Journal articles: 'CdO Nanoparticle'

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Rajkamal, N., K. Sambathkumar, M. Venkatachalapathy, and V. Latha. "Synthesis, structural, morphological, functional, optical and particle size enhanced cadmium oxide nanoparticles on electro-chemical applications." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 18, no. 1 (January 2023): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2023.181.83.

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The co-precipitation technique of cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles in aqueous solutions at high temperatures was employed in this investigation. The potential for electrochemical activity was studied. Thus, a powder X-ray diffractometer was used to quantitatively evaluate the Scherer-calculated crystallite grain size and dislocation density. Scanning electron microscopy imaging and analysis revealed the distinct shape and structure of CdO nanoparticles. The above-mentioned nanoparticles were sorted into their respective functional groups by FTIR spectroscopy. The CdO nanoparticle size was measured in the nanometre range using a dilution-based particle size analyzer. There was a significant improvement in the CdO nanoparticles' ability to absorb UV-visible light. Their unique colours of light were made visible in the spectrum of their fluorescence emission, which allowed them to be clearly authenticated. An electrochemical probe into the phenomenon of super capacitance has revealed its fundamental characteristics. This CdO nanomaterial might be useful for scientific investigation.

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Heidari, Alireza. "Study of Physical Properties of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) and CdO/DNA/RNA Nanostructures Thin Layers Produced by Spray Pyrolysis Technique for Manufacturing Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Nanoparticles and Evaluation of the Effect of DNA/RNA Doping on Their Optical Characteristics." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2686.

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In the current research, Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles are produced by ultrasonic waves and the effect of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) doping on their optical and structural characteristics are investigated. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms extension of peaks and formation of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles. Absorption spectra for the produced samples are shown that addition of DNA/RNA affects the spectrum and absorption edge shifts towards blue region which is due to reduction of nanoparticle size and it confirms by SEM images. In addition, SEM images show the formation of approximately single size ellipsoidal nanostructures for pure Cadmium Oxide (CdO). However, the size, form and distribution of nanoparticles are varied after doping. On the other hand, in the current paper, Cadmium Oxide (CdO) and DNA/RNA/Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanostructures thin layers are produced using spray pyrolysis technique over a glassy substrate. Annealing of CdO thin layer for half an hour in the air leads to improvement of crystalline structure. Optical characteristics and crystalline structure of samples are studied through X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The results of the current study were shown that CdO thin layers are of hexagonal structure. Further, optical gaff of CdO/DNA/RNA/glass thin layer is increased compared to CdO/glass layer.

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Rasha H. Ahmed, Abdul Majeed E. Ibrahim, and Kadhim A. Aadem. "Effect of laser energy on grain size of cadmium oxide nanoparticles in ethanol by PLD method." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 23, no. 7 (January 26, 2023): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v23i7.701.

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The Pulse laser deposition technique was used in the preparation of nanoparticle solutions (CdO) using Nd:YAG laser and five deposition energies (400, 500, 600, 700 and 800 mJ) with fixed pulses (300 pulse and 6 Hz) was used . (CdO) nanoparticles were deposited on glass substrate at (300C°) to study structure properties and formed thin films of thickness (200 nm). The grain size of cadmium oxide nanoparticles in ethanol have been found to be affected by the laser energy , The results of the AFM tests showed that the higher the deposition energies, the greater the higher the grain size.

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Muhammed, Suaad A. A., and Nada K. Abass. "Biosynthesis and Characterization of CdO: Ag NPs using Moringa Leaves Extract for Use as Anti-microbial Activity." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 01 (March 25, 2023): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.11.

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The current research focuses on synthesizing cadmium oxide (CdO), CdO: Ag nanoparticle (NPs) by green method using the Moringa leaves Extract (MLE) and its anti-microbial activity. Using UV-vis spectroscopy to determine the formation of CdO: Ag NPs where the energy gap of the prepared samples was 2.79, 2.67, and 2.46 for CdO, CdO: Ag 3% and CdO: Ag 5%, respectively. The biological substances in responsibility of capping the produced NPs were identifi ed using FTIR. The NPs were further characterized by X-ray diff ractograms (XRD). The average grain size for CdO, CdO: Ag (3 and 5%) were 15.322, 15.5, and 36.84 nm, respectively, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and atomic force microscope (AFM), were obtained the average diameter 18.88, 43.48, 99.15 nm for CdO, CdO: Ag 3% and CdO: Ag 5%, respectively. The anti-bacterial activity of green synthesized CdO: Ag(NPS) was investigated against (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia) at diff erent concentrations, showing clear inhibition zones from 30 to 38 mm, thereby indicating its inhibitory activity.

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Umar, Ahmad, Ramesh Kumar, Mohinder Singh Chauhan, Rajesh Kumar, Ahmed A. Ibrahim, Mohsen A. M. Alhamami, Hassan Algadi, and Mohammad Shaheer Akhtar. "Effective Fluorescence Detection of Hydrazine and the Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Dye Using CdO-ZnO Nanocomposites." Coatings 12, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 1959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121959.

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CdO-ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized using a simple solution approach, and several characterization approaches were used to examine the morphological, structural, phase, vibrational, optical, and compositional properties of these CdO-ZnO nanocomposites. The FESEM study revealed the development of aggregates ranging in size from 250 nm to 500 nm. These aggregates were composed of various CdO-ZnO nanoparticle shapes and sizes. XRD investigation revealed hexagonal wurtzite and cubic phases in ZnO and CdO, respectively. The crystal size was 28.06 nm. The band-gap energy of the produced nanocomposites was calculated using UV-Vis analysis and was determined to be 2.55 eV. The CdO-ZnO nanocomposites were employed as a promising material for the effective fluorescence detection of hydrazine and for the quicker photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye. Within 120 min of UV light exposure, the RhB dye was 87.0% degraded in the presence of the CdO-ZnO nanocomposites and the degradation process followed zero-order and pseudo-first-order kinetics. Based on 3σ IUPAC criteria, the limit of detection for fluorescent hydrazine sensing was 28.01 µM. According to the results presented here, CdO-ZnO nanocomposites may function as both a photocatalyst for the breakdown of organic pollutants as well as an effective luminous sensor for the detection of harmful analytes.

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Hossain, Sk Tofajjen, and Samir Kumar Mukherjee. "CdO Nanoparticle Toxicity on Growth, Morphology, and Cell Division in Escherichia coli." Langmuir 28, no. 48 (November 16, 2012): 16614–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la302872y.

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Gültekin, Aytaç, Gamze Karanfil, Faruk Özel, Mahmut Kuş, Ridvan Say, and Savaş Sönmezoğlu. "Synthesis and characterisations of Au-nanoparticle-doped TiO2 and CdO thin films." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 75, no. 6 (June 2014): 775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2014.01.011.

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Das, Anjan. "Removal of defects in CdO nanoparticle and rapid synthesis of CdO nanoflake using novel microwave technique to improve semiconductor device performance." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 10 (March 13, 2021): 858–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v14i10.1965.

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Kadhim, Khalid Ridha, and Raghad Y. Mohammed. "Effect of Annealing Time on Structure, Morphology, and Optical Properties of Nanostructured CdO Thin Films Prepared by CBD Technique." Crystals 12, no. 9 (September 18, 2022): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12091315.

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Nanostructured cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. Different deposition parameters such as deposition time, bath temperature, pH, and CdSO4 concentration have been considered to specify the optimum conditions to obtain uniform and well-adherent thin films. The thin films prepared under these optimum conditions were annealed for different times (20, 40, and 60 min) at 300 °C, where no previous studies had been done to study the effect of annealing time. The XRD analysis showed that the as-deposited film is Cd(OH)2 with a hexagonal phase. While all the annealed films are CdO with a cubic phase. The crystallite size increases with the annealing time. However, the strain, dislocation density, and the number of crystallites were found to be decreased with annealing time. SEM images of annealed films showed a spherical nanoparticle with an average of particle size 80–46 nm. EDX analysis revealed that the ratio of cadmium to oxygen increases with increasing the annealing time to 40 min. The optical characterization shows that the transmittance is in the range of 63–73% and the energy gap is in the range of 2.61–2.56 eV. It has been found that the transmittance increased and the energy gap decreased with the annealing time. The prepared CdO films can be used in photodegradation applications to remove pollutants from water.

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Chaudhari, Sudeshna, A. B. Gaikwad, and P. P. Patil. "Synthesis and corrosion protection aspects of poly(o-toluidine)/CdO nanoparticle composite coatings on mild steel." Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 7, no. 1 (February 7, 2009): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11998-008-9160-2.

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11

Mohanraj, K., D. Balasubramanian, and J. Chandrasekaran. "Synthesis and characterization of ruthenium-doped CdO nanoparticle and its n-RuCdO/p-Si junction diode application." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 779 (March 2019): 762–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.11.264.

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12

Salih, Sihama I. "Effect of Sb2O3 and/or CdO nanoparticle substitution on the properties of high-TC superconducting Bi1.6-x SbxPb0.4Sr2Ca2-yCdyCu3OZ material." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 16, no. 36 (October 1, 2018): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v16i36.32.

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High temperature superconductors materials with composition Bi1.6-xSbxPb0.4Sr2Ca2-yCdyCu3OZ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) and (y = 0.01 and 0.02), were prepared by using the chemical reaction in solid-state ways, and test influence of partial replacement of Bi and Ca with Sb and Cd respectively on the superconducting properties, all samples were sintered at the same temperature (850 oC) and for the same time (195 h). The structural analysis of the prepared samples was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements performed at room temperature, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dc electrical resistivity was measured as a function of temperature. It was found that the sample prepared by partial substitution of Sb at ratio (x= 0.2) and Cd with ratio (y=0.01), has the maximum value of zero resistance temperature, where was the TC(onset) and TC(0) values for this sample are (140 K) and (123 K) respectively, and XRD results reveal that this sample has the highest percentage of Bi- 2223 phase, as well as the analysis of XRD patterns of the prepared materials showed polycrystalline structure and signalize that all samples had an orthorhombic crystalline structure. It was concluded that Sb2O3 nanoparticles it may be acts as a flux agent in the matrix to lower the partial melting temperature of the samples and that leads to the promotion of the high-TC phase.

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Rahman, Mohammed M., Mohammad Musarraf Hussain, and Abdullah M. Asiri. "A glutathione biosensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with CdO nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes in a nafion matrix." Microchimica Acta 183, no. 12 (October 20, 2016): 3255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00604-016-1987-0.

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Moreira, T. F. M., I. L. Santana, M. N. Moura, S. A. D. Ferreira, M. F. F. Lelis, and M. B. J. G. Freitas. "Recycling of negative electrodes from spent Ni-Cd batteries as CdO with nanoparticle sizes and its application in remediation of azo dye." Materials Chemistry and Physics 195 (July 2017): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2017.04.009.

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15

Pahlavan, Ali, Hassan Karimi-Maleh, Fatemeh Karimi, Mohsen Aboukazempour Amiri, Zahra Khoshnama, Mandana Roodbari Shahmiri, and Mohsen Keyvanfard. "Application of CdO nanoparticle ionic liquid modified carbon paste electrode as a high sensitive biosensor for square wave voltammetric determination of NADH." Materials Science and Engineering: C 45 (December 2014): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2014.09.013.

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Neef, Tobias, Igal Ifergan, Sara Beddow, Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster, Kathryn Haskins, Lonnie D. Shea, Joseph R. Podojil, and Stephen D. Miller. "Tolerance Induced by Antigen-Loaded PLG Nanoparticles Affects the Phenotype and Trafficking of Transgenic CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells." Cells 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2021): 3445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123445.

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We have shown that PLG nanoparticles loaded with peptide antigen can reduce disease in animal models of autoimmunity and in a phase 1/2a clinical trial in celiac patients. Clarifying the mechanisms by which antigen-loaded nanoparticles establish tolerance is key to further adapting them to clinical use. The mechanisms underlying tolerance induction include the expansion of antigen-specific CD4+ regulatory T cells and sequestration of autoreactive cells in the spleen. In this study, we employed nanoparticles loaded with two model peptides, GP33–41 (a CD8 T cell epitope derived from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) and OVA323–339 (a CD4 T cell epitope derived from ovalbumin), to modulate the CD8+ and CD4+ T cells from two transgenic mouse strains, P14 and DO11.10, respectively. Firstly, it was found that the injection of P14 mice with particles bearing the MHC I-restricted GP33–41 peptide resulted in the expansion of CD8+ T cells with a regulatory cell phenotype. This correlated with reduced CD4+ T cell viability in ex vivo co-cultures. Secondly, both nanoparticle types were able to sequester transgenic T cells in secondary lymphoid tissue. Flow cytometric analyses showed a reduction in the surface expression of chemokine receptors. Such an effect was more prominently observed in the CD4+ cells rather than the CD8+ cells.

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Arabali, Vahid, Mahmoud Ebrahimi, Maryam Abbasghorbani, Vinod Kumar Gupta, Mohammad Farsi, M. R. Ganjali, and Fatemeh Karimi. "Electrochemical determination of vitamin C in the presence of NADH using a CdO nanoparticle/ionic liquid modified carbon paste electrode as a sensor." Journal of Molecular Liquids 213 (January 2016): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2015.10.001.

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Somasundaram, Gopi, and Jayaprakash Rajan. "Ascendancy of Polianthes tuberosa, Nerium oleander, Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Dalia flower Extracts on CdO Nanoparticle Morphologies and Their Effectiveness in Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Activities." Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 29, no. 6 (May 7, 2019): 2145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10904-019-01174-4.

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Powell, Thomas, Naveen Palath, Mary DeRome, Jie Tang, Andrea Jacobs, and James Boyd. "Totally synthetic nanoparticle vaccines produced via layer-by-layer assembly of polypeptide films induce protective T-cell responses (52.14)." Journal of Immunology 184, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2010): 52.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.52.14.

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Abstract Nanoparticle vaccines were synthesized using layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of oppositely-charged polypeptides to build up an artificial film on CaCO3 nanocores. Designed peptides (DP) containing antigenic epitopes of interest were incorporated into the layers of the film, yielding nanoparticles that delivered the DP payload to dendritic cells via phagocytosis. LbL nanoparticles induced DC maturation without triggering secretion of inflammatory cytokines including TNFα and IL-6. LbL nanoparticle delivery of DP to DC resulted in potent cross-presentation to CD8+ T-cells and more efficient presentation to CD4+ T-cells compared to presentation of soluble peptide. Mice immunized with a single dose of LbL nanoparticles without adjuvant mounted vigorous T-cell responses detectable by IFNγ and IL-4 ELISPOT and in vivo CTL assay. Mice immunized with nanoparticles containing ovalbumin-derived DP were protected from challenge with Listeria monocytogenes ectopically expressing ovalbumin. Similar to the in vitro DC maturation results, immunization with LbL nanoparticles did not induce inflammatory symptoms locally (injection site reaction) or systemically (serum cytokine spike). The potency and efficacy of polypeptide LbL nanoparticles administered in aqueous suspension without adjuvant or other formulation additive, and the absence of overt inflammatory responses, suggest that this strategy may be useful in producing novel vaccines against multiple diseases.

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Zheng, Ai-Ping, Jian-Cheng Wang, Wan-Liang Lu, Xuan Zhang, Hua Zhang, Xue-Qing Wang, and Qiang Zhang. "Thymopentin-Loaded pH-Sensitive Chitosan Nanoparticles for Oral Administration: Preparation, Characterization, and Pharmacodynamics." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2936–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.451.

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Thymopentin, a potent immunomodulating drug, was incorporated into pH-sensitive chitosan nanoparticles prepared by ionic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions and then coated with Eudragit S100 to improve the stability and the oral bioavailability. Nanoparticles particle size and zeta potential were measured by photo correction spectroscopy and laser Dopper anemometry. Its morphology was examined by environment scan electron microscope. The encapsulation efficiency and the release in vitro were determined by HPLC. Enzymatic stabilization was expressed by the enzymatic degradation of aminopeptidase. Biological activity of TP5 loaded in nanoparticles was assayed by lymphocyte proliferation test in vitro and the immune function (CD4+/CD8+) of irradiated rat in vivo. The results obtained demonstrated that the average sizes of pH-sensitive chitosan nanoparticles were 175.6 ± 17 nm, the zeta potential was 28.44 ± 0.5 mV and the encapsulation efficiency was 76.70 ± 2.6%. The cumulative release percentages of thymopentin from the pH-sensitive nanoparticles were 24.65%, 41.01%, and 81.44% incubated in different medium, 0.1 N HCl, pH 5.0 PBS, and pH 7.4 PBS, respectively. The pH-sensitive chitosan nanoparticles could efficiently protect TP5 from enzymatic degradation and prolong the degradation half-time of TP5 from 1.5 min to 15 min. It was demonstrated from the lymphocyte proliferation test that the nanoparticle-encapsulated TP5 still kept its biological activity. In immunosuppression rats, the lowered T-lymphocyte subsets values were significantly increased and the raised CD4+/CD8+ ratio was evidently reduced. These results indicated that pH-sensitive chitosan nanoparticles may be used as the vector in oral drug delivery system for TP5.

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Look, Michael W., Eric Stern, Qin Wang, Leah DiPlacido, Joseph E. Craft, and Tarek M. Fahmy. "Lupus immunotherapy using CD4 targeted nanoparticles (48.29)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2009): 48.29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.48.29.

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Abstract The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus is mediated by collaborations between CD4 T cells and B cells with autoantibody production. We propose that the use of biodegradable, nanoparticulate materials that are targeted against CD4 T cells and carry immunosuppressive drugs and proteins can be used to treat lupus. Biodegradable nanoparticles exhibit excellent therapeutic features such as biocompatibility, targeting potential, and controlled release rates of its encapsulated cargo. Here, we report results demonstrating the therapeutic efficacy of using nanoparticles to suppress lupus in NZB/W F1 mice, a lupus prone animal model. NZB/W F1 mice were administered weekly treatments of nanoparticle therapy, and disease progression and survival were monitored. Results show that nanoparticle therapy can delay disease progression and improve survival, using an immunosuppressive drug dosage in nanoparticles that is at least 16-fold less than the amount of immunosuppressive drug administered in buffer. These results suggest that nanoparticle immunotherapy can be used to effectively treat lupus at a lower dosage amount and frequency of dosage than conventional therapeutic regimens. This research is funded by the Wallace H. Coulter Foundation. ML is funded by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) fellowship from the U.S. Department of Defense.

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Boosz, Philipp, Felix Pfister, Rene Stein, Bernhard Friedrich, Lars Fester, Julia Band, Marina Mühlberger, et al. "Citrate-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Enable a Stable Non-Spilling Loading of T Cells and Their Magnetic Accumulation." Cancers 13, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 4143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13164143.

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T cell infiltration into a tumor is associated with a good clinical prognosis of the patient and adoptive T cell therapy can increase anti-tumor immune responses. However, immune cells are often excluded from tumor infiltration and can lack activation due to the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. To make T cells controllable by external forces, we loaded primary human CD3+ T cells with citrate-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Since the efficacy of magnetic targeting depends on the amount of SPION loading, we investigated how experimental conditions influence nanoparticle uptake and viability of cells. We found that loading in the presence of serum improved both the colloidal stability of SPIONs and viability of T cells, whereas stimulation with CD3/CD28/CD2 and IL-2 did not influence nanoparticle uptake. Furthermore, SPION loading did not impair cytokine secretion after polyclonal stimulation. We finally achieved 1.4 pg iron loading per cell, which was both located intracellularly in vesicles and bound to the plasma membrane. Importantly, nanoparticles did not spill over to non-loaded cells. Since SPION-loading enabled efficient magnetic accumulation of T cells in vitro under dynamic conditions, we conclude that this might be a good starting point for the investigation of in vivo delivery of immune cells.

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Tatiparti, Katyayani, Mohd Ahmar Rauf, Samaresh Sau, and Arun K. Iyer. "Carbonic Anhydrase-IX Guided Albumin Nanoparticles for Hypoxia-mediated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Killing and Imaging of Patient-derived Tumor." Molecules 25, no. 10 (May 19, 2020): 2362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102362.

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Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is considered as the most onerous cancer subtype, lacking the estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. Evaluating new markers is an unmet need for improving targeted therapy against TNBC. TNBC depends on several factors, including hypoxia development, which contributes to therapy resistance, immune evasion, and tumor stroma formation. In this study, we studied the curcumin analogue (3,4-Difluorobenzylidene Curcumin; CDF) encapsulated bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticle for tumor targeting. For tumor targeting, we conjugated Acetazolamide (ATZ) with CDF and encapsulated it in the BSA to form a nanoparticle (namely BSA-CDF-ATZ). The in vitro cytotoxicity study suggested that BSA-CDF-ATZ is more efficient when compared to free CDF. The BSA-CDF-ATZ nanoparticles showed significantly higher cell killing in hypoxic conditions compared to normoxic conditions, suggesting better internalization of the nanoparticles into cancer cells under hypoxia. Fluorescent-dye labeled BSA-CDF-ATZ revealed higher cell uptake of the nanoparticle compared to free dye indicative of better delivery, substantiated by a high rate of apoptosis-mediated cell death compared to free CDF. The significantly higher tumor accumulation and low liver and spleen uptake in TNBC patient-derived tumor xenograft models confirm the significant potential of BSA-CDF-ATZ for targeted TNBC imaging and therapy.

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Wobbe, Milena C. C., and Martijn A. Zwijnenburg. "Chemical trends in the optical properties of rocksalt nanoparticles." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 43 (2015): 28892–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp04851f.

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The nature and magnitude of the optical gaps of rocksalt alkaline earth (MgO, CaO, SrO, MgS, MgSe) and transition metal chalcogenide (CdO, PbS) nanoparticles are studied using time-dependent density functional theory calculations.

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Lo, Ying-Chun, Michael Edidin, and Jonathan Powell. "Selective Activation of Antigen-Specific T Cells by Anti-CD3 Constraining Nano-particles (58.15)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2012): 58.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.58.15.

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Abstract Upon antigen (Ag) recognition, TCRs form nanoscale clusters on the T cell surface. We hypothesized that the spatial differences of surface TCR between naïve and previously activated cells might be exploited by using anti-CD3 coated quantum dots (Qdots) to selectively activate Ag-specific cells. Rag-/- Pigeon Cytochrome c (PCC) specific CD4+ T cells were activated with APC +/- PCC with or without anti-CD3 Qdots. Anti-CD3 Qdots markedly enhanced proliferation of T cells incubated with low dose PCC but did not drive proliferation of T cells incubated with APC alone, though such cells proliferated to soluble anti-CD3. Additionally, anti-CD3 Qdots increased cytokine production of such cells in TH1 and TH2 cultures. We also explored the effect of anti-CD3 Qdots on heterogeneous cultures containing Rag+/+ hemagglutinin peptide (HA) specific 6.5+ CD4+ T cells and bystander 6.5- CD4+ T cells. Soluble anti-CD3 resulted in proliferation of both 6.5+ and 6.5- T cells. Cultures including low dose HA induced only 6.5+ T cells to proliferate, and addition of anti-CD3 Qdots further selectively enhanced proliferation of 6.5+ T cells but not 6.5- T cells in the same culture. This effect was again seen using CD8+ TCR transgenic T cells specific for class I HA. In vivo, anti-CD3 Qdots also increased the recovery of 6.5+ cells in a 6.5 adoptive transfer and HA vaccination model. Thus, constraining anti-CD3 on a nanoparticle confers an Ag-specific “nano boost” to T cell proliferation and function.

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Tatinting, Gabriel Dinnydio, Henry F. Aritonang, and Audy D. Wuntu. "SINTESIS NANOPARTIKEL Fe3O4–POLIETILEN GLIKOL (PEG) 6000 DARI PASIR BESI PANTAI HAIS SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LOGAM KADMIUM (Cd)." CHEMISTRY PROGRESS 14, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/cp.14.2.2021.37192.

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Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang sintesis nanopartikel Fe3O4 dari pasir besi pantai Hais dengan metode kopresipitasi dan digunakan sebagai adsorben logam kadmium (Cd). Dalam sintesis nanopartikel tersebut digunakan polietilen glikol (PEG) 6000 sebagai agen penstabil ukuran partikel. Nanopartikel yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-Ray diffractometry (XRD) dan Scanning electron microscope (SEM) dan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan PEG 6000 dapat mempengaruhi ukuran partikel Fe3O4 yang dihasilkan. Selanjutnya nanopartikel Fe3O4-PEG 6000 dianalisis kemampuannya sebagai adsorben logam Cd menggunakan spektofotometer serapan atom (AAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan nanopartikel Fe3O4-PEG 6000 dalam menyerap logam Cd lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan nanopartikel Fe3O4 tanpa penambahan PEG 6000.ABSTRACK A research has been carried out on the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles from the iron sand of Hais beach using the coprecipitation method and the material was used as an adsorbent for Cadmium (Cd) metal. In the synthesis of these nanoparticles, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 was used as a particle size stabilizer. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using X-Ray diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the results showed that the addition of PEG 6000 could affect the particle size of Fe3O4 produced. Furthermore, Fe3O4-PEG 6000 nanoparticles were analyzed for their ability to adsorb Cd2+ ion using Atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that the ability of Fe3O4-PEG 6000 nanoparticles to adsorb Cd2+ ion was better than that of Fe3O4 nanoparticles without the addition of PEG 6000.

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Maldonado, Roberto A., Robert A. LaMothe, Joseph D. Ferrari, Ai-Hong Zhang, Robert J. Rossi, Pallavi N. Kolte, Aaron P. Griset, et al. "Polymeric synthetic nanoparticles for the induction of antigen-specific immunological tolerance." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 2 (December 29, 2014): E156—E165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1408686111.

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Current treatments to control pathological or unwanted immune responses often use broadly immunosuppressive drugs. New approaches to induce antigen-specific immunological tolerance that control both cellular and humoral immune responses are desirable. Here we describe the use of synthetic, biodegradable nanoparticles carrying either protein or peptide antigens and a tolerogenic immunomodulator, rapamycin, to induce durable and antigen-specific immune tolerance, even in the presence of potent Toll-like receptor agonists. Treatment with tolerogenic nanoparticles results in the inhibition of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation, an increase in regulatory cells, durable B-cell tolerance resistant to multiple immunogenic challenges, and the inhibition of antigen-specific hypersensitivity reactions, relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and antibody responses against coagulation factor VIII in hemophilia A mice, even in animals previously sensitized to antigen. Only encapsulated rapamycin, not the free form, could induce immunological tolerance. Tolerogenic nanoparticle therapy represents a potential novel approach for the treatment of allergies, autoimmune diseases, and prevention of antidrug antibodies against biologic therapies.

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Chen, Gangquan, Yaling Wu, Dongping Yu, Rubing Li, Wenyuan Luo, Guifu Ma, and Chao Zhang. "Isoniazid-loaded chitosan/carbon nanotubes microspheres promote secondary wound healing of bone tuberculosis." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 33, no. 7 (December 3, 2018): 989–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328218814988.

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Poor blood circulation makes it difficult for antitubercular drugs to achieve effective bactericidal concentration at tuberculose focus. The residual Mycobacterium tuberculosis around surgical wound would multiply, resulting in nonunion or sinus formation. Carbon nanotubes have strong tissue penetration and can cross many kinds of physiological barriers. Here, we constructed a chitosan/carbon nanotubes nanoparticles to control slow release of isoniazid. Transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking and analysis results showed that the diameter of chitosan/carbon nanotubes nanoparticles was between 150 and 250 nm. Chitosan/carbon nanotubes nanoparticles significantly prolonged the release time of isoniazid, and the release rate was more uniform, no sudden release was observed. In vitro experiments showed that chitosan/carbon nanotubes nanoparticles did not destroy biological function of isoniazid, but could reduce its cytotoxicity and inflammation. We further constructed animal model of tuberculous ulcer. The results showed that isoniazid/chitosan/carbon nanotubes nanoparticles promoted the healing of tuberculosis ulcer. Compared with isoniazid group and isoniazid/carbon nanotubes group, the area of wounds decreased by 94.6% and 89.8%, respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed that CD3+ and CD4+ T cell number decreased significantly in isoniazid/chitosan/carbon nanotubes group. In conclusion, we constructed a kind of isoniazid/chitosan/carbon nanotubes nanoparticles, which can significantly promote the healing of tuberculosis ulcer. Our study provided an effective way for the treatment of secondary wound healing of bone tuberculosis.

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Heidari, Alireza. "Interaction between Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Nanoparticles Aggregation Linked to DNA/RNA and Aryl Mercaptanes With Various Chain Length." Academic Journal of Chemistry, no. 72 (April 28, 2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajc.72.23.29.

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CdO nanoparticles show a strong peak of Plasmon absorption in ultraviolet–visible zone. A strong interaction exists between the surface of CdO nanoparticles and aryl mercaptan compounds. Aryl mercaptan compounds cause aggregation of CdO nanoparticles linked to DNA/RNA and hence, lead to widening of peak Plasmon of CdO nanoparticles surface at 550 (nm) and emerging a new peak at a higher wavelength. In the current project, this optical characteristic of CdO nanoparticles is used to time investigate of interaction between different aryl mercaptanes and CdO nanoparticles. The results were shown that aryl mercaptan compounds with shorter chain length interact faster with CdO nanoparticles. Therefore, a simple and fast method for identification of aryl mercaptanes with various chain length using red shift in surficial Plasmon absorption is presented. Schematic of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Nanoparticles Aggregation Linked to DNA/RNA by Aryl Mercaptanes with Various Chain Length.

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Zelikoff, Judith, Daniel Willis, Heba Degheidy, Qin Zhang, Thomas Umbreit, and Peter Goering. "Immune cell profiles in response to silver nanoparticles associated with medical devices (P3357)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2013): 202.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.202.1.

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Abstract Silver nanomaterials are increasingly being used as antimicrobial agents in medical devices, yet their effects on immunocompetence are unclear. This study investigated modulation of immune cell profiles and cell activation by exposure to silver nanoparticles (AgNP). Mice were injected iv (each day for 2 d) with 66 or 300 µg of either 20 or 110 nm AgNP (or sodium citrate) and sacrificed 1 d later. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that injection of 66 µg of 20 nm AgNP increased Th2 cells and decreased effector memory cells, while exposure to the same dose of larger-sized AgNP had no effect on numbers of CD3+,CD4+, Th1, Th2, Th17 cells, CD4/CD8 ratio, or total memory/naïve/central memory/effector memory cells compared to controls. At 300 µg, 20 nm AgNP significantly decreased the number of naïve CD4+ cells and CD3+CD4- cells (i.e., cytotoxic T cells), while increasing central memory cells, activated central memory cells, effector memory cells, activated effector memory cells, total memory cells, and natural killer cells. A somewhat different cell profile was observed following exposure to the same dose of 110 nm AgNP including an increase in activated CD11c+ cells (macrophages). Taken together, these data indicate that systemic AgNP exposure can modulate the immune system in a dose-dependent manner, with smaller size particles leading to more drastic effects. Overall, these studies have policy implications and demonstrate the need for protecting already vulnerable individuals.

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Ahmadi, Yaser, and Babak Aminshahidy. "Effects of hydrophobic CaO and SiO2 nanoparticles on Asphaltene Precipitation Envelope (APE): an experimental and modeling approach." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 73 (2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018052.

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An experimental and modeling approach was developed in this research to investigate the effects of CO2, new synthesized CaO and commercial SiO2 nanoparticle concentrations on the Asphaltene Precipitation Envelope (APE). First, the effects of different temperatures and CO2 concentrations on asphaltene precipitation trends were observed. Second, the impact of CaO and SiO2 nanoparticle concentrations on asphaltene precipitation were observed in the presence of CO2 at different temperatures. Third, Advanced Redlich-Kwong-Soave (RKSA) equation of state (EOS) was considered to modify Multiflash (Infochem Co.) software from the aspect of entering physical characteristics of CaO and SiO2 nanoparticles as pseudo components. Fourth, the developed model was used for predicting the effects of CO2, CaO and SiO2 concentrations on APE in ranges that no experimental data existed. At constant CO2 concentration and temperature during natural depletion, asphaltene precipitation increased above saturation pressure, while below saturation pressure, asphaltene precipitation decreased (solution gas evolved from crude oil and made it richer). As temperature increased at constant CO2 concentration, asphaltene precipitation decreased, while it was observed that the saturation pressures increased. Although two different trends were observed in upper asphaltene onsets at different temperatures and CO2 concentrations, in wide ranges of data, as temperature increased, asphaltene upper onset pressure increased. CaO and SiO2 nanoparticles decreased asphaltene precipitations in the presence of CO2, but CaO had better applications for reducing asphaltene precipitation. The proposed Software/RKSA EOS model was in good agreement with the obtained experimental data, and it was applicable for predicting the effects of CO2, CaO and SiO2 nanoparticles concentration on APE.

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Heidari, Alireza. "Biomedical and Biochemical Approaches and Strategies for Targeting and Delivery of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Nanoparticles Aggregation Linked to DNA/RNA by Aryl Mercaptanes with Various Chain Length." Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences 1, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i4.149.

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CdO nanoparticles show a strong peak of Plasmon absorption in ultraviolet-visible zone. A strong interaction exists between the surface of CdO nanoparticles and aryl mercaptan compounds. Aryl mercaptan compounds cause to aggregation of CdO nanoparticles linked to DNA/RNA and hence, lead to widening of peak Plasmon of CdO nanoparticles surface at 550 (nm) and emerging a new peak at higher wavelength. In the current project, this optical characteristic of CdO nanoparticles is used to time investigate of interaction between different aryl mercaptanes and CdO nanoparticles. The results were shown that aryl mercaptan compounds with shorter chain length interact faster with CdO nanoparticles. Therefore, a simple and fast method for identification of aryl mercaptanes with various chain length using red shift in surficial Plasmon absorption is presented.

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Heidari, Alireza. "A New Viewpoint and Outlook on Aryl Mercaptans as Strong Nucleophiles with Various Chain Length Linked to DNA/RNA and Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Nanoparticles Sandwiched Complex." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 10, no. 2 (November 5, 2021): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2021.10.2.3073.

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CdO nanoparticles show a strong peak of Plasmon absorption in ultraviolet–visible zone. A strong interaction exists between the surface of CdO nanoparticles and aryl mercaptan compounds. Aryl mercaptan compounds cause to aggregation of CdO nanoparticles linked to DNA/RNA and hence, lead to widening of peak Plasmon of CdO nanoparticles surface at 550 (nm) and emerging a new peak at higher wavelength. In the current project, this optical characteristic of CdO nanoparticles is used to time investigate of interaction between different aryl mercaptanes and CdO nanoparticles. The results were shown that aryl mercaptan compounds with shorter chain length interact faster with CdO nanoparticles. Therefore, a simple and fast method for identification of aryl mercaptanes with various chain length using red shift in surficial Plasmon absorption is presented.

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Alireza Heidari. "Spectrophotometr ic Study of Aryl Mercaptanes with Various Chain Length Linked to DNA/RNA and Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Nanoparticles Sandwiched Complex." Journal of Kufa for Chemical Sciences 2, no. 9 (August 28, 2023): 475–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.36329/jkcm/2022/v2.i9.13316.

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CdO nanoparticles show a strong peak of Plasmon absorption in ultraviolet–visible zone. A strong interaction exists between the surface of CdO nanoparticles and aryl mercaptan compounds. Aryl mercaptan compounds cause to aggregation of CdO nanoparticles linked to DNA/RNA and hence, lead to widening of peak Plasmon of CdO nanoparticles surface at 550 (nm) and emerging a new peak at higher wavelength. In the current project, this optical characteristic of CdO nanoparticles is used to time investigate of interaction between different aryl mercaptanes and CdO nanoparticles. The results were shown that aryl mercaptan compounds with shorter chain length interact faster with CdO nanoparticles. Therefore, a simple and fast method for identification of aryl mercaptanes with various chain length using red shift in surficial Plasmon absorption is presented.

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Dastvareh, B., and J. Azaiez. "Thermophoretic effects on instabilities of nanoflows in porous media." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 857 (October 22, 2018): 173–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.740.

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Instabilities of nanoparticle-laden non-isothermal flows in homogeneous porous media are investigated. The study is conducted for two representative systems; a hot fluid displacing a cold one (HDC) and a cold fluid displacing a hot one (CDH). The effects of Brownian diffusion and of thermophoresis, representing the average motion of the nanoparticles as a result of temperature gradients, are analysed. In the HDC case, the synergetic Brownian and thermophoretic effects induce a migration of nanoparticles towards the cold fluid and tend systematically to enhance the instability. In particular, because of these combined effects, an initially stable displacement can actually be destabilized. In the CDH case however, Brownian diffusion still acts towards the transport of nanoparticles downstream into the hot fluid while thermophoresis tends to resist such migration. These counteracting effects lead to the generation of local accumulations of nanoparticles at the front and engender the development of local stable regions in the flow. These stable regions hinder the growth of the instabilities, especially those of backward-developing fingers. It is concluded that, in this case, thermophoresis acts against Brownian diffusion and results in less unstable displacements compared to flows where thermophoresis is absent. This effect, exclusively associated with thermophoresis, will not be observed in nanoparticle-free non-isothermal displacements. Finally, it is found that the main effects of Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis arise mainly from their contributions to nanoparticle transport while their effects on the energy balance are negligible and can be disregarded.

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Li, Jing, Yan Chen, Yong Cai Zhang, and Jin Gui Duan. "Preparation of CdO Nanowires from CdO₂ Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 1035 (October 2014): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1035.321.

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A two-step method was developed for the preparation of CdO nanowires from CdO2 nanoparticles, that is, first, Cd(OH)2 nanowires were synthesized via solvothermal treatment of CdO2 nanoparticles in the mixed solution of deionized water and toluene at 180 °C for 24 h; second, CdO nanowires were obtained by thermolysis of the Cd(OH)2 nanowires in air at 300 °C for 3 h. The obtained products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.

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Neef, Tobias, and Stephen D. Miller. "The effect of tolerogenic PLG nanoparticles on transgenic CD8+ T cells." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2023): 166.04. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.166.04.

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Abstract Antigen-loaded, biodegradable PLG nanoparticles have demonstrated tolerance induction in models of autoimmune disease. Here we report on the effect of these particles on transgenic CD8+ T cells. Wild-type mice received transgenic cells, were treated with nanoparticles, and then had their spleens and/or pancreases removed for flow cytometric analysis. Relative to controls, mice treated with these particles exhibited a larger percentage of transgenic CD8+ T cells in spleens, suggesting that a sequestration of autoreactive T cells prevents their trafficking to inflamed tissues. Furthermore, nanoparticle treatment led to a higher percentage of cells with surface markers indicative of a regulatory phenotype. These results imply that altered trafficking and an expansion of regulatory T cells are two mechanisms by which PLG nanoparticles induce tolerance in CD8+ T cell - mediated autoimmune disease. Supported by a grant from the JDRF

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Wood, Lauren Virginia, Siva K. Gandhapudi, Karuna Sundarapandiyan, Frank K. Bedu-Addo, Gregory Conn, and Jerold G. Woodward. "R-DOTAP (Versamune): A novel enantiospecific cationic lipid nanoparticle that induces CD4 and CD8 cellular immune responses to whole protein and tumor-specific peptide antigens." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e15211-e15211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e15211.

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e15211 Background: Immunotherapy approaches are limited in their ability to induce antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in vivo able to recognize and kill tumor cells. We developed a novel immunotherapy approach using enantiomerically pure, R-DOTAP cationic lipid nanoparticles and tumor-derived T cell antigens, and previously demonstrated that R-DOTAP formulations efficiently prime cytotoxic T cells through enhanced cross presentation and induction of type I interferons.[1] A phase I clinical trial of a R-DOTAP HPV16 peptide formulation confirmed induction of strong in vivo HPV-specific CD8+ cytolytic T-cells without associated systemic toxicities. In this study, we assessed R-DOTAP nanoparticle formulations containing whole protein (ovalbumin) or long multi-epitope peptides from the tumor antigen TARP (T-cell alternate reading frame protein): a 58-residue protein overexpressed in prostate and breast cancers, documented to be immunogenic in humans. Methods: R-DOTAP formulations were prepared containing ovalbumin (OVA) or TARP peptides. C57BL/6K mice were immunized with 10 μg/mouse of OVA plus R-DOTAP, CFA or sucrose on Days 0, 15 and 30. OVA-specific cellular and humoral responses following vaccination were assessed by measuring splenic CD4 and CD8 T cell IFN-γ production and circulating OVA-specific antibodies in serum. HLA-A2 transgenic mice (AAD mice) were vaccinated with long, multi-epitope TARP peptides delivered as an R-DOTAP admixture or with CFA or sucrose on Days 0 and 7. Antigen-specific T cell responses were measured by IFN-γ ELISpot assay. Results: OVA R-DOTAP formulations induced strong antigen-specific effector CD4 and CD8 immune and memory responses detected 7 and 30 days, respectively, following vaccination as well as OVA-specific antibody responses. In TARP peptide vaccinated mice, R-DOTAP formulations were able to present multiple CD8 T cell epitopes and stimulate responses that were superior to CFA. Conclusions: Our results suggest that R-DOTAP is a versatile immune activating therapy that can be formulated with long, multi-epitope tumor-derived peptides or whole proteins. R-DOTAP formulations induce quantitatively robust antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in vivo compared to well-established immune stimulants. Reference: 1.Gandhapudi SK, Ward M, Bush JP et al. Antigen Priming with Enantiospecific Cationic Lipid Nanoparticles Induces Potent Antitumor CTL Responses through Novel Induction of a Type I IFN Response. J Immunol 2019;202:3524-3536

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Deng, Lei, Timothy Z. Chang, Ye Wang, Song Li, Shelly Wang, Shingo Matsuyama, Guoying Yu, et al. "Heterosubtypic influenza protection elicited by double-layered polypeptide nanoparticles in mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 33 (July 31, 2018): E7758—E7767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805713115.

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Influenza is a persistent threat to public health. Here we report that double-layered peptide nanoparticles induced robust specific immunity and protected mice against heterosubtypic influenza A virus challenges. We fabricated the nanoparticles by desolvating a composite peptide of tandem copies of nucleoprotein epitopes into nanoparticles as cores and cross-linking another composite peptide of four tandem copies of influenza matrix protein 2 ectodomain epitopes to the core surfaces as a coating. Delivering the nanoparticles via dissolvable microneedle patch-based skin vaccination further enhanced the induced immunity. These peptide-only, layered nanoparticles demonstrated a strong antigen depot effect and migrated into spleens and draining (inguinal) lymph nodes for an extended period compared with soluble antigens. This increased antigen-presentation time correlated with the stronger immune responses in the nanoparticle-immunized group. The protection conferred by nanoparticle immunization was transferable by passive immune serum transfusion and depended partially on a functional IgG receptor FcγRIV. Using a conditional cell depletion, we found that CD8+ T cells were involved in the protection. The immunological potency and stability of the layered peptide nanoparticles indicate applications for other peptide-based vaccines and peptide drug delivery.

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Atta, Ahmed, Nehal Ali, Mohamed Taman, and Emad Etman. "Improvement the structural behavior of recycled RC elements using CdO nanoparticles." Construction Innovation 18, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-01-2017-0011.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the use of CdO nanoparticles with recycled aggregates (RAs) and its effect on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) slab elements. Design/methodology/approach The study has been conducted through three phases: in the first phase, the structure of lab-synthesized CdO nanoparticles was investigated and then cement was partially replaced by CdO nanoparticles to estimate the optimum dose. The second phase focused on the properties of the RA collected from demolition wastes. In the third phase, RC slabs with different concrete mixes using RA and CdO nanoparticles were experimentally tested. Findings The results indicated good effect of using CdO nanoparticles with RA to improve the RC slab specimens’ behavior compared with the control specimen. Originality/value In present times, nanoparticles have a promising importance in the construction field. The influence of nanoparticles on the compressive strength of the concrete has been investigated by many researchers, but using it with RA is considered a new topic.

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Agool, Ibrahim R., Ahmed N. Abd, and Mohammed O. Dawood. "Preparation and Study of Colloidal CdO Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Polyvinylpyrrolidone." International Journal of Engineering and Technologies 6 (February 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijet.6.1.

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Nanoparticles NPSof cadmium oxide CdO were generated by laser ablation of a solid target (cadmium) in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution. CdO colloidal nanoparticles have been synthesized by laser ablation Nd:YAG (1064 nm, 100 pulses, pulse energy= 400 mJ) when the solid target CdO was immersed in PVP. Structure, topography and optical properties of the CdO nanoparticles NPShave been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and the UV-Vis absorption respectively.

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Agool, Ibrahim R., Ahmed N. Abd, and Mohammed O. Dawood. "Preparation and Study of Colloidal CdO Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Polyvinylpyrrolidone." International Journal of Engineering and Technologies 6 (February 9, 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-5a5i84.

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Nanoparticles NPS of cadmium oxide CdO were generated by laser ablation of a solid target (cadmium) in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution. CdO colloidal nanoparticles have been synthesized by laser ablation Nd:YAG (1064 nm, 100 pulses, pulse energy= 400 mJ) when the solid target CdO was immersed in PVP. Structure, topography and optical properties of the CdO nanoparticles NPS have been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and the UV-Vis absorption respectively.

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Korangath, Preethi, James D. Barnett, Anirudh Sharma, Elizabeth T. Henderson, Jacqueline Stewart, Shu-Han Yu, Sri Kamal Kandala, et al. "Nanoparticle interactions with immune cells dominate tumor retention and induce T cell–mediated tumor suppression in models of breast cancer." Science Advances 6, no. 13 (March 2020): eaay1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay1601.

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The factors that influence nanoparticle fate in vivo following systemic delivery remain an area of intense interest. Of particular interest is whether labeling with a cancer-specific antibody ligand (“active targeting”) is superior to its unlabeled counterpart (“passive targeting”). Using models of breast cancer in three immune variants of mice, we demonstrate that intratumor retention of antibody-labeled nanoparticles was determined by tumor-associated dendritic cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages and not by antibody-antigen interactions. Systemic exposure to either nanoparticle type induced an immune response leading to CD8+ T cell infiltration and tumor growth delay that was independent of antibody therapeutic activity. These results suggest that antitumor immune responses can be induced by systemic exposure to nanoparticles without requiring a therapeutic payload. We conclude that immune status of the host and microenvironment of solid tumors are critical variables for studies in cancer nanomedicine and that nanoparticle technology may harbor potential for cancer immunotherapy.

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Rashidzadeh, Mehrdad, Guillermo Carbajal-Franco, and Arturo Tiburcio-Silver. "Hydrophobic Coatings Composed by Cubic-Shaped CdO Nanoparticles Grown by a Novel and Simple Microwave Method." Journal of Nanoparticles 2016 (January 27, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8389647.

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Cube-shaped cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles were deposited by a novel low cost microwave evaporation technique. High purity cadmium (Cd) flakes were placed in a microwave susceptor inside a commercial microwave oven. Metallic Cd was evaporated in less than 2 minutes and it was oxidized due to ambient oxygen. The CdO nanoparticles were deposited on a glass substrate placed few centimeters above the susceptor. The surfaces with nanoparticles were treated with a solution containing ethanol and phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES), and the hydrophobic properties of the as-synthesized and post-PTES-treated surfaces were studied. Morphological and structural information of the as-synthesized nanoparticles were investigated via SEM and XRD analysis. Contact angles (θC) for the as-synthesized CdO surfaces were about 112°, whereas, for ethanol/PTES-treated CdO nanoparticles surfaces, contact angles were improved to about 158°. Thus, ethanol/PTES-treated CdO nanoparticles obtained by this simple procedure showed superhydrophobicity properties of potential use in micro fluidic devices and some other applications in the future.

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An, Shi-Zhi, Su-Na Lin, Hong-Ying Wang, Liang Li, and Fan-Qing Meng. "Research on Mechanism of Sevoflurane Carried with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Regulating Metabolism and Function of Anterior Cervical Lymphocytes Through Induction of PI3K/AKT Signal Pathway." Science of Advanced Materials 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2022.4218.

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We in this study assessed mechanism of sevoflurane carried with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in regulating metabolism and function of anterior cervical lymphocytes through induction of PI3K/AKT signal pathway. 50 of SDF-grade SD rats were divided into 5 groups, including blank group, nanometer group, sevoflurane group, positive control group and pathway agonist group. The expressions of β-ACTIN, HIF1A, GLUT1 and HK2 were tested. Proportions of CD3 and T-cells, CD4/CD8 ratio, change of B220 and B-lymphocytes, Th1/Th2, Treg proportion, change of Tc1/Tc2 ratio, and presentation of factors in PI3K/AKT signal pathway were also observed. The expressions of factors related with metabolism of lymphocytes in blank group were found to be highest. = The proportions of CD3 and T-cells in the blank and nanometer groups were lowest while the CD/CD8 ratio was highest. The proportion of CD3 and T-cells in the sevoflurane and positive groups was highest while the CD/CD8 ratio was lowest. The proportion of lymphocytes was regulated by sevoflurane through restraining the activity of PI3K/AKT signal pathway so as to affect the body immunity function. The proportion of lymphocytes could return to normal through activating the activity of PI3K.AKT signal pathway so as to improve the immunological function. The PI3K/AKT signal pathway could be adopted as therapeutic target point for improving the action of anesthetic drugs on body immunity.

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Bae, Jooeun, Parayath Neha, Mansoor Amiji, Nikhil Munshi, and Kenneth Anderson. "Bcma Heteroclitic Peptide Encapsulated Nanoparticle Enhances Antigen Stimulatory Capacity and Tumor-Specific CD8+ cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Against Multiple Myeloma." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-117292.

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Abstract Background: B-cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily and the receptor for binding of B cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), is a promising therapeutic target for MM. Due to its restricted expression pattern on MM cells and plasma cells along with its role in promoting MM cells growth, survival, and drug resistance, BCMA is being targeted by several immunotherapeutic strategies including antibodies, immunotoxins, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR-T cells. Recently, we have identified nanomedicine-based therapeutics targeting BCMA as a promising area of translational research to effectively evoke and augment anti-tumor responses in MM patients. Several nanomedicines are available and more advanced nanoparticle constructs are under development for antigen encapsulation. To this end, we have designed a heteroclitic BCMA peptide encapsulated nanoparticle-based cancer vaccine to overcome the limitations of free peptide vaccines including poor peptide stability, susceptibility to enzyme degradation, and low antigen uptake and delivery. Furthermore, the nanotechnology-based cancer vaccine was developed to induce more robust BCMA-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activities in MM patients, with more sustained antigen release and increased bioavailability and presentation of the immunogenic peptide. Here, we examine the potential of a novel nanomedicine-based therapeutic delivery system specific to BCMA antigen to treat the patients with MM. Objective: The purpose of this study was to design the optimal nanoparticle encapsulated BCMA antigen constructs to efficiently evoke and develop the BCMA-specific CD8+ CTL with functional anti-myeloma activities. Findings: Nanoparticles [liposome or poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)] with different antigen-release kinetics demonstrated their capacity to effectively deliver heteroclitic BCMA peptideto antigen-presenting cells and evoke BCMA antigen-specific CTL with anti-MM activities. The heteroclitic BCMA peptide encapsulated nanoparticles demonstrated a higher uptake by human dendritic cells than free peptide, with the highest uptake mediated with liposome-based nanoparticles. In contrast, BCMA-specific CTL induced with PLGA-based nanoparticle demonstrated the highest functional activities and specific immune responses against MM cells. The PLGA/BCMA peptide nanoparticle induced BCMA-specific CTL displayed the highest increases in CD107a degranulation, the antigen-specific CD8+ T cells proliferation and Th-1 type cytokines (IFN-g, IL-2, TNF-a) production to MM patients' tumor cells and MM cell lines compared to BCMA-CTL generated with free BCMA peptide or liposome/BCMA peptide nanoparticle. These observations were aligned with the highest level of CD28 costimulatory molecules upregulation, Tetramer+ CTL generation and peptide-specific responses within the BCMA-CTL generated by PLGA/BCMA nanoparticles. Furthermore, the PLGA/BCMA nanoparticles triggered a more robust induction of antigen-specific memory CD8+ T cells, which demonstrated significantly higher anti-tumor activities, evidenced by CD107a degranulation and IFN-g production, compared to non-memory CD8+ T cells within the BCMA-CTL. Especially, the increased central memory CTL development and their anti-tumor activities evoked by PLGA/BCMA peptide were associated with the optimal peptide release kinetics and enhanced immunogenicity of the antigen via this nanotechnology. Thus, these results demonstrate that the heteroclitic BCMA peptide encapsulated nanoparticle strategy supports the peptide delivery into dendritic cells and then subsequently to T cells, resulting in effective induction of BCMA-specific central memory CTL with poly-functional activities against MM. Significance: These results demonstrate the utility of nanotechnology using encapsulated heteroclitic BCMA peptide to enhance the immunogenicity of BCMA peptide-specific therapeutics against MM. Importantly, our observations provide the framework for therapeutic application of PLGA-based heteroclitic BCMA peptide delivery to enhance the BCMA-specific memory T cell immune responses, overcome the limitations of current peptide-based cancer vaccine, and improve the patient outcome in MM. Disclosures Munshi: OncoPep: Other: Board of director. Anderson:Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Millennium Takeda: Consultancy; C4 Therapeutics: Equity Ownership, Other: Scientific founder; OncoPep: Equity Ownership, Other: Scientific founder; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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Jaetao, Jason E., Debbie M. Lovato, Dmitri A. Sergatskov, Christian Bergemann, Howard C. Bryant, Edward R. Flynn, and Richard S. Larson. "Noninvasive Approach to Detection of T-Cell Mediated Graft Rejection through Antibody-Tagged Nanoparticles Using SQUID Detection." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 3220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3220.3220.

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Abstract Organ transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients. However, acute T-cell mediated graft rejection occurs in a significant quantity of recipients, which is a potentially life-threatening condition. Current diagnostic criteria for transplant rejection rely on invasive tissue biopsies and relatively non-specific clinical features. We hypothesized that nanoparticles could be developed that specifically bind to T-cells. Furthermore, we postulated that these nanoparticles could be detected non-invasively by a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID). Nanoparticles were conjugated through either amino or carboxy termini to either anti-CD2 or anti-CD3 antibodies. All three cell types were found to bind exclusively to specifically targeted antibody-tagged nanoparticles as identified through light microscopy and SQUID detection. Using receptor site densities determined by flow cytometry and the magnetic moment per nanoparticle results, SQUID is capable of determining the number of labeled cells in a sample. Our results indicate that T-cells bind approximately 1×104 nanoparticles per cell. A SQUID sensor array also allows for in vitro localization of discrete sources of labeled T-cells. Using a phantom as a surrogate for organ or soft tissue, we also demonstrate that discrete signals of 105 T- cells can be detected at 10 cm from the SQUID detector. These results demonstrate the potential utility of antibody-tagged nanoparticles as a contrast agent and SQUID as a noninvasive and sensitive detection device in patients who may be undergoing T-cell mediated graft rejection. In addition, the extreme sensitivity of this technique may provide not only a means of early, non-invasive detection of impending T-cell mediated rejection, but also an approach to titrating chemotherapeutics for treating rejection.

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Tripathi, Ramna, Alo Dutta, Sayantani Das, Akhilesh Kumar, and T. P. Sinha. "Dielectric relaxation of CdO nanoparticles." Applied Nanoscience 6, no. 2 (March 17, 2015): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13204-015-0427-5.

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Xu, J. L., Khiam Aik Khor, R. Kumar, and P. Cheang. "RF Induction Plasma Synthesized Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.511.

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It was a normal phenomena that hydroxyapatite (HA) decomposes into tricalcium phosphate (TCP), tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), calcium oxide (CaO) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) during the plasma processing step. The present study characterized the phase evolution of calcium phosphates (CaPs) in the nanoparticles synthesized using a radio frequency (RF) induction plasma processing technique. The morphology and microstructure of the CaP nanoparticles were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. It was found that ACP, α-TCP, TTCP and CaO were the main decomposed phases in the nanoparticle. After heat treatment at dicalcium pyrophosphate (β-Ca2P2O7) due to the extreme decomposition of the starting HA during the RF plasma processing step which rapidly solidified into amorphous phase.

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Powell, Thomas, James Boyd, Andrea Jacobs, Naveen Palath, Mary DeRome, Jie Tang, Edwin Cardenas, et al. "Synthetic LbL nanoparticle vaccines containing the chemokine mimic epitope of RSV-G protein and a CD8 epitope of RSV-M2 protein elicit broad-based cellular and humoral responses (155.7)." Journal of Immunology 186, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2011): 155.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.155.7.

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Abstract Nanoparticle vaccines synthesized via layer-by-layer (LbL) fabrication were loaded with designed peptides representing epitopes of the attachment (G) and matrix (M2) proteins of respiratory syncytial virus. The CX3C chemokine mimic epitope of RSV-G has been proposed to contribute to inflammatory responses post-challenge while CD8+ T-cell responses against RSV M2 have been shown to limit the severity of infection and inflammatory pathology. Both monovalent designs (G or M2) and multivalent designs (G+M2) were tested. Mice immunized with RSV-G nanoparticles produced antibody responses that recognized the CX3C epitope only in its folded conformation and not in a linearized state. The same sera also bound native RSV-G protein, inhibited binding of RSV-G protein to the CX3CR1 chemokine receptor, and inhibited migration of human leukocytes toward RSV-G protein. Mice immunized with RSV M2 nanoparticles generated CD8+ T-cell responses and in vitro CTL activity against M2-labeled target cells. The multivalent vaccines containing both G and M2 elicited higher antibody responses to RSV-G and, surprisingly, more potent cellular responses against RSV-M2. These novel nanoparticle vaccines are currently being tested for the induction of neutralizing antibody responses and protection from viral challenge. If successful, the LbL nanoparticle fabrication strategy will provide an innovative approach to formulating safe and effective subunit vaccines for respiratory pathogens including RSV.

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Journal articles on the topic 'CdO Nanoparticle'

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