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Newman, Peter. "CD-ROM security issues." Computers & Security 14, no. 5 (January 1995): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(96)90044-9.
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Ho-Dac, Hung, and Van-Len Vo. "An Approach to Enhance CI/CD Pipeline with Open-Source Security Tools." European Modern Studies Journal 8, no. 3 (July 30, 2024): 408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.59573/emsj.8(3).2024.30.
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Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment (CD) are important aspects in software engineering today. In modern software production organizational models, CI/CD pipeline has become a mandatory element to improve speed and reduce team effort in developing, integrating, and deploying. In the context of increasing information security risks, deploying security tools for the CI/CD pipeline has become an inevitable trend. Deploying information security tools throughout the pipeline according to the "Shift Left" philosophy will help detect information security issues early for timely handling and reduce correction costs. In this research, we present an approach to improve the CI/CD pipeline by integrating information security tools introduced by the Open Source Foundation for Application Security Project (OWASP). In addition, we also present trade-offs when implementing information security into the CI/CD pipeline.
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Tipton, Jocelyn. "National security archive index on CD-ROM." Journal of Government Information 22, no. 5 (September 1995): 481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-0237(95)90023-3.
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Belsky, Jay, and Michael Rovine. "Q-Sort security and first-year nonmaternal care." New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 1990, no. 49 (1990): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219904903.
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Weimer, Katherine H., Laura Lillard, Wendi Arant, and David Mitchell. "Security and Access to CD-ROMs Accompanying Books." Library Resources & Technical Services 44, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/lrts.44n4.201.
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Zhao, Li, Fei Juan Wang, Hui Yang, Yu Xing Duan, and Chen Zhu. "Impacts of Nitrogen (Urea) Fertilization on Cadmium Accumulation Nitrate Contents and Nutritive Values in Chinese Cabbage." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 809–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.809.
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Pot-mode cultivation experiments were carried out to study the impacts of nitrogen（urea）fertilization in different level on Cadmium (Cd) accumulation, nitrate contents and nutritive values in Chinese cabbage, The results showed that: at different level of Cd artificial enriched soil, with applied urea increased, the accumulation of Cd in edible part of Chinese cabbage gradually decreased. Nitrate Contents in edible part have a positive correlation with the concentration of Cd in soil and the nitrogen fertilizer applied. In the natural soil (with contaminated Cd in concentration of 0.18 mg/kg), when the urea was fertilized by 255 kg/hm2 to 330 kg/hm2, Cd and nitrate contents of edible parts of cabbage were within the national food security limits, which could guarantee the food security of Chinese cabbage. Increasing nitrogen fertilization in the form of urea has a certain effect on amino acids contents but little effect on soluble sugar contents in Chinese cabbage, when the concentration of urea was 320 kg/hm2, amino acids contents of cabbage reached the highest level of 355 mg/kg1. Increasing nitrogen fertilization could lower down the contents of water-soluble Cd and the available Cd in soil, thereby reduce the absorption of Cd by Chinese cabbage. To a certain extent, increasing nitrogen fertilization could increase the food security of Chinese cabbage.
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Hu, Ji, and Christoph Meinel. "Tele-Lab “IT-Security” on CD: portable, reliable and safe IT security training." Computers & Security 23, no. 4 (June 2004): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2004.02.005.
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Xia, Shiwei, Liangyun Song, Yi Wu, Zhoujun Ma, Jiangping Jing, Zhaohao Ding, and Gengyin Li. "An Integrated LHS–CD Approach for Power System Security Risk Assessment with Consideration of Source–Network and Load Uncertainties." Processes 7, no. 12 (December 2, 2019): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7120900.
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Large-scale wind power integrated into power grids brings serious uncertainties and risks for power system safe operation, and it is imperative to evaluate power system security risk pertinent to high-level of uncertainties. In this paper, a comprehensive source–network–load probabilistic model, representing the typical uncertainties penetrated in power generation transmission consumption portion, is firstly set for power system operation. Afterwards an integrated LHS–CD approach based on the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and Cholesky decomposition (CD) is tailored to effectively conduct the security risk assessment, in which the LHS is utilized to stratified sample the uncertainties of wind power and thermal power, transmission line outage, and load demands, while the CD part is adopted to address the correlations of uncertainties by rearranging the sampled matrix generated by LHS. Moreover, static voltage risk and transmission line overloaded risk index are properly defined for quantitatively evaluating power system operational security risk. Simulation results of a modified New England 39-bus system confirm that the proposed integrated LHS–CD approach is effective and efficient for power system security risk assessment with consideration of source–network–load demand uncertainties.
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Nardone, Claudia, Simone Russo, Simone Gazzillo, Raffaele Migliorini, Marco Trabucco Aurilio, and Francesco Saverio Mennini. "PP36 Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Disability Costs Among Italian Workers." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319001995.
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IntroductionThe aim of the study is to estimate the disability insurance costs (social security system in Italy is financed by public expenditure) induced by patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and specifically for Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) between 2009 and 2015.MethodsWe analyzed the database about the disability insurance awards and the mean cost per benefit of the National Institute of Social Security (INPS) for two types of social security benefits: incapacity pensions (IP - for people without workability) and disability benefits (DB - for people with reduced work ability). From this data, we have estimated the total benefit provided and the total costs for each disease. A probabilistic model with a Monte Carlo simulation was developed in order to estimate the total benefits provided and costs.ResultsFor CD, an average of 820 beneficiaries of social security benefits were detected per year (2009-2015): the total expenditure was EUR 50 million, EUR 7 million per year (about EUR 7,900 per patient); for UC, about 1,550 beneficiaries per year were detected and the total expenditure was EUR 93 million, EUR 13 million per year (about EUR 8,600 per patient).ConclusionsThe disability insurance costs related with the management of CD and UC showed a significant impact on the expenditure for the Italian system: the most important costs for disability for CD and UC in Italy in the analyzed period were DB (92 percent for CD and 95 percent for UC). Rapid access to innovative treatments could reduce the costs incurred by the social security system.
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Linsmeier, Thomas J., Gerald J. Lobo, and George K. Kanaan. "Dispersion in Industry Price Changes and the Relative Association between Alternative Income Measures and Security Returns." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 10, no. 2 (April 1995): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9501000211.
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The objective of this research is to assess whether the incremental information content of current cost (CC) income and constant dollar (CD) income is time-period specific. Based on work by Lim and Sunder (1990), we predict that CC (CD) income is more likely to exhibit incremental information content over CD (CC) income when the dispersion in annual price changes across industries is large (small). Evidence provided using FASB Statement No. 33 data is consistent with these predictions. That is, CD (CC) income is shown to exhibit incremental information content over CC (CD) income in the years 1980 and 1983 (1981 and 1982). We then extend this analysis to a disclosure environment that includes historical cost (HC) income, and find that CD (CC) income also has incremental information content over HC income in those same years—1980 and 1983 (1981 and 1982). Thus, by identifying time periods when either CC income or CD income is the preferred income measure, we also are able to provide sample-wide evidence that accounting data adjusted for changing prices of productive assets provide incremental information over HC income.
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Zhang, Yingfan, Tingting Fu, Xueyao Chen, Hancheng Guo, Hongyi Li, and Bifeng Hu. "Modeling Cadmium Contents in a Soil–Rice System and Identifying Potential Controls." Land 11, no. 5 (April 21, 2022): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050617.
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Cadmium (Cd) pollution in a soil–rice system is closely related to widely concerning issues, such as food security and health risk due to exposure to heavy metals. Therefore, modeling the Cd content in a soil–rice system and identifying related controls could provide critical information for ensuring food security and reducing related health risks. To archive this goal, in this study, we collected 217 pairs of soil–rice samples from three subareas in Zhejiang Province in the Yangtze River Delta of China. All soil–rice samples were air-dried and conducted for chemical analysis. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient, ANOVA, co-occurrence network, multiple regression model, and nonlinear principal component analysis were then used to predict the Cd content in rice and identify potential controls for the accumulation of Cd in rice. Our results indicate that although the mean total concentration of Cd in soil samples was higher than that of the background value in Zhejiang Province, the mean concentration of Cd in rice was higher than that of the national regulation value. Furthermore, a significant difference was detected for Cd content in rice planted in different soil groups derived from different parental materials. In addition, soil organic matter and total Cd in the soil are essential factors for predicting Cd concentrations in rice. Additionally, specific dominant factors resulting in Cd accumulation in rice planted at different subareas were identified via nonlinear principal component analysis. Our study provides new insights and essential implications for policymakers to formulate specific prevention and control strategies for Cd pollution and related health risks.
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Bhardwaj, Arvind Kumar, P. K. Dutta, and Pradeep Chintale. "Securing Container Images through Automated Vulnerability Detection in Shift-Left CI/CD Pipelines." Babylonian Journal of Networking 2024 (August 20, 2024): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.58496/bjn/2024/016.
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Integrating shift-left security practices and automated vulnerability detection in container images is imperative for modern software development, given the dynamics and vulnerability landscape. This crucial methodology emphasizes security from the initial stages of integration in container-based environments like Docker and Kubernetes. The paper examines containerization security challenges, including image vulnerabilities, insecure configurations, runtime risks, weak orchestration security, and supply chain weaknesses, while stressing compliance with regulatory rules. It explores how this automated approach leverages vulnerability detection methods integrated into Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines through static and dynamic analyses, vulnerability databases, and policy-enforcement mechanisms. Beyond identifying vulnerabilities in CI/CD pipelines, the paper outlines methods to avoid policy violations, mitigate vulnerable images, and prevent recurring practices. Importantly, it underscores the continuous enforcement and remediation of policies and security standards. Security teams must invest efforts in developing policies, automated executions, and remediation procedures, fostering cross-departmental collaboration. In essence, this proactive stance aims to enhance software security, reduce risks, and improve adherence in containerized ecosystems, making it an indispensable component of modern software development.
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Lin, Qi, Qing-Ping Yang, Bin Sun, Yong-Peng Fu, Xin Zhu, Tai-Bao Wei, and You-Ming Zhang. "Competitive coordination control of the AIE and micro states of supramolecular gel: an efficient approach for reversible dual-channel stimuli-response materials." Soft Matter 10, no. 42 (2014): 8427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm01288g.
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The properties of Cd2+-coordinated metallogel (CdG) were controlled by the competitive coordination of Cd2+with gelator and I−. The CdG could act as I−sensing material and rewritable security display materials.
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Liu, Junli, Xiaoyu Feng, Gaoyang Qiu, Hua Li, Yuan Wang, Xiaodong Chen, Qinglin Fu, and Bin Guo. "Inhibition Roles of Calcium in Cadmium Uptake and Translocation in Rice: A Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 14 (July 18, 2023): 11587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411587.
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Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice grains is posing a significant threat to global food security. To restrict the transport of Cd in the soil-rice system, an efficient way is to use the ionomics strategy. Since calcium (Ca) and Cd have similar ionic radii, their uptake and translocation may be linked in multiple aspects in rice. However, the underlying antagonistic mechanisms are still not fully understood. Therefore, we first summarized the current knowledge on the physiological and molecular footprints of Cd translocation in plants and then explored the potential antagonistic points between Ca and Cd in rice, including exchange adsorption on roots, plant cell-wall composition, co-transporter gene expression, and transpiration inhibition. This review provides suggestions for Ca/Cd interaction studies on rice and introduces ionomics research as a means of better controlling the accumulation of Cd in plants.
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Harrison Oke Ekpobimi, Regina Coelis Kandekere, and Adebamigbe Alex Fasanmade. "Front-end development and cybersecurity: A conceptual approach to building secure web applications." Computer Science & IT Research Journal 5, no. 9 (September 6, 2024): 2154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i9.1556.
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The growing importance of cybersecurity in the digital age necessitates a comprehensive approach to securing web applications, particularly through robust front-end development practices. This review paper proposes a conceptual framework for integrating security best practices into front-end development to mitigate common vulnerabilities such as Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF). The framework emphasizes key components: threat modeling, secure coding practices, security automation, integration into Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, and continuous monitoring. By embedding security into every stage of the development process, the framework enhances the security of web applications. It aligns with U.S. national interests in bolstering cybersecurity. The paper also discusses the implications of secure front-end development for national cybersecurity, highlighting the framework's potential to reduce the attack surface of critical web applications significantly. Recommendations are provided for policymakers and industry leaders to promote adopting secure front-end practices, ensuring a resilient digital infrastructure. Keywords: Secure Front-End Development, Cybersecurity, Web Application Security, Threat Modeling, Security Automation, National Cybersecurity.
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Singh, Nikhil. "CI/CD Pipeline for Web Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 5218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52867.
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Abstract: Modern organisation’s rapid pace of software development necessitates teams delivering high-quality software products faster than ever before. In order to accomplish this, software development teams are incorporating continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) methodologies into their software development processes. CI/CD pipelines are a set of practises and tools that allow teams to efficiently and reliably automate the development, testing, and deployment of software products. CI/CD pipelines have become an essential tool for teams delivering web applications at a faster pace while ensuring scalability, security, and performance in the context of web applications. This paper provides an overview of the best practises and tools for constructing a successful CI/CD pipeline for web applications. Version control, continuous integration, automated testing, deployment automation, monitoring, and logging are among the key steps covered in the paper. The paper also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of CI/CD pipelines, such as increased productivity, shorter time-to-market, fewer manual errors, and better collaboration between development and operations teams. Several case studies are included in the paperto demonstrate the effectiveness of CI/CD pipelines in web application development. The case studies cover a variety of web applications, such as e-commerce websites, social media platforms, and healthcare apps. Each case study provides practical insights into CI/CD pipeline implementation, including the tools and technologies used, the benefits realised, and the challenges encountered. The case studies also emphasise the importance of culture and collaboration in CI/CD pipeline implementation success. The paper also discusses the key tools and technologies used in web application CI/CD pipelines, such as Git, Jenkins, Docker, Kubernetes, and AWS. The paper provides an overview of these tools as well as their role in various stages of the CI/CD pipeline. The paper also discusses the importance ofsecurity in CI/CD pipelines, as well as an overview of the key security practices that must be implemented
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Poon, F. S. F., and M. S. Iqbal. "Design of a physical layer security mechanism for CSMA/CD networks." IEE Proceedings I Communications, Speech and Vision 139, no. 1 (1992): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-i-2.1992.0015.
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Perkasa, Panca Rizki, and Evangs Mailoa. "ADOPSI DEVSECOPS UNTUK MENDUKUNG METODE AGILE MENGGUNAKAN TRIVY SEBAGAI SECURITY SCANNER DOCKER IMAGE DAN DOCKERFILE." Jurnal Indonesia : Manajemen Informatika dan Komunikasi 4, no. 3 (September 10, 2023): 856–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/jimik.v4i3.291.
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Compliance with personal data protection laws requires electronic system operators to pay more attention to security in applications. Security testing which is usually done at the end of the SDLC makes Agile principles incompatible with advantages that prioritize acceleration, adaptability and responsiveness to change. DevSecOps implementation using Trivy will insert a security scanner process for applications that are deployed in containerized form. The continuous process of security scanning integrated in CI/CD will increase the awareness of developers in terms of application security, so that developers will more quickly fix these problems and avoid security problems at the end of the SDLC.
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Bipin Gajbhiye, Anshika Aggarwal, and Shalu Jain. "Automated Security Testing in DevOps Environments Using AI and ML." International Journal for Research Publication and Seminar 15, no. 2 (June 29, 2024): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36676/jrps.v15.i2.1472.
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The rapid adoption of DevOps practices has transformed the software development landscape by emphasizing continuous integration, continuous delivery (CI/CD), and agile methodologies. However, this rapid pace of development often introduces significant security challenges, as traditional security testing methods struggle to keep up with the accelerated release cycles. To address these challenges, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) into automated security testing has emerged as a promising solution. This paper explores the use of AI and ML to enhance automated security testing within DevOps environments, offering a comprehensive approach to identifying, predicting, and mitigating security vulnerabilities in real time. Automated security testing leverages AI and ML algorithms to analyze code, detect anomalies, and predict potential security threats. These technologies enable the continuous monitoring of codebases, allowing for the early identification of vulnerabilities before they are exploited. By incorporating AI-driven security testing into the CI/CD pipeline, organizations can ensure that security is not an afterthought but a continuous process integrated into every stage of the software development lifecycle. AI and ML models can be trained to recognize patterns associated with security risks, such as code injection, unauthorized access, and data leakage. These models continuously learn from new data, improving their accuracy over time and adapting to evolving threats. The dynamic nature of AI-driven security testing makes it particularly suited for DevOps environments, where frequent code changes and updates can introduce new vulnerabilities. Moreover, AI and ML can assist in automating complex tasks, such as threat modeling, risk assessment, and the prioritization of security issues, enabling security teams to focus on higher-order tasks that require human expertise.
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Wang, Hong, Hai Bo Li, Xue Dong Lv, and Ji Fu Ma. "Distribution and Fractionation of Lead and Cadmium in a Long-Term Zinc Smelting Areas." Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (October 2014): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.505.
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Pb, Cd contamination is a serious enviroment problem in the process of exploitation and utilization of zinc mine. In this study, the contents and different fractions of Pb, Cd were investigated in a regions of zinc smelting with indigenous method. The results revealed that Pb, Cd pollution were seriously in smelting slags and farmland. The contents of Pb, Cd were 34 times and 9 times as that of the background values of soil. The sequential extraction test showed that 80% of Pb were associated with residual Pb, Fe-Mn oxides bound Pb and Organic bound Pb, while exchangeable fractions Pb was quitely lower.The sequence of Cd fracttions in slags was residual fraction>Fe-Mn oxide-bound>Exchangeable> Carbonate-bound > Organic-bound. The exchangeable fraction Cd in farmland soils was the most and reached 24%~43%. Bioavailability of Cd is very high in the studied area and had huge threat to the crop security and human healthy.
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Purba, Ronsen, Irpan Pardosi, Harry Darmawan, and Aldo Alex Sitorus. "Pengamanan Data Teks Dengan NTRU dan Modulus Function pada Koefisien IHWT Citra Warna." Jurnal SIFO Mikroskil 20, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55601/jsm.v20i1.649.
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The development of digital information have caused the rise of information technology security to protect text data that contains secret. Steganography is one of many solutions for securing text data by hiding the text data on an image so that another party would not know the existence of such data. Criteria of a good steganography involves imperceptibility, fidelity, robustness dan recovery. One steganographic method is CD (Coefficient Difference), adopted from PVD (Pixel Value Differencing) which does hiding in spatial domain using difference of two pixel values that results in large modification of pixel values, reducing imperceptibility. Modulus function is used to solve such shortcoming in CD by using the modulus function on embedding, minimizing pixel modification during the process, resulting in improved imperceptibility. In this final project, IHWT (Integer Haar Wavelet Transform) are used to keep imperceptibility high. To improve the security, cryptographic method NTRU is applied on the secret message before it is hidden in image. The result showed that the combination of NTRU, IHWT and modulus function yields good imperceptibility, with PSNR value above 40 dB while the stego image resist salt and pepper noise attack of 0,002% and contrast addition of maximum amount one
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Thatikonda, Vamsi Krishna. "Beyond the Buzz: A Journey Through CI/CD Principles and Best Practices." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 5 (September 1, 2023): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(5).24.
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Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) are pivotal in modern software development. Shifting from the classic waterfall models, the current age is dominated by Agile methodologies and DevOps practices. This article explores CI and CD's core principles, differences, and similarities. It touches upon essential techniques such as automation, ensuring consistency, and the importance of quick feedback mechanisms. Beyond these, the discussion extends to cutting-edge methods, infrastructure as code, potential security considerations, and monitoring within CI/CD environments. While CI/CD offers numerous benefits, it's essential to acknowledge its challenges, which necessitate attention and action. With an ever-evolving landscape featuring trends like AI/ML integration into CI/CD, businesses find themselves at a juncture where embracing and finetuning CI/CD is vital for competent software delivery.
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Chen, Kexin, Bozhen Yu, Weijie Xue, Yuebing Sun, Changbo Zhang, Xusheng Gao, Xiaojia Zhou, Yun Deng, Jiarun Yang, and Boqian Zhang. "Citric Acid Inhibits Cd Absorption and Transportation by Improving the Antagonism of Essential Elements in Rice Organs." Toxics 12, no. 6 (June 14, 2024): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12060431.
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Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice is a global environmental problem. Therefore, reducing Cd content in rice is of great significance for ensuring food security and human health. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of foliar application of citric acid (CA) on Cd absorption and transportation in rice under high Cd-contaminated soils (2.04 mg·kg−1). This study revealed that there was a negative correlation between Cd content in vegetative organs and CA content, and that foliar spraying of CA (1 mM and 5 mM) significantly increased CA content and reduced Cd content in vegetative organs. The Cd reduction effect of 5 mM CA was better than that of 1 mM, and 5 mM CA reduced Cd content in grains and spikes by 52% and 37%, respectively. CA significantly increased Mn content in vegetative organs and increased Ca/Mn ratios in spikes, flag leaves, and roots. CA significantly reduced soluble Cd content in vegetative organs and promoted the transformation of Cd into insoluble Cd, thus inhibiting the transport of Cd from vegetative organs to grains. The foliar field application of 1 mM and 5 mM CA could inhibit Cd absorption and transportation by reducing Cd bioactivity and increasing the antagonistic of essential elements in rice vegetative organs. These results provide technical support and a theoretical basis for solving the problem of excessive Cd in rice.
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Tian, Hui, Zihan Zhu, Haixing Song, and Xiuwen Wu. "Iminodisuccinic Acid Relieved Cadmium Stress in Rapeseed Leaf by Affecting Cadmium Distribution and Cadmium Chelation with Pectin." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (June 13, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7747152.
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Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a nutritious vegetable, while cadmium (Cd) pollution threatens the growth, productivity, and food security of rapeseed. By studying the effects of iminodisuccinic acid (IDS), an easily biodegradable and environmental friendly chelating agent, on Cd distribution at the organ and cellular level, we found IDS promoted dry matter accumulation of rapeseed and increased the contents of photosynthetic pigment in leaves. Inhibited root-shoot Cd transport resulted in higher activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in leaves, which indicated that IDS contributed to alleviating Cd-caused oxidative damage in leaf cells. Additionally, IDS increased Cd subcellular distribution in cell wall (CW), especially in covalently bound pectin (CSP), and relieved Cd toxicity in organelle of leaves. IDS also enhanced demethylation of CSP. The Cd content in CSP, demethylation degree, and pectin methylesterase activity of CSP increased by 37.95%, 13.34%, and 13.16%, respectively, while IDS did not change the contents of different CW components. The improved Cd fixation in leaf CW was mainly attributed to enhance demethylation of covalently bound pectin (CSP) and Cd chelation with CSP.
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GEORGESCU, Bogdan, Daniel MIERLITA, Danut STRUTI, Hermina KISS, and Anca BOUARU. "Metabolic, Bioproductive and Reproductive Effects of Aquatic Exposure to Cadmium in Dish- A Review." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 74, no. 1 (May 18, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:12198.
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Cadmium (Cd) exposure in fish is the result of aquatic pollution with heavy metals, which is mainly caused byanthropic interventions. Rarely, Cd mobilization from natural resources takes place. Bioaccumulation in tissues and organs is a property of this heavy metal, to generate various pathological effects and major risks due to bio-propagation within the human food chain. Wehereby reviewed the main circumstances and levels of exposure to Cd in the aquatic environment, and effects on growth, development and reproduction induced by its bioaccumulation in fish, as well as the possible ramifications for food security in humans.
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Cai, Xingzhe, Meng Wang, Yucong Jiang, Changhu Wang, and David W. Ow. "Overexpression of OsABCG48 Lowers Cadmium in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (May 7, 2021): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050918.
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Cadmium pollution threatens food safety and security by causing health issues and reducing farmland availability. Engineering genetic changes in crop plants to lower Cd accumulation can be a cost-effective approach to address this problem. Previously, we reported that a rice line, 2B, which expresses a truncated version of OsO3L2 had reduced Cd accumulation throughout the plant, including in seed. However, downstream events caused by expression of this gene were not known. In this study, RNA-seq was used to identify differentially expressed genes between the wild type and 2B rice with or without Cd treatment, leading to the study of an ABC transporter gene, OsABCG48 (ATP-Binding Cassette transporter G family member 48). Heterologous expression of OsABCG48 conferred tolerance to Cd in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Arabidopsis and rice. Moreover, overexpressing OsABCG48 in rice lowered root Cd accumulation that was associated with more extensive lateral root development. These data suggest that OsABCG48 might have applications for engineering low-Cd rice.
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El-Soda, Mohamed, and Maha Aljabri. "Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Grain Metal Accumulation in Wheat." Genes 13, no. 6 (June 13, 2022): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13061052.
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Increasing wheat grain yield while ignoring grain quality and metal accumulation can result in metal deficiencies, particularly in countries where bread wheat accounts for the majority of daily dietary regimes. When the accumulation level exceeds a certain threshold, it becomes toxic and causes various diseases. Biofortification is an effective method of ensuring nutritional security. We screened 200 spring wheat advanced lines from the wheat association mapping initiative for Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd concentrations. Interestingly, high-yielding genotypes had high essential metals, such as Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn, but low levels of toxic metals, such as Ni and Cd. Positive correlations were found between all metals except Ni and Cd, where no correlation was found. We identified 142 significant SNPs, 26 of which had possible pleiotropic effects on two or more metals. Several QTLs co-located with previously mapped QTL for the same or other metals, whereas others were new. Our findings contribute to wheat genetic biofortification through marker-assisted selection, ensuring nutritional security in the long run.
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Su, Xianglan, Yixia Cai, Bogui Pan, Yongqi Li, Bingquan Liu, Kunzheng Cai, and Wei Wang. "Significant Synergy Effects of Biochar Combined with Topdressing Silicon on Cd Reduction and Yield Increase of Rice in Cd-Contaminated Paddy Soil." Agronomy 14, no. 3 (March 12, 2024): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14030568.
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Pot and field trials were conducted to explore the combined effect of biochar (BC) with topdressing silicon (Si) on Cd uptake by rice and grain yield in Cd-contaminated paddy soil. The treatments, including BC applied before transplanting (TBC), topdressing Si applied in the soil at the jointing stage (JSi) and BC combined with topdressing Si (TBC + JSi), were designed in a complete random block, and treatment without application of BC and Si was used as a control (CK). Results showed that Cd concentration in milled rice treated with TBC + JSi was decreased by 34.62%, 22.73% and 10.53%, respectively, when compared to CK, TBC and JSi, with the concentration being only 0.17 mg·kg−1. At rice maturity, available Cd in the soil was reduced by 7.98% (TBC), 4.76% (JSi) and 6.02% (TBC + JSi) when compared with CK, while the concentrations of total Cd were 32.07% (TBC), 27.85% (JSi) and 35.44% (TBC + JSi) higher than CK. Moreover, BC and Si increased the Cd sequestrated by leaves markedly, especially for TBC + JSi, which was much higher than TBC and JSi. Therefore, the transfer of Cd from leaf to milled rice was greatly decreased by TBC + JSi. In addition, a synergy effect of TBC + JSi on rice yield was also found. Compared with CK, the grain yields of TBC, JSi and TBC+ JSi were increased by 8.35%, 8.20% and 18.74%, respectively. Nutrient contents in soil and rice plants were also elevated by the application of BC and Si to a certain extent; for example, the contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and Si in soil treated with TBC + JSi were raised by 8.96–60.03% when compared with CK. Overall, the combined application of BC with topdressing Si not only increases soil nutrients significantly, promotes their uptake by rice and boosts grain yield, but also effectively inhibits Cd transfer and reduces its accumulation in rice, which ultimately guarantees milled rice security. These results also imply that the combined application of biochar with topdressing silicon might be considered as an effective agronomic measure to decrease the milled-rice Cd in Cd-contaminated paddy soil, which would guarantee food security.
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Hall, Steven. "National Bibliographies on CD-ROM." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 9, no. 2 (August 1997): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909700900205.
Full textAbstract:
CD-ROM technology has tremendous potential for storing and enabling access to just the type of data contained in national bibliographies. A single CD-ROM can hold the equivalent of c.250,000 A4 sheets of print. CD-ROMs are easily replicable, and therefore offer security as well as enabling the information contained to be made more widely available. Of the two methods used to convert print to binary data in electronic form, scanning and keying, databases published by Chadwyck-Healey use the latter. In the case of national bibliographies on CD-ROM, new records are created electronically at the very first stage of cataloguing, while older records are converted by keying. Chadwyck-Healey has developed an extensive CD-ROM list, focusing on both bibliographic and full-text literary works. The national bibliographies it produces on CD-ROM are those of the UK, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain. That of the Netherlands is shortly to appear. Bibliographic coverage is further extended by several other databases produced by Chadwyck-Healey. National bibliographies on CD-ROM produced by other bodies are those of Finland, Norway, Bulgaria, Singapore and the USA. Although other means of making this sort of material are now competing with CD-ROM, it looks like holding its own for some time.
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Ameta, Upasana, and Ruchi Vyas. "Application Deployment Automation by Streamlining CI/CD Pipelines." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 12, no. 1 (May 24, 2023): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2023.12.1.3598.
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Conceptualize a scenario where the development, actions, quality affirmation, and information surveillance teams collaborate with the product owners to guarantee that the organisation achieves its goals for profitability, security, and cost-cutting. Together, they achieve world-class stability, reliability, availability, and security while conducting multiple number of code deployments each day. This enables the quick progress of planned work into creation. The testing of apps and InfoSec operations only take place at the conclusion of a project when it is too late to make any corrections. Development and IT Operations are adversaries in our environment. If any problems are found, and nearly every important task requires excessive amounts of backbreaking labour and handoffs, keeping us waiting all the while. The work quality, particularly the deployment of product, is challenging and disordered as a result, which has an adverse effect on customers and the business. This not only adds to the extraordinarily long lead times for getting anything done. As a result, there is lack of goals, and the whole company is dissatisfied with developers’ performance, which leads to decrement in budget and frustrated workers feel incapable to modify the scenario and its results. The major objective is to build a platform for developers that can compile, test and run the application with the least specifications and configurations and also conceptualize the piece of deployment with a more relaxed architecture and a small learning period so that developers can take full advantage of multiple platforms available as a cloud service without any inconvenience.
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Wang, Lukang, Min Zhang, Xu Gao, and Wenzhong Shi. "Advances and Challenges in Deep Learning-Based Change Detection for Remote Sensing Images: A Review through Various Learning Paradigms." Remote Sensing 16, no. 5 (February 25, 2024): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16050804.
Full textAbstract:
Change detection (CD) in remote sensing (RS) imagery is a pivotal method for detecting changes in the Earth’s surface, finding wide applications in urban planning, disaster management, and national security. Recently, deep learning (DL) has experienced explosive growth and, with its superior capabilities in feature learning and pattern recognition, it has introduced innovative approaches to CD. This review explores the latest techniques, applications, and challenges in DL-based CD, examining them through the lens of various learning paradigms, including fully supervised, semi-supervised, weakly supervised, and unsupervised. Initially, the review introduces the basic network architectures for CD methods using DL. Then, it provides a comprehensive analysis of CD methods under different learning paradigms, summarizing commonly used frameworks. Additionally, an overview of publicly available datasets for CD is offered. Finally, the review addresses the opportunities and challenges in the field, including: (a) incomplete supervised CD, encompassing semi-supervised and weakly supervised methods, which is still in its infancy and requires further in-depth investigation; (b) the potential of self-supervised learning, offering significant opportunities for Few-shot and One-shot Learning of CD; (c) the development of Foundation Models, with their multi-task adaptability, providing new perspectives and tools for CD; and (d) the expansion of data sources, presenting both opportunities and challenges for multimodal CD. These areas suggest promising directions for future research in CD. In conclusion, this review aims to assist researchers in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the CD field.
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Guo, Kaiyang, Yiliang Han, Riming Wu, and Kai Liu. "CD-ABSE: Attribute-Based Searchable Encryption Scheme Supporting Cross-Domain Sharing on Blockchain." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (October 6, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6719302.
Full textAbstract:
The network security situation is grim, and the problem of “information isolated island” is becoming increasingly prominent. In view of the low efficiency and insufficient security of data cross-domain sharing in the open network environment, a searchable data sharing scheme supporting cross-domain is proposed based on attribute encryption technology. Firstly, different types of nodes on the blockchain are used to realize the data sharing of users in different domains. Secondly, the flexible ciphertext-search function is realized through the search form of keyword strategy. Moreover, the scheme adopts the mode of storage under the chain, which reduces the operation pressure of the blockchain. At the same time, according to the characteristics of the blockchain, the traceability and tamper-proof of the access process can be realized. Finally, the analysis shows that the scheme can resist quantum attack and collusive attack while avoiding complex bilinear operation and meet the security of trapdoor search and indistinguishability under chosen-plaintext attack. Compared with other searchable attribute-based encryption schemes, the scheme has certain advantages in function and performance.
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Jia, Bin, Zhiyou Cheng, Chuanjian Wang, Jinling Zhao, and Ning An. "CA-BIT: A Change Detection Method of Land Use in Natural Reserves." Agronomy 13, no. 3 (February 23, 2023): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030635.
Full textAbstract:
Natural reserves play a leading role in safeguarding national ecological security. Remote sensing change detection (CD) technology can identify the dynamic changes of land use and warn of ecological risks in natural reserves in a timely manner, which can provide technical support for the management of natural reserves. We propose a CD method (CA-BIT) based on the improved bitemporal image transformer (BIT) model to realize the change detection of remote sensing data of Anhui Natural Reserves in 2018 and 2021. Resnet34-CA is constructed through the combination of Resnet34 and a coordinate attention mechanism to effectively extract high-level semantic features. The BIT module is also used to efficiently enhance the original semantic features. Compared with the overall accuracy of the existing deep learning-based CD methods, that of CA-BIT is 98.34% on the natural protected area CD datasets and 99.05% on LEVIR_CD. Our method can effectively satisfy the need of CD of different land categories such as construction land, farmland, and forest land.
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Miao, Xiongyi, Mian Song, Gaohai Xu, Yupei Hao, and Hucai Zhang. "The Accumulation and Transformation of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Liujiang River Basin in Southern China and Their Threatening on Water Security." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 1619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031619.
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Heavy metal (HM) pollution in sediments is tightly related to the security of water quality in rivers, but the accumulation and conversion of HMs are poorly researched, so that a field study was conducted as an example in the Liujiang River Basin. Seven HMs were analyzed to determine between the overlying water and sediments. Moreover, the regulation of HMs speciation and environmental factors in their accumulation and conversion were identified. The obtained results suggested the HM concentrations in water are far below the primary standard of water quality, but in sediments, the contents of Cd and Zn are significantly higher than their corresponding baseline of soil. Only Cd and Pb are dominantly in non-residual form (carbonate-bound fraction and reducible fraction, respectively). The non-significant correlations suggested pH and Eh may be hard to influence HMs in water, while the significant correlations highlighted the regulations of Eh, organic matter and mean grain size on the accumulation of metals in sediments. The opposite correlations between EC, TDS, pH and Cd confirmed the emission of acid wastewater contributed to the accumulation of Cd in sediment. The conversion of metals between water and sediments were found to be significant only in specific forms of Cd, As, Cu, Zn and Pb, suggesting the conversion of HMs in sediments should be largely regulated by their specific forms. The very high risk disclosed by the higher values of Eri and RI are only found upstream, while the higher risk of Cd should be treated as a critical environmental threat.
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Huang, Huagang, Runze Lu, Juan Zhan, Jinsong He, Yong Wang, and Tingxuan Li. "Role of Root Exudates in Cadmium Accumulation of a Low-Cadmium-Accumulating Tobacco Line (Nicotiana tabacum L.)." Toxics 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020141.
Full textAbstract:
Root exudates are tightly linked with cadmium (Cd) uptake by the root and thus affect plant Cd accumulation. A hydroponic experiment was carried out to explore the role of root exudates in Cd accumulation of a low-Cd-accumulating tobacco line (RG11) compared with a high-Cd- accumulating tobacco line (Yuyan5). Greater secretion of organic acids and amino acids by the roots was induced by an exogenous Cd addition in the two tobacco lines. The concentration of organic acid secreted by RG11 was only 51.1~61.0% of that secreted by Yuyan5. RG11 roots secreted more oxalic acid and acetic acid and less tartaric acid, formic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, and succinic acid than Yuyan5 under Cd stress. Oxalic acid accounted for 26.8~28.8% of the total organic acids, being the most common component among the detected organic acids, and was significantly negatively correlated with Cd accumulation in RG11. Propionic acid was only detected in the root exudates of RG11 under Cd stress. Lactic acid was positively linked with Cd accumulation in Yuyan5, being less accumulated in RG11. Similarly, RG11 secreted more amino acids than Yuyan5 under Cd stress. Aspartic acid, serine, and cysteine appeared in RG11 when it was exposed to Cd. Lysine was the most secreted amino acid in RG11 under Cd stress. RG11 roots secreted less lysine, histidine, and valine, but more phenylalanine and methionine than Yuyan5 under Cd stress. The results show that organic acids and amino acids in root exudates play a key role in Cd uptake by the root, and this contribution varied with cultivar/genotype. However, further research is still needed to explore the mechanisms underlying low Cd translocation to the leaf, which may be the key contribution of low Cd accumulation in RG11 to the security of tobacco leaf.
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Muñoz, Antonio, Aristeidis Farao, Jordy Ryan Casas Correia, and Christos Xenakis. "P2ISE: Preserving Project Integrity in CI/CD Based on Secure Elements." Information 12, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12090357.
Full textAbstract:
During the past decade, software development has evolved from a rigid, linear process to a highly automated and flexible one, thanks to the emergence of continuous integration and delivery environments. Nowadays, more and more development teams rely on such environments to build their complex projects, as the advantages they offer are numerous. On the security side however, most environments seem to focus on the authentication part, neglecting other critical aspects such as the integrity of the source code and the compiled binaries. To ensure the soundness of a software project, its source code must be secured from malicious modifications. Yet, no method can accurately verify that the integrity of the project’s source code has not been breached. This paper presents P2ISE, a novel integrity preserving tool that provides strong security assertions for developers against attackers. At the heart of P2ISE lies the TPM trusted computing technology which is leveraged to ensure integrity preservation. We have implemented the P2ISE and quantitatively assessed its performance and efficiency.
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Yin, Xiaoyao, Qian Wu, Wanying Song, Qing Yang, Yongning Wu, Min Fang, and Zhiyong Gong. "Study on toxicological effect and the mechanism of cadmium in rice and inorganic cadmium on ICR mice." Toxicology Research 10, no. 3 (May 2021): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfab043.
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Abstract Cadmium (Cd) exposure may induce chronic intoxication, but the harm of cadmium in rice to human at chronic low-level Cd exposure remains unclear. This study employed a mouse model to investigate the toxicity and mechanism of cadmium in rice and CdCl2. After 8-week exposure to Cd (CdCl2 and Cd-contaminated rice), the biochemical indicators and oxidation indicators in the serum and liver of mice were determined, and used mRNA sequencing to investigate the mechanism of different forms of Cd. Results showed that the cadmium concentration of the liver in the CdCl2 + Rice-N group (CdCl2 mixed with feed and normal rice, 0.4mg/kg.bw) was higher than that in the Rice-H group (0.4mg/kg.bw). However, the cadmium concentration of the kidneys in the Rice-H group was higher than that in the CdCl2 + Rice-N group. Our study demonstrated that Cd-treated (Cd in rice and CdCl2) ICR mice generated obviously tissues injury, such as the increased biochemical studies, the activity of antioxidant enzymes debasement. Simultaneously, our data also indicated that there existed difference of the hepatic toxicity between Cd in rice and CdCl2. By means of transcriptomics, we discovered that CdCl2 and Cd in rice may affect different gene expression at the molecular level. We hope to provide some theoretical basis for the revision of food security standards.
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Martínez-Rubio, David, Guillermo Grindlay, Mauricio Llaver, Rodolfo G. Wuilloud, and Juan Mora. "Development of preconcentration strategies for the simultaneous ultratrace determination of As, Cd and Pb in foods by ICP-OES: knotted-reactor vs. dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 35, no. 5 (2020): 933–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ja00427k.
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Determination of As, Cd and Pb in food samples by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry is challenging due to detection limits being close to the maximum levels established by current international food security policies.
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Lei, Ming, Zhuoqing Li, Beibei Zhang, Xinqi Wang, Boqing Tie, Tehreem Ayaz, and Xia Lu. "Mechanisms of Stress Alleviation after Lime and Biochar Applications for Brassica napus L. in Cadmium-Contaminated Soil." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (May 20, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4195119.
Full textAbstract:
Lime and biochar amendments are widely used to immobilize cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils and to ensure food security. However, the effects of these two soil amendments on the mechanisms of Cd stress alleviation in crops are unclear. Therefore, the effects of lime and biochar applications on Cd uptake, transport, subcellular distribution, antioxidant system, N metabolism, and related factors were examined in a soil-Brassica napus L. (B. napus) system. We found that lime application significantly increased the root Cd content by 41.5% but decreased Cd TF and shoot Cd by 81.0% and 74.3%, respectively, whereas biochar amendment decreased root and shoot Cd contents by 67.6% and 34.3%, respectively, but increased Cd TF by 104.1%. Lime treatment immobilized Cd in the cell wall of the root to reduce Cd transport, but biochar treatment increased the soluble fraction of Cd in root cells to improve the migration capacity of Cd. The significant negative relationship between the soil exchangeable Cd and Ca and the positive relationships between Cd and Ca both in shoot and root indicated that the Ca mediated Cd transport from soil to B. napus after lime and biochar applications. Additionally, lime amendment increased Cd proportion in the root cell walls to immobilize Cd, but biochar amendment increased Cd proportion in the soluble fraction to enhance Cd migration. Furthermore, biochar application significantly increased SOD, CAT, and POD by 17.5%, 95.4%, and 26.6%, whereas lime amendment only significantly enhanced CAT by 51.0%. Besides, both of biochar and lime applications increased shoot N content and GDH activity, but only the shoot NO3- content and nitrate reductase under biochar treatment were significantly altered. Overall, these findings suggested that lime is more efficient in reducing the transport of Cd from underground to aboveground and in improving Cd tolerance, whereas biochar tends to improve the antioxidant capacity and facilitate N metabolism. These results will provide significant strategies for selecting appropriate amendments to ensure the crops safety.
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Zhu, Xiao Long, Guo Juan Gan, Hang Zhou, Yan Liu, Xiao Deng, Hong Bo Hou, and Pei Qin Peng. "Transfer Characteristics of Cd in Paddy Soil-Rice System under Field Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.367.
Full textAbstract:
It is important to control Cadmium (Cd) content in rice and ensure the grain security. The transfer characteristics of Cd in paddy soil-rice system between different soil types (red soil and purple soil) under field condition were researched to provide a theoretical basis for Cd environmental management in paddy. In this study, many rice plant samples and corresponding paddy soil samples were collected from fields around the industrial and mining area in central Hunan province in 2011 and 2012. The Cd concentration of samples was analyzed, and the degree of Cd contamination was evaluated. Moreover, the differences of enrichment factor and influencing factors in paddy soil-rice system between red soil and purple soil were discussed. The results revealed that paddy soils and brown rice in the survey area were serious contaminated by Cd. The Cd content and enrichment factor were arranged in the order of root> straw >chaff >brown rice. The Cd content and enrichment factor were in the order of red soil >purple soil. In addition, multivariate linear regression was analyzed and predictions models of Cd concentration of brown rice are based on different types of soil were worked out. It showed that total Cd of soil, organic matter and clay were the main factors that affecting the content of Cd in brown rice. In conclusion, the contamination characteristics, transfer disciplinarian and influencing factors of Cd in the soil-rice system are different between red soil and purple soil. So it needs to pay more attention to the characteristics of different soil parent material when making environmental management related to Cd contamination in soil-rice system.
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Shanmukhi, Bhaskara Sahithi. "Implementing and Using CI/CD: Addressing Key Challenges Faced by Software Developers." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 008 (August 22, 2024): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37128.
Full textAbstract:
Software development teams that want to increase the calibre, dependability, and velocity of their software releases must implement continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) techniques. Developers must now overcome several obstacles as a result of this shift, including the necessity to automate testing and deployment procedures, uphold strict version control, and promote cooperation between the development, testing, and operations teams. This article looks at the main obstacles that developers face when implementing and using CI/CD, and it does so by analysing case studies and current industry research to shed light on real-world obstacles and possible solutions. Keywords Continuous Integration (CI), Continuous Delivery (CD), Automation, Version Control, Security Challenges, Test Automation, Scalability, Integration Complexity, Tool Compatibility, System Design, Resource Management, Skill Gaps, Workflow Vulnerabilities.
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Ma, Yanfeng, Qingsheng Hao, and Ailin Zhong. "Chemical Characteristics of Coil Heavy Metal Elements and Ecological Security Risks Caused by Fertilization." Journal of Chemistry 2022 (August 17, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4211602.
Full textAbstract:
In order to investigate the effects of fertilization on soil chemical characteristics and ecological security, the chemical characteristics and ecological security risk analysis of heavy metal elements in a certain soil caused by fertilization were proposed. The contents of Ni, V, Cr, As, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Hg in 1,065 surface soil samples collected in a district of a city in the southwest agricultural area were tested and analyzed. Multivariate statistical analysis and spatial analysis were used to clarify the geochemical distribution characteristics of these heavy metals, and the possible main sources were also discussed. The results showed that the eight heavy metals could be divided into three categories. The first category included Ni, V, Cr, and As, whose content was lower than the background value in Beijing. And the distribution was mainly affected by natural factors such as parent materials of soil formation. The second category included Cd, Pb, and Zn, whose average content was higher than the background value. And the content was the highest in residential areas. In addition to the parent material inherited from the soil, the distribution characteristics of these elements were greatly affected by human activities. And Cd was significantly more affected by human activities than Pb and Zn. The third category included Hg, and it was inferred that atmospheric deposition was the main factor affecting the distribution of Hg. It was concluded that the Hakanson method was used to evaluate the ecological risk of heavy metals in soil, and the results showed that the potential ecological risk index was low in the area.
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Dong, Qiuyao, Chao Song, Dongxue Yang, Yuqing Zhao, and Mingjiang Yan. "Spatial Distribution, Contamination Assessment and Origin of Soil Heavy Metals in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 15, 2023): 3443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043443.
Full textAbstract:
Soil heavy metal contamination is crucial due to menacing food safety and mortal health. At present, with the fast advancement of urbanization and industrialization, heavy metals are increasingly released into the soil by anthropogenic activities, and the soil ecosystem contamination around the Danjiangkou Reservoir is directly associated with water quality security of the reservoir. In this paper, using 639 soil samples from the Danjiangkou Reservoir, Henan Province, China, we studied a variety of space distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil. Geographic information system analysis (GIS), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), principal component analysis (PCA) model, and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model were used together to recognize and quantify the distribution, contamination, and origin of heavy metals. We uncovered an exceptional variety of heavy metal concentrations among the tested soils: the mean arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) concentrations (14.54, 0.21, 18.69, 81.69, 898.42, 39.37, 79.50, 28.11, 0.04 mg/kg, respectively, in the topsoil (0–20 cm depth)), all exceed their background values. The mean Igeo value and CF values of these trace elements are both in descending order: Cd > Co > Mn > Ni > Pb > Zn > Cr > As > Hg. Cd was the highest contributor to the assessment of heavy metal pollution, with an average Igeo value over three, indicating that the study area is modestly contaminated by Cd. The PCA analysis and PMF model revealed three potential sources, including natural sources (PC1) for Cr, Co, Mn and Ni; agricultural sources (PC2) for Cd, Zn and Hg; and industrial emissions and transportation sources (PC3) for Pb. This study displays a map of heavy metal contamination in the eastern area topsoil of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, showing the most severe pollutant is Cd, which poses a threat to the water quality security of Danjiangkou Reservoir and provides a significant source identification for future contamination control.
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Raj, Pritish. "Continuous Integration for New Service Deployment and Service Validation Script for Vault." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 06 (June 12, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem35565.
Full textAbstract:
Modern cloud-native applications demand robust security measures to safeguard sensitive data such as passwords, API keys, and encryption keys. Managing these secrets securely within Kubernetes clusters presents a significant challenge. In response, this project proposes a comprehensive solution leverag- ing HashiCorp Vault, Kubernetes, and Docker to enhance secret management and strengthen overall security posture.HashiCorp Vault serves as a centralized secrets management tool, provid- ing encryption, access control, and auditing functionalities. By integrating Vault with Kubernetes, secrets can be dynamically generated, securely stored, and automatically injected into ap- plication pods at runtime. This approach reduces the exposure of sensitive information within containerized environments and mitigates the risk of unauthorized access. The project architecture involves deploying Vault within the Kubernetes cluster, utilizing Docker containers for seamless encapsulation and portability. Kubernetes’ native integrations with Vault, such as the Kubernetes Auth method and the Vault Agent Injector, streamline the authentication and authorization processes, ensuring secure communication between applications and Vault. The project involves deploying Vault in Kubernetes for secrets management, ensuring High Availability. It focuses on generating, storing, and managing secrets securely, leveraging Vault’s dynamic secrets engine for automatic rotation. Integration with Kubernetes employs authentication methods like Service Accounts and RBAC for granular access control. Dockerization ensures application consistency and portability, with Vault Agent containers enabling seamless secret injection. Security best practices, including least privilege access and encryption, are prioritized, along with regular auditing and monitoring. Overall, the project aims to establish a robust secrets management solution within Kubernetes while empha- sizing resilience, security, and compliance in handling sensitive information. Index Terms—Docker, DevOps, CI/CD, Automation, Secrets, Kubernetes, Vault, Security
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Li, Long, Lijun Ma, Lebin Tang, Fengyan Huang, Naichuan Xiao, Long Zhang, and Bo Song. "Key Factors Controlling Cadmium and Lead Contents in Rice Grains of Plants Grown in Soil with Different Cadmium Levels from an Area with Typical Karst Geology." Agronomy 14, no. 9 (September 11, 2024): 2076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14092076.
Full textAbstract:
Cadmium (Cd) is a naturally occurring element often associated with lead (Pb) in the Earth’s crust, particularly in karst regions, posing significant safety hazards for locally grown rice. Identifying the key factors controlling Cd and Pb content in local rice is essential under the natural soil condition, as this will provide a crucial theoretical foundation for implementing security intervention measures within the local rice-growing industry. This study collected three types of paddy field soils with varying Cd concentrations from karst areas for pot experiments. The rice varieties tested included a low-Cd-accumulating variety, a high-Cd-accumulating variety, and a locally cultivated variety. Soil physicochemical properties and plant physiological indices were monitored throughout the rice growth stages. These data were used to construct a segmented regression model of Cd and Pb levels in rice grains based on the plant’s metabolic pathways and the structure of polynomial regression equations. Stepwise regression identified the key factors controlling Cd and Pb accumulation in rice grains. In conclusion, the key factors controlling Cd and Pb levels in rice grains should be classified into two categories: (i) factors influencing accumulation in roots and (ii) factors regulating transport from roots to grains. The aboveground translocation abilities for Cd, Pb, zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in soil among the three rice varieties showed no significant interspecific differences under identical soil conditions. Soil Mg uptake by rice roots may represent a key mechanism for inhibiting soil Cd uptake by rice roots. In karst areas with high background soil Cd, increased soil organic matter (SOM) levels enhance Pb bioavailability. Additionally, the rice YXY may possess a potential for low Cd accumulation.
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Phani Monogya Katikireddi, Prudhvi Singirikonda, and Yeshwanth Vasa. "REVOLUTIONIZING DEVOPS WITH QUANTUM COMPUTING: ACCELERATING CI/CD PIPELINES THROUGH ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES." Innovative Research Thoughts 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36676/irt.v7.i2.1482.
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Inframe to the CI/CD processes in DevOps Quantum computing is one of the most influential innovations since it can gain unique computational power and optimization benefits. This paper is a quantitative study exploring the extent of change that quantum computing brings to CI/CD pipelines using simulation analysis and real-time use case testing. The research shows improvements in computational speed, deployment speed, and resource utilization to support more reliable DevOps. Furthermore, real-life use cases that employ quantum computing to improve CI/CD processes regarding security and speed are also explained. However, as with any new technology, it is not without drawbacks, and this paper also explores the technological, integration, and skill-related concerns that limit quantum computing in today's DevOps landscape and offer tangible solutions.
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Zhang, Liang, and Bingbing Gao. "Effect of Isosteviol on Wheat Seed Germination and Seedling Growth under Cadmium Stress." Plants 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091779.
Full textAbstract:
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of agricultural soil has become a serious threat to global food security. The present study highlights the effect of added isosteviol in modulating growth physiology and antioxidant defense systems conferring tolerance against cadmium (Cd) stress in wheat. Wheat growth, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content of leaves, dehydrogenase activity of root, and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined to get an overview of cellular response in conquering Cd-induced oxidative stress damages. The results indicated that wheat germination was inhibited under Cd2+ concentration at 10 µM. The presence of isosteviol and gibberellic acid (GA) significantly alleviated the inhibitory effect on the growth of wheat seedling under 10 µM Cd2+ stress. Moreover, different concentrations of isosteviol and GA regulated the physiological changes of wheat under Cd stress: more chlorophyll a + b content; less MDA content; and higher dehydrogenase activity of root and antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as compared to Cd alone in wheat seedling. The present study thus suggests a possible role of isosteviol in amelioration of Cd stress by increasing chlorophyll content and root dehydrogenase activity, which also could reduce oxidative damage of the cell membrane by regulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes in wheat seedling.
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Zhang, Yu, Wenhui Xiong, Shan Yang, Hui Ai, Zhiwen Zou, and Bin Xia. "Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Cadmium on Development, Reproduction and Antioxidant Enzymes of Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Acari: Acaridae)." Insects 13, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13100895.
Full textAbstract:
Grain contaminated by cadmium (Cd) has become a serious food security problem, and it is necessary to determine and evaluate the toxic effect and defense mechanism of long-term heavy metal pollution in grain. In order to evaluate the effects of long-term heavy metal Cd stress on the stored grain pests, Aleuroglyphus ovatus were fed with an artificial diet supplemented with different concentrations of Cd (0, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg). The development, fecundity and detoxification enzymes of A. ovatus were analyzed and observed. In this study, the immature duration of A. ovatus was significantly prolonged under long-term Cd stress. Moreover, the survival duration of female adults was significantly shortened. The total number of eggs laid and the daily number laid per female adult decreased significantly. There were significant differences in protein content at protonymph and tritonymph stages when the concentration of Cd exceeded 10 mg/kg. The protein content of female adults was higher than that of male adults. The activity of detoxification enzymes showed differences in different conditions, such as development stage, Cd concentration and gender. These findings confirmed that A. ovatus were sensitive to Cd, and their offspring were severely affected under long-term Cd stress. Therefore, A. ovatus is a good model for evaluating the toxicity of long-term heavy metal Cd stress. The study provides the basis and enriches the research content of heavy metal pollution on mites, contributing to the harmonious and healthy development between the environment and human beings.
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Zhao, Yufeng, Yuhui Wang, Guojin Sun, and Lu Feng. "The Effects of Coexisting Elements (Zn and Ni) on Cd Accumulation and Rhizosphere Bacterial Community in the Soil-Tomato System." Processes 11, no. 5 (May 16, 2023): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11051523.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing cadmium (Cd) levels in agricultural soils have become a worldwide concern for food crop security. Cd accumulation in the soil-plant system is closely related to other coexisting factors. In this study, the effects of different levels of Zn or Ni on Cd accumulation in tomato plants and on the rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure were analyzed by coupling pot experiments with high-throughput sequencing. The results demonstrated that tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) in Zn-Cd and Ni-Cd co-contaminated soils exhibited lower relative growth rates. Co-contamination at low levels tended to reduce the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the roots of plants, whereas increased contaminant concentrations produced the opposite effect. In the presence of 200 mg/kg Zn or 20 mg/kg Ni, the biomass of plant roots increased by 4.95–23.16% and the Cd content of the plant roots decreased by 17.36–68.93% due to the antagonistic effects between Cd and Zn/Ni. In addition, the richness and diversity of the bacterial community were significantly altered under HMs co-contamination, and the number of special bacteria was positively correlated with the level of heavy metals in the rhizosphere soil. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased and that of Actinobacteria decreased in soils with low levels of heavy metals. This may improve the tolerance of plant roots to heavy metals and reduce the accumulation of Cd in plant roots. These findings highlight the important role of coexisting elements in the inhibition of Cd accumulation in tomatoes and offer important information for the production of safe crops.
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Alghamdi, Sameera A., Hesham F. Alharby, Ghulam Abbas, Habeeb M. Al-Solami, Afshan Younas, Majed Aldehri, Nadiyah M. Alabdallah, and Yinglong Chen. "Salicylic Acid- and Potassium-Enhanced Resilience of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) against Salinity and Cadmium Stress through Mitigating Ionic and Oxidative Stress." Plants 12, no. 19 (September 30, 2023): 3450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12193450.
Full textAbstract:
Salinity and cadmium (Cd) contamination of soil are serious environmental issues threatening food security. This study investigated the role of salicylic acid (SA) and potassium (K) in enhancing the resilience of quinoa against the combined stress of salinity and Cd. Quinoa plants were grown under NaCl (0, 200 mM) and Cd (0, 100 µM) stress, with the addition of 0.1 mM SA and 10 mM K, separately or in combination. The joint stress of Cd and NaCl caused >50% decrease in plant growth, chlorophyll contents, and stomatal conductance compared to the control plants. The higher accumulation of Na and Cd reduced the uptake of K in quinoa tissues. The joint stress of salinity and Cd caused an 11-fold increase in hydrogen peroxide and 13-fold increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances contents, and caused a 61% decrease in membrane stability. An external supply of 0.1 mM SA and 10 mM K helped plants to better adapt to salinity and Cd stress with less of a reduction in plant biomass (shoot 19% and root 24%) and less accumulation of Na and Cd in plant tissues. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were enhanced by 11-fold, 10-fold, 7.7-fold, and 7-fold, respectively, when SA and K were applied together to the plants subjected to the joint stress of Cd and salinity. Based on the values of the bioconcentration factor (>1), the translocation factor (<1), and the higher tolerance index, it was clear that Cd-contaminated, salty soils could be stabilized with quinoa under the combined supply of SA and K.