after treatment, infarct size was reduced in the group treated with MSC. A reduction was observed in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after coronary ligation, and prior to treatment in HF animals. One month after the MSC therapy, or saline injection, there was no improvement in LVEF in both groups with HF. The QT and corrected QT intervals were lengthened by IM, while the MSC had no effect on these parameters. HRV showed a reduction in the standard deviation of successive values (SDNN) of the RR interval (RRi), and the root mean square of the successive (RMSSD) RRi after MI, while the MSC prevented this reduction. In spectral analysis, the RRi spectra, after infarction, showed lower power, in absolute units, of the low frequency, LF, and high frequency band, HF, while MSCs promoted an increase in these parameters. Nonlinear methods of HRV showed a reduction in entropy, and increased detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) of RRi, post-MI. The MSC therapy prevented the change of entropy and also protected DFA. Heart rate was similar in both groups; however, the intrinsic heart rate was reduced in HF group, while treatment with MSC preserved this attenuation. A lower vagal tone was observed in HF untreated group, while treatment with MSC increased vagal tone. The sympathetic tone did not differ between groups. The baroreflex sensitivity to bradycardia was reduced in HF, while the MSC prevented this reduction. The interstitial collagen was increased in HF, but not in the group treated with MSC. Systolic blood pressure (BP), the mean BP and parameters of BP variability: SDNN and LF were reduced in the groups with HF, treated or not with MSC. Together, these data demonstrate that MSC therapy reduced the infarct size and interstitial fibrosis in the remaining myocardium of the left ventricle. In addition, the cells improved cholinergic autonomic modulation of the heart, heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity.
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Hierso, Régine. "Implication du stress oxydant dans la physiopathologie de la drépanocytose : crises vaso-occlusives, taux d'anticorps anti-bande 3 et oxydation du globule rouge." Thesis, Antilles, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANTI0045/document.
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A partir du défaut premier de la drépanocytose, la polymérisation de l’hémoglobine S (HbS), se développe toute une série de processus anormaux qui contribuent au développement d’une réponse inflammatoire et d’un stress oxydant dus à une hypoxie-reperfusion traumatisante et à l’auto-oxydation de l’HbS. L’exacerbation du stress oxydatif semble participer de manière active aux mécanismes physiopathologiques de la maladie et jouer un rôle dans la survenue des crises vaso-occlusives (CVO). Les travaux menés dans le cadre de cette thèse avaient pour objectif de mieux documenter les effets délétères du stress oxydant sur le globule rouge et son impact dans le développement des CVO. Nous avons, en premier lieu, évalué in vitro l’impact du stress oxydant sur la rhéologie sanguine des patients drépanocytaires SS et SC à l’aide d’un agent à fort potentiel oxydant, le t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). Nous avons montré que les globules rouges des patients drépanocytaires (GR SS) produisent en présence du TBHP davantage de radicaux libres que les GR provenant de sujets contrôles (GR AA) et que ces GR SS présentent un système de défense anti-oxydant diminué. L’induction d’un stress oxydant accentue les altérations rhéologiques déjà présentes chez les patients drépanocytaires (i.e, déformabilité diminuée, diminution de l’indice d’agrégation, augmentation du seuil de désagrégation) tandis qu’il induit chez les sujets contrôles un profil hémorhéologique altéré proche de celui déjà préexistant chez les patients drépanocytaires. Ces résultats suggèrent que le stress oxydant, en participant aux anomalies hémorhéologiques associées à la drépanocytose, pourrait être l’un des facteurs favorisant la survenue des complications drépanocytaires. Nous nous sommes de plus attachés à documenter directement l’impact du stress oxydant dans le développement des CVO en analysant des prélèvements sanguins provenant de patients drépanocytaires SS en crise et à l’état de base. Il s’agissait : 1) de tester l’hypothèse selon laquelle la protéine bande 3, protéine de la membrane du GR, est une cible majeure des espèces réactives de l’oxygène qui provoquent au niveau de cette protéine l’apparition d’épitopes de senescence reconnus par des auto anticorps anti-bande 3 ; 2) d’évaluer l’évolution de marqueurs moléculaires et cellulaires pro- et anti-oxydants ; 3) d’étudier l’évolution des paramètres hémorhéologiques ; 4) d’explorer l’activité du système nerveux autonome, considéré comme un marqueur potentiel de sévérité. Nous avons mis en évidence au cours des CVO : 1) une exacerbation du stress oxydant ; 2) une diminution du taux d’anticorps anti-bande 3 et une augmentation de la concentration plasmatique de microparticules érythrocytaires, suggérant que ces deux processus sont liés au phénomène de clusterisation de la protéine bande 3 déclenché par le stress oxydant ; 3) une exacerbation des anomalies hémorhéologiques se traduisant par une réduction de la déformabilité érythrocytaire, une augmentation de l’agrégation érythrocytaire et du seuil de désagrégation ; 4) une altération du système nerveux autonome marqué par un retrait de l’activité parasympathique, ce déséquilibre étant accentué au cours des CVO. Les travaux de cette thèse se traduisent par à une meilleure compréhension de la physiopathologie extrêmement complexe de la drépanocytose en précisant l’impact du stress oxydant dans le déclenchement des CVO, première cause d’hospitalisation des sujets drépanocytaires. Les données obtenues, qui mettent en évidence des marqueurs pertinents de ce stress oxydant au cours de la CVO du sujet drépanocytaire, pourront favoriser la mise en œuvre de nouvelles pistes thérapeutiques anti-oxydantes et une amélioration in fine de la prise en charge des patients<br>Besides the primary defect of sickle cell disease, hemoglobin S (HbS) polymerization, other abnormal processes may contribute to the development of an inflammatory response and to an oxidative stress caused by traumatic hypoxia-reperfusion and autoxidation of HbS. The exacerbation of oxidative stress seems to participate actively in the pathophysiology of the disease and play a role in vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC). The aim of this thesis was to document the deleterious effects of oxidative stress on the red blood cell and its impact in the development of VOC. First, we have evaluated the impact of tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress on blood rheology of SS and SC sickle cell patients. We have shown that sickle red blood cells (SS RBC) produce more free radicals in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) than control subject red blood cells (AA RBC). Furthermore, SS RBC have a decreased anti-oxidant defense system. Induction of oxidative stress increases the rheological alterations already present in sickle cell patients (ie, decreased deformability, reduced aggregation, increased disaggregation threshold). In control subjects, oxidative stress induces an altered hemorheological profile close to that already present in sickle cell patients. These results suggest that oxidative stress by modulating the hemorheological abnormalities associated with sickle cell disease, could be one of the factors promoting the occurrence of sickle cell complications. Then, we have studied the impact of oxidative stress in the development of VOC, analyzing blood samples from SS patients in crisis and at steady state. 1) We have tested the hypothesis that the protein band 3 of RBC, is a major target of reactive oxygen species, which cause the appearance of senescence epitopes of this protein recognized by auto anti-band 3 antibodies; 2) We have evaluated pro- and anti-oxidants molecular and cellular markers; 3) We have studied the evolution of hemorheological parameters; 4) We have explored the activity of the autonomic nervous system, seen as a potential marker of severity. Our results show during VOC: 1) an exacerbation of the oxidative stress; 2) a decrease in anti-band 3 antibodies levels and an increase in the plasma concentration of erythrocyte microparticles, suggesting that these two processes are linked to the clustering phenomenon of band 3 protein triggered by oxidative stress; 3) an exacerbation of hemorheological abnormalities resulting in a reduction of SS RBC deformability, increased aggregation and disaggregation threshold; 4) an impairment of the autonomic nervous system marked by a withdrawal of parasympathetic activity and this imbalance is accentuated during VOC. This work allows a better understanding of the complex pathophysiology of sickle cell disease, highlighting the impact of oxidative stress in the development of VOC, the leading cause of hospitalization of sickle cell subjects. The data obtained, which reveal relevant markers of oxidative stress during VOC, could promote the implementation of new antioxidant therapeutic approaches and help improving sickle cell patients care
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Rue, Timothy James. "Modular Vehicle Design Concept." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51219.
Full textAbstract:
Outlined herein is the Modular Vehicle [MODV] concept as a cost effective, utilitarian, and
highly functional vehicle concept for the changing demands placed on a MAGTF [Marine
Air-Ground Task Force] or SP-MAGTF [Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force] in
the 21st century. A large focus is put on the importance of modularity and cost effectiveness
of having a 24 hour configurable vehicle to a specific mission and area of operation.
Off-road vehicle progression through history is presented and successful design features are
noted in order to develop underlying goals for the modular vehicle. The thesis emphasizes
recent technology advancements that can shift the foundations of vehicle design including
wheel hub motors, high capacity batteries, solid oxide fuel cells, autonomy, structural health
monitoring, energy harvesting shock absorbers, non-pneumatic tires, and drive-by-wire options.
Predictions on the outlook for the technology progressions is discussed to give insight
into the viability of basing a vehicle concept on these technologies. Finally, physical design
bounds are presented to provide a foundation for the future design of such a vehicle.<br>Master of Science
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Wixner, Jonas. "Gastrointestinal disturbances in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-88745.
Full textAbstract:
Background Transthyretin amyloid (ATTR) amyloidosis is a systemic disorder caused by amyloid deposits formed by misfolded transthyretin (TTR) monomers. Two main forms exist – wild-type and hereditary ATTR amyloidosis, the latter associated with TTR gene mutations. Wild-type ATTR amyloidosis has a late onset and primarily cardiac manifestations, whereas hereditary ATTR amyloidosis is a rare autosomal dominant condition with a considerable phenotypic diversity. Both disorders are present all over the world, but endemic areas of the hereditary form are found in Sweden, Portugal, Brazil and Japan. Gastrointestinal (GI) complications are common in hereditary ATTR amyloidosis and play an important role in the patients’ morbidity and mortality. Malfunction of the autonomic and enteric nervous systems has been proposed to contribute to the GI disturbances, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The aims of this thesis were to assess the prevalence of GI disturbances for different subtypes of ATTR amyloidosis, to further explore the mechanisms behind these disturbances, and to evaluate the outcome of the patients’ GI function after liver transplantation, which currently is the standard treatment for hereditary ATTR amyloidosis. Methods The Transthyretin Amyloidosis Outcomes Survey (THAOS) is the first global, multicenter, longitudinal, observational survey that collects data on patients with ATTR amyloidosis. THAOS enrollment data were used to assess the prevalence of GI symptoms and to evaluate their impact on nutritional status (mBMI) and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D Index Score). Data from routine investigations of heart-rate variability and cardio-vascular response to tilt tests were utilized to evaluate the impact of autonomic neuropathy on the scintigraphically measured gastric emptying half-times in Swedish patients with hereditary ATTR amyloidosis. Gastric wall autopsy specimens from Japanese patients with hereditary ATTR amyloidosis and Japanese non-amyloidosis controls were analyzed with immunohistochemistry and computerized image analysis to assess the densities of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and nervous tissue. Data from gastric emptying scintigraphies and validated questionnaires were used to evaluate the outcome of Swedish patients’ GI function after liver transplantation for hereditary ATTR amyloidosis. Results Sixty-three percent of the patients with TTR mutations and 15 % of those with wild-type ATTR amyloidosis reported GI symptoms at enrollment into THAOS. Subsequent analyses focused on patients with TTR mutations and, among them, unintentional weight loss was the most frequent symptom (32 %) followed by early satiety (26 %). Early-onset patients (<50 years of age) reported GI symptoms more frequently than late-onset cases (70 % vs. 50 %, p <0.01), and GI symptoms were more common in patients with the V30M mutation than in those with non-V30M mutations (69 % vs. 56 %, p <0.01). Both upper and lower GI symptoms were significant negative predictors of nutritional status and health-related quality of life (p <0.01 for both). Weak but significant correlations were found between gastric emptying half-times and the function of both the sympathetic (rs = -0.4, p <0.01) and parasympathetic (rs = -0.3, p <0.01) nervous systems. The densities of c-Kit-immunoreactive ICC were significantly lower in the circular (median density 0.0 vs. 2.6, p <0.01) and longitudinal (median density 0.0 vs. 1.8, p <0.01) muscle layers of the gastric wall in patients compared to controls. Yet, no significant differences in protein gene product 9.5-immunoreactive nervous cells were found between patients and controls either in the circular (median density 3.0 vs. 6.8, p = 0.17) or longitudinal (median density 1.4 vs. 2.5, p = 0.10) muscle layers. Lastly, the patients’ GI symptoms scores had increased slightly from before liver transplantation to the follow-ups performed in median two and nine years after transplantation (median score 7 vs. 10 vs. 13, p <0.01). However, their gastric emptying half-times (median half-time 137 vs. 132 vs. 125 min, p = 0.52) and nutritional statuses (median mBMI 975 vs. 991 vs. 973, p = 0.75) were maintained at follow-ups in median two and five years after transplantation. Conclusion GI disturbances are common in hereditary ATTR amyloidosis and have a negative impact on the patients’ nutritional status and health-related quality of life. Fortunately, a liver transplantation appears to halt the progressive GI involvement of the disease, although the patients’ GI symptoms tend to increase after transplantation. An autonomic neuropathy and a depletion of gastrointestinal ICC seem to contribute to the GI disturbances, but additional factors must be involved.
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Sun, Jun. "Study of neuronal networks and mechanisms implicated in locomotor reactivity and Parkinson's disease pathogenesis in the Drosophila model." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS434.
Full textAbstract:
La maladie de Parkinson (MP) est un trouble moteur neurodégénératif progressif, caractérisé par la perte des neurones dopaminergiques (DA) de la substance noire et la présence d'inclusions cytoplasmiques composées principalement de synucléine α (syn α), appelées corps de Lewy. Les objectifs de mon travail de thèse étaient de caractériser un modèle de la MP développé chez la drosophile afin de comprendre comment l'accumulation de syn α dans les neurones DA peut perturber progressivement la locomotion et de rechercher de nouvelles protéines neuroprotectrices. Nous avons d'abord identifié des réseaux cérébraux impliqués dans la modulation de la réactivité locomotrice chez la drosophile, qui incluent des sous-ensembles de neurones DA associés aux corps pédonculés. Nous avons ensuite obtenu des évidences que l'expression de la syn α dans les neurones DA perturbe la dynamique mitochondriale à la fois dans ces neurones eux-mêmes et, par un processus non-autonome cellulaire, dans les neurones-cibles cholinergiques des corps pédonculés. Enfin, nous montrons que la protéine Argonaute Piwi est induite par le stress oxydatif et a un effet neuroprotecteur dans un modèle de MP sporadique chez la drosophile. Dans l’ensemble, ces travaux mettent en lumière des mécanismes pathologiques et neuroprotecteurs qui pourraient constituer de nouvelles cibles pour le traitement thérapeutique de la MP<br>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative motor disorder, characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra and the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions composed mainly of α-synuclein (α-syn), called Lewy bodies. The objectives of my thesis work were to characterize a PD model developed in Drosophila in order to understand how the accumulation of α-syn in DA neurons can progressively disturb locomotion and to search for new neuroprotective proteins. We first identified brain networks involved in modulating locomotor reactivity in Drosophila, which include subsets of DA neurons associated with the mushroom bodies. We then obtained evidence that the expression of α-syn in DA neurons disrupts mitochondrial dynamics both in these neurons themselves and, through a non-cell-autonomous process, in their cholinergic target neurons of the mushroom bodies. Finally, we show that the Argonaute Piwi protein is induced by oxidative stress and has a neuroprotective effect in a sporadic PD model in Drosophila. Our evidence suggests that Piwi could delay neuronal aging and PD progression by reducing deleterious transcription of transposable elements. Overall, these studies highlight pathological and neuroprotective mechanisms that may constitute novel targets for the therapeutic treatment of PD
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Oliveira, Dilton Dantas de. "Uma arquitetura baseada na teoria do perigo para predição de ataques de segurança em redes autonômicas." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3356.
Full textAbstract:
The growth in the number of connected devices, in the volume of data traffic and of applications used has shown a significant increase in the complexity of today's networks,
leaving the activity of management increasingly difficult for network and system administrators. Management aspects, such as the security of these systems has been a major
challenge faced by the researchers, especially considering that, in parallel, there has been also a significant increase in the degree of sophistication of malicious activities. This scenario requires the development of sophisticated security systems also, in order to prevent or contain attacks increasingly destructive to systems, such as worm attacks. And the biological inspiration has been a main ally in this endeavor, bringing several concepts and new ways of thinking and solving these problems. This work used the bio-inspired concepts of Autonomic Networks (self-managing networks inspired by the functioning of the human nervous system)and Artificial Immune Systems (computer security systems inspired by the functioning of the human immune system), to define a management architecture for network self-protection, through the prediction of security attacks. This architecture incorporates the Danger Theory immune-inspired model and uses its Dendritic Cells algorithm to correlate events and detect anomalies. The architecture analysis was performed on an Early Warning System, which uses notifications received from worm already infected machines as additional information to identify the imminence of an infection in still vulnerable machines. In the experiments the gain in time obtained with this early identification was used in the Conficker worm propagation model and the results showed a reduction in the number of infected machines and, consequently, in the worm propagation across a network<br>O crescimento do número de dispositivos conectados, do volume de dados trafegados e das aplicações utilizadas tem evidenciado um aumento importante na complexidade das redes
atuais, deixando a atividade de gerência cada vez mais difícil para os administradores de redes e sistemas. Aspectos de gerência, como a segurança desses sistemas tem sido um dos
principais desafios enfrentados pelos pesquisadores, principalmente, considerando que, em paralelo, observa-se um também importante aumento no grau de sofisticação das atividades maliciosas. Tal cenário exige o desenvolvimento de sistemas de segurança igualmente sofisticados, com o intuito de impedir ou conter ataques cada vez mais destrutivos aos
sistemas, como os ataques de worms. E a inspiração biológica tem sido uma das grandes aliadas nesta empreitada, trazendo diversos conceitos e novas formas de pensar e resolver
esses problemas. Este trabalho utilizou os conceitos bio-inspirados das Redes Autonômicas (redes autogerenciáveis inspiradas nos funcionamento do sistema nervoso humano) e dos
Sistemas Imunes Artificiais (sistemas de segurança computacional inspirados no funcionamento do sistema imunológico humano), para definir uma arquitetura de gerência
para autoproteção de redes, através da predição de ataques de segurança. Tal arquitetura incorpora o modelo imuno-inspirado da Teoria do Perigo e utiliza o seu Algoritmo das Células Dendríticas para correlacionar eventos e detectar anomalias. A análise da arquitetura foi realizada em um Sistema de Alerta Antecipado, que usa notificações recebidas de máquinas já infectadas por worm como informação adicional para identificar a iminência de uma infecção em máquinas ainda vulneráveis. Nos experimentos o ganho de tempo obtido com essa identificação precoce foi utilizado no modelo de propagação do worm Conficker e os resultados apontaram uma redução no número de máquinas infectadas e, consequentemente, na propagação deste worm em uma rede
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Ribera, Melissa Chaves Vieira. "Modulação autonômica cardíaca em crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6136/tde-17072017-165426/.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução - Alterações cardíacas na anemia falciforme (AF) são frequentes e iniciam-se precocemente. Há evidências de que exista também disfunção na regulação do sistema nervoso autônomo o que pode contribuir com eventos de morbidade. Objetivos Avaliar a modulação autonômica cardíaca por meio da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme. Método - Estudo analítico no qual foi realizada uma comparação da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em 45 crianças e adolescentes, menores de 20 anos, com anemia falciforme, com um grupo controle pareado um a um por idade e sexo. A frequência cardíaca foi obtida pelo frequencímetro de pulso e analisada, batimento a batimento. Estes pacientes são usuários do ambulatório de hematologia pediátrica do Sistema Único de Saúde. Esta pesquisa está em consonância com a resolução 466/2012 do Ministério da Saúde. Resultados - Observamos diferença significativa nos índices do domínio da frequência (VLF, LF, HF e LF/HF). Estas diferenças não foram observadas nos pacientes em uso de hidroxiureia. Conclusão - Existe uma disfunção autonômica na AF que ocorre desde a infância, podendo estar relacionada a uma menor modulação do simpático e uma maior modulação do parassimpático. Esta diferença não foi observada em pacientes em uso de hidroxiureia<br>Introduction - Cardiac changes in sickle cell disease (AF) are frequent and begin early. There is evidence that there is also dysfunction in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system, which may contribute to morbidity events. Objectives - To evaluate the autonomic cardiac modulation by heart rate variability in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia. Method - An analytical study comparing the heart rate variability of 45 children and adolescents, younger than 20 years, with sickle cell anemia, with a control group matched one by one by age and sex. The heart rate was obtained by pulse frequency and analyzed, beat by beat. These patients are attending the pediatric hematology outpatient of the National Health System. Results - We observed a significant difference in the frequency domain indexes (VLF, LF, HF and LF / HF). The results of this study are in agreement with resolution 466/2012 of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. These differences were not observed in patients taking hydroxyurea. Conclusion - There is an autonomic dysfunction in AF that occurs from childhood, and may be related to a lower modulation of the sympathetic and greater modulation of the parasympathetic. This difference was not observed in patients taking hydroxyurea
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Júnior, Evilásio Leobino da Silva. "Expressão de receptores adrenérgicos do sistema nervoso autônomo e dos marcadores de células tipo-Cajal na fibrilação atrial permanente humana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-06112015-155839/.
Full textAbstract:
A fibrilação atrial (FA) é a arritmia cardíaca mais comum na prática clínica e que apresenta a maior morbidade, principalmente com o avançar da idade. O sistema nervoso autonômico, particularmente o balanço adrenérgico/colinérgico, tem profunda influência na ocorrência de fibrilação atrial. A FA pode ser gerada e mantida por uma variedade de mecanismos eletrofisiológicos e uma mudança na atividade autonômica poderá afetar cada um deles de forma diferente. Além do sistema nervoso autônomo, simpático e parassimpático, envolvidos na gênese e manutenção da FA, já é sabido que existem vários outros fatores envolvidos e, dentre eles, as células intersticiais tipo-Cajal (CITC), semelhantes às células intersticiais que contribuem para a atividade motora peristáltica do trato gastrointestinal. Essas células foram encontradas no miocárdio atrial e ventricular, e poderiam ser a origem da atividade deflagradora de focos elétricos ectópicos geradores de FA. O presente estudo teve como objetivos analisar possíveis alterações na expressão miocárdica dos receptores beta-adrenérgicos e quantificar as células intersticiais tipo-Cajal nos átrios de corações humanos, em particular, no esquerdo, e sua relação com a fibrilação atrial permanente (FAP). Para o primeiro objetivo, foram estudados 19 casos de corações de autópsias de portadores de FAP e cardiopatia crônica definida (grupo I), e 19 corações pareados com as mesmas cardiopatias, porém sem evidências de qualquer arritmia supraventricular (grupo II). Foram ressecadas uma amostra no teto do átrio direito, duas no átrio esquerdo, e uma em terminação nervosa envolvida em tecido gorduroso no epicárdio do átrio esquerdo (fat-pad). A expressão miocárdica dos receptores beta-adrenérgicos 1 a 3 e da quinase-5 do receptor adrenérgico acoplado à proteína G (GRK5) foi avaliada pela proporção positiva no miocárdio nos cortes citados. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos quando analisamos a expressão dos receptores adrenérgicos (beta-1, beta-2, beta-3 e GRK5), independentemente do uso ou não de beta-bloqueador. Para o segundo objetivo, foram estudados 6 casos de corações de autópsias de portadores de FAP e cardiopatia crônica definida (grupo I), e 6 corações pareados com as mesmas cardiopatias, porém sem evidências de qualquer arritmia supraventricular (grupo II). As CITC foram avaliadas na região média da parede diafragmática do átrio esquerdo. Não houve alterações estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos estudados, quando avaliamos o número de células positivas no miocárdio pela área do miocárdio em mm2, o número de células positivas no corte inteiro pela área do miocárdio em mm2 ou o número de células positivas no corte inteiro/área do corte inteiro em mm2, seja em relação a cada corte individualmente, ao átrio esquerdo isoladamente e a todos os cortes juntos. Em conclusão, nem alterações na expressão de receptores beta-adrenérgicos nem a presença de células tipo-Cajal parecem ter maior papel na patogênese da fibrilação atrial permanente<br>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice, presenting the highest morbidity, especially with advancing age. The autonomic nervous system, particularly the adrenergic/cholinergic balance, has a profound influence on the occurrence of AF. AF can be generated and maintained through a variety of electrophysiological mechanisms, and a change in autonomic activity may affect each of mechanism differently. In addition to the autonomous, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nervous systems involved in the genesis and maintenance of AF, there are several other factors known to be involved, including the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), similar to the interstitial cells that contribute to the peristaltic motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract. These cells were found in the atrial and ventricular myocardium, and could be the source of the triggering activity of ectopic electrical foci that generate AF. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the possible changes in the myocardial expression of beta-adrenergic receptors and to quantify ICCs in the atria of human hearts, in particular in the left atrium, and its relation with permanent AF (PAF). For the first objective, we studied 19 hearts from autopsies of patients with PAF and defined chronic cardiomyopathy (group I), and 19 paired hearts with the same cardiomyopathy but without evidence of any supraventricular arrhythmia (group II). A tissue sample from the ceiling of the right atrium, two from the left atrium, and one from the nerve ending involved in the adipose tissue in the epicardium of the left atrium (fat pad) were resected. The myocardial expression of beta-adrenergic receptors 1 and 3, and of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) was assessed according to the positive proportion in the myocardium in the mentioned sections. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the expression of adrenergic receptors (beta-1, beta-2, beta-3, and GRK5), regardless of the use or nonuse of beta-blockers. For the second objective, six hearts from autopsied patients with PAF and defined chronic cardiopathy (group I) were studied, along with six paired hearts with the same cardiopathies but without evidence of any supraventricular arrhythmia (group II). The ICCs were evaluated in the middle region of the diaphragmatic wall of the left atrium. There were no statistically significant changes between the groups when we evaluated the number of positive cells in the myocardium by area of the myocardium in mm2, the number of positive cells in the full section by area of the myocardium in mm2, or the number of positive cells in the full section/area of the full section in mm2, be it in relation to each section individually, the left atrium alone, or all sections together. In conclusion, neither changes in the expression of beta-adrenergic receptors nor the presence of ICCs seem to have a large role in the pathogenesis of permanent AF
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Souza, Pamella Ramona Moraes de. "Influência da desnervação seletiva dos barorreceptores e quimiorreceptores nas variáveis hemodinâmicas e morfofuncionais dos tecidos cardíaco e músculo-esquelético em ratos espontaneamante hipertensos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-20052014-104228/.
Full textAbstract:
A hipertensão arterial (HA) é uma doença multifatorial na qual há a interação de vários mecanismos, e está relacionada com alterações funcionais e/ou estruturais dos órgãos-alvo. Alterações funcionais dos mecanismos regulatórios da pressão arterial (PA) a curto prazo, como os barorreceptores e os quimiorreceptores, vem sendo bastante exploradas com o objetivo de entender os possíveis mecanismos que podem estar relacionadas à gênese da HA. Diante disso, utilizamos o modelo experimental de desnervação sinoaórtica (DSA) e desnervação seletiva desses aferentes (aórtica DA) e/ou carotídea (DC) e a ligadura da artéria do corpúsculo carotídeo (LA) para avaliarmos a importância relativa dos barorreceptores e quimioreceptores no controle neurogênico da circulação mediando respostas cardíacas e músculo-esqueléticas na HA. Para tanto, utilizamos ratos Wistar (CTR) e espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) submetidos às diferentes desnervações (SHRDSA/ SHRDA / SHRDC), bem como, a ligadura da artéria do corpúsculo carotídeo (SHRLA). Os animais foram acompanhados durante 10 semanas após as desnervações seletivas, e em seguida foram realizadas as avaliações ecocardiográficas, gasometria arterial, hemodinâmicas, autonômicas e de fluxo sanguíneo regional. Posteriormente, os animais foram eutanasiados para a coleta dos tecidos para as avaliações gênicas e histológicas. Resultados: Os animais SHR apresentaram disfunções hemodinâmicas, autonômicas e gasométricas (alcalose respiratória) quando comparado ao grupo CTR, assim como nas análises de hipertrofia, fluxo e histologia do músculo esquelético, como transição no fenótipo para um perfil mais glicolítico no sóleo e aumento da área de secção transversa das fibras do tipo I e redução das fibras do tipo IIB no músculo diafragma. Nos grupos experimentais hipertensos, os animais com prejuízo do quimiorreflexo (SHRDC, SHRLA e SHRDSA), apresentaram valores maiores de pCO2 em relação ao grupo SHR e SHRDA. Todos os grupos com as diferentes desnervações apresentaram alterações autonômicas, de fluxo sanguíneo e de capilarização. Entretanto, nossos maiores achados foram em relação ao grupo SHRDA, que apresentou valores significativamente maiores que o grupo SHR nos parâmetros PAS (212±2 vs 200±3), PAD (156±4 vs 144±3) PAM (185±9 vs 172±3) e FC (377±4 vs 350±7). Além disso, apresentou aumento da variabilidade da PA (VPAS), bem como o simpático periférico (BFPAS), contrariamente ao observado nos grupos SHRDC e SHRLA em relação ao grupo SHR. No controle autonômico da FC, o grupo SHRDA apresentou menor efeito parassimpático e maior efeito simpático em relação ao grupo SHR. Já os grupos SHRDC e SHRLA apresentaram um menor efeito parassimpático, sem alterações no efeito simpático, embora a resistência vascular periférica estivesse aumentada no grupo SHRLA. As adaptações morfofuncionais cardíacas (ecocardiografia e marcadores de hipertrofia cardíaca) foram mais evidentes no grupo que apresentava disfunção total de ambos receptores (SHRDSA). Conclusão: A ausência do controle reflexo exercido predominantemente pelos barorreceptores arteriais demonstrou uma maior influência do componente aórtico do que o carotídeo sobre a PA. Em adição, a função sistólica parece maior nos grupos SHRDA e SHRDSA, sugerindo que a desnervação aórtica esteja associada com ativação simpática. Não se observou alteração cardíaca na desnervação carotídea. Em relação ao músculo esquelético, todas as desnervações mostraram aumento de capilarização, enquanto somente o grupo SHRDSA mostrou redução de fibras intermediárias. O aumento de capilarização pode estar associado com a liberação do simpático periférico nas desnervações que incluem a retirada dos barorreceptores aórticos, levando ao aumento de VPA e à ausência dos quimiorreceptores nos grupos com desaferentação dos receptores carotídeos<br>Arterial hypertension (AH) is a multifactorial disease on which there is the interaction of several mechanisms , therefore is related to functional and / or structural changes of the target organ . Functional changes of the regulatory mechanisms of blood pressure (BP) in the short term , as pressoreceptor and chemoreceptors, has been extensively explored in order to understand the possible mechanisms that may be related to the genesis of hypertension. Thus, we used the experimental model of sinoaortic denervation (DSA) and selective denervation of those afferent aortic (DA) and / or carotid (DC) and the ligature of the carotid body artery (LA) to evaluate the relative importance of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors on control of neurogenic circulation mediating cardiac and musculoskeletal responses in HA. There by, we used Wistar rats (CTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) subjected to different denervation (SHRDSA / SHRDA / SHRDC) and the ligature of the carotid body artery (SHRLA). The animals were followed for 10 weeks after the selective denervation it was performed echocardiographic evaluations, blood gas, hemodynamic, autonomic and regional blood flow. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized for tissue collection for genetic and histological evaluations. Results: SHR animals showed hemodynamic, autonomic dysfunction and gas exchange (respiratory alkalosis) compared to CTR group as well as the analysis of hypertrophy, flow and histology of skeletal muscle, such as the transition to a more glycolytic phenotype profile in soleus and increased cross-sectional area of type I fibers and reduction of type IIB fibers in the diaphragm . In hypertensive experimental groups, animals with prejudice chemoreflex (SHRDC, SHRLA and SHRDSA) , showed higher pCO2 compared to SHR and SHRDA group. All groups with different denervation showed autonomic changes in blood flow and capillarization. However, our major findings were compared to SHRDA group, which was significantly higher than the SHR in SBP (212 ± 2 vs 200 ± 3), DBP (156 ± 4 vs 144 ± 3), MAP (185 ± 9 vs 172 ± 3) and HR (377 ± 4 vs 350 ± 7) parameters. Furthermore, we showed an increase in BP variability (BPV) and in the peripheral sympathetic (BFPAS), otherwise showed in the groups SHRDC and SHRLA compared to SHR . Autonomic control of HR, the SHRDA group showed lower sympathetic and higher parasympathetic effect effect in relation to SHR. Already SHRDC and SHRLA groups had a lower parasympathetic effect without changes in sympathetic, although peripheral vascular resistance was increased in SHRLA group. The cardiac morphofunctional adaptations (echocardiography and cardiac hypertrophy markers) were more evident in the group that had total dysfunction of both receptors (SHRDSA). Conclusion: The absence of reflex control exerted by arterial baroreceptors predominantly showed a greater influence of the aortic component of the carotid on BP. In addition, systolic function appears higher in groups SHRDA and SHRDSA, suggesting that aortic denervation is associated with sympathetic activation. No cardiac abnormality was observed in the carotid denervation. Regarding skeletal muscle, all denervations showed an increased of capillarization, while only SHRDSA group showed reduction of intermediate fibers. Increased capillarization may be associated with the release of the peripheral sympathetic denervation, including removal of the aortic baroreceptors, leading to increased VPA and the absence of chemoreceptors in groups with deafferentation of the carotid receptors
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Koton, Jaroslav. "Syntéza a analýza obvodů s moderními aktivními prvky." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233476.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation thesis deals with the synthesis and design of active frequency filters using current (CC) and voltage (VC) conveyors, or current active elements CMI (Current Mirror and Inverter), MCMI (Multi-output CMI) and PCA (Programmable Current Amplifier). As introduction, these active elements are described as suitable for the design of the circuits working in the voltage-, current,- ,and mixed-mode, or in pure current-mode speaking about the current active elements. The new frequency filter structures presented in this thesis using the above mentioned active elements were designed by the generalized autonomous circuit method, transformation cells and signal flow-graph theory. The generalized autonomous circuit method is based on full admittance network to which generalized active elements are connected. The described admittance networks can be used for other active elements. The next method is based on the transformation cells that subsequently are used for the design of synthetic elements with higher-order imittance. Original conditions for the design of such blocks are given that lead to maximal simplicity of the final structure with minimal number of passive and active elements. For effective usage of another method utilizing signal flow-graphs, new reduced graphs of chosen active elements are given. Their usage leads to direct function blocks synthesis with required properties. The functionality and behavior of chosen circuit solutions have been verified by analyses in simulation programs. The active elements were simulated by the universal current conveyor (UCC) or universal voltage conveyors (UVC) that were designed at the FEEC, BUT in cooperation with AMI Semiconductor Design Centre Brno with the CMOS 0.35 m technology. These active elements have been also used for the realization of chosen filter structures. The experimental measurements were performed in the in the frequency range 10 KHz to 100 MHz.
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Mouafo, Zanguim Idriss. "Dimensionamento del Sistema Propulsivo Elettrico Puro di un Velivolo Cessna 172k." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18702/.
Full textAbstract:
L'industria automobilistica è in anticipo rispetto all'aviazione per quanto riguarda l’applicazione del sistema di propulsione elettrico puro. Anche se esistono similitudini tra i due settori, differenze come intervalli di temperature operative, limiti di peso e requisiti di sicurezza rendono necessario lo studio in modo separato dello spazio di progettazione del sistema di propulsione. Gli strumenti di progettazione degli aeromobili tradizionali, non sono in grado di spiegare e modellare i significativi cambiamenti inerenti agli aeromobili progettati attorno ai sistemi di propulsione elettrica. I sistemi dipendenti dalla batteria, ad esempio, non hanno un significativo cambiamento di peso durante il volo, rendendo inutilizzabili le numerose routine di calcolo delle variazioni del peso dell'aeromobile a causa della riduzione della combustione del carburante. Lo scopo di questa tesi è di analizzare la possibilità di implementare un sistema di propulsione elettrica su un aereo leggero e discutere le questioni che dovrebbero essere ulteriormente modificate, se ce ne sono, affinché le sue prestazioni corrispondano il più fedelmente possibile al modello non modificato. Per poterlo fare, è stata condotta un'approfondita ricerca sullo stato attuale di sviluppo delle tecnologie utilizzate in questo tipo di applicazione, prestando particolare attenzione ai miglioramenti apportati negli ultimi anni vista la relativa novità di questa tecnologia di propulsione. Più precisamente si tratta di modificare o sostituire l’attuale sistema di propulsione convenzionale di un CESSNA 172K con un sistema propulsivo elettrico puro e di valutare i consumi energetici e le prestazioni di volo per una data missione.
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Chaar, Laiali Jurdi El. "Hipertensão arterial e disfunção autonômica induzidas por dieta hiperlipídica: papel do CART e de fatores inflamatórios em núcleos autonômicos do sistema nervoso central." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-05092016-160200/.
Full textAbstract:
Obesidade é fator de risco para a hipertensão arterial e os mecanismos envolvidos nesta doença não são totalmente esclarecidos. Camundongos C57BL/6J e transgênicos com com deleção em neurônios e glia da via inflamatória do receptor toll-like-NFκB foram submetidos à dieta hiperlipídica (HL) por 8 e 15 semanas e avaliados parâmetros metabólicos, pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca, atividade do sistema nervoso autônomo, fatores inflamatórios e neuropeptídeos no hipotálamo e no tronco encefálico. Os camundongos expostos HL desenvolveram hipertensão arterial acompanhada de disfunção autonômica e aumento de CART no DMH. Os animais transgênicos quando submetidos à dieta HL desenvolveram um quadro de obesidade, porém não apresentaram hipertensão arterial e disfunção autonômica. Além disso, o grupo de animais HL aumentou o RNAm de CCL5 no hipotálamo e de CD86 no tronco-encefálico e a densidade de microglia no NTS caudal. Os resultados sugerem novos mecanismos para a hipertensão e disfunção autonômica secundárias à ingestão de dieta hiperlipídica mostrando o papel do CART o DMH e o envolvimento da via inflamatória do TLR-NFκB em neurônios e glia nos mecanismos desta patologia.<br>Obesity is a risk factor for high blood pressure and the mechanisms involved in this disease are not fully clarified. C57BL/6J and transgenic mice with toll-like-NFκB receptor inflammatory- pathway deletion in neurons and glia were fed with high-fat diet (HL) for 8 or 15 weeks and assessed metabolic parameters, blood pressure, heart rate, autonomic nervous system activity, inflammatory factors and neuropeptides in the hypothalamus and brainstem. The HL mice developed hypertension accompanied with autonomic dysfunction and increased CART in DMH. Transgenic animals when submitted to HL diet developed obesity, but not showed high blood pressure and autonomic dysfunction. In addition, HL animals had increased CCL5 mRNA in hypothalamus, CD86 mRNA in brainstem and micróglia density in caudal NTS. The results suggest new mechanisms for hypertension and autonomic dysfunction secondary to intake of high-fat diet by showing CART role in DMH and the involvement of the inflammatory pathway TLR-NFκB in neurons and glia.
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Berrebi, Johanna. "Contribution à l'intégration d'une liaison avionique sans fil. L'ingénierie système appliquée à une problématique industrielle." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00800141.
Full textAbstract:
Dans un avion, un hélicoptère ou un lanceur actuel, des milliers de capteurs, pour la plupart non critiques sont utilisés pour la mesure de divers paramètres (températures, pressions, positions...) Les résultats sont ensuite acheminés par des fils vers les calculateurs de bord qui les traitent. Ceci implique la mise en place de centaines de kilomètres de câbles (500 km pour un avion de ligne) dont le volume est considérable. Il en résulte une grande complexité de conception et de fabrication, des problèmes de fiabilité, notamment au niveau des connexions, et une masse importante. Par ailleurs l'instrumentation de certaines zones est impossible car leur câblage est difficilement envisageable par manque d'espace. En outre, s'il est souvent intéressant d'installer de nouveaux capteurs pour faire évoluer un aéronef ancien, l'installation des câbles nécessaires implique un démantèlement partiel, problématique et coûteux, de l'appareil. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, une idée innovante a émergé chez les industriels de l'aéronautique : commencer à remplacer les réseaux filaires reliant les capteurs d'un aéronef et leur centre de décision par des réseaux sans fil. Les technologies de communication sans fil sont aujourd'hui largement utilisées dans les marchés de l'électronique de grande consommation. Elles commencent également à être déployées pour des applications industrielles comme l'automobile ou le relevé à distance de compteurs domestiques. Cependant, remplacer des câbles par des ondes représente un défi technologique considérable comme la propagation en milieu confiné, la sécurité, la sureté de fonctionnement, la fiabilité ou la compatibilité électromagnétique. Cette thèse est motivée d'une part par l'avancée non négligeable dans le milieu aérospatial que pourrait être l'établissement d'un réseau sans fil à bord d'aéronefs dans la résolution de problématique classiques comme l'allégement et l'instrumentation. Il en résulterait donc : * Une meilleure connaissance de l'environnement et de la santé de l'aéronef * Un gain sur le poids. * Un gain en flexibilité. * Un gain en malléabilité et en évolutivité. * Un gain sur la complexité. * Un gain sur la fiabilité D'autre part, étant donnée la complexité de la conception de ce réseau de capteur sans fil, il a été nécessaire d'appliquer une méthodologie évolutive et adaptée mais inspirée de l'ingénierie système. Il est envisageable, vu le nombre de sous-systèmes à considérer, que cette méthodologie soit réutilisable pour d'autre cas pratiques. Une étude aussi complète que possible a été réalisée autour de l'existant déjà établi sur le sujet. En effet, on peut en lisant ce mémoire de thèse avoir une idée assez précise de ce qui a été fait. Une liste a été dressée de toutes les technologies sans fil en indiquant leur état de maturité, leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients afin de préciser les choix possibles et les raisons de ces choix. Des projets de capteurs sans fil ont été réalisés, des technologies sans fil performantes et personnalisables ont été développées et arrivent à maturité dans des secteurs variés tels que la domotique, la santé, l'automobile ou même l'aéronautique. Cependant aucun capteur sans fil n'a été véritablement installé en milieu aérospatial car de nombreux verrous technologiques n'ont pas été levés. Fort des expériences passées, et de la maturité qu'ont prise certaines technologies, des conclusions ont été tirées des projets antérieurs afin de tendre vers des solutions plus viables. Une fois identifiés, les verrous technologiques ont été isolés. Une personnalisation de notre solution a été à envisager afin de remédier tant que faire se peut à ces points bloquants avec les moyens mis à disposition. La méthodologie appliquée nous a permis d'identifier un maximum de contraintes, besoins et exigences pour mieux focaliser les efforts d'innovation sur les plus importantes et choisir ainsi les technologies les plus indiquées.
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Paiva, Rafael Almeida. "Thumus autonomy." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/130705.
Full textAbstract:
"This thesis focuses on T lymphocyte development in the steady-state and in conditions permissive to T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T- ALL). Specifically, we were interested in how thymocytes differentiate in homeostasis and how healthy thymocytes can transform to originate leukemia. (...)"
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Siechen, Scott A. "Axon guidance autonomy and tensional requirement for synaptic function : is learning a forced response? /." 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3223717.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: B, page: 3622. Adviser: Akira Chiba. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-42) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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Vinette, Billy. "Expériences d’apprentissage de jeunes adultes ayant reçu une greffe de cellules souches dans la gestion de leurs symptômes." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23590.
Full textAbstract:
Les maladies hématologiques, telles que les leucémies et les lymphomes, sont parmi les cancers les plus fréquents chez les jeunes adultes. Bien que la greffe de cellules souches (GCS) permet de traiter ceux-ci, de nombreux effets secondaires peuvent découler de ce traitement. Il est ainsi souhaité que les jeunes adultes développent une expertise quant à l’autogestion de leurs symptômes. Pourtant, peu de connaissances existent quant à leurs expériences d’autogestion.
Cette étude avait pour but de décrire les expériences d’apprentissage quant à l’autogestion de jeunes adultes (18-39 ans) ayant reçu une GCS allogénique. Une étude qualitative descriptive interprétative (Thorne, 2016) a été réalisée auprès de jeunes adultes ayant reçu une GCS (n=7, moyenne d’âge de 26 ans, moyenne de 14,71 mois post GCS).
Les résultats suggèrent que l’apprentissage de l’autogestion suivant une GCS est un processus évolutif décliné en cinq niveaux possédant des caractéristiques distinctes. De plus, différents facteurs influencent, positivement ou négativement, l’apprentissage de l’autogestion. Les résultats indiquent notamment que les jeunes adultes développent une conscience de leurs sensations corporelles (intéroception) qui leur permettent d’adapter leurs stratégies d’autogestion et de favoriser un meilleur contrôle de leurs symptômes.
Finalement, différentes recommandations sont émises pour favoriser le développement de l’autogestion de jeunes adultes ayant reçu une GCS, telles que l’élaboration d’interventions éducatives selon différents niveaux d’apprentissage ainsi que la mise en place d’activités favorisant leur capacité d’intéroception, comme le yoga.<br>Hematological diseases, such as leukemia and lymphoma, are among the most common forms of cancers that can affect young adults. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a common intervention to treat blood-related cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma. However, an allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT) can provoke many acute and chronic symptoms. Young adult cancer survivors are expected to develop expertise to self-manage these symptoms. Yet little is known about their self-management experiences.
The purpose of this study was to describe self-management learning experiences of young adults (18-39 years old) following ASCT. An interpretive qualitative descriptive design (Thorne, 2016) was conducted with seven young adults who had undergone an ASCT (n=7, mean 26 years old, mean 14,71 months post-ASCT).
The results suggest that learning self-management expertise following ASCT is progressive and was described into a five-level process with distinct characteristics. Certain factors could positively or negatively affect the learning process and hence the development of this self-management expertise. In addition, our results indicate that young adults developed body awareness (interoceptive ability) related to their symptoms. This ability allows young adults to adapt their self-management strategies and promote better control of their symptoms.
Finally, various recommendations were made to promote self-management in young adults who have undergone an ASCT, including educational interventions
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Weaver, Staci A. "Brain glycogen metabolism during hypoglycemia : role in hypoglycemia associated autonomic failure, memory and neuronal cell death." 2011. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1657878.
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We hypothesize that brain glycogen, a stored form of glucose, may provide fuel for the brain conferring both negative and positive effects throughout the brain. The over accumulation of brain glycogen, or supercompensation, is hypothesized to exacerbate hypoglycemia associated autonomic failure (HAAF), promote memory and learning, and reduce neuron cell death during severe episodes of hypoglycemia. It was determined that brain glycogen supercompensation does occur in the mouse 6 hours following single and recurrent hypoglycemic episodes, but it is not likely a significant mechanism behind HAAF due to the supercompensation subsiding at 27 hours following the hypoglycemic episodes. In regard to memory and learning, brain glycogen is not required for motor skill learning while euglycemic, however, it does enhance motor memory while hypoglycemic as determined using a rotarod treadmill in mouse. In regard to associative learning, brain glycogen is important for contextual, but not cued, memories while both euglycemic and hypoglycemic, as assessed by contextual and cued fear conditioning. Two different genetically engineered models of mice lacking brain glycogen yielded opposing results when assessing whether brain glycogen is neuroprotective during severe and prolonged hypoglycemia. In conclusion, brain glycogen does not appear to play a role in HAAF, is important for learning and memory, and its role in neuronal cell survival during hypoglycemia requires further study.<br>Department of Biology
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Marques, Ana Luísa Cadilhe. "Técnica da mão esquerda: uma ajuda essencial aos alunos de violoncelo do Ensino Básico." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/28932.
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Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino da Música<br>O presente projeto intitulado “Técnica da Mão Esquerda: Uma Ajuda Essencial aos
Alunos de Violoncelo do Ensino Básico” é o relatório de estágio de Ana Luísa Cadilhe Marques,
tendo sido realizado no âmbito do Mestrado em Ensino de Música, da Universidade do Minho.
Este projeto teve como base uma tentativa de implementação de uma prática mais
saudável do seu estudo diário, complementando-se com exercícios de índole técnica, de modo a
dotar os alunos pertencentes ao quarto grau de violoncelo com ideias e soluções para as
dificuldades respeitantes à mão esquerda que se lhes apresentam no decorrer do seu dia-a-dia.
Embora se encontre já num grau avançado do ensino da música, a grande maioria destes
discentes não sabe questionar-se durante o estudo e encontrar soluções para os obstáculos que
vão surgindo em cada peça que o professor lhes fornece. Deste modo, desperdiçam muito do seu
precioso tempo rodeando o problema ao invés de o solucionar diretamente na raiz.
Este relatório é constituído por três partes: uma primeira onde se faz uma
contextualização sócio escolar, uma segunda onde se faz uma breve abordagem histórica do
violoncelo e da técnica da mão esquerda e se expõe os objetivos e finalidades do projeto em si, e
uma terceira onde se efetua a avaliação dos questionários realizados e a sua relevância dentro do
processo avaliativo do projeto, considerando-se a sua legitimidade e a sua relevância no contexto
do ensino artístico português na atualidade, chegando-se então às considerações finais, em que
se avalia todo o processo.<br>This project entitled "Left Hand Technique: An Essential Aid to Cello Students in Basic
Education” is the internship report of Ana Luísa Cadilhe Marques, and was realized under the
Master of Music Teaching from the University of Minho.
This project was based on the attempt to implement a healthier practice in student´s daily
study, providing it with technical exercises, in order to equip students belonging to cello fourth grade
with ideas and solutions to problems related to the left hand in the course of their everyday. Although
they are already in an advanced degree, the vast majority of these students do not know how to
question themselves during the study and find solutions to the obstacles faced in each piece
provided by the teacher. Therefore, students waste too much of their precious time circling the
problem instead of solving it directly on the source.
This report consists of three parts: the first one describes the school context, the second
sets out the objectives and purposes of the project itself, as well as a brief historical perspective of
the cello and his left hand technique and sets out the objectives and purposes of the project itself,
and a third part where it makes the evaluation of the queries made and their relevance in the
evaluation process of the project, considering its legitimacy and its relevance in the context of
today´s Portuguese art education, completing the final considerations that evaluate the whole
process.
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Lajiness, Jacquelyn D. "Shp2 deletion in post-migratory neural crest cells results in impaired cardiac sympathetic innervation." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5495.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Autonomic innervation of the heart begins in utero and continues during the neonatal phase of life. A balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic arms of the autonomic nervous system is required to regulate heart rate as well as the force of each contraction. Our lab studies the development of sympathetic innervation of the early postnatal heart in a conditional knockout (cKO) of Src homology protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (Shp2). Shp2 is a ubiquitously expressed non-receptor phosphatase involved in a variety of cellular functions including survival, proliferation, and differentiation. We targeted Shp2 in post-migratory neural crest (NC) lineages using our novel Periostin-Cre. This resulted in a fully penetrant mouse model of diminished cardiac sympathetic innervation and concomitant bradycardia that progressively worsen.
Shp2 is thought to mediate its basic cellular functions through a plethora of signaling cascades including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1 and 2. We hypothesize that abrogation of downstream ERK1/2 signaling in NC lineages is primarily responsible for the failed sympathetic innervation phenotype observed in our mouse model. Shp2 cKOs are indistinguishable from control littermates at birth and exhibit no gross structural cardiac anomalies; however, in vivo electrocardiogram (ECG) characterization revealed sinus bradycardia that develops as the Shp2 cKO ages. Significantly, 100% of Shp2 cKOs die within 3 weeks after birth. Characterization of the expression pattern of the sympathetic nerve marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) revealed a loss of functional sympathetic ganglionic neurons and reduction of cardiac sympathetic axon density in Shp2 cKOs. Shp2 cKOs exhibit lineage-specific suppression of activated pERK1/2 signaling, but not of other downstream targets of Shp2 such as pAKT (phosphorylated-Protein kinase B). Interestingly, restoration of pERK signaling via lineage-specific expression of constitutively active MEK1 (Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase1) rescued TH-positive cardiac innervation as well as heart rate. These data suggest that the diminished sympathetic cardiac innervation and the resulting ECG abnormalities are a result of decreased pERK signaling in post-migratory NC lineages.
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VanDusen, Nathan J. "Hand2 function within non-cardiomyocytes regulates cardiac morphogenesis and performance." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/6170.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>The heart is a complex organ that is composed of numerous cell types, which must integrate their programs for proper specification, differentiation, and cardiac morphogenesis. During cardiac development the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Hand2 is dynamically expressed within the endocardium and extra-cardiac lineages such as the epicardium, cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs), and NCC derived components of the autonomic nervous system. To investigate Hand2 function within these populations we utilized multiple murine Hand2 Conditional Knockout (H2CKO) genetic models. These studies establish for the first time a functional requirement for Hand2 within the endocardium, as several distinct phenotypes including hypotrabeculation, tricuspid atresia, aberrant septation, and precocious coronary development are observed in endocardial H2CKOs. Molecular analyses reveal that endocardial Hand2 functions within the Notch signaling pathway to regulate expression of Nrg1, which encodes a crucial secreted growth factor. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Notch signaling regulates coronary angiogenesis via Hand2 mediated modulation of Vegf signaling.
Hand2 is strongly expressed within midgestation NCC and endocardium derived cardiac cushion mesenchyme. To ascertain the function of Hand2 within these cells we employed the Periostin Cre (Postn-Cre), which marks cushion mesenchyme, a small subset of the epicardium, and components of the autonomic nervous system, to conditionally ablate Hand2. We find that Postn-Cre H2CKOs die shortly after birth despite a lack of cardiac structural defects. Gene expression analyses demonstrate that Postn-Cre ablates Hand2 from the adrenal medulla, causing downregulation of Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase (Dbh), a gene encoding a crucial catecholaminergic biosynthetic enzyme. Electrocardiograms demonstrate that 3-day postnatal Postn-Cre H2CKO pups exhibit significantly slower heart rates than control littermates. In conjunction with the aforementioned gene expression analyses, these results indicate that loss of Hand2 function within the adrenal medulla results in a catecholamine deficiency and subsequent heart failure.
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Boudreau-Béland, Jonathan. "Effets de divers stimuli sur les caractéristiques des cardiomyocytes en culture dans le but de définir les conditions optimisées pour la fabrication de tissu cardiaque de remplacement." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18365.
Full textAbstract:
Encore en 2015, un grand nombre d’individus décèdent de pathologies du rythme cardiaque non contrôlées ou d’un manque de disponibilité de donneurs d’organes compatibles. Le génie tissulaire en créant, réparant ou améliorant la fonction des tissus est une option prometteuse afin de diminuer la mortalité associée à ces pathologies. L’objectif global de mon projet de recherche était de développer des outils et d’étudier l’impact fonctionnel des différents stimuli (mécanique et électrique) de l’environnement cardiaque dans le but de définir des conditions optimisées de culture pour la fabrication de tissu de remplacement par génie tissulaire. Cette thèse présente le développement d’un bioréacteur; un système qui optimise les conditions pour la culture cellulaire. L’efficacité du bioréacteur est validée par des expériences de culture cellulaire qui se concentrent sur la prolifération cellulaire, l’organisation cellulaire, l’expression génique et protéique de même que sur l’activité contractile spontanée. En premier lieu, nos résultats montrent, bien que la fréquence de contraction moyenne mesurée reste inchangée, une augmentation significative du nombre de cas de réentrées pour les cultures sur verre comparativement aux cultures sur Polydimethylsiloxane. Une augmentation de l’instabilité spatiotemporelle a été démontrée lorsque les cardiomyocytes étaient déposés sur un support de Polydimethylsiloxane et cette dernière corrèle avec une diminution non-significative de l’ARNm de la connexine-43 et une augmentation significative de l’ARNm pour CaV3.1 et HCN2. La culture sur Polydimethylsiloxane est également associée avec une plus forte réponse à l’isoprotérénol (β-adrénergique) et à l’acétylcholine (parasympathique). En second lieu, nous présentons les résultats du développement de notre bioréacteur en mettant l’emphase sur les caractéristiques (composantes accessibles, étirement uniaxial, électrode de carbone, stimulation biphasique) tout en validant notre approche pour optimiser les conditions de culture et améliorer la rentabilité des étapes de production du tissu de remplacement. Pour finir, nous partageons une nouvelle approche d’évaluation des caractéristiques contractiles de cellules cardiaques en culture. Nous avons développé des algorithmes qui utilisent les données de vidéomicroscopie pour valider l’impact de stimuli, évaluer l’hétérogénéité du signal enregistré et détecter des conditions favorables au développement d’arythmies.<br>In 2015, there are still a large number of people who die due to diseases of uncontrolled heart rhythm or due to lack of availability of compatible donor organs. Tissue engineering aim to create, repair or improve the function by different techniques. Tissue engineering is a viable option to reduce the mortality associated with many heart conditions. The overall goal of my PhD research was to study the functional impact of different stimuli in cardiac environment (mechanical and electrical stimulation) on cardiac cell cultures. This, in order to define optimized culture conditions for the production of replacement tissue using tissue engineering. This thesis presents the stages of creation and development of a bioreactor; a system that permits the culture of cardiac cells by integrating various stimuli. The optimization of culture conditions by using the bioreactor was confirmed by cell culture experiments that focus on cell proliferation, cell organization, gene and protein expression as well as on spontaneous activity. In the first place, our results show that although mean frequency of spontaneous activity remained unaltered, incidence of reentrant activity was significantly higher in samples cultured on glass compared to PDMS substrates. Higher spatial and temporal instability of the spontaneous rate activation was found when cardiomyocytes were cultured on PDMS, and correlated with decreased connexin-43 (unsignificant) and a significant increased CaV3.1 and HCN2 mRNA levels. Compared to cultures on glass, cultures on PDMS were associated with the strongest response to isoproterenol (β-adrenergic) and acetylcholine (parasympathetic). Secondly, we present the design of our bioreactor with an emphasis on its characteristics and by putting in perspective the relevance of our approach to optimize culture conditions and to improve profitability culture experiences and production stages of replacement heart tissue. Finally, a new approach is proposed to evaluate the characteristics of the contractile cells in culture which allows to validate the functional impact of stimuli, evaluate the heterogeneity in the beating behavior of the cells and to detect localized abnormal activity that could favour arrhythmia.