Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'CCD – matrix'

Актуальність. Проаналізувавши інформацію з джерел виявлено, що діоптрійні трубки використовуються для повірки різних оптичних приладів і є найефективнішим засобом для досягнення цієї мети. Виходячи з цього можна визначити актуальність теми дипломного проекту. Таким чином, автоматизація методу повірки діоптрійної трубки є актуальною, оскільки він пришвидшить випуск діоптрійних трубок, що у свою чергу, будуть підтримувати роботу великої кількості оптичних приладів, що використовуються в усіх технологічних сферах. Мета проекту: розробка автоматизації методу повірки діоптрійної трубки. Завдання проекту: 1. Проаналізувати літературу, пов’язану з поставленою задачею. 2. Розрахувати параметри системи та розробити конструкцію приладу. Об’єкт дослідження: діоптрійна трубка.
Relevance. After analyzing the information from the sources, it was found that diopter tubes are used to calibrate various optical devices and are the most effective means to achieve this goal. Based on this, the relevance of the topic of the thesis project can be determined. Thus, the automation of the method of calibration of the diopter tube is relevant because it will accelerate the production of diopter tubes, which in turn will support the work of a large number of optical devices used in all technological fields. Project goal: development of automation of diopter tube calibration method. Project objectives: 1. To analyze the literature related to the task. 2. To calculate the parameters of the system and develop the design of the device. Research object: diopter tube.

Ce trvail de thèse projette l'holographie numérique et les possibilités de mesures associées (interférométrie et microscopie) dans un futur où les capteurs à matériaux solides (caméras CCD et CMOS APS) offriraient facilement des résolutions spatiales proches du micromètre. Cette étude ouvre le champ d'application de l'holographie numérique à l'échelle micrométrique. Un montage a été élaboré afin d'assurer l'acquisition de microhologrammes numériques constitués de 500 pixels/mm à l'aide d'une matrice de mesure munie d'ouvertures carrées de 2 micron-mètres. Cette interface haute résolution (fc=250 traits/mm) utilise un procédé de balayage séquentiel, garantissant un échantillonnage des images enregistrées avec des pixels contigus. Nous montrons que des distances d'enregistrement réduites favorisent une géométrie de faisceaux plus ouverts dans un montage holographique avec une onde de référence plane. . .

Esta dissertação enquadra-se em um processo de busca de soluções para a geração do leiaute de circuitos integrados que permitam aumentar a qualidade da previsibilidade do comportamento de um circuito após a sua implementação. Isso é importante face ao crescimento dos problemas referentes aos efeitos elétricos adversos que surgem em nanocircuitos, tais como eletromigração, efeito antena, contatos mal formados e outros, assim como o aumento da variabilidade do processo de fabricação em tecnologias submicrônicas. O foco deste trabalho de pesquisa é a busca de soluções regulares através do uso de matrizes de portas lógicas. A experimentação efetuada realiza a geração de uma matriz de portas NAND que viabiliza a implementação de equações lógicas mapeadas para redes de portas NAND e inversores, admitindo-se a parametrização do fanout máximo. Foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta de CAD, o MARTELO, que permite efetuar a geração automática de matrizes de portas lógicas, sendo que a versão inicial está voltada para a geração de matrizes com portas NAND em tecnologia CMOS. Os experimentos efetuados revelam que esta técnica é promissora, sendo apresentados alguns dos resultados obtidos.

Les interactions cellule-cellule et cellule-matrice extracellulaire (MEC) sont cruciales pour entretenir la cohésion tissulaire. Ces deux types d'adhésions sont fonctionnellement interconnectés par un dialogue permanent qui met en jeu des voies de signalisation convergentes régulant notamment l'architecture et la contractilité du cytosquelette d'acto-myosine sous-jacent. Ce dialogue permet d'établir un équilibre de forces intracellulaires en réponse à la tension appliquée par le milieu extérieur. L'endothélium des vaisseaux sanguins est un tissu soumis à des conditions mécaniques particulières. En plus des compressions intercellulaires subies par tout épithélium, les cellules endothéliales (CEs) doivent également subir et résister aux forces hémodynamiques du flux sanguin et à la rigidité de la lame basale – deux signaux mécaniques agissant de part et d'autre de l'endothélium. Les Cerebral Cavernous Maformations (CCM) ou encore angiomes caverneux sont des lésions vasculaires hémorragiques d'origine génétique qui se développent au niveau des capillaires du système nerveux central et qui se caractérisent par des défauts dans l'environnement proche des CEs. La perte des jonctions intercellulaires et du recouvrement par les cellules murales, l'organisation aberrante de la membrane basale aussi que la stagnation du flux sanguin sont les caractéristiques des CCM. C'est pourquoi nous avons choisi cette pathologie comme modèle intéressant de mécanotransduction mettant en jeu le dialogue entre les intégrines et les cadhérines. En effet, les trois gènes indifféremment mutés dans cette pathologie codent pour des protéines, CCM1-3, qui s'associent en un complexe ternaire et qui sont reconnues comme des acteurs importants de la régulation des jonctions adhérentes. Des études moléculaires et protéomiques montrant que le complexe CCM interagit avec la protéine ICAP-1, un régulateur négatif de l'intégrine β1, nous ont conduit à formuler l'hypothèse selon laquelle ce complexe jouerait un rôle pivot dans la signalisation croisée entre ces intégrines et cadhérines. Les études effectuées pendant ma thèse ont démontré que les protéines CCM régulent l'homéostasie tensionnelle médiée par les structures d'adhérence intercellulaires et à la MEC par leur action inhibitrice sur l'intégrine β1 et en controlant une balance d'activité entre les deux isoformes de ROCK, ROCK1 et ROCK2. Nous avons montré que, suite à la perte des protéines CCMs, la suractivation de l'intégrine β1 augmente la sensibilité des CEs aux signaux mécaniques comme la rigidité de la MEC ou les forces hémodynamiques du flux sanguin. Il en résulte une suractivation de la contractilité cellulaire dépendante de ROCK1 déclenchant une boucle de rétrocontrôle mécanique conduisant à l'amplification des tensions intra- et extracellulaire et brisant ainsi l'homéostasie tensionnelle pour favoriser le phénotype malin
Cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions have crucial roles in the maintenance of the physical cohesion of any tissue. In addition, growing body of evidence indicates that these two adhesion systems do not act independently, but rather are functionally interconnected by a permanent crosstalk. This dialog usually operates via common molecules that trigger convergent signaling as well as by actomyosin network which, by providing physical link, contributes to establishment of intracellular force counterbalancing tension applied by extracellular surrounding. Blood vessels endothelium is a particular tissue in term of mechanical conditions. Apart from intracellular compression, endothelial lining needs to resist hemodynamic forces as well as rigidity of the basal membrane - two mechanical inputs acting from opposite sides of the endothelial layer. Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM) is a sporadically acquired or inherited disease of venous capillaries within neuro-vascular unit characterized by defects in all aspects of local microenvironment. Loss of intra-endothelial junctions and mural cell coverage, aberrant organization of basal lamina as well as stagnant blood flow are features of CCM lesions. Thereby, CCM became for us an interesting model to study mechanotrasduction process and in this context, the cross-talk between integrin and cadherin mediated adhesion structures. Indeed, CCM proteins are well recognized players involved in a control of VE-cadherin mediated intracellular junctions. In addition, CCM1 was found to interact with ICAP-1, a negative regulator of β1 integrin, raising the possibility that this complex most likely acts as molecular node regulating β1 integrin/ VE-cadherin convergent signaling pathways.Studies performed during this thesis have demonstrated that CCM complex coordinates cadherin- and integrin-mediated tensional homeostasis by repressing β1 integrin activation and maintaining a balance of activity between the two isoforms of RhoA-associated kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2. We have found that β1 integrin sustained over-activation upon CCM proteins loss contributes to increased ECs sensitivity to mechanical cues, such as ECM physical reorganization or hemodynamic force that in turn activates ROCK1-dependent contractility. This establishes a positive feedback mechanical loop that breaks tensional homeostasis and switches on the malignant phenotype

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified up to 30 loci that associate with increased risk of coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction. Here, I tested the function of one locus that changed the amino acid sequence of a mitochondrial matrix protease called paraplegin (SPG7) that performs critical quality assurance functions. Loss-of-function mutations in this protease are associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia. Here, I show that this variant that changes an arginine to a glutamine at position 688 within the protease domain is a gain-of-function. Cells bearing this variant have increased mitochondrial fusion and number, produce higher levels of reactive oxygen species and have increased cellular proliferation. Importantly, when expressed in yeast, the Q688 variant of SPG7 rescues the growth arrest caused by a protease-deficient mutation in AFG3L2. My study identifies a novel functional variant of SPG7 and highlights the need to go beyond the GWAS paradigm.

GABAB receptors are G-protein coupled receptors for the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The receptor is linked to a variety of disorders including epilepsy, pain, spasticity, drug addiction and cognitive impairment and is, therefore of major importance for drug discovery. The most abundant receptor isoforms GABABR1a and R1b differ by the presence in R1a of a pair of Nterminal extracellular complement control protein modules (CCP1 and CCP2) which - in other proteins - are generally involved in mediating specific protein-protein recognition. The CCP1 module contains disulphides but is natively disordered. In the current work, the yeast two-hybrid system was used to confirm an interaction of CCP1 of GABABR1a with the extracellular protein fibulin-2. Further work with the yeast twohybrid system extablished the novel interaction of the abundant extracellular matrix protein laminin, with GABABR1a CCP1, via its laminin globular (LG) domains. The laminin interaction was further characterised by surface plasmon resonance, demonstrating that several different domains are involved in the binding to the GABAB receptor CCPs. The primary binding site is located on laminin α5 LG4-5, but the E10 domains of the β1 chain and LG1-3 on α1 may also be involved. The pharmacological properties of the GABABR1a and R1b isoforms were studied by transient expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes. It was demonstrated that the agonist baclofen, as well as the antagonist CGP55845, appear to be more potent at GABABR1b compared to GABABR1a. Intriguingly, when recorded in the precence of laminin, GABABR1b/R2 expressing oocytes exhibited an increased baclofen-evoked response while the response in GABABR1a/R2 was completely abolished. In conclusion, the work demonstrates that laminin is a binding partner for GABABR1a CCPs. Such an interaction between the metabotropic GABA receptor and the extracellular matrix may lie behind the recently reported roles of GABA in neuronal migration and the laying down of neuronal circuitry during the development of parts of the central nervous system.

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Os métodos de aquisição de imagem utilizados em medicina nuclear e na radiobiologia são valiosos na determinação da anatomia da glândula tireóide na busca de anormalidades associadas ao comportamento das células foliculares. A simulação baseada no método Monte Carlo (MC) também tem sido muito utilizada na solução de problemas relacionados à detecção da radiação visando o mapeamento de imagens médicas desde a evolução da capacidade de processamento dos computadores pessoais (PC). Este trabalho apresenta um estudo inovador para encontrar o tipo adequado de matriz cintiladora, que uma vez acoplada a um dispositivo CCD (Charge Coupled Device) através de uma placa de fibra ótica, pode ser aplicado no mapeamento de imagens de folículos da glândula tireóide. A metodologia utiliza a técnica de imageamento por emissão gama e a simulação MC, visando o desenvolvimento de um sistema capaz de obter uma imagem com resolução espacial de 10 m e boa eficiência do detector. A simulação do conjunto fonte-detector foi realizada por meio do programa MCNP4B (Monte Carlo para nêutron próton transporte) para diferentes energias, materiais detectores e geometrias, incluindo tamanho de “pixel” e tipos de materiais refletores. Os resultados alcançados mostram que utilizando o MCNP4B é possível estudar e avaliar parâmetros úteis relacionados aos sistemas utilizados em medicina nuclear, especificamente em radiobiologia aplicada a estudos da fisiologia endócrina no mapeamento de imagens de folículos tireoideanos.
The image acquisition methods applied to nuclear medicine and radiobiology are a valuable research study for determination of thyroid anatomy to seek disorders associated to follicular cells. The Monte Carlo (MC) simulation has also been used in problems related to radiation detection in order to map medical images since the improvement of data processing compatible with personnel computers (PC). This work presents an innovative study to find out the adequate scintillation inorganic detector array that could be coupled to a specific light photo sensor, a charge coupled device (CCD) through a fiber optic plate in order to map the follicles of thyroid gland. The goal is to choose the type of detector that fits the application suggested here with spatial resolution of 10 m and good detector efficiency. The methodology results are useful to map a follicle image using gamma radiation emission. A source - detector simulation is performed by using a MCNP4B (Monte Carlo for Neutron Photon transport) general code considering different source energies, detector materials and geometries including pixel sizes and reflector types. The results demonstrate that by using MCNP4B code is possible to searching for useful parameters related to the systems used in nuclear medicine, specifically in radiobiology applied to endocrine physiology studies to acquiring thyroid follicles images.

Este trabalho apresenta o LIT, uma ferramenta de auxílio ao projeto de circuitos integrados analógicos que utiliza a técnica da associação trapezoidal de transistores (TAT) sobre uma matriz digital pré-difundida. A principal característica é a conversão de cada transistor simples de um circuito analógico em uma associação TAT equivalente, seguido da síntese automática do leiaute da associação séria-paralela de transistores. A ferramenta é baseada na matriz SOT (sea-of-transistors), cuja arquitetura é voltada para o projeto de circuitos digitais. A matriz é formada somente por transistores unitários de canal curto de dimensões fixas. Através da técnica TAT, entretanto, é possível criar associações série-paralelas cujo comportamento DC aproxima-se dos transistores de dimensões diferentes dos unitários. O LIT é capaz de gerar automaticamente o leiaute da matriz SOT e dos TATs, além de células analógicas básicas, como par diferencial e espelho de corrente, respeitando as regras de casamento de transistores. O cálculo dos TATs equivalentes também é realizado pela ferramenta. Ela permite a interação com o usuário no momento da escolha da melhor associação. Uma lista de possíveis associações é fornecida, cabendo ao projetista escolher a melhor. Além disso, foi incluído na ferramenta um ambiente gráfico para posicionamento das células sobre a matriz e um roteador global automático. Com isso, é possível realizar todo o fluxo de projeto de um circuito analógico com TATs dentro do mesmo ambiente, sem a necessidade de migração para outras ferramentas. Foi realizado também um estudo sobre o cálculo do TAT equivalente, sendo que dois métodos foram implementados: aproximação por resistores lineares (válida para transistores unitários de canal longo) e aproximação pelo modelo analítico da corrente de dreno através do modelo BSIM3. Três diferentes critérios para a escolha da melhor associação foram abordados e discutidos: menor diferença de corrente entre o TAT e o transistor simples, menor número de transistores unitários e menor condutância de saída. Como circuito de teste, foi realizado o projeto com TATs de um amplificador operacional de dois estágios (amplificador Miller) e a sua comparação com o mesmo projeto utilizando transistores full-custom. Os resultados demonstram que se pode obter bons resultados usando esta técnica, principalmente em termos de desempenho em freqüência. A contribuição da ferramenta LIT ao projeto de circuitos analógicos reside na redução do tempo de projeto, sendo que as tarefas mais suscetíveis a erro são automatizadas, como a geração do leiaute da matriz e das células e o roteamento global. O ambiente de projeto, totalmente gráfico, permite que mesmo projetistas analógicos menos experientes realizem projetos com rapidez e qualidade. Além disso, a ferramenta também pode ser usada para fins educacionais, já que as facilidades proporcionadas ajudam na compreensão da metodologia de projeto.

Thise thesis for 15 credits/student were executed at Zetterbergs Industry AB in Östervåla by two students. Zetterbergs develops, manufactures and mount bodywork and components for transporting trucks. Their main focus is earthmovers in the nordic countries. Recently Zetterbergs released a new dumper for hooklifts called ZD4-LV. The company promote it as a lightweight dumper for hooklifts with an appealing design. The dumper for hooklifts is built after the swedish standard and Zetterbergs now wants to produce a dumper for hooklifts that follows the german standard, DIN 30722. In the beginning of the thesis a thorough examination of the two standards SS 3021 and DIN 30722. The company wanted the new dumper for hooklifts to use the same basket as ZD4 so the student examined how the ZD4-LV was designedconstructed and manufactured. To generate concepts the five-step method were used. To figure out the best concept Pugh’s matrix were used. The result is a complete CAD-model with associated manufacturing drawings of a complete dumper for hooklifts that follows DIN 30722. New models and drawings have been made for all the new parts and assemblies, but for the existing parts, it uses the existing drawingsexisting drawings will be used. The thesis is considered a success hence all set goals were met.
Examensarbetet utfördes på Zetterbergs Industri AB i Östervåla. Arbetet är ett 15 högskolepoängsarbete/student dvs cirka 20 veckors arbete totalt då arbetet är utfört av två studenter. Zetterbergs konstruerardesignar, tillverkar och monterar lastbilspåbyggnader och har deras tyngdpunkt på anläggningsfordon i Norden. Zetterbergs släppte nyligen ett nytt lastväxlardumperflak kallat ZD4-LV. Detta flak marknadsförs som en lågviktare med snygg design. Flaket är byggt enligt svensk standard och Zetterbergs vill ta fram en variant på flaket som istället följer den tyska standardentysk standard som används i Europa.  Arbetet tog sin början i en granskning av de två olika standarderna SS 3021 och DIN 30722. Även den svenska varianten av ZD4-LV gicks igenom för att få en djupare förståelse i hur flaket var uppbyggt. Då det önskades att korgen från den befintliga lastväxlardumpern skulle används för den europeiska varianten så gjordes en granskning även i hur den befintliga lastväxlardumpern tillverkas. Femstegsmetoden användes för att generera olika koncept som sedan utvärderas och viktades i en Pugh matris. De valda koncepten från Pugh matriserna vidareutvecklades vidare som senare senare som mynnade ut i ett antal slutgiltiga konstruktioner. Resultatet blev en färdig CAD-modell med tillhörande tillverkningsritningar av en komplett lastväxlardumper som följer den europeiska tyska standarden DIN 30722. Ritningar och CAD-modeller har gjorts på samtliga delar och sammanställningar förutom på befintliga delar då dessa redan finns. Arbetet anses lyckat då alla uppsatta mål har blivit uppfyllda samt att en del extra önskemål har kunnat tillgodoses.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2006.
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Este trabalho apresenta um novo conceito para a aceleração do método TLM bidimensional (TLM-2D). A técnica baseia-se na utilização de saltos controlados no passo de tempo em conjunto com a redução de ordem de modelo, obtendo assim um processamento mais rápido. Estes saltos são numericamente estáveis e podem resultar em considerável redução na utilização do processador. Para tornar o método mais eficiente emprega-se a redução de ordem de modelo por meio da decomposição de Schur ou via decomposição em autovalores, utilizando a transformada Z. Além disso, apresenta-se aplicações da envoltória complexa na modelagem numérica utilizando o método TLM-JSN (Transmission Line Matrix - John´s Super Node) e adaptação da técnica de diakópticas na modelagem TLMJSN. A metodologia é validada através de comparações com o método TLM convencional, mediante o cálculo de diversas estruturas. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This work presents a new concept for the acceleration of the TLM method. The technique is based on the use of controlled timestep jumps together with model order reduction. This results in faster processing. These jumps are numerically stable and can result in considerable computational savings. The method can be optimized through model order reduction using Schur decomposition or through Z-transform eigenvalue decomposition. In addittion, this work presents the application of the complex envelope in TLM-JSN (Transmission-Line Matrix - John’s Super Node) together with the appllication of diakoptics techniques. The methodology is validated through comparisons with the method TLM conventional, by the calculation of several structures.

The research presented in this dissertation touches on all aspects of survey methodology, from questionnaire design to final estimation. We first approach the questionnaire development stage by proposing a method of developing matrix sampling designs, a design where a subset of questions are administered to a respondent in such a way that the administered questions are predictive of the omitted questions. The proposed methodology compares favorably to previous methods when applied to data collected from a household survey conducted in the Nampula province of Mozambique. We approach the data collection stage by proposing a structured procedure of implementing small-scale surveys in such a way that non-sampling error attributed to data collection is minimized. This proposed methodology requires the inclusion of the statistician in the data editing process during data collection. We implemented the structured procedure during the collection of household survey data in the city of Maputo, the capital of Mozambique. We found indications that the data resulting from the structured procedure is of higher quality than the data with no editing. Finally, we approach the estimation phase of sample surveys by proposing a model-based approach to the estimation of the mean squared error associated with synthetic (indirect) estimates. Previous methodology aggregates estimates for stability, while our proposed methodology allows area-specific estimates. We applied the proposed mean squared error estimation methodology and methods found during literature review to simulated data and estimates from 2010 Census Coverage Measurement (CCM). We found that our proposed mean squared error estimation methodology compares favorably to the previous methods, while allowing for area-specific estimates.
Ph. D.

El objetivo principal de este informe es resaltar el proceso de creación de estándares para la elaboración de planos de fabricación en el contexto del diseño de un prototipo digital como se muestra en el caso específico de una matriz de corte y embutido logrando de esta manera un incremento de la productividad, en función a la precisión, claridad y tiempos minimizados en la producción de los planos de fabricación. Mediante el software CAD Autodesk Inventor v. 2011 se diseñó el prototipo digital, una matriz de corte y embutido, se modeló todos los componentes de la herramienta de alta producción, se procedió a crear asimismo los subensambles y el ensamble general. Asimismo se realizó el modelado de los mismos componentes en Autocad realizándose un cuadro comparativo de tiempos de modelado entre ambos software CADs que confirmó al primero como una alternativa de software CAD para la creación de estándares, no obstante un tercer software CAD como Solidworks se presentaba como una alternativa de características muy similares a las de Autodesk Inventor, sin embargo, factores determinantes como costos de licencia, mantenimiento, soporte técnico, herramientas complementarias entre otros, señalaron al producto de Autodesk la alternativa CAD ideal. En el presente trabajo se explica detalladamente los procedimientos para la creación de cada estilo relacionado a las normas ISO correspondientes a las anotaciones propias de un plano de fabricación.
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

El objetivo principal de este informe es resaltar el proceso de creación de estándares para la elaboración de planos de fabricación en el contexto del diseño de un prototipo digital como se muestra en el caso específico de una matriz de corte y embutido logrando de esta manera un incremento de la productividad, en función a la precisión, claridad y tiempos minimizados en la producción de los planos de fabricación. Mediante el software CAD Autodesk Inventor v. 2011 se diseñó el prototipo digital, una matriz de corte y embutido, se modeló todos los componentes de la herramienta de alta producción, se procedió a crear asimismo los subensambles y el ensamble general. Asimismo se realizó el modelado de los mismos componentes en Autocad realizándose un cuadro comparativo de tiempos de modelado entre ambos software CADs que confirmó al primero como una alternativa de software CAD para la creación de estándares, no obstante un tercer software CAD como Solidworks se presentaba como una alternativa de características muy similares a las de Autodesk Inventor, sin embargo, factores determinantes como costos de licencia, mantenimiento, soporte técnico, herramientas complementarias entre otros, señalaron al producto de Autodesk la alternativa CAD ideal. En el presente trabajo se explica detalladamente los procedimientos para la creación de cada estilo relacionado a las normas ISO correspondientes a las anotaciones propias de un plano de fabricación.
Tesis

A two-dimensional structural analysis design approach has been the universally accepted method for a small structural engineering design firm. The tools to perform the analysis have been paper and pencil, calculators and more recently personal computers with two-dimensional software. With the introduction of three-dimensional software, a major shift is occurring on how small structural engineering firms approach analysis and design. This thesis research reviews the analysis of an existing building utilizing the standard two-dimensional approach, including horizontal diaphragm-action within wood floors. This study also reviews the research performed on horizontal diaphragms and investigates the use of three-dimensional, finite element modeling (RISA-3D) for the analysis of horizontal diaphragms. It is shown that the three-dimensional model can provide results similar to the two-dimensional hand calculations. However, the thickness of the diaphragm elements has to be significantly modified for flexible diaphragm action. The experience described herein is useful for structural engineer interfacing within three-dimensional CAD systems. The thesis concludes with a discussion on the challenges facing small structural engineering firms, including computer based technologies, engineering expertise to develop contract documents and review shop drawings, and outsourcing of design services.

Neste trabalho estudamos as propriedades Ãticas de filmes de sulfeto de cÃdmio (CdS) crescidos sobre um substrato de vidro. Os filmes foram obtidos por meio da tÃcnica de deposiÃÃo por banho quÃmico (Chemical Bath Deposition, CBD). Os filmes de CdS sÃo preparados numa soluÃÃo aquosa, sob agitaÃÃo, a uma temperatura de 80 oC durante 60 minutos sobre substrato de vidro. Alguns dos filmes foram obtidos com duplo depÃsito em dois banhos sucessivos iguais. Como fonte de Ãons de cÃdmio à usado sulfato de cÃdmio (CdSO4,) como fonte de Ãons de enxofre à usado a tioureia, como tampÃo à usado cloreto de amÃnia, e como agente complexante o Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (Edta) em vÃrias concentraÃÃes. ApÃs o crescimento, os filmes foram submetidos a um tratamento tÃrmico no ar nas temperaturas de 300 ou 400 oC por uma hora. Foram realizadas medidas experimentais usando a tÃcnicas de difraÃÃo de raios-X, fototransmissÃo Ãtica UV-VIS e espectroscopia Raman. Os filmes de CdS obtidos possuem estrutura cÃbica e sÃo de coloraÃÃo amarelada, homogÃneos e muito aderentes ao substrato de vidro. SÃo analisados os efeitos da concentraÃÃo de Edta, tratamento tÃrmico no ar, tempo de deposiÃÃo e temperatura de crescimento dos filmes de CdS. Nossos resultados mostram que, sob as condiÃÃes estudadas, os filmes de CdS nÃo possuem fase hexagonal em sua estrutura. O gap dos filmes de CdS està em torno de 2,45 eV, com pequenas variaÃÃes (2,40 â 2,51 eV) devido Ãs condiÃÃes experimentais de crescimento ou tratamento tÃrmico apÃs o crescimento. Observamos o modo LO, de simetria A1, em torno de 300 cm-1 e atà trÃs sobremodos desse fÃnon. Em alguns casos, os espectros Raman aparecem sobre uma larga fotoemissÃo, dependendo das condiÃÃes experimentais.

Saab Aeronautics’ section Overall Design and Survivability develops early aircraft concepts and utilizes Computer Aided Design (CAD) to ensure the feasibility of principal- and critical characteristics. Saab has over the years developed several start models of aircrafts in CAD from pre-defined aircraft configurations, which are to some extent non-generic. When new configurations are to be explored, manual- and repetitive work is required if the new configuration cannot be attained solely through parametric modifications of a start model. The complexity of these CAD models also demands great knowledge of how aircraft components interact with each other to ensure compatibility. The project covered in this thesis was thus carried out to develop a more effective way for Saab to create and explore a larger design space. This by creating a framework that consists of a product configurator coupled with a library of generic CAD models. The product configurator that was created is the Saab Tradespace Analyzer & Reconfigurator (STAR), which takes compatibility relationships into consideration to facilitate concept selection. The STAR also provides a dynamic design space calculation to indicate how close the user is to a final concept selection. Two generic CAD models were created, a fuselage model and an air inlet model. A skeleton model was also created in order to reduce model dependencies and to control the main geometry of the aircraft product. In addition to these, an already existing wing model was implemented to form the library of generic CAD models. The framework coupling the STAR with the CAD library utilizes design automation to allow automatic CAD model generation of a concept that has been selected within the STAR. It was concluded through extrapolation that the created framework would allow Saab to create and explore a larger design space in a more effective way than what is done today, provided the library of CAD models were to contain the same number of components as today’s start models.

Målet med detta projekt har varit att utveckla en monteringsvänlig och kostnadseffektiv ljuddiffuser, en komponent som inte ska påverka ljudnivån och luftflödet för mycket, tillskillnad från den befintliga lösning som idag används i 3nine AB:s oljedimavskiljare. Examensarbetet följer den produktutvecklingsprocess som redogörs i boken Produktutveckling – Konstruktion och design av Karl T. Ulrich och Steven D. Eppinger. Där arbetet har anpassats för tidsramen på 10 veckor och delats upp i fyra faser. Fas1 – Förstudie, Fas 2 – faktainsamling, Fas 3 – Genomförande och Fas 4 – Rapportering. Den lösning som används idag består av fem vikta bitar sträckmetall som har sytts ihop med ståltråd, ljuddiffusern tar lång tid att montera ihop och att montera ned i maskinen. De fem vikta bitarna sträckmetall har vassa kanter efter klippning som försvårar monteringen ytterligare. En ljuddiffuser har en kostnad på 100 kr/st att framställa. För denna lösning togs mätvärden i 3nine AB:s verkstad fram som agerar som referensmätvärden, monteringstid – 333 [s], ljudnivå – 68 [dB], luftflöde – 319 [m ³/h] och DFA – index (mätvärde för monteringsvänlighet) – 5,4 %. Där 100 % ses som optimal monteringsvänlighet och högre DFA-index leder till reducerade kostnader. Då luft strömmar genom maskinen så påverkar detta mätvärdena och möjlig design av ny prototyper, men strömningslära är kunskaper som vi saknar och detta analyser med avseende på detta avgränsades bort. Genom Idéutvecklingsprocesser som Brainstorming, 6-3-5 Brainwritning, Morfologiskmatris, Pughmatris, konceptskisser, Virtuella koncept (3D-CAD) och friformsframställning (3D-utskrivning av prototyp) så togs fem prototyper fram som sedan testades för monteringstid, ljudnivå, luftflöde och DFA-index. Dessa tester resulterade i att det var en prototyp som utmärkte sig med förbättrade resultat jämfört med referensmätvärdena av befintliga ljuddiffusern. Mätvärden för prototypen ”45° väggen”, monteringstid – 16 [s], ljudnivå – 65 [dB], luftflöde – 342 [m ³/h] och DFA – index (mätvärde för monteringsvänlighet) – 93 %. Risk – och FEM-analys genomfördes på prototypen för att identifiera svagheter i konstruktionen, lösningar på dessa rekommenderas i form av små förändringar som t.ex. rundningar vid hörn. Dessa mätvärden redogör att den framtagna lösningen är bättre än dagens lösning och rekommenderas att implementeras och vidareutvecklas av företaget
The aim of this project has been to improve the existing noise diffuser used currently today in the oil-separatingmachines developed by 3nine AB. By reducing noise levels, increasing the air flow, increasing the “ease of assembly” and making it more cost effective. The thesis follows the product development process described in the book “Product Development - Construction and Design” by Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger. The work was adapted for a 10-week timeframe and divided into four phases. Phase 1 - Pre-Study, Phase 2 – Information gathering, Phase 3 - Implementation and Phase 4 - Reporting. The solution used today consists of five folded pieces of stretch metal that have been sewn together with steel wire, the noise diffuser takes a long time to assemble and to fit into the machine. The five folded pieces of stretch metal have sharp edges after cutting, which further complicates the assembly. The production cost for each diffuser is 100 kronor. For the present solution, the measurement values taken at 3nine AB's workshop were set as reference values, assembly time - 333 [s], noise level - 68 [dB], airflow - 319 [m³ / h] and DFA-index (measurement value for ease of assembly) - 5.4%. DFA-index when 100% is seen as the optimal ease of assembly and a higher DFA-index leads to reduced costs. As air flows through the machine, this affects the measured values and possible design of new prototypes, but fluid mechanics is one knowledge we lacked and therefor analysis of this was not possible and delimited. Through Idea Development Processes such as Brainstorming, 6-3-5 Brainwriting, Morphological Matrix, Pugh matrix, Concept Sketches, Virtual Concepts (3D-CAD) and Rapid prototyping (3D-prototype printing), five prototypes were produced, then tested for assembly time, noise level, airflow and DFA -index. These tests resulted in a prototype that featured improved results compared to the reference values of the existing noise diffuser. Measurement values for prototype "45° wall" where assembly time - 16 [s], noise level - 65 [dB], airflow - 342 [m³ / h] and DFA index - 93%. Risk-analysis and FEA was carried out on the same prototype to identify weaknesses in the design. The solutions to these weaknesses are recommended in the form of small design changes such as rounded sharp corners. These measured values state that the solution developed is better than today's solution and is recommended to be implemented and further developed by the company.

碩士
逢甲大學
自動控制工程所
99
In this study, a novel positioning model of double-CCD cameras calibration system with Alternate-Eight-Matrix (AEM) Look-Up-Table (LUT) is proposed. Two CCD cameras are fixed on both side of a large scale screen to redeem the Field Of View (FOV) problem. The first to the forth AEMLUT are used to compute the corresponding position of intermediate block on the screen captured by right side camera. In these AEMLUT for right side camera, the coordinate mapping data of the target in a specific space are stored in two matrixes and the gray level threshold values in different position are stored in the others. Similarly, the fifth to the eighth AEMLUT are used to compute the corresponding position of intermediate block on the screen captured by left side camera. Experimental results show that the problems of dead angle and non-uniform light field are solved. Also, the rapid and precision positioning result can be obtained by the proposed method.

碩士
輔仁大學
電子工程學系
97
This thesis analysis the performance of an equalization/diversity-combiner operating in mobile radio environment with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) transmission, frequency-selective Rayleigh fading, and co-channel interference (CCI). The finite-length MMSE linear equalization/diversity-combiner has been shown to be an effective receiver structure for eliminating intersymbol interference (ISI) and cyclostationary CCI. This receiver structure with finite-length equalization uses the linear scheme and the decision feedback (DFE) scheme according to the minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) criterion. The simulation reveals that the symbol-spaced DFE, unlike operating in AWGN channel, cannot eliminate cyclostationary CCI efficiently and is even worse than symbol-spaced linear equalizer case. Since the accurate error probability estimation is time consuming, we use the Gaussian Quadrature Rule (GQR) method which is fast and accurate in evaluating average error probability.