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1
Beza, Abebe Dress, Mohammad Maghrour Zefreh, Adam Torok, and Anteneh Afework Mekonnen. "How PTV Vissim Has Been Calibrated for the Simulation of Automated Vehicles in Literature?" Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (October 26, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2548175.
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Recently, in the literature, microscopic simulation is one of the most attractive methods in impact assessment of automated vehicles (AVs) on traffic flow. AVs can be divided into different categories, each having different driving characteristics. Hence, calibrating microscopic simulators for different AV categories could be challenging in AVs’ impact assessment. The PTV Vissim microscopic traffic simulation software has been calibrated for simulating diverse types of AVs in a large body of literature. There are two main streams of studies in literature adapting AVs' driving behaviors in Vissim following either internal (i.e., adjusting the parameters of the Vissim's default driving behavior models) or external (i.e., adapting AVs' behavior through external VISSIM interfaces) modeling approaches. The current paper investigates how the PTV Vissim has been internally calibrated for the simulation of different types of AVs and compares the calibrated values in the literature with default values introduced in the recent version of PTV Vissim. In the present paper, the reviewed studies are partitioned into two main categories according to the characteristics of the studied AVs, the studies focused on autonomous automated vehicles (AAVs) and the ones focused on cooperative automated vehicles (CAVs). Our findings indicate that the literature expects a lower value for parameters including standstill distance (CC0), headway time (CC1), following variation (CC2), the threshold for entering “following” (CC3), negative/positive following thresholds (CC4/CC5), speed dependency of oscillation (CC6), oscillation acceleration (CC7), safety distance reduction factor (SDRF), and minimum headway front/rear (MinHW) for AVs than conventional vehicles (CVs). Besides, the literature expects higher values for parameters including standstill acceleration (CC8), acceleration at 80 km/h (CC9), looking distances, and maximum deceleration for cooperative braking (MaxDCB) for AVs. When cautious AVs are introduced, deterring effects are expected in the literature (e.g., higher CC0). Moreover, CAVs can have higher looking distance values compared with AAVs.
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Bespalova, T. Yu. "Distribution and genotypic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from humans and ruminants with common clinical and pathological phenotypes (neurolisterioses and abortions) (review)." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 23, no. 2 (2022): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.2.145-158.
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Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is an intracellular food pathogen that causes listeriosis in mammals in the form of sporadic cases or large outbreaks with a high mortality rate among humans and domestic ruminants. The determination of the sequence type (ST) and the clonal complex (CC) by multilocus sequencing (MLST) and other methods in L. monocytogenes strains from different sources allowed us to establish the existence of strains with organ tropism and causing forms of listeriosis common to humans and ruminants. The purpose of the review was to generalize the available data on the distribution and genotypic diversity of L. monocytogenes strains isolated during neurolisteriosis and abortions, their adaptation in the environment to determine a possible link between listeriosis of ruminants and humans. In general, the analysis of the differential distribution of STs/CCs of L. monocytogenes associated with humans and ruminants showed their significant variation, as well as the predominance of CCs (CC1, CC2, CC4, CC6, CC7, CC8, CC14, CC29, CC37, etc.) common to the studied host groups. Neurolisterioses in humans are mainly associated with hypervirulent CC1, CC6, CC4, CC2, in ruminants - CC1 and CC4, as well as CC8-16 and CC412. A special association of ST1 (CC1) with human and bovine neurolisteriosis has been determined, indicating increased neurotropism of ST1. In small ruminants (goats, sheep), neurolisterioses are associated with various STs from phylogenetic lineages I and II. Most of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from abortions belonged to CC1, CC2, CC4, CC6, CC7, CC14 in humans and CC1, CC6, CC4-217, CC37 in ruminants. The detection of common isolates CC1, CC4-CC217, CC6, CC18, CC37 in ruminants and in their natural environment indicates that the farm environment is a reservoir for L. monocytogenes strains. In the Russian Federation, the prevalence of SТ7 isolates among all types of sources obtained on the territory of the country was noted. Future research should be aimed at studying the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes strains with an increased tendency to cause diseases in humans and ruminants for better understanding the mechanisms of infection and strengthening the control over the spread of the pathogen in various ecological niches.
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Miao, Bei, Hongyu Yao, Peng Chen, and Xue-Jun Song. "Differential Activation of pERK1/2 and c-Fos Following Injury to Different Regions of Primary Sensory Neuron." Life 12, no. 5 (2022): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12050752.
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Nerve injury causes hyperexcitability of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn (DH) neurons, which results in neuropathic pain. We have previously demonstrated that partial dorsal rhizotomy (PDR) produced less severe pain-like behavior than chronic constriction injury (CCI) or chronic compression of DRG (CCD) and did not enhance DRG neuronal excitability. However, the mechanisms underlying such discrepancy remain unclear. This study was designed to compare the activation of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) in DRG and DH, and c-Fos in DH following treatments of CCI, CCD, and PDR. We confirmed that thermal hyperalgesia produced by PDR was less severe than that produced by CCI or CCD. We showed that pERK1/2 in DRG and DH was greatly activated by CCI or CCD, whereas PDR produced only transient and mild pERK1/2 activation. CCI, CCD, and PDR induced robust c-Fos expression in DH; nevertheless, c-Fos+ neurons following PDR were much fewer than that following CCI or CCD. Blocking retrograde axonal transport by colchicine proximal to the CCI injury site diminished thermal hyperalgesia and inhibited pERK1/2 and c-Fos activation. These findings demonstrate that less severe pain-like behavior produced by PDR than CCI or CCD attributes to less activation of pERK1/2 and c-Fos. Such neurochemical activation partially relies on retrograde axonal transport of certain “injury signals” from the peripheral injured site to DRG somata.
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Gregor, Milan, Patrik Grznar, Stefan Mozol, and Lucia Mozolova. "Design of simulation experiments using Central Composite Design." Acta Simulatio 9, no. 2 (2023): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/asim.v9i2.99.
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In the context of research and development, it is key to achieve accurate and reliable results. However, often to obtain these results, a large number of experiments must be performed, which can significantly extend the research time and increase computational requirements. The solution to these problems may be efficient experimental planning, which allows for a reduction in the number of trials and optimization of the process. This article provides an insight into Central Composite Design (CCD) and its use in simulation experiments. We introduce various types of CCD designs, such as CCC (Central Composite Circumscribed), CCF (Central Composite Face centered), and CCI (Central Composite Inscribed), and analyze their use in creating second-order regression models. We also discuss the specific advantages and disadvantages of these approaches, as well as their possible alternatives, such as the Draper-Lin CCD design.
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Abood, Rafid A., Hasson M. Hasson, Asaad A. Khalaf, and Elaf M. Saleh. "Impact of Comorbidities on Survival Among Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index: Retrospective study from Basra, Iraq." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 19, no. 3 (2019): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2019.19.03.010.
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Objectives: In chronic diseases, comorbidities are known to have a strong negative association with overall survival (OS). This study aimed to use the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to examine the effect of comorbidities on OS among patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2006 and October 2016 and included 247 CML patients treated at the Basra Oncology & Haematology Centre, Basra, Iraq. Information from hospital records was used to calculate CCI scores and patients were divided into groups based on scores of 2–3 (CCI1 group) or ≥4 (CCI2 group). The OS was calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: There were 177 (71.7%) patients in the CCI1 group and 70 (28.3%) in the CCI2 group. Overall, patients in the CCI1 group were significantly younger compared to those in the CCI2 group (median age: 35 versus 60 years; P <0.001); however, the gender distribution was similar in both groups (male-to-female ratio of 1:1.06 versus 1:1.18, respectively; P = 0.683). Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity (17%), followed by hypertension (12%) and gastrointestinal diseases (6%). There were no significant differences in mortality between the groups (9.6% versus 8.6%; P = 0.801). In total, 69.6% of all deaths were related to CML progression rather than to the presence of comorbidities. Conclusion: No significant correlation was found between CCI score and OS among CML patients in Basra. However, larger long-term prospective studies are needed to evaluate associations with median age at diagnosis and disease severity and to develop region-specific prognostic scales.Keywords: Comorbidity; Chronic Myeloid Leukemia; Mortality; Survival Analysis; Chronic Diseases; Iraq.
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Li, Y., G. Z. Wang, F. Z. Xuan, and S. T. Tu. "Geometry and Material Constraint Effects on Creep Crack Growth Behavior in Welded Joints." High Temperature Materials and Processes 36, no. 2 (2017): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2015-0222.
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AbstractIn this work, the geometry and material constraint effects on creep crack growth (CCG) and behavior in welded joints were investigated. The CCG paths and rates of two kinds of specimen geometry (C(T) and M(T)) with initial cracks located at soft HAZ (heat-affected zone with lower creep strength) and different material mismatches were simulated. The effect of constraint on creep crack initiation (CCI) time was discussed. The results show that there exists interaction between geometry and material constraints in terms of their effects on CCG rate and CCI time of welded joints. Under the condition of low geometry constraint, the effect of material constraint on CCG rate and CCI time becomes more obvious. Higher material constraint can promote CCG due to the formation of higher stress triaxiality around crack tip. Higher geometry constraint can increase CCG rate and reduce CCI time of welded joints. Both geometry and material constraints should be considered in creep life assessment and design for high-temperature welded components.
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Demb, Joshua, Linn Abraham, Diana L. Miglioretti, et al. "Screening Mammography Outcomes: Risk of Breast Cancer and Mortality by Comorbidity Score and Age." JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 112, no. 6 (2019): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djz172.
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Abstract Background Potential benefits of screening mammography among women ages 75 years and older remain unclear. Methods We evaluated 10-year cumulative incidence of breast cancer and death from breast cancer and other causes by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and age in the Medicare-linked Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (1999–2010) cohort of 222 088 women with no less than 1 screening mammogram between ages 66 and 94 years. Results During median follow-up of 107 months, 7583 were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer and 1742 with ductal carcinoma in situ; 471 died from breast cancer and 42 229 from other causes. The 10-year cumulative incidence of invasive breast cancer did not change with increasing CCI but decreased slightly with age: ages 66–74 years (CCI0 = 4.0% [95% CI = 3.9% to 4.2%] vs CCI ≥ 2 = 3.9% [95% CI = 3.5% to 4.3%]); ages 75–84 years (CCI0 = 3.7% [95% CI = 3.5% to 3.9%] vs CCI ≥ 2 = 3.4% [95% CI = 2.9% to 3.9%]); and ages 85–94 years (CCI0 = 2.7% [95% CI = 2.3% to 3.1%] vs CCI ≥ 2 = 2.1% [95% CI = 1.3% to 3.0%]). The 10-year cumulative incidence of other-cause death increased with increasing CCI and age: ages 66–74 years (CCI0 = 10.4% [95% CI = 10.3 to 10.7%] vs CCI ≥ 2 = 43.4% [95% CI = 42.2% to 44.4%]), ages 75–84 years (CCI0 = 29.8% [95% CI = 29.3% to 30.2%] vs CCI ≥ 2 = 61.7% [95% CI = 60.2% to 63.3%]), and ages 85 to 94 years (CCI0 = 60.3% [95% CI = 59.1% to 61.5%] vs CCI ≥ 2 = 84.8% [95% CI = 82.5% to 86.9%]). The 10-year cumulative incidence of breast cancer death was small and did not vary by age: ages 66–74 years = 0.2% (95% CI = 0.2% to 0.3%), ages 75–84 years = 0.29% (95% CI = 0.25% to 0.34%), and ages 85 to 94 years = 0.3% (95% CI = 0.2% to 0.4%). Conclusions Cumulative incidence of other-cause death was many times higher than breast cancer incidence and death, depending on comorbidity and age. Hence, older women with increased comorbidity may experience diminished benefit from continued screening.
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Powell, E. D., T. Asmis, D. Jonker, et al. "Comorbidity and overall survival (OS) in cetuximab-treated patients with advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC)—Results from NCIC CTG CO.17: A phase III trial of cetuximab versus best supportive care (BSC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): 4074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.4074.
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4074 Background: The interplay between comorbidity, age and performance status (PS) as predictors of outcome in ACRC is not well described. We examined these factors as predictors of treatment toxicity and outcome in cetuximab-treated patients with ACRC. Methods: Comorbidity was independently evaluated by 2 physicians using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), a previously validated measure of comorbidity based on the presence or absence of index medical conditions weighted according to their affect on mortality. CCI score was correlated with demographic data (age, gender), PS, site of primary, time from diagnosis to randomization, body mass index, hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine clearance, K-ras status and OS. Results: 572 patients were included. 41% were ≥65 years and 25% had comorbidities at randomization. CCI score was 1 in 21% and ≥ 2 in 4%. In multivariate analysis (MVA) of all covariates, only older age (≥65 years) was associated with greater comorbidity (p=0.005). OS was different among 3 comorbidity groups (CCI score 0, 1, ≥ 2) in univariate analysis (median OS 4.9 vs 5.9 vs 4.8 months;, logrank p=0.04) but not in MVA. Conversely, lower PS remained associated with better OS in MVA (HR 1.96 for PS=2 vs. PS=0, p<0.0001). Age was not associated with OS (p=0.11). Other factors significantly associated with OS in MVA included time from diagnosis to randomization, LDH, ALP, hemoglobin, Kras status and cetuximab treatment. In the BSC arm, comorbidity was not associated with OS in MVA (HR 0.83 CCI 1 vs. CCI0, p=0.26 and HR 0.90 for CCI2 vs. CCI0, p=0.78) suggesting comorbidity is not prognostic in this setting. Patients with higher CCI score had a nonsignificant trend toward greater treatment effects. Patients ≥65 years had less gr≥3 vomiting (1.8 vs 7.9%, p=0.034) but more dyspnea (24.5 vs 11.2%, p=0.005). Patients with higher CCI scores had less vomiting (p=0.008) but more non-neutropenic infection (p=0.012). Conclusions: In this clinical trial, comorbidity and age were not independent predictors of survival, highlighting the difference between comorbidity and PS. [Table: see text]
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Mullins, C. Daniel, Kaloyan A. Bikov, Ebere Onukwugha, Brian S. Seal, and Nader Hanna. "Frequency of second- and third-line treatment among elderly Medicare stage IV colon cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (2012): e14035-e14035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e14035.
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e14035 Background: Stage IV colon cancer (CC4) patients may receive multiple lines of chemotherapy and/or biologics as treatment (TX) to improve survival or quality of life, yet elderly patients generally receive less aggressive cancer TX. Methods: Elderly (65+) SEER-Medicare patients diagnosed with CC4 in 2003-7 were followed through death or 2009 to examine variation across sub-groups in the number of TX lines. TX included 5-fluorouracil and (levo)leucovorin-based (5FU/LV); irinotecan (IRI) and/or oxaliplatin (OX) with/out 5FU/LV; bevacizumab, cetuximab, or panitumumab (MNCLA), alone or in combination with chemotherapy; and other TX. A hierarchy categorized treatments as: 1) IROX (IRI+OX); 2) IRI or OX; 3) 5FU/LV; 4) MNCLA without chemotherapy; and 5) other TX. Gaps in TX or changes from OX or IRI to 5FU/LV were not considered new lines. Results: Of 7,937 elderly CC4 patients, 3,263 (41%) received any TX, while 1,541 (19%) and 570 (7%) received second and third line TX, respectively. Among the TX group, younger (p<0.01), married (51 vs. 42%, p < 0.01) and male (49 vs. 45%, p = 0.02) patients were more likely to go on to second line TX. Medicare buy-in coverage, which generally indicates dual Medicaid-Medicare coverage (42 vs. 48%, p = 0.03), lowered the likelihood of second line TX. Having comorbidities impacted initial TX (CCI=0: 44.5%, CCI=1: 41.9%, CCI=2: 28.4% ; p<0.01) more so than the likelihood of second (CCI=0: 48.6%, CCI=1: 45.9%, CCI=2: 42.4% ; p=0.06) or third (CCI=0: 37.2%, CCI=1: 39.9%, CCI=2: 29.9% ; p=0.09) line TX conditional upon receipt of prior line treatment. There was no significant association between second line TX and race/ethnicity, urbanicity or year of cancer diagnosis. Among those with second line TX, only age (p=0.05) and urbanicity (38 urban vs. 25% non urban, p < 0.01) were significantly associated with higher likelihood of third line TX. Conclusions: Among CC4 patients with TX, married patients and men receive more TX lines, while number of treatment lines decreases with age. Tendency to use less aggressive treatment with elderly CC4 patients, combined with our observed results, suggests that a substantial proportion of elderly CC4 patients receive fewer TX lines than equivalent younger patients.
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Mollinedo-Cardalda, Irimia, Karina Pereira, Adriana López-Rodríguez, and José María Cancela-Carral. "Relación entre índices antropométricos y la obesidad en personas mayores de 60 años. Estudios Europeo IN COMMON SPORT." Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte 14, no. 2 (2020): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33155/j.ramd.2020.08.001.
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Objetivo: Comprobar si el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el índice cintura-cadera (ICC), circunferencia de cintura (CCi), circunferencia de cadera (CCa) y porcentaje de grasa corporal se correlacionan entre sí en personas mayores de 60 años.
 Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional en 1055 personas mayores de 60 años de diferentes países europeos pertenecientes al proyecto europeo IN COMMON SPORTS. Se realizó una valoración inicial de las variables antropométricas.
 Resultados: Correlación significativa del IMC con el porcentaje de grasa corporal, CCi y CCa pero no con el ICC. El ICC presenta correlaciones proporcionales significativas con el CCi, e inversamente proporcionales con el CCa. El género masculino muestra una correlación significativa entre el ICC y IMC, pero no con el porcentaje de grasa corporal. El IMC promedio muestra una tendencia general alta para ambos géneros. Mujeres mayor porcentaje de grasa.
 Conclusión: El IMC se correlaciona con ICC, CCa y CCi pero dependiendo del género. Los hombres mostraron correlaciones significativas entre IMC e ICC, pero en las mujeres no se encuentran correlaciones de estas medidas.
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Song, Xue-Jun, Carlos Vizcarra, Dong-Sheng Xu, Ronald L. Rupert, and Zheng-Nan Wong. "Hyperalgesia and Neural Excitability Following Injuries to Central and Peripheral Branches of Axons and Somata of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 4 (2003): 2185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00802.2002.
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We examined thermal hyperalgesia, excitability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and antinociceptive effects of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in rats with injury to different regions of DRG neurons. The central or peripheral branches of axons of DRG neurons were injured by partial dorsal rhizotomy (PDR) and chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve (CCI), respectively, or the somata injured by chronic compression of DRG (CCD). Thermal hyperalgesia was evidenced by significantly shortened latencies of foot withdrawal to radiant heat stimulation of the plantar surface. Intracellular recordings were obtained in vitro from L4 and/or L5 ganglia. There are four principle findings: 1) PDR as well as CCD and CCI induced thermal hyperalgesia; 2) PDR produced significantly less severe and shorter duration hyperalgesia than CCD and CCI; 3) intrathecal administration of NMDA receptor antagonistsd-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) and dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) inhibited thermal hyperalgesia in PDR, CCD, and CCI rats. Pretreatment of APV and MK-801 delayed the emergence of hyperalgesia for 48–72 h, while posttreatment inhibited hyperalgesia for 24–36 h; and 4) CCD and CCI increased excitability of DRG neurons as judged by the significantly lowered threshold currents and action potential voltage thresholds and increased incidence of repetitive discharges. However, PDR did not alter the excitability of DRG neurons. These findings indicate that injury to the dorsal root, compared with injury to the peripheral nerve or DRG somata has different effects on the development of hyperalgesia. These contributions involve different changes in DRG membrane excitability, but each involves pathways (presumably in the spinal cord) that depend on NMDA receptors.
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Pyz-Łukasik, Renata, Waldemar Paszkiewicz, Michał Kiełbus, et al. "Genetic Diversity and Potential Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Originating from Polish Artisanal Cheeses." Foods 11, no. 18 (2022): 2805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11182805.
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Artisanal cheeses can be sources of Listeria monocytogenes and cause disease in humans. This bacterial pathogen is a species of diverse genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. The aim of the study was to characterize 32 isolates of L. monocytogenes isolated in 2014–2018 from artisanal cheeses. The isolates were characterized using whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The artisanal cheese isolates resolved to four molecular groups: 46.9% of them to IIa (1/2a-3a), 31.2% to IVb (4ab-4b-4d-4e), 12.5% to IIc (1/2c-3c), and 9.4% to IIb (1/2b-3b-7). Two evolutionary lineages emerged: lineage II having 59.4% of the isolates and lineage I having 40.6%. The sequence types (ST) totaled 18: ST6 (15.6% of the isolates), ST2, ST20, ST26, and ST199 (each 9.4%), ST7 and ST9 (each 6.3%), and ST1, ST3, ST8, ST16, ST87, ST91, ST121, ST122, ST195, ST217, and ST580 (each 3.1%). There were 15 detected clonal complexes (CC): CC6 (15.6% of isolates), CC9 (12.5%), CC2, CC20, CC26, and CC199 (each 9.4%), CC7 and CC8 (each 6.3%), and CC1, CC3, CC14, CC87, CC121, CC195, and CC217 (each 3.1%). The isolates were varied in their virulence genes and the differences concerned: inl, actA, LIPI-3, ami, gtcA, aut, vip, and lntA.
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Jadhav, Vikas D., Vishwas B. Gaikwad, Ghanshyam B. Jadhav, et al. "Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach for Optimization of Parameters for Synthesis of Organic Compounds and Evaluation of Biological Activity with Molecular Docking." Asian Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 5 (2023): 1153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.27593.
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The triazolidine derivatives were synthesized by green and sustainable chemistry approach. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the reaction parameters during the synthesis. Reaction parameter which affect the yield of product were studied, which includes the temperature and time of the reaction. Various statistical RSM with different central composite designs (CCD) such as circumscribed (CCC), face-centered (CCF) and inscribed (CCI) were used to find the maximum yield of the product (%) of reaction at the given parameters and selected, which gave the maximum possible yield. The relationship between reaction parameters (temperature and time) and the yield of product modeled using second-order response surface model. The optimum reaction parameters given by CCI were 80.8 ºC reaction temperature and 15.03 min reaction time with yield of product is up to 94.57%. The adequacy and reliability of the predicted model was checked by ANOVA, R-square and adjusted R-square and revealed the good agreement between predicted model and actual experimental data. The study described here can be efficiently applied for the optimization of parameters in the synthesis of any organic compound. The molecular docking was carried out by using AutoDock vina 1.2.0 on (CYP51) [PDBID: 1EA1] and (DprE1) [PDBID: 4FDO] for target anti-tuberculosis activity while (FabH) [PDBID: 1HNJ] for target antimicrobial activity. There was better interaction within receptor amino acids compound 3d and 3b with FabH and CYP51 enzyme, respectively for anti-tuberculosis activity and compound 3d with DprE1 enzyme for antimicrobial activity observed very good docking score among all compounds.
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Kabadi, Shruti V., Bogdan A. Stoica, Kimberly R. Byrnes, Marie Hanscom, David J. Loane, and Alan I. Faden. "Selective CDK Inhibitor Limits Neuroinflammation and Progressive Neurodegeneration after Brain Trauma." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 32, no. 1 (2011): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2011.117.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces secondary injury mechanisms, including cell-cycle activation (CCA), which lead to neuronal cell death, microglial activation, and neurologic dysfunction. Here, we show progressive neurodegeneration associated with microglial activation after TBI induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI), and also show that delayed treatment with the selective cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor roscovitine attenuates posttraumatic neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. CCI resulted in increased cyclin A and D1 expressions and fodrin cleavage in the injured cortex at 6 hours after injury and significant neurodegeneration by 24 hours after injury. Progressive neuronal loss occurred in the injured hippocampus through 21 days after injury and correlated with a decline in cognitive function. Microglial activation associated with a reactive microglial phenotype peaked at 7 days after injury with sustained increases at 21 days. Central administration of roscovitine at 3 hours after CCI reduced subsequent cyclin A and D1 expressions and fodrin cleavage, improved functional recovery, decreased lesion volume, and attenuated hippocampal and cortical neuronal cell loss and cortical microglial activation. Furthermore, delayed systemic administration of roscovitine improved motor recovery and attenuated microglial activation after CCI. These findings suggest that CCA contributes to progressive neurodegeneration and related neurologic dysfunction after TBI, likely in part related to its induction of microglial activation.
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Sorbera, L. A., J. Castañer, and M. del Fresno. "CCI-779." Drugs of the Future 27, no. 1 (2002): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dof.2002.027.01.654066.
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Md. Shahidul, Islam, Islam Md. Jahirul, Haqu Md. Mansurul, and Nahar Foyzoon. "Household-Level Economic Penalties Resulted From Cci Events Among the Coastal Fishers of Bangladesh." DIU Journal of Health and Life Sciences 7, no. 1 & 2 (2020): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36481/diuhls.v07i1-2.aa305921.
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Climate change-induced (CCI) calamities have immense negative impacts on coastal fishers’ livelihoods by damaging their household and fishery-related assets, which triggers cyclic poverty among them. This study aimed to identify household-level economic penalties due to CCI calamities among the coastal fishers of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 338 coastal fishers living in 11 coastal districts using a random sampling technique. Males outnumbered females [84.6% vs. 15.4%], with nearly all (99.1%) living below the poverty line. On average, coastal fishers had to struggle against at least three (3.12 ± 1.28) CCI catastrophes with considerable losses per incidence [domestic asset loss: 38318 ± 33071; loss in fisheries: 19236 ± 20486] within the past five years. CCI incidences such as severity of disaster, longevity of disaster, winter-cold shock, and water flow were significantly associated with domestic asset loss [95% C.I., p<0.05]. Similarly, severity of disaster, winter-cold shock, water flow, and sea waves during storms were also significantly associated with the impoverished status of coastal fishers in Bangladesh. Climate-resilient coastal management and livelihood improvement policies implemented by the relevant authorities could reduce impending economic penalties for coastal fishing communities.
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*Md., Shahidul Islam Md. Jahirul Islam Md. Mansurul Haque Foyzoon Nahar. "Household -Level Economic Penal Ties Resulted from CCI events Among the Coastal Fishers of Bangladesh." Daffodil International University Journal of Allied Health Sciences. 7, no. 1&2 (2020): 73–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10989875.
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Climate change-induced (CCI) calamities have immense negative impacts on coastal fishers’ livelihoods by damaging their household and fishery-related assets, which triggers cyclic poverty among them. This study aimed to identify household-level economic penalties due to CCI calamities among the coastal fishers of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 338 coastal fishers living in 11 coastal districts using a random sampling technique. Males outnumbered females [84.6% vs. 15.4%], with nearly all (99.1%) living below the poverty line. On average, coastal fishers had to struggle against at least three (3.12 ± 1.28) CCI catastrophes with considerable losses per incidence [domestic asset loss: 38318 ± 33071; loss in fisheries: 19236 ± 20486] within the past five years. CCI incidences such as severity of disaster, longevity of disaster, winter-cold shock, and water flow were significantly associated with domestic asset loss [95% C.I., p<0.05]. Similarly, severity of disaster, winter-cold shock, water flow, and sea waves during storms were also significantly associated with the impoverished status of coastal fishers in Bangladesh. Climate-resilient coastal management and livelihood improvement policies implemented by the relevant authorities could reduce impending economic penalties for coastal fishing communities.
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Deguchi, Ryo, Moe Fujimoto, Hiroshi Sekiyama, and Shigehito Sawamura. "Effect of Yokukansan on sleep disturbance and neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury using a rat model." Sleep and Biological Rhythms 19, no. 3 (2021): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41105-021-00315-y.
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AbstractPatients with chronic pain develop peripheral neuropathy and experience sleep disturbance. Yokukansan is used to treat insomnia and control neuropathic pain. We studied if Yokukansan affects neuropathic pain and sleep disturbance using a rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI). Male Wistar rats (4-week age) were divided into the following groups (n = 7, per group): CCI rats fed normal chow (CCI-0); CCI rats fed powdered chow mixed with 1% Yokukansan (CCI-1); CCI rats fed powdered chow mixed with 3% Yokukansan (CCI-3); and sham-operated control rats fed normal chow (SHAM). We examined sleep duration and quality using electroencephalograms and assessed pain using the von Frey and Hargreaves tests. Results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc tests. The CCI-0 group exhibited an increased wake period, decreased non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time, and no change in REM sleep time in comparison to the SHAM group. The CCI-1 group exhibited a decreased wake period, increased non-REM sleep time, and no change in REM sleep time compared to the CCI-0 group. The CCI-3 group exhibited increased non-REM sleep time but no changes in wake and REM sleep times compared to the CCI-1 group. The von Frey and Hargreaves test findings revealed an increase in the pain threshold in the CCI-1 group compared to the CCI-0 group. There was no difference in pain threshold between the CCI-1 and CCI-3 groups. In our rat model of CCI, sleep disturbance was reflected. Yokukansan inhibited CCI-induced sleep disturbance.
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Lee, Sangmi, Yi Chen, Lisa Gorski, Todd J. Ward, Jason Osborne, and Sophia Kathariou. "Listeria monocytogenesSource Distribution Analysis Indicates Regional Heterogeneity and Ecological Niche Preference among Serotype 4b Clones." mBio 9, no. 2 (2018): e00396-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00396-18.
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ABSTRACTBiodiversity analysis of the foodborne pathogenListeria monocytogenesrecently revealed four serotype 4b major hypervirulent clonal complexes (CCs), i.e., CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6. Hypervirulence was indicated by overrepresentation of these clones, and serotype 4b as a whole, among human clinical isolates in comparison to food. However, data on potential source-dependent partitioning among serotype 4b clones in diverse regions are sparse. We analyzed a panel of 347 serotype 4b isolates, primarily from North America, to determine the distribution of clones in humans, other animals, food, and water. CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6 predominated, but surprisingly, only three clones, i.e., CC2 and the singleton sequence types (STs) ST382 and ST639, exhibited significant source-dependent associations, with higher propensity for food (CC2) or water (ST382 and ST639) than other sources. Pairwise comparisons between human and food isolates identified CC4 as the only serotype 4b clone significantly overrepresented among human isolates. Our analysis also revealed several serotype 4b clones emerging in North America. Two such emerging clones, ST382 (implicated in several outbreaks since 2014) and ST639, were primarily encountered among human and water isolates. Findings suggest that in spite of the ubiquity of CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6, regional heterogeneity in serotype 4b is substantially larger than previously surmised. Analysis of even large strain panels from one region may not adequately predict clones unique to, and emerging in, other areas. Serotype 4b clonal complexes may differ in ecological niche preference, suggesting the need to further elucidate reservoirs and vehicles, especially for emerging clones.IMPORTANCEInListeria monocytogenes, serotype 4b strains are leading contributors to human disease, but intraserotype distributions among different sources and regions remain poorly elucidated. Analysis of 347 serotype 4b isolates from four different sources, mostly from North America, confirmed the overall predominance of the major clones CC1, CC2, CC4, and CC6 but found that only CC4 was significantly associated with human disease, while CC2 was significantly associated with food. Remarkably, several emerging clones were identified among human isolates from North America, with some of these also exhibiting a propensity for surface water. The latter included the singleton clones ST382, implicated in several outbreaks in the United States since 2014, and ST639. These clones were noticeably underrepresented among much larger panels from other regions. Though associated with North America for the time being, they may eventually become globally disseminated through the food trade or other venues.
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Subraja, Tedy, Lestari Lestari, and Ridha Husla. "ANALISA PENGANGKATAN CUTTING MENGGUNAKAN METODE CCI, CTR DAN CCA PADA SUMUR T TRAYEK 12 ¼"." JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN KARYA ILMIAH LEMBAGA PENELITIAN UNIVERSITAS TRISAKTI 7, no. 2 (2022): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/pdk.v7i2.13178.
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Lumpur pemboran merupakan salah satu faktor yang memiliki peranan paling penting selama berlangsungnya operasi pengeboran, maka dari itu perlu untuk mengontrol sifat-sifat fisik dari lumpur pemboran agar sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang diharapkan. Lumpur pengeboran mempunyai fungsi penting dalam operasi pengeboran yaitu mengangkat serbur (cutting) ke permukaan, mencegah runtuhnya dinding lubang bor agar suatu kegiatan pemboran dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Pada tugas akhir ini dilakukan analisa pengangkatan cutting pada sumur T trayek 12 ¼". Metode-metode yang digunakan pada penelitian pengangkatan cutting ialah Cutting Carrying Index (CCI) dengan nilai >1, Cutting Transport Ratio (CTR) >50% dan Cutting Capacity Annulus (CCA) <5%. Dengan parameter yang menjadi acuan dalam proses pengangkatan cutting yaitu Plastic Viscosity (PV), Yield Point (YP), Gel strength, Index kelakuan aliran (n), Konstanta Power Law (K), Laju alir (Q), densitas lumpur, densitas cutting, diameter cutting, diameter lubang bor, dan diameter luar pipa bor. Pada Penelitian ini, analisa pengangkatan cutting pada sumur T trayek 12 ¼" dengan metode Cutting Carrying Index (CCI) didapatkan nilai berkisar antara 1,554 - 3,494, metode Cutting Transport Ratio (CTR) didapatkan nilai berkisar antara 86,866% - 95,127% dan pada metode Cutting Capacity Annulus (CCA) 2,940% - 2,974%. Jika dilihat nilai dari ketiga metode yaitu Cutting Carrying Index (CCI), Cutting Transport Ratio (CTR), dan Cutting Capacity Annulus (CCA) telah menunjukkan hasil yang baik sehingga pengangkatan cutting berjalan secara optimal pada sumur T trayek 12 ¼".
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Subraja, Tedy, Lestari Lestari, Ridha Husla, Apriandi R.R.W, and Ghanima Yasmaniar. "ANALISA PENGANGKATAN CUTTING MENGGUNAKAN METODE CCI, CTR DAN CCA PADA SUMUR T TRAYEK 17 ½”." PETRO:Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Perminyakan 11, no. 1 (2022): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/petro.v11i1.12794.
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Lumpur pemboran merupakan salah satu faktor yang memiliki peranan paling penting selama berlangsungnya operasi pengeboran, maka dari itu perlu untuk mengontrol sifat-sifat fisik dari lumpur pemboran agar sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang diharapkan. Lumpur pengeboran mempunyai fungsi penting dalam operasi pengeboran yaitu mengangkat serbur (cutting) ke permukaan, mencegah runtuhnya dinding lubang bor agar suatu kegiatan pemboran dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Pada tugas akhir ini dilakukan analisa pengangkatan cutting pada sumur T trayek 17 ½”.Metode-metode yang digunakan pada penelitian pengangkatan cutting ialah Cutting Carrying Index (CCI) dengan nilai >1, Cutting Transport Ratio (CTR) >50% dan Cutting Capacity Annulus (CCA) <5%. Dengan parameter yang menjadi acuan dalam proses pengangkatan cutting yaitu Plastic Viscosity (PV), Yield Point (YP), Gel strength, Index kelakuan aliran (n), Konstanta Power Law (K), Laju alir (Q), densitas lumpur, densitas cutting, diameter cutting, diameter lubang bor, dan diameter luar pipa bor. Pada Penelitian ini, analisa pengangkatan cutting pada sumur T trayek 17 ½” dengan metode Cutting Carrying Index (CCI) didapatkan nilai berkisar antara 2,521- 3,950, metode Cutting Transport Ratio (CTR) didapatkan nilai berkisar antara 93,856% - 95,017% dan pada metode Cutting Capacity Annulus (CCA) 1,209% - 1,215%. Jika dilihat nilai dari ketiga metode yaitu CCI, CTR, dan CCA telah menunjukkan hasil yang baik sehingga pengangkatan cutting berjalan secara optimal pada sumur T trayek 17 ½”.
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Nicholls, Richard, and Marwa Gad Mohsen. "Managing customer-to-customer interaction (CCI) – insights from the frontline." Journal of Services Marketing 33, no. 7 (2019): 798–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-11-2018-0329.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the capacity of frontline employees (FLEs) to provide insights into customer-to-customer interaction (CCI) and its management in service organisations. Design/methodology/approach This exploratory study used focus groups and semi-structured in-depth interviews with FLEs to investigate their experiences and reflections in dealing with CCI in a complex service setting in the UK. Findings FLEs are able to recall CCI encounters, both positive (PCCI) and negative (NCCI), with ease. They are capable of conceptualising and exploring complex nuances surrounding CCI encounters. FLEs can distinguish levels of seriousness of negative CCI and variations in customer sensitivity to CCI. FLEs vary in their comfort in intervening in negative CCI situations. Whilst FLEs draw on skills imparted in an employee-customer interaction context, they would benefit from CCI-specific training. Propositions are advanced for further empirical testing. Research limitations/implications The authors studied FLE views on CCI in a customer-centric service organisation in the UK. Future research should further address the FLE perspective on CCI in less service-driven organisations and in other countries. A wide range of themes for further research are proposed. Practical implications The insights presented will assist service managers to assess the CCI context of their own organisation and develop strategies and guidelines to support FLEs in detecting, understanding and responding to CCI encounters. Social implications The paper highlights and discusses the complexity of intervening in negative CCI encounters in socially inclusive service environments. Originality/value Based on FLE-derived perceptions of CCI, the paper contributes conceptually to CCI knowledge by identifying the existence of “concealed CCI”, distinguishing between gradual and sudden CCI intervention contexts and exploring the human resource development consequences of this distinction, with original implications for service management. The study also contributes to extending the scope of research into triadic service interactions.
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Dhakal, Prajwal, Elizabeth Lyden, Avantika Pyakuryal, Manoj P. Rai, and Vijaya Raj Bhatt. "Using Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) to predict outcomes of older patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (2022): e18751-e18751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e18751.
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e18751 Background: A large-scale study specifically analyzing an association between comorbidity burden and outcomes is lacking in APL. We hypothesized that a greater comorbidity burden independently predicts worse outcomes in patients ≥60 years with APL. Methods: We utilized the National Cancer Database to identify patients ≥60 years diagnosed with APL between 2004 and 2015. CCI scores were used to evaluate comorbidity burden, and patients were divided into 3 groups with CCI of 0, 1, and ≥2. We used chi-square test to determine association between CCI and different variables. Multiple logistic regression analyses and Cox regression models evaluated the effects of CCI on one-month mortality and overall survival (OS), respectively. Results: Of 2221 patients, 59% had CCI of 0, 27% had CCI 1, and 14% had CCI ≥2. Compared to patients with CCI 1 or CCI ≥2, a higher proportion of patients with CCI 0 had private insurance, and higher education and income status, were treated at academic centers, and received multiagent therapy. One-month mortality was 16%, 24%, and 32% for patients with CCI 0, 1, and ≥2, respectively. After adjusting for other co-variates, patients with CCI 0 had lower one-month mortality compared to CCI 1 (Odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-2.16, p < 0.001) and CCI ≥ 2 (Odds ratio 2.31, 95% CI 1.70-3.13, p < 0.001). Three-year OS was 61%, 53%, and 38% for patients with CCI 0, 1, and ≥2, respectively. After adjusting for other co-variates, OS was worse among patients with CCI 1 (Hazard ratio 1.27, 95% CI 1.10-1.46, p-value < 0.001) and CCI ≥2 (Hazard ratio 1.74, 95% CI 1.48-2.06, p-value < 0.001), compared to patients with CCI 0. Conclusions: Our study is among the first and the largest to examine an association between comorbidity burden and outcomes in older adults with APL. Greater comorbidity burden, indicated by higher CCI, predicted worse one-month mortality and OS, after adjusting for other co-variates. Thus, our study results establish CCI as an important and independent predictor of outcomes in APL. The study results can inform personalized estimates of mortality and OS based on comorbidity burden and facilitate treatment decision-making. Given the significant differences in outcomes of older adults based on comorbidity burden, future trials in APL should present comorbidity data and consider utilizing CCI to risk-stratify patients.
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Dhakal, Prajwal, Elizabeth Lyden, Avantika Pyakuryal, and Vijaya Raj Bhatt. "Predicting early mortality and overall survival (OS) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) based on Charlson comorbidity index (CCI)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (2022): e19017-e19017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e19017.
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e19017 Background: CCI is an established tool used to measure the comorbidity burden in patients, with higher CCI signifying a greater comorbidity burden. We performed a large database analysis to evaluate CCI as a predictor of one-month mortality and OS in patients < 60 years with APL. Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we identified a total of 4969 patients < 60 years diagnosed with APL between 2004 and 2015. We divided patients into 3 groups with CCI of 0, 1, and ≥2. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of CCI on one-month mortality. Cox regression model determined the impact of CCI on OS. Results: Seventy-eight percent of patients had CCI of 0; 16% had CCI 1, and 6% had CCI ≥2. Median age was 42 years (range 0-59), and patients 41-59 years comprised 53% of the total cohort. Fifty-one percent were female, 32% were treated at academic centers, and 67% had private insurance. One-month mortality was 5%, 14%, and 25% for patients with CCI 0, 1 and ≥2, respectively. After adjusting for other co-variates, one-month mortality was worse for patients with CCI 1 (Odds ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0-3.4, p < 0.001) and CCI ≥2 (Odds ratio 5.3, 95% CI 3.9-7.4, p < 0.001) compared to patients with CCI 0. Median 5-year OS was 85%, 71%, and 60% for patients with CCI 0, 1, and ≥2, respectively. After adjusting for other co-variates, OS was worse for patients with CCI 1 (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.8, 95% CI 1.5-2.1, p < 0.001), and CCI ≥2 (HR 2.7, 95% CI 2.2-3.3, p < 0.001) compared to patients with CCI 0. Patients 41-59 years had worse OS than 0-18 years (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3-4.5, p = 0.003). Private insurance was associated with better OS than Medicare (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.7-2.6, p < 0.001) and Medicaid/other government insurance (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This is one of the first and the largest database analyses examining the prognostic association of comorbidity burden in younger patients with APL. CCI independently predicted both one-month mortality and OS. Compared to CCI of 0, one-month mortality increased by 2.5-fold with CCI 1 and more than five-fold with CCI ≥2. The higher chances of one-month mortality in patients with greater comorbidity burden may reflect the risks associated with initial APL diagnosis and treatment such as coagulopathy, infection, and differentiation syndrome. One-month mortality was the key driver for OS. OS was also worse among patients with higher CCI. Our results indicate CCI as an important predictor of one-month mortality and OS in APL. CCI should be taken into consideration while interpreting clinical trial results.
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Yamazaki, Yoko, Masahiro Umino, Haruhisa Fukayama, and Masahiko Shimada. "The Effect of Alternating Current Iontophoresis on Rats with the Chronic Constriction Injury to the Infraorbital Nerve." International Journal of Dentistry 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/405292.
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This study aimed to examine the effect of AC iontophoresis on rats with the chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the infraorbital nerve by animal experiments. CCI model rats were divided into four groups, namely, rats that received general anesthesia for 60 min except AC IOP (CCI:n=5), AC IOP with 0.9% physiological saline for 60 min (CCI + saline AC IOP:n=5), AC IOP with 4% lidocaine hydrochloride for 60 min (CCI + lidocaine AC IOP:n=5), and attachment of two electrodes soaked with 4% lidocaine hydrochloride to the facial skin for 60 min (CCI + attach lidocaine:n=5). In the CCI + lidocaine AC IOP group, an elevated withdrawal threshold was observed after AC IOP, and the duration of efficacy was longer compared with that in the CCI + saline AC IOP and CCI + attached lidocaine groups. A significant decrease in the number of Fos-like immunoreactive (LI) cells was observed in the CCI + lidocaine AC IOP group compared with that in the CCI group. These findings suggest that the effect of CCI + lidocaine AC IOP group may be caused by active permeation of lidocaine into the facial skin and electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nucleus.
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Ajibawo, Temitope, Oluwatimilehin Okunowo, and Adeniyi Okunade. "Impact of Comorbidity Burden on Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Outcomes." Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology 16 (January 2022): 117954682211082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11795468221108212.
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Background: There is limited data on the impact of comorbidity burden on clinical outcomes of patients undergoing cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) implantation. Objectives: Our aim was to assess trends in CIED implantations and explore the relationship between comorbidity burden and outcomes in patients undergoing de novo implantations. Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2000 to 2014, we identified adults ⩾18 years undergoing de novo CIED procedures. Comorbidity burden was assessed by Charlson comorbidity Index (CCI), and patients were classified into 4 categories based on their CCI scores (CCI = 0, CCI = 1, CCI = 2, CCI ⩾3). Annual implantation trends were evaluated. Logistic regression was conducted to measure the association between categorized comorbidity burden and outcomes. Results: A total of 3 103 796 de-novo CIED discharge records were identified from the NIS database. About 22.4% had a CCI score of 0, 28.2% had a CCI score of 1, 22% had a CCI score of 2, and 27.4 % had a CCI score ⩾3. Annual de-novo CIED implantations peaked in 2006 and declined steadily from 2010 to 2014. Compared to CCI 0, CCI ⩾3 was independently associated with increased odds of in-hospital mortality, bleeding, pericardial, and cardiac complications (all P < .05). Length of stay and hospital charges increased with increasing comorbidity burden. Conclusions: CCI is a significant predictor of adverse outcomes after CIED implantation. Therefore, comorbidity burden needs to be considered in the decision-making process for CIED implant candidates.
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Yang, Xu, Ke Zhang, Hiba Shaghaleh, et al. "Continuous Cropping Alters Soil Hydraulic and Physicochemical Properties in the Karst Region of Southwestern China." Agronomy 13, no. 5 (2023): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051416.
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Continuous cropping causes soil degradation and decreases crop yield in the karst region of southwestern China. However, the relationship between continuous cropping systems and soil hydraulic and physicochemical properties remains incompletely elucidated. In this study, we performed a comparative investigation on the soil physicochemical properties and soil-water-characteristic-curve-derived parameters from sites subjected to 3, 5, or 7 years of continuous cropping (CC3, CC5, and CC7) and cropping rotation (CC0). Soil organic matter content, clay content, and pH were significantly greater in soils under CC0 and short-term cropping (CC3) than in soils under long-term cropping (CC5 and CC7). This finding illustrated that continuous cropping reduced soil organic matter content, clay content, and pH. Across all continuous cropping durations, soil water holding capacity at 40~60 cm was greater than the 20~40 cm and 0~20 cm layers. The significantly greater soil water characteristics (except saturated moisture) in CC0 and CC3 soils than in CC5 or CC7 soils at all soil depths demonstrated that soil water characteristics deteriorated with the prolongation of cropping duration. The same soil water characteristics were positively correlated with soil organic matter content, clay content, and pH. These correlations, when viewed within the context of continuous cropping, can inform the development of more sustainable cropping systems in similar karst regions.
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Santril, Nitri Ramadhani. "Gambaran Efektivitas Transfusi Thrombocyte Concentrate Pada Pasien Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang." Majalah Kedokteran Andalas 46, no. 9 (2024): 1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/mka.v46.i9.p1452-1458.2024.
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Latar Belakang: Transfusi trombosit pasien immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) diindikasikan pada kasus ITP dengan perdarahan. Transfusi trombosit pada pasien ITP tidak diikuti dengan peningkatan jumlah trombosit. Corrected count increment (CCI) merupakan penghitungan untuk menilai efektivitas transfusi trombosit. Efektif bila CCI 1 jam pasca transfusi >7,5 x 109/L dan CCI 24 jam >4,5 x 109/L. Tujuan: Mendapatkan gambaran efektivitas transfusi trombosit concentrate (TC) berdasarkan nilai CCI. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 31 pasien ITP yang mendapatkan transfusi TC Desember 2022- April 2023. Efektivitas transfusi dinilai berdasarkan nilai CCI 1 jam dan 24 jam pasca transfusi. Hasil: Median jumlah trombosit sebelum transfusi adalah 5,0 x 103/L. Median CCI (Min-Maks) 1 jam 1,88 (0,26-14,5) dan medianCCI 24 jam adalah 2,39 (0,26-15,89). Sebanyak 16,1% sampel efektif berdasarkan nilai CCI 1 jam dan 83,9% tidak efektif. Nilai CCI 24 jam pasca transfusi, 35,5% efektif dan 64,5% tidak efektif. Diskusi: Transfusi TC pada pasien ITP tidak efektif berdasarkan nilai CCI 1 jam dan 24 jam karena pendeknya masa hidup trombosit yang ditransfusikan akibat didestruksi oleh sistem imun. Simpulan: Efektivitas transfusi TC pasien ITP berdasarkan nilai CCI 1 jam pasca transfusi adalah 16,1% pasien dan CCI 24 jam adalah 35,5%. Transfusi trombosit pada ITP perlu indikasi tepat
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Ardiansyah, Muhammad, Budi Nugroho, and Khalimatus Sa'diyah. "Estimasi Kadar Klorofil Dan Kadar N Daun Jagung Menggunakan Chlorophyll Content Index." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 24, no. 2 (2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.24.2.53-61.
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Kadar klorofil berkaitan dengan kondisi tanaman, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menaksir kadar hara pada tanaman. Pengukuran kadar klorofil daun secara konvensional membutuhkan waktu dan biaya, sehingga perlu dikembangkan teknologi yang cepat dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (a) menganalisa indek kadar klorofil (Chlorofil Content Index, CCI) dan kadar klorofil daun pada 10 perlakuan dosis pupuk termasuk kontrol dan beberapa fase pertumbuhan jagung, (b) menganalisa hubungan antara CCI dan kadar klorofil daun, dan (c) menganalisa hubungan CCI dan kadar N. Pada penelitian ini CCI diukur dengan klorofil meter, sedangkan kadar klorofil dan kadar N daun masing-masing diukur dengan spektrofotometer dan metode Kjeldahl. Hubungan antara CCI terhadap kadar klorofil dan kadar N dianalisis pada umur 4 dan 8 minggu setelah tanam (MST) dengan model regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pola kurva CCI pada semua perlakuan dosis mirip yang ditunjukan oleh CCI semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur tanaman dan kemudian menurun dengan menuanya tanaman. Dosis pupuk berpengaruh nyata pada CCI kecuali pada umur 2 dan 3 MST, dimana nilai tertinggi CCI temukan pada dosis pupuk dengan kecukupan hara tinggi yaitu 2 Ultra Gen (UG) + 2/3 Standar (STD) pada umur 7 MST. CCI dan kadar klorofil memiliki hubungan linear positif pada umur 4 MST dan 8 MST dengan korelasi tergolong kuat (r = 0,67) dan sangat kuat (r = 0.76). Model hubungan CCI dengan kadar N daun menunjukan korealsi positif sangat kuat pada umur 8 MST dengan persamaan N (%) = 0,019*CCI + 1,795 (r = 0,75). Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa pengukuran CCI dengan klorofil meter bisa digunakan untuk memperkirakan status hara N daun tanaman.
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Enenkel, Markus, Christoph Reimer, Wouter Dorigo, et al. "Combining satellite observations to develop a global soil moisture product for near-real-time applications." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 10 (2016): 4191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4191-2016.
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Abstract. The soil moisture dataset that is generated via the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) of the European Space Agency (ESA) (ESA CCI SM) is a popular research product. It is composed of observations from 10 different satellites and aims to exploit the individual strengths of active (radar) and passive (radiometer) sensors, thereby providing surface soil moisture estimates at a spatial resolution of 0.25°. However, the annual updating cycle limits the use of the ESA CCI SM dataset for operational applications. Therefore, this study proposes an adaptation of the ESA CCI product for daily global updates via satellite-derived near-real-time (NRT) soil moisture observations. In order to extend the ESA CCI SM dataset from 1978 to present we use NRT observations from the Advanced Scatterometer on-board the two MetOp satellites and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 on-board GCOM-W. Since these NRT observations do not incorporate the latest algorithmic updates, parameter databases and intercalibration efforts, by nature they offer a lower quality than reprocessed offline datasets. In addition to adaptations of the ESA CCI SM processing chain for NRT datasets, the quality of the NRT datasets is a main source of uncertainty. Our findings indicate that, despite issues in arid regions, the new CCI NRT dataset shows a good correlation with ESA CCI SM. The average global correlation coefficient between CCI NRT and ESA CCI SM (Pearson's R) is 0.80. An initial validation with 40 in situ observations in France, Spain, Senegal and Kenya yields an average R of 0.58 and 0.49 for ESA CCI SM and CCI NRT, respectively. In summary, the CCI NRT product is nearly as accurate as the existing ESA CCI SM product and, therefore, of significant value for operational applications such as drought and flood forecasting, agricultural index insurance or weather forecasting.
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Hayashi, Ken, Tatsuhiko Sato, Motoaki Yoshida, and Koichi Yoshimura. "Corneal shape changes of the total and posterior cornea after temporal versus nasal clear corneal incision cataract surgery." British Journal of Ophthalmology 103, no. 2 (2018): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311710.
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AimTo compare changes in the shape and astigmatism of the total and posterior cornea between eyes with a nasal clear corneal incision (CCI) and eyes with a temporal CCI in cataract surgery.MethodsThe left eyes of 100 patients undergoing phacoemulsification were randomly assigned to undergo a 2.4 mm nasal (nasal CCI group) or temporal CCI (temporal CCI group). Corneal astigmatic changes were compared between groups using power vector analysis, and corneal shape changes were compared using videokeratography maps at 2 days, and at 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively.ResultsThe mean J0 and J45 values of the total cornea were significantly greater in the nasal CCI group than in the temporal CCI group at 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively (p≤0.0392), but did not differ significantly between groups at 2 days and 8 weeks. The videokeratography maps revealed a wedge-shaped flattening in the total cornea and a steepening in the posterior cornea around the CCIs in both groups at 2 days postoperatively; those were more prominent in the nasal CCI group than in the temporal CCI group. The wound-related changes diminished by 8 weeks postoperatively in the total and posterior cornea, and were not markedly different between groups at 8 weeks postoperatively.ConclusionCorneal shape and astigmatic changes were comparable between groups at 8 weeks postoperatively, although the changes were greater after nasal CCI than after temporal CCI in the early postoperative periods, indicating that nasal or temporal CCI can be selected based on the surgeon’s preference.
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Jenni-Moser, Béatrice, and Marie-Madlen Jeitziner. "CCI – ein Resümee." intensiv 24, no. 01 (2016): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-107570.
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Thenjiwe Sithole, Jaco Du Toit, and Sebastian Von Solms. "A Cyber Counterintelligence Competence Framework: Developing the Job Roles." European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 22, no. 1 (2023): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eccws.22.1.1093.
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In recent years, there have been intensifying cyber risks and volumes of cyber incidents prompting a significant shift in the cyber threat landscape. Both nation-state and non-state actors are increasingly resolute and innovative in their techniques and operations globally. These intensifying cyber risks and incidents suggest that cyber capability is inversely proportional to cyber risks, threats and attacks. Therefore, this confirms an emergent and critical need to adopt and invest in intelligence strategies, predominantly cyber counterintelligence (CCI), which is a multi-disciplinary and proactive measure to mitigate risks and counter cyber threats and cyber-attacks. Concurrent with the adoption of CCI is an appreciation that requisite job roles must be defined and developed. Notwithstanding the traction that CCI is gaining, we found no work on a clear categorisation for the CCI job roles in the academic or industry literature surveyed. Furthermore, from a cybersecurity perspective, it is unclear which job roles constitute the CCI field.
 This paper stems from and expands on the authors’ prior research on developing a CCI Competence Framework. The proposed CCI Competence Framework consists of four critical elements deemed essential for CCI workforce development. In order of progression, the Framework’s elements are: CCI Dimensions (passive-defensive, active-defensive, passive-offensive, active-offensive), CCI Functional Areas (detection, deterrence, deception, neutralisation), CCI Job Roles (associated with each respective Functional Area), and Tasks and Competences (allocated to each job role). Pivoting on prior research on CCI Dimensions and CCI Functional Areas, this paper advances a proposition on associated Job Roles in a manner that is both intelligible and categorised.
 To this end, the paper advances a five-step process that evaluates and examines Counterintelligence and Cybersecurity Job Roles and functions to derive a combination of new or existing Job Roles required for the CCI workforce/professionals. Although there are several cybersecurity frameworks for workforce development, establishing the CCI Job Roles is specifically based on the expression of the Job Roles defined in the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) Cybersecurity Workforce Framework.
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Enenkel, M., C. Reimer, W. Dorigo, et al. "Combining satellite observations to develop a daily global soil moisture product for a wide range of applications." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 11 (2015): 11549–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-11549-2015.
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Abstract. The soil moisture dataset that is generated via the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) of the European Space Agency (ESA) (ESA CCI SM) is a popular research product. It is composed of observations from nine different satellites and aims to exploit the individual strengths of active (radar) and passive (radiometer) sensors, thereby providing surface soil moisture estimates at a spatial resolution of 0.25°. However, the annual updating cycle limits the use of the ESA CCI SM dataset for operational applications. Therefore, this study proposes an adaptation of the ESA CCI processing chain for daily global updates via satellite-derived near real-time (NRT) soil moisture observations. In order to extend the ESA CCI SM dataset from 1978 to present we use NRT observations from the Advanced SCATterometer on-board the MetOp satellites and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 on-board GCOM-W. Since these NRT observations do not incorporate the latest algorithmic updates, parameter databases, and intercalibration efforts, by nature they offer a lower quality than reprocessed offline datasets. Our findings indicate that, despite issues in arid regions, the new "CCI NRT" dataset shows a good correlation with ESA CCI SM. The average global correlation coefficient between CCI NRT and ESA CCI SM (Pearson's R) is 0.8. An initial validation with 40 in-situ observations in France, Kenya, Senegal and Kenya yields an average R of 0.58 and 0.49 for ESA CCI SM and CCI NRT respectively. In summary, the CCI NRT dataset is getting ready for operational use, supporting applications such as drought and flood monitoring, weather forecasting or agricultural applications.
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Sasagawa, Taiga, Tomoko Kawaguchi Akitsu, Reiko Ide, et al. "Accuracy Assessment of Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) and Chlorophyll Carotenoid Index (CCI) Derived from GCOM-C/SGLI with In Situ Data." Remote Sensing 14, no. 21 (2022): 5352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215352.
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The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and the chlorophyll carotenoid index (CCI) are carotenoid-sensitive vegetation indices, which can monitor vegetation’s photosynthetic activities. One unique satellite named “Global Change Observation Mission-Climate (GCOM-C)” is equipped with a sensor, “Second Generation Global Imager (SGLI)”, which has the potential to frequently and simultaneously observe PRI and CCI over a wide swath. However, the observation accuracy of PRI and CCI derived from GCOM-C/SGLI remains unclear in forests. Thus, we demonstrated their accuracy assessment by comparing them with in situ data. We collected in situ spectral irradiance data at four forest sites in Japan for three years. We statistically compared satellite PRI with in situ PRI, and satellite CCI with in situ CCI. From the obtained results, the satellite PRI showed poor agreement (the best: r=0.294 (p<0.05)) and the satellite CCI showed good agreement (the best: r=0.911 (p<0.001)). The greater agreement of satellite CCI is possibly because satellite CCI contained fewer outliers and satellite CCI was more resistant to small noise, compared to satellite PRI. Our results suggest that the satellite CCI is more suitable for practical use than the satellite PRI with the latest version (version 3) of GCOM-C/SGLI’s products.
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Dong, Zhiqiang, Yong Sun, Peihua Lu, Yanqing Wang, and Gencheng Wu. "Electroacupuncture and Lumbar Transplant of GDNF-Secreting Fibroblasts Synergistically Attenuate Hyperalgesia after Sciatic Nerve Constriction." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 41, no. 03 (2013): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x1350033x.
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Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to induce potent analgesic effects on neuropathic pain in both patients and rodents. Cell therapy to release antinociceptive agents near the pain processing centers of the spinal cord is a promising next step in the development of treatment modalities. This study investigated the effects of the combination of EA and cell therapy by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on neuropathic pain in rats. The hyperalgesic state was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve and fibroblasts genetically modified to secrete bioactive GDNF (FBs-GDNF) were used for cell therapy. Fifty-eight rats with neuropathic pain were randomly divided into five groups (CCI+PBS, n = 11; CCI+FBs-GDNF, n = 12; CCI+EA+PBS, n = 11; CCI+EA+FBs-pLNCX2, n = 12; CCI+EA+FBs-GDNF, n = 12). On the 7th day after CCI, the rats received intrathecal transplantation of FBs-GDNF or control fibroblasts (FBs-pLNCX2). In the meantime, EA was administered once every other day from the 7th day after CCI surgery for 21 days. The paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to radiant heat was measured every other day. The results showed that the ipsilateral PWL of the rats from all three EA treatment groups significantly increased starting on the 12th day compared with the PBS control group. Strikingly, the group which received EA treatment and FBs-GDNF transplantation (CCI+EA+FBs-GDNF) showed a significantly decreased thermal hyperalgesia after 2 weeks post CCI surgery compared with the groups which received EA treatment and FBs-pLNCX2 transplantation (CCI+EA+FBs-pLNCX2) or PBS (CCI+EA+PBS) as well as the FBs-GDNF transplantation group without EA treatment (CCI+FBs-GDNF). Our data suggest that EA and cell therapy can synergistically attenuate hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain rats.
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Goyal, Jatinder, Gregory Russell Pond, Matt D. Galsky, et al. "Study of the impact of Charlson comorbidity index and hypertension on survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 6_suppl (2013): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.111.
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111 Background: Clinical and laboratory factors, i.e. visceral metastasis, anemia, LDH, PSA, PSA-doubling time, bone scan progression, pain, performance status (PS), are recognized to be prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We sought to determine if the Charlson comorbidity Index (CCI) and hypertension (HTN) provide prognostic information independent of these known factors. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 221 patients with mCRPC treated with docetaxel plus prednisone (DP) combined with AT-101 (bcl-2 antagonist) or placebo on a randomized phase II trial. Both arms of the trial were combined since no differences in outcomes or toxicities were observed. Wilcoxon rank sum test and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare data by comorbidity groups (CCI as a continuous variable, CCI = 6 vs. CCI ≥7 and HTN vs. no HTN). Cox regression analysis was done to identify whether CCI or HTN independently predicted OS after adjusting for trial stratification factors (pain, performance status), nomogram, risk-groups and PCWG-2 clinical sub-types. Results: CCI was 6 in 116 patients (52.7%) whereas it was 7 in 70 (31.8%), 8 in 23 (10.5%), 9 in (1.8%) and 10 in 7 patients (3.2%) respectively. HTN was present in 107 (48.6%) patients. Patients with HTN had increased CCI (mean CCI 7.0 vs. 6.43, p < 0.001). Patients with CCI of ≥7 were older and exhibited worse ECOG-PS and anemia than patients with CCI of 6 (p<0.05). CCI was not found to be independently predictive of OS on univariable and multivariable analyses. HTN alone or in combination with CCI was borderline significantly associated with OS (p~0.08) on both univariable and multivariable analyses. Conclusions: CCI did not predict OS independent of known prognostic factors in mCRPC. Age, performance status and anemia may adequately capture comorbidities in the context of mCRPC, given their association with higher CCI. Further analysis of HTN in a larger dataset may be warranted given its borderline independent association with OS.
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Yang, Yan, Cody Cox, and YoonJung Cho. "Development and Initial Validation of Cultural Competence Inventory–Preservice Teachers." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 38, no. 3 (2019): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282919848890.
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Despite the critical role of emotions in multicultural teacher education, no attempt has been made to develop an instrument including affect as a dimension in measuring cultural competence for preservice teachers. To bridge this gap, the present three-study research used three distinct samples of 456 preservice teachers to develop and estimate the reliability of scores and validity of inferences for Cultural Competence Inventory–Preservice Teachers (CCI-PT), an 18-item instrument including three subscales: emotional cultural competence (ECC), behavioral cultural competence (BCC), and cognitive cultural competence (CCC). The three-factor model was supported using exploratory factor analysis ( N = 203) in Study 1 and confirmatory factor analyses ( N = 199) in Study 2. Correlation results provided preliminary evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of CCI-PT in Study 1, and regression results in Study 3 ( N = 113) provided initial evidence of predictive validity of inference for the instrument. Further, the scores of cultural competence assessed through three independent studies also provided initial evidence of the reliability of CCI-PT.
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Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ella Zomer, Ken Chin, et al. "Effect of Comorbidity Assessed by the Charlson Comorbidity Index on the Length of Stay, Costs and Mortality among Older Adults Hospitalised for Acute Stroke." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (2018): 2532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112532.
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The burden of comorbidity among stroke patients is high. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of comorbidity on the length of stay (LOS), costs, and mortality among older adults hospitalised for acute stroke. Among 776 older adults (mean age 80.1 ± 8.3 years; 46.7% female) hospitalised for acute stroke during July 2013 to December 2015 at a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia, we collected data on LOS, costs, and discharge outcomes. Comorbidity was assessed via the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), where a CCI score of 0–1 was considered low and a CCI ≥ 2 was high. Negative binomial regression and quantile regression were applied to examine the association between CCI and LOS and cost, respectively. Survival was evaluated with the Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. The median LOS was 1.1 days longer for patients with high CCI than for those with low CCI. In-hospital mortality rate was 18.2% (22.1% for high CCI versus 11.8% for low CCI, p < 0.0001). After controlling for confounders, high CCI was associated with longer LOS (incidence rate ratio [IRR]; 1.35, p < 0.0001) and increased likelihood of in-hospital death (hazard ratio [HR]; 1.91, p = 0.003). The adjusted median, 25th, and 75th percentile costs were AUD$2483 (26.1%), AUD$1446 (28.1%), and AUD$3140 (27.9%) higher for patients with high CCI than for those with low CCI. Among older adults hospitalised for acute stroke, higher global comorbidity (CCI ≥ 2) was associated adverse clinical outcomes. Measures to better manage comorbidities should be considered as part of wider strategies towards mitigating the social and economic impacts of stroke.
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Cheng, Kuang-I., Yu-Chin Chang, Li-Wen Chu, et al. "The Iridoid Glycoside Loganin Modulates Autophagic Flux Following Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (2022): 15873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415873.
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Autophagy facilitates the degradation of organelles and cytoplasmic proteins in a lysosome-dependent manner. It also plays a crucial role in cell damage. Whether loganin affects autophagy in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain remains unclear. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of loganin on the autophagic–lysosomal pathway in the rat CCI model. Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into sham, CCI, sham + loganin, and CCI + loganin. Loganin (5 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected once daily, and rats were sacrificed on day 7 after CCI. This study focused on the mechanism by which loganin modulates autophagic flux after CCI. CCI enhanced the autophagic marker LC3B-II in the ipsilateral spinal cord. The ubiquitin-binding protein p62 binds to LC3B-II and integrates into autophagosomes, which are degraded by autophagy. CCI caused the accumulation of p62, indicating the interruption of autophagosome turnover. Loganin significantly attenuated the expression of Beclin-1, LC3B-II, and p62. Double immunofluorescence staining was used to confirm that LC3B-II and p62 were reduced by loganin in the spinal microglia and astrocytes. Loganin also lessened the CCI-increased colocalization of both proteins. Enhanced lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) and pro-cathepsin D (pro-CTSD) in CCI rats were also attenuated by loganin, suggesting that loganin improves impaired lysosomal function and autophagic flux. Loganin also attenuated the CCI-increased apoptosis protein Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Loganin prevents CCI-induced neuropathic pain, which could be attributed to the regulation of neuroinflammation, neuronal autophagy, and associated cell death. These data suggest autophagy could be a potential target for preventing neuropathic pain.
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Cheng, Kuang-I., Kan-Ting Yang, Chien-Lun Kung, et al. "BKCa Channel Inhibition by Peripheral Nerve Injury Is Restored by the Xanthine Derivative KMUP-1 in Dorsal Root Ganglia." Cells 10, no. 4 (2021): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040949.
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This study explored whether KMUP-1 improved chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced BKCa current inhibition in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham, sham + KMUP-1, CCI, and CCI + KMUP-1 (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.). DRG neuronal cells (L4–L6) were isolated on day 7 after CCI surgery. Perforated patch-clamp and inside-out recordings were used to monitor BKCa currents and channel activities, respectively, in the DRG neurons. Additionally, DRG neurons were immunostained with anti-NeuN, anti-NF200 and anti-BKCa. Real-time PCR was used to measure BKCa mRNA levels. In perforated patch-clamp recordings, CCI-mediated nerve injury inhibited BKCa currents in DRG neurons compared with the sham group, whereas KMUP-1 prevented this effect. CCI also decreased BKCa channel activity, which was recovered by KMUP-1 administration. Immunofluorescent staining further demonstrated that CCI reduced BKCa-channel proteins, and KMUP-1 reversed this. KMUP-1 also changed CCI-reduced BKCa mRNA levels. KMUP-1 prevented CCI-induced neuropathic pain and BKCa current inhibition in a peripheral nerve injury model, suggesting that KMUP-1 could be a potential agent for controlling neuropathic pain.
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Wheeler, Meghann, Shama D. Karanth, Hiren J. Mehta, et al. "Survival Differences by Comorbidity Burden among Patients with Stage I/II Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer after Thoracoscopic Resection." Cancers 15, no. 7 (2023): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15072075.
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We sought to compare overall survival (OS) by comorbidity burden among patients with stage I/II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received thoracoscopic resection. Utilizing data from the National Cancer Database, we conducted a survival analysis among patients aged 50+ with stage I/II NSCLC who received thoracoscopic resection between 2010 and 2017. The comorbidity burden was measured by the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI, 0, 1, 2+). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare overall survival relative to the CCI (CCI of 0 as the referent). Subgroup analyses were conducted considering sex, age groups, days from diagnosis to surgery, facility type, laterality, and type of surgery. For this study, 61,760 patients were included, with a mean age of 69.1 years (SD: 8.5). Notably, 51.2% had a CCI of 0, 31.8% had a CCI of 1, and 17.0% had a CCI of 2+. Most participants were non-Hispanic White (87.5%), and 56.9% were female. We found that an increase in the CCI was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (CCI 1 vs. 0 aHR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.20–1.28; CCI 2+ vs. 0 aHR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.45–1.57; p-trend < 0.01). Our subgroup analysis according to sex suggested that the association between CCI and risk of death was stronger in women.
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Kalinin, Egor V., Yaroslava M. Chalenko, Polina V. Safarova, Victoria A. Fedorova, and Svetlana A. Ermolaeva. "Analysis of production levels of InlA and InlB invasion factors in Listeria monocytogenes isolates collected in the Russian Federation." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 100, no. 5 (2023): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-397.
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Background. Listeria monocytogenes is characterized by the presence of epidemic hypervirulent clones. A key feature of L. monocytogenes is its capacity to invade non-professional phagocytic cells. Hypervirulent clones are strongly associated with the increased production and/or the presence of certain isoforms of invasion factors InlA and InlB.
 The purpose of the study is to create a test system for InlA and InlB detection and to measure the InlA and InlB production levels in L. monocytogenes isolates belonging to clonal groups with different virulence potential.
 Materials and methods. The study was performed using 32 L. monocytogenes strains belonging to epidemic clones ECII, ECIV, ECVII (clonal complexes CC1, CC2, CC7) and hypovirulent clonal complex CC9. Sequencing of inlA and inlB genes was performed. The indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze the production levels of InlA and InlB proteins.
 Results. The variability of InlA was revealed among strains belonging to the same clonal complex: 3 InlA isoforms were identified among strains belonging to CC7; out of 8 strains belonging to CC9, one strain had a stop codon in the inlA gene, leading to the loss of function of the InlA protein. The differences between inlB alleles correlated with the specificity of strains belonging to a certain clonal complex. Differences in production levels of invasion factors were measured. In strains belonging to CC9, the InlA production level was 2.5 times as low compared to strains belonging to CC1, CC2, and CC7. In strains belonging to phylogenetically related CC1 and CC2, the InlB production level was on average 4 times as high compared to strains belonging to CC7 and CC9.
 Conclusion. The obtained results confirm the variability of major invasion factors both among clonal complexes and strains of the same complex. The increased production of invasion factors InlA and InlB correlates with the potential virulence of strains.
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Peixoto, Jennifer Granja, Alessandra Germano Dias, Laís Maini Miranda, Érica Cesário Defilipo, Manuella Barbosa Feitosa, and Paula Silva de Carvalho Chagas. "Análise de confiabilidade de medidas das pressões plantares estática e dinâmica de crianças e adolescentes com desenvolvimento normal." Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 24, no. 1 (2017): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/16222224012017.
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RESUMO A pressão plantar é utilizada na avaliação clínica do pé e informa características da distribuição de carga plantar em atividades funcionais. Diversos instrumentos de avaliação podem ser utilizados e devem ter as propriedades psicométricas analisadas. A confiabilidade teste-reteste é uma medida de reprodutibilidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a confiabilidade teste-reteste das medidas de pressão máxima na estática e dinâmica de crianças e adolescentes com desenvolvimento normal (DN). Onze crianças e adolescentes com DN, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 6 e 17 anos foram avaliados duas vezes, em uma plataforma sensível à pressão plantar em ortostatismo, com e sem calçado usual, com os pés posicionados de forma livre (passo interrompido) e com os pés alinhados. Dados dinâmicos foram obtidos pela caminhada sobre a plataforma com e sem calçado. Coeficientes de correlação intraclasse (CCI) foram analisados (α=0,05). Os CCI foram consistentes para: descarga de peso (DP) anterior calçado (CCI=0,83) e DP posterior descalço (CCI=0,95) e calçado (CCI=0,83) durante a análise estática com o passo interrompido. Também foram consistentes para a variável DP estática do membro inferior (MI) direito (CCI=0,86) e esquerdo (CCI=0,82) com passo interrompido descalço e, com os pés alinhados, utilizando calçados (CCI=0,82). Na análise do MI esquerdo, com o uso de calçado, a variável pressão máxima também gerou resultado satisfatório (CCI=0,85). As demais variáveis apresentaram variação de CCI entre 0,25 e 0,74, consideradas insatisfatórias. Conclui-se que os valores de CCI foram considerados excelentes para algumas condições estáticas e inconsistentes na avaliação dinâmica.
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Kristoffersen, Malfrid H., Eva H. Dybvik, Ole M. Steihaug, et al. "Patient-reported outcome measures after hip fracture in patients with chronic cognitive impairment." Bone & Joint Open 2, no. 7 (2021): 454–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.27.bjo-2021-0058.r1.
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Aims Hip fracture patients have high morbidity and mortality. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) assess the quality of care of patients with hip fracture, including those with chronic cognitive impairment (CCI). Our aim was to compare PROMs from hip fracture patients with and without CCI, using the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register (NHFR). Methods PROM questionnaires at four months (n = 34,675) and 12 months (n = 24,510) after a hip fracture reported from 2005 to 2018 were analyzed. Pre-injury score was reported in the four-month questionnaire. The questionnaires included the EuroQol five-dimension three-level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire, and information about who completed the questionnaire. Results Of the 34,675 included patients, 5,643 (16%) had CCI. Patients with CCI were older (85 years vs 81 years) (p < 0.001), and had a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification compared to patients without CCI. CCI was unrelated to fracture type and treatment method. EQ-5D index scores were lower in patients with CCI after four months (0.37 vs 0.60; p < 0.001) and 12 months (0.39 vs 0.64; p < 0.001). Patients with CCI had lower scores for all dimensions of the EQ-5D-3L pre-fracture and at four and 12 months. Conclusion Patients with CCI reported lower health-related quality of life pre-fracture, at four and 12 months after the hip fracture. PROM data from hip fracture patients with CCI are valuable in the assessment of treatment. Patients with CCI should be included in future studies. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(7):454–465.
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Fu, Huiqun, Fenghua Li, Sebastian Thomas, and Zhongjin Yang. "Hyperbaric oxygenation alleviates chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain and inhibits GABAergic neuron apoptosis in the spinal cord." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 17, no. 1 (2017): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.08.014.
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AbstractBackground and aimsDysfunction of GABAergic inhibitory controls contributes to the development of neuropathic pain. We examined our hypotheses that (1) chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain is associated with increased spinal GABAergic neuron apoptosis, and (2) hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) alleviates CCI-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting GABAergic neuron apoptosis.MethodsMale rats were randomized into 3 groups: CCI, CCI+HBO and the control group (SHAM). Mechanical allodynia was tested daily following CCI procedure. HBO rats were treated at 2.4 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 60 min once per day. The rats were euthanized and the spinal cord harvested on day 8 and 14 post-CCI. Detection of GABAergic cells and apoptosis was performed. The percentages of double positive stained cells (NeuN/GABA), cleaved caspase-3 or Cytochrome C in total GABAergic cells or in total NeuN positive cells were calculated.ResultsHBO significantly alleviated mechanical allodynia. CCI-induced neuropathic pain was associated with significantly increased spinal apoptotic GABA-positive neurons. HBO considerably decreased these spinal apoptotic cells. Cytochrome-C-positive neurons and cleaved caspase-3-positive neurons were also significantly higher in CCI rats. HBO significantly decreased these positive cells. Caspase-3 mRNA was also significantly higher in CCI rats. HBO reduced mRNA expression of caspase-3.ConclusionsCCI-induced neuropathic pain was associated with increased apoptotic GABAergic neurons induced by activation of key proteins of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. HBO alleviated CCI-induced neuropathic pain and reduced GABAergic neuron apoptosis. The beneficial effect of HBO may be via its inhibitory role in CCI-induced GABAergic neuron apoptosis by suppressing mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in the spinal cord.ImplicationsIncreased apoptotic GABAergic neurons induced by activation of key proteins of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord is critical in CCI-induced neuropathic pain. The inhibitory role of HBO in GABAergic neuron apoptosis suppresses ongoing neuropathic pain.
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Xu, Zhaomin, Carla Francesca Justiniano, Adan Z. Becerra, et al. "Surgeon and hospital variation in adjuvant chemotherapy delivery to patients with stage III colon cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): 3596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.3596.
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3596 Background: It is well established that age and comorbidities have significant impact on adjuvant chemotherapy delivery to stage III colon cancer patients. This study examines differences in the hospital and surgeon-specific probabilities of adjuvant therapy delivery to stage III colon cancer patients by comorbidity burden and age. Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for stage III colon cancer from 2004-2013 were included from the New York State Cancer Registry and the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System. Comorbidity burden was defined with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Multilevel logistic regressions characterized variation in adjuvant chemotherapy delivery among individual hospitals and surgeons by CCI and age. Results: 11575 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 59% received adjuvant therapy. Younger age, lower CCI, and high volume surgeons/hospitals were associated with delivery of adjuvant therapy (p < 0.01). Median time to chemotherapy was 43 days among CCI = 0 vs 48 among CCI≥2. The risk adjusted hospital and surgeon-specific probabilities of adjuvant delivery decreased with increasing CCI and age. The proportion of variation attributable to surgeons, vs hospitals, increased with CCI and age. Hospital variation between the highest and lowest hospitals increased from a 6-fold difference among CCI = 0 to an 11 fold difference among CCI≥2. Surgeon variation increased from a 14-fold difference among CCI = 0 to a 40 fold difference among CCI≥2. Conclusions: Variation in adjuvant chemotherapy delivery to stage III colon cancer patients increased with higher comorbidity burden and age. While a larger proportion of variation is attributable to surgeons among patients with the highest CCI and the most elderly, the vast majority of the variation is related to hospital factors. Even taking into account that some patients may be unfit for adjuvant therapy, this variation in treatment is alarmingly high. [Table: see text]
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Wong, Melisa L., Timothy L. McMurry, Jessica R. Schumacher, et al. "Comorbidity Assessment in the National Cancer Database for Patients With Surgically Resected Breast, Colorectal, or Lung Cancer (AFT-01, -02, -03)." Journal of Oncology Practice 14, no. 10 (2018): e631-e643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.18.00175.
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Purpose: Accurate comorbidity measurement is critical for cancer research. We evaluated comorbidity assessment in the National Cancer Database (NCDB), which uses a code-based Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index (CCI), and compared its prognostic performance with a chart-based CCI and individual comorbidities in a national sample of patients with breast, colorectal, or lung cancer. Patients and Methods: Through an NCDB Special Study, cancer registrars re-abstracted perioperative comorbidities for 11,243 patients with stage II to III breast cancer, 10,880 with stage I to III colorectal cancer, and 9,640 with stage I to III lung cancer treated with definitive surgical resection in 2006-2007. For each cancer type, we compared the prognostic performance of the NCDB code-based CCI (categorical: 0 or missing data, 1, 2+), Special Study chart-based CCI (continuous), and 18 individual comorbidities in three separate Cox proportional hazards models for postoperative 5-year overall survival. Results: Comorbidity was highest among patients with lung cancer (13.2% NCDB CCI 2+) and lowest among patients with breast cancer (2.8% NCDB CCI 2+). Agreement between the NCDB and Special Study CCI was highest for breast cancer (rank correlation, 0.50) and lowest for lung cancer (rank correlation, 0.40). The NCDB CCI underestimated comorbidity for 19.1%, 29.3%, and 36.2% of patients with breast, colorectal, and lung cancer, respectively. Within each cancer type, the prognostic performance of the NCDB CCI, Special Study CCI, and individual comorbidities to predict postoperative 5-year overall survival was similar. Conclusion: The NCDB underestimated comorbidity in patients with surgically resected breast, colorectal, or lung cancer, partly because the NCDB codes missing data as CCI 0. However, despite underestimation of comorbidity, the NCDB CCI was similar to the more complete measures of comorbidity in the Special Study in predicting overall survival.
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Yang, Hua, Limin Meng, Shuanli Xin, Chao Chang, Xiufeng Zhao, and Bingyan Guo. "Association of age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A retrospective cohort study." Medicine 102, no. 47 (2023): e36283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000036283.
Full textAbstract:
Patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have a high comorbid burden. Our objective was to assess the association between the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (Age-CCI) and mortality and readmission rates within 1-year post-TAVR. Data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database (MIMIC-IV version 2.0). The primary endpoint was a composite outcome of all-cause mortality or readmission within 1-year after TAVR. To examine the associations of Age-CCI with outcomes, we used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and Kaplan–Meier curves. A total of 785 patients (52.9% male) with a median age of 84.0 years were assessed. More than half of our patients had an Age-CCI ≥ 7. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that a 1 unit increase in Age-CCI was associated with a 10% increase in mortality and readmission rates after TAVR (HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04–1.17, P < .001). High Age-CCI (Age-CCI ≥ 7) compared with the low Age-CCI (Age-CCI < 7) showed a 36% increase of mortality and readmission rates (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.07–1.73, P = .013). The RCS curve analysis showed a continuous linear relationship between Age-CCI and the composite outcome risk (P for non-linearity = .671). The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that patients with Age-CCI ≥ 7 had a poorer prognosis than those with Age-CCI < 7 (log-rank P < .001). Subgroup analyses showed the results remained stable. Age-CCI is independently associated with all-cause mortality and readmission in patients treated with TAVR, which may help clinicians risk-stratify patients and offer an opportunity to improve patient outcomes.
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Yuanming, Alvin Lee, Fiona Tan Bei Na, Raj Tiwari, et al. "Estimating the Morbidity of Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy Using the Comprehensive Complication Index: Data from the Asian Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy Consortium." Cancers 17, no. 7 (2025): 1157. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17071157.
Full textAbstract:
Background/Objectives: The Clavien–Dindo classification (CDC) grades the most severe post-operative complication and may not comprehensively reflect cumulative surgical morbidity. Our objective was to investigate the potential incremental role of the comprehensive complication index (CCI) over the CDC in defining the quality of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). Methods: Data were extracted from the Asian RARC Consortium database. Complications were classified using the CCI (CCI = 0, CCI < 75th and ≥75th percentile) and CDC. Adverse peri-operative outcomes such as length of stay >14 days (LOS > 14 days), estimated blood loss >350 mL (EBL > 350 mL), time to solid food intake >4 days (TFI > 4 days) and 30-day readmission rates were analyzed. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for CCI and CDC were compared for the various adverse outcomes. Results: The peri-operative complication rate was 44.4%, comprising 11.6% with severe complications (CDC ≥ III). The mean CCI was 10.2 (±13.5) while median CCI was 0 (IQR 0–21). There were 7.6% of patients with >one perioperative complication. On adjusted analysis, CCI ≥ 75th percentile was significantly associated with greater LOS (>14 days) (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.47–3.31, p < 0.001) compared to when CCI = 0. There were no significant differences in the AUC between CDC and CCI in predicting LOS > 14 days, TFI > 4 days, 30-day readmission or EBL > 350 mL. Conclusions: In our multi-institutional cohort, the CCI did not provide additional discrimination over CDC, and this is likely related to the limited number of complications that occurred per individual in the Asian RARC cohort. Hence, the perceived advantages of CCI over CDC are contextual.