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Journal articles on the topic 'CCD – matrix'

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Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Маркіна, О. М., В. І. Дунаєвський, В. П. Маслов, and Н. В. Качур. "THERMOGRAPHIC STUDY TELEVISION CAMERA WITH CCD MATRIX." Sensor Electronics and Microsystem Technologies 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/1815-7459.2014.4.109035.

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2

NAKANO, Kazuya, Tetsuji ANAI, and Hirofumi CHIKATSU. "CCD Camera Calibration using Dot Matrix Laser." Journal of the Japan society of photogrammetry and remote sensing 36, no. 1 (1997): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4287/jsprs.36.46.

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3

Xu, Guo Sheng. "Method for CCD Edge Signal Processing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.695.

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In order to improve the measuring precision of the one-dimension line-matrix CCD, a new sub-pixel edge detection method is proposed. Firstly the date collected by the line-matrix CCD is converted to digital data by virtual oscillograph. Base on threshold comparison, the fitting part of the edge signal is picked up for further processing; secondly, the pixels are expanded following the edge direction of the edge point, and the edge signal is fitted through the two order multinomial; finally, comparing the two order curve with the threshold voltage through the least square fit method, the precise position of the edge point can achieve the sub-pixel edge location precision.

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4

Krug, Kathrin Barbara, Hartmut Stützer, Peter Frommolt, Julia Boecker, Henning Bovenschulte, Volker Sendler, and Klaus Lackner. "Image Quality of Digital Direct Flat-Panel Mammography Versus an Indirect Small-Field CCD Technique Using a High-Contrast Phantom." International Journal of Breast Cancer 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/701054.

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Objective. To compare the detection of microcalcifications on mammograms of an anthropomorphic breast phantom acquired by a direct digital flat-panel detector mammography system (FPM) versus a stereotactic breast biopsy system utilizing CCD (charge-coupled device) technology with either a 1024 or 512 acquisition matrix (1024 CCD and 512 CCD).Materials and Methods. Randomly distributed silica beads (diameter 100–1400 m) and anthropomorphic scatter bodies were applied to 48 transparent films. The test specimens were radiographed on a direct digital FPM and by the indirect 1024 CCD and 512 CCD techniques. Four radiologists rated the monitor-displayed images independently of each other in random order.Results. The rate of correct positive readings for the “number of detectable microcalcifications” for silica beads of 100–199 m in diameter was 54.2%, 50.0% and 45.8% by FPM, 1024 CCD and 512 CCD, respectively. The inter-rater variability was most pronounced for silica beads of 100–199 m in diameter. The greatest agreement with the gold standard was observed for beads 400 m in diameter across all methods.Conclusion. Stereotactic spot images taken by 1024 matrix CCD technique are diagnostically equivalent to direct digital flat-panel mammograms for visualizing simulated microcalcifications 400 m in diameter.

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REN Jian-wei, 任建伟, 张艳琪 ZHANG Yan-qi, 叶钊 YE Zhao, and 全先荣 QUAN Xian-rong. "Establishment and application of CCD radiation response function matrix." Optics and Precision Engineering 20, no. 5 (2012): 957–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20122005.0957.

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6

M. P., Iwundu,. "Construction of Modified Central Composite Designs for Non-standard Models." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 7, no. 5 (August 8, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v7n5p95.

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The use of loss function in studying the reduction in determinant of information matrix due to missing observations has effectively produced designs that are robust to missing observations. Modified central composite designs are constructed for non-standard models using principles of the loss function or equivalently first compound of (I ) matrix associated with hat matrix . Although central composite designs (CCDs) are reasonably robust to model mis-specifications, efficient designs with fewer design points are more economical. By classifying the losses due to missing design points in the CCD portions, where there are multiple losses associated with specified CCD portions, the design points having less influence may be deleted from the full CCD. This leads to a possible increase in design efficiency and offers alternative designs, similar in the structure of CCDs, for non-standard models.

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Nishimura, R., M. Noda, T. Imaide, M. Masuda, M. Kato, and H. Komatsu. "A RGB- gamma CCD camera with a novel color matrix." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 35, no. 3 (1989): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/30.44293.

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8

Kulidzanishvili, V., and D. Georgobiani. "July 11, 1991 Eclipse Corona Photometry by the Results of Electropolarimetric and CCD-Matrix Observations." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 144 (1994): 567–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100026051.

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AbstractThe observational data of July 11, 1991 eclipse solar corona obtained by both electropolarimeter (EP) and CCD-matrix were processed. Using these data, the solar corona photometry was carried out. The results of EP data are compared with the ones of CCD data. It must be noted here that the CCD data give us only characteristics of the inner corona, while the EP data show the features of both the inner and middle corona up to 4R⊙. Standard flattening indexϵis evaluated from both data. The dependence of the flattening index on the distance from the solar limb is investigated. The isophotes in Na and Ca lines are plotted. Based on these data some ideas and conclusions on the type of the solar corona are presented.

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9

Simmons, James G., Jolanta B. Pucilowska, and P. Kay Lund. "Autocrine and paracrine actions of intestinal fibroblast-derived insulin-like growth factors." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 276, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): G817—G827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1999.276.4.g817.

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Paracrine and autocrine actions of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are inferred by local expression within the bowel. CCD-18Co cells, IEC-6 cells, and immunoneutralization were used to analyze whether IGFs have direct autocrine or paracrine effects on proliferation of cultured intestinal fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Growth factor expression was analyzed by ribonuclease protection assay and RT-PCR. Extracellular matrix (ECM) was analyzed for effects on cell proliferation. CCD-18Co cells express IGF-II mRNAs and low levels of IGF-I mRNA. Conditioned medium from CCD-18Co cells (CCD-CM) stimulated proliferation of IEC-6 and CCD-18Co cells. Neutralization of IGF immunoreactivity in CCD-CM reduced but did not abolish this effect. RT-PCR and immunoneutralization demonstrated that other growth factors contribute to mitogenic activity of CCD-CM. Preincubation of CCD-CM with ECM prepared from IEC-6 or CCD-18Co cells reduced its mitogenic activity. ECM from CCD-18Co cells enhanced growth factor-dependent proliferation of IEC-6 cells. IEC-6 cell ECM inhibited IGF-I action on CCD-18Co cells. We conclude that IGF-II is a potent autocrine mitogen for intestinal fibroblasts. IGF-II interacts with other fibroblast-derived growth factors and ECM to stimulate proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells in a paracrine manner.

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Li, Guan Nan, Qing Chang Tan, and Si Yuan Liu. "Measurement of Cam Spacing on Assembled Camshaft Based on Improved Fundamental Matrix Calibration." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.241.

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Imaging model of double CCD camera based on pinhole camera model and distortion model is introduced, and the fundamental matrix is presented. Distortion model is led into the fundamental matrix calibration. Based on the imaging model of Z. Zhangs calibration method, fundamental matrix is carried out. Pixel coordinate for calibration is modified by cameras interior parameters and distortion coefficients. Base on the imaging model of double CCD camera, measurement model for cam spacing is established. Cam spacing is measured by the feature of cam edge. In experiments, accurate pixel coordinates of model plane were used in calibration. The distance between a point and its corresponding epipolar line was estimated as the error. The measurement results show that the accuracy of proposed method satisfied the monitoring requirements of the axial positioning error of the cam piece.

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11

Ivanov, V. D., and S. B. Tihomirov. "Software development in thermovision with PtSi Schottky barrier CCD matrix sensor." Infrared Physics & Technology 43, no. 3-5 (June 2002): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4495(02)00153-6.

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12

Sid-Ahmed, M. A., M. Boraie, and W. Loy. "Photogrammetric aerotriangulation using matrix CCD cameras for close-range position sensing." Computers in Industry 12, no. 4 (August 1989): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-3615(89)90011-0.

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13

Großkopf, Rudolf E. "Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy with CCD Sensors Speed by Parallelization, Low Cost by Using More Electronics." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 814–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036564.

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CCD sensors are able to image a few megapixels within one frame. The image is scanned electronically within the semiconductor chip (instead of mechanical-optical scanning with moving mirrors, Nipkow discs or acousto-optical devices). Through parallelization. the novel concept yields speed at an unprecedented degree for confocal imaging Routine applications requiring high speed and low costs will profit from this principle. Thus, confocal imaging technology will take the same path television technology has taken—from mechanical scanning to the broadest possible application of electronicsIn order to go this way, a pinhole matrix is used on the illumination side. It has as many pinholes and the same pitch as the pitch and number of pixels of the CCD (Figure 1). In front of the receiver, a second pinhole matrix with the same pitch and number of pinholes is used All pinholes of both matrices and the pixels of the CCD are in confocal position.

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Xu, Qiao, Shun Qi Mei, and Zhi Ming Zhang. "Measurement Method of Yarn Tension Based on CCD Technology." Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (May 2011): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.89.

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As to the disadvantages of traditional contact measurement methods, a non-contact measurement system of yarn tension based on CCD technology is developed, which includes the system working principal and the structure ,the design of area matrix CCD driving circuit, the binary process of video signal boundary features by comparison method. Experimental data from contact measurement and non-contact measurement is contrasted, and the measurement error is analyzed. Experimental results show it is achieved with high accuracy and reliability.

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15

Suárez-Bermejo, Juan Carlos, J. Carlos González de Sande, Massimo Santarsiero, and Gemma Piquero. "Experimental Mueller matrix polarimetry with full Poincaré beams and a CCD camera." EPJ Web of Conferences 255 (2021): 12005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125512005.

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Recently, the use of full Poincaré beams for extracting the Mueller matrix of a sample has been proposed. These beams present all possible polarization states across their transverse section. By placing a CCD camera behind a simple polarization analyzer formed by a quarter wave phase plate and a linear polarizer, a polarization map of the beam cross section can be obtained. This polarization map is modified when a sample is inserted before the polarization state analyzer. Comparison of these two polarization maps allows to obtain the Mueller matrix of the sample. An overdetermined system of linear equations (thousands of equations) can be written from this comparison. Standard mathematical methods are used to find optimum solution of this overdetermined system of equations. Some experimental results will be presented to check the performance of the proposed polarimetric method.

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16

Bye, Cheryl A., and Alexander Scheeline. "Saha-Boltzmann Statistics for Determination of Electron Temperature and Density in Spark Discharges Using an Echelle/CCD System." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 12 (December 1993): 2022–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934066217.

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A custom echelle/CCD spectrometer system has been employed for equilibrium and nonequilibrium excitation measurements in the high-voltage spark discharge. By exploitation of the large spectral information bandwidth of the echelle/CCD system, multiple ionization stages of argon were observed in the spark emission spectrum. Ion-to-atom emission intensity ratios were used in a linearized form of the coupled Saha-Boltzmann equation for the determination of both electron temperature and density. Nonequilibrium conditions were considered. The dependence of argon excitation on sample matrix was also explored.

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Schwaderer, Andrew L., Soundarapandian Vijayakumar, Qais Al-Awqati, and George J. Schwartz. "Galectin-3 expression is induced in renal β-intercalated cells during metabolic acidosis." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 290, no. 1 (January 2006): F148—F158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00244.2005.

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The adaptation of the cortical collecting duct (CCD) to metabolic acidosis requires the polymerization and deposition in the extracellular matrix of the novel protein hensin. HCO3−-secreting β-intercalated cells remove apical Cl−:HCO3− exchangers and may reverse functional polarity to secrete protons. Using intercalated cells in culture, we found that galectin-3 facilitated hensin polymerization, thereby causing their differentiation into the H+-secreting cell phenotype. We examined the expression of galectin-3 in the rabbit kidney and its relationship to hensin during metabolic acidosis. In control kidneys, galectin-3 was expressed in the cortical and medullary collecting ducts. In the outer cortex 26 ± 3% of CCD cells expressed galectin-3 compared with 64 ± 3% of the cells of the inner cortex. In the CCD, galectin-3 was rarely expressed in β-intercalated cells, being primarily present in α-intercalated and principal cells. During metabolic acidosis, the intensity of cellular staining for galectin-3 increased and more cells began to express it; the percentage of CCD cells expressing galectin-3 increased from 26 ± 3 to 66 ± 3% in the outer cortex and from 64 ± 3 to 78 ± 4% in the inner cortex. This was particularly evident in β-intercalated cells where expression was found in only 8 ± 2% in control animals but in 75 ± 2% during metabolic acidosis in the outer cortex and similarly for the inner cortex (26 ± 6 to 90 ± 7%). Importantly, both galectin-3 and hensin were found in the extracellular matrix of microdissected CCDs; and during metabolic acidosis, many more cells exhibited this extracellular colocalization. Thus galectin-3 may play several important roles in the CCD, including mediating the adaptation of β-intercalated cells during metabolic acidosis.

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18

Bye, Cheryl A., and Alexander Scheeline. "Analyte Matrix Excitation Investigations in the High-Voltage Spark Discharge Using an Echelle/CCD System." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 12 (December 1993): 2031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934066451.

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The matrix dependence of analyte excitation in the high-voltage spark discharge has been investigated. The analyte excitation distributions of Fe(I), Mo(I), and Cu(I) have been measured. The large wavelength range of a custom echelle/CCD system was exploited for these determinations. The analyte excitation within the high-voltage spark on a time-integrated basis was determined to be independent of both sample matrix and sampled species.

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Korolev, A. N., and A. I. Gartsuev. "Precision of Measurement of the Coordinates of an Image on a CCD Matrix." Measurement Techniques 47, no. 5 (May 2004): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:mete.0000038110.15049.6a.

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20

E.I., Jaja, Etuk E.H., Iwundu M.P., and Amos E. "Robustness of Central Composite Design and Modified Central Composite Design to a Missing Observation for Non-Standard Models." African Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies 4, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajmss-c5nkoi81.

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Missing observations in an experimental design may lead to ambiguity in decision making thereby bringing an experiment to disrepute. Robustness, therefore, enables a process, not to break down in the presence of missing observations. This work constructed a modified central composite design (MCCD) from a four-variable central composite design (CCD) augmented with four center points using the leverage of a hat-matrix. The robustness of the CCD and MCCD were assessed when a design point is missing at the factorial, axial, and center points of the experiment, for a non-standard model, using the loss criterion, D-optimality, D-efficiency, and relative D-efficiency. When the designs are complete the MCCD shows higher D-efficiency and D-optimality for the non-standard model when compared to the CCD. In the absence of an observation from any of the designs, the CCD is found to be a more robust and efficient design compared to the MCCD as it has overall lower loss values at all the factors levels.

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21

Klein, Andrew J., and Emmanouil S. Brilakis. "Less may be more: Insights on dual antiplatelet therapy duration after drug-eluting stent implantation from the MATRIX registry." Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 80, no. 3 (August 29, 2012): 417–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccd.24571.

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22

Indera Sakti, Nasution, and Rath Thomas. "Optimal laser marking of 2D data matrix codes on Cavendish bananas." Research in Agricultural Engineering 63, No. 4 (December 7, 2017): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/26/2016-rae.

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A traceability system is an effective tool to guarantee safety in horticultural products and to improve supply chain transparency. A direct data matrix (DM) code created with carbon dioxide laser (wavelength 10.6 µm) can be used as a trust mark on bananas. In this study, green bananas were marked with the above-mentioned CO<sub>2</sub> laser. Subsequently, the samples were held under storage conditions. Images of the codes on bananas were captured by using two different cameras; i.e. hyperspectral imaging camera and charge-couple device (CCD) camera. Image processing was used for evaluating print quality of 2D codes based on the ISO/IEC 15415 standard. The quality of the codes on bananas mainly depends on some parameters: laser power, laser energy, marking time per module and storage time. The best readability results were achieved by using laser power of 1.8 W and marking time of 0.09 s per data matrix module, whereby an 80–100% readability of DM codes after the storage was obtained.

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Zhang, Huiting, Yuying Yuan, Sisi Li, and Yongxin Yuan. "The least-squares solutions of the matrix equation $ A^{\ast}XB+B^{\ast}X^{\ast}A = D $ and its optimal approximation." AIMS Mathematics 7, no. 3 (2022): 3680–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2022203.

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<abstract><p>In this paper, the least-squares solutions to the linear matrix equation $ A^{\ast}XB+B^{\ast}X^{\ast}A = D $ are discussed. By using the canonical correlation decomposition (CCD) of a pair of matrices, the general representation of the least-squares solutions to the matrix equation is derived. Moreover, the expression of the solution to the corresponding weighted optimal approximation problem is obtained.</p></abstract>

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Rein, Joshua L., Szilvia Heja, Daniel Flores, Rolando Carrisoza-Gaytán, Neil Y. C. Lin, Kimberly A. Homan, Jennifer A. Lewis, and Lisa M. Satlin. "Effect of luminal flow on doming of mpkCCD cells in a 3D perfusable kidney cortical collecting duct model." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 319, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): C136—C147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00405.2019.

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The cortical collecting duct (CCD) of the mammalian kidney plays a major role in the maintenance of total body electrolyte, acid/base, and fluid homeostasis by tubular reabsorption and excretion. The mammalian CCD is heterogeneous, composed of Na+-absorbing principal cells (PCs) and acid-base-transporting intercalated cells (ICs). Perturbations in luminal flow rate alter hydrodynamic forces to which these cells in the cylindrical tubules are exposed. However, most studies of tubular ion transport have been performed in cell monolayers grown on or epithelial sheets affixed to a flat support, since analysis of transepithelial transport in native tubules by in vitro microperfusion requires considerable expertise. Here, we report on the generation and characterization of an in vitro, perfusable three-dimensional kidney CCD model (3D CCD), in which immortalized mouse PC-like mpkCCD cells are seeded within a cylindrical channel embedded within an engineered extracellular matrix and subjected to luminal fluid flow. We find that a tight epithelial barrier composed of differentiated and polarized PCs forms within 1 wk. Immunofluorescence microscopy reveals the apical epithelial Na+ channel ENaC and basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase. On cessation of luminal flow, benzamil-inhibitable cell doming is observed within these 3D CCDs consistent with the presence of ENaC-mediated Na+ absorption. Our 3D CCD provides a geometrically and microphysiologically relevant platform for studying the development and physiology of renal tubule segments.

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ODERMATT, ALEX, ANNETTE AUDIGÉ, CHRISTOPH FRICK, BRUNO VOGT, BRIGITTE M. FREY, FELIX J. FREY, and LUCA MAZZUCCHELLI. "Identification of Receptor Ligands by Screening Phage-Display Peptide LibrariesEx Vivoon Microdissected Kidney Tubules." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 12, no. 2 (February 2001): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v122308.

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Abstract. A novel method to identify receptor ligands for defined renal tubular segments has been developed.Ex vivoscreening of phage-display peptide libraries on isolated intact rat proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and cortical collecting ducts (CCD) allowed the direct access of phage to the basolateral surface of tubular epithelial cells. Two distinct peptide motifs were selected for CCD and PCT, indicating differential expression of some membrane receptors on the basolateral surface of defined kidney tubule segments. Using the linear peptide motif ELRGD(R/M)AX(W/L), recovered from freshly isolated rat CCD, mediated 16-fold selectivity of phage binding to CCD compared with PCT. Binding to CCD was 39-fold higher than that of a random control phage. Binding and subsequent internalization of phage, most likely by an integrin-mediated endocytosis pathway, was abolished by the addition of the corresponding synthetic peptide. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that presentation and flanking amino acids determine the specific binding properties of RGD ligands to their putative integrin receptors. The results emphasize the need of a native cell system for the identification of renal epithelial cell surface ligands. Such ligands are of potential relevance for the analysis of interactions between extracellular matrix and kidney tubules or for the development of improved vectors for kidney-specific drug delivery or gene transfer.

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Müller, Ralf, and Georg Roth. "Matrix-free integration of image-plate diffraction data." Journal of Applied Crystallography 38, no. 2 (March 11, 2005): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889804034089.

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Matrix-free integration of area-detector diffraction data is developed to interpret data collections from single crystals, twinned or multi-phased crystals as well as quasicrystals. A pixel-background method based on the algorithm described by Bolotovsky, White, Darovsky & Coppens [J. Appl. Cryst.(1995),28, 86–95] is employed. The method is modified by using an azimuthal coordinate system and distinguishes reliably between significant scattering intensities and background intensities. Very broad intensity distributions frome.g.powder rings can be determined and reflections superimposed by diffuse scattering can be integrated reliably. A complete program suite to process area-detector data, both from image-plate and CCD detectors, is presented. The program uses both matrix-free as well as matrix-based integration. The program is tested on single-crystal and twinned-crystal diffraction data.

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Nozynska, Joanna, Brigitte Stiller, and Jochen Grohmann. "Management of a dissection of matrix P right ventricular-to-pulmonary artery conduit by implanting two pre-stents and a melody valve." Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 91, no. 7 (June 1, 2016): E64—E67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccd.26581.

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Kang, Hyen-Wook, Naoya Otani, Muramatsu Hiroshi, Sang-Mok Chang, and Jong Min Kim. "Investigation of the Extracellular Matrix Effect for the QCM/CCD Cell Activity Monitoring System." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 18, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 5777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2018.15466.

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Zhao, Zi Quan, and Rui Guang Wang. "A Brightness and Color Correction Method of LED Display Based on CCD Camera." Applied Mechanics and Materials 198-199 (September 2012): 1190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.198-199.1190.

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The correction methods of LED displays are aiming to address the uniform issues which includes brightness aspect and color aspect. The correction method use a 3×3 correction coefficients matrix to reshape the pulse width of each LED.To calculate the correction coefficients, a linear system is established, which includes a color CCD and a LED display. And a correction algorithm is introduced based on the color CCD. This algorithm describes the relationships of the main color components of a LED, when the gray level of a LED is increasing or decreasing, the three main color components would change according to the correction coefficients. The results shows that the correction based on this algorithm improved the performance of LED displays.

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30

Cassese, Salvatore, Giuseppe De Luca, Bruno Villari, Sergio Berti, Pietro Bellone, Alfonso Alfieri, Antonio Montinaro, Gaetano Quaranta, Paolo Marraccini, and Federico Piscione. "Reduced antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stenting: Multicenter janus flex carbostent implantation with short dual antiplatelet treatment for 2 or 6 months-matrix study." Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 80, no. 3 (November 9, 2011): 408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccd.23223.

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31

Dudka, Alexander. "Refinement of the λ/2 contribution to CCD detector data." Journal of Applied Crystallography 43, no. 1 (January 6, 2010): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889809051577.

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A new method is proposed to improve structure modeling by taking into account the half-wavelength contribution (λ/2) to X-ray data measured on CCD and image-plate diffractometers. Such an effect arises because the reflection intensities contain contributions associated with both the λ and the λ/2 wavelengths. The ratiowof these two contributions is a new parameter refined using the full-matrix least-squares techniques. The new method does not require any additional measurement or information. According to the tests performed, proper account of the λ/2 contribution lowers thewR2(|F|2) factors by a relative percent difference of 4–14% and the atomic displacement parameters by ∼1–4 s.u. Other effects are analyzed that might correlate with the λ/2 contribution, such as absorption, charge-density redistribution, thermal diffuse scattering and extinction. Strong correlation was found betweenwand the other parameters, but a fixed λ/2 correction reduces this difficulty. The value ofwis found to be both characteristic of the diffractometer and a general indicator of the refinement quality (similar toRfactors).

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Lee, Hwa, Ho-Yong Park, and Tae-Sook Jeong. "Pheophorbide a Derivatives Exert Antiwrinkle Effects on UVB-Induced Skin Aging in Human Fibroblasts." Life 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11020147.

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Pheophorbide a is a chlorophyll metabolic breakdown product. This study investigated the antiwrinkle effect of pheophorbide a (PA) and its derivatives, including pyropheophorbide a (PyroPA) and pyropheophorbide a methyl ester (PyroPA-ME), on ultraviolet (UV) B-stimulated CCD-986sk fibroblasts. PA, PyroPA, and PyroPA-ME effectively suppressed reactive oxygen species accumulation in UVB-exposed CCD-986sk fibroblasts. All three pheophorbides also reduced UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 secretion and mRNA expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Treatment with pheophorbides resulted in increased procollagen synthesis, and this required enhancement of procollagen type I C-peptide content and mRNA expression of collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and COL1A2 in CCD-986sk cells. These antiwrinkle effects were more potent with PA and PyroPA than with PyroPA-ME. Furthermore, PA and PyroPA suppressed UVB-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase but not p38. Moreover, all three pheophorbides inhibited NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. Therefore, these pheophorbides, especially PA and PyroPA, can be used as antiwrinkle agents, and PA- or PyroPA-rich natural resources can be used in functional cosmetics.

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Yan, Heng Feng, Jun Shao, and Ji Min Chen. "Design and Implementation of Machine Vision Automatic Laser Scanning System." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 940–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.940.

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This paper introduces a solution for laser scanning system, which utilizes machine vision technology. It includes algorithm for positioning and matrix for scanning control. The system can be used to detect an object and laser mark on specific position. This work explains how to use one CCD to catch an object’s position variation relative to a reference point, and how to translate the different coordination systems for laser scanner etc.

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Evan, A. P., L. M. Satlin, V. H. Gattone, B. Connors, and G. J. Schwartz. "Postnatal maturation of rabbit renal collecting duct. II. Morphological observations." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 261, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): F91—F107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1991.261.1.f91.

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The renal collecting duct exhibits cellular heterogeneity. An ultrastructural analysis of this nephron segment during maturation has been performed to determine morphological characteristics of developing principal and intercalated cells (IC). Apical surface features and cytoplasmic ultrastructure were best revealed by scanning electron microscopy and by transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Morphological maturity was assessed by comparing measurements of apical perimeter, vesicular profiles, and mitochondrial volume percent. In mature cortical collecting duct (CCD), approximately 30% of total cells were rich in mitochondria and generally dark in matrix staining, i.e., IC. Most IC in outer cortex were microvillated, whereas in inner cortex most IC were microplicated with interspersed microvilli. Only approximately 16% of cells in outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD, outer stripe) were IC, with light cytoplasm and large protruding apical surfaces covered exclusively with microplicae. Neonatal CCDs showed no IC in outer cortex; a single type of principal-like cell was found in outer cortical region. Neonatal IC in both CCDs and OMCDs showed smaller apical perimeters, vesicular volumes, and mitochondrial volume percents than did mature IC. Whereas the number of cortical IC was reduced in the newborn, IC were present in mature numbers in OMCD and appeared relatively more mature than did IC of CCD. Some (approximately 10%) of IC in neonatal CCD did not show an identifiable apical surface pattern. Principal cells from both newborn CCD and OMCD were also morphometrically immature. It is clear that the neonatal collecting duct undergoes postnatal proliferation and differentiation.

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Long, Robert L., Kerry B. Walsh, and Colin V. Greensill. "Sugar “Imaging” of Fruit Using a Low Cost Charge-Coupled Device Camera." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 13, no. 4 (August 2005): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.536.

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Sugar “imaging” of fruit has previously been reported using NIR filters and relatively expensive (high signal-to-noise) charge-coupled device (CCD) instrumentation. In a bid to use lower cost CCD instrumentation (criterion of less than AU $5,000 total component costs), the signal-to-noise constraint on calibration model performance was investigated by artificially degrading spectra from a 15-bit AtoD system. A low cost 8-bit CCD camera was then used in conjunction with a filter wheel in a transmittance configuration employing three 50 W halogen lamps. Multiple linear regregression calibrations were developed based on absorbance data of five wavelengths (830, 850, 870, 905 and 930 nm) relevant to sugar and water. Calibration models for the sucrose concentration of solutions on a cellulose matrix were poor ( R2 = 0.4) when based on individual pixel data, but acceptable ( R2 = 0.98, RMSECV = 1.1) ( n = 20, mean = 13.9% total soluble sugars (TSS), SD = 6.04) when based on an average of a 23 × 23 pixel block (i.e. 529 pixels). For a calibration based on melon tissue TSS, using spectral data averaged over groups of 529 pixels, results were poorer than expected ( R2 = 0.4, RMSEP = 1.74 ( n = 163, mean = 9.45, SD = 2.07% TSS). Predicted TSS output for all pixel blocks from an image was used to generate a false colour image. We conclude that this application requires a higher level of signal-to-noise (for example, 10-bit, > 60 dB CCD).

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Arun Premnath, A., P. Suryatheja, A. Srinath, and S. Karthikeyan. "Analysis of Tool Wear while Milling Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.279.

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In the present work, an attempt has been made to analyze the factors influencing tool wear while milling Al/Al2O3/Gr particulate composites. Materials used for the present investigation are Al 6061-aluminium alloy reinforced with alumina (Al2O3) of size 45 microns and graphite (Gr) of an average size 60 microns, which are produced by stir casting route. Central composite design (CCD) was employed in developing the tool wear model in relation to machining parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed, depth of cut and weight fraction of Alumina. From the Analysis of variance (ANOVA), it is found that feed is the dominant parameter for tool wear whereas weight fraction of alumina shows minimal effect on tool wear compared to other parameters. From the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the Al2O3 and Gr particles get adhered to the tool surface owing to the high pressure generated at the tool-workpiece interface.

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Andò, Giuseppe, Bernardo Cortese, Enrico Frigoli, Andrea Gagnor, Stefano Garducci, Carlo Briguori, Paolo Rubartelli, Paolo Calabrò, and Marco Valgimigli. "Acute kidney injury after percutaneous coronary intervention: Rationale of the AKI-MATRIX (acute kidney injury-minimizing adverse hemorrhagic events by TRansradial access site and systemic implementation of angioX) sub-study." Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 86, no. 5 (April 9, 2015): 950–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccd.25932.

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Wei, Wen Li, and Xiu Fang Yang. "Research on Liquid Concentration Real-Time Detecting System Based on F-P Interferometer." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.143.

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A kind of dynamic tracking system for conducting high accuracy measurement of transparent liquid concentration is designed by means of line matrix CCD receiving fringes in accordance with the relations between liquid concentration and refractive index as well as the relations among refractive index, interference light wavelength of optical fiber F-P interferometer and grade orders. The detecting system can recognize or detect 0.01% of concentration variations via measuring a group of alcohol.

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Zahradník, Rudolf, and B. Andes Hess. "Can fluorosyl hydride be formed or even prepared?" Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 4 (1990): 890–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19900890.

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HFO and HClO (fluorosyl and chlorosyl hydrides) and isomeric molecules HOF and HOCl (hypofluorous and hypochlorous acids) have been studied theoretically. On the basis of nonempiracal quantum chemical calculations (MP2, MP4 and CCD/6-311G**) geometry, energy and vibrational characteristics are analyzed and it is concluded that there is a poor chance to observe formation of HFO. Possibly, bombardment of HF in a solid matrix by 16O could lead at very low temperature to HFO.

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Li, Yan Feng, Zhi Yong An, Jin Song Wang, Zhi Gang Xu, and Hai Bin Zhu. "A Method of Measuring Laser Divergency Angle by Focus Spot Method Based on Comparative Measurement." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 992–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.992.

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his paper is based on image processing techniques, combined principle of Matrix CCD and image grabbing card , measured divergency angle of laser by focus spot method. In windows environment, using VC++ develop tools, achieved De-nosing and recognition of image and the measuring of laser divergency angle. A standard laser which of divergency angle is known is measured with focus spot proposed by the paper, the relative error ≦ 5%，which meets demand of test precision.

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Chang, Ren-Jung, and Jia-Cheng Jau. "Error Measurement and Calibration in Developing Virtual-Reality-Assisted Microassembly System." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 6 (November 5, 2015): 619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0619.

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The operational error of a virtual reality (VR) assisted vision-based microassembly system is measured and calibrated during the system development stage. The vision-based microassembly system was designed and its opto-mechanical model was established in a virtual environment. By measuring the errors between the representative points in the images of virtual cameras and charge-coupled device (CCD) visual systems, the errors in the virtual environment were compensated by correcting the projection matrix parameters, the view matrix parameters, the initial components position, and the deviation angle for the working stage motion. The effectiveness of the proposed VR-assisted fine calibration method was tested by performing VR calibration on the virtual system.

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Han, Sangwook, Bonyoung Gu, Sungwoo Kim, Seongrae Kim, Dalyong Mun, Koichi Morita, Donghyuk Kim, and Wonho Kim. "Effect of Sulfur Variation on the Vulcanizate Structure of Silica-Filled Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Compounds with a Sulfide–Silane Coupling Agent." Polymers 12, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 2815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122815.

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The vulcanizate structure of filled compounds is affected by filler–rubber interactions (FRI) and the chemical crosslink density (CCD) of the matrix rubber. In particular, in filled compounds using a silica–silane system, FRIs due to silica–rubber coupling are a major influencing factor for the vulcanizate structure and physical properties. In this study, the effect of sulfur variation on the vulcanizate structure of silica-filled solution styrene–butadiene rubber compounds using a sulfide–silane coupling agent was studied. The vulcanizate structure according to sulfur variation was quantitatively analyzed using the swelling test and Flory–Rehner and Kraus equations. As the sulfur content increased, both FRI and the CCD increased, and it was confirmed that sulfur variation influenced the silica–rubber coupling efficiency through increased FRI. In addition, field emission scanning electron microscope images showed that increased FRI contributed to improvements in silica dispersion, abrasion resistance, and energy loss characteristics.

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Li, Jin, Fei Xing, and Zheng You. "An Efficient Image Compressor for Charge Coupled Devices Camera." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/840762.

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Recently, the discrete wavelet transforms- (DWT-) based compressor, such as JPEG2000 and CCSDS-IDC, is widely seen as the state of the art compression scheme for charge coupled devices (CCD) camera. However, CCD images project on the DWT basis to produce a large number of large amplitude high-frequency coefficients because these images have a large number of complex texture and contour information, which are disadvantage for the later coding. In this paper, we proposed a low-complexity posttransform coupled with compressing sensing (PT-CS) compression approach for remote sensing image. First, the DWT is applied to the remote sensing image. Then, a pair base posttransform is applied to the DWT coefficients. The pair base are DCT base and Hadamard base, which can be used on the high and low bit-rate, respectively. The best posttransform is selected by thelp-norm-based approach. The posttransform is considered as the sparse representation stage of CS. The posttransform coefficients are resampled by sensing measurement matrix. Experimental results on on-board CCD camera images show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the CCSDS-IDC-based coder, and its performance is comparable to that of the JPEG2000 at low bit rate and it does not have the high excessive implementation complexity of JPEG2000.

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Garcia‐Garcia, Hector M., Marianna Adamo, Mohamad Soud, Omar Yacob, Andrea Picchi, Gennaro Sardella, Enrico Frigoli, et al. "Assessment of residual thrombus burden in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin infusion: The MATRIX (minimizing adverse hemorrhagic events by transradial access site and angioX) OCT study." Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 96, no. 6 (December 28, 2019): 1156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccd.28661.

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Stepanov, Valery R., and Dmitry M. Nikulin. "COMPARISON OF THE CALCULATED WORKING RANGE OF THE THIRD GENERATION EOS AND MATRIX FOR NEAR IR RANGE." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 6, no. 2 (July 8, 2020): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-6-2-88-92.

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In the course of work on the master's thesis the analysis of daytime and night-time devices was carried out. The analysis showed that devices based on CCD-matrixes prevail in this segment, but the devices of this type cannot be fully called night devices, because the sensitivity of the matrixes used in their designs does not allow to observe without illumination at natural night illumination of 10-3 lux. It is known that IR illumination is a strong unmasking factor.EOS can provide acceptable image quality in natural nightlight. But their use in day-night devices has limitations. Under prolonged exposure to high light, the photocathode of EOS quickly becomes unusable, so when developing a day-night device must provide EOS protection from daylight. Thus it was decided to use CMOS-matrix as an image receiver in the night channel. This, in turn, solves several problems at once. When using the photoreceiver there is no need for mechanical switching between the channels, as there is no danger of light. Also the spectral range of sensitivity of CMOS-matrixes is much more various than that of CCD and EOS that allows to pick up an optimum range of frequencies and to refuse illumination at normal night illumination. In this article a comparison of the calculated range of detection of the device on the basis of EOS of 3 generation with the device in which as the image receiver CMOS-matrix is used.

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Nan, Song Hui, Xue Jun Liao, and Nan Jiang. "Research of Simulation Software Architecture Optimization Used with Components Based on Reach-Ability Matrix." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2174.

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For the sake of meeting the requirement of simulation applying and simulation surroundings changing, Simulation Software Architecture (SSA) always use the means of Software Reuse. Along with the expand of component stock, the size and the architecture of SSA become more and more complex. How to optimize the architecture becomes the problem when we exploit software. This text creates the concept model of SSA architecture, using reach-ability matrix, defining the concept of Component Contribution Degree (CCD) and Component Reliant Degree (CRD), provides the measure of quantitative analysis the architecture. In particular, this text gives the rule of optimize when we add or delete or coalition etc, it’s a fine strategy of developing software and optimize architecture.

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Wu, Wenze, Leonard Weber, Finn-Niclas Stapelfeldt, Peter Hinze, Thomas Weimann, Bernd Bodermann, Stefanie Kroker, Joan Daniel Prades, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto, and Andreas Waag. "Pixel-Wise Multispectral Sensing System Using Nanostructured Filter Matrix for Biomedical Applications." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (November 29, 2018): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130880.

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In this work, a novel multispectral sensing system consisting of nanostructured filter matrix and a charge-coupled device (CCD)-based image sensor has been developed to overcome the limitation of the conventional pigment filtered sensors, which are difficult to be fabricated at a microscale and usually showing a pronounced degradation. By designing the filters in guided-mode resonance (GMR) architecture, light transmission efficiencies of ~90% with low sidebands and sharp peaks can be obtained, which are critical characteristics for realizing precise optical measurement systems. To optimize the transmission functions, various materials and structural parameters have been simulated. Electron beam nanolithography is employed in the device fabrication to fabricate pixel-wise independent filter functions. After being characterized in terms of their wavelength filtering capability, the developed GMR filters are then combined with image sensors, particularly for addressing biological applications.

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Jiao, Hong Wei, Shi Qiao Qin, Chun Sheng Hu, and Xing Shu Wang. "A New Extrinsic Calibration Method of Three-Dimensional Imaging Lidar and Camera." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 2194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.2194.

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Three-dimensional imaging lidar can offer the range information and CCD camera can offer the color information of the target. These two information can strongly supplement each other, the fusion of them is becoming a research hot point. The major problem of fusing lidar data and camera data is the coordinate calibration between them. In consideration of the traits of lidar and camera, a new planar object calibration method was proposed, which solves extrinsic matrix using the normal of planar objects. The rotation matrix and transfer vector are solved separately, which can simplify the calibration process and highly improve the calibration precision. The improved extrinsic calibration method was applied on texture mapping and reverse mapping, which show that our algorithm can gives good results.

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Zhang, Zhi Xian, Li Liang, and Yong Deng. "Camera Calibration Method Based on Halcon." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.518.

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Aiming at the applications of computer vision,a nonlinear image geometrical model for array CCD camera was build and the interior parameters and exterior parameters as well were analyzed.By applying Halcon calibration board with circular targets plane of matrix gridding type and functions library,a camera calibration algorithm and accuracy analysis were given.Experiments indicated that the parameters were accurate and this method is simple and it improves the calibration precision and computation speed, and has a good cross-platform portability.

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Lin, Chern-Sheng, An-Tsung Lu, Yuen-Chang Hsu, Chuen-Lin Tien, and Der-Chin Chen. "A Large Panel Two-CCD Camera Coordinate System with an Alternate-Eight-Matrix Look-Up Table Algorithm." Physics Procedia 19 (2011): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2011.06.145.

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