Academic literature on the topic 'CDC'

<p>This study has been assigned by Bengt Hellman who works at the logistic department at IKEA Torsvik just outside of Jönköping. The task has been to develop a new picking strategy for the Oversize area in the CDC-Warehouse. The reason why IKEA wants a new strategy is because they want to minimize the route length for the forklifts when collecting the orders.</p><p>By evaluating the current strategies on other areas in the CDC-storehouse, study literature within this subject and look at restrictions for the storing of goods, we have analyzed how the Oversize area works today. We compared the gathered information, to how it should be done according to the literature to be able to work out a new functional strategy.</p><p>Today, IKEA does not have a working strategy for the oversize area because of lack of time and because all the power has been put on other areas were sales rates are currently higher. This have led to lack of organisation at the Oversize area and items are just put were there is space without first analysing were it should be placed.</p><p>The strategy that we have worked out and introduced to IKEA builds on easiness of understanding the layout, the employees shall know why an item is placed where it is. We have also analyzed which items that are frequently ordered with each other. We have put weight on trying to keep those items as close as we can to minimize the route length for the forklifts. To help IKEA with reorganizations in the future we have made it as easy as we could to move high- and low frequently items around and also introducing new articles in the storehouse, this by the reason that sales rate can change drastically when a new sales campaign is initiated by IKEA</p><br><p>Detta examensarbete är utfört på önskemål av Bengt Hellman som arbetar på logistikavdelningen på IKEA Torsvik utanför Jönköping. Arbetet har gått ut på att ta fram ett nytt förslag på hur de skall placera sina artiklar på plocknivå (vad IKEA kallar för mappning) inne på Oversize avdelningen på IKEA:s CDC-lager. Anledningen till detta är att IKEA vill minska sina körsträckor för plockarna inne på lagret och därmed öka effektiviteten.</p><p>Genom att studera befintliga mappningsstrategier som redan finns på övriga avdelningar på CDC-lagret, litteraturstudier och titta på vilka begränsningar som finns inne på lagret så har vi analyserat nuläget mot teori för att sedan kunna ta fram en ny strategi för hur en fungerande mappning skulle kunna se ut.</p><p>I dag så finns det inte någon väl utarbetat strategi för mappningen på Oversize avdelningen, detta på grund av att andra avdelningar prioriterats på grund av att de säljer mycket mer i dagsläget. Detta har även medfört att den huvudsakliga uppdelning som fanns tidigare på Oversize avdelningen med affärsområden har fått stå åt sidan på grund av tidsbrist och artiklar har placerats in där det finns plats istället för att analysera var de kan placeras bäst.</p><p>Det nya förslaget som vi presenterar för IKEA bygger på att det skall vara enkelt att förstå layouten, plockarna skall veta varför en artikel finns där den finns. Vi har även tagit stor hänsyn till vad som säljs med vad och försökt placera dessa artiklar i närheten av varandra för att på så sätt minska körsträckorna. Vi har även haft i åtanke att det skall vara enkelt att placera om hög och lågfrekventa artiklar samt nyheter inne på lagret då försäljningsvolym påverkas väldigt mycket utav olika kampanjer som IKEA har.</p>

The thesis mainly focuses on structural study of proteins in membrane attack complex- perforin/cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (MACPF/CDC) superfamily, in particular, Astrotactins from human and perforin-like proteins (PLPs) from Toxoplasma and Plasmodium. Both of these subfamily proteins are implicated in human diseases and structurally uncharacterised before. Astrotactins (ASTNs) have been shown to play a crucial role in enabling neural migration along glial fibres. While ASTN1 directly forms contacts between the neuron and the fibre, ASTN2 is responsible for extracting ASTN1 from contacts at the lagging edge of the cell and recycling them to the leading edge. ASTN2 is associated with endosomes, with the majority of its structure (at the C-terminus) projecting into their lumen, anchored by a pair of transmembrane –-helices. Here we present the structure of this "endodomain" region of ASTN2, and find it to consist of a unique combination of polypeptide folds comprising a membrane attack com- plex/perforin (MACPF) domain, an EGF-like domain, a previously-unobserved form of fibronectin type III (Fn(III)) domain and an annexin-like domain. Taken together, the structural characterisation provides a framework for better understanding the mechanism of the ASTNs and related proteins in neural and other forms of vertebrate development. Perforin-like proteins from Toxoplasma and Plasmodium (TgPLP1 and PPLPs) are critical for normal life cycle progression of these parasites, and knockout out of any of them results in significant defects in their life cycle, entrapping the parasites within the host cells and thus limiting their ability to egress. Here we present the crystal structures of TgPLP1 MACPF domain and C-terminal domain at 2.0 Å and 1.1 Å, respectively. We also presents the MACPF domain assembled in helical and hexameric ring form, which indicates the possibility of pore-formation by 6 subunits. This is the first structure of perforin-like protein from Apicomplexan parasites and provides a structural basis to elucidate the function of PLPs in toxoplasmosis and malaria pathogenesis. The final section is a continuation of a previous study in our lab on pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of kindlins. We determined the crystal structure of kindlin-3 PH domain and characterised its lipid and membrane binding properties. Using nanodiscs incorporated with different lipids as model membrane system to study the interaction between inositol phosphate lipids and kindlin-3 PH domain, together with molecular dynamic simulation studies (in collaboration with Mark Sansom's group, University of Oxford), we propose that a subset of PH domains is able to bind to multiple inositol phosphates simultaneously and so via an avidity effect have its interaction with target membranes strengthened.

BACKGROUND: Multi drug resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a serious public health concern in many parts of the world. As per the WHO- 2010 global report on Surveillance and response 3.6% of all incident TB cases globally are multidrug resistant. In this regard, there is an increasing demand for timely, reliable and comprehensive drug susceptibility testing (DST) as MDR-TB surveillance is being geared up. The intent of this analysis is to determine whether there is a need to continue routine confirmatory DST testing at CDC in addition to just sending the isolates for genotyping. Analysis is done by measuring the discordance between the results of laboratory DST at CDC and the local labs drug type, drug testing concentrations, and study sites. METHODS: The data for this analysis was provided by the Tuberculosis Trials Consortium (TBTC), CDC. Data for this analysis was collected over nearly two decades (1993-2011), gathered from 7 clinical trials. Discordance between the local and CDC lab DST results was measured using Kappa statistic. Sensitivity and specificity analysis was done by taking the CDC DST lab results as the gold standard. Discordance levels were calculated by local sites and baseline drug resistance for each antibiotic in each study was measured. RESULTS: Average Kappa values for inter rater agreement for all the studies was 0.6444 whereas the overall level of discordance across all studies is 7.786%. Drug resistance at baseline was highest for Isoniazid and Streptomycin (except Study 23 and 22). CONCLUSION: Though the current results show few DST result discordances between local and CDC labs, it is better to continue to send isolates to the centralized lab (CDC) in view of the worldwide threat of drug resistant TB epidemic, the recommendations of the current literature and the benefits of reliable confirmatory testing services and availability of other molecular diagnostic methods.

CDC Group IVc-2 est un bacille à Gram négatif, aérobie strict, mobile grâce à une ciliature péritriche, oxydase et catalase positives et non fermentant. Connu depuis les années 80, il a d'abord été rapproché de Bordetella bronchiseptica puis parfaitement différencié biochimiquement de cette espèce en 1986 par Pickett (87). Sa position taxonomique longtemps indéterminée a été précisée en 1999 (74, 83, 116) et nous y avons contribué (74). Bactérie de l'environnement hydrique (7, 63, 82). .<br>Our study of CDC Group IVc-2 began in 1995 with the report of five bacteriema at Trousseau hospital (APHP). Genotyping with RAPD, used for the first time for this species, showed a single pattern. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis, applied to Trousseau isolates and other French isolates, was unsuccessful since DNA was degraded. These isolates remained undistinguished after genotyping with PCR-ribotyping, PCR-RFLP, IRS-PCR. Surprisingly, all the strains obtained from American (ATCC) and Belgian (LMG) collections were easily distinguished by RAPD. We contributed to the taxonomic study of CDC Group IVc-2 named Ralstonia paucula in. .

RNA splicing is a process by which introns are excised from precursor mRNA. Variations in the segments removed — and the resulting mRNA molecule — may result in gene transcripts with differing and even opposing functions. The mechanisms involved in RNA splicing are tightly regulated, the disruption of which has been implicated in several human diseases including cancer. This presents the RNA splicing machinery as a potential therapeutic target. However, the effects of systematic splicing modulation through pharmaceutical intervention remain under explored. A thorough understanding of splicing can be investigated through controlled disruption of the molecular machinery. The Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Osaka, Japan) has recently developed a novel compound that inhibits the CDC-like family of kinases, which regulate key splicing factors. Although splicing inhibitors have already been published, their effects on the RNA splicing landscape have not been systematically described. The creation of a novel splicing inhibitor presents the opportunity to perform a methodical analysis of transcriptomic response to RNA processing inhibition using modern RNA sequencing and analysis methods. It is demonstrated, using the Takeda compound, that restricting the function of CDC-like kinases perturbs RNA splicing in both malignant and normal cells in a dose dependent manner. Post-treatment changes in splicing patterns revealed that these changes are mainly due to inefficient recognition of RNA splice sites. Splicing factors were among the earliest responders to treatment, indicating splicing autoregulatory mechanisms are sensitive to changes in splicing efficiency. Downstream effects were seen as dose-dependent changes in gene expression regulation, and down-regulated genes were enriched for splicing factors. Treatment also resulted in increased generation of conjoined gene transcripts — RNA molecules transcribed from at least two different genes, likely caused by transcriptional read-through. This revelation points to a previously undescribed role for CDC-like kinases in RNA processing.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Graduate

O presente estudo tem por objetivo demonstrar a necessidade de se tutelar a desigualdade substancial existente nas relações contratuais celebradas entre empresários, quando uma das partes, ainda que profissional, encontrar-se em situação de dependência econômica, favorecendo o abuso da parte contrária na situação concreta. O cerne do trabalho gira em torno do problema das cláusulas abusivas no âmbito dos contratos interempresariais. Busca-se demonstrar que, nas hipóteses em que não for possível repreendê-las por meio da aplicação do Código Civil ou da Lei Antitruste, seria possível equiparar o contratante vulnerável, sujeito a um abuso por parte de seu parceiro contratual, aos consumidores, para fins de aplicação dos dispositivos do Código de Defesa do Consumidor CDC ao contrato em questão. Para tanto, são analisados os conceitos de empresário, de consumidor tendo em vista as três principais correntes doutrinárias existentes no ordenamento pátrio e de dependência econômica. Especificamente em relação à definição de consumidor, tenta-se demonstrar que, nos dias de hoje, a Teoria Finalista Aprofundada parece ser a que melhor atende à necessidade de se buscar a solução mais justa no caso concreto, sem, contudo, banalizar a aplicação do CDC. Por fim, faz-se uma análise da jurisprudência brasileira sobre o tema, com o objetivo de delimitar os critérios para a incidência do CDC em contratos interempresariais, bem como os principais casos em que o conceito de consumidor-equiparado tem prevalecido nos litígios decorrentes de tais contratos.<br>The objective of the present study is to demonstrate the need of instructing the substantial inequality existing in contractual relations signed between businessmen, when one of the parties, although still professional, finds itself in a situation of economic dependence, favoring the abuse of the counterpart in the real situation. The core of this work involves the problem regarding abusive clauses in the scope of inter-business contracts. It seeks to demonstrate that, in hypothesis where it is not possible to reprehend them by means of application of the Civil Code or Antitrust Act, it would be possible to match the vulnerable contracting party, subject to an abuse by its contractual partner, to the consumers, for purposes of application of the provisions in the Consumer Defense Code CDC to the contract in question. To do so, it analyzes the concepts of businessman and consumers considering the three main doctrinaire schools of thought existing in the country system and economic dependence. Specially in relation to the definition of consumers, it attempts to demonstrate that, nowadays, the In-depth Finalist Theory seems to be the best theory that meets the need of searching for the more righteous solution in the real case, without, however, trivializing the application of the CDC. At last, an analysis of Brazilian jurisprudence is made on the subject, aiming to delimitate the criteria for the incidence of CDC in inter-business contracts as well as the main cases in which the concept of consumer has prevailed in such contracts for one of the parties.