Relevant bibliographies by topics / CD4

Academic literature on the topic 'CD4'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 April 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "CD4"

1

Tjønnfjord, G. E., O. P. Veiby, R. Steen, and T. Egeland. "T lymphocyte differentiation in vitro from adult human prethymic CD34+ bone marrow cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 177, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 1531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.177.6.1531.

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Pluripotent lymphohematopoietic stem cells are probably confined to bone marrow cells expressing CD34 surface molecules. To investigate the capacity of adult human CD34+ bone marrow cells to differentiate along the T lymphoid lineage, we plated purified CD34+ cells from healthy adults in liquid culture on adherent thymic stromal cells prepared from HLA- or blood group-mismatched postnatal thymic tissue. We show that purified CD34+CD3-CD4-CD8- bone marrow cells contained progenitors with the ability to differentiate into CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing surface (s)CD3 and T cell receptor alpha/beta in vitro. These progenitors were found in the CD34+CD2+sCD3-CD4-CD8-, CD34+CD7+sCD3-CD4-CD8-, and CD34+CD2+CD7+sCD3-CD4-CD8-, as well as in the CD34+CD2-sCD3-CD4-CD8-, CD34+CD7-sCD3-CD4-CD8-, and CD34+CD2-CD7-sCD3-CD4-CD8- subsets, indicating that T lymphocyte progenitors sensitive to signals mediated by thymic stroma in vitro are not restricted to CD34+ cells already coexpressing early T lymphocyte-associated markers. Finally, we show that T lymphopoiesis was enhanced by c-kit ligand.
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Galy, A., S. Verma, A. Bárcena, and H. Spits. "Precursors of CD3+CD4+CD8+ cells in the human thymus are defined by expression of CD34. Delineation of early events in human thymic development." Journal of Experimental Medicine 178, no. 2 (August 1, 1993): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.178.2.391.

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Studies of the most immature T cell progenitors in the human thymus have been hampered by the lack of markers and assays that define these cells. In this report we used a novel human fetal thymic organ culture system to determine the potential of T cell precursors isolated from human postnatal thymus, to differentiate into CD3+ thymocytes, and to investigate early stages of human T cell development. It was found that thymocytes that lack the markers CD3, CD4, and CD8 (triple negative [TN]) can differentiate in an allogeneic organotypic thymic culture. The capacity of TN thymocytes to differentiate was exclusively confined to the CD34+ population. CD34- TN thymocytes failed to differentiate in this system. In contrast, cloned lines of CD3- thymocytes could only be established from CD34- TN thymocytes. Five subsets of CD3- thymocytes were found with the following phenotype: CD1-TN, CD1+TN, CD1+CD4+CD8-, CD1+CD4+CD8 alpha+ beta-, and CD1+CD4+CD8 alpha beta+. These subpopulations expressed decreasing levels of CD34. The CD1-CD3- population expressed the highest levels of CD34 supporting the notion that this population is the most immature T cell precursor in the thymus, whereas the CD1+CD4+CD8 alpha+ beta+ which did not express CD34 seems to be the most mature of these CD3- populations. This notion is supported by the observations that CD34+ cells isolated from fetal liver, which differentiated into T cells in a FTOC, developed into CD3+ cells via CD1- and CD4+CD8- intermediates. Based on these data, we present a model of early stages in human intrathymic development.
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Federmann, Birgit, Matthias Haegele, Christoph Faul, Wichard Vogel, Lothar Kanz, and Wolfgang A. Bethge. "Immune Reconstitution after Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Impact of Reduced Intensity Conditioning and CD3/CD19-Depleted Grafts." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.1175.1175.

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Abstract Haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HHCT) using CD3/CD19 depleted grafts may lead to faster engraftment and immune reconstitution since grafts contain also graft-facilitating-cells, CD34− progenitors, NK cells, and dendritic cells. Reduced intensity conditioning may also have a positive impact on immune reconstitution following HHCT. 26 adults received CD3/CD19 depleted HHCT after RIC (150–200 mg/m2 fludarabine, 10mg/kg thiothepa, 120 mg/m2 melphalan and 5mg/day OKT-3 (day −5 to +14)) at our institution between 2005–2008. We prospectively evaluated engraftment and immune reconstitution. B-, NK-, T- and T-cell subsets (CD3/8, CD4/8, CD4/45RA/RO), TCR-Vβ repertoire and NK-cell receptors (NKP30, NKP44, NKP46, NKG2D, CD158a/b/e, CD85j, NKG2A, CD161) were analyzed by FACS. Grafts contained 8.8×106 CD34+ (range, 4.3–18.0 ×106), 2.9×104 CD3+ (range, 1.2–9.2×104) and 3.6×107 CD56+ (range, 0.02–23.0 ×107) cells/kg. Engraftment was rapid with a median time to >500 granulocytes/μl of 11 days (range, 9–15) and a median time to >20 000 platelets/μl of 11 days (range, 8–23). Full chimerism was reached on day 14 (median; range, 6–26). NK-cell engraftment was rapid, reaching normal values on day 20 (median of 247 CD16+CD56+CD3− cells/μl (range, 1–886)) with NK cells comprising up to 70% of lymphocytes. B-cell reconstitution was delayed with 81 (range, 0–280) and 335 (range, 11–452) CD19+20+ cells/μl on days 150 and 400, respectively. T-cell reconstitution was impaired with 49 (range, 0–586) and 364 (range, 35–536) CD3+ cells/μl on day 60 and day 150, respectively. We observed an increase of CD3+CD8+ cells in contrast to CD3+CD4+ cells early after HHCT with a median of 24 (range, 0–399) vs 16 (range, 0–257) and 159 (range, 1–402) vs 96 (range, 18–289) cells/μl on day 50 and day 200, respectively. CD4+CD45RA+ T cells increased slowly while CD4+CD45RO+ T cells reconstituted faster with a median of 61 CD4+CD45RO+ cells/μl (range, 0–310) vs 24 CD4+CD45RA+ (range, 0 to 152) on day 100. Within the CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells there was a slow regeneration with median of 14 CD4+CD25+ cells/μl (range, 0–96) on day 100 and 28 CD4+CD25+ cells/μl (range, 19–160) on day 200. CD14+CD45+ monocytes did not reach normal values within the time of observation with 7 CD14+CD45+ cells/μl (range, 0–21) on day 120 and 7 CD14+CD45+ cells (range, 2–381) on day 400. TCR-Vβ repertoire and NK-cell receptor reconstitution was analyzed so far in 7 and 8 patients, respectively. We found a skewed T-cell repertoire with oligoclonal T-cell expansions to day 100 and normalization after day 200. An increased natural cytotoxicity receptor (NKP30, NKP44, NKP46) and NKG2A, but decreased NKG2D and KIR-expression was observed on NK-cells until day 100. In conclusion, T- and B-cell reconstitution is delayed after HHCT using CD3/CD19 depleted grafts and RIC. However, T-cell reconstitution is faster compared to data published with CD34 selected grafts and myeloablative conditioning. A fast NK-cell reconstitution early after HHCT was observed. Thus a combination of reduced intensity conditioning with CD3/CD19 depleted grafts appears to accelerate the immune recovery after haploidentical stem cell transplantation.
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Márquez, C., C. Trigueros, E. Fernández, and M. L. Toribio. "The development of T and non-T cell lineages from CD34+ human thymic precursors can be traced by the differential expression of CD44." Journal of Experimental Medicine 181, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.181.2.475.

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In addition to T-lineage cells, a small proportion of hematopoietic non-T cells are present in the human postnatal thymus. However, the origin of this minor non-T cell thymic compartment is presently unknown. In this study we have analyzed the developmental potential of the earliest human intrathymic precursors, characterized as CD34+ cells expressing intermediate levels of CD44. We show that these CD34+CD44int thymocytes cultured with interleukin 7 were able to develop simultaneously into both T- and non-T (monocytes and dendritic cells) -lineage cells. Both developmental pathways progress through a CD1+CD4+ intermediate stage, currently believed to be the immediate precursor of double positive thymocytes. However, separate progenitors for either T or non-T cells could be characterized within CD1+CD4+ thymocytes by their opposite expression of CD44. Downregulated levels of CD44 identified CD1+CD4+ T-lineage precursors, whereas CD44 upregulation occurred on CD1+CD4+ intermediates that later differentiated into non-T cells. Therefore, commitment of human early intrathymic precursors to either T or non-T cell lineages can be traced by the differential expression of the CD44 receptor.
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Dobrynina, M. A., A. V. Zurochka, M. V. Komelkova, Sh Luo, V. A. Zurochka, Hu Desheng, L. V. Ryabova, and A. P. Sarapultsev. "Studies of CD45+ and CD46+ expression on the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of the post-COVID patients." Russian Journal of Immunology 25, no. 4 (October 7, 2022): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1160-soc.

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The SARS-CoV-2 virus can enter the cells using S1 viral spike (S) protein, not only by binding to ACE2, but also through other cellular receptors. These candidate receptors include CD46, which, like CD45, belongs to pan-leukocyte receptors and is expressed on all types of lymphocytes. In turn, SARS-CoV-2 infection is accompanied by damage to almost all compartments of the immune system, mainly T lymphocytes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the expression levels of CD45+ and CD46+ in various subpopulations of lymphocytes in patients who had undergone SARS-CoV-2 infection. 72 patients who had undergone SARS-CoV-2 infection were examined. Using flow cytometry technique, we determined CD45+ and CD46+ (panleukocyte marker for lymphocyte gating), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+ (T lymphocytes), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+, CD4+ (helper inducers), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+, CD8+ (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+, CD56+ (TNK cells) CD45+ and CD46+, CD3-, CD56+ (natural killers), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3-, CD19+ (B lymphocytes), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+, CD4+, CD25+ (activated helpers, early activation of lymphocytes), CD45+ and CD46+, CD3+, HLA-DR (activated T lymphocytes late activation of lymphocytes). Our studies have shown that a decrease in CD46+ expression in T lymphocytes (CD3+) is accompanied by similar decrease of its expression in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD8+), TNK (CD3+, CD56+), as well as in helpers T carrying markers of early activation (CD3+, CD4+, CD25+). At the same time, the most pronounced decrease was observed both among total T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T cells. In these patients, the expression level of CD46+ in B lymphocytes was slightly increased. Recent data suggest that there is no involvement of CD46 receptor on B lymphocytes. Our data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 virus may affect the CD46 receptor. Such exposure may lead to promotion of the long-COVID (post-COVID) symptoms in such patients, thus requiring new approaches to correction of these disorders.
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Chatila, T. A., and R. S. Geha. "Phosphorylation of T cell membrane proteins by activators of protein kinase C." Journal of Immunology 140, no. 12 (June 15, 1988): 4308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.140.12.4308.

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Abstract Activation of the enzyme protein kinase C (PKC) plays an important role in T cell activation. We investigated the phosphorylation of CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD28 (Tp44), CD43 (sialophorin, gp115), and LFA-1 after incubation of human PBMC with the (PKC) activator PMA. These proteins were chosen for their role in transmembrane signal transduction (CD2, CD3, CD5, CD28, CD43), cell-cell interaction and adhesion (CD2, CD4, CD8, and LFA-1), or involvement in immunodeficiency states (CD43, CD7). CD5, CD7, CD43, and the alpha-chain of LFA-1 were found to be constitutively phosphorylated. PMA induced rapid hyperphosphorylation of CD5, CD7, and CD43, but not of the LFA-1 alpha-chain, and induced the phosphorylation of CD3, CD4, CD8 and of the LFA-1 beta-chain. PMA did not cause the phosphorylation of CD2 and CD28. PMA-induced phosphorylation was partially inhibited by the PKC inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride. Finally, the T cell activator Con A, which binds to the CD3/TCR complex was shown to induce a profile of protein phosphorylation similar to that observed with PMA. We conclude that PKC-mediated phosphorylation of T cell Ag may represent an important regulatory mechanism that governs the process of T cell activation.
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Landolfi, M. M., N. Van Houten, J. Q. Russell, R. Scollay, J. R. Parnes, and R. C. Budd. "CD2-CD4-CD8- lymph node T lymphocytes in MRL lpr/lpr mice are derived from a CD2+CD4+CD8+ thymic precursor." Journal of Immunology 151, no. 2 (July 15, 1993): 1086–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.151.2.1086.

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Abstract MRL lpr/lpr (lymphoproliferative, lpr) mice demonstrate an age-dependent lymphoproliferation and development of autoimmunity. Characteristic of the lymphoproliferation in these mice is the accumulation of large numbers of CD4-CD8-(CD4-8-),CD3+ T lymphocytes in their lymph nodes. The development of the CD4-8- cells, which also aberrantly express B220 and CD44 (Pgp-1) but are CD2-, has been shown to be thymus dependent. An unusual feature of lpr CD4-8-T lymphocytes is that although they appear unresponsive to stimulation, as defined by proliferation and IL-2 production, they have undergone thymic negative selection. As thymic deletion normally occurs at the CD4+CD8+ (CD4+8+) stage, this raises the dilemma that lpr CD4-8- T lymphocytes have either previously been CD4+8+, or they are able to undergo thymic selection as CD4-8- cells. We have addressed this question by examining the methylation status of the CD8 gene in MRL lpr CD4-8- lymph node cells. Demethylation of the CD8 gene has been shown to be an indicator of previous CD8 expression. We find that the CD8 gene in lpr CD4-8- lymph node cells, as well as in the abnormal B220+ CD4-8- lpr thymocytes, is demethylated, suggesting that these cells have previously expressed CD8. In addition, we find that the lpr CD4+8+ thymocyte population contains an increased percentage of atypical B220+, CD44+ cells that are virtually all CD2+. Taken together, these data are consistent with the lpr CD2-CD4-8- population of LNC having arisen from a CD2+ CD4+8+ thymic stage of differentiation.
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Quinn, Tyler, Jung-Hyun Kim, Amanda Strauch, Tianzhou Wu, Jeffery Powell, Raymond Roberge, Ronald Shaffer, and Aitor Coca. "Physiological Evaluation of Cooling Devices in Conjunction With Personal Protective Ensembles Recommended for Use in West Africa." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 11, no. 5 (March 17, 2017): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.209.

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AbstractObjectiveCooling devices (CDs) worn under personal protective equipment (PPE) can alleviate some of the heat stress faced by health care workers responding to the Ebola outbreak in West Africa.MethodsSix healthy, young individuals were tested while wearing 4 different CDs or no cooling (control) under PPE in an environmental chamber (32°C/92% relative humidity) while walking (3 METs, 2.5 mph, 0% grade) on a treadmill for 60 minutes. Exercise was preceded by a 15-minute stabilization period and a 15-minute donning period.ResultsThe control condition resulted in a significantly higher rectal temperature (Tre) at the end of the exercise than did all CD conditions (CD1,P=0.004; CD2,P=0.01; CD3,P=0.000; CD4,P=0.000) with CD1 and CD2 resulting in a higher Trethan CD3 and CD4 (P<0.05). The control condition resulted in a higher heart rate (HR) at the end of exercise than did the CD3 (P=0.01) and CD4 (P=0.009) conditions, whereas the HR of the CD1 and CD2 conditions was higher than that of the CD3 and CD4 conditions (P<0.05). Weight loss in the control condition was higher than in the CD3 (P=0.003) and CD4 (P=0.01) conditions. Significant differences in subjective measurements of thermal stress were found across conditions and time.ConclusionsUse of CDs can be advantageous in decreasing the negative physiological and subjective responses to the heat stress encountered by health care workers wearing PPE in hot and humid environments. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:573–579)
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Vicente, A., A. Varas, R. S. Acedón, E. Jiminez, J. J. Mulqoz, and A. G. Zapata. "Appearance and Maturation of T-Cell Subsets During Rat Thymus Ontogeny." Developmental Immunology 5, no. 4 (1998): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/24239.

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In previous papers, we have described the ontogenetical development of thymic stromal-cell components (epithelium, macrophages, dendritic cells) of Wistar rats. Here, we correlate those results with the maturation of rat T-cell precursors along the fetal and postnatal life. First T-cell precursors, which colonize the thymus anlage around days 13-14 of gestation, largely express CD45, CD43, CD53, and Thy 1 cell markers, and in a lesser proportion the OX22 antigen. Rat CD3-CD4-CD8-thymocytes present in the earliest stages of gestation could be subdivided in three major cell subpopulations according to the CD44 and CD25 expression: CD44-/+CD25-→ CD44+CD25+→ CD44+CD25-On fetal days 17-18, a certain proportion of CD4-CD8-cells weakly,express the TcRβchain, in correlation with the appearance of the first immature CD4-CD8+thymocytes. This cell subpopulation, in progress to the CD4+CD8+stage, upregulates CD8αbefore the CD8βchain, expresses the CD53 antigen, and exhibits a high proliferative rate. First mature thymocytes arising from the DP (CD4+CD8+) cells appear on fetal days 20-21. Then, the CD4+:CD8+cell ratio is ≤1 changing to adult values (2-3) just after birth. Also, the percentage of VβTcR repertoire covered in adult thymus is reached during the postnatal period, being lower during the fetal life. Finally, in correlation with the beginning of thymocyte emigration to the periphery a new wave of T-cell maturation apparently occurs in the perinatal rat thymus.
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Suda, T., and A. Zlotnik. "Origin, differentiation, and repertoire selection of CD3+CD4-CD8- thymocytes bearing either alpha beta or gamma delta T cell receptors." Journal of Immunology 150, no. 2 (January 15, 1993): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.150.2.447.

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Abstract It has been widely accepted that CD3+CD4-CD8- T cells expressing TCR-alpha beta or TCR-gamma delta (found in the thymus as well as in the periphery) represent lineages distinct from either CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8+ single-positive T cells expressing TCR-alpha beta. However, the origin, differentiation pathway, and TCR-repertoire selection of CD3+CD4-CD8- T cells remain controversial. We demonstrate that CD3+CD4-CD8- thymocytes can be separated into three subsets based on their expression of heat-stable Ag (HSA) and CD44. Our results further suggest the following: 1) the HSA+ subset represents a pre-selection population, although the HSA- subset is a postselection subset; 2) the high incidence of V beta 8.2 usage among CD3+CD4-CD8- thymocytes is a result of positive selection, rather than a predetermined event at a precursor cell level; 3) the maturation of CD3+CD4-CD8- thymocytes proceeds along the following differentiation pathway: HSA+CD44(-)--&gt;HSA-CD44(-)--&gt;HSA-CD44+. Both TCR-alpha beta +CD4-CD8- and TCR-gamma delta +CD4-CD8- thymocytes show similar differentiation processes; 4) CD3+CD4-CD8-cells directly differentiate from CD25+CD3-CD4-CD8- thymocytes which include precursor cells for both the CD3+CD4-CD8- and the CD4+CD8-/CD4-CD8+ lineages. Taken together, these results suggest that the CD25+CD3-CD4-CD8- stage of thymocyte differentiation represents a branching point for either the CD4+CD8- or CD4-CD8+ single-positive lineages or the CD3+CD4-CD8- lineages.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CD4"

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Cheng, Gordon W. "Functions of CD45 in TCR signaling in CD4§+CD8§+ double-positive thymocytes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq29256.pdf.

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Eichelbauer, Dirk. "In-vitro-Untersuchungen zur Stimulation von humanen TZR-[alpha]/[beta]+-CD4-CD8-doppeltnegativen [TZR-alpha-beta-CD4-CD8-doppeltnegativen] T-Lymphozyten." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970313373.

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Cauchy, Pierre. "Rôle et contexte transcriptionnel du facteur de transcription Ets1 au cours transition CD4- CD8- à CD4+ CD8+ de la tymopoïèse αβ." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22135.

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ETS1 est un facteur de transcription (FT) spécifique transposé dans les leucémies aigües. Le rôle essentiel d'ETS1 a été décrit au cours de l'hématopoïèse, plus particulièrement dans la différenciation lymphocytaire T. Son expression temporelle coordonnée participe au contrôle des transitions du stade double négatif (DN) CD4-/CD8- au stade double positif (DP) CD4+/CD8+jusqu'au stade simple positif (SP) CD4+ ou CD8+. Au cours de l'ontogenèse T, ETS1 transactive notamment l'expression des chaînes β et α du récepteur des cellules T (TCR). Nous avons criblé à grande échelle les cibles d'ETS1 aux stades DN et DP en ChIP-Seq, ainsi que desmarques histone et de l'ARN polymérase II (Pol II). Afin de faciliter nos analyses bioinformatiques, nous avons développé deux logiciels, CoCAS et AmaMineReg, qui permettent d'identifier plus facilement les cibles à partir de données brutes et de discriminer les vrais des faux positifs. Nous avons trouvé 5900 cibles en DN et 3400 en DP, principalement intergéniques dont 2000 sont communes, non caractérisées et correspondent aux gènes induits par la réponse immédiate à la signalisation TCR. Parmi les cibles différentiellement exprimées entre les deux stades, ETS1 active les gènes thymus-spécifiques et réprime les gènes hématopoïétiques non T spécifiques,en fonction de la co-occurrence avec le motif RUNX1. Nous avons également caractérisé très clairement le site de fixation en conditions natives, qui se révèle être CTTCCT.De plus, ETS1 co-localise avec des marques chromatines permissives aux régions inter- et intragéniques,caractérisées par un contenu GC, densité de motifs de fixation de FT (SFFT) et conservation inter-espèces accrus
ETS1 is a specific transcription factor (TF) transposed in acute leukemias. key role of ETS1 wasdescribed during hematopoiesis, especially in T lymphocyte differentiation. Its temporal expression participates in the coordinated control of phase transitions from the CD4-/CD8-double negative (DN) stage to CD4+/CD8+ double positive (DP) up to CD4 or CD8 single positivestage (SP). During ontogenesis T ETS1 notably transactivates the expression of the alpha and beta chains of the T-Cell receptor (TCR). We performed genome-wide screening of ETS1 at both DN and DP stages via ChIP-Seq, as well as histone hallmarks and RNA polymerase II (PolII). To facilitate computational analysis we developed two new software suites, and COCASAmaMineReg, which allow easier identification of targets from raw data and to discriminate between true and false positives. We found 5900 targets in 3400 in DN and DP, mostly intergenic, out of which 2000 are common, and correspond to uncharacterized genes induced bythe immediate response to TCR signaling. Among targets differentially expressed between thetwo stages, Ets1 activates thymus-specific genes and represses non T-specific haematopoietic genes depending on the co-occurrence with the RUNX1 motif. We also very clearly characterized the binding site in native conditions, which proved to be CTTCCT. Furthermore, Ets1 colocalizes with permissive chromatin marks in inter-and intra-genic regions, characterized byincreased GC content, TF binding motifs (TFBS) density as well as inter-species conservation
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Pinheiro, CatiÃssia Dantas. "CÃlulas CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3-CD16+CD56+ e CD19+ em sangue perifÃrico de pacientes com hansenÃase e indivÃduos saudÃveis." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16323.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
A hansenÃase à uma doenÃa granulomatosa, infecto-contagiosa causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae. Trata-se de uma infecÃÃo crÃnica com amplo espectro de respostas imunes celulares em humanos. Possui alto poder infectante e baixo poder patogÃnico. Este estudo tem como objetivo quantificar e comparar leucÃcitos e subpopulaÃÃes de linfÃcitos T totais (CD3+), T auxiliares (CD3+CD4+), T citotÃxicos (CD3+CD8+), B (CD19+) e NK (CD3-CD16+CD56+) em sangue perifÃrico de indivÃduos com hansenÃase e controles saudÃveis. Os pacientes foram provenientes do Centro de Dermatologia D. LibÃnia, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. A determinaÃÃo do nÃmero de linfÃcitos em cada subpopulaÃÃo foi realizada por citometria de fluxo. A anÃlise estatÃstica foi realizada pelo programa GraphPad Prism 5.0 para Windows com significÃncia estabelecida para valores de p<0,05. à um estudo do tipo caso controle de carÃter observacional, realizado a partir da anÃlise do sangue perifÃrico de indivÃduos com diagnÃstico de hansenÃase e de indivÃduos saudÃveis. A populaÃÃo de pacientes com hansenÃase, sem tratamento foi composta de 15 pessoas. A populaÃÃo de controles saudÃveis foi composta por 29 pessoas. As mÃdias das contagens de LinfÃcitos NK (CD3-CD16+CD56+) no grupo de pacientes com hansenÃase e nos controles saudÃveis, dadas em cÃlulas/mm3, foram, 147(Â113,4) e 378,1 (Â231,7) respectivamente, p = 0,0008. As mÃdias das contagens de LinfÃcitos B (CD19+) no grupo de pacientes com hansenÃase e nos controles saudÃveis, dadas em cÃlulas/mm3, foram, 233,3 (Â85,89) e 115,3 (Â53,01) , respectivamente, p < 0,0001. NÃo foram encontradas diferenÃas estatÃsticas significantes entre as amostras de leucÃcitos, de linfÃcitos T CD3+, linfÃcitos T CD4+ e linfÃcitos T CD8+. Os dados do presente estudo sinalizam que as cÃlulas NK parecem desempenhar papel de relevÃncia na resposta ao M. leprae. O linfÃcito B jà ocupa papel de destaque na resposta imunolÃgica ao M. leprae, sobretudo nas formas lepromatosas, e este estudo reforÃa a importÃncia destas cÃlulas.
Leprosy is an infectious and granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare levels of leucocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+, CD3-CD16+CD56+) in peripheral blood of patients with leprosy and healthy controls. Patients were followed at Centro de Dermatologia D. LibÃnia, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. Flow cytometry was used to determine numbers of lymphocytes. Statistical analisys was done with GraphPad Prism 5.0 software for windows. P values under 0.05 were considered siginificant.This was an observational case-control study. Fifteen leprosy patients without treatment were evaluated and 29 healthy individuals were included in control group. NK cells (CD3-CD16+CD56+) mean in leprosy patients was 147(Â113,4) and in controls was 378,1 (Â231,7). Comparisson stablished a p value of 0.0008. B lymphocytes (CD19+) mean in leprosy patients was 233,3 (Â85,89) and in controls was 115,3 (Â53,01), with p < 0,0001 . No differences were observed in CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes. This study suggests that NK cells may play a role in innate response to M. leprae.
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Pinheiro, Catiússia Dantas. "Células CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3-CD16+CD56+ e CD19+ em sangue periférico de pacientes com hanseníase e indivíduos saudáveis." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/15425.

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PINHEIRO, Catiússia Dantas. Células CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3-CD16+CD56+ e CD19+ em sangue periférico de pacientes com hanseníase e indivíduos saudáveis. 2013. 65 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Patologia) - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2013.
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Leprosy is an infectious and granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare levels of leucocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+, CD3-CD16+CD56+) in peripheral blood of patients with leprosy and healthy controls. Patients were followed at Centro de Dermatologia D. Libânia, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. Flow cytometry was used to determine numbers of lymphocytes. Statistical analisys was done with GraphPad Prism 5.0 software for windows. P values under 0.05 were considered siginificant.This was an observational case-control study. Fifteen leprosy patients without treatment were evaluated and 29 healthy individuals were included in control group. NK cells (CD3-CD16+CD56+) mean in leprosy patients was 147(±113,4) and in controls was 378,1 (±231,7). Comparisson stablished a p value of 0.0008. B lymphocytes (CD19+) mean in leprosy patients was 233,3 (±85,89) and in controls was 115,3 (±53,01), with p < 0,0001 . No differences were observed in CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes. This study suggests that NK cells may play a role in innate response to M. leprae.
A hanseníase é uma doença granulomatosa, infecto-contagiosa causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae. Trata-se de uma infecção crônica com amplo espectro de respostas imunes celulares em humanos. Possui alto poder infectante e baixo poder patogênico. Este estudo tem como objetivo quantificar e comparar leucócitos e subpopulações de linfócitos T totais (CD3+), T auxiliares (CD3+CD4+), T citotóxicos (CD3+CD8+), B (CD19+) e NK (CD3-CD16+CD56+) em sangue periférico de indivíduos com hanseníase e controles saudáveis. Os pacientes foram provenientes do Centro de Dermatologia D. Libânia, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. A determinação do número de linfócitos em cada subpopulação foi realizada por citometria de fluxo. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo programa GraphPad Prism 5.0 para Windows com significância estabelecida para valores de p<0,05. É um estudo do tipo caso controle de caráter observacional, realizado a partir da análise do sangue periférico de indivíduos com diagnóstico de hanseníase e de indivíduos saudáveis. A população de pacientes com hanseníase, sem tratamento foi composta de 15 pessoas. A população de controles saudáveis foi composta por 29 pessoas. As médias das contagens de Linfócitos NK (CD3-CD16+CD56+) no grupo de pacientes com hanseníase e nos controles saudáveis, dadas em células/mm3, foram, 147(±113,4) e 378,1 (±231,7) respectivamente, p = 0,0008. As médias das contagens de Linfócitos B (CD19+) no grupo de pacientes com hanseníase e nos controles saudáveis, dadas em células/mm3, foram, 233,3 (±85,89) e 115,3 (±53,01) , respectivamente, p < 0,0001. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significantes entre as amostras de leucócitos, de linfócitos T CD3+, linfócitos T CD4+ e linfócitos T CD8+. Os dados do presente estudo sinalizam que as células NK parecem desempenhar papel de relevância na resposta ao M. leprae. O linfócito B já ocupa papel de destaque na resposta imunológica ao M. leprae, sobretudo nas formas lepromatosas, e este estudo reforça a importância destas células.
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Anand, Arthi. "Characterization of CD3+CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells in patients with systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445261/.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease characterized serologically by B cell hyperactivity and a panoply of autoantibodies against nuclear, cytoplasmic and cell surface antigens. It is thought that T cells are involved in this process and more recently it has been suggested that the CD4+ CD8+, i.e.double negative (DN) T cells, might be important. As a start to understanding the contribution of DN T cells to disease pathogenesis in SLE, the percentages of DN T cells were determined and it was found that otp but not y5 DNT cells were significantly increased in patients with SLE when compared to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (autoimmune controls) and healthy controls. To further establish their participation in the autoimmune reactions in SLE, the activation markers expressed by the DN T cells were examined. It was found that HLA-DR and CD69, and co-stimulatory molecules CD28 and CTLA-4 were all expressed by significantly higher percentages of DNT cells from patients with SLE, than those with RA or healthy controls (HC). More DN T cells from SLE patients were CD45RA+ than from controls, while CD45R0+ were reduced. DN T cells in patients with SLE also showed a more activated phenotype than their CD4+/ CD8+ counterparts. To understand the functional significance in SLE DNT cells, the percentages of SLE otp TCR+ DN T cells containing intracellular IL-4, a Th2 cytokine was determined. Higher percentages of SLE ap TCR DN+ T cells contained DL-4 constitutively than RA or HC. DN T cell populations from patients with SLE showed greater resistance to apoptosis in culture than the conventional CD4/CD8+ cells and DN T cells from healthy controls. High Bcl-2/Bax ratios and higher levels of Bcl-x observed in the DN T cells from patients with SLE could explain their resistance to apoptosis compared to the conventional T cells and DN T cells from healthy controls.
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Khan, Qasim. "Regulation of apoptosis in CD4§-CD8§- Ãߧ+ T cells." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29310.pdf.

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Tyznik, Aaron Jacob. "CD4+ T cell help for CD8+ T cell responses /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8314.

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Behrendt, Anne. "Differential antigen dependency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-171521.

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Wheeler, Lee Adam. "CD4 Aptamer-SiRNA Chimeras (CD4-AsiCs) Knockdown Gene Expression in CD4+ Cells and Inhibit HIV Transmission." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10272.

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The continued spread of HIV underscores the need to interrupt transmission. One attractive strategy is a topical microbicide. Sexual transmission of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in mice can be inhibited by intravaginal small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) application. To overcome the challenges of using siRNAs to knock down gene expression in immune cells susceptible to HIV infection, we used chimeric RNAs composed of an aptamer fused to an siRNA for targeted gene knockdown in cells bearing an aptamer-binding receptor. Here, we showed that CD4 aptamer-siRNA chimeras (CD4-AsiCs) specifically suppress gene expression in CD4+ T cells and macrophages in vitro, in polarized cervicovaginal tissue explants, and in both the genital and rectal tracts of humanized mice. CD4-AsiCs do not activate lymphocytes or stimulate innate immunity, provide durable target gene silencing for up to three weeks in vitro, and maintain effectiveness in a hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) gel formulation. CD4-AsiCs that knock down HIV genes and/or CCR5 inhibited HIV infection in vitro and in cervicovaginal explants. When applied intravaginally to humanized mice, CD4-AsiCs provided durable protection against transmission of the virus. Thus, CD4-AsiCs could be used as the active ingredient of a microbicide to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV.
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Books on the topic "CD4"

1

Littman, Dan R., ed. The CD4 Molecule. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79798-9.

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Bunce, Campbell. CD45 isoform expression and CD4 T cell memory. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1996.

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Judokusumo, Edward. Mechanosensing in Naive CD4+ T cells. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2014.

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Kay, Lyndsey Sara. Anti-B-cell lymphoma activity mediated by CD3+CD4-CD8- T cells activated in vitro or in vivo. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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Flynn, Sarah. Regulation of CD4 T cell differentiation by OX40L. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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Cheng, Gordon W. Functions of CD45 in TCR signaling in CD4p+sCD8p+s double-positive thymocytes. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999.

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Na, Songqing, and Chandrasekar Venkataraman Iyer. Effector CD4+ T cells in health and disease 2007. Kerala, India: Transworld Research Network, 2007.

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Compans, R. W., M. D. Cooper, T. Honjo, H. Koprowski, F. Melchers, M. B. A. Oldstone, S. Olsnes, et al., eds. CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells: Origin, Function and Therapeutic Potential. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27702-1.

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Dittlein, Daniela. Influence of keratinocyte derived mediators on CD4+ T cell plasticity. München: Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016.

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Bashour, Keenan T. Spatial Dynamics and the Mechanoresponse in CD4+ T Cell Activation. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "CD4"

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Kleine, T. O. "Liquor-CD4/CD8-Quotient." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_1913-1.

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Kleine, T. O. "Liquor-CD4/CD8-Quotient." In Springer Reference Medizin, 1489. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_1913.

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Renz, H., and B. Gierten. "CD4." In Springer Reference Medizin, 540–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_691.

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Renz, H., and B. Gierten. "CD4." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_691-1.

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Gluzman, D. F., I. V. Abramenko, N. I. Belous, L. M. Sklyarenko, L. Y. Poludnenko, S. N. Gaidukova, V. D. Drozdova, S. B. Donskaya, and E. A. Lyvshits. "CD7+CD4-CD8-Blast Cells in Acute Leukemia." In Acute Leukemias VI, 260–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60377-8_43.

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Collins, T. L., W. C. Hahn, B. E. Bierer, and S. J. Burakoff. "CD4, CD8 and CD2 in T Cell Adhesion and Signaling." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 223–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78253-4_18.

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Kohlhapp, Frederick J., and Andrew Zloza. "CD4+ T Cells." In Cancer Therapeutic Targets, 117–29. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0717-2_139.

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Kohlhapp, Frederick J., and Andrew Zloza. "CD4+ T Cells." In Cancer Therapeutic Targets, 1–13. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6613-0_139-1.

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Afinogenova, Yuliya, and Joel P. Brooks. "Idiopathic CD4 Lymphopenia." In Primary and Secondary Immunodeficiency, 139–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57157-3_9.

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Kim, Edward Y., Stephen C. Juvet, and Li Zhang. "Regulatory CD4– CD8– Double Negative T Cells." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 85–98. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-869-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "CD4"

1

Наджафова, В. А. к. "Оценка нарушений субпопуляций лимфоцитов у детей с железодефицитной анемией." In General question of world science. Наука России, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-31-07-2021-03.

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Статья посвящена проблеме нарушения иммунитета у детей с железодефицитной анемией (ЖДА), проживающих в Азербайджане. Были выявлены более низкие показатели клеточного иммунитета (CD3, CD4, CD8). Относительное количество клеток CD3 в общей группе детей с ЖДА составило 52,7±4,35%, в контрольной группе - 62,6±5,49%, р<0,05. Проведенные исследования выявили положительную корреляцию клеток CD3, CD4, CD8 с гемоглобином и сывороточным железом. Результаты высокой силы связи коэффициента корреляции сывороточного железа с относительным количеством клеток CD3 и CD4 в общих группах детей с ЖДА (r = 0,8) показали, что дефицит железа играет большую роль для активности клеточного иммунитета. Таким образом, в статье показано ослабление как врожденного (NK-CD56), так и приобретенного (CD3, CD4, CD8) компонентов клеточного иммунитета. Полученные результаты могут быть оценены как нарушение иммунного баланса, связанное с недостаточностью клеточного иммунитета у детей с ЖДА.
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Riddervold, Mette, Susanne S. Kaae, Jesper Gade, Ole Hilberg, and Hans Jürgen Hoffmann. "Prognostic Value Of CD4/CD8-ratio, CD103+CD4/CD4- Ratio, S-ACE And Lymphocytosis In The Diagnosis Of Sarcoidosis." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a5990.

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Jackute, Jurgita, Marius Zemaitis, Darius Pranys, Brigita Sitkauskiene, Skaidrius Miliauskas, and Raimundas Sakalauskas. "Distribution of CD4+Foxp3+,CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in non-small cell lung cancer." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa531.

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Hyldgaard, Charlotte, Susanne Kaae, Mette Riddervold, Hans Jürgen Hoffmann, and Ole Hilberg. "Value Of S-ACE, BAL Lymphocytosis, CD4/CD8 And CD103CD4/CD4 In Diagnosis Of Sarcoidosis." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a1356.

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Baer, Thomas M., and Louis J. Dietz. "Absolute Enumeration of Rare Cell Types in Peripheral Blood Using Laser Induced Fluorescence and Volumetric Microscopy." In Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Diagnostics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bosd.1996.ca2.

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This paper describes a novel technique for the absolute enumeration of dye-labeled cells using laser-induced fluorescence and volumetric microscopy. This technique has been used for the enumeration of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, CD34+ stem cells, and quality checking of leukocyte-reduced blood products.
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Jiang, W., H. Hong, R. Juskevicius, D. A. Weidner, Y. Feng, L. V. Yang, J. Q. Lu, and X. H. Hu. "Study of 3D Structural Differences between CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes." In Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/biomed.2014.bs3a.78.

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Lins, Lucas Costa, Iana Carneiro Pinto, Nathalia Lima Schramm dos Santos, Vitor de Oliveira Silva, and Marcos Lázaro da Silva Guerreiro. "INFLUÊNCIA DA QUIMIOTERAPIA NA RESPOSTA IMUNOLÓGICA CELULAR EM CAMUNDONGOS INFECTADOS COM AS CEPAS Y E COLOMBIANA DO TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Parasitologia Humana On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/741.

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Introdução: Estudos sugerem que o tratamento quimioterápico estimula o sistema imunológico em camundongos infectados com cepas do T. cruzi. Objetivo: avaliar a influência do tratamento com Benzonidazol sobre a resposta imunológica celular em camundongos infectados com a cepa Y (suscetível) e Colombiana (resistente). Material e métodos: 150 camundongos, subdivididos em: Infectados tratados cepa Y (YT) e não tratados (Y-NT); Colombiana tratados (COL-T) e não tratados (COL-NT), Tratados não infectados (TNI) e Controles sem tratamento (CI). O inóculo foi 1,0 x 104 por via intraperitoneal. Os procedimentos estiveram de acordo ao protocolo CEUA, 013/09. O tratamento foi iniciado no pico parasitêmico das cepas, sendo no 7º dia após a infecção nos infectados pela cepa Y e, nos tratados e não infectados, no 18º nos infectados pela cepa Colombiana. A quimioterapia foi em 60 doses (100mg/kg/dia). Os camundongos eutanasiados na fase aguda e crônica nos grupos tiveram a resposta celular investigada pelas citocinas IL-6 IL-10, MCP-1, INF-γ e TNF-α e pelas subpopulações celulares no baço de CD4+ , CD8+ , células de memórias CD62L, células B e macrófagos. Resultados: as citocinas circulantes IL-6 IL-10, MCP-1, INF-γ e TNF-α, foram mais elevadas nos animais infectados com a cepa Y, o tratamento com Benz, não alterou os índices circulantes nos TNI. A citometria na fase aguda demonstrou maior frequência de CD4+ e CD8+ no grupo TNI; de células de memória (CD62L/CD4 e CD8) no grupo YT; de CD11b no grupo COL-NT fase aguda e na YT na fase crônica; e de células B (B220) no grupo CI. Na fase crônica maior frequência de CD4+ e CD8+ no grupo COL-T; de células de memória: (CD4/CD62L) no grupo YT e (CD8/CD62L) no COL-T; de CD11b no YT; e de células B (B220) CI. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que o tratamento com Benz tem influência na resposta imunológica celular em camundongos.
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Ting, Vox, Carmen Chak-Lui Wong, Yok Lam Kwong, and Thomas Chung Cheung Yau. "Abstract 487: Genomic difference of CD4 CD8 double-positive T cells versus conventional CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells in responders undergoing immunotherapy in advanced HCC." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-487.

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Alanio, Cecile, Bertram Bengsch, Josephine R. Gies, Sarah Henrickson, Nan Ping Weng, Janáe A. Ritz-Romeo, Mark O'Hara, et al. "Abstract A123: Skewed CD4 and CD8 T-cell differentiation in pancreatic cancer patients." In Abstracts: Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 30 - October 3, 2018; New York, NY. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr18-a123.

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Rashad Mahmoud, Alaa, and Asmaa Nafady. "Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and CD4/CD8 ratio in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa3104.

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Reports on the topic "CD4"

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Cook, R., and A. Nikroo. D2 and CD4 Purity Effects on CD Ablators. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15006535.

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Mekova, Ralitsa V., Spaska S. Lesichkova, Adelina D. Tsakova, Julieta Z. Bakalova, Deniz Bakalov, and Mihail Boyanov. Circulating CD3(+)CD4(+)CD28(‒) T Lymphocytes in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.05.14.

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Surls, Jacqueline D. Regulation of CD4+ T-Cell Function by Membrane Cholesterol. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1013280.

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Banai, Menachem, and Gary Splitter. Molecular Characterization and Function of Brucella Immunodominant Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568100.bard.

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The BARD project was a continuation of a previous BARD funded research project. It was aimed at characterization of the 12kDa immunodominant protein and subsequently the cloning and expression of the gene in E. coli. Additional immunodominant proteins were sought among genomic B. abortus expression library clones using T-lymphocyte proliferation assay as a screening method. The 12kDa protein was identified as the L7/L12 ribosomal protein demonstrating in the first time the role a structural protein may play in the development of the host's immunity against the organism. The gene was cloned from B. abortus (USA) and B. melitensis (Israel) showing identity of the oligonucleotide sequence between the two species. Further subcloning allowed expression of the protein in E. coli. While the native protein was shown to have DTH antigenicity its recombinant analog lacked this activity. In contrast the two proteins elicited lymphocyte proliferation in experimental murine brucellosis. CD4+ cells of the Th1 subset predominantly responded to this protein demonstrating the development of protective immunity (g-IFN, and IL-2) in the host. Similar results were obtained with bovine Brucella primed lymphocytes. UvrA, GroE1 and GroEs were additional Brucella immunodominant proteins that demonstrated MHC class II antigenicity. The role cytotoxic cells are playing in the clearance of brucella cells was shown using knock out mice defective either in their CD4+ or CD8+ cells. CD4+ defective mice were able to clear brucella as fast as did normal mice. In contrast mice which were defective in their CD8+ cells could not clear the organisms effectively proving the importance of this subtype cell line in development of protective immunity. The understanding of the host's immune response and the expansion of the panel of Brucella immunodominant proteins opened new avenues in vaccine design. It is now feasible to selectively use immunodominant proteins either as subunit vaccine to fortify immunity of older animals or as diagnostic reagents for the serological survaillance.
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Liang, BiYan, BiYan Liang, and Jian Wang. A Meta Analysis of the Efficacy of Tonic Method in Traditional Chinese Medicine for AIDS Immunological Nonresponses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0077.

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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of tonic method in treating AIDS immunological nonresponses. Eligibility criteria: ①Study type: RCT based on tonic method in TCM for AIDS INRs. The language was limited to Chinese and English. ②The research object: HIV/AIDS patients with any disease stage; the intervention objects were adults with no gender restrictions. ③Intervention measures: The treatment group was treated with tonic prescriptions combined with ART, including four types of prescriptions for nourishing qi, nourishing blood, nourishing yin, or nourishing yang; the dosage, frequency, and method were not limited. The control group was treated with ART or mock agent and placebo. ④Outcome indicators: The observation indicators reported in the included studies should include at least one of the following indicators: 1) Effective rate of immune function reconstruction: formulated in accordance with "AIDS (Adult) Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Program" (2016 Edition) , effective: CD4 + T lymphocyte counts increased by ≥ 50 cells/l or ≥ 30%, invalid: CD4+ T lymphocyte counts decreased by ≥ 50 cells/l or ≥ 30%; total effective rate = effective number/total number; 2) CD4+T lymphocyte counts level.
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Kang, Insoo. Studying the Role for CD4+ T Cell Subsets in Human Lupus. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada585488.

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Weinberg, Andrew D. Tumor Specific CD4+ T-Cell Costimulation Through a Novel Receptor/Ligand Interaction. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada374764.

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Weinberg, Andrew D. Tumor Specific CD4+ T-Cell Costimulation Through a Novel Receptor Ligand Interaction. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada359629.

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Zheng, Ruo-xiang, Xun Li, Jing Li, Zhen-wei Liu, Feng Jiang, Nicola Robinson, and Jian-ping Liu. Does Chinese herbal remedy Tangcao tablet work for the treatment of HIV/AIDS：a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0042.

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Review question / Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tangcao tablet (Tangcao) for treating people with HIV/AIDS. Condition being studied: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic infectious disease characterized by severe immunodeficiency caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The infection attacks specifically the white blood cells, CD4+T (CD4) cells, weakening the immunity of individuals against infections such as tuberculosis. Without treatment, patients with AIDS may survive up to 2 years. Pneumocystis pneumonia and infections of the central nervous system are two of the most common causes of death in people with AIDS. AIDS still remains a significant global public health problem, with an estimated 37.7 million people infected with HIV at the end of 2020.
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Mastro, Andrea M. The Use of Exercise to Increase CD4 (+) T Lymphocytes Following Chemotheraphy Treatment for Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398031.

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