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Beza, Abebe Dress, Mohammad Maghrour Zefreh, Adam Torok, and Anteneh Afework Mekonnen. "How PTV Vissim Has Been Calibrated for the Simulation of Automated Vehicles in Literature?" Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (October 26, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2548175.
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Recently, in the literature, microscopic simulation is one of the most attractive methods in impact assessment of automated vehicles (AVs) on traffic flow. AVs can be divided into different categories, each having different driving characteristics. Hence, calibrating microscopic simulators for different AV categories could be challenging in AVs’ impact assessment. The PTV Vissim microscopic traffic simulation software has been calibrated for simulating diverse types of AVs in a large body of literature. There are two main streams of studies in literature adapting AVs' driving behaviors in Vissim following either internal (i.e., adjusting the parameters of the Vissim's default driving behavior models) or external (i.e., adapting AVs' behavior through external VISSIM interfaces) modeling approaches. The current paper investigates how the PTV Vissim has been internally calibrated for the simulation of different types of AVs and compares the calibrated values in the literature with default values introduced in the recent version of PTV Vissim. In the present paper, the reviewed studies are partitioned into two main categories according to the characteristics of the studied AVs, the studies focused on autonomous automated vehicles (AAVs) and the ones focused on cooperative automated vehicles (CAVs). Our findings indicate that the literature expects a lower value for parameters including standstill distance (CC0), headway time (CC1), following variation (CC2), the threshold for entering “following” (CC3), negative/positive following thresholds (CC4/CC5), speed dependency of oscillation (CC6), oscillation acceleration (CC7), safety distance reduction factor (SDRF), and minimum headway front/rear (MinHW) for AVs than conventional vehicles (CVs). Besides, the literature expects higher values for parameters including standstill acceleration (CC8), acceleration at 80 km/h (CC9), looking distances, and maximum deceleration for cooperative braking (MaxDCB) for AVs. When cautious AVs are introduced, deterring effects are expected in the literature (e.g., higher CC0). Moreover, CAVs can have higher looking distance values compared with AAVs.
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Bespalova, T. Yu. "Distribution and genotypic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from humans and ruminants with common clinical and pathological phenotypes (neurolisterioses and abortions) (review)." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 23, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.2.145-158.
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Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is an intracellular food pathogen that causes listeriosis in mammals in the form of sporadic cases or large outbreaks with a high mortality rate among humans and domestic ruminants. The determination of the sequence type (ST) and the clonal complex (CC) by multilocus sequencing (MLST) and other methods in L. monocytogenes strains from different sources allowed us to establish the existence of strains with organ tropism and causing forms of listeriosis common to humans and ruminants. The purpose of the review was to generalize the available data on the distribution and genotypic diversity of L. monocytogenes strains isolated during neurolisteriosis and abortions, their adaptation in the environment to determine a possible link between listeriosis of ruminants and humans. In general, the analysis of the differential distribution of STs/CCs of L. monocytogenes associated with humans and ruminants showed their significant variation, as well as the predominance of CCs (CC1, CC2, CC4, CC6, CC7, CC8, CC14, CC29, CC37, etc.) common to the studied host groups. Neurolisterioses in humans are mainly associated with hypervirulent CC1, CC6, CC4, CC2, in ruminants - CC1 and CC4, as well as CC8-16 and CC412. A special association of ST1 (CC1) with human and bovine neurolisteriosis has been determined, indicating increased neurotropism of ST1. In small ruminants (goats, sheep), neurolisterioses are associated with various STs from phylogenetic lineages I and II. Most of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from abortions belonged to CC1, CC2, CC4, CC6, CC7, CC14 in humans and CC1, CC6, CC4-217, CC37 in ruminants. The detection of common isolates CC1, CC4-CC217, CC6, CC18, CC37 in ruminants and in their natural environment indicates that the farm environment is a reservoir for L. monocytogenes strains. In the Russian Federation, the prevalence of SТ7 isolates among all types of sources obtained on the territory of the country was noted. Future research should be aimed at studying the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes strains with an increased tendency to cause diseases in humans and ruminants for better understanding the mechanisms of infection and strengthening the control over the spread of the pathogen in various ecological niches.
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Miao, Bei, Hongyu Yao, Peng Chen, and Xue-Jun Song. "Differential Activation of pERK1/2 and c-Fos Following Injury to Different Regions of Primary Sensory Neuron." Life 12, no. 5 (May 19, 2022): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12050752.
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Nerve injury causes hyperexcitability of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn (DH) neurons, which results in neuropathic pain. We have previously demonstrated that partial dorsal rhizotomy (PDR) produced less severe pain-like behavior than chronic constriction injury (CCI) or chronic compression of DRG (CCD) and did not enhance DRG neuronal excitability. However, the mechanisms underlying such discrepancy remain unclear. This study was designed to compare the activation of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) in DRG and DH, and c-Fos in DH following treatments of CCI, CCD, and PDR. We confirmed that thermal hyperalgesia produced by PDR was less severe than that produced by CCI or CCD. We showed that pERK1/2 in DRG and DH was greatly activated by CCI or CCD, whereas PDR produced only transient and mild pERK1/2 activation. CCI, CCD, and PDR induced robust c-Fos expression in DH; nevertheless, c-Fos+ neurons following PDR were much fewer than that following CCI or CCD. Blocking retrograde axonal transport by colchicine proximal to the CCI injury site diminished thermal hyperalgesia and inhibited pERK1/2 and c-Fos activation. These findings demonstrate that less severe pain-like behavior produced by PDR than CCI or CCD attributes to less activation of pERK1/2 and c-Fos. Such neurochemical activation partially relies on retrograde axonal transport of certain “injury signals” from the peripheral injured site to DRG somata.
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Abood, Rafid A., Hasson M. Hasson, Asaad A. Khalaf, and Elaf M. Saleh. "Impact of Comorbidities on Survival Among Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index: Retrospective study from Basra, Iraq." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 19, no. 3 (November 5, 2019): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2019.19.03.010.
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Objectives: In chronic diseases, comorbidities are known to have a strong negative association with overall survival (OS). This study aimed to use the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to examine the effect of comorbidities on OS among patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2006 and October 2016 and included 247 CML patients treated at the Basra Oncology & Haematology Centre, Basra, Iraq. Information from hospital records was used to calculate CCI scores and patients were divided into groups based on scores of 2–3 (CCI1 group) or ≥4 (CCI2 group). The OS was calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: There were 177 (71.7%) patients in the CCI1 group and 70 (28.3%) in the CCI2 group. Overall, patients in the CCI1 group were significantly younger compared to those in the CCI2 group (median age: 35 versus 60 years; P <0.001); however, the gender distribution was similar in both groups (male-to-female ratio of 1:1.06 versus 1:1.18, respectively; P = 0.683). Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity (17%), followed by hypertension (12%) and gastrointestinal diseases (6%). There were no significant differences in mortality between the groups (9.6% versus 8.6%; P = 0.801). In total, 69.6% of all deaths were related to CML progression rather than to the presence of comorbidities. Conclusion: No significant correlation was found between CCI score and OS among CML patients in Basra. However, larger long-term prospective studies are needed to evaluate associations with median age at diagnosis and disease severity and to develop region-specific prognostic scales.Keywords: Comorbidity; Chronic Myeloid Leukemia; Mortality; Survival Analysis; Chronic Diseases; Iraq.
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Li, Y., G. Z. Wang, F. Z. Xuan, and S. T. Tu. "Geometry and Material Constraint Effects on Creep Crack Growth Behavior in Welded Joints." High Temperature Materials and Processes 36, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2015-0222.
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AbstractIn this work, the geometry and material constraint effects on creep crack growth (CCG) and behavior in welded joints were investigated. The CCG paths and rates of two kinds of specimen geometry (C(T) and M(T)) with initial cracks located at soft HAZ (heat-affected zone with lower creep strength) and different material mismatches were simulated. The effect of constraint on creep crack initiation (CCI) time was discussed. The results show that there exists interaction between geometry and material constraints in terms of their effects on CCG rate and CCI time of welded joints. Under the condition of low geometry constraint, the effect of material constraint on CCG rate and CCI time becomes more obvious. Higher material constraint can promote CCG due to the formation of higher stress triaxiality around crack tip. Higher geometry constraint can increase CCG rate and reduce CCI time of welded joints. Both geometry and material constraints should be considered in creep life assessment and design for high-temperature welded components.
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Demb, Joshua, Linn Abraham, Diana L. Miglioretti, Brian L. Sprague, Ellen S. O’Meara, Shailesh Advani, Louise M. Henderson, et al. "Screening Mammography Outcomes: Risk of Breast Cancer and Mortality by Comorbidity Score and Age." JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 112, no. 6 (September 6, 2019): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djz172.
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Abstract Background Potential benefits of screening mammography among women ages 75 years and older remain unclear. Methods We evaluated 10-year cumulative incidence of breast cancer and death from breast cancer and other causes by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and age in the Medicare-linked Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (1999–2010) cohort of 222 088 women with no less than 1 screening mammogram between ages 66 and 94 years. Results During median follow-up of 107 months, 7583 were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and 1742 with ductal carcinoma in situ; 471 died from breast cancer and 42 229 from other causes. The 10-year cumulative incidence of invasive breast cancer did not change with increasing CCI but decreased slightly with age: ages 66–74 years (CCI0 = 4.0% [95% CI = 3.9% to 4.2%] vs CCI ≥ 2 = 3.9% [95% CI = 3.5% to 4.3%]); ages 75–84 years (CCI0 = 3.7% [95% CI = 3.5% to 3.9%] vs CCI ≥ 2 = 3.4% [95% CI = 2.9% to 3.9%]); and ages 85–94 years (CCI0 = 2.7% [95% CI = 2.3% to 3.1%] vs CCI ≥ 2 = 2.1% [95% CI = 1.3% to 3.0%]). The 10-year cumulative incidence of other-cause death increased with increasing CCI and age: ages 66–74 years (CCI0 = 10.4% [95% CI = 10.3 to 10.7%] vs CCI ≥ 2 = 43.4% [95% CI = 42.2% to 44.4%]), ages 75–84 years (CCI0 = 29.8% [95% CI = 29.3% to 30.2%] vs CCI ≥ 2 = 61.7% [95% CI = 60.2% to 63.3%]), and ages 85 to 94 years (CCI0 = 60.3% [95% CI = 59.1% to 61.5%] vs CCI ≥ 2 = 84.8% [95% CI = 82.5% to 86.9%]). The 10-year cumulative incidence of breast cancer death was small and did not vary by age: ages 66–74 years = 0.2% (95% CI = 0.2% to 0.3%), ages 75–84 years = 0.29% (95% CI = 0.25% to 0.34%), and ages 85 to 94 years = 0.3% (95% CI = 0.2% to 0.4%). Conclusions Cumulative incidence of other-cause death was many times higher than breast cancer incidence and death, depending on comorbidity and age. Hence, older women with increased comorbidity may experience diminished benefit from continued screening.
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Powell, E. D., T. Asmis, D. Jonker, D. Tu, C. Karapetis, M. Jeffery, and C. O’Callaghan. "Comorbidity and overall survival (OS) in cetuximab-treated patients with advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC)—Results from NCIC CTG CO.17: A phase III trial of cetuximab versus best supportive care (BSC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 4074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.4074.
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4074 Background: The interplay between comorbidity, age and performance status (PS) as predictors of outcome in ACRC is not well described. We examined these factors as predictors of treatment toxicity and outcome in cetuximab-treated patients with ACRC. Methods: Comorbidity was independently evaluated by 2 physicians using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), a previously validated measure of comorbidity based on the presence or absence of index medical conditions weighted according to their affect on mortality. CCI score was correlated with demographic data (age, gender), PS, site of primary, time from diagnosis to randomization, body mass index, hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine clearance, K-ras status and OS. Results: 572 patients were included. 41% were ≥65 years and 25% had comorbidities at randomization. CCI score was 1 in 21% and ≥ 2 in 4%. In multivariate analysis (MVA) of all covariates, only older age (≥65 years) was associated with greater comorbidity (p=0.005). OS was different among 3 comorbidity groups (CCI score 0, 1, ≥ 2) in univariate analysis (median OS 4.9 vs 5.9 vs 4.8 months;, logrank p=0.04) but not in MVA. Conversely, lower PS remained associated with better OS in MVA (HR 1.96 for PS=2 vs. PS=0, p<0.0001). Age was not associated with OS (p=0.11). Other factors significantly associated with OS in MVA included time from diagnosis to randomization, LDH, ALP, hemoglobin, Kras status and cetuximab treatment. In the BSC arm, comorbidity was not associated with OS in MVA (HR 0.83 CCI 1 vs. CCI0, p=0.26 and HR 0.90 for CCI2 vs. CCI0, p=0.78) suggesting comorbidity is not prognostic in this setting. Patients with higher CCI score had a nonsignificant trend toward greater treatment effects. Patients ≥65 years had less gr≥3 vomiting (1.8 vs 7.9%, p=0.034) but more dyspnea (24.5 vs 11.2%, p=0.005). Patients with higher CCI scores had less vomiting (p=0.008) but more non-neutropenic infection (p=0.012). Conclusions: In this clinical trial, comorbidity and age were not independent predictors of survival, highlighting the difference between comorbidity and PS. [Table: see text]
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Mullins, C. Daniel, Kaloyan A. Bikov, Ebere Onukwugha, Brian S. Seal, and Nader Hanna. "Frequency of second- and third-line treatment among elderly Medicare stage IV colon cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e14035-e14035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e14035.
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e14035 Background: Stage IV colon cancer (CC4) patients may receive multiple lines of chemotherapy and/or biologics as treatment (TX) to improve survival or quality of life, yet elderly patients generally receive less aggressive cancer TX. Methods: Elderly (65+) SEER-Medicare patients diagnosed with CC4 in 2003-7 were followed through death or 2009 to examine variation across sub-groups in the number of TX lines. TX included 5-fluorouracil and (levo)leucovorin-based (5FU/LV); irinotecan (IRI) and/or oxaliplatin (OX) with/out 5FU/LV; bevacizumab, cetuximab, or panitumumab (MNCLA), alone or in combination with chemotherapy; and other TX. A hierarchy categorized treatments as: 1) IROX (IRI+OX); 2) IRI or OX; 3) 5FU/LV; 4) MNCLA without chemotherapy; and 5) other TX. Gaps in TX or changes from OX or IRI to 5FU/LV were not considered new lines. Results: Of 7,937 elderly CC4 patients, 3,263 (41%) received any TX, while 1,541 (19%) and 570 (7%) received second and third line TX, respectively. Among the TX group, younger (p<0.01), married (51 vs. 42%, p < 0.01) and male (49 vs. 45%, p = 0.02) patients were more likely to go on to second line TX. Medicare buy-in coverage, which generally indicates dual Medicaid-Medicare coverage (42 vs. 48%, p = 0.03), lowered the likelihood of second line TX. Having comorbidities impacted initial TX (CCI=0: 44.5%, CCI=1: 41.9%, CCI=2: 28.4% ; p<0.01) more so than the likelihood of second (CCI=0: 48.6%, CCI=1: 45.9%, CCI=2: 42.4% ; p=0.06) or third (CCI=0: 37.2%, CCI=1: 39.9%, CCI=2: 29.9% ; p=0.09) line TX conditional upon receipt of prior line treatment. There was no significant association between second line TX and race/ethnicity, urbanicity or year of cancer diagnosis. Among those with second line TX, only age (p=0.05) and urbanicity (38 urban vs. 25% non urban, p < 0.01) were significantly associated with higher likelihood of third line TX. Conclusions: Among CC4 patients with TX, married patients and men receive more TX lines, while number of treatment lines decreases with age. Tendency to use less aggressive treatment with elderly CC4 patients, combined with our observed results, suggests that a substantial proportion of elderly CC4 patients receive fewer TX lines than equivalent younger patients.
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Mollinedo-Cardalda, Irimia, Karina Pereira, Adriana López-Rodríguez, and José María Cancela-Carral. "Relación entre índices antropométricos y la obesidad en personas mayores de 60 años. Estudios Europeo IN COMMON SPORT." Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte 14, no. 2 (August 5, 2020): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33155/j.ramd.2020.08.001.
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Objetivo: Comprobar si el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el índice cintura-cadera (ICC), circunferencia de cintura (CCi), circunferencia de cadera (CCa) y porcentaje de grasa corporal se correlacionan entre sí en personas mayores de 60 años.
Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional en 1055 personas mayores de 60 años de diferentes países europeos pertenecientes al proyecto europeo IN COMMON SPORTS. Se realizó una valoración inicial de las variables antropométricas.
Resultados: Correlación significativa del IMC con el porcentaje de grasa corporal, CCi y CCa pero no con el ICC. El ICC presenta correlaciones proporcionales significativas con el CCi, e inversamente proporcionales con el CCa. El género masculino muestra una correlación significativa entre el ICC y IMC, pero no con el porcentaje de grasa corporal. El IMC promedio muestra una tendencia general alta para ambos géneros. Mujeres mayor porcentaje de grasa.
Conclusión: El IMC se correlaciona con ICC, CCa y CCi pero dependiendo del género. Los hombres mostraron correlaciones significativas entre IMC e ICC, pero en las mujeres no se encuentran correlaciones de estas medidas.
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Song, Xue-Jun, Carlos Vizcarra, Dong-Sheng Xu, Ronald L. Rupert, and Zheng-Nan Wong. "Hyperalgesia and Neural Excitability Following Injuries to Central and Peripheral Branches of Axons and Somata of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 2185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00802.2002.
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We examined thermal hyperalgesia, excitability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and antinociceptive effects of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in rats with injury to different regions of DRG neurons. The central or peripheral branches of axons of DRG neurons were injured by partial dorsal rhizotomy (PDR) and chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve (CCI), respectively, or the somata injured by chronic compression of DRG (CCD). Thermal hyperalgesia was evidenced by significantly shortened latencies of foot withdrawal to radiant heat stimulation of the plantar surface. Intracellular recordings were obtained in vitro from L4 and/or L5 ganglia. There are four principle findings: 1) PDR as well as CCD and CCI induced thermal hyperalgesia; 2) PDR produced significantly less severe and shorter duration hyperalgesia than CCD and CCI; 3) intrathecal administration of NMDA receptor antagonistsd-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) and dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) inhibited thermal hyperalgesia in PDR, CCD, and CCI rats. Pretreatment of APV and MK-801 delayed the emergence of hyperalgesia for 48–72 h, while posttreatment inhibited hyperalgesia for 24–36 h; and 4) CCD and CCI increased excitability of DRG neurons as judged by the significantly lowered threshold currents and action potential voltage thresholds and increased incidence of repetitive discharges. However, PDR did not alter the excitability of DRG neurons. These findings indicate that injury to the dorsal root, compared with injury to the peripheral nerve or DRG somata has different effects on the development of hyperalgesia. These contributions involve different changes in DRG membrane excitability, but each involves pathways (presumably in the spinal cord) that depend on NMDA receptors.
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Pyz-Łukasik, Renata, Waldemar Paszkiewicz, Michał Kiełbus, Monika Ziomek, Michał Gondek, Piotr Domaradzki, Katarzyna Michalak, and Dorota Pietras-Ożga. "Genetic Diversity and Potential Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Originating from Polish Artisanal Cheeses." Foods 11, no. 18 (September 11, 2022): 2805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11182805.
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Artisanal cheeses can be sources of Listeria monocytogenes and cause disease in humans. This bacterial pathogen is a species of diverse genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. The aim of the study was to characterize 32 isolates of L. monocytogenes isolated in 2014–2018 from artisanal cheeses. The isolates were characterized using whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The artisanal cheese isolates resolved to four molecular groups: 46.9% of them to IIa (1/2a-3a), 31.2% to IVb (4ab-4b-4d-4e), 12.5% to IIc (1/2c-3c), and 9.4% to IIb (1/2b-3b-7). Two evolutionary lineages emerged: lineage II having 59.4% of the isolates and lineage I having 40.6%. The sequence types (ST) totaled 18: ST6 (15.6% of the isolates), ST2, ST20, ST26, and ST199 (each 9.4%), ST7 and ST9 (each 6.3%), and ST1, ST3, ST8, ST16, ST87, ST91, ST121, ST122, ST195, ST217, and ST580 (each 3.1%). There were 15 detected clonal complexes (CC): CC6 (15.6% of isolates), CC9 (12.5%), CC2, CC20, CC26, and CC199 (each 9.4%), CC7 and CC8 (each 6.3%), and CC1, CC3, CC14, CC87, CC121, CC195, and CC217 (each 3.1%). The isolates were varied in their virulence genes and the differences concerned: inl, actA, LIPI-3, ami, gtcA, aut, vip, and lntA.
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Sorbera, L. A., J. Castañer, and M. del Fresno. "CCI-779." Drugs of the Future 27, no. 1 (2002): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dof.2002.027.01.654066.
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Kabadi, Shruti V., Bogdan A. Stoica, Kimberly R. Byrnes, Marie Hanscom, David J. Loane, and Alan I. Faden. "Selective CDK Inhibitor Limits Neuroinflammation and Progressive Neurodegeneration after Brain Trauma." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 32, no. 1 (August 10, 2011): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2011.117.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces secondary injury mechanisms, including cell-cycle activation (CCA), which lead to neuronal cell death, microglial activation, and neurologic dysfunction. Here, we show progressive neurodegeneration associated with microglial activation after TBI induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI), and also show that delayed treatment with the selective cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor roscovitine attenuates posttraumatic neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. CCI resulted in increased cyclin A and D1 expressions and fodrin cleavage in the injured cortex at 6 hours after injury and significant neurodegeneration by 24 hours after injury. Progressive neuronal loss occurred in the injured hippocampus through 21 days after injury and correlated with a decline in cognitive function. Microglial activation associated with a reactive microglial phenotype peaked at 7 days after injury with sustained increases at 21 days. Central administration of roscovitine at 3 hours after CCI reduced subsequent cyclin A and D1 expressions and fodrin cleavage, improved functional recovery, decreased lesion volume, and attenuated hippocampal and cortical neuronal cell loss and cortical microglial activation. Furthermore, delayed systemic administration of roscovitine improved motor recovery and attenuated microglial activation after CCI. These findings suggest that CCA contributes to progressive neurodegeneration and related neurologic dysfunction after TBI, likely in part related to its induction of microglial activation.
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Deguchi, Ryo, Moe Fujimoto, Hiroshi Sekiyama, and Shigehito Sawamura. "Effect of Yokukansan on sleep disturbance and neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury using a rat model." Sleep and Biological Rhythms 19, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41105-021-00315-y.
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AbstractPatients with chronic pain develop peripheral neuropathy and experience sleep disturbance. Yokukansan is used to treat insomnia and control neuropathic pain. We studied if Yokukansan affects neuropathic pain and sleep disturbance using a rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI). Male Wistar rats (4-week age) were divided into the following groups (n = 7, per group): CCI rats fed normal chow (CCI-0); CCI rats fed powdered chow mixed with 1% Yokukansan (CCI-1); CCI rats fed powdered chow mixed with 3% Yokukansan (CCI-3); and sham-operated control rats fed normal chow (SHAM). We examined sleep duration and quality using electroencephalograms and assessed pain using the von Frey and Hargreaves tests. Results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests. The CCI-0 group exhibited an increased wake period, decreased non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time, and no change in REM sleep time in comparison to the SHAM group. The CCI-1 group exhibited a decreased wake period, increased non-REM sleep time, and no change in REM sleep time compared to the CCI-0 group. The CCI-3 group exhibited increased non-REM sleep time but no changes in wake and REM sleep times compared to the CCI-1 group. The von Frey and Hargreaves test findings revealed an increase in the pain threshold in the CCI-1 group compared to the CCI-0 group. There was no difference in pain threshold between the CCI-1 and CCI-3 groups. In our rat model of CCI, sleep disturbance was reflected. Yokukansan inhibited CCI-induced sleep disturbance.
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Subraja, Tedy, Lestari Lestari, and Ridha Husla. "ANALISA PENGANGKATAN CUTTING MENGGUNAKAN METODE CCI, CTR DAN CCA PADA SUMUR T TRAYEK 12 ¼"." JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN KARYA ILMIAH LEMBAGA PENELITIAN UNIVERSITAS TRISAKTI 7, no. 2 (July 30, 2022): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/pdk.v7i2.13178.
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Lumpur pemboran merupakan salah satu faktor yang memiliki peranan paling penting selama berlangsungnya operasi pengeboran, maka dari itu perlu untuk mengontrol sifat-sifat fisik dari lumpur pemboran agar sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang diharapkan. Lumpur pengeboran mempunyai fungsi penting dalam operasi pengeboran yaitu mengangkat serbur (cutting) ke permukaan, mencegah runtuhnya dinding lubang bor agar suatu kegiatan pemboran dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Pada tugas akhir ini dilakukan analisa pengangkatan cutting pada sumur T trayek 12 ¼". Metode-metode yang digunakan pada penelitian pengangkatan cutting ialah Cutting Carrying Index (CCI) dengan nilai >1, Cutting Transport Ratio (CTR) >50% dan Cutting Capacity Annulus (CCA) <5%. Dengan parameter yang menjadi acuan dalam proses pengangkatan cutting yaitu Plastic Viscosity (PV), Yield Point (YP), Gel strength, Index kelakuan aliran (n), Konstanta Power Law (K), Laju alir (Q), densitas lumpur, densitas cutting, diameter cutting, diameter lubang bor, dan diameter luar pipa bor. Pada Penelitian ini, analisa pengangkatan cutting pada sumur T trayek 12 ¼" dengan metode Cutting Carrying Index (CCI) didapatkan nilai berkisar antara 1,554 - 3,494, metode Cutting Transport Ratio (CTR) didapatkan nilai berkisar antara 86,866% - 95,127% dan pada metode Cutting Capacity Annulus (CCA) 2,940% - 2,974%. Jika dilihat nilai dari ketiga metode yaitu Cutting Carrying Index (CCI), Cutting Transport Ratio (CTR), dan Cutting Capacity Annulus (CCA) telah menunjukkan hasil yang baik sehingga pengangkatan cutting berjalan secara optimal pada sumur T trayek 12 ¼".
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Subraja, Tedy, Lestari Lestari, Ridha Husla, Apriandi R.R.W, and Ghanima Yasmaniar. "ANALISA PENGANGKATAN CUTTING MENGGUNAKAN METODE CCI, CTR DAN CCA PADA SUMUR T TRAYEK 17 ½”." PETRO:Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Perminyakan 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/petro.v11i1.12794.
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Lumpur pemboran merupakan salah satu faktor yang memiliki peranan paling penting selama berlangsungnya operasi pengeboran, maka dari itu perlu untuk mengontrol sifat-sifat fisik dari lumpur pemboran agar sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang diharapkan. Lumpur pengeboran mempunyai fungsi penting dalam operasi pengeboran yaitu mengangkat serbur (cutting) ke permukaan, mencegah runtuhnya dinding lubang bor agar suatu kegiatan pemboran dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Pada tugas akhir ini dilakukan analisa pengangkatan cutting pada sumur T trayek 17 ½”.Metode-metode yang digunakan pada penelitian pengangkatan cutting ialah Cutting Carrying Index (CCI) dengan nilai >1, Cutting Transport Ratio (CTR) >50% dan Cutting Capacity Annulus (CCA) <5%. Dengan parameter yang menjadi acuan dalam proses pengangkatan cutting yaitu Plastic Viscosity (PV), Yield Point (YP), Gel strength, Index kelakuan aliran (n), Konstanta Power Law (K), Laju alir (Q), densitas lumpur, densitas cutting, diameter cutting, diameter lubang bor, dan diameter luar pipa bor. Pada Penelitian ini, analisa pengangkatan cutting pada sumur T trayek 17 ½” dengan metode Cutting Carrying Index (CCI) didapatkan nilai berkisar antara 2,521- 3,950, metode Cutting Transport Ratio (CTR) didapatkan nilai berkisar antara 93,856% - 95,017% dan pada metode Cutting Capacity Annulus (CCA) 1,209% - 1,215%. Jika dilihat nilai dari ketiga metode yaitu CCI, CTR, dan CCA telah menunjukkan hasil yang baik sehingga pengangkatan cutting berjalan secara optimal pada sumur T trayek 17 ½”.
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Jenni-Moser, Béatrice, and Marie-Madlen Jeitziner. "CCI – ein Resümee." intensiv 24, no. 01 (January 7, 2016): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-107570.
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Nicholls, Richard, and Marwa Gad Mohsen. "Managing customer-to-customer interaction (CCI) – insights from the frontline." Journal of Services Marketing 33, no. 7 (December 12, 2019): 798–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-11-2018-0329.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the capacity of frontline employees (FLEs) to provide insights into customer-to-customer interaction (CCI) and its management in service organisations. Design/methodology/approach This exploratory study used focus groups and semi-structured in-depth interviews with FLEs to investigate their experiences and reflections in dealing with CCI in a complex service setting in the UK. Findings FLEs are able to recall CCI encounters, both positive (PCCI) and negative (NCCI), with ease. They are capable of conceptualising and exploring complex nuances surrounding CCI encounters. FLEs can distinguish levels of seriousness of negative CCI and variations in customer sensitivity to CCI. FLEs vary in their comfort in intervening in negative CCI situations. Whilst FLEs draw on skills imparted in an employee-customer interaction context, they would benefit from CCI-specific training. Propositions are advanced for further empirical testing. Research limitations/implications The authors studied FLE views on CCI in a customer-centric service organisation in the UK. Future research should further address the FLE perspective on CCI in less service-driven organisations and in other countries. A wide range of themes for further research are proposed. Practical implications The insights presented will assist service managers to assess the CCI context of their own organisation and develop strategies and guidelines to support FLEs in detecting, understanding and responding to CCI encounters. Social implications The paper highlights and discusses the complexity of intervening in negative CCI encounters in socially inclusive service environments. Originality/value Based on FLE-derived perceptions of CCI, the paper contributes conceptually to CCI knowledge by identifying the existence of “concealed CCI”, distinguishing between gradual and sudden CCI intervention contexts and exploring the human resource development consequences of this distinction, with original implications for service management. The study also contributes to extending the scope of research into triadic service interactions.
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Dhakal, Prajwal, Elizabeth Lyden, Avantika Pyakuryal, Manoj P. Rai, and Vijaya Raj Bhatt. "Using Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) to predict outcomes of older patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e18751-e18751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e18751.
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e18751 Background: A large-scale study specifically analyzing an association between comorbidity burden and outcomes is lacking in APL. We hypothesized that a greater comorbidity burden independently predicts worse outcomes in patients ≥60 years with APL. Methods: We utilized the National Cancer Database to identify patients ≥60 years diagnosed with APL between 2004 and 2015. CCI scores were used to evaluate comorbidity burden, and patients were divided into 3 groups with CCI of 0, 1, and ≥2. We used chi-square test to determine association between CCI and different variables. Multiple logistic regression analyses and Cox regression models evaluated the effects of CCI on one-month mortality and overall survival (OS), respectively. Results: Of 2221 patients, 59% had CCI of 0, 27% had CCI 1, and 14% had CCI ≥2. Compared to patients with CCI 1 or CCI ≥2, a higher proportion of patients with CCI 0 had private insurance, and higher education and income status, were treated at academic centers, and received multiagent therapy. One-month mortality was 16%, 24%, and 32% for patients with CCI 0, 1, and ≥2, respectively. After adjusting for other co-variates, patients with CCI 0 had lower one-month mortality compared to CCI 1 (Odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-2.16, p < 0.001) and CCI ≥ 2 (Odds ratio 2.31, 95% CI 1.70-3.13, p < 0.001). Three-year OS was 61%, 53%, and 38% for patients with CCI 0, 1, and ≥2, respectively. After adjusting for other co-variates, OS was worse among patients with CCI 1 (Hazard ratio 1.27, 95% CI 1.10-1.46, p-value < 0.001) and CCI ≥2 (Hazard ratio 1.74, 95% CI 1.48-2.06, p-value < 0.001), compared to patients with CCI 0. Conclusions: Our study is among the first and the largest to examine an association between comorbidity burden and outcomes in older adults with APL. Greater comorbidity burden, indicated by higher CCI, predicted worse one-month mortality and OS, after adjusting for other co-variates. Thus, our study results establish CCI as an important and independent predictor of outcomes in APL. The study results can inform personalized estimates of mortality and OS based on comorbidity burden and facilitate treatment decision-making. Given the significant differences in outcomes of older adults based on comorbidity burden, future trials in APL should present comorbidity data and consider utilizing CCI to risk-stratify patients.
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Dhakal, Prajwal, Elizabeth Lyden, Avantika Pyakuryal, and Vijaya Raj Bhatt. "Predicting early mortality and overall survival (OS) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) based on Charlson comorbidity index (CCI)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e19017-e19017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e19017.
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e19017 Background: CCI is an established tool used to measure the comorbidity burden in patients, with higher CCI signifying a greater comorbidity burden. We performed a large database analysis to evaluate CCI as a predictor of one-month mortality and OS in patients < 60 years with APL. Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we identified a total of 4969 patients < 60 years diagnosed with APL between 2004 and 2015. We divided patients into 3 groups with CCI of 0, 1, and ≥2. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of CCI on one-month mortality. Cox regression model determined the impact of CCI on OS. Results: Seventy-eight percent of patients had CCI of 0; 16% had CCI 1, and 6% had CCI ≥2. Median age was 42 years (range 0-59), and patients 41-59 years comprised 53% of the total cohort. Fifty-one percent were female, 32% were treated at academic centers, and 67% had private insurance. One-month mortality was 5%, 14%, and 25% for patients with CCI 0, 1 and ≥2, respectively. After adjusting for other co-variates, one-month mortality was worse for patients with CCI 1 (Odds ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0-3.4, p < 0.001) and CCI ≥2 (Odds ratio 5.3, 95% CI 3.9-7.4, p < 0.001) compared to patients with CCI 0. Median 5-year OS was 85%, 71%, and 60% for patients with CCI 0, 1, and ≥2, respectively. After adjusting for other co-variates, OS was worse for patients with CCI 1 (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.8, 95% CI 1.5-2.1, p < 0.001), and CCI ≥2 (HR 2.7, 95% CI 2.2-3.3, p < 0.001) compared to patients with CCI 0. Patients 41-59 years had worse OS than 0-18 years (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3-4.5, p = 0.003). Private insurance was associated with better OS than Medicare (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.7-2.6, p < 0.001) and Medicaid/other government insurance (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This is one of the first and the largest database analyses examining the prognostic association of comorbidity burden in younger patients with APL. CCI independently predicted both one-month mortality and OS. Compared to CCI of 0, one-month mortality increased by 2.5-fold with CCI 1 and more than five-fold with CCI ≥2. The higher chances of one-month mortality in patients with greater comorbidity burden may reflect the risks associated with initial APL diagnosis and treatment such as coagulopathy, infection, and differentiation syndrome. One-month mortality was the key driver for OS. OS was also worse among patients with higher CCI. Our results indicate CCI as an important predictor of one-month mortality and OS in APL. CCI should be taken into consideration while interpreting clinical trial results.
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Lee, Sangmi, Yi Chen, Lisa Gorski, Todd J. Ward, Jason Osborne, and Sophia Kathariou. "Listeria monocytogenesSource Distribution Analysis Indicates Regional Heterogeneity and Ecological Niche Preference among Serotype 4b Clones." mBio 9, no. 2 (April 17, 2018): e00396-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00396-18.
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ABSTRACTBiodiversity analysis of the foodborne pathogenListeria monocytogenesrecently revealed four serotype 4b major hypervirulent clonal complexes (CCs), i.e., CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6. Hypervirulence was indicated by overrepresentation of these clones, and serotype 4b as a whole, among human clinical isolates in comparison to food. However, data on potential source-dependent partitioning among serotype 4b clones in diverse regions are sparse. We analyzed a panel of 347 serotype 4b isolates, primarily from North America, to determine the distribution of clones in humans, other animals, food, and water. CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6 predominated, but surprisingly, only three clones, i.e., CC2 and the singleton sequence types (STs) ST382 and ST639, exhibited significant source-dependent associations, with higher propensity for food (CC2) or water (ST382 and ST639) than other sources. Pairwise comparisons between human and food isolates identified CC4 as the only serotype 4b clone significantly overrepresented among human isolates. Our analysis also revealed several serotype 4b clones emerging in North America. Two such emerging clones, ST382 (implicated in several outbreaks since 2014) and ST639, were primarily encountered among human and water isolates. Findings suggest that in spite of the ubiquity of CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6, regional heterogeneity in serotype 4b is substantially larger than previously surmised. Analysis of even large strain panels from one region may not adequately predict clones unique to, and emerging in, other areas. Serotype 4b clonal complexes may differ in ecological niche preference, suggesting the need to further elucidate reservoirs and vehicles, especially for emerging clones.IMPORTANCEInListeria monocytogenes, serotype 4b strains are leading contributors to human disease, but intraserotype distributions among different sources and regions remain poorly elucidated. Analysis of 347 serotype 4b isolates from four different sources, mostly from North America, confirmed the overall predominance of the major clones CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6 but found that only CC4 was significantly associated with human disease, while CC2 was significantly associated with food. Remarkably, several emerging clones were identified among human isolates from North America, with some of these also exhibiting a propensity for surface water. The latter included the singleton clones ST382, implicated in several outbreaks in the United States since 2014, and ST639. These clones were noticeably underrepresented among much larger panels from other regions. Though associated with North America for the time being, they may eventually become globally disseminated through the food trade or other venues.
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Yamazaki, Yoko, Masahiro Umino, Haruhisa Fukayama, and Masahiko Shimada. "The Effect of Alternating Current Iontophoresis on Rats with the Chronic Constriction Injury to the Infraorbital Nerve." International Journal of Dentistry 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/405292.
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This study aimed to examine the effect of AC iontophoresis on rats with the chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the infraorbital nerve by animal experiments. CCI model rats were divided into four groups, namely, rats that received general anesthesia for 60 min except AC IOP (CCI:n=5), AC IOP with 0.9% physiological saline for 60 min (CCI + saline AC IOP:n=5), AC IOP with 4% lidocaine hydrochloride for 60 min (CCI + lidocaine AC IOP:n=5), and attachment of two electrodes soaked with 4% lidocaine hydrochloride to the facial skin for 60 min (CCI + attach lidocaine:n=5). In the CCI + lidocaine AC IOP group, an elevated withdrawal threshold was observed after AC IOP, and the duration of efficacy was longer compared with that in the CCI + saline AC IOP and CCI + attached lidocaine groups. A significant decrease in the number of Fos-like immunoreactive (LI) cells was observed in the CCI + lidocaine AC IOP group compared with that in the CCI group. These findings suggest that the effect of CCI + lidocaine AC IOP group may be caused by active permeation of lidocaine into the facial skin and electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nucleus.
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Ajibawo, Temitope, Oluwatimilehin Okunowo, and Adeniyi Okunade. "Impact of Comorbidity Burden on Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Outcomes." Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology 16 (January 2022): 117954682211082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11795468221108212.
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Background: There is limited data on the impact of comorbidity burden on clinical outcomes of patients undergoing cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) implantation. Objectives: Our aim was to assess trends in CIED implantations and explore the relationship between comorbidity burden and outcomes in patients undergoing de novo implantations. Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2000 to 2014, we identified adults ⩾18 years undergoing de novo CIED procedures. Comorbidity burden was assessed by Charlson comorbidity Index (CCI), and patients were classified into 4 categories based on their CCI scores (CCI = 0, CCI = 1, CCI = 2, CCI ⩾3). Annual implantation trends were evaluated. Logistic regression was conducted to measure the association between categorized comorbidity burden and outcomes. Results: A total of 3 103 796 de-novo CIED discharge records were identified from the NIS database. About 22.4% had a CCI score of 0, 28.2% had a CCI score of 1, 22% had a CCI score of 2, and 27.4 % had a CCI score ⩾3. Annual de-novo CIED implantations peaked in 2006 and declined steadily from 2010 to 2014. Compared to CCI 0, CCI ⩾3 was independently associated with increased odds of in-hospital mortality, bleeding, pericardial, and cardiac complications (all P < .05). Length of stay and hospital charges increased with increasing comorbidity burden. Conclusions: CCI is a significant predictor of adverse outcomes after CIED implantation. Therefore, comorbidity burden needs to be considered in the decision-making process for CIED implant candidates.
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Ardiansyah, Muhammad, Budi Nugroho, and Khalimatus Sa'diyah. "Estimasi Kadar Klorofil Dan Kadar N Daun Jagung Menggunakan Chlorophyll Content Index." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 24, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.24.2.53-61.
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Kadar klorofil berkaitan dengan kondisi tanaman, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menaksir kadar hara pada tanaman. Pengukuran kadar klorofil daun secara konvensional membutuhkan waktu dan biaya, sehingga perlu dikembangkan teknologi yang cepat dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (a) menganalisa indek kadar klorofil (Chlorofil Content Index, CCI) dan kadar klorofil daun pada 10 perlakuan dosis pupuk termasuk kontrol dan beberapa fase pertumbuhan jagung, (b) menganalisa hubungan antara CCI dan kadar klorofil daun, dan (c) menganalisa hubungan CCI dan kadar N. Pada penelitian ini CCI diukur dengan klorofil meter, sedangkan kadar klorofil dan kadar N daun masing-masing diukur dengan spektrofotometer dan metode Kjeldahl. Hubungan antara CCI terhadap kadar klorofil dan kadar N dianalisis pada umur 4 dan 8 minggu setelah tanam (MST) dengan model regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pola kurva CCI pada semua perlakuan dosis mirip yang ditunjukan oleh CCI semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur tanaman dan kemudian menurun dengan menuanya tanaman. Dosis pupuk berpengaruh nyata pada CCI kecuali pada umur 2 dan 3 MST, dimana nilai tertinggi CCI temukan pada dosis pupuk dengan kecukupan hara tinggi yaitu 2 Ultra Gen (UG) + 2/3 Standar (STD) pada umur 7 MST. CCI dan kadar klorofil memiliki hubungan linear positif pada umur 4 MST dan 8 MST dengan korelasi tergolong kuat (r = 0,67) dan sangat kuat (r = 0.76). Model hubungan CCI dengan kadar N daun menunjukan korealsi positif sangat kuat pada umur 8 MST dengan persamaan N (%) = 0,019*CCI + 1,795 (r = 0,75). Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa pengukuran CCI dengan klorofil meter bisa digunakan untuk memperkirakan status hara N daun tanaman.
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Enenkel, Markus, Christoph Reimer, Wouter Dorigo, Wolfgang Wagner, Isabella Pfeil, Robert Parinussa, and Richard De Jeu. "Combining satellite observations to develop a global soil moisture product for near-real-time applications." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 10 (October 17, 2016): 4191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4191-2016.
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Abstract. The soil moisture dataset that is generated via the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) of the European Space Agency (ESA) (ESA CCI SM) is a popular research product. It is composed of observations from 10 different satellites and aims to exploit the individual strengths of active (radar) and passive (radiometer) sensors, thereby providing surface soil moisture estimates at a spatial resolution of 0.25°. However, the annual updating cycle limits the use of the ESA CCI SM dataset for operational applications. Therefore, this study proposes an adaptation of the ESA CCI product for daily global updates via satellite-derived near-real-time (NRT) soil moisture observations. In order to extend the ESA CCI SM dataset from 1978 to present we use NRT observations from the Advanced Scatterometer on-board the two MetOp satellites and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 on-board GCOM-W. Since these NRT observations do not incorporate the latest algorithmic updates, parameter databases and intercalibration efforts, by nature they offer a lower quality than reprocessed offline datasets. In addition to adaptations of the ESA CCI SM processing chain for NRT datasets, the quality of the NRT datasets is a main source of uncertainty. Our findings indicate that, despite issues in arid regions, the new CCI NRT dataset shows a good correlation with ESA CCI SM. The average global correlation coefficient between CCI NRT and ESA CCI SM (Pearson's R) is 0.80. An initial validation with 40 in situ observations in France, Spain, Senegal and Kenya yields an average R of 0.58 and 0.49 for ESA CCI SM and CCI NRT, respectively. In summary, the CCI NRT product is nearly as accurate as the existing ESA CCI SM product and, therefore, of significant value for operational applications such as drought and flood forecasting, agricultural index insurance or weather forecasting.
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Hayashi, Ken, Tatsuhiko Sato, Motoaki Yoshida, and Koichi Yoshimura. "Corneal shape changes of the total and posterior cornea after temporal versus nasal clear corneal incision cataract surgery." British Journal of Ophthalmology 103, no. 2 (May 18, 2018): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311710.
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AimTo compare changes in the shape and astigmatism of the total and posterior cornea between eyes with a nasal clear corneal incision (CCI) and eyes with a temporal CCI in cataract surgery.MethodsThe left eyes of 100 patients undergoing phacoemulsification were randomly assigned to undergo a 2.4 mm nasal (nasal CCI group) or temporal CCI (temporal CCI group). Corneal astigmatic changes were compared between groups using power vector analysis, and corneal shape changes were compared using videokeratography maps at 2 days, and at 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively.ResultsThe mean J0 and J45 values of the total cornea were significantly greater in the nasal CCI group than in the temporal CCI group at 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively (p≤0.0392), but did not differ significantly between groups at 2 days and 8 weeks. The videokeratography maps revealed a wedge-shaped flattening in the total cornea and a steepening in the posterior cornea around the CCIs in both groups at 2 days postoperatively; those were more prominent in the nasal CCI group than in the temporal CCI group. The wound-related changes diminished by 8 weeks postoperatively in the total and posterior cornea, and were not markedly different between groups at 8 weeks postoperatively.ConclusionCorneal shape and astigmatic changes were comparable between groups at 8 weeks postoperatively, although the changes were greater after nasal CCI than after temporal CCI in the early postoperative periods, indicating that nasal or temporal CCI can be selected based on the surgeon’s preference.
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Enenkel, M., C. Reimer, W. Dorigo, W. Wagner, I. Pfeil, R. Parinussa, and R. De Jeu. "Combining satellite observations to develop a daily global soil moisture product for a wide range of applications." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 11 (November 3, 2015): 11549–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-11549-2015.
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Abstract. The soil moisture dataset that is generated via the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) of the European Space Agency (ESA) (ESA CCI SM) is a popular research product. It is composed of observations from nine different satellites and aims to exploit the individual strengths of active (radar) and passive (radiometer) sensors, thereby providing surface soil moisture estimates at a spatial resolution of 0.25°. However, the annual updating cycle limits the use of the ESA CCI SM dataset for operational applications. Therefore, this study proposes an adaptation of the ESA CCI processing chain for daily global updates via satellite-derived near real-time (NRT) soil moisture observations. In order to extend the ESA CCI SM dataset from 1978 to present we use NRT observations from the Advanced SCATterometer on-board the MetOp satellites and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 on-board GCOM-W. Since these NRT observations do not incorporate the latest algorithmic updates, parameter databases, and intercalibration efforts, by nature they offer a lower quality than reprocessed offline datasets. Our findings indicate that, despite issues in arid regions, the new "CCI NRT" dataset shows a good correlation with ESA CCI SM. The average global correlation coefficient between CCI NRT and ESA CCI SM (Pearson's R) is 0.8. An initial validation with 40 in-situ observations in France, Kenya, Senegal and Kenya yields an average R of 0.58 and 0.49 for ESA CCI SM and CCI NRT respectively. In summary, the CCI NRT dataset is getting ready for operational use, supporting applications such as drought and flood monitoring, weather forecasting or agricultural applications.
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Sasagawa, Taiga, Tomoko Kawaguchi Akitsu, Reiko Ide, Kentaro Takagi, Satoru Takanashi, Tatsuro Nakaji, and Kenlo Nishida Nasahara. "Accuracy Assessment of Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) and Chlorophyll Carotenoid Index (CCI) Derived from GCOM-C/SGLI with In Situ Data." Remote Sensing 14, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 5352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215352.
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The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and the chlorophyll carotenoid index (CCI) are carotenoid-sensitive vegetation indices, which can monitor vegetation’s photosynthetic activities. One unique satellite named “Global Change Observation Mission-Climate (GCOM-C)” is equipped with a sensor, “Second Generation Global Imager (SGLI)”, which has the potential to frequently and simultaneously observe PRI and CCI over a wide swath. However, the observation accuracy of PRI and CCI derived from GCOM-C/SGLI remains unclear in forests. Thus, we demonstrated their accuracy assessment by comparing them with in situ data. We collected in situ spectral irradiance data at four forest sites in Japan for three years. We statistically compared satellite PRI with in situ PRI, and satellite CCI with in situ CCI. From the obtained results, the satellite PRI showed poor agreement (the best: r=0.294 (p<0.05)) and the satellite CCI showed good agreement (the best: r=0.911 (p<0.001)). The greater agreement of satellite CCI is possibly because satellite CCI contained fewer outliers and satellite CCI was more resistant to small noise, compared to satellite PRI. Our results suggest that the satellite CCI is more suitable for practical use than the satellite PRI with the latest version (version 3) of GCOM-C/SGLI’s products.
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Dong, Zhiqiang, Yong Sun, Peihua Lu, Yanqing Wang, and Gencheng Wu. "Electroacupuncture and Lumbar Transplant of GDNF-Secreting Fibroblasts Synergistically Attenuate Hyperalgesia after Sciatic Nerve Constriction." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 41, no. 03 (January 2013): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x1350033x.
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Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to induce potent analgesic effects on neuropathic pain in both patients and rodents. Cell therapy to release antinociceptive agents near the pain processing centers of the spinal cord is a promising next step in the development of treatment modalities. This study investigated the effects of the combination of EA and cell therapy by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on neuropathic pain in rats. The hyperalgesic state was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve and fibroblasts genetically modified to secrete bioactive GDNF (FBs-GDNF) were used for cell therapy. Fifty-eight rats with neuropathic pain were randomly divided into five groups (CCI+PBS, n = 11; CCI+FBs-GDNF, n = 12; CCI+EA+PBS, n = 11; CCI+EA+FBs-pLNCX2, n = 12; CCI+EA+FBs-GDNF, n = 12). On the 7th day after CCI, the rats received intrathecal transplantation of FBs-GDNF or control fibroblasts (FBs-pLNCX2). In the meantime, EA was administered once every other day from the 7th day after CCI surgery for 21 days. The paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to radiant heat was measured every other day. The results showed that the ipsilateral PWL of the rats from all three EA treatment groups significantly increased starting on the 12th day compared with the PBS control group. Strikingly, the group which received EA treatment and FBs-GDNF transplantation (CCI+EA+FBs-GDNF) showed a significantly decreased thermal hyperalgesia after 2 weeks post CCI surgery compared with the groups which received EA treatment and FBs-pLNCX2 transplantation (CCI+EA+FBs-pLNCX2) or PBS (CCI+EA+PBS) as well as the FBs-GDNF transplantation group without EA treatment (CCI+FBs-GDNF). Our data suggest that EA and cell therapy can synergistically attenuate hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain rats.
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Goyal, Jatinder, Gregory Russell Pond, Matt D. Galsky, Ryan Hendricks, Alexander C. Small, Che-Kai Tsao, and Guru Sonpavde. "Study of the impact of Charlson comorbidity index and hypertension on survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2013): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.111.
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111 Background: Clinical and laboratory factors, i.e. visceral metastasis, anemia, LDH, PSA, PSA-doubling time, bone scan progression, pain, performance status (PS), are recognized to be prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We sought to determine if the Charlson comorbidity Index (CCI) and hypertension (HTN) provide prognostic information independent of these known factors. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 221 patients with mCRPC treated with docetaxel plus prednisone (DP) combined with AT-101 (bcl-2 antagonist) or placebo on a randomized phase II trial. Both arms of the trial were combined since no differences in outcomes or toxicities were observed. Wilcoxon rank sum test and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare data by comorbidity groups (CCI as a continuous variable, CCI = 6 vs. CCI ≥7 and HTN vs. no HTN). Cox regression analysis was done to identify whether CCI or HTN independently predicted OS after adjusting for trial stratification factors (pain, performance status), nomogram, risk-groups and PCWG-2 clinical sub-types. Results: CCI was 6 in 116 patients (52.7%) whereas it was 7 in 70 (31.8%), 8 in 23 (10.5%), 9 in (1.8%) and 10 in 7 patients (3.2%) respectively. HTN was present in 107 (48.6%) patients. Patients with HTN had increased CCI (mean CCI 7.0 vs. 6.43, p < 0.001). Patients with CCI of ≥7 were older and exhibited worse ECOG-PS and anemia than patients with CCI of 6 (p<0.05). CCI was not found to be independently predictive of OS on univariable and multivariable analyses. HTN alone or in combination with CCI was borderline significantly associated with OS (p~0.08) on both univariable and multivariable analyses. Conclusions: CCI did not predict OS independent of known prognostic factors in mCRPC. Age, performance status and anemia may adequately capture comorbidities in the context of mCRPC, given their association with higher CCI. Further analysis of HTN in a larger dataset may be warranted given its borderline independent association with OS.
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Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ella Zomer, Ken Chin, Si Si, Peter Markey, Mark Tacey, Andrea Curtis, Sophia Zoungas, and Danny Liew. "Effect of Comorbidity Assessed by the Charlson Comorbidity Index on the Length of Stay, Costs and Mortality among Older Adults Hospitalised for Acute Stroke." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 2532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112532.
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The burden of comorbidity among stroke patients is high. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of comorbidity on the length of stay (LOS), costs, and mortality among older adults hospitalised for acute stroke. Among 776 older adults (mean age 80.1 ± 8.3 years; 46.7% female) hospitalised for acute stroke during July 2013 to December 2015 at a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia, we collected data on LOS, costs, and discharge outcomes. Comorbidity was assessed via the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), where a CCI score of 0–1 was considered low and a CCI ≥ 2 was high. Negative binomial regression and quantile regression were applied to examine the association between CCI and LOS and cost, respectively. Survival was evaluated with the Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. The median LOS was 1.1 days longer for patients with high CCI than for those with low CCI. In-hospital mortality rate was 18.2% (22.1% for high CCI versus 11.8% for low CCI, p < 0.0001). After controlling for confounders, high CCI was associated with longer LOS (incidence rate ratio [IRR]; 1.35, p < 0.0001) and increased likelihood of in-hospital death (hazard ratio [HR]; 1.91, p = 0.003). The adjusted median, 25th, and 75th percentile costs were AUD$2483 (26.1%), AUD$1446 (28.1%), and AUD$3140 (27.9%) higher for patients with high CCI than for those with low CCI. Among older adults hospitalised for acute stroke, higher global comorbidity (CCI ≥ 2) was associated adverse clinical outcomes. Measures to better manage comorbidities should be considered as part of wider strategies towards mitigating the social and economic impacts of stroke.
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Cheng, Kuang-I., Yu-Chin Chang, Li-Wen Chu, Su-Ling Hsieh, Li-Mei An, Zen-Kong Dai, and Bin-Nan Wu. "The Iridoid Glycoside Loganin Modulates Autophagic Flux Following Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 15873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415873.
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Autophagy facilitates the degradation of organelles and cytoplasmic proteins in a lysosome-dependent manner. It also plays a crucial role in cell damage. Whether loganin affects autophagy in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain remains unclear. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of loganin on the autophagic–lysosomal pathway in the rat CCI model. Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into sham, CCI, sham + loganin, and CCI + loganin. Loganin (5 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected once daily, and rats were sacrificed on day 7 after CCI. This study focused on the mechanism by which loganin modulates autophagic flux after CCI. CCI enhanced the autophagic marker LC3B-II in the ipsilateral spinal cord. The ubiquitin-binding protein p62 binds to LC3B-II and integrates into autophagosomes, which are degraded by autophagy. CCI caused the accumulation of p62, indicating the interruption of autophagosome turnover. Loganin significantly attenuated the expression of Beclin-1, LC3B-II, and p62. Double immunofluorescence staining was used to confirm that LC3B-II and p62 were reduced by loganin in the spinal microglia and astrocytes. Loganin also lessened the CCI-increased colocalization of both proteins. Enhanced lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) and pro-cathepsin D (pro-CTSD) in CCI rats were also attenuated by loganin, suggesting that loganin improves impaired lysosomal function and autophagic flux. Loganin also attenuated the CCI-increased apoptosis protein Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Loganin prevents CCI-induced neuropathic pain, which could be attributed to the regulation of neuroinflammation, neuronal autophagy, and associated cell death. These data suggest autophagy could be a potential target for preventing neuropathic pain.
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Cheng, Kuang-I., Kan-Ting Yang, Chien-Lun Kung, Yu-Chi Cheng, Jwu-Lai Yeh, Zen-Kong Dai, and Bin-Nan Wu. "BKCa Channel Inhibition by Peripheral Nerve Injury Is Restored by the Xanthine Derivative KMUP-1 in Dorsal Root Ganglia." Cells 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040949.
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This study explored whether KMUP-1 improved chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced BKCa current inhibition in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham, sham + KMUP-1, CCI, and CCI + KMUP-1 (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.). DRG neuronal cells (L4–L6) were isolated on day 7 after CCI surgery. Perforated patch-clamp and inside-out recordings were used to monitor BKCa currents and channel activities, respectively, in the DRG neurons. Additionally, DRG neurons were immunostained with anti-NeuN, anti-NF200 and anti-BKCa. Real-time PCR was used to measure BKCa mRNA levels. In perforated patch-clamp recordings, CCI-mediated nerve injury inhibited BKCa currents in DRG neurons compared with the sham group, whereas KMUP-1 prevented this effect. CCI also decreased BKCa channel activity, which was recovered by KMUP-1 administration. Immunofluorescent staining further demonstrated that CCI reduced BKCa-channel proteins, and KMUP-1 reversed this. KMUP-1 also changed CCI-reduced BKCa mRNA levels. KMUP-1 prevented CCI-induced neuropathic pain and BKCa current inhibition in a peripheral nerve injury model, suggesting that KMUP-1 could be a potential agent for controlling neuropathic pain.
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Yang, Yan, Cody Cox, and YoonJung Cho. "Development and Initial Validation of Cultural Competence Inventory–Preservice Teachers." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 38, no. 3 (May 18, 2019): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282919848890.
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Despite the critical role of emotions in multicultural teacher education, no attempt has been made to develop an instrument including affect as a dimension in measuring cultural competence for preservice teachers. To bridge this gap, the present three-study research used three distinct samples of 456 preservice teachers to develop and estimate the reliability of scores and validity of inferences for Cultural Competence Inventory–Preservice Teachers (CCI-PT), an 18-item instrument including three subscales: emotional cultural competence (ECC), behavioral cultural competence (BCC), and cognitive cultural competence (CCC). The three-factor model was supported using exploratory factor analysis ( N = 203) in Study 1 and confirmatory factor analyses ( N = 199) in Study 2. Correlation results provided preliminary evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of CCI-PT in Study 1, and regression results in Study 3 ( N = 113) provided initial evidence of predictive validity of inference for the instrument. Further, the scores of cultural competence assessed through three independent studies also provided initial evidence of the reliability of CCI-PT.
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Peixoto, Jennifer Granja, Alessandra Germano Dias, Laís Maini Miranda, Érica Cesário Defilipo, Manuella Barbosa Feitosa, and Paula Silva de Carvalho Chagas. "Análise de confiabilidade de medidas das pressões plantares estática e dinâmica de crianças e adolescentes com desenvolvimento normal." Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 24, no. 1 (March 2017): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/16222224012017.
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RESUMO A pressão plantar é utilizada na avaliação clínica do pé e informa características da distribuição de carga plantar em atividades funcionais. Diversos instrumentos de avaliação podem ser utilizados e devem ter as propriedades psicométricas analisadas. A confiabilidade teste-reteste é uma medida de reprodutibilidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a confiabilidade teste-reteste das medidas de pressão máxima na estática e dinâmica de crianças e adolescentes com desenvolvimento normal (DN). Onze crianças e adolescentes com DN, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 6 e 17 anos foram avaliados duas vezes, em uma plataforma sensível à pressão plantar em ortostatismo, com e sem calçado usual, com os pés posicionados de forma livre (passo interrompido) e com os pés alinhados. Dados dinâmicos foram obtidos pela caminhada sobre a plataforma com e sem calçado. Coeficientes de correlação intraclasse (CCI) foram analisados (α=0,05). Os CCI foram consistentes para: descarga de peso (DP) anterior calçado (CCI=0,83) e DP posterior descalço (CCI=0,95) e calçado (CCI=0,83) durante a análise estática com o passo interrompido. Também foram consistentes para a variável DP estática do membro inferior (MI) direito (CCI=0,86) e esquerdo (CCI=0,82) com passo interrompido descalço e, com os pés alinhados, utilizando calçados (CCI=0,82). Na análise do MI esquerdo, com o uso de calçado, a variável pressão máxima também gerou resultado satisfatório (CCI=0,85). As demais variáveis apresentaram variação de CCI entre 0,25 e 0,74, consideradas insatisfatórias. Conclui-se que os valores de CCI foram considerados excelentes para algumas condições estáticas e inconsistentes na avaliação dinâmica.
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Kristoffersen, Malfrid H., Eva H. Dybvik, Ole M. Steihaug, Torbjørn B. Kristensen, Lars B. Engesæter, Anette H. Ranhoff, and Jan-Erik Gjertsen. "Patient-reported outcome measures after hip fracture in patients with chronic cognitive impairment." Bone & Joint Open 2, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 454–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.27.bjo-2021-0058.r1.
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Aims Hip fracture patients have high morbidity and mortality. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) assess the quality of care of patients with hip fracture, including those with chronic cognitive impairment (CCI). Our aim was to compare PROMs from hip fracture patients with and without CCI, using the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register (NHFR). Methods PROM questionnaires at four months (n = 34,675) and 12 months (n = 24,510) after a hip fracture reported from 2005 to 2018 were analyzed. Pre-injury score was reported in the four-month questionnaire. The questionnaires included the EuroQol five-dimension three-level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire, and information about who completed the questionnaire. Results Of the 34,675 included patients, 5,643 (16%) had CCI. Patients with CCI were older (85 years vs 81 years) (p < 0.001), and had a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification compared to patients without CCI. CCI was unrelated to fracture type and treatment method. EQ-5D index scores were lower in patients with CCI after four months (0.37 vs 0.60; p < 0.001) and 12 months (0.39 vs 0.64; p < 0.001). Patients with CCI had lower scores for all dimensions of the EQ-5D-3L pre-fracture and at four and 12 months. Conclusion Patients with CCI reported lower health-related quality of life pre-fracture, at four and 12 months after the hip fracture. PROM data from hip fracture patients with CCI are valuable in the assessment of treatment. Patients with CCI should be included in future studies. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(7):454–465.
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Fu, Huiqun, Fenghua Li, Sebastian Thomas, and Zhongjin Yang. "Hyperbaric oxygenation alleviates chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain and inhibits GABAergic neuron apoptosis in the spinal cord." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 17, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.08.014.
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AbstractBackground and aimsDysfunction of GABAergic inhibitory controls contributes to the development of neuropathic pain. We examined our hypotheses that (1) chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain is associated with increased spinal GABAergic neuron apoptosis, and (2) hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) alleviates CCI-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting GABAergic neuron apoptosis.MethodsMale rats were randomized into 3 groups: CCI, CCI+HBO and the control group (SHAM). Mechanical allodynia was tested daily following CCI procedure. HBO rats were treated at 2.4 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 60 min once per day. The rats were euthanized and the spinal cord harvested on day 8 and 14 post-CCI. Detection of GABAergic cells and apoptosis was performed. The percentages of double positive stained cells (NeuN/GABA), cleaved caspase-3 or Cytochrome C in total GABAergic cells or in total NeuN positive cells were calculated.ResultsHBO significantly alleviated mechanical allodynia. CCI-induced neuropathic pain was associated with significantly increased spinal apoptotic GABA-positive neurons. HBO considerably decreased these spinal apoptotic cells. Cytochrome-C-positive neurons and cleaved caspase-3-positive neurons were also significantly higher in CCI rats. HBO significantly decreased these positive cells. Caspase-3 mRNA was also significantly higher in CCI rats. HBO reduced mRNA expression of caspase-3.ConclusionsCCI-induced neuropathic pain was associated with increased apoptotic GABAergic neurons induced by activation of key proteins of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. HBO alleviated CCI-induced neuropathic pain and reduced GABAergic neuron apoptosis. The beneficial effect of HBO may be via its inhibitory role in CCI-induced GABAergic neuron apoptosis by suppressing mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in the spinal cord.ImplicationsIncreased apoptotic GABAergic neurons induced by activation of key proteins of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord is critical in CCI-induced neuropathic pain. The inhibitory role of HBO in GABAergic neuron apoptosis suppresses ongoing neuropathic pain.
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Xu, Zhaomin, Carla Francesca Justiniano, Adan Z. Becerra, Christopher Thomas Aquina, Francis P. Boscoe, Maria J. Schymura, Larissa K. F. Temple, and Fergal J. Fleming. "Surgeon and hospital variation in adjuvant chemotherapy delivery to patients with stage III colon cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 3596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.3596.
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3596 Background: It is well established that age and comorbidities have significant impact on adjuvant chemotherapy delivery to stage III colon cancer patients. This study examines differences in the hospital and surgeon-specific probabilities of adjuvant therapy delivery to stage III colon cancer patients by comorbidity burden and age. Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for stage III colon cancer from 2004-2013 were included from the New York State Cancer Registry and the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System. Comorbidity burden was defined with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Multilevel logistic regressions characterized variation in adjuvant chemotherapy delivery among individual hospitals and surgeons by CCI and age. Results: 11575 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 59% received adjuvant therapy. Younger age, lower CCI, and high volume surgeons/hospitals were associated with delivery of adjuvant therapy (p < 0.01). Median time to chemotherapy was 43 days among CCI = 0 vs 48 among CCI≥2. The risk adjusted hospital and surgeon-specific probabilities of adjuvant delivery decreased with increasing CCI and age. The proportion of variation attributable to surgeons, vs hospitals, increased with CCI and age. Hospital variation between the highest and lowest hospitals increased from a 6-fold difference among CCI = 0 to an 11 fold difference among CCI≥2. Surgeon variation increased from a 14-fold difference among CCI = 0 to a 40 fold difference among CCI≥2. Conclusions: Variation in adjuvant chemotherapy delivery to stage III colon cancer patients increased with higher comorbidity burden and age. While a larger proportion of variation is attributable to surgeons among patients with the highest CCI and the most elderly, the vast majority of the variation is related to hospital factors. Even taking into account that some patients may be unfit for adjuvant therapy, this variation in treatment is alarmingly high. [Table: see text]
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Wong, Melisa L., Timothy L. McMurry, Jessica R. Schumacher, Chung-Yuan Hu, George J. Stukenborg, Amanda B. Francescatti, Caprice C. Greenberg, et al. "Comorbidity Assessment in the National Cancer Database for Patients With Surgically Resected Breast, Colorectal, or Lung Cancer (AFT-01, -02, -03)." Journal of Oncology Practice 14, no. 10 (October 2018): e631-e643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.18.00175.
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Purpose: Accurate comorbidity measurement is critical for cancer research. We evaluated comorbidity assessment in the National Cancer Database (NCDB), which uses a code-based Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index (CCI), and compared its prognostic performance with a chart-based CCI and individual comorbidities in a national sample of patients with breast, colorectal, or lung cancer. Patients and Methods: Through an NCDB Special Study, cancer registrars re-abstracted perioperative comorbidities for 11,243 patients with stage II to III breast cancer, 10,880 with stage I to III colorectal cancer, and 9,640 with stage I to III lung cancer treated with definitive surgical resection in 2006-2007. For each cancer type, we compared the prognostic performance of the NCDB code-based CCI (categorical: 0 or missing data, 1, 2+), Special Study chart-based CCI (continuous), and 18 individual comorbidities in three separate Cox proportional hazards models for postoperative 5-year overall survival. Results: Comorbidity was highest among patients with lung cancer (13.2% NCDB CCI 2+) and lowest among patients with breast cancer (2.8% NCDB CCI 2+). Agreement between the NCDB and Special Study CCI was highest for breast cancer (rank correlation, 0.50) and lowest for lung cancer (rank correlation, 0.40). The NCDB CCI underestimated comorbidity for 19.1%, 29.3%, and 36.2% of patients with breast, colorectal, and lung cancer, respectively. Within each cancer type, the prognostic performance of the NCDB CCI, Special Study CCI, and individual comorbidities to predict postoperative 5-year overall survival was similar. Conclusion: The NCDB underestimated comorbidity in patients with surgically resected breast, colorectal, or lung cancer, partly because the NCDB codes missing data as CCI 0. However, despite underestimation of comorbidity, the NCDB CCI was similar to the more complete measures of comorbidity in the Special Study in predicting overall survival.
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Thenjiwe Sithole and Jaco Du Toit. "A Cyber Counterintelligence Competence Framework." European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 21, no. 1 (June 8, 2022): 368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eccws.21.1.255.
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The increased use of cyberspace and technological advancement are fundamentally changing the cyber threat landscape. Cyberattacks are becoming more sophisticated, frequent, and destructive. Internationally, there is a growing acceptance that Cyber Counterintelligence (CCI) is essential to counter cyber-attacks optimally. Therefore, in addition to government intelligence and security agencies, more companies are incorporating a CCI approach as a critical element of their posture for engaging cyber threats. However, the successful adoption of a CCI approach depends on the availability of skilled CCI professionals equipped with the requisite competences. The creation of such CCI professionals, in turn, requires a framework for developing the necessary CCI competences. At least in as far as reviewed academic literature is concerned, there is no existing postulation on a framework to develop the CCI competences, specifically for developing countries. Given the complexity and multi-disciplinary nature of the emerging CCI field, such a framework needs to provide two distinctive skillsets linked to CCI’s two distinct areas of expertise, namely cyber (security) and counterintelligence. The paper presents a high-level Cyber Counterintelligence Competence Framework (CCIC Framework) that outlines dimensions of CCI, functional areas, job roles and requisite competences (knowledge, skills, and abilities), and tasks for each CCI job role. The CCI framework also outlines five levels of proficiency expected for each job role. The identification of competences and levels of proficiency are integral to the successful implementation of the framework and workforce development. The CCIC Framework is intended to be used as a tool to retain, assess, and monitor knowledge, skills, and abilities for CCI workforce development. In addition, the CCIC Framework can be used to assist in providing the basis for individual performance management, education, training, and development pathway, as well as career progression. Therefore, this paper presents a CCIC Framework which is an overarching, integrative construct that synergistically combines different components required to develop a competent workforce for the emerging field of CCI.
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Dhakal, Prajwal, Valerie Shostrom, Zaid Al-Kadhimi, Lori J. Maness, Krishna Gundabolu, and Vijaya Raj Bhatt. "Usefulness of Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) to predict early mortality and overall survival (OS) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e19129-e19129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e19129.
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e19129 Background: Increasing age is associated with greater comorbidity burden. We hypothesized that comorbidity burden predicts 1-month mortality and OS in patients (pts) aged ≥60 y with AML. Methods: We utilized the National Cancer Data Base to identify pts aged≥60 y with AML diagnosed between 2004-2014. Pts were divided into 3 groups with CCI scores of 0, 1 and ≥2. Chi-square tests were used to examine the association between CCI and different variables. Logistic regression and cox proportional hazard models were used to determine predictors of 1-month mortality and OS, respectively. Results: Of 50,668 pts, 65% had CCI of 0, 24% CCI of 1 and 11% CCI of ≥2. 34% did not receive chemotherapy. 4% underwent upfront hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). Pts with CCI of 0 were more likely to receive chemotherapy, especially multiagent chemotherapy (42% vs 39% vs 28%) and undergo HCT (4% vs 3% vs 1%). 1-month mortality was 24%, 34% and 45% for pts with CCI of 0, 1 and ≥2, respectively. In a multivariable analysis, 1-month mortality was worse with CCI of 1 (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.4-1.6) or CCI of ≥2 (OR 2.3, 95% CI 2.2-2.5) vs CCI of 0. Lower CCI, younger age, male sex, white race, higher annual income, private insurance, multiagent chemotherapy, receipt of HCT, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and diagnosis after 2009 were associated with improved OS (Table). Conclusions: In one of the largest real-world studies, we demonstrated that 1/3rd of newly diagnosed AML did not receive chemotherapy. Greater comorbidity, measured by higher CCI, was more common with increasing age, and correlated with lower likelihood of receiving chemotherapy. Higher CCI independently predicted worse early mortality and OS in older pts with AML. Trials are warranted to determine the effect of optimized comorbidity management and supportive care to reduce early mortality and improve OS. [Table: see text]
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Sarkaria, J. N., E. Galanis, W. Wu, C. Giannini, K. A. Jaeckle, L. Doyle, J. Uhm, P. Brown, A. B. Dietz, and J. Buckner. "NCCTG phase I trial of temsirolimus (CCI-779) and temozolomide (TMZ) in combination with radiation therapy (RT) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.2019.
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2019 Background: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) functions within the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway as a critical modulator of cell survival. We previously demonstrated significant synergy of the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus with RT in glioma xenografts. Methods: The standard cohorts of 3 design was applied with dose escalation of weekly IV CCI-779 in combination with standard TMZ/RT. CCI-779 was given during both RT (60 Gy)/TMZ (75 mg/m2 daily) and adjuvant TMZ (200 mg/m2 daily x 5 every 28 days). Results: A total of 17 patients were enrolled. CCI-779 therapy during RT/TMZ was well tolerated at dose level 0 (25 mg CCI-779, n = 3) and dose level 1 (50 mg CCI-779, n = 6) with 1 of 9 patients experiencing a DLT (Gr 3 fatigue). Dose level 2 (75 mg CCI-779) exceeded the maximally tolerated dose with two of six patients with DLT (<75% CCI-779 delivered; Gr 4 dyspnea). Despite reasonable tolerance during RT/TMZ, the overall regimen was associated with a high rate of infection associated with lymphopenia. After a patient died from PCP on cycle 2 of adjuvant TMZ/CCI-779, antibiotic prophylaxis was mandated. Two other patients died of gram-negative sepsis despite prophylaxis: one after their first dose of CCI-779 and one during cycle 4 of adjuvant therapy. In contrast to our 18% grade 5 infection rate, only 4% grade 3 (no grade 4/5) infections were observed in 26 other CTEP-sponsored clinical trials involving 1,006 patients treated with CCI-779. Results from translational studies evaluating the effects of treatment on immune function will be presented. Further infections were avoided on this trial after CCI-779 therapy was limited to RT/TMZ. Conclusions: Although CCI-779 in combination with RT/TMZ was well-tolerated, adjuvant therapy with TMZ/CCI-779 was associated with an increased risk of opportunistic infections. [Table: see text]
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Ghanem, Ahmed I., Remonda M. Khalil, Gehan Abd Elatti Khedr, Amy Tang, Amr A. Elsaid, Indrin Chetty, Benjamin Movsas, and Mohamed A. Elshaikh. "The impact of Charlson Comorbidity Index on survival outcomes in men with prostate cancer who underwent definitive prostate radiotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2019): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.114.
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114 Background: Life expectancy is very essential in deciding treatment options in men with prostate cancer (PCa); however, the impact of comorbidities on outcomes is not well-established. We investigated the influence of Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) on survival endpoints in men with localized PCa who were treated with prostate radiotherapy (RT). Methods: Men with intermediate and high risk PCa who were treated with definitive RT between 1/2007 and 12/2012 were included. Groups were created according to their baseline CCI score at diagnosis into no, mild and severe comorbidity (CCI 0, 1 or 2+). The groups were then compared based on patients’ characteristics and prognostic factors. Kaplan-Meier curves and Uni/multivariate analyses (MVA) were used to examine the impact of CCI groups on overall (OS), disease specific (DSS), and biochemical relapse free (BRFS) survival. Results: 257 patients were identified after excluding low risk, metastatic cases and those with inadequate follow up. Median follow-up was 92 months (range: 2-135) and median age was 73 years (range: 48-85). 53% of the cases were black and 67% were of intermediate risk. Median RT dose was 76 Gy and 47% received androgen deprivation therapy. CCI groups 0, 1 and 2+ encompassed 76 (30%), 54 (21%) and 127 (49%) patients, respectively. Groups were generally well-balanced. 10 and 15 years OS was significantly different across CCI groups (76% & 53%, 46% & 31% and 55% & 14%, for CCI-0, 1 and 2+ respectively; p < 0.001). CCI-0 had better DSS than CCI-2+ ( p = 0.03) with no difference for CCI-0 vs 1 ( p = 0.1). BRFS was non-different among CCI groups ( p = 0.99). On MVA, increased CCI was deterministic for OS ( p < 0.001) after adjusting for age, Gleason’s score and T-stage. For DSS, only age and T3 vs T1/2 were independently prognostic ( p < 0.001); whereas CCI-1 vs 0 was only marginal ( p = 0.05). Conclusions: Higher CCI was a significant predictor of shorter OS in intermediate and high-risk PCa. Baseline comorbidities should be taken into consideration during patient counselling for treatment options and in designing prospective trials for men with localized prostate cancer.
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Tu, Ru-Hong, Jian-Xian Lin, Ping Li, Jian-Wei Xie, Jia-Bin Wang, Jun Lu, Qi-Yue Chen, et al. "Comprehensive Complication Index Predicts Cancer-Specific Survival of Patients with Postoperative Complications after Curative Resection of Gastric Cancer." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2018 (November 19, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4396018.
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Objective. To investigate the prognostic impact of postoperative complications for patients with gastric cancer. Methods. Postoperative complications of patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer were reviewed. The severity of complications was graded by the CCI and C-D classification. Results. A total of 5327 patients were included in the study. Complications were observed in 767 patients. When the C-D classification system was applied, for patients with grade I–II complications, the length of stay (LOS) of those with high CCI (CCI ≥ 26.2) was significantly longer than that of patients with low CCI (CCI < 26.2) (p<0.001). The 5-year cancer-specific survival rate of patients with complications (52%) was lower than that of patients without complications (61%) (p<0.001). Analysis of the factors associated with prognosis in patients with gastric cancer revealed that complications were independent risk factors for specific survival. When CCI was used to classify complication severity, the 5-year cancer-specific survival rate of the high-CCI group was 46.3%, which was lower than that of the low-CCI group (54.9%, p=0.009). Conclusion. Complication after radical gastrectomy is an independent prognostic factor, and the complication severity as graded by CCI reflects the difference of cancer-specific survival in gastric cancer patients with postoperative complications.
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Chen, Yutian, and Oswald Chong. "Using the Best Value Approach to Improve Construction Project Performance in the Chinese Construction Industry." Journal for the Advancement of Performance Information and Value 13, no. 1 (August 21, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37265/japiv.v13i1.133.
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The Chinese Construction Industry (CCI) is struggling with poor project performance (including cost overruns, delays, and lower satisfaction ratings). Previous research has identified that other developing countries are struggling with similar issues. According to the available economic data (GDP, growth, corruption, etc.) the CCI is very similar to construction industries in Vietnam and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A literature review suggests that the CCI struggles with similar risks as these two countries. The primary difference between the CCI and other industries is the socialistic environment. Several research efforts have shown the Best Value Approach (BVA) to be a feasible solution to reconciling project performance in both Vietnam and Saudi Arabia. The research shown herein investigates whether the BVA is a feasible solution to performance issues in the CCI. Using available literature, the authors created an industry expert survey to investigate whether BVA concepts can address the performance issues in the CCI and if they can be implemented despite government policy. From 204 responses, the results suggest that most professionals are dissatisfied with the CCI performance, over 50% believe BVA concepts will improve the performance of the CCI, but only 40% believe that the BVA would be implementable in the CCI.
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Yu, Xiangdi, Fangxiang Zhang, and Bingning Chen. "Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupuncture Point Stimulation at Different Frequencies in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain." Acupuncture in Medicine 35, no. 2 (April 2017): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2016-011063.
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Background Acupuncture and related techniques are used worldwide to alleviate pain; however, their mechanisms of action are still not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupuncture point stimulation (TEAS) at different frequencies in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain in rats. Methods CCI was induced by ligating the common sciatic nerve, which produced neuropathic pain. 18 male Sprague–Dawley rats with CCI were randomly divided into three groups (n=6 each) that remained untreated (CCI group) or received TEAS at high frequency (CCI+TEAS-H group) or TEAS at low frequency (CCI+TEAS-L group). Rats in the CCI+TEAS-H group received high frequency stimulation (6–9 mA, 100 Hz) at GB34/GV26/ST36; those in the CCI+TEAS-L group received low frequency stimulation (6–9 mA, 2 Hz) at the same points. Rats in the control group had the same electrodes applied but received no stimulation. All three groups were subjected to behavioural studies after treatment. Expression of μ opioid receptors (MORs) in the L3–L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was determined by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting after treatment. Results Compared with the untreated CCI group, both mechanical allodynia and thermal hypergesia were significantly attenuated, and MOR expression in the DRG was significantly increased by low frequency TEAS treatment at GB34/GV26/ST36 (p<0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the CCI and CCI+TEAS-H groups. Conclusions The use of low frequency TEAS significantly mitigated neuropathic pain in this rat model, and its analgesic effect is likely mediated by upregulation of MOR expression in the DRG.
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Bautista, C. J., C. Guzmán, G. L. Rodríguez-González, and E. Zambrano. "Improvement in metabolic effects by dietary intervention is dependent on the precise nature of the developmental programming challenge." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 6, no. 4 (April 10, 2015): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174415001051.
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Predisposition to offspring metabolic dysfunction due to poor maternal nutrition differs with the developmental stage at exposure. Post-weaning nutrition also influences offspring phenotype in either adverse or beneficial ways. We studied a well-established rat maternal protein-restriction model to determine whether post-weaning dietary intervention improves adverse outcomes produced by a deficient maternal nutritional environment in pregnancy. Pregnant rats were fed a controlled diet (C, 20% casein) during pregnancy and lactation (CC) or were fed a restricted diet (R, 10% casein isocaloric diet) during pregnancy and C diet during lactation (RC). After weaning, the offspring were fed the C diet. At postnatal day (PND) 70 (young adulthood), female offspring either continued with the C diet (CCC and RCC) or were fed commercial Chow Purina 5001 (I) to further divide the animals into dietary intervention groups CCI and RCI. Another group of mothers and offspring were fed I throughout (III). Offspring food intake was averaged between PND 95–110 and 235–250 and carcass and liver compositions were measured at PND 25 and 250. Leptin (PND 110 and 250) and serum glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol (PND 250) levels were measured. Statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA. At PND 25, body and liver weights were similar between groups; however, CCC and RCC carcass protein:fat ratios were lower compared with III diet. At PND 110 and 250, offspring CCC and RCC had higher body weight, food intake and serum leptin compared with CCI and RCI. CCI had lower carcass fat and increased protein compared with CCC and improved fasting glucose and triglycerides. Adult dietary intervention partially overcomes adverse effects of programming. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms involved.
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AMIN, BAHAREH, KHALIL ABNOUS, VAHIDEH MOTAMEDSHARIATY, and HOSSEIN HOSSEINZADEH. "Attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis by ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Crocus sativus L. stigma after chronic constriction injury of rats." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 4 (December 2014): 1821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420140067.
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In our previous study, the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Crocus sativus elicited antinociceptive effects in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. In this study, we explored anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of such extracts in CCI animals. A total of 72 animals were divided as vehicle-treated CCI rats, sham group, CCI animals treated with the effective dose of aqueous and ethanolic extracts (200 mg/kg, i.p.). The lumbar spinal cord levels of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), were evaluated at days 3 and 7 after CCI (n=3, for each group). The apoptotic protein changes were evaluated at days 3 and 7 by western blotting. Oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione reduced (GSH), were measured on day 7 after CCI. Inflammatory cytokines levels increased in CCI animals on days 3 and 7, which were suppressed by both extracts. The ratio of Bax/ Bcl2 was elevated on day 3 but not on day 7, in CCI animals as compared to sham operated animals and decreased following treatment with both extracts at this time. Both extracts attenuated MDA and increased GSH levels in CCI animals. It may be concluded that saffron alleviates neuropathic pain, at least in part, through attenuation of proinflammatory cytokines, antioxidant activity and apoptotic pathways.
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Charlson, Mary E., Danilo Carrozzino, Jenny Guidi, and Chiara Patierno. "Charlson Comorbidity Index: A Critical Review of Clinimetric Properties." Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 91, no. 1 (2022): 8–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000521288.
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The present critical review was conducted to evaluate the clinimetric properties of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), an assessment tool designed specifically to predict long-term mortality, with regard to its reliability, concurrent validity, sensitivity, incremental and predictive validity. The original version of the CCI has been adapted for use with different sources of data, ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. The inter-rater reliability of the CCI was found to be excellent, with extremely high agreement between self-report and medical charts. The CCI has also been shown either to have concurrent validity with a number of other prognostic scales or to result in concordant predictions. Importantly, the clinimetric sensitivity of the CCI has been demonstrated in a variety of medical conditions, with stepwise increases in the CCI associated with stepwise increases in mortality. The CCI is also characterized by the clinimetric property of incremental validity, whereby adding the CCI to other measures increases the overall predictive accuracy. It has been shown to predict long-term mortality in different clinical populations, including medical, surgical, intensive care unit (ICU), trauma, and cancer patients. It may also predict in-hospital mortality, although in some instances, such as ICU or trauma patients, the CCI did not perform as well as other instruments designed specifically for that purpose. The CCI thus appears to be clinically useful not only to provide a valid assessment of the patient’s unique clinical situation, but also to demarcate major diagnostic and prognostic differences among subgroups of patients sharing the same medical diagnosis.
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Huang, Min-Hsin, Zhao-Hong Cheng, and I.-Chun Chen. "The importance of CSR in forming customer–company identification and long-term loyalty." Journal of Services Marketing 31, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-01-2016-0046.
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Purpose Promoting customer–company identification (CCI) has become a crucial relationship marketing strategy for service firms. The purpose of this study is to examine how customers’ perceptions of service quality and corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect CCI over time. More importantly, a comparative analysis is conducted to compare the long-term effectiveness of service quality versus CSR in forming CCI. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual framework is developed and then empirically examined using latent growth curve modeling. The study data were collected from restaurant customers in Taiwan in four waves of 213 repeated measures. Findings The results of this study show that customers’ perceptions of both service quality and CSR affect CCI. Particularly, the results of this study indicate that compared with service quality, customers’ perceived CSR has a stronger effect in the promotion of CCI over time. Practical implications This study offers a new insight for service marketing practitioners who are planning and implementing strategies for enhancing CCI. The findings suggest that relationship investments are more effective over the long term when service firms shift their investment priority over time from achieving high service quality to increasing consumers’ belief in the firm’s commitment to CSR. Originality/value Though previous research has explored the various drivers of CCI, longitudinal examinations are surprisingly scarce in this context. Using latent growth curve modeling, this study examines how CCI antecedents influence changes in CCI over time. More importantly, this study reveals that CSR has a stronger long-term impact on CCI than service quality.