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1
Bespalova, T. Yu. "Distribution and genotypic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from humans and ruminants with common clinical and pathological phenotypes (neurolisterioses and abortions) (review)." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 23, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.2.145-158.
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Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is an intracellular food pathogen that causes listeriosis in mammals in the form of sporadic cases or large outbreaks with a high mortality rate among humans and domestic ruminants. The determination of the sequence type (ST) and the clonal complex (CC) by multilocus sequencing (MLST) and other methods in L. monocytogenes strains from different sources allowed us to establish the existence of strains with organ tropism and causing forms of listeriosis common to humans and ruminants. The purpose of the review was to generalize the available data on the distribution and genotypic diversity of L. monocytogenes strains isolated during neurolisteriosis and abortions, their adaptation in the environment to determine a possible link between listeriosis of ruminants and humans. In general, the analysis of the differential distribution of STs/CCs of L. monocytogenes associated with humans and ruminants showed their significant variation, as well as the predominance of CCs (CC1, CC2, CC4, CC6, CC7, CC8, CC14, CC29, CC37, etc.) common to the studied host groups. Neurolisterioses in humans are mainly associated with hypervirulent CC1, CC6, CC4, CC2, in ruminants - CC1 and CC4, as well as CC8-16 and CC412. A special association of ST1 (CC1) with human and bovine neurolisteriosis has been determined, indicating increased neurotropism of ST1. In small ruminants (goats, sheep), neurolisterioses are associated with various STs from phylogenetic lineages I and II. Most of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from abortions belonged to CC1, CC2, CC4, CC6, CC7, CC14 in humans and CC1, CC6, CC4-217, CC37 in ruminants. The detection of common isolates CC1, CC4-CC217, CC6, CC18, CC37 in ruminants and in their natural environment indicates that the farm environment is a reservoir for L. monocytogenes strains. In the Russian Federation, the prevalence of SТ7 isolates among all types of sources obtained on the territory of the country was noted. Future research should be aimed at studying the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes strains with an increased tendency to cause diseases in humans and ruminants for better understanding the mechanisms of infection and strengthening the control over the spread of the pathogen in various ecological niches.
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Nakanishi, Noriko, Ryohei Nomoto, Shinobu Tanaka, Kentaro Arikawa, and Tomotada Iwamoto. "Analysis of Genetic Characterization and Clonality of Legionella pneumophila Isolated from Cooling Towers in Japan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (May 13, 2019): 1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091664.
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We investigated the genetic characteristics of 161 Legionella pneumophila strains isolated over a period of 10 years from cooling towers in Japan. Minimum spanning tree analysis based on the sequence-based typing (SBT) of them identified three clonal complexes (CCs); CC1 (105/161, 65.2%), CC2 (22 /161, 13.7%), and CC3 (20/161, 12.4%). CC1 was formed by serogroup (SG) 1 and SG7, whereas CC2 was mainly formed by SG1. All of the CC3 isolates except two strains were SG13. The major sequence types (STs) in CC1 and CC2 were ST1 (88/105, 83.8%) and ST154 (15/22, 68.2%), respectively. These STs are known as typical types of L. pneumophila SG1 in Japanese cooling tower. Additionally, we identified 15 strains of ST2603 as the major type in CC3. This ST has not been reported in Japanese cooling tower. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of the representative strains in the three CCs, which were isolated from various cooling towers over the 10 years, elucidated high clonal population of L. pneumophila in Japanese cooling tower. Moreover, it revealed that the strains of CC2 are phylogenetically distant compared to those of CC1 and CC3, and belonged to L. pneumophila subsp. fraseri.
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Beza, Abebe Dress, Mohammad Maghrour Zefreh, Adam Torok, and Anteneh Afework Mekonnen. "How PTV Vissim Has Been Calibrated for the Simulation of Automated Vehicles in Literature?" Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (October 26, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2548175.
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Recently, in the literature, microscopic simulation is one of the most attractive methods in impact assessment of automated vehicles (AVs) on traffic flow. AVs can be divided into different categories, each having different driving characteristics. Hence, calibrating microscopic simulators for different AV categories could be challenging in AVs’ impact assessment. The PTV Vissim microscopic traffic simulation software has been calibrated for simulating diverse types of AVs in a large body of literature. There are two main streams of studies in literature adapting AVs' driving behaviors in Vissim following either internal (i.e., adjusting the parameters of the Vissim's default driving behavior models) or external (i.e., adapting AVs' behavior through external VISSIM interfaces) modeling approaches. The current paper investigates how the PTV Vissim has been internally calibrated for the simulation of different types of AVs and compares the calibrated values in the literature with default values introduced in the recent version of PTV Vissim. In the present paper, the reviewed studies are partitioned into two main categories according to the characteristics of the studied AVs, the studies focused on autonomous automated vehicles (AAVs) and the ones focused on cooperative automated vehicles (CAVs). Our findings indicate that the literature expects a lower value for parameters including standstill distance (CC0), headway time (CC1), following variation (CC2), the threshold for entering “following” (CC3), negative/positive following thresholds (CC4/CC5), speed dependency of oscillation (CC6), oscillation acceleration (CC7), safety distance reduction factor (SDRF), and minimum headway front/rear (MinHW) for AVs than conventional vehicles (CVs). Besides, the literature expects higher values for parameters including standstill acceleration (CC8), acceleration at 80 km/h (CC9), looking distances, and maximum deceleration for cooperative braking (MaxDCB) for AVs. When cautious AVs are introduced, deterring effects are expected in the literature (e.g., higher CC0). Moreover, CAVs can have higher looking distance values compared with AAVs.
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Bereder, J., O. Glehen, J. Habre, M. Desantis, E. Cotte, N. Mounier, I. Ray-Cocquard, et al. "Cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer: A multiinstitutional study of 246 patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 5542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5542.
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5542 Background: Optimal treatment of chemoresistant and recurrent ovarian cancer is debating with second line chemotherapies. For peritoneal carcinomatosis new treatment combining cytoreductive surgery with heated intraperitoneal per operative chemotherapy (HIPEC) may improve survival. Methods: Retrospective bicentric study of 246 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer were performed to evaluate HIPEC and to identify prognostic factors. Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) assess tumor load and completeness cytoreductive score (CCS) was used to give quality of resection CC0 (no visible tumor), CC1 (persistent diffuse lesions < 2.5mm), CC2 (2.5mm < CC2 < 25mm) and over CC3 status. HIPEC is performed with platinum based regimen at 42°C. Endpoint was survival. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was fitted to the data. Cox's regression model was used for multivariate survival analysis. Results: The study included 268 procedures in 246 patients from 1991 to 2008. 206 procedures were performed in 184 patients with recurrence (Group 1) and 62 in chemoresistant patients (Group 2). After completion of resection the allocation of CCS was CC0 = 164, CC1 = 83, CC2 = 15, and CC3 = 5. Only 1 patient died in post operative course and procedure related morbidity rate was 12%. 5 years overall and free survival were respectively 35 % and 10%. Median overall survival was 49 months and the median disease free survival was 13 months. There was no difference between group 1 and 2 for survival. Independent prognostic factors for survival were the carcinomatosis extent, the completeness of cytoreductive surgery (HR = 2.26 IC95 [1.3–3.91]), performance status (HR = 4.3 IC95 [1.23–14.4]) and redo procedure (HR = 0.9 IC95 [0.001–0.9]). Conclusions: Hipec is a standardized and reproducible feasible method. Less extensive disease and the quality of cytoreduction remain an independent factor of better outcome. Morbidity is acceptable. To date in selected patients, HIPEC allows to reach the longest median time survival in recurrent peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Lee, Sangmi, Yi Chen, Lisa Gorski, Todd J. Ward, Jason Osborne, and Sophia Kathariou. "Listeria monocytogenesSource Distribution Analysis Indicates Regional Heterogeneity and Ecological Niche Preference among Serotype 4b Clones." mBio 9, no. 2 (April 17, 2018): e00396-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00396-18.
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ABSTRACTBiodiversity analysis of the foodborne pathogenListeria monocytogenesrecently revealed four serotype 4b major hypervirulent clonal complexes (CCs), i.e., CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6. Hypervirulence was indicated by overrepresentation of these clones, and serotype 4b as a whole, among human clinical isolates in comparison to food. However, data on potential source-dependent partitioning among serotype 4b clones in diverse regions are sparse. We analyzed a panel of 347 serotype 4b isolates, primarily from North America, to determine the distribution of clones in humans, other animals, food, and water. CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6 predominated, but surprisingly, only three clones, i.e., CC2 and the singleton sequence types (STs) ST382 and ST639, exhibited significant source-dependent associations, with higher propensity for food (CC2) or water (ST382 and ST639) than other sources. Pairwise comparisons between human and food isolates identified CC4 as the only serotype 4b clone significantly overrepresented among human isolates. Our analysis also revealed several serotype 4b clones emerging in North America. Two such emerging clones, ST382 (implicated in several outbreaks since 2014) and ST639, were primarily encountered among human and water isolates. Findings suggest that in spite of the ubiquity of CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6, regional heterogeneity in serotype 4b is substantially larger than previously surmised. Analysis of even large strain panels from one region may not adequately predict clones unique to, and emerging in, other areas. Serotype 4b clonal complexes may differ in ecological niche preference, suggesting the need to further elucidate reservoirs and vehicles, especially for emerging clones.IMPORTANCEInListeria monocytogenes, serotype 4b strains are leading contributors to human disease, but intraserotype distributions among different sources and regions remain poorly elucidated. Analysis of 347 serotype 4b isolates from four different sources, mostly from North America, confirmed the overall predominance of the major clones CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6 but found that only CC4 was significantly associated with human disease, while CC2 was significantly associated with food. Remarkably, several emerging clones were identified among human isolates from North America, with some of these also exhibiting a propensity for surface water. The latter included the singleton clones ST382, implicated in several outbreaks in the United States since 2014, and ST639. These clones were noticeably underrepresented among much larger panels from other regions. Though associated with North America for the time being, they may eventually become globally disseminated through the food trade or other venues.
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Bespalova, Tatiana Yu, Tatiana V. Mikhaleva, Nadezhda Yu Meshcheryakova, Olga V. Kustikova, Kazimir Matovic, Marko Dmitrić, Sergey S. Zaitsev, Maria A. Khizhnyakova, and Valentina A. Feodorova. "Novel Sequence Types of Listeria monocytogenes of Different Origin Obtained in the Republic of Serbia." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (June 12, 2021): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061289.
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Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of listeriosis, is amongst the major food-borne pathogens in the world that affect mammal species, including humans. This microorganism has been associated with both sporadic episodes and large outbreaks of human listeriosis worldwide, with high mortality rates. In this study, the main sequence types (STs) and clonal complexes (CCs) were investigated in all of the 13 L. monocytogenes strains originating from different sources in the Republic of Serbia in 2004–2019 and that were available in the BIGSdb-Lm database. We found at least 13 STs belonging to the phylogenetic lineages I and II. These strains were represented by ST1/ST3/ST9 of CC1/CC3/CC9, which were common in the majority of the European countries and worldwide, as well as by eight novel STs (ST1232/ST1233/ST1234/ST1235/ST1238/ST1236/ST1237/ST1242) of CC19/CC155/CC5/CC21/CC3/CC315/CC37, and the rare ST32 (clonal complex ST32) and ST734 (CC1), reported in the Republic of Serbia, the EU, for the first time. Our study confirmed the association of CC1 with cases of neuroinfection and abortions among small ruminants, and of CC3 and CC9 with food products of animal origin. The strains isolated in 2019 carried alleles of the internalin genes (inlA/inlB/inlC/inlE) characteristic of the most virulent strains from the hypervirulent CC1. These findings demonstrated the genetic relatedness between L. monocytogenes strains isolated in the Republic of Serbia and worldwide. Our study adds further information about the diversity of the L. monocytogenes genotypes of small ruminants and food products, as the strain distribution in these sources in Serbia had not previously been evaluated.
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Cernicharo, J., C. Cabezas, M. Agúndez, B. Tercero, J. R. Pardo, N. Marcelino, J. D. Gallego, F. Tercero, J. A. López-Pérez, and P. de Vicente. "TMC-1, the starless core sulfur factory: Discovery of NCS, HCCS, H2CCS, H2CCCS, and C4S and detection of C5S." Astronomy & Astrophysics 648 (April 2021): L3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140642.
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We report the detection of the sulfur-bearing species NCS, HCCS, H2CCS, H2CCCS, and C4S for the first time in space. These molecules were found towards TMC-1 through the observation of several lines for each species. We also report the detection of C5S for the first time in a cold cloud through the observation of five lines in the 31–50 GHz range. The derived column densities are N(NCS) = (7.8 ± 0.6) × 1011 cm−2, N(HCCS) = (6.8 ± 0.6) × 1011 cm−2, N(H2CCS) = (7.8 ± 0.8) × 1011 cm−2, N(H2CCCS) = (3.7 ± 0.4) × 1011 cm−2, N(C4S) = (3.8 ± 0.4) × 1010 cm−2, and N(C5S) = (5.0 ± 1.0) × 1010 cm−2. The observed abundance ratio between C3S and C4S is 340, that is to say a factor of approximately one hundred larger than the corresponding value for CCS and C3S. The observational results are compared with a state-of-the-art chemical model, which is only partially successful in reproducing the observed abundances. These detections underline the need to improve chemical networks dealing with S-bearing species.
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Wu, Chia-Liang, Wei-Yi Lei, Jaw-Shing Wang, Ching-En Lin, Chien-Lin Chen, and Shu-Hui Wen. "Acid suppressants use and the risk of dementia: A population-based propensity score-matched cohort study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): e0242975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242975.
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In this population-based propensity score matched (PSM) cohort study, we aimed to investigate the risk of developing dementia with the use of acid suppressants, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2 antagonists). Cohorts of PPI users (n = 2,778), H2 antagonist users (n = 6,165), and non-users (n = 86,238) were selected from a dataset covering the years 2000 to 2010 in Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients in the three groups were PSM at a ratio of 1:1 within each comparison cohort (CC). Three CCs were created: (1) PPI users compared to non-users (CC1, n = 2,583 pairs); (2) H2 antagonist users compared to non-users (CC2, n = 5,955 pairs); and (3) PPI users compared to H2 antagonist users (CC3, n = 2,765 pairs). A multivariable robust Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of developing dementia. The multivariable analysis results show that the aHR of developing dementia during the follow-up period was 0.72 (CC1: 95% CI = 0.51–1.03, P = 0.07) for PPI users and 0.95 (CC2: 95% CI = 0.74–1.22, P = 0.69) for H2 antagonist users, when compared to non-users. Between the patients using acid suppressants, there was no difference between PPI and H2 antagonist users in the risk of developing dementia (CC3: aHR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.58–1.17, P = 0.28). In conclusion, no association was observed between the use of acid suppressants and the risk of developing dementia in any of the three CCs. Further, randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm this relationship.
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Futalan, Cybelle M., Yu-Shen Huang, Jheng-Hong Chen, and Meng-Wei Wan. "Arsenate removal from aqueous solution using chitosan-coated bentonite, chitosan-coated kaolinite and chitosan-coated sand: parametric, isotherm and thermodynamic studies." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 3 (July 26, 2018): 676–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.339.
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Abstract In the present work, the removal efficiency of As(V) from aqueous solution using chitosan-coated bentonite (CCB), chitosan-coated kaolinite (CCK) and chitosan-coated sand (CCS) was evaluated. The chitosan-based adsorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method and thermogravimetric analysis. Kinetic studies revealed that As(V) uptake using CCB, CCK and CCS fitted well with the pseudo-second order equation (R2 ≥ 0.9847; RMSE ≤ 9.1833). Equilibrium data show good correlation with the Langmuir model (R2 ≥ 0.9753; RMSE ≤ 8.5123; SSE ≤ 16.2651) for all adsorbents, which implies monolayer coverage onto homogenous energy sites. The Langmuir adsorption capacity for As(V) at pH 7.0 was determined to be 67.11, 64.85, and 16.78 mg/g for CCB, CCK and CCS, respectively. Thermodynamic studies show that As(V) uptake is exothermic in nature using CCK and endothermic using CCB and CCS. Moreover, adsorption of As(V) was feasible and spontaneous for CCB and CCS at 298 to 328 K. Results show that CCB is the most effective adsorbent in the removal of As(V) from water due to its high surface area and large pore diameter.
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Ferreira, Fabio Oliveira, Samuel Aguiar, Alessandro Lima, Erika Maria Monteiro Santos, Wilson Toshihiko Nakagawa, Alexsander Kurowa Bressan, Celso Lopes Mello, and Ademar Lopes. "Predictors of complications after cytoreductive surgery associated with HIPEC in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e14119-e14119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e14119.
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e14119 Background: A select group of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) has been treated with curative intent by cytoreductive surgery (CCS) associated with intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (HIPEC). The objective of this study is to identify predictors of postoperative complications in patients undergoing CCS + HIPEC. Methods: We analyzed data from 136 procedures of CCS + HIPEC in 128 patients with PC, from March 2001 to December 2010. Variables clinical, surgical, and the scores obtained by rating scales of risk (ASA, POSSUM and ACE-27), were correlated with scores obtained by rating scales of morbidity and postoperative results (Bennett-Guerrero, NCI and McPeek). Carcinomatosis was caused by tumors of the appendix in 54 cases (39.7%), ovary in 43 (31.6%), colorectal in 22 (16.2%), peritoneal mesothelioma in 14 (10.3%) and others in three (2.2%). All patients were classified as ECOG 0 and 1 and had KPS> 80%. Complete cytoreduction (CC0) was performed in 93 (68.4%), CC1 30 (22.1%) and CC2 or CC3 in 13 (9.5%). Results: The rates of OS and the median follow-up were respectively 79.6% and 102 months for patients with CP of origin in tumors of the appendix, 78.6% and 74.8 months for source of peritoneal mesotheliomas, 73,9% and 55.9 months for ovarian origin and 36.4% and 31.1 months for colorectal origin. The morbidity (serious complications NCI - grade 3, 4, and 5) and postoperative mortality (30 days) were respectively 16.9% and 2.9%. The duration of surgery (> 9 hours) and ASA classification Scale (ASA class III) were the main predictors of postoperative complications in multivariate analysis. Age was a predictor of cardiovascular complications and one of the variables responsible for longer ICU stay. The number of anastomoses performed per procedure (2 or 3) was associated with the occurrence of infectious complications systemic and wound. Conclusions: The duration of surgery, ASA classification in scale, age and number of anastomoses were the factors most often related to the occurrence of severe postoperative complications after cytoreductive surgery associated with intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy.
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LaBella, L. A., and D. A. McCrea. "Evidence for restricted central convergence of cutaneous afferents on an excitatory reflex pathway to medial gastrocnemius motoneurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 64, no. 2 (August 1, 1990): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.64.2.403.
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1. We previously reported that excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) produced by low-threshold electrical stimulation of the caudal cutaneous sural nerve (CCS) occur preferentially and with the shortest central latencies in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) portion of the triceps surae motor nuclei. The present study employs the spatial facilitation technique to assess interneuronal convergence on the short-latency excitatory pathway from CCS to MG by several other ipsilateral hindlimb afferents [the lateral cutaneous sural (LCS), caudal cutaneous femoral (CCF), saphenous (SAPH), superficial peroneal (SP), posterior tibial (TIB), and posterior articular (Joint) nerves]. 2. Spatial facilitation of CCF EPSPs in MG motoneurons was demonstrated with conditioning stimulation of the LCS, CCF, SAPH, SP, and TIB nerves, but was most readily and consistently observed with CCF conditioning. Facilitation of CCS and CCF EPSPs was obtained in individual MG motoneurons with a wide range of condition-test intervals. 3. CCF EPSPs in MG motoneurons produced by twice threshold (2T) afferent stimulation had a mean latency of 4.8 ms and often appeared as slowly rising, asynchronous potentials. On the other hand, 2T CCS EPSPs had a mean latency of 2.8 ms and appeared as sharper rising, less variable depolarizations. The optimum condition-test interval for facilitation of CCS and CCF EPSPs was found to be 5.2 ms on average, with CCS stimulation delayed from that of CCF. The longer latency of CCF EPSPs and the finding that the minimum condition-test interval was on the order of 3.9 ms suggests that convergence occurs late in the excitatory CCF pathway to MG motoneurons. 4. Convergence between excitatory pathways to MG from CCF and CCS afferents is discussed with regard to the original observations of Hagbarth on the location of cutaneous receptive fields and excitation of ankle extensors. In addition, evidence for the segregation of these specialized reflex pathways from those involved in general flexion reflexes is discussed.
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Rabello, Renata F., Beatriz M. Moreira, Regina M. M. Lopes, Lúcia M. Teixeira, Lee W. Riley, and Angela C. D. Castro. "Multilocus sequence typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from cows with mastitis in Brazilian dairy herds." Journal of Medical Microbiology 56, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 1505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47357-0.
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Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen associated with bovine mastitis, one of the most important infectious diseases occurring in dairy cattle herds worldwide. In the present study, S. aureus isolates recovered from cows with mastitis in dairy herds located in the south-east of Brazil were genotyped by PFGE and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). PFGE identified 60 pulsotypes (PTs), which were found to be distributed among six clonal complexes (CCs) by MLST. All PTs with similarity percentages greater than 65 % belonged to the same CC. Most of the PTs belonged to CC126 (n=28) and CC97 (n=19), which were represented by 91 % of the isolates. These CCs have also been recovered from cows with mastitis in countries located in different continents, but they have rarely been isolated from human specimens. Few isolates were represented by PTs belonging to CCs that are frequently isolated from human specimens (CC1, CC5 and CC30). These data reinforce the hypothesis that a limited number of S. aureus CCs are responsible for most bovine mastitis cases internationally. Specific features of the specialized clones should be studied for use as future targets of mastitis control measures.
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Cockfield, Joshua D., Smriti Pathak, Jonathan D. Edgeworth, and Jodi A. Lindsay. "Rapid determination of hospital-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lineages." Journal of Medical Microbiology 56, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47074-0.
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Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multi-strain microarray analysis have shown that most human Staphylococcus aureus strains belong to ten dominant clonal complexes (CCs) or lineages, each with unique surface architecture. Meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains currently belong to six of these lineages (CC1, CC5, CC8, CC22, CC30 and CC45), each of which has independently acquired mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying antibiotic resistance genes. MLST and microarrays are expensive and time consuming methods for routine determination of S. aureus lineage. A restriction-modification (RM) test has now been developed that is rapid, simple, inexpensive and accurately determines lineage of hospital-acquired MRSA. The RM test is based on three PCRs for hsdS gene variants, as hsdS genes likely control the independent evolution of S. aureus lineages. The RM test correctly identified 102 MRSA isolates as belonging to one of the six lineages/CCs. Real-time MRSA typing can be used to identify and track changes in local MRSA outbreaks, and provide support for targeting infection control strategies. Simple and accurate typing methods will also support large scale epidemiological studies, and could lead to greater understanding of the carriage, spread and virulence of different MRSA lineages.
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Zhang, Han, Liyun Qin, Caiping Jin, Huidong Ju, Ruiping Jiang, Lijie Li, Hong Zhang, et al. "Molecular Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patient and Food Samples in Shijiazhuang, China." Pathogens 11, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111333.
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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common opportunistic and zoonotic pathogen in the world and could easily cause human infections and food contaminations. This study investigated the sequence typing and resistance profiles of S. aureus isolates from patient and food samples in Shijiazhuang, China. A total of 101 S. aureus isolates were distributed into six clonal complexes (CCs) and 16 singletons. A total of 86 patient isolates were distributed into six clonal CCs and 12 singletons, including a new ST. CC59, CC5, CC22, and CC398 were the predominant CCs of patient isolates. A total of 15 foodborne S. aureus isolates were distributed into 3 CCs and 4 STs, and CC1 was the most prevalent CC. Moreover, 101 S. aureus isolates had high resistance to penicillin and low resistance to chloramphenicol and rifampicin. A total of 39 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were detected in this study, including thirty-eight strains of patient isolates (44.2%, 38/86) and one strain of food isolates (6.7%, 1/15). MRSA-ST5, MRSA-ST59, and MRSA-ST239 were the predominant MRSA isolates in hospitals. The present study explained the relationship between S. aureus isolated from patient and food samples and indicated the risks of S. aureus in infectious diseases.
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Argudín, M. Angeles, M. Carmen Mendoza, Fernando Vázquez, Beatriz Guerra, and M. Rosario Rodicio. "Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream isolates from geriatric patients attending a long-term care Spanish hospital." Journal of Medical Microbiology 60, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.021758-0.
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All Staphylococcus aureus isolates (n=31) that caused bacteraemia in a Spanish geriatric hospital during 1996–2006 were analysed by a simple, rapid and inexpensive PCR technique based on variations in the hsdS1 and hsdS2 genes encoding the sequence recognition subunits of the Sau1 restriction–modification (RM) system. An equal number of isolates collected from surgical wounds over the same time period (control group) were similarly characterized. The RM test allocated 75 % of the isolates to the six major clonal complexes (CC1, CC5, CC8, CC22, CC30 and CC45) for which it was developed. However, recognition of minor CCs and precise identification of the circulating clones required more powerful and comprehensive techniques such as spa typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), which are more demanding and expensive. The RM test is not intended to replace spa or MLST typing, but may be of use when time, technical and/or financial resources are limited. Overall, nine and seven CCs were detected in bloodstream and wound isolates, respectively. In both groups, CC5 was the most frequent (35.5 % each), followed by CC45 or CC8 (22.6 and 32.3 % of bloodstream and wound isolates, respectively). The frequency of meticillin resistance was lower in bloodstream (16.1 %) than in wound (51.6 %) isolates (P=0.0025). Among the former, sequence type (ST) 5-staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) II, ST5-SCCmec IV, ST45-SCCmec IV and ST125-SCCmec IV (now dominant in Spanish hospitals) clones were found. Among the wound isolates, nine meticillin-resistant clones were represented, with three of them (ST125-SCCmec III, ST125-SCCmec V and ST14-SCCmec V) being newly described.
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Maus, Volker, Daniel Behme, Jan Borggrefe, Christoph Kabbasch, Fatih Seker, Cicek Hüseyin, Utako Birgit Barnikol, et al. "Carotid Artery Stenosis Contralateral to Acute Tandem Occlusion: An Independent Predictor of Poor Clinical Outcome after Mechanical Thrombectomy with Concomitant Carotid Artery Stenting." Cerebrovascular Diseases 45, no. 1-2 (November 24, 2017): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000484719.
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Background and Purpose: Cerebral ischemic strokes due to extra-/intracranial tandem occlusions (TO) of the anterior circulation are responsible for causing mechanical thrombectomy (MT). The impact of concomitant contralateral carotid stenosis (CCS) upon outcome remains unclear in this stroke subtype. Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 4 international stroke centers between 2011 and 2017. One hundred ninety-seven consecutive patients with anterior TO were treated with MT and acute carotid artery stenting (CAS). Clinical (including demographics and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]), imaging (including angiographic evaluation of CCS) and procedural data were evaluated. Favorable clinical outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤2 at 90 days. Results: In 186 out of 197 TO patients preinterventional CT angiography was available for analysis, thereof 49 patients (26%) presented with CCS. Median admission NIHSS and procedural timings did not differ between groups. Reperfusion was successful in 38 out of 49 patients (78%) vs. 113 out of 148 patients (76%) without CCS. In stark contrast, rate of favorable outcome at 90 days differed significantly between groups (22 vs. 44%; p < 0.05). The presence of CCS in TO was associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome independent of age and NIHSS in multivariate logistic regression (p < 0.05). Final infarct volume was significantly larger in CCS patients (100 ± 127 vs. 63 ± 77 cm3; p < 0.05). Neither all-cause mortality rates (25 vs. 17%) nor frequency of peri-interventional symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage differed between groups (7 vs. 6%). Conclusion: For patients with anterior TO undergoing MT with concomitant CAS the presence of CCS >50% is an independent predictor of poor clinical outcome. This most likely cause is due to poorer collateral flow to the affected tissue.
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Schiavano, Giuditta Fiorella, Collins Njie Ateba, Annalisa Petruzzelli, Veronica Mele, Giulia Amagliani, Fabrizia Guidi, Mauro De Santi, et al. "Whole-Genome Sequencing Characterization of Virulence Profiles of Listeria monocytogenes Food and Human Isolates and In Vitro Adhesion/Invasion Assessment." Microorganisms 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010062.
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Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is the causative agent of human listeriosis. Lm strains have different virulence potential. For this reason, we preliminarily characterised via Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) some Lm strains for their key genomic features and virulence-associated determinants, assigning the clonal complex (CC). Moreover, the ability of the same strains to adhere to and invade human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2, evaluating the possible correspondence with their genetic virulence profile, was also assessed. The clinical strains typed belonged to clonal complex (CC)1, CC31, and CC101 and showed a very low invasiveness. The Lm strains isolated from food were assigned to CC1, CC7, CC9, and CC121. All CC1 carried the hypervirulence pathogenicity island LIPI-3 in addition to LIPI-1. Premature stop codons in the inlA gene were found only in Lm of food origin belonging to CC9 and CC121. The presence of LIPI2_inlII was observed in all the CCs except CC1. The CC7 strain, belonging to an epidemic cluster, also carried the internalin genes inlG and inlL and showed the highest level of invasion. In contrast, the human CC31 strain lacked the lapB and vip genes and presented the lowest level of invasiveness. In Lm, the genetic determinants of hypo- or hypervirulence are not necessarily predictive of a cell adhesion and/or invasion ability in vitro. Moreover, since listeriosis results from the interplay between host and virulence features of the pathogen, even hypovirulent clones are able to cause infection in immunocompromised people.
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Holtfreter, Silva, Dorothee Grumann, Veronika Balau, Annette Barwich, Julia Kolata, André Goehler, Stefan Weiss, et al. "Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in the General Population in Northeast Germany: Results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND-0)." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 11 (September 7, 2016): 2774–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00312-16.
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Population-based studies onStaphylococcus aureusnasal colonization are scarce. We examined the prevalence, resistance, and molecular diversity ofS. aureusin the general population in Northeast Germany. Nasal swabs were obtained from 3,891 adults in the large-scale population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND). Isolates were characterized usingspagenotyping, as well as antibiotic resistance and virulence gene profiling. We observed anS. aureusprevalence of 27.2%. NasalS. aureuscarriage was associated with male sex and inversely correlated with age. Methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) accounted for 0.95% of the colonizingS. aureusstrains. MRSA carriage was associated with frequent visits to hospitals, nursing homes, or retirement homes within the previous 24 months. All MRSA strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Most MRSA isolates belonged to the pandemic European hospital-acquired MRSA sequence type 22 (HA-MRSA-ST22) lineage. We also detected one livestock-associated MRSA ST398 (LA-MRSA-ST398) isolate, as well as six livestock-associated methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(LA-MSSA) isolates (clonal complex 1 [CC1], CC97, and CC398).spatyping revealed a diverse but also highly clonalS. aureuspopulation structure. We identified a total of 357spatypes, which were grouped into 30 CCs or sequence types. The major seven CCs (CC30, CC45, CC15, CC8, CC7, CC22, and CC25) included 75% of all isolates. Virulence gene patterns were strongly linked to the clonal background. In conclusion, MSSA and MRSA prevalences and the molecular diversity ofS. aureusin Northeast Germany are consistent with those of other European countries. The detection of HA-MRSA and LA-MRSA within the general population indicates possible transmission from hospitals and livestock, respectively, and should be closely monitored.
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Pyz-Łukasik, Renata, Waldemar Paszkiewicz, Michał Kiełbus, Monika Ziomek, Michał Gondek, Piotr Domaradzki, Katarzyna Michalak, and Dorota Pietras-Ożga. "Genetic Diversity and Potential Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Originating from Polish Artisanal Cheeses." Foods 11, no. 18 (September 11, 2022): 2805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11182805.
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Artisanal cheeses can be sources of Listeria monocytogenes and cause disease in humans. This bacterial pathogen is a species of diverse genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. The aim of the study was to characterize 32 isolates of L. monocytogenes isolated in 2014–2018 from artisanal cheeses. The isolates were characterized using whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The artisanal cheese isolates resolved to four molecular groups: 46.9% of them to IIa (1/2a-3a), 31.2% to IVb (4ab-4b-4d-4e), 12.5% to IIc (1/2c-3c), and 9.4% to IIb (1/2b-3b-7). Two evolutionary lineages emerged: lineage II having 59.4% of the isolates and lineage I having 40.6%. The sequence types (ST) totaled 18: ST6 (15.6% of the isolates), ST2, ST20, ST26, and ST199 (each 9.4%), ST7 and ST9 (each 6.3%), and ST1, ST3, ST8, ST16, ST87, ST91, ST121, ST122, ST195, ST217, and ST580 (each 3.1%). There were 15 detected clonal complexes (CC): CC6 (15.6% of isolates), CC9 (12.5%), CC2, CC20, CC26, and CC199 (each 9.4%), CC7 and CC8 (each 6.3%), and CC1, CC3, CC14, CC87, CC121, CC195, and CC217 (each 3.1%). The isolates were varied in their virulence genes and the differences concerned: inl, actA, LIPI-3, ami, gtcA, aut, vip, and lntA.
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Feng, Jianjun, Erin L. Schuenzel, Jianqiang Li, and Norman W. Schaad. "Multilocus Sequence Typing Reveals Two Evolutionary Lineages of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli." Phytopathology® 99, no. 8 (August 2009): 913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-8-0913.
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Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli, causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch, has caused considerable damage to the watermelon and melon industry in China and the United States. Understanding the emergence and spread of this pathogen is important for controlling the disease. To build a fingerprinting database for reliable identification and tracking of strains of A. avenae subsp. citrulli, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was developed using seven conserved loci. The study included 8 original strains from the 1978 description of A. avenae subsp. citrulli, 51 from China, and 34 from worldwide collections. Two major clonal complexes (CCs), CC1 and CC2, were identified within A. avenae subsp. citrulli; 48 strains typed as CC1 and 45 as CC2. All eight original 1978 strains isolated from watermelon and melon grouped in CC1. CC2 strains were predominant in the worldwide collection and all but five were isolated from watermelon. In China, a major seed producer for melon and watermelon, the predominant strains were CC1 and were found nearly equally on melon and watermelon.
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Lawes, R. A., M. K. Wegener, K. E. Basford, and R. J. Lawn. "Commercial cane sugar trends in the Tully sugar district." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 7 (2000): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00035.
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Commercial cane sugar (CCS), as measured by sugar mills, is in decline in the wet tropics of Australia. One of these mills, Tully Sugar Ltd, has measured CCS in the factory as required by legislation and also measured whole clean stalk CCS through a small mill, which is free of contaminants. ‘Factory CCS’ measures the CCS of cane entering the mill, after it has been harvested. The harvesting and transport process delivers to the mill cane that is contaminated by extraneous matter such as leaf material and soil. Beween 1988 and 1998, 1516 blocks were sampled for ‘small mill CCS’. These data were combined with block productivity information to determine the trends in small mill CCS and factory CCS using a linear mixed model analysis as the data were unbalanced. Other data, including the date of harvest for factory CCS, date of sampling for small mill CCS, farm of origin and cane variety were available and fitted as random effects in the mixed model. Year was fixed to determine time related trends in the 2 measures of CCS. Small mill CCS was higher than factory CCS and remained constant from 1988 to 1998. Predicted factory CCS declined from 12.76 units in 1988 to 10.91 units in 1998. We conclude that the CCS levels in whole clean stalks were actually stable, since small mill CCS remained constant over the 10-year period. Possible reasons for the differences in the trends for the 2 CCS measures are discussed.
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Blagitz, Maiara Garcia, Nilson Roberti Benites, Camila Freitas Batista, Fernando Nogueira Souza, Ricardo Augusto Dias, Viviani Gomes, and Alice Maria Melville Paiva Della Libera. "Variações metodológicas na contagem de células somáticas do leite de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês." Ciência Rural 43, no. 4 (April 2013): 668–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782013000400016.
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O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a correlação entre a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) automática e a CCS microscópica direta por diferentes colorações no leite de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês. Avaliou-se a CCS automática por citometria de fluxo, e a CCS microscópica foi realizada por esfregaços lácteos corados com as colorações de Broadhurst-Paley (BP), Hematoxilina-eosina (HE) e Rosenfeld. Os valores logarítmicos da CCS microscópica pela coloração de BP e Rosenfeld foram superiores aos valores logarítmicos da CCS automática e a CCS microscópica pela coloração de HE (P<0,0001), e os valores logarítmicos da CCS pela coloração de HE foram inferiores aos valores logarítmicos da CCS automática (P<0,0001). As correlações entre os valores logarítmicos da CCS automática e os valores logarítmicos das CCS microscópica pelas colorações de HE, BP e Rosenfeld foram de 0,774, 0,803 e 0,859 (P<0,0001), respectivamente. Os valores logarítmicos reais da CCS microscópica e aqueles estimados pela CCS automática, considerando as equações das curvas por regressão quadrática, não foram estatisticamente diferentes pelas colorações de HE (P=0,90), BP (P=0,09) e Rosenfeld (P=0,23). Conclui-se que a metodologia influencia a CCS no leite de ovinos e propõe-se a utilização da equação da curva para estimação da CCS automática a partir dos valores da CCS microscópica, quando colorações não específicas para o ácido desoxirribonucleico são aplicadas para avaliação da celularidade do leite no diagnóstico da mastite em ovinos.
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Raber, Margaret, Karla Crawford, Tom Baranowski, Shreela V. Sharma, Vanessa Schick, Christine Markham, Michael Roth, and Joya Chandra. "Exploring food preparation practices in families with and without school-aged childhood cancer survivors." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019002672.
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AbstractObjective:Survival rates for paediatric cancers have increased dramatically since the 1970s, but childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at increased risk for several chronic diseases throughout life. Nutrition interventions promoting healthy family meals may support wellness for survivors, but little research has explored CCS family food preparation habits. The goal of the present study was to describe and compare food preparation practices of CCS and non-CCS families.Design:Observational.Setting:Typical evening meal preparation events were observed and recorded in participant homes. Recordings and notes were analysed using the Healthy Cooking Index (HCI), a measure of nutrition-optimizing food preparation practices relevant to survivor wellness. Demographics, BMI and nutrient composition of prepared meals were also collected.Participants:Forty parents with a CCS or non-CCS child aged 5–17 years were recruited.Results:There were no major differences between the CCS and non-CCS families with regard to summative HCI score or specific food preparation behaviours. Meals prepared by CCS and non-CCS families had similar nutrient compositions.Conclusions:The study revealed areas for practical nutrition intervention in CCS and non-CCS families. Future studies should consider adopting and tailoring nutrition intervention methods that have been successful in non-CCS communities.
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Zhu, Bingqing, Yaochun Fan, Zheng Xu, Li Xu, Pengcheng Du, Yuan Gao, and Zhujun Shao. "Genetic diversity and clonal characteristics of ciprofloxacin-resistant meningococcal strains in China." Journal of Medical Microbiology 63, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 1411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.078600-0.
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The purpose of the present study was to identify the clonal characteristics and gyrA gene diversity of ciprofloxacin-resistant meningococcal strains in China. One hundred and forty-one ciprofloxacin-resistant and 103 ciprofloxacin-susceptible meningococcal strains were selected for multilocus sequence typing. Of these, 54 ciprofloxacin-resistant and 42 ciprofloxacin-susceptible strains were selected for gyrA gene sequencing. Of the three clonal complexes prevalent in China, serogroup A of ST-5 complex (CC5) and serogroup C/B strains of CC4821 had a high proportion of ciprofloxacin resistance, whereas CC11 serogroup W strains were all susceptible. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the gyrA gene among ciprofloxacin-resistant strains showed more diversity than those among ciprofloxacin-susceptible strains. All ciprofloxacin-resistant strains had a T91I mutation and the ciprofloxacin-susceptible strains had no T91I mutation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the gyrA gene sequences of CC4821 serogroup B/C strains, CC11 serogroup W, CC1 serogroup A, ciprofloxacin-susceptible CC5 serogroup A and reference strains had high similarity. By contrast, the ciprofloxacin-resistant CC5 serogroup A strains had a highly conserved gyrA gene sequence which was different (94.8 % similarity) from that in the above strains. The results of our investigation showed that the high proportion of ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria meningitidis is associated with certain sequence types (STs) or clonal complexes (CCs). The prevalence of certain CCs with a high proportion of ciprofloxacin resistance can facilitate the spread of ciprofloxacin resistance.
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Kang, Gi Hwan, and Sung Hoon Kim. "Carbon Coils-Polyurethane Composites for the Shielding Materials of Electromagnetic Interference." Advances in Science and Technology 95 (October 2014): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.95.50.
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The carbon coils (d-CCs) having the diverse geometries were deposited on Al2O3 substrate by continuous injection of SF6 in C2H2 source gas under the thermal chemical vapor deposition system. d-CCs with polyurethane (PU) composites (d-CCs@PU) were fabricated by dispersing d-CCs in PU solvent with dimethylformamide (DMF) additive. The electromagnetic wave shielding properties of d-CCs@PU composites were investigated in the frequency range of 0.25-1.5 GHz. The shielding effectiveness (SE) of d-CCs@PU composites were measured and discussed according to the weight percent of d-CCs in CCs@PU composites and the thickness of d-CCs@PU composites layers. Based on these results, we discussed the shielding properties of d-CCs@PU composites and the main mechanism of the SE in this work.
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Huang, Chao, Xiao Qin Li, and Li Fei Chen. "Analysis of Policy Incentives for Selection of CCS Technologies." Advanced Materials Research 869-870 (December 2013): 967–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.869-870.967.
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This paper studies the effect of policy incentives on investment strategies of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. We establish CCS investment models based on real options theory for investment value evaluation of CCS, which consider CO2price, policy incentives and different CCS technologies that include the old existing CCS technology and the new one. We evaluate CCS investment option values and calculate the change of CCS investment values and thresholds due to the variation of CO2price and policy incentives. We conclude that the optimal strategy is investing in the new CCS technology when there are enough policy incentives, otherwise, it is optimal to firstly invest in the old existing CCS technology and then upgrade to the new one.
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Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo, and Lauri Jauhiainen. "Come Out of a Hiding Place: How Are Cover Crops Allocated on Finnish Farms?" Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 3103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053103.
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Cover crops (CCs) may provide many ecosystem services for crop production systems, and interest has increased in the cultivation of CCs among Finnish farmers. Piloting farmers applied for agricultural payments to support the cultivation of CCs (AP-CCs) in 2020. Novel data with a total of 34,515 field parcels with CCs from 5747 farms was used to assess how farmers allocated CCs depending on farm and parcel characteristics. Pioneering farmers often had conventional, large farms with cereal areas exceeding 25%, and expertise with special crop(s). Conventional farmers seemed to allocate CCs to large parcels. The allocation of CCs was not solely dictated by cash crops. Cover crops were planted more frequently in parcels close to waterways. Conventional farmers allocated CCs to parcels with a history of highly monotonous cereal sequencing. Hence, farmers seem to benefit from ecosystem services provided by CCs: increasing spatial diversity, reducing the environmental footprint, and improving soil health. This novel understanding is used to support the implementation of CCs beyond pilot farms and to develop a decision support system for their allocation. The ultimate goal is to support a transition towards more sustainable crop production systems with currently underutilized CCs in high-latitude conditions.
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ter Mors, Emma, Esther van Leeuwen, Christine Boomsma, and Renate Meier. "Media Coverage of Carbon Capture and Storage: An Analysis of Established and Emerging Themes in Dutch National Newspapers." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 20, 2023): 2056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16042056.
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Policymakers in several European countries are considering the implementation of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology as part of a strategy to prevent further climate change. Successful CCS implementation requires societal support but planned CCS projects have encountered significant opposition. In this study, we examine the CCS coverage in Dutch national newspapers from 2017 to 2019, a period during which the Dutch CCS landscape underwent several substantial changes, and compare the results to those of earlier media analyses conducted between 1991 and 2011. Most of the 324 articles identified discussed CCS in a neutral (36.4%) or balanced (24.4%) manner, and more critical articles than supportive ones were found (23.1% vs. 16.0%). Consistent with the earlier media analyses, the potential of CCS to reduce carbon dioxide emissions was a major theme in the positive portrayal of CCS, while the argument that CCS implementation is needed for the prompt reduction in emissions gained prominence. High CCS deployment costs and the perception that CCS is an unproven technology have remained major themes in the negative portrayal of CCS. The availability of and preference for alternative solutions was a more prominent theme in the conversation compared to earlier years, whereas the subject of CCS safety was discussed less than before. The study illustrates how media coverage can shed light on the evolving relationships between society and CCS, and on the established and emerging themes in arguments used for and against the technology.
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Krishnan, Padmanabhan. "Architectural CCS." Formal Aspects of Computing 8, no. 2 (March 1996): 162–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01214555.
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Lobanova, N. Iu, E. N. Chicherina, S. V. Malchikova, and N. S. Maksimchuk-Kolobova. "Fluid shear stress on the endothelium of the carotid artery wall and coronary artery calcinosis in patients with arterial hypertension." South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21886/2712-8156-2022-3-3-60-67.
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Objective: to study the interconditionality of changes in the fluid shear stress on the endothelium (FSE) of the common carotid artery (CCA) wall which is intact from atherosclerosis with the value of the Cardiac Calcium Score (CCS) among patients with e arterial hypertension (AH).Materials and methods: the study included 99 patients with AH, 52 of them had atherosclerotic lesions of the brachiocephalic arteries (BCA). The ultrasound investigation of the carotid arteries with the determination of FSE in the intact area of the CCA, multispiral computed tomography of the coronary arteries with the determination of CCS were performed to all patients.Results: the prevalence of BCA atherosclerotic lesion in the study was 53%. The mean value of FSE for patients with AH and BCA atherosclerosis (group 1) were 660.7 (185.6) c-1, for patients with AH without its (group 2) — 735.8 (149.8) c-1, p = 0.009. The parameters of the lipid spectrum in patients of both groups were comparable. Мedian value of CCS in patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the BCA were statistically significantly higher (15.00 (0.00; 178.00),) compared with patients of the group 2 (0.00 (0.00; 171.00), at p = 0.001. The chances of detecting coronary artery calcification among patients of group 1 are in 2 times higher (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.58-8.33) than among patients of group 2. Low FSE values correlated with male gender (rs = 0.40 (95% CI: 0.22; 0.55) p <0.001) and increasing of CCS (rs = -0.23 (95% CI: -0.41; -0.04) p = 0.022).Conclusions: the prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions of the BCA among patients with AH without a history of symptomatic diseases associated with atherosclerosis was 53%. In the group of patients with AH and atherosclerotic lesions of the BCA, median values of CCS were significantly higher, and coronary artery lesions were detected significantly more often (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.58-8.33) than among patients with AH and intact BCA. The mean value of FSE for patients with AH and BCA atherosclerosis were statistically significantly lower than for patients with AH without it and amounted to 660.7 (185.6) c-1 and 735.8 (149.8) c-1, respectively, p = 0.009. Low FSE values correlated with male gender and increasing of CCS
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Cavalera, Federica, Milena Simovic, Mario Zanoni, Valeria Merico, Silvia Garagna, and Maurizio Zuccotti. "IVM of mouse fully grown germinal vesicle oocytes upon a feeder layer of selected cumulus cells enhances their developmental competence." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 6 (2019): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd18444.
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In the ovary, acquisition of oocyte developmental competence depends on a bidirectional exchange between the gamete and its companion cumulus cells (CCs). In this study we investigated the contribution of CCs surrounding oocytes of known developmental competence or incompetence to the acquisition of oocyte developmental competence. To this end, feeder layers of CCs (FL-CCs) were prepared using CCs isolated either from: (1) developmentally competent mouse oocytes whose nucleolus was surrounded by a chromatin ring (FL-SN-CCs); or (2) developmentally incompetent mouse oocytes whose nucleolus was not surrounded by a chromatin ring (FL-NSN-CCs). Denuded, fully grown oocytes (DOs) were matured to the MII stage on either FL-SN-CCs or FL-NSN-CCs, inseminated with spermatozoa and cultured throughout preimplantation development. FL-SN-CCs significantly improved the acquisition of oocyte developmental competence, with a blastocyst development rate equal to that for maturation of intact cumulus–oocyte–complexes. In contrast, DOs matured on FL-NSN-CCs or in the absence of CCs exhibited developmental failure, with embryos arresting at either the 4-cell or morula stage. These results set a culture platform to further improve the protocols for the maturation of DOs and to unravel the molecules involved in the cross-talk between the gamete and its companion CCs during the germinal vesicle to MII transition.
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Lai, Xian Jin. "Actors-Network Analysis on Carbon Capture and Storage Technological Innovation System in China and the U.S." Applied Mechanics and Materials 248 (December 2012): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.248.331.
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Carbon capture and storage (CCS) provides important technological solutions to reduce CO2 emission at large scale for high emission countries. CCS technology is being shaped and developed within technological innovation system. The strength and composition of actor-networks in this system make a significant impact on CCS technology development. In order to facilitate the build-up of CCS innovation system, this study analyzes the actors-networks of CCS innovation system in China and the U.S, based on social-networks analysis. It is argued that there are huge differences between China and the U.S’s CCS innovation system. Therefore, the build-up of CCS innovation system in China should take characteristic approaches and policies to accelerate CCS development in the future.
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Schiavone, Marco, Alessio Gasperetti, Massimo Mancone, Aaron V. Kaplan, Cecilia Gobbi, Giosuè Mascioli, Mattia Busana, et al. "Redefining the Prognostic Value of High-Sensitivity Troponin in COVID-19 Patients: The Importance of Concomitant Coronary Artery Disease." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10 (October 12, 2020): 3263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103263.
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Background: Although studies assessing cardiovascular comorbidities and myocardial injury in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have been published, no reports focused on clinical outcomes of myocardial injury in patients with and without chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) are currently available. Methods: In this study, consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to four different institutions were screened for enrolment. Patients were divided into two groups (CCS vs. no-CCS). Association with in-hospital mortality and related predictors represented the main study outcome; myocardial injury and its predictors were deemed secondary outcomes. Results: A total of 674 COVID-19 patients were enrolled, 112 (16.6%) with an established history of CCS. Myocardial injury occurred in 43.8% patients with CCS vs. 14.4% patients without CCS, as confirmed by high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) elevation on admission or during hospitalization. The mortality rate in the CCS cohort was nearly three-fold higher. After adjusting for disease severity, myocardial injury resulted significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in the no-CCS group but not in CCS patients. Conclusions: Patients with CCS and COVID-19 showed high mortality rate. Myocardial injury may be a bystander in CCS patients and COVID-19, while in patients without known history of CCS, myocardial injury has a significant role in predicting poor outcomes.
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Costa, H. N., L. R. Molina, C. F. A. Lage, V. M. R. Malacco, E. J. Facury Filho, and A. Ú. Carvalho. "Estimativa das perdas de produção leiteira em vacas mestiças Holandês x Zebu com mastite subclínica baseada em duas metodologias de análise." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 69, no. 3 (June 2017): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9019.
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RESUMO Contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e produção de leite de vacas mestiças Holandês x Gir foram utilizadas para avaliação da perda de produção de leite estimada por duas metodologias, baseadas na CCS média da lactação total encerrada ou na CCS e nas pesagens de leite em diferentes estágios de lactação. Nas primíparas consideradas com mastite subclínica (CCS ≥ 200.000 células mL-1), a perda de produção na lactação total, avaliada pela CCS média da lactação, foi de 814kg. Para as multíparas, não houve diferença na produção de leite entre vacas com e sem MSC com base na CCS média da lactação. A estimativa avaliada por meio de testes mensais de CCS e pesagens de leite em diferentes estágios de lactação, balanceada pela prevalência de mastite subclínica do mês foi de 917,9kg para primíparas e 1178,9kg para multíparas. A contraposição da produção de leite com a CCS em diferentes estágios da lactação evidenciou maior perda de produção em relação à observação da CCS média da lactação. A perda de produção de leite de vacas baseada na CCS média de toda a lactação foi subestimada quando comparada à contraposição da produção de leite com CCS em diferentes estágios da lactação.
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Nayif Hasan, Abd Ali. "Patterns of English Consonant Clusters in E. M. Forster’s ‘‘The Road From Colonus’’." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 8, no. 6 (November 30, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.8n.6p.23.
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A consonant cluster (henceforth CC) is a combination of two or more consonants without a vowel between them. There can be initial, medial and final CCs. Additionally, there are initial CCs with medial or final ones, and medial CCs with final ones. To the best knowledge of the researcher, patterns of English consonant clusters in Forster’s ‘The Road from Colonus’’ has not been handled previously.The present study aims at analyzing CCs in such a short story and finding out patterns of such clusters. Those consonant sequences are statistically investigated in order to show their most prominent patterns and their frequency. Accordingly, it can be hypothesised that medial patterns of CCs are more prominent and commonly used than initial and final ones whereas the frequency of final patterns of CCs is higher than that of initial and medial ones. The results of analyzing CCs in the short story under investigation indicate that there are (31) patterns of two and three – initial CCs whose frequency is (335), (79) patterns of two, three and four – final CCs which are repeated (552) times and (122) patterns of two and three– medial CCs whose frequency is (355). Such results lead to the conclusions that medial patterns of CCs are more than initial and final ones but the frequency of the patterns of final CCs exceeds that of initial and medial ones.
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Nishimura, H., R. D. Johnson, and J. B. Munson. "Rescue of neuronal function by cross-regeneration of cutaneous afferents into muscle in cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 70, no. 1 (July 1, 1993): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.213.
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1. This study investigates the relation between the peripheral innervation of low-threshold cutaneous afferents and the postsynaptic potentials elicited by electrical stimulation of those afferents. 2. In cats deeply anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, cord dorsum potentials (CDPs) and postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in spinal motoneurons were elicited by stimulation of the caudal cutaneous sural nerve (CCS), the lateral cutaneous sural nerve (LCS), and the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle nerve. We tested 1) unoperated cats, and cats in which CCS has been 2) chronically axotomized and ligated, 3) cut and self-reunited, 4) cut and cross-united with LCS, or 5) cut and cross-united with the MG. Terminal experiments were performed 3-36 mo after initial surgery. 3. In cats in which the CCS had been self-reunited or cross-united distally with LCS, tactile stimulation of the hairy skin normally innervated by the distal nerve activated afferents in the CCS central to the coaptation, indicating that former CCS afferents had regenerated into native or foreign skin, respectively. 4. In cats in which the CCS had been cross-united distally with the MG, both stretch and contraction of the MG muscle activated the former CCS afferents. 5. In unoperated cats, CDPs elicited by stimulation of CCS and of LCS exhibited a low-threshold N1 wave and a higher-threshold N2 wave. These waves were greatly delayed and appeared to merge after chronic axotomy of CCS. Regeneration of CCS into itself, into LCS, or into MG restored the normal latencies and configurations of these potentials. 6. In unoperated cats, stimulation of CCS, of LCS, and of MG each produced PSPs of characteristic configurations in the various subpopulations of motoneurons of the triceps surae. CDPs and PSPs elicited by the CCS cross-regenerated into LCS or MG were typical of those generated by the normal CCS, i.e., there was no evidence of respecification of central synaptic connections to bring accord between center and periphery after cross-regeneration. 7. Chronic axotomy of CCS increased the latencies of PSPs from CCS; regeneration of CCS into the CCS, LCS, or MG restored normal latencies. 8. In summary, CDPs and PSPs in motoneurons from the cutaneous sensory nerve CCS are altered by chronic axotomy of CCS, thus indicating their target dependency. These alterations are restored by regeneration of CCS into not only a native or foreign cutaneous target, but also into skeletal muscle. We conclude that muscle as well as skin is capable of providing trophic support for cutaneous afferents.
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Saberi, Morteza, Omar Khadeer Hussain, and Elizabeth Chang. "Past, present and future of contact centers: a literature review." Business Process Management Journal 23, no. 3 (June 5, 2017): 574–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-02-2015-0018.
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Purpose Contact centers (CCs) are one of the main touch points of customers in an organization. They form one of the inputs to customer relationship management (CRM) to enable an organization to efficiently resolve customer queries. CCs have an important impact on customer satisfaction and are a strategic asset for CRM systems. The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature on CCs and identify their shortcomings to be addressed in the current digital age. Design/methodology/approach The current literature on CCs can be classified into the analytical and the managerial aspects of CCs. In the former, data mining, text mining, and voice recognition techniques are discussed, and in the latter, staff training, CC performance, and outsourced CCs are discussed. Findings With the growth of information and communication technologies, the information that CCs must handle both in terms of type and volume, has changed. To deal with such changes, CCs need to evolve in terms of their operation and public relations. The authors present a state-of-the-art review of the challenges in identifying the gaps in order to have the next generation of CCs. Lack of an interactive CC and lack of data integrity for CCs are highlighted as important issues that need to be dealt with properly by CCs. Originality/value As far as the authors know, this is the first paper that reviews CCs’ literature by providing the comprehensive survey, critical evaluation, and future research.
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Cabezas, C., M. Agúndez, N. Marcelino, B. Tercero, Y. Endo, R. Fuentetaja, J. R. Pardo, P. de Vicente, and J. Cernicharo. "Discovery of the elusive thioketenylium, HCCS+, in TMC-1." Astronomy & Astrophysics 657 (January 2022): L4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142815.
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We report the detection in TMC-1 of the cation HCCS+ (X̃ 3Σ−), which is the protonated form of the widespread radical CCS. This is the first time that a protonated radical has been detected in a cold dark cloud. Twenty-six hyperfine components from twelve rotational transitions have been observed with the Yebes 40 m and IRAM 30m radio telescopes. We confidently assign the characteristic rotational spectrum pattern to HCCS+ based on the good agreement between the astronomical and theoretical spectroscopic parameters. The column density of HCCS+ is (1.1 ± 0.1)×1012 cm−2, and the CCS/HCCS+ abundance ratio is 50 ± 10, which is very similar to that of CS/HCS+ (35 ± 8) and CCCS/HCCCS+ (65 ± 20). From a state-of-the-art gas-phase chemical model, we conclude that HCCS+ is mostly formed by reactions of proton transfer from abundant cations such as HCO+, H3O+, and H3+ to the radical CCS.
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Kuźma, Łukasz, Anna Tomaszuk-Kazberuk, Anna Kurasz, Sławomir Dobrzycki, Marek Koziński, Bożena Sobkowicz, and Gregory Y. H. Lip. "Predicting Mortality in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Obstructive Chronic Coronary Syndrome: The Bialystok Coronary Project." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 4949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10214949.
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Over the next decades, the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is estimated to double. Our aim was to investigate the causes of the long-term mortality in relation to the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). The analysed population consisted of 7367 consecutive patients referred for elective coronary angiography enrolled in a large single-centre retrospective registry, out of whom 1484 had AF and 2881 were diagnosed with obstructive CCS. During follow-up (median = 2029 days), 1201 patients died. The highest all-cause death was seen in AF(+)/CCS(+) [194/527; 36.8%], followed by AF(+)/CCS(−) [210/957; 21.9%], AF(−)/CCS(+) [(459/2354; 19.5%)] subgroups. AF ([HR]AC = 1.48, 95%CI, 1.09–2.01; HRCV = 1.34, 95%CI, 1.07–1.68) and obstructive CCS (HRAC = 1.90, 95%CI, 1.56–2.31; HRCV = 2.27, 95%CI, 1.94–2.65) together with age, male gender, heart failure, obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes were predictors of both all-cause and CV mortality. The main findings are as follow among patients referred for elective coronary angiography, both AF and obstructive CCS are strong and independent predictors of the long-term mortality. Mortality of AF without CCS was at least as high as non-AF patients with CCS. CV deaths were more frequent than non-CV deaths in AF patients with CCS compared to those with either AF or CCS alone.
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Collery, Mark M., Davida S. Smyth, Jane M. Twohig, Anna C. Shore, David C. Coleman, and Cyril J. Smyth. "Molecular typing of nasal carriage isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from an Irish university student population based on toxin gene PCR, agr locus types and multiple locus, variable number tandem repeat analysis." Journal of Medical Microbiology 57, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47734-0.
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Forty-eight Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from a young, healthy, Irish university student population from 1995 to 2004 were screened for 16 enterotoxin (SE) and enterotoxin-like (SEl) genes (sea–see, seg–sei, selj–selo, selq, selu), and for the toxic shock toxin syndrome toxin-1 gene, tst. All of the isolates harboured at least one SE or SEl gene and 66.7 % possessed a classical SE gene (sea, seb, sec), the commonest being the seb gene. Most of the isolates (85.4 %) had a complete egc locus (selo, selm, sei, seln, seg). The intergenic sei–seln region of the egc locus was typed by PCR-RFLP in 34 isolates, 15 possessing pseudogenes ψent1 and ψent2 and 19 having the selu gene. The seh and sell genes, the selk–selq gene combination, and the tst gene were each found in <15 % of isolates. The agr genotype distribution was agr type III, 37.5 %; agr type I, 35.4 %; agr type II, 25 %; and agr type IV, 2.1 %. There was no association between SE–SEl genotype and agr type. All tst gene-positive isolates were of agr type III and harboured a classical SE gene. Multiple locus, variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) produced 47 different patterns. While the sdr locus was present in all isolates, half of them lacked one or two of the sdr gene amplimers. Twenty isolates harboured the bbp gene, its presence being associated with agr type III, but not with the SE–SEl gene profile. The agr types of isolates were associated with MLVA subclusters. Selective MLST analysis revealed seven novel sequence types and a new aroE allele. Five clonal clusters (CCs), including CCs comprising major pandemic clones CC30, CC5 and CC22 and minor lineages CC6 and CC9, and three singletons were identified.
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Senok, Abiola, Rania Nassar, Handan Celiloglu, Anju Nabi, Mubarak Alfaresi, Stefan Weber, Irfan Rizvi, et al. "Genotyping of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the United Arab Emirates." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (October 29, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75565-w.
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Abstract Reports from Arabian Gulf countries have demonstrated emergence of novel methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. To address the lack of data from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), genetic characterisation of MRSA identified between December 2017 and August 2019 was conducted using DNA microarray-based assays. The 625 MRSA isolates studied were grouped into 23 clonal complexes (CCs) and assigned to 103 strains. CC5, CC6, CC22 and CC30 represented 54.2% (n/N = 339/625) of isolates with other common CCs being CC1, CC8, CC772, CC361, CC80, CC88. Emergence of CC398 MRSA, CC5-MRSA-IV Sri Lanka Clone and ST5/ST225-MRSA-II, Rhine-Hesse EMRSA/New York-Japan Clone in our setting was detected. Variants of pandemic CC8-MRSA-[IVa + ACME I] (PVL+) USA300 were detected and majority of CC772 strains were CC772-MRSA-V (PVL+), “Bengal- Bay Clone”. Novel MRSA strains identified include CC5-MRSA-V (edinA+), CC5-MRSA-[VT + fusC], CC5-MRSA-IVa (tst1+), CC5-MRSA-[V/VT + cas + fusC + ccrA/B-1], CC8-MRSA-V/VT, CC22-MRSA-[IV + fusC + ccrAA/(C)], CC45-MRSA-[IV + fusC + tir], CC80-MRSA-IVa, CC121-MRSA-V/VT, CC152-MRSA-[V + fusC] (PVL+). Although several strains harboured SCC-borne fusidic acid resistance (fusC) (n = 181), erythromycin/clindamycin resistance (ermC) (n = 132) and gentamicin resistance (aacA-aphD) (n = 179) genes, none harboured vancomycin resistance genes while mupirocin resistance gene mupR (n = 2) and cfr gene (n = 1) were rare. An extensive MRSA repertoire including CCs previously unreported in the region and novel strains which probably arose locally suggest an evolving MRSA landscape.
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Torres-Santos, Paula Talita, Ila Ferreira Farias, Gleisiane dos Santos Passos, Mainara Dias Almeida, and Mauricio Claudio Horta. "AVALIAÇÃO IN VITRO DA RESISTÊNCIA DO CARRAPATO Rhipicephalus microplus A DIFERENTES CARRAPATICIDAS." Veterinária e Zootecnia 28 (August 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2021.v28.550.
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O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a eficácia de nove carrapaticidas comerciais (CC) de diferentes marcas, formulados com diferentes princípios ativos sendo amitraz (CC4, CC8, CC9), cipermetrina (CC1, CC2, CC5, CC6), deltametrina (CC3) e associações com cipermetrina, clorpirifós e citronela (CC7); frente ao carrapato bovino Rhipicephalus microplus. Fêmeas ingurgitadas foram coletadas de bovinos naturalmente infestados no município de Campo Formoso, BA, para criação e manutenção de uma colônia em laboratório. Carrapatos adultos da colônia foram utilizados para realização do teste de imersão de adultos, no qual foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: inibição da oviposição (%IO), índice de eficiência reprodutiva (%IRE), eficiência reprodutiva (%ER) e eficácia (%EF). Os princípios ativos testados apresentaram variações na intensidade para os parâmetros analisados. Cipermetrina (CC1, CC2), deltametrina (CC3) e amitraz (CC4) apresentaram o maior percentual de eficácia, com uma variação entre 97,6% e 99,9%. Em contrapartida o amitraz (CC9) foi o que demonstrou o menor efeito (43,5%) contra os carrapatos testados. Verificou-se a presença de uma população de carrapatos multirresistente a diferentes princípios ativos na região estudada, bem como a diferentes marcas comerciais testadas, com níveis variados de susceptibilidade às bases químicas dos carrapaticidas testados, podendo estar relacionada à qualidade do produto comercial utilizado.
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Papić, Bojan, Mateja Pate, Benjamin Félix, and Darja Kušar. "Genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes strains in ruminant abortion and rhombencephalitis cases in comparison with the natural environment." BMC Microbiology 19, no. 1 (December 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-019-1676-3.
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Abstract Background Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, a serious disease affecting both animals and humans. Here, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to characterize the genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from the natural environment and animal clinical cases in Europe. The prevalence of clonal complexes (CCs) obtained was compared according to (i) the origin of isolation – clinical cases vs. natural environment – and (ii) the clinical form of animal listeriosis – rhombencephalitis vs. abortion. To this aim, two datasets were constructed. The clinical dataset consisted of 350 animal clinical isolates originating from France and Slovenia and supplemented with isolates from Switzerland and Great Britain. The natural environment dataset consisted of 253 isolates from the natural environment originating from Slovenia and supplemented with isolates from nine other European countries. Results For the clinical cases, CC1, CC4-CC217 and CC412 were the most prevalent in rhombencephalitis and CC1, CC37 and CC4-CC217 in abortion. The hypervirulent CC1 and CC4-CC217 prevailed in both datasets. These results indicated that livestock is constantly exposed to hypervirulent CCs. CC1 was significantly associated with a clinical origin, whereas CC9, CC29 and CC14 were associated with the natural environment. CC1 was predominant among rhombencephalitis cases both in cattle and small ruminants, and its prevalence did not differ significantly between these two groups. A novel association of CC37 and CC6 with abortion cases was revealed. Conclusions Here, we show that CC1 and CC4-CC217 are prevalent in isolates of environmental and animal clinical origin, suggesting that ruminants are frequently exposed to hypervirulent CCs. The presence of CC4 in two mastitis cases calls for further attention due to direct threat to the consumer. We showed several associations between CCs and the origin of isolation or clinical form of listeriosis, e.g. CC37 and CC6 with abortion. This study improves our understanding of the population structure of L. monocytogenes isolates from the natural environment and animal clinical cases. Moreover, it provides a basis for future studies aiming to determine the underlying mechanisms of phenotypic traits of interest.
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Lv, Guoping, Ruiping Jiang, Han Zhang, Lei Wang, Lijie Li, Weili Gao, Hong Zhang, et al. "Molecular Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus From Food Samples and Food Poisoning Outbreaks in Shijiazhuang, China." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (June 22, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.652276.
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As an opportunistic pathogen worldwide, Staphylococcus aureus can cause food poisoning and human infections. This study investigated the sequence typing, the penicillin (blaZ) and methicillin (mec) resistance profiles of S. aureus from food samples and food poisoning outbreaks in Shijiazhuang City, and the staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) types of the S. aureus isolates from food poisoning. A total of 138 foodborne S. aureus isolates were distributed into 8 clonal complexes (CCs) and 12 singletons. CC1, CC5, CC8, CC15, CC97, CC59, CC398, CC88, and CC7 were the predominant CCs of foodborne S. aureus isolates. Moreover, CC59, CC15, and CC5 were the most prevalent CCs in food poisoning outbreaks. SEE was the most commonly detected SE in food poisoning isolates. One hundred thirty-three S. aureus isolates harbored the penicillin-resistant gene blaZ, and nine isolates carried the mec gene. The present study further explained the relationship between S. aureus and foods and food poisoning and indicated the potential risk of S. aureus infection.
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Shi, Dawei, Tanveer Muhammad Anwar, Hang Pan, Wenqin Chai, Sihong Xu, and Min Yue. "Genomic Determinants of Pathogenicity and Antimicrobial Resistance for 60 Global Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Responsible for Invasive Infections." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 11 (October 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.718840.
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Listeria monocytogenes remains a significant public health threat, causing invasive listeriosis manifested as septicemia, meningitis, and abortion, with up to 30% of cases having a fatal outcome. Tracking the spread of invasive listeriosis requires an updated knowledge for virulence factors (VFs) and antimicrobial resistance features, which is an essential step toward its clinical diagnosis and treatment. Taking advantage of high-throughput genomic sequencing, we proposed that the differential genes based on the pathogenomic composition could be used to evaluate clinical observations and therapeutic options for listeriosis. Here, we performed the comparative genomic analysis of 60 strains from five continents with a diverse range of sources, representing serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b, comprising lineage I and lineage II and including 13 newly contributed Chinese isolates from clinical cases. These strains were associated with globally distributed clonal groups linked with confirmed foodborne listeriosis outbreak and sporadic cases. We found that L. monocytogenes strains from clonal complex (CC) CC8, CC7, CC9, and CC415 carried most of the adherence and invasive genes. Conversely, CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6 have the least number of adherence and invasive genes. Additionally, Listeria pathogenicity island-1 (LIPI-1), LIPI-2, intracellular survival, surface anchoring, and bile salt resistance genes were detected in all isolates. Importantly, LIPI-3 genes were harbored in CC3, CC224, and ST619 of the Chinese isolates and in CC1, CC4, and CC6 of other worldwide isolates. Notably, Chinese isolates belonging to CC14 carried antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) against β-lactams (blaTEM-101, blaTEM-105) and macrolide (ermC-15), whereas CC7 and CC8 isolates harbored ARGs against aminoglycoside (aadA10_2, aadA6_1), which may pose a threat to therapeutic efficacy. Phylogenomic analysis showed that CC8, CC7, and CC5 of Chinese isolates, CC8 (Swiss and Italian isolates), and CC5 and CC7 (Canadian isolates) are closely clustered together and belonged to the same CC. Additionally, CC381 and CC29 of Chinese isolates shared the same genomic pattern as CC26 of Swiss isolate and CC37 of Canadian isolate, respectively, indicating strong phylogenomic relation between these isolates. Collectively, this study highlights considerable clonal diversity with well-recognized virulence and antimicrobial-resistant determinants among Chinese and worldwide isolates that stress to design improved strategies for clinical therapies.
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Quijada, Pearl, Hazel T. Salunga, Nirmala Hariharan, Jonathan Cubillo, Farid El-Sayed, Maryam Moshref, Kristin M. Bala, et al. "Abstract 16: Enhancing Myocardial Repair With CardioChimeras." Circulation Research 117, suppl_1 (July 17, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/res.117.suppl_1.16.
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Dual cell transplantation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after infarction enhances myocardial repair and performance in large animal models relative to delivery of either cell population individually. However, a single stem cell to support both direct and indirect mechanisms of myocardial repair has yet to be identified. CardioChimeras (CCs), a progenitor cell formed by fusion between CPCs and MSCs were analysed for reparative potential after myocardial infarction (MI) relative to individual parents cell or combined parent cell delivery. Two representative CCs, CardioChimera 1 (CC1) and CardioChimera 2 (CC2) were used for this study. CC1 and CC2 improved left ventricular anterior wall thickness (AWT) at 4 weeks, but only CC1 treatment preserved AWT at 18 weeks relative to no cell treatment (PBS). Ejection fraction was enhanced at 6 weeks post injury in CC1 and CC2 groups, which was maintained in CC1, CC2 and CPC + MSC combined groups up to 18 weeks. Infarct size was decreased by 5% in CC1 and CC2 hearts, whereas CPC + MSC and CPC parent groups remained unchanged when comparing 4 to 12 week change in scar size. MSC and PBS groups displayed marked increases in infarct size (10-15%). CC1 and CC2 showed enhanced engraftment potential by 3-fold relative to CPC + MSC and CPC hearts. In contrast, MSCs were detected at low levels (0.04%). CC1 and CC2 discovered within the myocardium expressed early commitment marker cardiac troponin T relative to controls. CC1 and CC2 treatment increased capillary density within the infarct, indicating that cell persistence facilitates paracrine mediated vasculature stabilization and/or formation. CCs merge the application of distinct cells into a single entity for cellular therapeutic intervention in the progression of heart failure. CCs represent a tractable cellular system that improves upon combinatorial cell therapy approaches and supports myocardial regeneration.
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Acciari, VA, I. Del Matto, S. Antoci, V. Di Marzio, M. Torresi, L. Iannetti, C. Marfoglia, G. Centorotola, and F. Pomilio. "Genomic persistence of Listeria monocytogenes strains in dairy and meat processing plants in Italy." European Journal of Public Health 31, Supplement_3 (October 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.280.
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Abstract Background Persistence of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in food processing plants (FPP) is still considered the major source of food contamination during processing. Correlations among different Lm strains and evaluation of the isolates persistence in FPP environments is an essential tool to improve food safety. The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic characteristics of persistent Lm strains (e.g. Metal and Detergent Resistance, SSIs and genomic island). Methods Totally 221 strains isolated from 10 FPP in the Abruzzo and Molise regions, Italy, were enrolled (4 of dairy products FPP - DP - and 6 of meat products FPP - MP). Sampling was performed in 6 sessions, from March 2017 to May 2018. Strains were sequenced using Illumina platform. The CCs, cgMLST analysis and Metal and Detergent Resistance, SSIs and genomic island (GI) detection was carried using the Pasteur scheme. Results Results returned 13 CCs and 2 singletons. cgMLST clustering showed two persistent clusters DP and 9 clusters in MP. In DP CC3 and CC9 were persistent. While in MP CC5, CC8, CC9, CC37, CC121 and CC155. The presence of SSI-1, was detected in 100% of the persistent strains from DP and 80% from MP, in particular in all strains of CC155, CC5, CC8 and CC9. In CC121 and CC37 it was absent. The presence of loci of Lm GI3, was in 100% of persistent strains of DP and in 52.3% of MP plant, in particular in 100% of CC121, CC8, CC5 and 16.3% of CC9. The 100% of CC121 in DP and MP plant harboured Tn6188 and SSI-2. The inlA PMSC mutations were detected in 100% of CC9 and CC121 strains. Conclusions The persistence of strains inside FPP was confirmed using NGS data, most of the strains were characterised by the presence of genes involved in resistance and adaptation. NGS is confirmed to be a powerful tool to study Lm persistence in FPP, looking also at strains' ecology. Key messages Most of persistent strains showed genes involved in resistance and adaptation in the food processing environment. NGS could help in facing Lm persistence in food producing plants giving new insights on the genomic characteristics of persistent strains.
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Kubicová, Zuzana, Sophie Roussel, Benjamin Félix, and Lenka Cabanová. "Genomic Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates From Slovakia (2010 to 2020)." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (November 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.729050.
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Over the past 11 years, the Slovak National Reference Laboratory has collected a panel of 988 Listeria monocytogenes isolates in Slovakia, which were isolated from various food sectors (61%), food-processing environments (13.7%), animals with listeriosis symptoms (21.2%), and human cases (4.1%). We serotyped these isolates by agglutination method, which revealed the highest prevalence (61.1%) of serotype 1/2a and the lowest (4.7%) of serotype 1/2c, although these represented the majority of isolates from the meat sector. The distribution of CCs analyzed on 176 isolates demonstrated that CC11-ST451 (15.3%) was the most prevalent CC, particularly in food (14.8%) and animal isolates (17.5%). CC11-ST451, followed by CC7, CC14, and CC37, were the most prevalent CCs in the milk sector, and CC9 and CC8 in the meat sector. CC11-ST451 is probably widely distributed in Slovakia, mainly in the milk and dairy product sectors, posing a possible threat to public health. Potential persistence indication of CC9 was observed in one meat facility between 2014 and 2018, highlighting its general meat-related distribution and potential for persistence worldwide.
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Gao, Rui, and Jie Ren. "Zebrafish Models in Therapeutic Research of Cardiac Conduction Disease." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9 (August 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.731402.
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Malfunction in the cardiac conduction system (CCS) due to congenital anomalies or diseases can cause cardiac conduction disease (CCD), which results in disturbances in cardiac rhythm, leading to syncope and even sudden cardiac death. Insights into development of the CCS components, including pacemaker cardiomyocytes (CMs), atrioventricular node (AVN) and the ventricular conduction system (VCS), can shed light on the pathological and molecular mechanisms underlying CCD, provide approaches for generating human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived CCS cells, and thus improve therapeutic treatment for such a potentially life-threatening disorder of the heart. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling CCS development remain elusive. The zebrafish has become a valuable vertebrate model to investigate early development of CCS components because of its unique features such as external fertilization, embryonic optical transparency and the ability to survive even with severe cardiovascular defects during development. In this review, we highlight how the zebrafish has been utilized to dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CCS development, and how the evolutionarily conserved developmental mechanisms discovered in zebrafish could be applied to directing the creation of hPSC-derived CCS cells, therefore providing potential therapeutic strategies that may contribute to better treatment for CCD patients.
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Torresi, M., A. Rinaldi, G. Centorotola, M. Di Domenico, C. Cammà, A. Di Pasquale, F. Pomilio, and V. A. Acciari. "Listeria monocytogenes clones in Italian food products: virulence and environmental adaptation." European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_5 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.233.
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Abstract Background Food is the main source of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection. Lm is a highly heterogeneous species composed of hypervirulent and hypovirulent clones. Understanding the distribution of Lm clonal complexes (CCs) in different food categories has strong implications for risk assessment. The aim of this work was to analyse collection of Lm strains of National Reference Laboratory (NRL Lm) in order to assess link between genetic profile and matrices and the level of pathogenicity of circulating strains based on CCs. Methods NRL Lm database actually consists of 906 sequenced strains isolated in 10 years from 5 food compartments (meat, fish, dairy, vegetables and composite dishes). Epidata were analysed to remove redundant strains based on the same epidemiological description. After that, WGS data from 465 Lm strains were investigated. In silico MLST was defined and Roary 3.12.0 was used to obtain a pan-genome profile. Genes were later uploaded to Pasteur Institute platform for characterization. Results In silico MLST identified 36 CCs and 6 singleton. CC9 (23.0%), CC8 (15.3%) and CC121 (13.3%) were the prevalent CCs. In particular, CC9 was present in 35.2% of meat samples and CC8 in 25.8% of fish samples. Pan genome profile revealed high prevalence (>98%) of genes related to biofilm formation and resistance to environmental stress in CC9 strains and genes involved in tolerance to quaternary ammonium compounds in CC121 strains. Conclusions Results, in particular for meat products, confirmed in Italy, the prevalence of hypovirulent Lm strains previously observed at European Union level. The high presence of stress resistance and disinfectant tolerance genes in these strains could make them able to persist in food-production environment and should be taken into account evaluating the health hazards. In fish product is also relevant the prevalence of CC8 strains which are potentially highly pathogenic and have been responsible of recent European multi country outbreak. Key messages Pangenome of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from Italian food revealed high presence of disinfectant tolerance and stress resistance genes in meat products and virulence genes in fish products. Listeria monocytogenes CC9 and CC121 prevalence in Italian meat product confirms occurrence of hypovirulent strains detected at European Union level.