Journal articles on the topic 'CCII BLOCK'
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SALEM, SAMIR BEN, DORRA SELLAMI MASMOUDI, and MOURAD LOULOU. "A NOVEL CCII-BASED TUNABLE INDUCTANCE AND HIGH FREQUENCY CURRENT-MODE BAND PASS FILTER APPLICATION." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 15, no. 06 (December 2006): 849–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126606003386.
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In this paper, we introduce an implementation of a CCII-based grounded inductance operating in class AB. In order to get tunable characteristics of the design, a translinear CCII configuration is used as a basic block for its high level of controllability. A frequency characterization of the translinear CCII is done. In order to optimize its static and dynamic characteristics, an algorithmic driven methodology is developed ending to the optimal transistor geometries. The optimized CCII has a current bandwidth of 1.28 GHz and a voltage bandwidth of 5.48 GHz. It is applied in the simulated inductance design. We first consider the conventional topology of the grounded inductance based on the generalized impedance converter principle. Making use of the controllable series parasitic resistance at port X in translinear CCII, we design tunable characteristics of the inductance. The effect of current conveyor's nonidealities has been taken into account. A compensation strategy has been presented. It is based on the insertion of a high active CCII-based negative resistance and a very low passive resistance. The compensation strategy does not affect the inductance tuning process. Simulation results show that the proposed inductance can be tuned in the range [0.025 μH; 15.4 μH]. The simulated inductance has been applied in a fully integrated tunable high frequency band pass filter to illustrate the versatility of the circuit. The filter is electrically tunable by controlling the conveyor's bias current.
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Cabeza, Rafael, Alfonso Carlosena, and Arie Arbel. "Use of a CCII — as a universal building block." Microelectronics Journal 28, no. 5 (June 1997): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-2692(96)00100-0.
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SOLIMAN, AHMED M. "HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF THE TOW–THOMAS BIQUADRATIC FILTER PART II: OTRA, CCII, AND DVCC REALIZATIONS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 17, no. 05 (October 2008): 797–826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126608004691.
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The realization of the Tow–Thomas (TT) circuit using the Operational Transresistance Amplifier (OTRA) is reviewed. The circuit employs two OTRA, and all passive elements are floating as the original Tow–Thomas circuit. The Current Conveyor (CCII) TT circuits are reviewed next. The progress in the realization of the TT circuit using CCII is demonstrated clearly by summarizing eight different circuits. One of the circuits has the advantage of very high input impedance using all grounded resistors and capacitors. The Differential Voltage Current Conveyor (DVCC) as the active building block in realizing the TT circuit is also considered. Finally, current mode TT circuits using balanced output CCII are summarized. Top Spice (level 49), simulation results using technology SCN 05 feature size 0.5 μm from MOSIS vendor: AGILENT are included to demonstrate the magnitude and phase frequency response of the TT circuits. Additional simulation results for the total power dissipation, total harmonic distortion, intermodulation IM3, input and output referred noise spectral densities are also included for comparison purposes.
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Scarsella, Massimo, Gianluca Barile, Vincenzo Stornelli, Leila Safari, and Giuseppe Ferri. "A Survey on Current-Mode Interfaces for Bio Signals and Sensors." Sensors 23, no. 6 (March 16, 2023): 3194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063194.
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In this study, a review of second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) and current conveyor (CCII) circuits for the conditioning of bio signals and sensors is presented. The CCII is the most known current-mode active block, able to overcome some of the limitations of the classical operational amplifier, which provides an output current instead of a voltage. The VCII is nothing more than the dual of the CCII, and for this reason it enjoys almost all the properties of the CCII but also provides an easy-to-read voltage as an output signal. A broad set of solutions for relevant sensors and biosensors employed in biomedical applications is considered. This ranges from the widespread resistive and capacitive electrochemical biosensors now used in glucose and cholesterol meters and in oximetry to more specific sensors such as ISFETs, SiPMs, and ultrasonic sensors, which are finding increasing applications. This paper also discusses the main benefits of this current-mode approach over the classical voltage-mode approach in the realization of readout circuits that can be used as electronic interfaces for different types of biosensors, including higher circuit simplicity, better low-noise and/or high-speed performance, and lower signal distortion and power consumption.
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GHALLAB, YEHYA H., WAEL BADAWY, MOHAMED ABOU EL-ELA, and MOHAMED H. EL-SAID. "THE OPERATIONAL FLOATING CURRENT CONVEYOR AND ITS APPLICATIONS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 15, no. 03 (June 2006): 351–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126606003118.
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A five-port general-purpose analog building block, termed as an Operational Floating Current Conveyor (OFCC), is described. The OFCC combines the features of current feedback operational amplifier, second-generation current conveyor and operational floating conveyor. An implementation scheme of the OFCC is described and its terminal operational characteristics are used to yield a working device. The OFCC is then used as a single block to realize the current conveyors (CCII+ and CCII-) as well as the four basic amplifiers (i.e., voltage, current, transconductance, and transresistance amplifiers). The applications of the OFCC are presented and discussed. In the field of the analog filter synthesis, we proposed a new active universal second order filter using OFCC. It has three inputs and one output employing two OFCC, two capacitors and three resistors and can realize lowpass, bandpass, highpass, notch, and all pass filters from the same configuration. The proposed universal filters offer the following advantageous features: using active elements for the same type (OFCC). No requirement for component matching or cancellation constraints, which makes the filter easier to design, orthogonal adjustment of ω0 and Q and the circuits have low sensitivity. The simulation and experimental results are obtained and discussed.
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SHAKTOUR, MAHMOUD AHMED, FATHI OMAR ABUBRIG, and AlAA YOUSEF OKASHA. "A NEW CMOS DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CURRENT CONVEYOR SECOND GENERATION (CCII)." مجلة الجامعة الأسمرية: العلوم التطبيقية 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.59743/aujas.v2i2.1109.
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This paper describes the current conveyors used as a basic building block in a variety of electronic circuit in instrumentation and communication systems. Today thesesystems are replacing the conventional Op-amp in so many applications such as active filters, analog signal processing. Current conveyors are unity gain active building block having high linearity, wide dynamic range and provide higher gain bandwidthThe proposed current conveyors are simulated using TSMC 0.18μm CMOS technology on Advanced Design System and the results are also tabulated for comparison. The main features of these current conveyors are low voltage, less power, high slew rate and wide bandwidth for voltage transfer (Vy to Vx) and current transfer (Ix to Iz) which make them suitable for high frequency and low power applications.
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De Marcellis, A., G. Ferri, N. C. Guerrini, G. Scotti, V. Stornelli, and A. Trifiletti. "The VCG-CCII: a novel building block and its application to capacitance multiplication." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 58, no. 1 (August 15, 2008): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-008-9213-6.
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SOLIMAN, AHMED M. "ADJOINT NETWORK THEOREM AND FLOATING ELEMENTS IN THE NAM." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 18, no. 03 (May 2009): 597–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126609005307.
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Although the adjoint network theorem preserves all the circuit properties it does not, however, guarantee that the floating property of an element is maintained. In other words, the adjoint of a floating element may not be floating and vice-versa a nonfloating element may have an adjoint floating element as will be explained in this paper. An important and new property of the Nodal Admittance Matrix (NAM) is that it can identify any element as a floating or nonfloating. The four floating basic building blocks including the nullor are tabulated. It is shown that the nullor and the Voltage Mirror (VM)–Current Mirror (CM) pair are self adjoint. The other two floating elements namely Nullator–CM pair and the VM–Norator pair are adjoint to each other. The NAM of the Op Amp family and Current Conveyor (CCII) family are also given. Two examples are given demonstrating the generation of two families of CCII filters from two known two-CCII filter circuits with demonstration of the floatation property in each of the two filters. Although the paper has a tutorial nature it also includes new important results.
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Sharifipoor, Ozra, and Arash Ahmadi. "An analog implementation of biologically plausible neurons using CCII building blocks." Neural Networks 36 (December 2012): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2012.08.017.
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Soleimani, Hamid, Arash Ahmadi, Mohammad Bavandpour, and Ozra Sharifipoor. "A generalized analog implementation of piecewise linear neuron models using CCII building blocks." Neural Networks 51 (March 2014): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2013.12.004.
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Ma, Jun, and Da Ming Wang. "A New Low Complexity Uplink Multiuser MIMO Detecting Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 3866–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.3866.
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In multiuser MIMO uplink communications, it is necessary to design linear schemes that are able to suppress co-channel interferences (CCIs). In this paper, we propose a linear block QR decomposition (BQRD) which transforms the multiuser channel to a block upper triangular structure based on Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization and can obtain more diversity gain than traditional BD. And a optimal ordering criterion is proposed at last to do full study of BQRD scheme. Simulation results show that the BQRD with the optimal ordering proposed achieves much better performance than the non-ordering one.
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Soliman, Ahmed M. "The CCII+ and the ICCII as basic building blocks in low-pass filter realizations." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 36, no. 4 (2008): 493–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.442.
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KIM, KYUNG-SAENG, and KWYRO LEE. "LOW-POWER 2D MOTION ESTIMATION ARCHITECTURE WITH COMPLEMENTARY EMBEDDED MEMORY BANKS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 10, no. 05n06 (October 2000): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126600000184.
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This letter describes a motion estimation architecture with complementary access types of memory banks, one for column vector access and the other for row vector access. It handles 2D image very efficiently for full-search block matching algorithm and maximizes a useful data transfer rate by reducing the overhead clocks for extra data reading and alignment. The results show that power saving is improved by using complementary access types of memory banks and amounts to 27.3% when the full-search block matching algorithm is applied for the CCIR-601 format compared to an identical design without the proposed enhancements.
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Šotner, Roman, Josef Slezák, Tomáš Dostál, and Jiří Petržela. "Universal Tunable Current-Mode Biquad Employing Distributed Feedback Structure with MO-CCCII." Journal of Electrical Engineering 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-010-0007-6.
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Universal Tunable Current-Mode Biquad Employing Distributed Feedback Structure with MO-CCCIIOne possible application of the multiple-output electronically-tunable active building block as a universal filter with distributed feedback structure is presented. The suggested structure is less conventional than the well-known state-variable Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb but allows the same filter configurations with the similar properties. The major current-mode design approach disadvantage,ie, the necessity of multiple current outputs, is demonstrated. To date even a rather big line of the commercially available devices do not solve this problem. Some features of the active block used for modelling and transistor-level simulation are briefly discussed. The obvious chance for electronic tuning of the proposed filter is verified.
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Maheshwari, Sudhanshu, and Deepak Agrawal. "Cascadable and Tunable Analog Building Blocks Using EX-CCCII." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 06 (March 5, 2017): 1750093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617500931.
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A new cascadable voltage-input, current-output first-order all-pass filter and its applications in second-order filter and oscillator are presented. The proposed circuit employs a single active element namely extra-X current-controlled current conveyor (EX-CCCII) and only a single grounded capacitor. The circuit exhibits high input and high output impedances, so that the filter can be cascaded without additional buffers. The pole frequency is electronically tunable and the circuit requires no component matching constraints. Effects of nonidealities and parasitics are also discussed. As applications, a second-order transadmittance (TA)-mode all-pass filter and a quadrature oscillator are also realized using the proposed voltage-input, current-output first-order all-pass filter. These examples validate easy cascading feature of the proposed circuit. The validity of the proposed circuit is verified through PSPICE simulations using 0.25[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m parameters with a supply voltage of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V.
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Said, Lobna A., Ahmed G. Radwan, Ahmed H. Madian, and Ahmed M. Soliman. "Three Fractional-Order-Capacitors-Based Oscillators with Controllable Phase and Frequency." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 10 (April 4, 2017): 1750160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617501602.
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This paper presents a generalization of six well-known quadrature third-order oscillators into the fractional-order domain. The generalization process involves replacement of three integer-order capacitors with fractional-order ones. The employment of fractional-order capacitors allows a complete tunability of oscillator frequency and phase. The presented oscillators are implemented with three active building blocks which are op-amp, current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) and second generation current conveyor (CCII). The general state matrix, oscillation frequency and condition are deduced in terms of the fractional-order parameters. The extra degree of freedom provided by the fractional-order elements increases the design flexibility. Eight special cases including the integer case are illustrated with their numerical discussions. Three different phases are produced with fixed sum of [Formula: see text] which can be completely controlled by fractional-order elements. A general design procedure is introduced to design an oscillator with a specific phase and frequency. Two general design cases are discussed based on exploiting the degrees of freedom introduced by the fractional order to obtain the required design. Spice circuit simulations with experimental results for some special cases are presented to validate the theoretical findings.
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Tan, Zebin, Yong Zuo, Hongwei Cao, and Jiahao Huang. "Design of Smart Card Chip Reader Based on STM32." Journal of Networking and Telecommunications 2, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/jnt.v2i1.838.
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<p>This paper designs a smart card chip reader based on STM32, and gives a block diagram of the overall design of the system. It introduces the design of the peripheral hardware circuit of the main control chip STM32F103CBT6 and the RF processing chip THM3070, and the format of data communication between each part and flow chart. The communication between the host computer and the reader adopts the USB CCID protocol, which supports the USB full-speed communication rate of 12Mbps, improves the interrupt response, and overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional serial port-based readers with low communication speed and poor interrupt response. At the same time, it realizes data interaction with the PC/SC standard PC application and has better versatility</p>
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Pandiev, Ivaylo. "Design and Implementation of Self-Limiting Two-Stage LC Oscillators Using Cascade Structure of Monolithic CCIIs as Active Elements." Energies 16, no. 17 (August 27, 2023): 6226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16176226.
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This paper presents the structure and principle of operation of two circuit configurations of self-limiting LC oscillators using monolithic positive second-generation current conveyors (CCII+s), that are implemented using Current-Feedback Operational Amplifiers (CFOAs) with an available compensation pin (Z). The proposed LC oscillators are synthesized using a systematic approach in the design of analog electronic circuits and can be considered as variants of the basic three-point oscillators, implemented using transistors (BJTs or FETs). Based on the analysis of the structure and electrical parameters of the CFOAs with a compensation pin (Z), electronic circuits of oscillators with two-stage amplifier blocks are synthesized. The characteristic equations and self-oscillation conditions are derived for the obtained analog circuits, and recommendations for designing circuits with arbitrary frequencies are defined. To verify the efficiency of the proposed LC oscillators, an experimental study is performed in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 10 MHz. The CFOAs AD844A with an external terminal z of the internal current conveyor are used as active elements. The obtained experimental results well match the results of the simulation modelling and the parameters based on the derived analytical expressions. The developed LC oscillators are intended to be used in schematic configurations of gas sensors based on surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators.
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Thitimahatthanagusol, Phatsagul, Charinsak Saetiaw, Thanaset Thosdeekoraphat, Chanchai Thongsopa, and Saksit Summart. "CCCIIs-Based First-Order All-Pass Filter and Quadrature Oscillators." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 06 (March 5, 2017): 1750094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617500943.
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This paper introduces a current-mode first-order all-pass filter (APF) and its application in quadrature oscillator (QO) based on CCCII. The proposed filter can provide inverting and noninverting all-pass functions with a same circuit topology, it uses two CCCIIs and one grounded capacitor. Moreover, the first-order all-pass filter was applied in current-mode sinusoidal quadrature oscillators with the design based on block diagrams. The introduced oscillators can provide four phase-quadrature signals which independently control the condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO). The proposed oscillators consist of three CCCIIs and two grounded capacitors. The proposed APF and QOs have high output impedance which can directly drive load without additional current buffer. In addition, they use only grounded capacitors which are very appropriate to future development into an integrated circuit. The results of PSPICE simulation program correspond to the theoretical analysis.
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Kajihara, Jun-ichi, Ye Guoji, Kazuo Kato, and Yasuo Suzuki. "Sulfatide, a Specific Sugar Ligand for L-Selectin, Blocks CCI4-induced Liver Inflammation in Rats." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 59, no. 1 (January 1995): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.155.
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Máximo, Cristina, Manuela Lageiro, Ana Duarte, Alberto Reis, and Maria Costa-Ferreira. "Different bioreactor configurations for the decolourisation of the azo dye reactive black 5 byGeotrichumsp. CCMI 1019." Biocatalysis and Biotransformation 22, no. 5-6 (December 2004): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10242420400024516.
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Guerard, Emily, Andrew B. Dodge, Jennifer G. Le-Rademacher, M. Margaret Kemeny, Michael Ojelabi, Mina S. Sedrak, Judith Hopkins, et al. "Electronic Geriatric Assessment: Is It Feasible in a Multi-Institutional Study That Included a Notable Proportion of Older African American Patients? (Alliance A171603)." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 5 (April 2021): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.20.00163.
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PURPOSE This study determined whether an electronic version of the geriatric assessment is feasible in a multi-institutional, diverse setting. METHODs Ten sites within the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology participated. Patients who had active cancer or a history of cancer and were 65 years of age or older were eligible. The geriatric assessment was completed with an electronic data capture system that had been loaded onto iPads. Feasibility was defined a priori as completion in at least 70% of patients either with or without help. To enhance racial diversity, the original sample size was later changed and augmented by 50% with the intention of increasing enrollment of older minority patients. RESULTS A total of one hundred fifty-four patients were registered with a median age of 72 years (range, 65-91 years). Forty-three (28%) identified themselves as African American or Black. One hundred forty-one patients (92%) completed the electronic geriatric assessment. Feasibility was observed across all subgroups, regardless of race, education, performance status, comorbidities, and cognition; 124 patients (81%) completed the geriatric assessment without help. Reasons for not completing the geriatric assessment are as follows: clinic visit did not occur (n = 6), no iPad connection to the Internet (n = 3), patient declined (n = 2), prolonged hospitalization (n = 1), and patient died (n = 1). Reasons for needing help, as reported by study personnel, were as follows: the patient preferred that research personnel ask the questions (n = 9), vision problem (n = 3), lack of comfort with the iPad (n = 2), questions were not clear (n = 1), less proficient in English (n = 1), and challenge in pressing the green button to go to the next question (n = 1). CONCLUSION The electronic geriatric assessment is feasible in a multi-institutional setting that includes a notable proportion of African American or Black patients.
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Oliwa, Tomasz, Steven B. Maron, Leah M. Chase, Samantha Lomnicki, Daniel V. T. Catenacci, Brian Furner, and Samuel L. Volchenboum. "Obtaining Knowledge in Pathology Reports Through a Natural Language Processing Approach With Classification, Named-Entity Recognition, and Relation-Extraction Heuristics." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 3 (December 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.19.00008.
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PURPOSE Robust institutional tumor banks depend on continuous sample curation or else subsequent biopsy or resection specimens are overlooked after initial enrollment. Curation automation is hindered by semistructured free-text clinical pathology notes, which complicate data abstraction. Our motivation is to develop a natural language processing method that dynamically identifies existing pathology specimen elements necessary for locating specimens for future use in a manner that can be re-implemented by other institutions. PATIENTS AND METHODS Pathology reports from patients with gastroesophageal cancer enrolled in The University of Chicago GI oncology tumor bank were used to train and validate a novel composite natural language processing-based pipeline with a supervised machine learning classification step to separate notes into internal (primary review) and external (consultation) reports; a named-entity recognition step to obtain label (accession number), location, date, and sublabels (block identifiers); and a results proofreading step. RESULTS We analyzed 188 pathology reports, including 82 internal reports and 106 external consult reports, and successfully extracted named entities grouped as sample information (label, date, location). Our approach identified up to 24 additional unique samples in external consult notes that could have been overlooked. Our classification model obtained 100% accuracy on the basis of 10-fold cross-validation. Precision, recall, and F1 for class-specific named-entity recognition models show strong performance. CONCLUSION Through a combination of natural language processing and machine learning, we devised a re-implementable and automated approach that can accurately extract specimen attributes from semistructured pathology notes to dynamically populate a tumor registry.
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El-Refai, Sherif M., Joshua D. Brown, Susanne M. Arnold, Esther P. Black, Markos Leggas, and Jeffery C. Talbert. "Epidemiologic Analysis Along the Mevalonate Pathway Reveals Improved Cancer Survival in Patients Who Receive Statins Alone and in Combination With Bisphosphonates." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 1 (November 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.17.00010.
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Purpose Cohort studies report associations between statin use and improved survival in patients with cancer. We used pharmacoepidemiologic methods to evaluate the survival of patients with cancer who received statins alone or in ostensibly synergistic drug combinations. Materials and Methods Patients with cancer who were diagnosed from 2010 to 2013 were identified in a large health care claims database. The rate of all-cause death up to 1 year after diagnosis was compared by Cox proportional hazard regression. Sensitivity analyses included age stratification, statin type and intensity, and comparison with or without bisphosphonates and dipyridamole. Results Among 312,907 identified patients with cancer, treatment groups included statin users (n = 65,440), nonstatin users who received medications that block cholesterol absorption (n = 9,289), and nonusers (n = 226,007). Statin use before diagnosis was associated with improved overall survival compared with no treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.91) and specifically in patients with leukemia, lung, or renal cancers. Nonstatin users had increased overall survival compared with no treatment (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.85); when stratified, this difference held true only for pancreatic cancer and leukemia. No differences were observed between statin and nonstatin groups. Bisphosphonate use alone had no effect (n = 4,528), but patients who used both statins and bisphosphonates (n = 4,090) had increased survival compared with no treatment (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.81). The effect of the combination of dipyridamole and statin use (n = 651) was not significant compared with no treatment. Conclusion This study suggests that the combination of statins with drugs that affect isoprenylation, such as bisphosphonates, improves survival in patients with cancer. Consideration of pathway-specific pharmacology allows for hypotheses testing with the pharmacoepidemiologic approach. Prospective evaluation of these findings warrants clinical investigation and preclinical mechanistic studies.
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Shakirov, Z. S., К. S. Mamanazarova, A. G. Sherembetov, and N. S. Azimova. "Antifungal properties of rhizobacterial strains in relation to fungi of agricultural crops." Biosystems Diversity 30, no. 4 (November 3, 2022): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012242.
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On earth, pathogenic fungal infections are considered one of the most common crop problems, accounting for more than 80% of all plant diseases. The production of biologics and the fight against pathogens are highly relevant priorities. In this article, rhizosphere cultures isolated from wheat root tubers have been studied in detail for the development of pathogenic fungi. In the course of research, the inhibitory properties of rhizobacteria against common pathogenic fungi were studied. The main mechanism of antagonism is that bacteria directly affect phytopathogens or increase plant resistance to diseases by enhancing immunity. The antagonistic activity of rhizospheric microorganisms was studied and the level of their action was determined. It has been established that wheat rhizospheric bacteria Escherichia hermannii, Enterobacter cloacae and Rahnella aquatilis affect the development of pathogens that cause Alternaria and Fusarium wilt. In the experiments, 46 strains of rhizobacteria of the genus Enterobacter (strain E. cloacae CCIM1022), Rahnella (R. aquatilis CCIM1023), Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Escherichia were isolated and the effectiveness of their antifungal properties on the reproduction of pathogenic fungi was tested. Pathogenic fungi Alternaria, Fusarium, causing diseases of vegetable and melon crops, were isolated from host plants. It is noted that rhizobacteria have a negative impact and block the development of pure cultures of fungi isolated from tomatoes, zucchini, figs, melons, causing fungal diseases on cups. The 46 isolated and tested strains of rhizobacteria effectively inhibited the development of pathogenic fungi. Of these, Rahnella is the first bacterium studied for this purpose, and has been given great importance in experiments to block the development of Alternaria (A. alternata CCIM 1021). The causative agents of alternariosis are widely open. However, large-scale analysis of their presence and control of pathogens has always been difficult. In experiments to combat the pathogen in the laboratory, a new agent was used to spread nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
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Pho, Kelvin K., Rong Lu, Samantha Gates, Jennifer Cai, Donglu Xie, Yang Xie, Simon J. Craddock Lee, and David E. Gerber. "Mobile Device Applications for Electronic Patient Portals in Oncology." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 3 (December 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.18.00094.
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PURPOSE Mobile devices provide individuals with rapid and frequent access to electronic patient portals. We investigated how oncology patients use this technology to review test results and communicate with providers. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective study of patients enrolled in the MyChart electronic health portal associated with the Epic electronic medical record at the Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center from 2012 to 2017. We recorded type of portal access according to year and patient characteristics. Associations among patient characteristics and types of portal access were tested using Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, and linear Gaussian regression models. RESULTS Since the availability of a mobile device application in 2012, 2,524 patients with cancer accessed MyChart from a mobile device at least once, which accounted for 291,526 mobile log-ins. The number of patients with MyChart mobile application log-ins increased from 4% in 2012 to 13% in 2017 ( P = .004). Among these patients, the median proportion of log-ins that occurred through mobile device use increased from 22% to 72% during this time period ( P < .001). Mobile access occurred more frequently among younger ( P < .001), black ( P = .002), and Hispanic ( P = .004) patients. Since 2012, total portal log-in frequency increased approximately 110% among patients who used the mobile application compared with 25% among those who did not use the mobile application ( P < .001). CONCLUSION Mobile access to electronic health portals has increased patient portal use, particularly among traditionally underserved populations. How this widely and immediately available technology affects patient expectations and experiences warrants additional study.
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Holt, Marilyn E., Kathleen F. Mittendorf, Michele LeNoue-Newton, Neha M. Jain, Ingrid Anderson, Christine M. Lovly, Travis Osterman, Christine Micheel, and Mia Levy. "My Cancer Genome: Coevolution of Precision Oncology and a Molecular Oncology Knowledgebase." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 5 (September 2021): 995–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.21.00084.
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PURPOSE The My Cancer Genome (MCG) knowledgebase and resulting website were launched in 2011 with the purpose of guiding clinicians in the application of genomic testing results for treatment of patients with cancer. Both knowledgebase and website were originally developed using a wiki-style approach that relied on manual evidence curation and synthesis of that evidence into cancer-related biomarker, disease, and pathway pages on the website that summarized the literature for a clinical audience. This approach required significant time investment for each page, which limited website scalability as the field advanced. To address this challenge, we designed and used an assertion-based data model that allows the knowledgebase and website to expand with the field of precision oncology. METHODS Assertions, or computationally accessible cause and effect statements, are both manually curated from primary sources and imported from external databases and stored in a knowledge management system. To generate pages for the MCG website, reusable templates transform assertions into reconfigurable text and visualizations that form the building blocks for automatically updating disease, biomarker, drug, and clinical trial pages. RESULTS Combining text and graph templates with assertions in our knowledgebase allows generation of web pages that automatically update with our knowledgebase. Automated page generation empowers rapid scaling of the website as assertions with new biomarkers and drugs are added to the knowledgebase. This process has generated more than 9,100 clinical trial pages, 18,100 gene and alteration pages, 900 disease pages, and 2,700 drug pages to date. CONCLUSION Leveraging both computational and manual curation processes in combination with reusable templates empowers automation and scalability for both the MCG knowledgebase and MCG website.
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Peterson, Dylan J., Nicolai P. Ostberg, Douglas W. Blayney, James D. Brooks, and Tina Hernandez-Boussard. "Machine Learning Applied to Electronic Health Records: Identification of Chemotherapy Patients at High Risk for Preventable Emergency Department Visits and Hospital Admissions." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 5 (October 2021): 1106–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.21.00116.
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PURPOSE Acute care use (ACU) is a major driver of oncologic costs and is penalized by a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services quality measure, OP-35. Targeted interventions reduce preventable ACU; however, identifying which patients might benefit remains challenging. Prior predictive models have made use of a limited subset of the data in the electronic health record (EHR). We aimed to predict risk of preventable ACU after starting chemotherapy using machine learning (ML) algorithms trained on comprehensive EHR data. METHODS Chemotherapy patients treated at an academic institution and affiliated community care sites between January 2013 and July 2019 who met inclusion criteria for OP-35 were identified. Preventable ACU was defined using OP-35 criteria. Structured EHR data generated before chemotherapy treatment were obtained. ML models were trained to predict risk for ACU after starting chemotherapy using 80% of the cohort. The remaining 20% were used to test model performance by the area under the receiver operator curve. RESULTS Eight thousand four hundred thirty-nine patients were included, of whom 35% had preventable ACU within 180 days of starting chemotherapy. Our primary model classified patients at risk for preventable ACU with an area under the receiver operator curve of 0.783 (95% CI, 0.761 to 0.806). Performance was better for identifying admissions than emergency department visits. Key variables included prior hospitalizations, cancer stage, race, laboratory values, and a diagnosis of depression. Analyses showed limited benefit from including patient-reported outcome data and indicated inequities in outcomes and risk modeling for Black and Medicaid patients. CONCLUSION Dense EHR data can identify patients at risk for ACU using ML with promising accuracy. These models have potential to improve cancer care outcomes, patient experience, and costs by allowing for targeted, preventative interventions.
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Cotner, Cody E., Mohan Balachandran, David Do, Will Ferrell, Neda Khan, Michael Kopinsky, Suzanne McGettigan, et al. "Automated Text-Based Symptom Monitoring With Rapid Clinician Triage for Patients With Cancer and Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 5 (October 2021): 1134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.21.00069.
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PURPOSE Patients with cancer are at greater risk of developing severe symptoms from COVID-19 than the general population. We developed and tested an automated text-based remote symptom-monitoring program to facilitate early detection of worsening symptoms and rapid assessment for patients with cancer and suspected or confirmed COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a feasibility study of Cancer COVID Watch, an automated COVID-19 symptom-monitoring program with oncology nurse practitioner (NP)-led triage among patients with cancer between April 23 and June 30, 2020. Twenty-six patients with cancer and suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled. Enrolled patients received twice daily automated text messages over 14 days that asked “How are you feeling compared to 12 hours ago? Better, worse, or the same?” and, if worse, “Is it harder than usual for you to breathe?” Patients who responded worse and yes were contacted within 1 hour by an oncology NP. RESULTS Mean age of patients was 62.5 years. Seventeen (65%) were female, 10 (38%) Black, and 15 (58%) White. Twenty-five (96%) patients responded to ≥ 1 symptom check-in, and overall response rate was 78%. Four (15%) patients were escalated to the triage line: one was advised to present to the emergency department (ED), and three were managed in the outpatient setting. Median time from escalation to triage call was 11.5 minutes. Four (15%) patients presented to the ED without first escalating their care via our program. Participant satisfaction was high (Net Promoter Score: 100, n = 4). CONCLUSION Implementation of an intensive remote symptom monitoring and rapid NP triage program for outpatients with cancer and suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection is possible. Similar tools may facilitate more rapid triage for patients with cancer in future pandemics.
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Hershman, Dawn L., Cathee Till, Jason D. Wright, Scott Ramsey, William E. Barlow, and Joseph M. Unger. "History of Diabetes and Survival Outcome Among Participants 65 Years or Older in SWOG Clinical Trials." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 1 (November 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.17.00040.
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Purpose Diabetes is common, increases with age, and may affect outcomes among people with cancer. Understanding the association between diabetes and cancer outcome is challenging, because patients with diabetes have increased all-cause mortality compared with patients without diabetes. Methods We systematically examined the phase III trial database of SWOG to identify patients enrolled in trials during the period from 1999 to 2011. We linked the SWOG clinical records to Medicare claims data according to Social Security number, sex, and date of birth. Medicare claims were used to identify diabetes with at least 6 months of continuous Medicare coverage immediately before registration. Multivariable Cox regression was used to compare survival outcomes between patients with and without diabetes for each of 10 tumor cohorts. The primary outcome was overall survival. We also examined progression-free survival and cancer-free survival. Results In total, 6,422 patients from 15 trials were ≥ 65.5 years of age, of whom 3,173 patients (49%) met the criteria for linkage to Medicare claims. Thirty percent (n = 952) had claims for diabetes before registration. Patients with diabetes were more likely to be black ( P < .001), but no other differences in demographic characteristics were observed. In multivariable Cox regression, no association was found between baseline diabetes and overall or progression-free survival; in one case, patients with diabetes had marginally worse cancer-free survival (advanced non–small-cell lung cancer; P = .05). A global test found that baseline diabetes was associated with worse overall survival ( P = .03) across the entire panel of analyses. Conclusion Diabetes is common among elderly patients enrolled in clinical trials. Unlike prior observational studies, among patients treated with uniform treatment regimens, and controlling for known prognostic factors, we did not observe an association between diabetes and progression-free or cancer-free survival.
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Galsky, Matthew D., Michael Diefenbach, Nihal Mohamed, Charles Baker, Sumit Pokhriya, Jason Rogers, Ashish Atreja, et al. "Web-Based Tool to Facilitate Shared Decision Making With Regard to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Use in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 1 (November 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.17.00116.
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Purpose Level 1 evidence supports the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), but observational data demonstrate that this approach is underused. A barrier to shared decision making is difficulty in predicting and communicating survival estimates after cystectomy with or without NAC. Methods We included patients with MIBC from the National Cancer Database treated with cystectomy. A state-transition model was constructed for calculating 5-year death risk using baseline patient-, tumor-, and facility-level variables. Internal-external cross-validation by geographic region was performed. The effect of NAC was integrated using a literature-derived hazard ratio. Bladder cancer–specific and other-cause mortality was estimated from all-cause mortality rates from US life tables. From the state-transition model, a Web-based tool was developed and pilot usability testing performed. Results A total of 9,824 patients with MIBC who underwent cystectomy were eligible for inclusion. Median overall survival was 39.6 months (95% CI, 37.4 to 42.4 months). Increasing age, higher clinical T stage, higher comorbidity index, and black race were associated with shorter survival. Private insurance, higher income, and cystectomy at a high-volume facility were associated with longer survival. The prediction model was well calibrated across geographic regions, with observed-to-predicted 5-year death risks ranging from 0.85 to 1.17. Absolute risk reductions with NAC varied from 8.6% to 10.1%. The Web-based tool allowed input of the predictor variables and a user-defined hazard ratio associated with the effect of NAC to generate individualized survival estimates. The tool demonstrated good usability with clinicians. Conclusion A Web-based tool was developed to individualize outcome prediction and communication in patients with MIBC treated with cystectomy with or without NAC to facilitate shared decision making.
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Wan, Qiuzhen, Jiong Liu, and Simiao Chen. "An Inductorless Gain-Controllable Wideband LNA Based on CCCIIs." Micromachines 13, no. 11 (October 26, 2022): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111832.
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In this paper, an inductorless and gain-controllable 0.5~2.5 GHz wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) based on second generation current controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) is presented. The proposed wideband LNA utilizes CCCIIs as building blocks to implement the amplifier stage and impedance matching stage. By varying the DC biasing current of the CCCII, the voltage gain of the proposed LNA is controllable in the range of 1~18 dB. In the frequency range of 0.5~2.5 GHz, the post-layout simulation results show that the proposed LNA has a typical voltage gain S21 of 12.6 dB with a gain ripple of 1.5 dB, an input and output return loss (S11 and S22) of, respectively, −21.4 dB to −16.6 dB and −18.6 dB to −10.6 dB, and a high reverse isolation S12 of −65.2 dB to −39.5 dB. A noise figure of 4.05~4.35 dB is obtained across the whole band, and the input third-order intercept point (IIP3) is −2.5 dBm at 1.5 GHz. Using a 0.18 μm RF CMOS technology, the LNA occupies an active chip area of only 0.096 mm2 with a power consumption of 12.0 mW.
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Cummings, Cadan, Yuxin Miao, Gabriel Dias Paiao, Shujiang Kang, and Fabián G. Fernández. "Corn Nitrogen Status Diagnosis with an Innovative Multi-Parameter Crop Circle Phenom Sensing System." Remote Sensing 13, no. 3 (January 24, 2021): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13030401.
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Accurate and non-destructive in-season crop nitrogen (N) status diagnosis is important for the success of precision N management (PNM). Several active canopy sensors (ACS) with two or three spectral wavebands have been used for this purpose. The Crop Circle Phenom sensor is a new integrated multi-parameter proximal ACS system for in-field plant phenomics with the capability to measure reflectance, structural, and climatic attributes. The objective of this study was to evaluate this multi-parameter Crop Circle Phenom sensing system for in-season diagnosis of corn (Zea mays L.) N status across different soil drainage and tillage systems under variable N supply conditions. The four plant metrics used to approximate in-season N status consist of aboveground biomass (AGB), plant N concentration (PNC), plant N uptake (PNU), and N nutrition index (NNI). A field experiment was conducted in Wells, Minnesota during the 2018 and the 2019 growing seasons with a split-split plot design replicated four times with soil drainage (drained and undrained) as main block, tillage (conventional, no-till, and strip-till) as split plot, and pre-plant N (PPN) rate (0 to 225 in 45 kg ha−1 increment) as the split-split plot. Crop Circle Phenom measurements alongside destructive whole plant samples were collected at V8 +/−1 growth stage. Proximal sensor metrics were used to construct regression models to estimate N status indicators using simple regression (SR) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) models. The sensor derived indices tested included normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference red edge (NDRE), estimated canopy chlorophyll content (eCCC), estimated leaf area index (eLAI), ratio vegetation index (RVI), canopy chlorophyll content index (CCCI), fractional photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR), and canopy and air temperature difference (ΔTemp). Management practices such as drainage, tillage, and PPN rate were also included to determine the potential improvement in corn N status diagnosis. Three of the four replicated drained and undrained blocks were randomly selected as training data, and the remaining drained and undrained blocks were used as testing data. The results indicated that SR modeling using NDVI would be sufficient for estimating AGB compared to more complex machine learning methods. Conversely, PNC, PNU, and NNI all benefitted from XGB modeling based on multiple inputs. Among different approaches of XGB modeling, combining management information and Crop Circle Phenom measurements together increased model performance for predicting each of the four plant N metrics compared with solely using sensing data. The PPN rate was the most important management metric for all models compared to drainage and tillage information. Combining Crop Circle Phenom sensor parameters and management information is a promising strategy for in-season diagnosis of corn N status. More studies are needed to further evaluate this new integrated sensing system under diverse on-farm conditions and to test other machine learning models.
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Trask, Peter C., Debanjali Mitra, Shrividya Iyer, Sean D. Candrilli, and James A. Kaye. "Treatment Response Patterns and Related Prognostic Indicators in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Patients: A Multi-Country Medical Record Review Study." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 3131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.3131.3131.
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Abstract Abstract 3131 Objective: To assess treatment responses and prognostic indicators of response among patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in multiple countries. Methods: Physicians in United States (N=60), United Kingdom (N=45), Germany (N=49), and Japan (N=60) were recruited to abstract data retrospectively from medical records of patients diagnosed with CML between 1/1/2005 and 12/31/2009. Patients selected were age ≥18 years and in chronic phase at the time of diagnosis and were Philadelphia chromosome and/or BCR-ABL positive. Patients were also required to have received 1st-line treatment with imatinib and not be enrolled in a randomized clinical trial during the study period. We included a subgroup who had also received 2nd-line therapy with nilotinib or dasatinib. We assessed rates of complete hematological response (CHR) at 3 months (mos), complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) at 12 mos, and complete or major molecular response (MMR) at 18 mos, stratified by line of therapy. We used multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate the independent prognostic effects of age, gender, Sokal score, spleen size, race, Charlson comorbidity index score (CCIS), dose, and time to initiation of therapy. For patients on 1st line therapy, only those in chronic phase at the time of imatinib initiation and with non-missing data on the variables of interest (n=751) were included in the regression analyses. Results: Data were abstracted from medical records of 1, 063 patients in US (N=300), Japan (N=300), Germany (N=243), and in the UK (N=220). The average patient age was 55 years and a majority were male (60%). Response rates by line of therapy are listed in Table 1. The proportion of patients achieving 1st-line response was similar across countries except that a greater percentage of patients from the UK obtained CHR at 3 mos (70.5%) compared to other countries (range: 46% [US] to [50.6% [Germany]) and MMR at 12 mos (55%) compared to the other countries (range: 26% [Japan] to 40% [Germany]). In 1st-line therapy, age ≤45 years (odds ratio [OR]=1.57, 95% CI=1.05–2.33 reference [ref] age 45–65) and low Sokal score (OR=1.64, 95% CI=1.16–2.33; ref intermediate) were associated with a greater likelihood of CHR response at 3 mos while Black race (OR=0.40, 95% CI=0.16–0.98; ref White race) and a CCIS score of 2 or higher (OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.25–0.75; ref: CCIS 0) were associated with a lower likelihood of CHR response at 3 mos. Age ≤45 years (OR=1.49, 95% CI=1.02–2.17) and Black race (OR=0.33, 95% CI=0.14–0.77) had similar associations with CCyR at 12 mos as for CHR at 3 mos. We did not find any significant prognostic indicators of MMR at 18 mos. In 2nd line therapy, choice of dasatinib as the 2nd-line drug (OR=2.77, 95% CI=1.19–6.43; ref: nilotinib), CHR to 1st-line therapy (OR=5.97, 95% CI=1.72–20.71; ref: no CHR), and low Sokal score (OR=7.93, 95% CI=2.93–21.51) were indicative of higher likelihood of CHR. Treatment with dasatinib (OR=7.43, 95% CI=2.36–23.40) and initial dose > 100mg for dasatinib or 600mg for nilotinib (OR=3.25, 95% CI=1.11–9.51; ref: dose ≤ 100mg for dasatinib or ≤ 600mg for nilotinib) predicted a greater likelihood of CCyR at 12 mos. We found no variables prognostic of MMR at 18 mos. Conclusions: We found several factors in addition to Sokal score to be prognostic for clinical response in 1st-line therapy, including younger age, White race, and no comorbidity. In addition, in 2nd-line therapy, the likelihood of response was higher in patients treated with dasatinib than in those who received nilotinib. To our knowledge, this difference has not been reported previously and could reflect a real difference in outcomes. However, it may also be due to residual confounding by factors that we could not control in a retrospective observational study. Disclosures: Trask: Pfizer: Employment. Mitra:Pfizer: Consultancy. Iyer:Pfizer: Employment. Candrilli:Pfizer: Consultancy. Kaye:Pfizer: Consultancy.
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Ressurreição, Sandrine Da, Sónia Pedreiro, Maria Teresa Batista, and Artur Figueirinha. "Effect of Phenolic Compounds from Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. Leaves on Micellar Solubility of Cholesterol." Molecules 27, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 7338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217338.
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Dyslipidemias are one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death and hospitalization worldwide. One way to control cholesterol levels is to control the exogenous cholesterol intake in the body. Natural polyphenolic compounds, namely theaflavins from plant extracts such as black tea, showed the ability to inhibit the formation of the micellar structure, essential for the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine. There are several methodologies to determine this effect, many of which are expensive and time-consuming. Due to these facts, the main purposes of this work were to optimize an inexpensive colorimetric method to study, in vitro, the micellar solubility of cholesterol and applied it to plant extracts. In this work, Cymbopogon citratus leaf extracts, its phenolic fractions, and flavonoids were evaluated. The non-delipidified infusion (CcI) obtained a maximum percentage of micelle destruction of 59.22% for a concentration of 50 μg/mL and the delipidified infusion (CcdI) obtained a maximum percentage of micelle destruction of 58.01% for a concentration of 200 μg/mL. In the case of the fraction of phenolic acids (CcPAs), 23.85% of maximum micellar destruction was recorded for the concentration of 100 μg/mL, while for the fraction of flavonoids (CcF), the micellar destruction was 92.74% at 1 μg/mL, and for the tannin fraction (CcT) of 99.45% at 25 μg/mL. Luteolin presented a percentage of micelle destruction of 94.83% in the concentration of 1 ng/mL, followed by luteolin-7-O-glucoside with 93.71% and luteo-lin-6-C-glucoside with 91.26% at the concentrations of 25 ng/mL and 50 ng/mL, respectively. These results suggest the capability of polyphenols from Cymbopogon citratus to prevent the cholesterol absorption in the gut by micellar destruction, and its contribution for cholesterol-lowering activity.
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Surakampontorn, Wanlop, and Khanittha Kaewdang. "Development of Differential Amplifier Based the Second Generation Current Conveyors." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 10, no. 2 (April 10, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2012102.170345.
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In this article, developments of Second Generation Current Conveyors (CCII) that are realized by based on the use of a differential amplifier (diff-amp) as a circuit building block are reviewed. The basic concepts of current conveyor are firstly outlined. One of the first CMOS-based promising techniques to implement CCII that proposed by Surakampontorn et al. is reviewed [9-11]. The applications of Surakampontorn’s CCII as basic circuit building blocks to realize analog circuits and systems and the modifications methods to provide multiple outputs CCIIs are outlined and discussed. Based on feedback mechanisms, diff-amp-based CCIIs that are designed by modified from the CCII are also outlined and discussed. In order to understand the improvement, the characteristics of the CCIIs that have been compared through simulation results by Hassanenin et al. [11] are presented. Finally, the concept of chemical current conveyor (CCCII) is also noted.
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Sun, Weiwei, Jungang Chen, Li Yan, Jinzhao Lin, Yu Pang, and Guo Zhang. "COVID-19 CT image segmentation method based on swin transformer." Frontiers in Physiology 13 (August 22, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.981463.
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Owing to its significant contagion and mutation, the new crown pneumonia epidemic has caused more than 520 million infections worldwide and has brought irreversible effects on the society. Computed tomography (CT) images can clearly demonstrate lung lesions of patients. This study used deep learning techniques to assist doctors in the screening and quantitative analysis of this disease. Consequently, this study will help to improve the diagnostic efficiency and reduce the risk of infection. In this study, we propose a new method to improve U-Net for lesion segmentation in the chest CT images of COVID-19 patients. 750 annotated chest CT images of 150 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were selected to classify, identify, and segment the background area, lung area, ground glass opacity, and lung parenchyma. First, to address the problem of a loss of lesion detail during down sampling, we replaced part of the convolution operation with atrous convolution in the encoder structure of the segmentation network and employed convolutional block attention module (CBAM) to enhance the weighting of important feature information. Second, the Swin Transformer structure is introduced in the last layer of the encoder to reduce the number of parameters and improve network performance. We used the CC-CCII lesion segmentation dataset for training and validation of the model effectiveness. The results of ablation experiments demonstrate that this method achieved significant performance gain, in which the mean pixel accuracy is 87.62%, mean intersection over union is 80.6%, and dice similarity coefficient is 88.27%. Further, we verified that this model achieved superior performance in comparison to other models. Thus, the method proposed herein can better assist doctors in evaluating and analyzing the condition of COVID-19 patients.
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Shannon, Kevin. "The CCDI Comes Out of the Starting Block." Journal of Clinical Oncology, June 15, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.23.00652.
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Sobande, Francesca, David Hesmondhalgh, and Anamik Saha. "Black, Brown and Asian cultural workers, creativity and activism: The ambivalence of digital self-branding practices." Sociological Review, April 23, 2023, 003802612311639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00380261231163952.
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How do cultural and creative workers respond to racism and the politics of representation and respectability in the digital age? In what ways do they engage in forms of community-building and solidarity-making, while managing pressures to build digital presence and personal brands? This article seeks to address these questions via 30 in-depth interviews with Black, Brown and Asian (BBA) workers in the UK cultural and creative industries (CCIs). Focusing on the ambivalence of digital self-branding practices, our work builds on scholarship on inequalities in the CCIs, and on platformization and race. We organize our findings regarding the experiences and values of these workers into three main themes: the positive potential these workers find in the capacity of digital media technologies for forging community and solidarity; the benefits and limitations of using digital media technologies to communicate counternarratives, including exposure of discrimination in CCIs, and adapting and ‘gaming’ features such as recommendation algorithms; and how they experience and navigate felt pressures to self-brand in contemporary digital contexts. We find a marked ambivalence in the reported experiences of these workers, which generatively complicates existing accounts of digital technology, algorithmic struggles and the UK’s CCIs.
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Alaybeyoglu, E., and F. Ugranli. "Analog Building Blocks Optimization for Low Pass Filter of IEEE 802.11n Wireless LAN: OTA and CCII." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 2020, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.3044851.
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Khor, Sara, Patrick J. Heagerty, Anirban Basu, Eric C. Haupt, Lindsay Joe L. Lyons, Erin E. Hahn, and Aasthaa Bansal. "Racial Disparities in the Ascertainment of Cancer Recurrence in Electronic Health Records." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 7 (June 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.23.00004.
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PURPOSE There is growing interest in using computable phenotypes or proxies to identify important clinical outcomes, such as cancer recurrence, in rich electronic health records data. However, the race/ethnicity-specific accuracies of these proxies remain unclear. We examined whether the accuracy of a proxy for colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence differed by race/ethnicity and the possible mechanisms that drove the differences. METHODS Using data from a large integrated health care system, we identified a stratified random sample of 282 Black/African American (AA), Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients with CRC who received primary treatment. Patient 5-year recurrence status was estimated using a utilization-based proxy and evaluated against the true recurrence status obtained using detailed chart review and by race/ethnicity. We used covariate-adjusted probit regression models to estimate the associations between race/ethnicity and misclassification. RESULTS The recurrence proxy had excellent overall accuracy (positive predictive value [PPV] 89.4%; negative predictive value 96.5%; mean difference in timing 1.96 months); however, accuracy varied by race/ethnicity. Compared with NHW patients, PPV was 14.9% lower (95% CI, 2.53 to 28.6) among Hispanic patients and 4.3% lower (95% CI, −4.8 to 14.8) among Black/AA patients. The proxy disproportionately inflated the 5-year recurrence incidence for Hispanic patients by 10.6% (95% CI, 4.2 to 18.2). Compared with NHW patients, proxy recurrences for Hispanic patients were almost three times as likely to have been misclassified as positive (adjusted risk ratio 2.91 [95% CI, 1.21 to 8.31]). Higher false positives among racial/ethnic minorities may be related to higher prevalence of noncancerous lung-related problems and substantial delays in primary treatment because of insufficient patient-provider communication and abnormal treatment patterns. CONCLUSION Using a proxy with worse accuracy among racial/ethnic minority patients to estimate population health may misdirect resources and support erroneous conclusions around treatment benefit for these patients.
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Neeman, Elad, Liisa Lyon, Hongxin Sun, Carol Conell, Mary Reed, Deepika Kumar, Tatjana Kolevska, Dinesh Kotak, Tilak Sundaresan, and Raymond Liu. "Future of Teleoncology: Trends and Disparities in Telehealth and Secure Message Utilization in the COVID-19 Era." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 6 (March 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.21.00160.
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PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic created an imperative to re-examine the role of telehealth in oncology. We studied trends and disparities in utilization of telehealth (video and telephone visits) and secure messaging (SM; ie, e-mail via portal/app), before and during the pandemic. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of hematology/oncology patient visits (telephone/video/office) and SM between January 1, 2019, and September 30, 2020, at Kaiser Permanente Northern California. RESULTS Among 334,666 visits and 1,161,239 SM, monthly average office visits decreased from 10,562 prepandemic to 1,769 during pandemic, telephone visits increased from 5,114 to 8,663, and video visits increased from 40 to 4,666. Monthly average SM increased from 50,788 to 64,315 since the pandemic began. Video visits were a significantly higher fraction of all visits ( P < .01) in (1) younger patients (Generation Z 48%, Millennials 46%; Generation X 40%; Baby Boomers 34.4%; Silent Generation 24.5%); (2) patients with commercial insurance (39%) compared with Medicaid (32.7%) or Medicare (28.1%); (3) English speakers (33.7%) compared with those requiring an interpreter (24.5%); (4) patients who are Asian (35%) and non-Hispanic White (33.7%) compared with Black (30.1%) and Hispanic White (27.5%); (5) married/domestic partner patients (35%) compared with single/divorced/widowed (29.9%); (6) Charlson comorbidity index ≤ 3 (36.2%) compared with > 3 (31.3%); and (7) males (34.6%) compared with females (32.3%). Similar statistically significant SM utilization patterns were also seen. CONCLUSION In the pandemic era, hematology/oncology telehealth and SM use rapidly increased in a manner that is feasible and sustained. Possible disparities existed in video visit and SM use by age, insurance plan, language, race, ethnicity, marital status, comorbidities, and sex.
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Barber, Emma L., Ravi Garg, Anna Strohl, Dario Roque, and Edward Tanner. "Feasibility and Prediction of Adverse Events in a Postoperative Monitoring Program of Patient-Reported Outcomes and a Wearable Device Among Gynecologic Oncology Patients." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 6 (March 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.21.00167.
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PURPOSE The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of implementing a postoperative monitoring program for women with gynecologic cancers composed of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and a wearable activity monitor. METHODS We prospectively enrolled patients undergoing gynecologic cancer surgery to this single-arm study. Enrolled patients completed PROs (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System physical function, sleep disturbance, anxiety, fatigue, and pain intensity) at baseline and one-week intervals for 4 weeks. They also wore a wearable accelerometer device that measured steps, heart rate, and intensity of physical activity. The primary outcome was feasibility. The secondary outcome was prediction of unscheduled contacts with the health care system on a given postoperative day. RESULTS We enrolled 34 women. Three patients were unevaluable. The mean age was 58 years. The mean body mass index was 31 kg/m2; 17 patients were White (54.8%), 12 patients were Black (38.7%), and two patients (6.5%) were Asian. The overall wear time was 83.8%, and patients responded to 80.4% of the PRO instruments. Twenty-two patients (71%) had an unscheduled contact with the health care system postoperatively (median 1.5, 0.0-8.0). The day of an unscheduled health care utilization event was predicted with acceptable discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.75; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.81). PROs of fatigue and physical function were most predictive followed by wearable device outputs of lightly active minutes and average daily heart rate. CONCLUSION Implementation of a postoperative monitoring program of patient-reported outcomes and a wearable device was feasible. The specific day of an unscheduled contact with the health care system was predicted with acceptable discrimination.
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Beauchemin, Melissa P., David DeStephano, Rohit Raghunathan, Erik Harden, Melissa Accordino, Grace C. Hillyer, Justine M. Kahn, et al. "Implementation of Systematic Financial Screening in an Outpatient Breast Oncology Setting." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 7 (March 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.22.00172.
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PURPOSE Implementation of routine financial screening is a critical step toward mitigating financial toxicity. We evaluated the feasibility, sustainability, and acceptability of systematic financial screening in the outpatient breast oncology clinic at a large, urban cancer center. METHODS We developed and implemented a stakeholder-informed process to systematically screen for financial hardship and worry. A 2-item assessment in English or Spanish was administered to patients through the electronic medical record portal or using paper forms. We evaluated completion rates and mode of completion. Through feedback from patients, clinicians, and staff, we identified strategies to improve completion rates and acceptability. RESULTS From March, 2021, to February, 2022, 3,500 patients were seen in the breast oncology clinic. Of them, 39% (n = 1,349) responded to the screening items, either by paper or portal, 12% (n = 437) preferred not to answer, and the remaining 49% (n = 1,714) did not have data in their electronic health record, meaning they were not offered screening or did not complete the paper forms. Young adults (18-39 years) were more likely to respond compared with patients 70 years or older (61% v 30%, P < .01). English-preferring patients were more likely to complete the screening compared with those who preferred Spanish (46% v 28%, P < .01). Non-Hispanic White patients were more likely to respond compared with Non-Hispanic Black patients and with Hispanic patients (46% v 39% v 32%, P < .01). Strategies to improve completion rates included partnering with staff to facilitate paper form administration, optimizing patient engagement with the portal, and clearly communicating the purpose of the screening. CONCLUSION Systematic financial screening is feasible, and electronic data capture facilitates successful implementation. However, inclusive procedures that address language and technology preferences are needed to optimize screening.
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Diers-Lawson, Audra. "iScotland: building a unified model of activism in multi-platform communication environments from traditional PR theory." Corporate Communications: An International Journal, February 2, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-12-2022-0153.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeIn recent years, there has been a growth in research aimed at understanding the foundations of modern activist communication in media-rich and multi-platform environments. For example, Chon and Park's analysis of the American Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement built on Kim and Grunig's STOPS model. Yet, social and political injustice can exist for extended periods of time without successful movements emerging, so what leads people to demand social and political change through activism? This paper posits that crisis is trigger that motivates people to activism and evaluates that within the context of the Scottish independence movement.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on in-depth interviews with 26 advocates for Scottish independence, which yielded more than 32 h of data. Data were analysed using Strauss and Corbin's (1990) constant comparative method approach using open coding, axial coding and selective coding finding thematic saturation after only 10 interviews.FindingsThe study provides a clear extension of Chon and Park's model of activism by finding that crises are critical triggers for activism. Moreover, these findings also provide insights into not only the Scottish independence movement but more broadly the extension of traditional public relations and communication theory in multi-platform and multi-actor environments.Originality/valueThere are several contributions this piece makes. First, this paper extends activist, crisis and strategic communication research to more systematically consider the role that crisis plays in social and political advocacy. Second, this paper affords the opportunity to consider the challenges of communication, democracy and activism in the social media age. Finally, this paper supports an international view that discrimination and affective injustice experiences cut across many different kinds of identities and experiences instead of the traditionally considered ethnic, religious and gender-based experiences traditionally addressed.