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Journal articles on the topic 'Cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani)'

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Published: 15 March 2025

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1

Pijut, Paula. "Cedrus - The True Cedars." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 26, no. 4 (July 1, 2000): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2000.026.

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The true cedars (genus Cedrus) are valuable timber trees and striking specimen plantings in the urban landscape that grow well in a variety of soil and climatic conditions. The wood is durable and decay resistant. Cedars have been successfully introduced into areas outside of their natural range. The 4 species of Cedrus, 3 of which are planted to some extent in the United States, are C. atlantka (Atlas cedar), C. brevijolia (Cyprian cedar), C. deodara (Deodar cedar), and C. libani (Cedar of Lebanon). In this review, the geographical distribution, taxonomic characteristics, propagation, and adaptation to the urban landscape of cedars are discussed. This information is relevant to horticulturists, botanists, foresters, and anyone interested in the field of arboriculture.

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2

Talhouk, S. N., R. Zurayk, and S. Khuri. "Conservation of the coniferous forests of Lebanon: past, present and future prospects." Oryx 35, no. 3 (July 2001): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00180.x.

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AbstractConiferous forests are an important component of the Lebanese landscape. Ten species of conifers in five genera are found as wild populations in Lebanon: Cilician fir Abies cilicica, cedar of Lebanon Cedrus libani, Mediterranean Cyprus Cupressus sempervirens, Syrian juniper Juniperus drupacea, Grecian juniper J. excelsa, willdenow J. foetidissima, prickly juniper J. oxycedrus, Calabrian pine Pinus brutia, Aleppo pine P. halepensis and stone pine P. pinea. Although none of these species are seriously threatened in a global context, they exist in Lebanon mostly as fragmented and degraded populations, and their habitats are under great pressure from urbanization and associated development. Conservation efforts in Lebanon have concentrated mainly on the cedar of Lebanon, with two cedar of Lebanon forests protected as Nature Reserves. Large areas of forest, coniferous and otherwise, remain unprotected. In this review, the need for an integrated approach to conservation of the coniferous landscape of Lebanon and the importance of the participation of local communities in this process are emphasized.

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3

Talhouk, S. N., M. Shmoury, R. Baalbaki, and S. Khuri. "Somatic Embryogenesis of the Cedars of Lebanon (Cedrus libani)." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 461G—462. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.461g.

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Somatic embryogenesis offers a great potential for large-scale production of Cedrus libani, which is important not only as a forest tree, but also for the development of a timber industry. In an attempt to optimize conditions for embryogenic callus induction, we used zygotic embryos at different developmental stages as explants, compared different media, and used several hormone levels and combinations. Results indicated that post-cotyledonary immature embryos had highest induction efficiency. Four different media namely 1/2 MS, Durzan, Litvay's, and Von Arnold supplemented with similar hormone levels showed no significant difference in efficiency of callus induction. Induction frequencies of embryogenic callus from explants subjected to different hormone levels and combinations were dependent on the developmental stage of the explant.

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4

Oskay, F., A. Lehtijärvi, H. T. Dogmuş-Lehtijärvi, and E. Halmschlager. "First Report of Brown Felt Blight Caused by Herpotrichia juniperi on Cedrus libani in Turkey." Plant Disease 95, no. 2 (February 2011): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-10-0547.

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Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich) is an ecologically, economically, and historically important conifer species that currently mainly occurs in the Taurus Mountains in southern Turkey. In former times, extensive forests of this species were also found in Syria and Lebanon. However, because of intensive cutting, burning, and goat grazing, only small populations are left in these countries. Currently, the range of Lebanon cedar covers approximately 600,000 ha in Turkey, including extremely degraded stands and bare karstic land that was previously covered by this species (1). Therefore, efforts to protect existing forests and promote natural regeneration of this endangered tree species were undertaken in recent years. In addition, reforestations were carried out on bare karstic lands to expand the population of Lebanon cedar in Turkey. During disease surveys, carried out in October 2009 in the Mt. Dedegül Region of the western Taurus Mountains (37°36′54″N, 31°20′00″E), a dieback of lower branches and young plants of C. libani was observed at 1,700 to 1,885 m above sea level. The disease often occurred in scattered patches and was most evident near the timberline. Needles, shoots, and twigs of affected trees or entire small trees were covered or completely enmeshed in silky, shining, blackish brown mycelial felts. Symptoms resembled those of brown felt blight, also known as black snow mold, caused by Herpotrichia juniperi and Neopeckia coulteri on various other conifer species (2). For fungal isolation and identification, 18 twig samples from 14 different C. libani trees were collected. Two colonized needles from each twig were transferred to water agar (16 g liter–1 of agar and 0.1 g liter–1 of streptomycin) and incubated at 4°C for at least 8 days in the dark. Single hyphal-tip cultures were then established from only one of the developing colonies per twig and transferred to 1.5-ml microcentrifuge tubes containing 500 μl of potato dextrose broth. DNA extraction, directly from the mycelium, was performed after 20 days (3). DNA was amplified using primer pair ITS1 and ITS4 (4) and sequenced. Sequences of two representative fungal isolates from C. libani were deposited in GenBank (HM853976 and HM853977). Comparison of the 18 internal transcribed spacer sequences obtained from C. libani showed 99 to 100% nucleotide identity with those of reference strains of H. juniperi (2) from GenBank and variation among the 18 sequences was <1%, which is within the limits reported in a previous study (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. libani as a new host of H. juniperi. Thus, brown felt blight is considered to have a significant impact on regeneration of C. libani as well as on the survival and growth of seedlings and young trees in the study area. References: (1) M. Boydak For. Ecol. Manag. 178:231, 2003. (2) M. Schneider et al. Mycol. Res. 113:887, 2009. (3) D. Smith and G. Stanosz. Phytopathology 85:699, 1995 (4) T. J. T. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, New York 1990.

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5

Rogers, S. O., and Z. Kaya. "DNA From Ancient Cedar Wood From King Midas’ Tomb, Turkey, and Al-Aksa Mosque, Israel." Silvae Genetica 55, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2006): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2006-0009.

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Abstract Ancient Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich) wood samples from the Tumulus of King Midas at the Gordion archaeological site (about 2700 years old), near Ankara, Turkey, and from the Al-Aksa Mosque (about 1500 to 1900 years old), Jerusalem, Israel, were characterized by studying the sequences of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2). After extraction of the DNA, the ITS regions were amplified utilizing the polymerase chain reaction, followed by sequencing, BLAST searches for similar sequences, and phylogenetic analyses. Fifty-six sequences were obtained. In BLAST searches of existing sequence databases, most were closest to those from humans and fungi. However, two sequences exhibited similarities with conifer ITS sequences. One was an ITS1 region from the Gordion wood specimen, and the other one was an ITS2 region from the Al-Aksa wood specimen. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that both were closest to Taurus cedar (C. libani, also known as Lebanon cedar) ITS sequences from three recent samples of Taurus cedar from two sites in Turkey. However, they exhibited many differences from the recent C. libani rDNA ITS sequences from Turkey, probably due to degradation of the DNA in the ancient samples. The implications of the results on future studies are discussed.

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6

Zsolnay, Nikola, Anna Walentowitz, and Gregor Aas. "Impact of climatic conditions on radial growth of non-native Cedrus libani compared to native conifers in Central Europe." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (May 12, 2023): e0275317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275317.

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Ongoing climate change increasingly affects growth conditions of native conifers such as Picea abies (Norway spruce) and Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) in Central Europe. These conifers are primarily cultivated for wood production. To obtain ecologically and economically stable forests, forestry seeks alternative species that might be less prone to novel climatic conditions, such as Cedrus libani (Lebanon cedar). We aim at investigating growth responses to climatic factors of C. libani compared to native P. abies and P. sylvestris in Central Europe for 25 years (1994–2019). Growth responses were used as a proxy for tolerance towards climatic stress events, such as heat and drought. Height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and radial increment were measured for 40-year-old tree stands of C. libani and native conifers. Radial growth responses to selected climate parameters were analysed using bootstrapped correlations with detrended growth index chronologies and growth response indices for drought years (2003, 2012, 2015, 2018). For C. libani, radial growth was positively correlated with high water availability in late winter and spring, while for P. abies, February and summer and for P. sylvestris, July showed such a relationship. Cedrus libani exhibited the highest resistance, recovery, and resilience in response to climatic extremes. Against the background of climate change, C. libani could serve as an alternative conifer species to establish climate-resistant viable forests in Central Europe.

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7

Nemer, Nabil, Nasri S. Kawar, Linda Kfoury, and Brigitte Frerot. "Evidence of sexual attraction by pheromone in the cedar web-spinning sawfly." Canadian Entomologist 139, no. 5 (October 2007): 713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n06-042.

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AbstractThe cedar web-spinning sawfly, Cephalcia tannourinensis Chevin (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae), is a pest that has been causing serious damage to cedar (Cedrus libani) forests in Lebanon since 1990. The existence of a sex pheromone was shown in field experiments in a cedar forest in Lebanon and in laboratory tests in olfactometers with and without airflow. More males were caught in traps baited either with virgin females or with a hexane extract of the whole female body than in traps baited either with males alone or with mixed males and females. Male and female C. tannourinensis were active during the day. Mating and pheromone production were observed to occur during midday hours (1000–1400) in the field and under laboratory conditions. Olfactometer tests with extracts prepared from different body parts of the female indicated that the pheromone is produced in the abdominal region, and tests with different dilutions of female extract showed that the male response is dose-dependent.

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8

Boydak, Melih. "Regeneration of Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) on karstic lands in Turkey." Forest Ecology and Management 178, no. 3 (June 2003): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(02)00539-x.

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9

Kaya, Zafer, and Sait Dündar Sofuoğlu. "Use of Spinning Rollers for Surface Densification of Wood." Drvna industrija 75, no. 2 (June 15, 2024): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2024.0139.

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In this study, softwood cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani A.Rich.) and hardwood black poplar (Populus nigra L.), turned into cylinders by turning, were subjected to a surface densification process. Densification was carried out on the lathe using the spinning roller designed and manufactured for this purpose. Hardness, brightness and roughness (Rz) measurements were carried out on undensified and densified regions of the cylindrical solid wood materials. An increase in hardness and brightness and a decrease in roughness values occurred under all densification conditions. The highest surface hardness values occurred in cedar of Lebanon at 0.081 mm/rev feed, 200 rpm spindle speed, and 1 mm densification depth. On densified wood surfaces, as the feed from the densification parameters increases, the hardness decreases, and as the densification depth increases, the hardness increases-. The effect of surface densification parameters on the gloss and roughness results of the samples shows no linear effect in terms of experimental parameters. In both species, lower spring back was obtained at low depth of densification.

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10

Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi, T., A. G. Aday Kaya, A. Lehtijärvi, and T. Jung. "First Report of Phytophthora syringae on Cedrus libani in Turkey." Plant Disease 98, no. 6 (June 2014): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-13-0962-pdn.

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Cedrus libani, commonly known as Lebanon cedar, is one of the most important coniferous tree species in Turkey. Its main distribution is in the Taurus Mountains in the Mediterranean Region. The total area of pure Taurus cedar forest covers 109,440 ha in Turkey, all located in the southwestern regions of the country. Due to its drought resistance, Taurus cedar has been commonly used for afforestations in these semi-arid areas (1). In September 2011, during surveys for Phytophthora spp. in forest nurseries in Adapazari and İzmir in eastern Turkey, initial symptoms such as death of fine roots, yellowing, and wilting of Taurus cedar seedlings were observed. Soil samples were collected from 10 symptomatic C. libani seedlings and isolation tests for Phytophthora species were carried out using leaflets from young Quercus suber, Azalea sp., and Rhodendron sp. saplings as baits floated over flooded soil. Necrotic baits were blotted dry, cut into small pieces, and placed on selective PARPNH carrot agar. Out growing colonies were subcultured on carrot agar and kept at 12°C for morphological and molecular identifications (2). In total, six Pythiaceous isolates were obtained from the C. libani soil samples. The isolates were investigated using a light microscope and grouped according to their morphological characteristics (3). DNA was extracted from two representative isolates using Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit following the manufacturer's instructions. PCR amplifications and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA and the β-tubulin gene were performed using ITS1 and ITS4 and Tub1 and Tub2 primer sets (4). Sequencing of the PCR products in both directions was conducted by IonTek Inc. (Istanbul, Turkey) in an ABI PRISM automated sequencer. The obtained sequences were compared with those in the GenBank and Phytophthora database using BLAST search. On the basis of morphological features and molecular analyses, the two isolates were identified as Phytophthora syringae. Morphological characteristics on carrot agar were identical with the description of P. syringae (2). At 20°C, colonies reached 7 cm in diameter after 1 week. Sporangia were semipapillate to non-papillate, ovoid, with average length of 59 μm (SD ± 2.8) (range 58 to 70 μm). Oogonia were 38 μm (SD ± 5.4) in diameter (range 30 to 47 μm) with paragynous antheridia. The morphological identification was confirmed by sequence comparison at GenBank with 99% homology for both ITS and β-tubulin. The ITS sequences of the two isolates were deposited in GenBank with the accession nos. KF430614 and KF944377. Under-bark inoculation tests with mycelia plugs were conducted with both isolates of P. syringae at 18°C in a growth chamber on a total of six 1-year-old shoots cut from two C. libani trees. Lesions with an average length of 19 mm (SD ± 6) developed after 10 days. P. syringae was consistently re-isolated from the margins of necrotic tissues. Control shoots remained symptomless. To our knowledge, this is the first report of damage caused by P. syringae on C. libani seedlings in forest nursery in Turkey. References: (1) T. Çalışkan. Pages 109-130 in: Proceedings of Workshop “Hızlı gelişen türlerle ilgili rapor,” Ankara, Turkey, 1998. (2) T. Jung et al. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 26:253, 1996. (3) T. Jung et al. Mycol. Res. 107:772, 2003. (4) L. P. N. M. Kroon et al. Fung. Genet. Biol. 41:766, 2004.

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11

Koc, Samed, Zeynep Nur Gultekin, Sevval Kahraman, Aysegul Cengiz, Burak Polat, Cansu Caliskan, Tolga Yildirim, Ozge Tufan-Cetin, and Huseyin Cetin. "Exploring the Larvicidal and Repellent Potential of Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani) Tar against the Brown Dog Tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato)." Molecules 28, no. 23 (November 21, 2023): 7689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237689.

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This study investigated the potential acaricidal and repellent effects of tar obtained from the Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) against the brown dog tick species Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato Latreille (Acari: Ixodidae). The goal was to find an alternative, safe, and effective way to eliminate ticks. Tar is traditionally extracted from cedar trees in the Antalya region of Türkiye. The composition of the tar is primarily characterized by a diverse mixture of terpenes, with β-himachalene (29.16%), α-atlantone (28.7%), ar-turmerone (8.82%), longifolene-(V4) (6.66%), α-himachalene (5.28%), and β-turmerone (5.12%) emerging as the predominant constituents. The toxic effects of tar on tick larvae were studied through larval immersion tests (LIT), and its repellent activity was evaluated using a new larval repellent activity test (LRAT). The results revealed significant acaricidal effects, with mortality rates of 77.7% and 82.2% for the Konyaalti and Kepez strains of the brown dog tick, respectively, in response to a 1% concentration of tar. LC50 and LC90 values were determined as 0.47% and 1.52% for the Kepez strain and 0.58% and 1.63% for the Konyaalti strain, respectively. When comparing the repellent effect of tar to the widely used synthetic repellent DEET, repellency rates of up to 100% were observed. As a result, this study establishes, for the first time, the larvicidal and repellent effects of C. libani tar on ticks.

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12

Carus, Serdar, and Mustafa Avcı. "Growth loss of Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani) stands as related to periodic outbreaks of the cedar shoot moth (Dichelia cedricola)." Phytoparasitica 33, no. 1 (March 2005): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02980923.

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13

Yazici, N., T. P. Novikova, A. I. Novikov, and N. Bilir. "Gene Diversity In Seed Crop Of Taurus Cedar (Cedrus Libani A. Rich.) Over An Altitudinal Range." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 16, no. 4 (January 12, 2024): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2023-2922.

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There could be many environmental and biological impacts such as edaphic, geographic, climatic, age, tree structure and population on morphological, physiological and genetically seed quality in plant species. Gene diversity is an important mirror of genetically seed quality. Gene diversity in seed crops were estimated based on female and male strobili productions of fifty trees (N) randomly chosen from each population sampled over an altitudinal range as low (1200-400 meters ≤ altitude), middle (1400 m < altitude ≤ 1600 m), high (1600 m < altitude ≤ 1800 m), and very high (1800 m < altitude) in Taurus cedar also known as cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) for two consecutive years (2021&2022). The variation in strobilus production was subjected to estimation of female and male fertility variation. The total fertility variation (Ψ) was estimated from the female and male fertility variation. Impacts of some growth characteristics (tree height and diameter at breast height) on strobili productions were also investigated. Strobili productions varied among the populations and individuals within population, and between years. The differences for populations and years were also found for coefficient of variations which were mirror of fertility variation of the strobili productions. Tree height and diameter at breast height seemed more reasonable predictor than age for number of strobili. Fertility variations of female parents were generally higher than that of male in both years. First year showed generally higher parental variations in individual populations. Gene diversity (GD=1-0.5Ψ/N) ranged from 0.967 to 0.974 for the populations and years. The loss of highest gene diversity was 0.004 in low population (0.967 & 0.971) between years. Results of the study indicated that altitudinal gene diversity of seed crop could be used to produce genetically quality seed and their grading. Moreover, data sets can be used to fill the Forest Landscape Restoration library (FLR-Library).

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14

Özcan, Ali Uğur, Javier Velázquez, Víctor Rincón, Derya Gülçin, and Kerim Çiçek. "Assessment of the Morphological Pattern of the Lebanon Cedar under Changing Climate: The Mediterranean Case." Land 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2022): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060802.

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The effects of climate change on species can influence the delicate balance in ecosystems. For this reason, conservation planning needs to take account of connectivity and the related ecological processes within the framework of climate change. In this study, we focus on the change in the ecological connectivity of the Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.), which is widely distributed in the Mediterranean, particularly in the Amanus and Taurus Mountains. To this end, we evaluated the changes in spatial units providing connectivity in the potential and future distributions of the species through ecological niche modelling, morphological spatial pattern analysis, and landscape metrics. The results suggest that the species is moving to the northeast. According to the future projections, we predict that the potential habitat suitability of the species will shrink significantly and that, in the case of pessimistic scenarios, the extent of the suitable habitats will decrease, particularly in the western and central Taurus Mountain chains. A comparison of potential and future cores indicates that there will be a slight increase under the RCP 4.5 2050 scenario, whereas core areas will decrease in the RCP 4.5 2070, RCP 8.5 2050, and RCP 8.5 2070 scenarios. In addition, it is predicted that bridges would increase in the RCP 4.5 2070 and RCP 8.5 2050 scenarios but decrease in other scenarios.

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15

Yazici, Nilufer, and Nebi Bilir. "Impact of Crown Closure on Cone Production and Effective Number of Parents in Natural Stands of Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.)." Forests 14, no. 6 (May 30, 2023): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14061130.

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This study was carried out to estimate the effect of crown closure classes (degraded forest, low crown coverage, medium crown coverage, and full crown coverage) and growth characteristics (three heights, diameter at base, diameter at breast height, and crown diameter) on cone production and to estimate fertility variation and its allied parameters in 130-year-old natural populations of Taurus cedar, also called cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani A. Rich.). The effect of biotic (e.g., growth characteristics, crown closure) and abiotic (e.g., light penetration, temperature, humidity, and soil characteristics) factors on cone production, fertility variation, and gene diversity was evaluated in two consecutive years of Taurus cedar. The factors, viz., altitude, temperature, aspect, and rainfall, varied, while some of them could be managed by cultural operations such as management of the crown and stand density. The impact of crown closure on cone production, fertility variation, and related parameters were observed in Taurus cedar’s natural populations sampled from southern Turkey. Maximum cone productions of 29 and 40/tree were recorded with full crown closure in two consecutive years, due to significant differences among individuals within crown closure class. For instance, cone productions were between 10 and 67 in the full crown closure of the first year. The sibling coefficient, which is a measure of the fertility variation in a stand, was the highest (1.16) for the full crown closure in the first (meaning 86% fertile trees) and the second years (1.55, 65%), while it was the lowest for the medium crown closure (1.09, 92%) in both years. Gene diversity decreased from a degraded patch (0.987) to that with full crown closure (0.984). Results of variance analysis showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference between crown closure classes for cone production within the second year and between years. Significant positive (p ≤ 0.05) correlations were noted between years for cone production (r = 0.22) and between cone production and crown closure in the first and second years (r = 0.29). However, growth characteristics had no effect on cone productions in individual crown closure classes, while there were significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlations between the diameter at breast height and cone production for both years (r = 0.15 and 0.17) in pooled populations.

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16

Güray, Ersan, Ali Kasal, Selçuk Demirci, Erkan Ceylan, and Tolga Kuşkun. "Effects of cross-sectional geometry and force direction on bending strength and modulus of elasticity of some softwood beams." BioResources 14, no. 4 (October 4, 2019): 9258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.9258-9270.

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The effects of cross-sectional geometry and force direction on bending strength (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were investigated in selected softwoods. The specimens were constructed of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), Black pine (Pinus nigra), Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica), Stone pine (Pinus pinea), Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana), Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis), and Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani). A total of 280 specimens were prepared from these seven species in two different cross-sectional geometries (circular and square, equal in area) and tested in two characteristic force directions (tangential and radial) by 10 replications. They were subjected to three-point bending tests according to TS 2474 (2005) and TS 2478 (2005) to obtain the MOR and MOE. The results showed that the type of cross-sectional area and direction of applied force, individually or together, had considerable effects on the MOR and MOE. The MOR values of the circular-sectioned specimens were 5% greater than those of the square-sectioned specimens. The MOE values of the circular-sectioned specimens were on average 19% greater than those of the square-sectioned specimens. The MOR and MOE values were on average 7% and 17% greater, respectively, for the force applied in the tangential direction.

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17

Bassil, S., S. Kattar, RM Navarro-Cerrillo, M. Navarrete Poyatos, N. Nemer, and G. Palacios Rodríguez. "Stand structure and regeneration of Cedrus libani (A. Rich) in Tannourine Cedar Forest Reserve (Lebanon) affected by cedar web-spinning sawfly (Cephalcia tannourinensis, Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae)." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 11, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor2502-011.

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18

GÜNEY, Aylin, Reiner ZIMMERMANN, Anna KRUPP, and Klaus HAAS. "Needle characteristics of Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A.Rich.): degradation of epicuticular waxes and decrease of photosynthetic rates with increasing needle age." TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 40 (2016): 386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/tar-1507-63.

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19

Avcí, Mustafa, and Serdar Carus. "The impact of cedar processionary moth [Traumatocampa ispartaensis (Doğanlar & Avcí) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)] outbreaks on radial growth of Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) trees in Turkey." Journal of Pest Science 78, no. 2 (February 5, 2005): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10340-004-0073-2.

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20

., Mahmut D. Avsar, and Veysel Ayyildiz . "The Relationships between Diameter at Breast Height, Tree Height and Crown Diameter in Lebanon Cedars (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) of the Yavsan Mountain, Kahramanmaras, Turkey." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 8, no. 9 (August 15, 2005): 1228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2005.1228.1232.

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21

Renoux, Hélène. "Cedrus libani, a homeopathic medicinal product coming from a symbolic tree. From the pathogenetic trial, clinical cases and a reflection on the myths and botany of the Lebanon cedar." La Revue d'Homéopathie 12, no. 3 (September 2021): e30-e35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revhom.2021.07.020.

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22

Fleisher, Alexander, and Zhenia Fleisher. "The Volatiles of the Leaves and Wood of Lebanon Cedar (Cedrus libaniA. Rich) Aromatic Plants of the Holy Land and the Sinai. Part XIV." Journal of Essential Oil Research 12, no. 6 (November 2000): 763–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9712210.

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23

Hasan, Rania, Mahmoud Ali, Ali Ramadan, and Ola Merhej. "Life Cycle and Characterization of Cedar Moth Insect (Dichelia cedricola) on Lebanese Cedar Trees (Cedrus libani) at The Cedar and Fir Reserve, Slenfeh, Syria." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 42, no. 3 (2024): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-001243.

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Hasan, R., M. Ali, A. Ramadan and O. Merhej. 2024. Life Cycle and Characterization of Cedar Moth Insect (Dichelia cedricola) on Lebanese Cedar Trees (Cedrus libani) at The Cedar and Fir Reserve, Slenfeh, Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 42(3): 263-268. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-001243 This study was carried out in the Cedar and Fir Reserve, Slenfeh, Syria during the period 2021-2022, where the Lebanese cedar moth, Dichelia cedricola (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) was observed for the first time in Syria on the Lebanese cedar tree (Cedrus libani A. Rich.). Infestation symptoms were described and the most important biometric measurements of the different stages of the insect were recorded. The average body length of the fourth and fifth larval instars was 12.5±2.6 mm, the average length of the pupa was 9.7±1.2 mm. The average length of the female adult was 11.1±1.3 mm, and the wingspan was 18.7±2.6 mm. The average length of the male adult was 9.4±1.5 mm, and the wingspan was 15.7±2.6 mm. The life cycle of the insect was also investigated in the field, where the insect (in its different stages) was active from April to November. Caterpillars fed on needles and new buds and used needles for nesting and overwintering, which causes the leaves to fall and consequently cause damage to the tree. Control measures need to be investigated. Keywords: Cedar moth, Dichelia cedricola, Lebanese cedar. Cedrus libani, Life cycle

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Tüfekçi, Sedat, and İbrahim Ortaş. "Impact of three distinct mycorrhizal species on Cedrus libani seedling development and nutrient uptake." Forest Systems 33, no. 2 (May 31, 2024): e04. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2024332-20816.

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Aim of study: In semi-arid afforestation sites, the study aimed to create mycorrhizal seedlings with high vitality, health, and tolerance to harsh environments. The study's hypotheses state that mycorrhizal inoculation will improve Cedrus libani (Taurus cedar) seedlings' growth characteristics, nutrition, root colonization, and mycorrhizal reliance. Area of study: The Eastern Mediterranean Research Institute laboratory and greenhouse in Tarsus district-Mersin, Türkiye. Material and methods: The experiment involved inoculation of three ectomycorrhizal fungal species (Lactarius delicious, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Tricholoma ustale) collected from natural cedar stands on to cedar seedlings grown in two different substrates (sterilized, non-sterilized. Inoculation was carried out by dipping the roots of Cedrus libani A. Rich (Taurus cedar) seedlings into mycorrhizal mycelia. Main results: Cedar seedlings infected with mycorrhiza exhibited a greater biomass ratio in comparison to the control seedlings. Substrate sterilization increased seedling growth variables. The highest growth, some nutrients such as N, P, K, Fe and Zn uptake, root colonization and mycorrhizal dependence occurred in seedlings with H. crustuliniforme and L. delicious. Research highlights: Although this study is limited to Taurus cedar-mycorrhiza combinations, it may also be applicable to different mycorrhizal fungal species and many other valuable host tree species. More research is needed on the adaptation of different mycorrhizal species to habitats to increase the success of afforestation efforts in arid and semi-arid regions.

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Semaan, M., and R. Haber. "IN SITU CONSERVATION OF CEDRUS LIBANI IN LEBANON." Acta Horticulturae, no. 615 (September 2003): 415–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.615.47.

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MERCIMEK TAKCI, Hatice Aysun. "EFFECT OF CEDAR (CEDRUS LIBANI A. RICH) TAR ON BACTERIAL GROWTH." Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences 9, no. 4 (2020): 805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2020.9.4.805-808.

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Hajar, Lara, Louis François, Carla Khater, Ihab Jomaa, Michel Déqué, and Rachid Cheddadi. "Cedrus libani (A. Rich) distribution in Lebanon: Past, present and future." Comptes Rendus Biologies 333, no. 8 (August 2010): 622–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2010.05.003.

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Özçelik, Ramazan, Quang V. Cao, Esteban Gómez-García, Felipe Crecente-Campo, and Ünal Eler. "Modeling Dominant Height Growth of Cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich) Stands in Turkey." Forest Science 65, no. 6 (June 10, 2019): 725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz038.

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Abstract Sustainable forest management requires accurate prediction from a growth and yield system. Such a system relies heavily on some measure of site productivity, which is often the site index. A model was developed for predicting dominant height growth and site index of even-aged cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) stands in Turkey. Stem-analysis data from 148 trees were used for model development and validation. Six dynamic height–age equations were derived using the generalized algebraic difference approach (GADA). Autocorrelation was modeled by expanding the error term as an autoregressive process. Based on numerical and graphical analysis, a GADA formulation derived from the Chapman–Richards model was selected. Based on relative error in dominant height prediction, 80 years was selected as the best reference age. The resulting equation provided the best compromise between biological and statistical aspects and, therefore, is recommended for height growth prediction and site classification of cedar stands in Turkey.

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Başer, K. H. C., and B. Demirçakmak. "The essential oil of taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. rich): Recent results." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 31, no. 1 (January 1995): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01167563.

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ÇALIKOĞLU, Mehmet, Alper Ahmet ÖZBEY, and Halil İbrahim YOLCU. "20th years’ results of Cedrus species and provenance adaptation trials established in cool and semi-arid variant of supra-mediterranean bioclimatic stratum’s in the south western Turkey." Theoretical and Applied Forestry 1, no. 2 (November 5, 2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53463/tafor.2021vol1iss2pp51-56.

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Twenty provenances of Atlas Cedar, three provenances of Lebanon Cedar and two provenances of Cyprus Cedar had subjected to 20 year adaptation trials in Soutwestern Mediterrenean Elmalı and Keçiborlu locations where Supra-Mediterranean (cool,semi-arid) Bioclimatic conditions prevail. According to 20 year’s results, it was determined that Algerian Atlas cedar, Lebanon cedar and Cyprus cedar provenances had adaptation capability to mentioned conditions. Nevertheless, Morocco provenances of Atlas cedar had lower adaptation hence vulnerability to expected climate change due to global warming.

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Fidan, M. Said, Ş. Şadiye Yaşar, Mehmet Yaşar, Musa Atar, and Elif Alkan. "Characterization of the Combustion Parameters of Impregnated and Varnished Cedar Wood (Cedrus libani)." Forest Products Journal 66, no. 5-6 (September 2016): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-15-00063.

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Zgheib, Raviella, Marc El Beyrouthy, Youssef El Rayess, Mira Dahi, Nancy Nehme, Samar Azzi-Achkouty, and Marcello Iriti. "Effect of geographical origin on yield and composition of cone essential oils of Cedrus libani A. Rich. growing in Lebanese protected areas and variability assessment in comparison with literature survey." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 75, no. 7-8 (July 28, 2020): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2019-0172.

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AbstractGas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis together with principal component analysis revealed that geographical origin influenced the yield and composition of the essential oils (EOs) extracted by hydrodistillation performed for 3 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus, from the cones of Cedrus libani A. Rich., growing wild at four Lebanese natural reserves and protected areas: Bsharri, Chouf, Ehden, and Tannourine, and from a cultivated cedar growing in Qartaba. Essential oil chemical variability established between the different studied provenances suggested the involvement of abiotic factors such as geographical conditions, cultivation conditions, soil composition, and environmental factors in the chemical polymorphism of C. libani cones EOs. α-Pinene/β-pinene characterized Ehden (β-pinene 35.6%/α-pinene 27.7%), Chouf (α-pinene 37.3%/β-pinene 26.1%), Bsharri (α-pinene 27.7%/β-pinene 21.4%), and Tannourine (α-pinene 25.1%/β-pinene 16.0%) samples, whereas Qartaba EO was distinguished by the dominance of myrcene (30.6%), α-pinene(26%), and limonene (14.1%). Comparison with the existing literature reinforced the chemical variability of C. libani EOs. This current study helped the estimation of a best harvest location for a good EO quality production, resource optimization, and pharmacological properties evaluation, according to the market demand.

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Ибрагим, А. А., E. К. Кубайлы, and А. М. Tабит. "МОНИТОРИНГ СОСТОЯНИЯ ЛЕСОВ КЕДРА ЛИВАНСКОГО В СИРИЙСКОЙ АРАБСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ГЕОПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ." Vestnik of Volga State University of Technology Series Forest. Ecology. Nature Management, no. 2(50) (July 12, 2021): 5–12. https://doi.org/10.25686/2306-2827.2021.2.5.

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Введение. Дистанционный мониторинг и картографирование лесных территорий с использованием новейших технологических достижений в области спутниковых изображений является альтернативным решением для устойчивого лесопользования по сравнению с традиционными наземными измерениями. Материалы дистанционного зондирования представляют собой важный источник информации для мониторинга изменений в растительном покрове. Целью данного исследования явилась оценка изменений в статусе сохранности естественных насаждений кедра ливанского (Cedrus libani) в их единственной естественной среде обитания на территории Сленфех и Джавбат Бургал Сирийской Арабской Республики (САР) за 1984–2014 гг. с помощью дистанционного зондирования и ГИС. В работе были использованы 17 изображений нормализованного дифференцированного вегетационного индекса (NDVI) по данным Landsat 4, 5 и 8 за исследуемый период. Результаты показали значительную тенденцию к увеличению NDVI для естественных насаждений кедра ливанского на территории Сленфехе и Джавбат-Бургале САР в период 1984–2014 гг. Выводы. Естественные насаждения кедра в Сирии находятся в устойчивом состоянии и, следовательно, способны к естественному лесовозобновлению и росту, особенно при применении соответствующих лесоводственных мероприятий. Advanced monitoring and mapping of forest areas using the latest technological advances in satellite imagery is an alternative solution for sustainable forest management compared to conventional ground measurements. Remote sensing products have been a key source of information and cost-effective option for monitoring changes in vegetation areas. The aim of this study is to assess the changes in conservation status of the natural stands of Cedrus Libani A. Richard (C. libani) in their only natural habitat in Syria, Slenfeh and Jawbat Burghal, during the period 1984-2014 by using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). 17 various Landsat images; Landsat 4, 5 and 8 and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used during the period 1984-2014.The results showed a signiﬁcant increase trend of NDVI for the natural stands of C. libani in Slenfeh and Jawbat Burghal during 1984-2014; which reflects the good health status of the natural Cedar stands in Syria and thus its ability to fruit and regenerate naturally especially when appropriate sylvicultural treatments are applied.

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YILMAZ, Mustafa, and Fatih TONGUÇ. "Effects of Temperature Treatments on the Germination of Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) Seeds." Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 17, no. 4 (June 30, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18016/ksujns.42359.

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Semaan, Myrna T., and Richard S. Dodd. "Genetic variability and structure of the remnant natural populations of Cedrus libani (Pinaceae) of Lebanon." Tree Genetics & Genomes 4, no. 4 (April 2, 2008): 757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11295-008-0148-y.

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Piola, F., R. Rohr, and P. Heizmann. "Rapid detection of genetic variation within and among in vitro propagated cedar (Cedrus libani Loudon) clones." Plant Science 141, no. 2 (February 1999): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9452(98)00229-5.

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Fidan, M. Said, Ş. Şadiye Yaşar, Mehmet Yaşar, Musa Atar, and Elif Alkan. "Effect of seasonal changes on the combustion characteristics of impregnated cedar ( Cedrus libani A. Rich.) wood." Construction and Building Materials 106 (March 2016): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.133.

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Piola, F., P. Label, P. Vergne, P. von Aderkas, and R. Rohr. "Effects of endogenous ABA levels and temperature on cedar ( Cedrus libani Loudon) bud dormancy in vitro." Plant Cell Reports 18, no. 3-4 (December 1, 1998): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050571.

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Yılmaz, Osman Yalçın, Ali Kavgacı, Orhan Sevgi, Erdal Örtel, Hüseyin Barış Tecimen, Abdurrahman Çobanoğlu, and İsmet Yeşil. "Scale‐dependent intraspecific competition of Taurus cedar ( Cedrus libani A. Rich.) saplings in the Southern Turkey." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 22 (October 29, 2019): 12802–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5757.

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40

Taşkın, Hatıra, Tülin Eker, Fuat Bozok, Hasan Hüseyin Doğan, and Saadet Büyükalaca. "Determination of Multiple Antioxidant Activities of Endemic Tricholoma anatolicum H.H Doğan & Intini Collected from Turkey." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 11 (October 28, 2018): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i11.1582-1585.2043.

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Tricholoma anatolicum H.H. Doğan & Intini is known as the most prized mushroom species in Feke region of Turkey. This mushroom species is collected from Cedar (Cedrus libani) forests and therefore is named as Cedar mushroom in this region. It is collected and consumed by local collectors and also exported to Far East countries such as Japan by exporting companies. Therefore, it is important to investigate the nutritional and medical importance of this species. The aim of this study is to reveal the antioxidant activity of methanol extract in different concentrations (1, 2 and 4 mg/mL) of T. anatolicum H.H. Doğan & Intini collected from Feke district of Adana province of Turkey in 2015. In this study, it was determined that total phenolic content of this mushroom was 56 mg/kg. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) and reducing power (RP) activities given in trolox (µM) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) given in FeSO4 (µM) were found as 449, 180, 337 and 2 at the highest concentration (4 mg/mL), respectively. As a result, it could be suggested that methanol extract of T. anatolicum H.H. Doğan & Intini has significantly antioxidant activity.

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Temiz, Ebru, Kadir Egi, Ismail Koyuncu, Ozg ksekdag, Yusuf Kurt, Murat Tiken, S. Akmese, Mehmet Enes, and Yazan Awad. "Metabolic Effects of Cedar Tar on Colon Cancer Cell Line (HCT-116): A Follow-up Study." Annals of Medical Research 29, no. 10 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2022.07.216.

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Objective: Colon cancer (CC) is considered to be the most common cancers seen worldwide. Surgery and chemotherapy are the leading methods used in treatment. In recent years, the therapeutic properties of natural products have been investigated and used in drug development. Cedrus libani plant that normally grows in Syria and Turkey, some studies have shown that the plant’s extract (cedar tar) has anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties on colon cancer. Recently, metabolic changes have been identified as the hallmark of cancer, and various metabolic drugs are being investigated in clinical trials. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of cedar tar on the amino acid metabolism of colon cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Colon cancer cells (HCT-116) were homogenized in cold PBS medium after incubation with 30 µg/mL dose of cedar tar for 24 hours in appropriate medium. The intracellular free amino acid profile in the samples was analyzed by LC-MS/MS method. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was done with SPSS and MetaboAnalyst 5.0 program. Results: According to the statistical analysis results, significant positive correlations were found between β-alanine, anserine amino acids and apoptotic effects of cedar tar between the untreated control and cedar tar-treated groups, while a negative correlation was found with O-Phosphorylethanolamine amino acid. Conclusion: By increasing the levels of β-alanine and anserine amino acids in colon cancer cells, cedar tar reduces both the metastatic character of the cells and inhibits tumor formation; It caused cell proliferation and energy deprivation by reducing the level of O-Phosphorylethanolamine amino acid, which is defined as a pro-tumorigenic metabolite. Cedar tar both triggered apoptosis and changed amino acid metabolism in colon cancer cells. It has been determined that cedar tar has the potential to be used as a natural product in the treatment of colon cancer.

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Durkaya, B., A. Durkaya, E. Makineci, and M. Ülküdür. "Estimation of above-ground biomass and sequestered carbon of Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani L.) in Antalya, Turkey." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2013): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor0899-006.

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TAKCI, Hatice Aysun MERCIMEK, Filiz Ucan TURKMEN, and Mehmet SARI. "In vitro mutagenic effect of cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich) tar in the salmonella/microsome assay system." Banat's Journal of Biotechnology X, no. 20 (November 4, 2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7904/2068-4738-x(20)-13.

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Jezzini, Noura, Nadine Nassif, Valentina Mereu, Ghaleb Faour, Georges Hassoun, and Maurizio Mulas. "Land Suitability Analysis for Forests in Lebanon as a Tool for Informing Reforestation under Climate Change Conditions." Forests 14, no. 9 (September 17, 2023): 1893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14091893.

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Along with the concept of improving reforestation efforts in Lebanon, this study aimed to provide a land suitability analysis for forest species in Lebanon while considering the effect of climate change. Herein, the soil evaluation criteria developed by FAO (The Food and Agriculture Organization) for land suitability classification were implemented through the weighted overlay method to produce suitability maps based on natural variables (soil, climate, and topography) influencing the presence of the species on the land. Cedrus libani, Quercus calliprinos, Ceratonia siliqua, Eucalyptus globulus, and Pinus halepensis are the species considered in this study. The results of this study provide useful information to inform reforestation activities in Lebanon, considering the expected climate change projections for medium- (2050) and long-term (2070) periods, according to two different scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and three General Circulation Models: CCSM4, GFDL-CM3, and HadGEM2-ES. The suitability maps showed a generally critical situation for the spatial distribution of forest species under future climate change compared to the current situation (1970–2000). The distribution of thermophilic species, which tolerate high temperatures (over 20 °C), was projected to expand compared to the current situation. In contrast, the expansion of cold-adapted species may be limited by future climate change conditions. It is crucial to consider the expected effects of climate change to better select species for reforestation and, therefore, to maintain forest cover in Lebanon.

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Zakharenko, G. S., and V. E. Sevastyanov. "INFLUENCE OF WEATHER AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF VEGETATIVE SHOOTS AND GENERATIVE ORGANS OF THE LEBANESE CEDAR (CEDRUS LIBANI A. RICH.) IN CRIMEA." Ekosistemy, no. 27 (2021): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2414-4738-2021-27-128-138.

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Research of effect of prolonged drought on the development of vegetative organs of Lebanese cedar in the territory of Crimea, revealed that, though it generally is highly drought resistant, it nevertheless reacts to a lack of moisture by a certain decrease in annual growth and leaf length. To a greater extent, this reaction is registered on the Southern coast of Crimea than in the Foothill zone of the peninsula, which is probably due to the different soil conditions of these zones. The results of mathematical processing showed that the correlation coefficient between the length of shoots of Lebanese cedar growing on the Southern coast of Crimea and the amount of precipitation here in the period from January to June of the corresponding year is rshoots=0.865, and between the length of leaves and the amount of precipitation for the specified period rleaves=0.988. Along with the decrease in shoot growth and leaf size, a significant increase in the number of Lebanese cedar trees with male characteristics (male and monoecious) and the decrease in the number of plants forming only female cones were recorded in the dry 2019 and 2020 years. At the same time, the fact that Lebanese cedar formed a significant number of generative organs even in conditions of drought in Crimea is evidence of its considerable adaptation in the studied area, while changes in reproductive structure indicate the ability of the species to adequately respond to water stress. Data on damage to Cedrus libani trees by freezing winter temperatures during abnormally severe winters and their subsequent regeneration indicate the high plasticity of the vegetative system of this species and its ability to effectively recover both after massive freezing of the leaf apparatus and the shoot system.

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Halil Baris Ozel, Bircan Donduran, Erkan Cakmakli, and Hakan Sevik. "Factors affecting success in natural regeneration works of cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) In Kas region of Antalya." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 6, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 054–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.6.2.0127.

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Atilgan, Abdi. "Effect of silane-siloxane based water-repellent impregnant on the dimensional stability of some wood species." BioResources 18, no. 4 (August 25, 2023): 7172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.4.7172-7185.

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A silane-siloxane based water-repellent substance (S-WR) was used as an impregnation material for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold), sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.), and cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich). In the impregnation process, the immersion method was carried out for various periods (30 min, 3 h, and 24 h). Following impregnation, physical properties of the wood (retention, contraction, expansion, water intake rate, specific gravity, etc.) were determined. The retention was highest in sessile oak wood (0.96%) and lowest in black pine wood (0.24%). The highest specific gravity value was found in stemless oak (0.86 g/cm³) impregnated for 24 h, and the lowest air-dry specific gravity value was found in Scots pine (0.40 g/cm³) impregnated for 30 minutes Absolutely dry (0% humidity) specific gravity was highest in sessile oak for 24 h (0.83 g/cm³). Shrinkage was highest in the sessile oak control sample (13.5%). The expansion amount was highest in the cedar wood control sample (17.5%) and lowest in sessile oak wood (1.66%). The highest water uptake rate (SAO) was determined in Scots pine wood at 96 h (105%), and the lowest in sessile oak wood in 24 h (8.80%). In summary, silane-siloxane based water-repellent impregnation material was found to be effective in providing dimensional stability in wood.

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Razzaghi, Somayyeh. "Unraveling the Impact of Diverse Vegetative Covers on Soil Carbon Fractions." Sustainability 17, no. 3 (January 28, 2025): 1080. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031080.

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Evaluating SOC lability is crucial for sustainable agriculture policies and environmental quality. This study assessed the impact of well-stocked forest cover on SOC pools and lability compared to shrubby soil. Geo-referenced soils under Red pine (Pinus brutia), Black pine (Pinus nigra), Cedar (Cedrus libani), Fir (Abies cilicia), Juniper (Juniperus excelsa), Oak (Quercus L.), Carob (Ceratonia siliqua), and degraded shrubs were collected from a depth of 0 to 30 cm in the Seyhan River Basin, Mediterranean Turkey. The analysis of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil AC (active carbon), and PC (passive carbon) were analyzed to understand soil carbon management across diverse vegetation types. Juniper forests have the highest SOC (27.98 g/kg) and PC (27.35 g/kg), followed by Cedar (SOC: 27.64 g/kg, PC: 27.05 g/kg) and Fir (SOC: 26.44 g/kg, PC: 25.85 g/kg). Shrubby areas have the lowest SOC (4.06 g/kg) and PC (3.61 g/kg). The Oak soil had the highest CLI (1.16), suggesting a relatively higher proportion of labile carbon than other forests. CPI indicates forests have a greater carbon storage capacity (1.09) compared to shrublands (0.18), with forests also having a higher CMI (0.83). The findings emphasize the critical role of forests, especially Juniper forests, in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation within the Seyhan River Basin in Turkey.

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إبراهيم, عبير, عماد قبيلي, and علي ثابت. "تأثير الأمطار والحرارة على المؤشر النباتي NDVI للأرز اللبناني Cedrus Libani A. Richard في سورية = Effects of Precipitation and Temperature on the Vegetation Index NDVI of Lebanese Cedar Cedrus Libani A. Richard in Syria." Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 12, no. 4 (December 2016): 1289–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0035085.

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Epron, Daniel. "Effects of drought on photosynthesis and on the thermotolerance of photosystem II in seedlings of cedar (Cedrus atlanticaandC. libani)." Journal of Experimental Botany 48, no. 10 (1997): 1835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/48.10.1835.

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