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GUAN, SHENG-UEI, and SHU ZHANG. "A FAMILY OF CONTROLLABLE CELLULAR AUTOMATA FOR PSEUDORANDOM NUMBER GENERATION." International Journal of Modern Physics C 13, no. 08 (October 2002): 1047–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183102003863.
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In this paper, we present a family of novel Pseudorandom Number Generators (PRNGs) based on Controllable Cellular Automata (CCA) CCA0, CCA1, CCA2 (NCA), CCA3 (BCA), CCA4 (asymmetric NCA), CCA5, CCA6 and CCA7 PRNGs. The ENT and DIEHARD test suites are used to evaluate the randomness of these CCA PRNGs. The results show that their randomness is better than that of conventional CA and PCA PRNGs while they do not lose the structure simplicity of 1D CA. Moreover, their randomness can be comparable to that of 2D CA PRNGs. Furthermore, we integrate six different types of CCA PRNGs to form CCA PRNG groups to see if the randomness quality of such groups could exceed that of any individual CCA PRNG. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to evolve the configuration of the CCA PRNG groups. Randomness test results on the evolved CCA PRNG groups show that the randomness of the evolved groups is further improved as compared with any individual CCA PRNG.
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Zanini, Fábio D., Everton S. Ameno, Sidney O. Magaldi, and Ruben A. Lamar. "Colesteatoma de conduto auditivo externo: relato de caso." Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia 71, no. 1 (February 2005): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-72992005000100016.
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Os autores apresentam um caso de colesteatoma de conduto auditivo externo (CCAE) com extensa invasão da mastóide, mas estando preservadas a membrana timpânica e a cadeia ossicular. Como único sintoma apresentava otorréia crônica. O diagnóstico da lesão foi clínico, sendo o seu estadiamento e planejamento cirúrgico realizados através da tomografia computadorizada. Como tratamento procedeu-se a mastoidectomia radical modificada associada à meatoplastia. O CCAE, por seu caráter insidioso e correlação topográfica com estruturas nobres, deve ser sempre lembrado no diagnóstico diferencial das lesões do conduto auditivo externo. O relato deste caso tem o objetivo de revisar alguns aspectos clínicos e cirúrgicos no tratamento do CCAE e expor nossa conduta em um caso bastante evoluído da doença.
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Cámara, Beatriz, Patricia Nikodem, Piotr Bielecki, Roberto Bobadilla, Howard Junca, and Dietmar H. Pieper. "Characterization of a Gene Cluster Involved in 4-Chlorocatechol Degradation by Pseudomonas reinekei MT1." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 15 (May 22, 2009): 4905–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00331-09.
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ABSTRACT Pseudomonas reinekei MT1 has previously been reported to degrade 4- and 5-chlorosalicylate by a pathway with 4-chlorocatechol, 3-chloromuconate, 4-chloromuconolactone, and maleylacetate as intermediates, and a gene cluster channeling various salicylates into an intradiol cleavage route has been reported. We now report that during growth on 5-chlorosalicylate, besides a novel (chloro)catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, C12OccaA, a novel (chloro)muconate cycloisomerase, MCIccaB, which showed features not yet reported, was induced. This cycloisomerase, which was practically inactive with muconate, evolved for the turnover of 3-substituted muconates and transforms 3-chloromuconate into equal amounts of cis-dienelactone and protoanemonin, suggesting that it is a functional intermediate between chloromuconate cycloisomerases and muconate cycloisomerases. The corresponding genes, ccaA (C12OccaA) and ccaB (MCIccaB), were located in a 5.1-kb genomic region clustered with genes encoding trans-dienelactone hydrolase (ccaC) and maleylacetate reductase (ccaD) and a putative regulatory gene, ccaR, homologous to regulators of the IclR-type family. Thus, this region includes genes sufficient to enable MT1 to transform 4-chlorocatechol to 3-oxoadipate. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C12OccaA and MCIccaB are only distantly related to previously described catechol 1,2-dioxygenases and muconate cycloisomerases. Kinetic analysis indicated that MCIccaB and the previously identified C12OsalD, rather than C12OccaA, are crucial for 5-chlorosalicylate degradation. Thus, MT1 uses enzymes encoded by a completely novel gene cluster for degradation of chlorosalicylates, which, together with a gene cluster encoding enzymes for channeling salicylates into the ortho-cleavage pathway, form an effective pathway for 4- and 5-chlorosalicylate mineralization.
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Wang, Xin, Yuanyi Chen, Wei Ruan, Qiang Gao, Guode Ying, and Li Dong. "Intelligent Detection and Recovery of Missing Electric Load Data Based on Cascaded Convolutional Autoencoders." Scientific Programming 2020 (December 7, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8828745.
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Under the background of Energy Internet, the ever-growing scale of the electric power system has brought new challenges and opportunities. Numerous categories of measurement data, as the cornerstone of communication, play a crucial role in the security and stability of the system. However, the present sampling and transmission equipment inevitably suffers from data missing, which seriously degrades the stable operation and state estimation. Therefore, in this paper, we consider the load data as an example and first develop a missing detection algorithm in terms of the absolute difference sequence (ADS) and linear correlation to detect any potential missing data. Then, based on the detected results, we put forward a missing recovery model named cascaded convolutional autoencoders (CCAE), to recover those missing data. Innovatively, a special preprocessing method has been adopted to reshape the one-dimensional load data as a two-dimensional matrix, and hence, the image inpainting technologies can be conducted to address the problem. Also, CCAE is designed to reconstruct the missing data grade by grade due to its priority strategy, which enhances the robustness upon extreme missing situations. The numerical results on the load data of the Belgium grid validate the promising performance and effectiveness of the proposed solutions.
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Cotrado Flores, Dina Marlene. "Elaboración de curvas de fragilidad de muros de ductilidad limitada de 10 cm. de espesor, basados en ensayos experimentales; período 2011 - 2015." REVISTA VERITAS ET SCIENTIA - UPT 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 665–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47796/ves.v6i1.199.
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La presente investigación tuvo por finalidad contribuir en el estudio de vulnerabilidad sísmica en edificios de muros de ductilidad limitada. Para ello, se ha elaboró curvas de fragilidad en muros de ductilidad limitada de 10 cm de espesor según PACT del FEMA P-58. Se recopiló información de 20 ensayos experimentales realizados en el laboratorio de estructuras del Centro Peruano Japonés de Investigaciones Sísmicas y Mitigación de Desastres de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Las curvas de fragilidad expresan la probabilidad de que un muro de ductilidad limitada alcance o exceda un estado de daño seleccionado para un nivel de deriva o desplazamiento dado. De las curvas de fragilidad se puede observar que la probabilidad de exceder el 50% del estado de daño 2 (máxima resistencia del muro) es: 13mm para el MDLCCA1, 16mm para el MDL-CCA2, 20mm para el MDLCCA3, 2mm para el MDL-CCA4, 4mm para el MDLCCA5, 4mm para el MDL-CCA6, 5mm para el MDLCCA7, 4mm para el MDL-CCA8, y 4mm para el MDLCCA9. Se concluye que las curvas de fragilidad desarrollada en este proyecto son una herramienta muy útil para posteriores estudios de evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica en edificios de muros de ductilidad limitada de 10 cm de espesor.
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Kern, David M., M. Soledad Cepeda, and Anthony G. Sena. "Oral Opioid Prescribing Trends in the United States, 2002–2018." Pain Medicine 21, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 3215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa313.
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Abstract Objective To conduct a retrospective analysis of sequential cross-sectional data of opioid prescribing practices in patients with no prior history of opioid use. Methods Individuals filling an oral opioid prescription who had 1 year of prior observation were identified from four different administrative claims databases for the period between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2018: IBM MarketScan® Commercial Database (CCAE), Multi-State Medicaid Database (MDCD), Medicare Supplemental Database (MDCR), and Optum© De-Identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database. Outcomes included incidence of new opioid use and characteristics of patients’ first opioid prescription, including dispensed morphine milligram equivalent (MME) per day, total MME dispensed, total MME ≥300, and days’ supply of prescription for ≤3 or ≥30 days. Results There were 40,600,696 new opioid users identified. The incidence of new opioid use in the past 17 years ranged from 6% to 11% within the two commercially insured databases. Incidence decreased over time in MDCD and was consistently higher in MDCR. Total MME dispensed decreased in MDCD and increased in CCAE, with no major changes in the other databases. The proportion of patients receiving ≥30-day prescriptions decreased and the proportion of patients receiving ≤3-day prescriptions increased in MDCD, while ≥30-day prescriptions in the Optum database dramatically increased (low of 3.0% in 2003 to peak of 16.9% in 2017). Conclusions Opioid prescribing practices varied across different populations of insured individuals during the past 17 years. The most substantial changes in opioid prescriptions over time have occurred in MDCD, with reductions in use across multiple metrics.
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Li, Youru, Zhenfeng Zhu, Haiyan Wu, Silu Ding, and Yao Zhao. "CCAE: Cross-field categorical attributes embedding for cancer clinical endpoint prediction." Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 107 (July 2020): 101915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2020.101915.
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Liu, Tian Mo, Yu Liu, Li Wei Lu, and Fu Sheng Pan. "Upper-Bound Analysis for Change-Channel Angular Extrusion." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 838–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.838.
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Deformation of the material during 90° change-channel angular extrusion (CCAE) process is analyzed using upper-bound theorem. The mathematical model was established which includes the effect of friction between the sample and inner surface of the die, radius of inner and outer corner of the die, and the dead metal zone on the deformation patterns during change-channel angular extrusion deformation process. The model of parameters is explored in relation to the deformation of the material during the change-channel angular extrusion process. Results showed that the extrusion force increased with the increase of extrusion ratio (a2/b2), friction factor m, out corner and the reduce of inner corner. Further directions for progress in upper-bound analysis in change-channel angular extrusion deformation process are outlined.
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Da Silva, Samuel Ferreira, Giovanni De Oliveira Garcia, Edvaldo Fialho Dos Reis, and Leandro Pin Dalvi. "USO AGRÍCOLA DA VINHAÇA PARA PRODUÇÃO DE FORRAGEM DE MILHO DURANTE TRÊS ANOS DE CULTIVO1." IRRIGA 1, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2016v1n1p59-69.
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USO AGRÍCOLA DA VINHAÇA PARA PRODUÇÃO DE FORRAGEM DE MILHO DURANTE TRÊS ANOS DE CULTIVO1 SAMUEL FERREIRA DA SILVA2; GIOVANNI DE OLIVEIRA GARCIA3; EDVALDO FIALHO DOS REIS3 E LEANDRO PIN DALVI4 1Trabalho extraído da Tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor, Bolsista da FAPES.2Doutorando em Produção Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - CCAE-UFES, CEP: 29500-000, Alegre, ES. E-mail: samuelfd.silva@yahoo.com.br.3Prof. Doutor, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, CCAE-UFES, Alegre, ES. E-mail: giovanni.garcia@ufes.br; edreis@cca.ufes.br.4Prof. Doutor, Departamento de Fitotecnia, CCAE-UFES, Alegre, ES. E-mail: leandro.dalvi@ufes.br. 1 RESUMO Objetivou-se com a realização deste trabalho utilizar a vinhaça como fonte de adubação para a produção de forragem de milho (Zea mays L.) com aplicação anual durante três anos de cultivo na região Sul do município de Alegre, Espírito Santo. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, com parcelas experimentais medindo 2,20 x 3,60 m. Os tratamentos avaliados foram definidos como adubação mineral (NPK) correspondendo a testemunha e cinco doses de vinhaça, equivalendo a 50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 m3 ha-1 de vinhaça. As características agronômicas avaliadas na cultura do milho foram: altura de planta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e produção de forragem e silagem. Nos resultados, observou-se que a vinhaça utilizada proporcionou uma produtividade de forragem na dose correspondente a 100 m³ ha-1 significativamente idêntica à obtida com a adubação mineral para os três anos de cultivo. Já as doses equivalentes a 50 m³ ha-1 e acima de 100 m³ ha-1, condicionaram um efeito deletério no desenvolvimento vegetativo da cultura com uma produção inferior à obtida com a adubação mineral. Palavras-chave: Uso de efluente. Reciclagem de nutrientes. Milho híbrido. SILVA, S. F.; GARCIA, G. O.; REIS, E. F.; DALVI, L. P.AGRICULTURAL USE OF VINASSE FOR CORN FODDERS FOR THREE YEARS OF CULTIVATION 2 ABSTRACT The objective with this work was to use vinasse as a source of fertilizer for the production of corn forage (Zea mays L.), for three years of cultivation in the southern city of Alegre, Espírito Santo. The experimental design was randomized in blocks with six treatments and four replications, with plots measuring 2.20 x 3.60 m. The treatments were defined as mineral fertilizers (NPK) corresponding to witnessing five vinasse doses, equivalent to 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 m3 ha-1 vinasse. The agronomic traits in the maize were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh weight of shoot, shoot dry mass, forage production and silage production. In the results, one could observe that the vinasse used provided a forage yield in doses of 100m³ ha-1 statistically identical to the mineral fertilizer with three years of cultivation. On the other hand, doses equivalent to 50m³ ha-1 and above 100m³ ha-1 conditioned a deleterious effect on the vegetative development of the crop with a production of fewer mineral fertilizers. Keywords: Use of effluent. Nutrient recycling. Hybrid corn.
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Teixeira, Célia Regina, Danieli Almeida de Araújo Rodrigues Bulhões, and Merian Aparecida Poluceno da Silva. "Memórias da avaliação da aprendizagem: o caderno de memórias como instrumento de reflexão e autoavaliação." Dialogia, no. 26 (June 7, 2017): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/dialogia.n26.7095.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo ocasionar uma reflexo acerca da avaliao das aprendizagens, a partir dos registros nos cadernos de Memrias dos alunos do curso de pedagogia, para isto, destacamos as reflexes realizadas atravs das vivncias decorrentes da disciplina de Avaliao Educacional, ministrada no curso de Pedagogia, Centro de Cincias Aplicadas e Educao CCAE, da Universidade Federal da Paraba UFPB. A avaliao das aprendizagens vem sendo cada vez mais objeto de discusso entre estudiosos e profissionais da educao. E para demostrar esse interesse, foi proposto como avaliao da aprendizagem construo do caderno de memrias de aulas. O caderno de memrias de aulas contribuiu para a reflexo acerca das impresses e experincias sobre o processo de avaliao e, tambm nos serviu como instrumento de autoavaliao das aprendizagens construdas. Durante todo processo de construo houve um dilogo entre os aspectos da teoria e prtica, nos permitindo a todos compreender a avaliao e a sua importncia para o processo de aquisio de conhecimentos da rea avaliativa.
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Anagnostis, Panagiotis, Christos V. Rizos, Ioannis Skoumas, Loukianos Rallidis, Konstantinos Tziomalos, Emmanuel Skalidis, Vasileios Kotsis, et al. "Prevalence of Non-coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: An Analysis from the HELLAS-FH." Current Pharmaceutical Design 27, no. 21 (August 5, 2021): 2537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612827666210216151645.
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Aims: Despite the established link between familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), its association with other common atherosclerotic and metabolic diseases has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) [i.e., common carotid artery disease (CCAD) and lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD)], aortic valve stenosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with FH. Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study retrieving data from the Hellenic Familial Hypercholesterolemia Registry (HELLAS-FH). Results: A total of 1,633 adult patients (850 males) with heterozygous FH (HeFH) were included (mean age 51.3±14.6 years at registration and 44.3±15.9 years at diagnosis). Any common carotid artery stenosis (CCAS) was diagnosed in 124 out of 569 patients with available related data (21.8%), while the prevalence of CCAD (defined as a CCAS ≥50%) was 4.2%. The median (interquartile range - IQR) CCAS was 30% (20-40), whereas the median (IQR) carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was 0.7 (0.1-1.4) mm. LEAD was reported in 44 patients (prevalence 2.7%). The prevalence of aortic valve stenosis and CKD was 2.0% and 6.4%, respectively. NAFLD was present in 24% of study participants. Conclusions: HeFH is associated with a relatively high prevalence of any CCAS and CCAD. The prevalence of LEAD, CKD and aortic valve stenosis was relatively low, whereas the prevalence of NAFLD was similar to that of the general population.
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Isaia, Geraldo Cechella, Raúl Luis Zerbino, Antonio Luiz Guerra Gastaldini, and Gemma Rodrigues Sensale. "Viabilidade do emprego de cinza de casca de arroz natural em concreto estrutural (parte II): durabilidade." Ambiente Construído 17, no. 2 (June 2017): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212017000200155.
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Resumo Os resíduos incorporados aos materiais de construção devem ser usados, se possível, sem processamentos, para evitar o aumento dos impactos ambientais e custos adicionais. A cinza de casca de arroz (CCA) é uma pozolana que deve ser previamente moída, para aumentar a finura e a reatividade com o cimento, quando empregada como material cimentício. Este trabalho estuda cinza de casca de arroz natural (CCAN) sem processamento em substituição parcial de 15% de cimento, em massa, para uso em concreto estrutural, cominuída por moagem conjunta com os agregados no tambor da betoneira. Na parte I desta pesquisa, já publicada, são apresentados os resultados de microestrutura, resistência mecânica e retração, também para o teor de 25%, e nesta parte II são mostrados os dados dos ensaios de durabilidade (carbonatação, penetração de cloretos, resistividade, absorção d'água, permeabilidade ao oxigênio, absorção capilar e reação álcali-sílica - RAS), comparados ao concreto referência com 100% de cimento e, ainda, com CCA moída previamente (CCAM). Os resultados mostram que 15% de CCAN é factível de ser empregado em concreto porque apresenta desempenho superior ao concreto referência, quando usado cimento com pozolanas e próximos ou até superiores às misturas de CCAM, para grande parte das variáveis estudadas. Conclui-se que 15% de CCAN para concreto estrutural é viável e traz maior sustentabilidade.
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Hu, Tianyan, Eric Sarpong, Yan Song, Nicolae Done, Eli Orvis, James Signorovitch, and Tanaz Petigara. "1479. Incidence of Acute Otitis Media in Children in the United States before and after the introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13) during 1998-2018." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S740—S741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1660.
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Abstract Background Acute otitis media (AOM) leads to considerable healthcare resource utilization in children. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of AOM. Merck is developing V114, an investigational 15-valent PCV that contains PCV13 serotypes as well as 22F and 33F. To demonstrate the potential value of V114, it is important to estimate the remaining clinical burden associated with AOM. This study estimated AOM incidence rates (IRs) before and after the introduction of 7-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13) in the US. Methods This was a retrospective observational study using IBM MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Encounters (CCAE) (1998-2018) and Multi-State Medicaid databases (2001-2018). AOM claims in children < 18 years old were identified using ICD9 codes 382.x and ICD10 codes H66.x and H67.x. An episode could comprise one or more AOM-related claims. A gap of at least 14 days between two AOM-related claims was required to define the start of a new episode. IRs were defined as the numbers of episodes per 1,000 person-years (PY). Annual IRs were stratified by age groups (< 2, 2-4, and 5-17), and reported separately for CCAE and Medicaid databases. Results AOM IRs declined over time among commercially and Medicaid-insured children in all age groups < 18 years old. In particular, among children < 2 years, AOM IRs declined from 1,111 in 1998 to 727/1,000 PY in 2018 in commercially plans and from 895 in 2001 to 656/1,000 PY in 2018 in Medicaid (Figure 1). In children 2-4 years, AOM IRs declined from 517 in 1998 to 400/1,000 PY in 2018 in commercial plans and from 385 in 2001 to 329/1,000 PY in 2018 in Medicaid (Figure 2). In children 5-17 years, AOM IRs declined from 112 in 1998 to 87/1,000 PY in 2018 in commercial plans and from 98 in 2001 to 87/1,000 in 2018 in Medicaid (Figure 3). Figure 1. AOM incidence in commercially and Medicaid-insured children ages 0 - 1 years, episodes per 100,000 patient-years (1998 - 2018) Figure 2. AOM incidence in commercially and Medicaid-insured children ages 2 - 4 years, episodes per 100,000 patient-years (1998 - 2018) Figure 3. AOM incidence in commercially and Medicaid-insured children ages 5 - 17 years, episodes per 100,000 patient-years (1998 - 2018) Conclusion AOM IRs declined following the introduction of PCV7 and PCV13; however, disease burden remains substantial in younger children. The impact of future PCVs on AOM will depend on the proportion of AOM caused by S. pneumoniae and vaccine-type serotypes. Disclosures Tianyan Hu, PhD, Merck (Employee, Shareholder) Yan Song, PhD, Merck (Consultant) Nicolae Done, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Consultant) Eli Orvis, BA, Merck (Consultant) James Signorovitch, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Consultant) Tanaz Petigara, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder)
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Carmona, L., J. Weaver, E. Burn, B. Illingens, D. Vizcaya, R. Sawant, T. Duarte-Salles, P. Ryan, and D. Prieto-Alhambra. "SAT0138 DRUG-RELATED PANCYTOPENIA AND LEUKOPENIA IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: ARE ALL CSDMARDS EQUAL?" Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1006–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4075.
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Background:Cytopenia is a known side-effect of conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There is a lack of data on the comparative risk of cytopenia with different csDMARDs.Objectives:To assess the comparative risk of leukopenia and pancytopenia for the most frequently used first-line csDMARDs: methotrexate (MTX), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), sulphasalazine (SSZ), and leflunomide (LEF).Methods:The study used data from 7 databases from 4 countries: CCAE, MDCR, Optum, IQVIA Ambulatory EMR (US); IQVIA THIN IMRD EMR (UK); IQVIA Disease Analyzer EMR (Germany); and SIDIAP (Spain). Cohorts included adult patients with a diagnosis of RA from 2005 to 2019 with at least one-year prior follow-up, no prior inflammatory arthritis, initiaton of first-line csDMARD, and no cytopenia in the preceding 30 days. Participants were followed from one day after treatment initiation to the earliest of event occurrence, treatment discontinuation/switching plus 14 days in the on-treatment analysis, five years in the intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis, or loss to follow-up. MTX was used as reference group. Cox models were fitted with propensity score stratification for observed confounding and negative control outcomes calibration for residual error. Estimates across database were pooled where I2<40% was seen.Results:Overall 166,347 patients were included. Pooled rates of leukopenia and pancytopenia for MTX were 10.9 and 3.2 per 1,000 person years, respectively. Figure 1 and 2 show the results for the different databases and pooled estimates where applicable. Database estimates are not reported where adequate covariate balance not attained, and meta-analysis not shown where I2>0.4. MTX showed slightly higher hazards of leukopenia and of pancytopenia compared to LEF but no consistently differential risks compared to HCQ or SSZ.Figure 1.Calibrated hazard ratios (95% CI) vs MTX, on-treatment analysisConclusion:Cytopaenia is rare, and apparently more frequent with MTX and less with LEF. Since prior full blood counts were inconsistently obtained in fewer than 50% of csDMARD new users (e.g. more frequent in MTX [42%] than HCQ [32%] in CCAE and Optum; roughly equal in MDCR), these results should inform future monitoring recommendations.Figure 2.Calibrated hazard ratios (95% CI) vs MTX, ITT analysisDisclosure of Interests:Loreto Carmona Grant/research support from: Novartis Farmaceutica, SA, Pfizer, S.L.U., Merck Sharp & Dohme España, S.A., Roche Farma, S.A, Sanofi Aventis, AbbVie Spain, S.L.U., and Laboratorios Gebro Pharma, SA (All trhough institution), James Weaver Shareholder of: J&J Shares, Grant/research support from: Full-time employment salary from Janssen, Consultant of: Janssen employee, Employee of: Janssen, Paid instructor for: Janssen employee, have instructed at conferences, Speakers bureau: Janssen employee, have spoken at conferences, Edward Burn: None declared, Ben Illingens: None declared, David Vizcaya Employee of: Bayer, Ruta Sawant Shareholder of: AbbVie, Employee of: AbbVie, Talita Duarte-Salles: None declared, Patrick Ryan: None declared, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra Grant/research support from: Professor Prieto-Alhambra has received research Grants from AMGEN, UCB Biopharma and Les Laboratoires Servier, Consultant of: DPA’s department has received fees for consultancy services from UCB Biopharma, Speakers bureau: DPA’s department has received fees for speaker and advisory board membership services from Amgen
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Brito, José Raimundo Fraga de, Leandro Pin Dalvi, Leonardo Mardgan, Hugo José Gonçalves dos Santos Junior, Julielson Oliveira Ataide, and Hugo Bolsoni Zago. "Ureia tradicional e protegida no desenvolvimento e produção de forragem de milho." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 11, no. 3 (April 2, 2020): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2020.003.0006.
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O Brasil é destaque junto ao cenário mundial na produção de milho, entretanto o uso de cultivares pouco adaptadas as regiões produtoras, além do baixo uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados em cobertura, reduz o potencial produtivo das áreas cultivadas com o milho no Brasil. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento e produção do milho (Zea mays L.) híbrido RefúgioMax®, em função de fontes de adubos nitrogenados (N) (ureia tradicional, ureia protegida). O experimento foi conduzido em campo, na área experimental do CCAE (Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias da UFES), localizada no município de Alegre-ES. Foram avaliados 5 tratamentos dispostos em 5 blocos em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, onde o tratamento 1 foi a testemunha (Sem dose de N). As fontes nitrogenadas testadas foram: ureia tradicional (45% N) nas doses 10 e 20g e ureia protegida (Nitro Mais® 44,6% N; B 0,4% e Cu 0,15%) 10 e 20g por planta em cobertura. A adubação de ureia convencional proporcionou aumento de 19,790 kg ha-1 e o Nitro Mais® 25,500 kg ha-1 de forragem. Para os índices de clorofila foliar, a adubação de ureia tradicional e protegida proporcionaram um aumento b e total em todas as concentrações, porém a clorofila a foi o único que obteve uma resposta da adubação na dosagem de 10g de Nitro Mais. Com base nos resultados, verifica-se que a ureia tradicional e protegida influenciaram na produção de forragem e nos índices de clorofila foliar.
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Duarte-Salles, T., M. Recalde, J. Weaver, E. Burn, K. Marinier, Y. Díaz, B. Illingens, et al. "SAT0134 COMPARATIVE RISK OF CANCER ASSOCIATED WITH FIRST-LINE DMARDS USE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: REAL WORLD EVIDENCE FROM THE OHDSI NETWORK." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1004.1–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3866.
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Background:Conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) are recommended as first line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, but limited information exists on the comparative risk of cancer associated with their use.Objectives:To compare the risk of incident overall (excluding non-melanoma skin) and site-specific cancers (colorectal, lung, lymphoma, leukaemia) associated with first-line use of csDMARDs in patients with RA.Methods:We conducted a multinational cohort study informed by data from 7 healthcare databases including claims and electronic medical records from 4 countries (SIDIAP-Spain, MDCR-US Optum-US, CCAE-US, IQVIA AMBEMR-US, IQVIA-Germany, THIN-UK) part of the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) network. All patients aged ≥18 years who initiated methotrexate (MTX), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), sulphasalazine (SSZ), or leflunomide (LEF) as first-line monotherapy after a diagnosis of RA between 2005 to 2018 were eligible. Individuals with a prior diagnosis of another inflammatory arthropathy or cancer, or <1 year of follow-up were excluded. Patients were followed from 1-year after treatment initiation to the earliest of incident cancer, loss to follow-up, or 5-years. Cox proportional-hazard models for MTX against each other csDMARD were performed after propensity score stratification. A large set of negative control outcomes were analysed to calibrate hazard ratios (cHRs). Estimates were pooled where homogeneity across sources was adequate (I2<0.4).Results:Across the databases, 127,547 RA patients initiating csDMARD therapy were included in the analyses (MTX: 73,996, HCL: 36,381 SSZ: 9,383 LEF: 7,787). The pooled incidence rate of overall cancer for MTX was 22.8 per 1,000 person years. The pooled summary and source-specific estimated cHRs for overall cancer are shown below in Figure 1. While little difference was seen for HCQ and SSZ compared to MTX, LEF was consistently associated with a reduced cancer risk: pooled cHR (95% CI) 0.67 (0.59 to 0.76) and cHRs ranged from 0.53 (0.36 to 0.80) in CCAE-US to 0.84 (0.58 to 1.22) in SIDIAP-Spain. There were insufficient cases to look site-specific cancers within data sources, although pooled results suggest little risk difference in leukemia, lymphoma, colorectal, or lung cancers.Figure 1.Calibrated hazard ratios (cHRs) of overall cancer risk with their respective confidence intervals (95%CI) by study database. Database estimates not reported where adequate covariate balance not attained. Meta-analysis results not reported where I2>0.4.Conclusion:Compared to MTX users, patients treated with LEF had a lower risk of overall cancer. Risk of four specific cancers did not differ by first line csDMARD exposure.Disclosure of Interests: :Talita Duarte-Salles: None declared, Martina Recalde: None declared, James Weaver Shareholder of: J&J Shares, Grant/research support from: Full-time employment salary from Janssen, Consultant of: Janssen employee, Employee of: Janssen, Paid instructor for: Janssen employee, have instructed at conferences, Speakers bureau: Janssen employee, have spoken at conferences, Edward Burn: None declared, Karine Marinier Employee of: Servier, Yesika Díaz: None declared, Ben Illingens: None declared, David Vizcaya Employee of: Bayer, Katerina Chatzidionysiou Consultant of: AbbVie, Pfizer, Lilly., Patrick Ryan: None declared, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra Grant/research support from: Professor Prieto-Alhambra has received research Grants from AMGEN, UCB Biopharma and Les Laboratoires Servier, Consultant of: DPA’s department has received fees for consultancy services from UCB Biopharma, Speakers bureau: DPA’s department has received fees for speaker and advisory board membership services from Amgen
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Prats-Uribe, A., B. Illingens, D. Vizcaya, J. Weaver, E. Burn, R. Sawant, K. Marinier, P. Ryan, and D. Prieto-Alhambra. "SAT0131 CARDIO- AND CEREBROVASCULAR RISK WITH CONVENTIONAL SYNTHETIC DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUGS (CSDMARDS) IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA): A REAL-WORLD COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3463.
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Background:RA is associated with an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. csDMARDs are first-line treatments for RA and can mitigate this risk, but limited data exist on their CV effects. Previous trials have reported protective effects for methotrexate (MTX) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), but no similar data exist on sulfasalazine (SSZ) or leflunomide (LEF).Objectives:To assess the comparative effect of csDMARDs on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in RA patientsMethods:Data from 6 claims/electronic health records databases across Germany, US, and UK, all mapped to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) common data model. A cohort study was conducted including patients ≥18 years old, with first RA diagnosis in 2005-2019, initiating csDMARD monotherapy with MTX, HCQ, SSZ, or LEF. Those with a prior diagnosis of other inflammatory arthritis or <1 year prior follow-up were excluded. Patients were followed until first outcome, death, loss of or 5 years follow-up. Propensity score stratification was used, and hazard ratios (HR) estimated for HCQ, SSZ and LEF compared to MTX in each dataset using Cox regression. HR were calibrated (cHR) for residual confounding using negative control outcomes. Estimates were pooled where I2for heterogeneity <0.4. Intention to treat and an on treatment analyses are reported.Results:145,248 patients were included (MTX: 73,996, HCQ: 49,752, SSZ: 12,256, LEF: 9,244). Pooled rates of MI and stroke for MTX were 7.64 and 10.26 per 1,000 person years respectively. Detailed estimate cHRs are shown in Figure 1 for the intention to treat analysis. MI risk with SSZ and LEF was comparable to MTX. Risk of stroke was similar between LEF and MTX, but reduced for HCQ and SSZ compared to MTX, with pooled cHR (95% CI) 0.86 (0.78 to 0.95) and 0.71 (0.52 to 0.98) for HCQ and SSZ respectively. Similar results were found for “on treatment” analyses.Figure 1.Calibrated hazard ratios (cHRs) for MI and strokeConclusion:Overall, all four csDMARDs had similar effects on MI risk. HCQ and SSZ use were associated with a decreased risk of stroke compared to MTX. The observed differences may be attributable to differential effects on the atherosclerotic process, differential disease control, or both.Database estimates not reported where adequate covariate balance not attained. Meta-analysis results not reported where I2>0.4. MEDICARE did not pass diagnostics for SSZ and LEF analyses. cHR: calibrated Hazard Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; MTX: Methotrexate; HCQ: Hydroxychloroquine; SSZ: sulphasalazine; LEF: Leflunomide; THIN: The Health Improvement Network (UK); Optum: Optum de-identified Clinformatics Datamart (US); MDCR: Medicare (US); GERMANY: IQVIA Disease Analyzer EMR (Germany); CCAE: IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters (US); AMBEMR: IQVIA Ambulatory EMR (US)Database estimates not reported where adequate covariate balance not attained. Meta-analysis results not reported where I2>0.4. MEDICARE did not pass diagnostics for SSZ and LEF analyses. cHR: calibrated Hazard Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; MTX: Methotrexate; HCQ: Hydroxychloroquine; SSZ: sulphasalazine; LEF: Leflunomide; THIN: The Health Improvement Network (UK); Optum: Optum de-identified Clinformatics Datamart (US); MDCR: Medicare (US); GERMANY: IQVIA Disease Analyzer EMR (Germany); CCAE: IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters (US); AMBEMR: IQVIA Ambulatory EMR (US)Disclosure of Interests: :Albert Prats-Uribe: None declared, Ben Illingens: None declared, David Vizcaya Employee of: Bayer, James Weaver Shareholder of: J&J Shares, Grant/research support from: Full-time employment salary from Janssen, Consultant of: Janssen employee, Employee of: Janssen, Paid instructor for: Janssen employee, have instructed at conferences, Speakers bureau: Janssen employee, have spoken at conferences, Edward Burn: None declared, Ruta Sawant Shareholder of: AbbVie, Employee of: AbbVie, Karine Marinier Employee of: Servier, Patrick Ryan: None declared, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra Grant/research support from: Professor Prieto-Alhambra has received research Grants from AMGEN, UCB Biopharma and Les Laboratoires Servier, Consultant of: DPA’s department has received fees for consultancy services from UCB Biopharma, Speakers bureau: DPA’s department has received fees for speaker and advisory board membership services from Amgen
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Patel, Sparsh, Po-Yin Cheung, Tze-Fun Lee, Matteo P. Pasquin, Min Lu, Megan O’Reilly, and Georg M. Schmölzer. "Asynchronous ventilation at 120 compared with 90 or 100 compressions per minute improves haemodynamic recovery in asphyxiated newborn piglets." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 105, no. 4 (May 23, 2019): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-316610.
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ObjectiveTo determine whether different chest compression (CC) rates during continuous CC with asynchronous ventilations (CCaV) reduce time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and improved haemodynamic recovery in piglets aged 24–72 hours with asphyxia-induced asystole.MethodsThirty piglets (aged 24–72 hours) were anaesthetised, intubated, instrumented and exposed to 30 min normocapnic hypoxia followed by asphyxia. Piglets were randomised into four groups: CCaV with CC rate of 90 (CCaV+90, n=8), 100 (CCaV+100, n=8) or 120 compressions per minute (CCaV+120, n=8), and a sham-operated group (n=6). Cardiac function, carotid blood flow, cerebral and renal oxygenation and respiratory parameters were continuously recorded. Cerebral cortical tissue was harvested and assayed for inflammatory and injury markers.ResultsAll three intervention groups had a similar number of piglets achieving ROSC (6/8, 5/8 and 5/8 for CCaV+120, CCaV+100 and CCaV+90, respectively) and mean ROSC time (120, 90 and 90 s for CCaV+120, CCaV+100 and CCaV+90, respectively). The haemodynamic recovery (indicated by carotid flow, cerebral and renal perfusion) was similar between CCaV+120 and sham by the end of experiment. In comparison, CCaV+90 and CCaV+100 had significantly reduced haemodynamic recovery compared with sham operated (p≤0.05). Inflammatory (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-1β) and injury markers (lactate) were significantly higher in the frontoparietal cortex of CCaV+90 and CCaV+100 compared with sham, whereas brain injury markers were similar between CCaV+120 and sham.ConclusionsAlthough there was no difference between the groups in achieving ROSC, the haemodynamic recovery of CCaV+120 was significantly improved compared with CCaV+90 and CCaV+100, which were also associated with higher cerebral inflammatory and brain injury markers.
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Hiramatsu, Masafumi, Tomohito Hishikawa, Koji Tokunaga, Hiroyasu Kidoya, Shingo Nishihiro, Jun Haruma, Tomohisa Shimizu, et al. "Combined gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor plus apelin in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model in rats." Journal of Neurosurgery 127, no. 3 (September 2017): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.8.jns16366.
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OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether combined gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plus apelin during indirect vasoreconstructive surgery enhances brain angiogenesis in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model in rats.METHODSA chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model induced by the permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries (CCAs; a procedure herein referred to as “CCA occlusion” [CCAO]) in rats was employed in this study. Seven days after the CCAO procedure, the authors performed encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS) and injected plasmid(s) into each rat's temporal muscle. Rats were divided into 4 groups based on which plasmid was received (i.e., LacZ group, VEGF group, apelin group, and VEGF+apelin group). Protein levels in the cortex and attached muscle were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on Day 7 after EMS, while immunofluorescent analysis of cortical vessels was performed on Day 14 after EMS.RESULTSThe total number of blood vessels in the cortex on Day 14 after EMS was significantly larger in the VEGF group and the VEGF+apelin group than in the LacZ group (p < 0.05, respectively). Larger vessels appeared in the VEGF+apelin group than in the other groups (p < 0.05, respectively). Apelin protein on Day 7 after EMS was not detected in the cortex for any of the groups. In the attached muscle, apelin protein was detected only in the apelin group and the VEGF+apelin group. Immunofluorescent analysis revealed that apelin and its receptor, APJ, were expressed on endothelial cells (ECs) 7 days after the CCAO.CONCLUSIONSCombined gene therapy (VEGF plus apelin) during EMS in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model can enhance angiogenesis in rats. This treatment has the potential to be a feasible option in a clinical setting for patients with moyamoya disease.
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Zhou, Da-Kai, Xi-Wang Yang, Huining Li, Yongbo Yang, Zhen-Jun Zhu, and Na Wu. "Up-Regulation of Long Noncoding RNA CCAL Predicts Poor Patient Prognosis and Promotes Tumor Metastasis in Osteosarcoma." International Journal of Biological Markers 32, no. 1 (January 2017): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jbm.5000240.
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Background Long noncoding RNAs (IncRNAs) play essential roles in tumor progression. Aberrant colorectal cancer-associated IncRNA (CCAL) has been found in colorectal cancer. However, the function of IncRNA CCAL in osteosarcoma (OS) remains unclear. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure CCAL expression in OS tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues. The correlation betweent CCAL expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis was also analyzed. In addition, the function of CCAL was further evaluated by cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays. Results We showed that CCAL was significantly up-regulated in OS tissues compared with adjacent nontumor tissues. Increased expression of CCAL was correlated with advanced TNM stage and metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with high CCAL expression had lower overall survival than those with low CCAL expression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that CCAL expression might be an independent prognostic factor for OS patients. In addition, functional assays showed that decreased CCAL expression could inhibit OS cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability. Conclusions Our findings suggested that CCAL plays critical roles in OS progression and could act as a therapeutic target in the treatment of OS.
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Yaftian, Ali, Soheila Mirshekary, and Dessalegn Getie Mihret. "Learning commercial computerised accounting programmes." Accounting Research Journal 30, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 312–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-08-2015-0107.
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Purpose Practical accountving skills such as the ability to use commercial computerised accounting programmes (CCAP) is increasingly becoming expected of accounting graduates. To understand the impact of CCAP on learning, this paper aims to examine students’ motivations for and perceptions about learning CCAP in two accounting subjects trialled in an Australian university. Design/methodology/approach A survey of students who completed the course was conducted twice, before training and assessment using CCAP and after completing the CCAP-based learning activity and the associated assessment task. Findings The results show that students demonstrate strong positive attitudes towards learning CCAP, and using CCAP elicits active student engagement in the learning processes. The findings also show room for further enhancement of student engagement by integrating CCAP learning tasks with teamwork and developing CCAP-based learning and assessment tasks suitable for higher-order learning outcomes. Research limitations/implications The survey respondents in this study are drawn from only one higher education institution in Australia and are predominantly an international cohort. This makes the conclusions of the study exploratory in nature and thus further studies are needed before generalising the conclusions. Originality/value By providing insights into student motivations to and perceptions about the use of CCAP in accounting curricula, the study sheds light on the potential of CCAP to enhance learning and aspects of consolidating the role of CCAP as a learning tool.
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Jenks, Scott A., Chungwen Wei, Regina Bugrovsky, Aisha Hill, Xiaoqian Wang, Francesca M. Rossi, Kevin Cashman, et al. "B cell subset composition segments clinically and serologically distinct groups in chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, no. 9 (June 3, 2021): 1190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220349.
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ObjectiveWhile the contribution of B-cells to SLE is well established, its role in chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE) remains unclear. Here, we compare B-cell and serum auto-antibody profiles between patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), CCLE, and overlap conditions.MethodsB-cells were compared by flow cytometry amongst healthy controls, CCLE without systemic lupus (CCLE+/SLE−) and SLE patients with (SLE+/CCLE+) or without CCLE (SLE+/CCLE−). Serum was analyed for autoreactive 9G4+, anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-chromatin and anti-RNA antibodies by ELISA and for anti-RNA binding proteins (RBP) by luciferase immunoprecipitation.ResultsPatients with CCLE+/SLE− share B-cell abnormalities with SLE including decreased unswitched memory and increased effector B-cells albeit at a lower level than SLE patients. Similarly, both SLE and CCLE+/SLE- patients have elevated 9G4+ IgG autoantibodies despite lower levels of anti-nucleic acid and anti-RBP antibodies in CCLE+/SLE−. CCLE+/SLE− patients could be stratified into those with SLE-like B-cell profiles and a separate group with normal B-cell profiles. The former group was more serologically active and more likely to have disseminated skin lesions.ConclusionCCLE displays perturbations in B-cell homeostasis and partial B-cell tolerance breakdown. Our study demonstrates that this entity is immunologically heterogeneous and includes a disease segment whose B-cell compartment resembles SLE and is clinically associated with enhanced serological activity and more extensive skin disease. This picture suggests that SLE-like B-cell changes in primary CCLE may help identify patients at risk for subsequent development of SLE. B-cell profiling in CCLE might also indentify candidates who would benefit from B-cell targeted therapies.
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Peng, Hao, and Michael M. Neff. "CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 and ATAF2 differentially suppress cytochrome P450-mediated brassinosteroid inactivation." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 3 (October 23, 2019): 970–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz468.
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Abstract Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of steroid hormones regulating plant growth and development. Since BRs do not undergo transport among plant tissues, their metabolism is tightly regulated by transcription factors (TFs) and feedback loops. BAS1 (CYP734A1, formerly CYP72B1) and SOB7 (CYP72C1) are two BR-inactivating cytochrome P450s identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. We previously found that a TF ATAF2 (ANAC081) suppresses BAS1 and SOB7 expression by binding to the Evening Element (EE) and CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1)-binding site (CBS) on their promoters. Both the EE and CBS are known binding targets of the circadian regulatory protein CCA1. Here, we confirm that CCA1 binds the EE and CBS motifs on BAS1 and SOB7 promoters, respectively. Elevated accumulations of BAS1 and SOB7 transcripts in the CCA1 null mutant cca1-1 indicate that CCA1 is a repressor of their expression. When compared with either cca1-1 or the ATAF2 null mutant ataf2-2, the cca1-1 ataf2-2 double mutant shows higher SOB7 transcript accumulations and a stronger BR-insensitive phenotype of hypocotyl elongation in white light. CCA1 interacts with ATAF2 at both DNA–protein and protein–protein levels. ATAF2, BAS1, and SOB7 are all circadian regulated with distinct expression patterns. These results demonstrate that CCA1 and ATAF2 differentially suppress BAS1- and SOB7-mediated BR inactivation.
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Santamarta, Irene, Antonio Rodríguez-García, Rosario Pérez-Redondo, Juan F. Martín, and Paloma Liras. "CcaR Is an Autoregulatory Protein That Binds to the ccaR and cefD-cmcI Promoters of the Cephamycin C-Clavulanic Acid Cluster in Streptomyces clavuligerus." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 3106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.11.3106-3113.2002.
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ABSTRACT The putative regulatory CcaR protein, which is encoded in the β-lactam supercluster of Streptomyces clavuligerus, has been partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and heparin affinity chromatography. In addition, it was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified as a His-tagged recombinant protein (rCcaR), and used to raise anti-rCcaR antibodies. The partially purified CcaR protein from S. clavuligerus was able to bind DNA fragments containing the promoter regions of the ccaR gene itself and the bidirectional cefD-cmcI promoter region. In contrast, CcaR did not bind to DNA fragments with the promoter regions of other genes of the cephamycin-clavulanic acid supercluster including lat, blp, claR, car-cyp, and the unlinked argR gene. The DNA shifts obtained with CcaR were prevented by anti-rCcaR immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies but not by anti-rabbit IgG antibodies. ccaR and the bidirectional cefD-cmcI promoter region were fused to the xylE reporter gene and expressed in Streptomyces lividans and S. clavuligerus. These constructs produced low catechol dioxygenase activity in the absence of CcaR; activity was increased 1.7- to 4.6-fold in cultures expressing CcaR. Amplification of the ccaR promoter region lacking its coding sequence in a high-copy-number plasmid in S. clavuligerus ATCC 27064 resulted in a reduced production of cephamycin C and clavulanic acid, by 12 to 20% and 40 to 60%, respectively, due to titration of the CcaR regulator. These findings confirm that CcaR is a positively acting autoregulatory protein able to bind to its own promoter as well as to the cefD-cmcI bidirectional promoter region.
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Vargas, Sara O., Esther Korpershoek, Harry P. W. Kozakewich, Ronald R. de Krijger, Jonathan A. Fletcher, and Antonio R. Perez-Atayde. "Cytogenetic and p53 Profiles in Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation: Insights into its Relationship with Pleuropulmonary Blastoma." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 9, no. 3 (May 2006): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2350/06-01-0025.1.
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Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), a developmental anomaly of lung, shares many features with the pediatric tumor pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB). Both may show benign epithelium-lined cysts and mesenchymal proliferation, often with skeletal muscle differentiation. Before its recognition as a distinct entity, PPB was described in several reports as “rhabdomyosarcoma arising in CCAM.” Abnormal karyotypes in PPB often show excess material from chromosome 8. It has also been suggested that PPB may harbor p53 mutations. We examined the karyotype and searched for p53 mutations (via immunostaining and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis) in 11 CCAM and in 2 PPB. Karyotypes were normal in all CCAM and showed clonal abnormalities in both PPB. There was marked and diffuse immunopositivity for nuclear p53 in the epithelial cells of CCAM and PPB. Strong staining was also observed in approximately 50% of the stromal cells in all PPB, but was seen in the stroma of only 2 of 10 CCAM, where it was faint and focal. TP53 mutations were not identified in CCAM or PPB. We conclude that CCAM does not contain the clonal chromosomal aberrations reported in PPB and shows less stromal p53 immunostaining than PPB. Since p53 mutations were not identified in either entity, the observed p53 immunoreactivity may be caused by another mechanism; its role in PPB and CCAM pathogenesis remains to be determined. Overall, these findings provide evidence that CCAM is nonneoplastic. Although some may view CCAM as a PPB precursor, it remains biologically distinct in terms of karyotype and p53 status.
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Sarkar, Rhitajit, Bibhabasu Hazra, and Nripendranath Mandal. "Hepatoprotective Potential ofCaesalpinia cristaagainst Iron-Overload-Induced Liver Toxicity in Mice." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/896341.
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The present study was carried out to evaluate the ameliorating effect ofCaesalpinia cristaLinn. (CCME) extract on iron-overload-induced liver injury. Iron overload was induced by intraperitoneal administration of iron dextran into mice. CCME attenuated the percentage increase in liver iron and serum ferritin levels when compared to control group. CCME also showed a dose-dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and liver fibrosis. The serum enzyme markers were found to be less, whereas enhanced levels of liver antioxidant enzymes were detected in CCME-treated group. In presence of CCME, the reductive release of ferritin iron was increased significantly. Furthermore, CCME exhibited DPPH radical scavenging and protection against Fe2+-mediated oxidative DNA damage. The current study confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of CCME against the model hepatotoxicant iron overload and the activity is likely related to its potent antioxidant and iron-chelating property.
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LOI, P. K., S. A. EMMAL, Y. PARK, and N. J. TUBLITZ. "IDENTIFICATION, SEQUENCE AND EXPRESSION OF A CRUSTACEAN CARDIOACTIVE PEPTIDE (CCAP) GENE IN THE MOTHMANDUCA SEXTA." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 16 (August 15, 2001): 2803–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.16.2803.
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SUMMARYThe crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) gene was isolated from the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta. The gene has an open reading frame of 125 amino acid residues containing a single, complete copy of CCAP. Analysis of the gene structure revealed three introns interrupting the coding region. A comparison of the M. sexta CCAP gene with the Drosophila melanogaster genome database reveals significant similarities in sequence and gene structure.The spatial and temporal expression patterns of the CCAP gene in the M. sexta central nervous system were determined in all major post-embryonic stages using in situ hybridization techniques. The CCAP gene is expressed in a total of 116 neurons in the post-embryonic M. sextacentral nervous system. Nine pairs of cells are observed in the brain, 4.5 pairs in the subesophageal ganglion, three pairs in each thoracic ganglion(T1-T3), three pairs in the first abdominal ganglion (A1), five pairs each in the second to sixth abdominal ganglia (A2-A6) and 7.5 pairs in the terminal ganglion. The CCAP gene is expressed in every ganglion in each post-embryonic stage, except in the thoracic ganglia of first- and second-instar larvae. The number of cells expressing the CCAP gene varies during post-embryonic life,starting at 52 cells in the first instar and reaching a maximum of 116 shortly after pupation. One set of thoracic neurons expressing CCAP mRNA shows unusual variability in expression levels immediately prior to larval ecdysis. Using previously published CCAP immunocytochemical data, it was determined that 91 of 95 CCAP-immunopositive neurons in the M. sexta central nervous system also express the M. sexta CCAP gene, indicating that there is likely to be only a single CCAP gene in M. sexta.
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Ishiyama, Ken, Yukio Kondo, Eric D. Wieder, Sijie Lu, and Jeffrey J. Molldrem. "Aberrantly Expressed Neutrophil Elastase (ELA2) Cleaves Cyclin E (CCNE) in the Nucleus and Cytoplasm of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Yielding Novel Leukemia-Associated Antigens." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 4429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4429.4429.
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Abstract We have shown that donor-derived cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are specific for two HLA-A2-restricted peptides derived from CCNE (CCNE1144–152, ILLDWLMEV and CCNE2144–152, ILLDWLLEV) specifically lyse lymphoid and myeloid leukemia cells that aberrantly express CCNE. The CCNE protein is overexpressed in AML, ALL, and CML, and in solid tumors such as breast, lung, and gastric cancers. Furthermore, five low molecular weight forms (LMWFs) of CCNE, which are constitutively active to promote cell division, are found only in malignant cells, though it is not known how LMWFs are formed in leukemia. We hypothesized that the cleavage of CCNE into LMWFs occurs by enzymatic cleavage from aberrantly expressed ELA2 in leukemia, which renders the leukemia susceptible to killing by ELA2- and CCNE-specific CTL. Whole cell lysates from U937, HL60, and bone marrow from patients with B-ALL, but not from PBMC or bone marrow cells from healthy donors or ALL patients in remission, showed high expression of CCNE and LMWF by western blot (WB). Recombinant ELA2 added to B cell-derived whole cell lysates increased LMWFs, and the leukocyte elastase inhibitor Elafin prevented this cleavage. Subcellular fractions studied by coimmunoprecipitation showed that ELA2 was bound to CCNE in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and membrane-bound organelles of B-ALL, but not in normal cells. Because nuclear expression of CCNE increases during normal cell division, we studied healthy donor PBMC stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 and found no expression of ELA2 or CCNE LMWFs by WB. We conclude that ELA2, normally expressed only in myeloid cells, is also expressed in some ALL blasts, and this data explains how CCNE LMWFs are formed in leukemia. Our findings also suggest how ELA2-mediated cleavage of the PML-RARα fusion product, required for leukemic transformation, could occur when ELA2 is aberrantly expressed in the nucleus. Finally, this work implies that overexpression of CCNE and the LMWFs that contain the immunogenic peptides could increase susceptibility of leukemia cells to CCNE-CTL lysis.
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McMULLIN, Richard Troy, Lindsay L. BENNETT, Owen J. BJORGAN, Danielle A. BOURQUE, Charlotte J. BURKE, Mackenzie A. CLARKE, Marie K. GUTGESELL, et al. "Relationships between air pollution, population density, and lichen biodiversity in the Niagara Escarpment World Biosphere Reserve." Lichenologist 48, no. 5 (September 2016): 593–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282916000402.
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AbstractThe fragmented ecosystems along the Niagara Escarpment World Biosphere Reserve provide important habitats for biota including lichens. Nonetheless, the Reserve is disturbed by dense human populations and associated air pollution. Here we investigated patterns of lichen diversity within urban and rural sites at three different locations (Niagara, Hamilton, and Owen Sound) along the Niagara Escarpment in Ontario, Canada. Our results indicate that both lichen species richness and community composition are negatively correlated with increasing human population density and air pollution. However, our quantitative analysis of community composition using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicates that human population density and air pollution is more independent than might be assumed. The CCA analysis suggests that the strongest environmental gradient (CCA1) associated with lichen community composition includes regional pollution load and climatic variables; the second gradient (CCA2) is associated with local pollution load and human population density factors. These results increase the knowledge of lichen biodiversity for the Niagara Escarpment and urban and rural fragmented ecosystems as well as along gradients of human population density and air pollution; they suggest a differential influence of regional and local pollution loads and population density factors. This study provides baseline knowledge for further research and conservation initiatives along the Niagara Escarpment World Biosphere Reserve.
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Wu, Yifei, Hui Lin, Weizhao Yin, Sicheng Shao, Sihao Lv, and Yongyou Hu. "Water Quality and Microbial Community Changes in an Urban River after Micro-Nano Bubble Technology in Situ Treatment." Water 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010066.
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Currently, black-odor river has received great attention in China. In this study, the micro-nano bubble technology (MBT) was used to mitigate the water pollution rapidly and continuously by increasing the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water. During treatment, the concentration of DO increased from 0.60 mg/L to over 5.00 mg/L, and the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) also changed from a negative value to over 100.00 mV after only five days aeration. High throughput pyrosequencing technology was employed to identify the microbial community structure. At genus level, the dominant bacteria were anaerobic and nutrient-loving microbes (e.g., Arcobacter sp., Azonexus sp., and Citrobacter sp.) before, and the relative abundances of aerobic and functional microbes (e.g., Perlucidibaca sp., Pseudarcicella sp., Rhodoluna sp., and Sediminibacterium sp.) were increased after treatment. Meanwhile, the water quality was significantly improved with about 50% removal ratios of chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) results showed that microbial community structure shaped by COD, DO, NH4+-N, and TP, CCA1 and CCA2 explained 41.94% and 24.56% of total variances, respectively. Overall, the MBT could improve the water quality of urban black-odor river by raising the DO and activate the aerobic microbes.
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Mittendorf, Elizabeth, Gheath Alatrash, Na Qiao, Pariya Sukhumalchandra, Sijie Lu, Kathryn Quintanilla, Karen Clise-Dwyer, and Jeffrey J. Molldrem. "Cellular Uptake of Soluble Neutrophil Elastase Increases Cyclin E (CCNE) Isoform Expression and Significantly Augments Susceptibility of Breast Cancer Cells to Cytolysis by CCNE-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 2090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.2090.2090.
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Abstract Abstract 2090 We have shown that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) with specificity for the cyclin E (CCNE) derived HLA-A2-restricted peptide CCNE144-152 (ILLDWLMEV) specifically lyse myeloid and lymphoid leukemia in proportion to CCNE overexpression. Full length (FL) CCNE is also overexpressed in most solid tumors, including breast cancer where it is a poor prognostic factor. In addition, leukemia and many breast cancers express tumor-specific low molecular weight (LMW) isoforms of CCNE that result from post-translational processing of the FL protein. Neutrophil elastase (NE), derived from the primary granules of neutrophils, cleaves FL CCNE into LMW forms and NE has been identified in breast cancer tissue. Therefore, we hypothesized that CCNE may also be a breast cancer tumor antigen because the CCNE144-152 peptide is contained within the overexpressed FL and LMW forms, and that effective T cell immunity could be amplified by increased availability of LMW forms within tumor cells exposed to NE. The link between innate immunity, inflammation, and tumor immunity is poorly understood, and this mechanism could explain a role for tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells in breast cancer. To test this, we elicited CCNE-CTL from peripheral blood lymphocytes of HLA-A2+ healthy donors by weekly stimulation with CCNE-pulsed T2 cells and low-dose IL-2. After 21 days, cytotoxicity of target cells by the lymphocytes was tested with a standard 4-hour calcein AM-based assay. The CCNE-CTL specifically lysed T2 cells pulsed with CCNE (30%) but not non-pulsed T2 cells (0%) at an effector:target (E:T) ratio of 20:1 (p < 0.01). Next, we tested whether CCNE-CTL killed HLA-A2+ MDA-MB-231 (231) breast cancer cells. First, we confirmed that FL CCNE and LMW forms were expressed in 231 cells, while low expression of FL CCNE and no expression of the LMW forms was observed in benign epithelial cells by Western blot. Next, we showed that CCNE-CTL mediated 49% lysis of 231 breast cancer cells at an E:T ratio of 20:1. To look for in vivo evidence of CCNE recognition, we studied peripheral blood lymphocytes from breast cancer patients by flow cytometry with CCNE/HLA-A2 tetramers and anti-CD8 antibodies. In 3 of 4 breast cancer patients we identified CCNE-CTL, with no detectable CCNE-CTL in healthy controls. Together, these results confirm that CCNE is also a tumor antigen in breast cancer. NE, which cleaves CCNE and is expressed in breast cancer tissue, may be produced endogenously by breast cancer cells, or exogenously by inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we studied 231 cells and three other breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-453, MCF-7, and HER18) for NE expression. RT-PCR performed with NE-specific primers showed that none of the cells expressed NE mRNA and Western blot showed no NE protein expression, suggesting that NE in tumor tissue derives from neutrophils or other inflammatory cells. To determine whether NE is taken up by breast cancer cells, we used flow cytometry to show that 231 cells pulsed with soluble NE took up an increasing amount of NE and was maximal by 24 hours when intracellular NE expression in 231 cells was comparable to that of HL60 leukemia cells that express high levels of NE. In addition, LMW isoforms of CCNE were increased in NE-pulsed 231 cells, by Western blot. Importantly, CCNE-CTL specific lysis of NE-pulsed 231 cells was 2-fold higher compared to nonpulsed 231 (46% versus 22% at E:T 10:1, p = 0.01). Taken together, these data show that overexpressed CCNE144-152 is a novel breast cancer peptide antigen. Furthermore, exogenous NE is taken up by breast cancer cells, increasing LMW forms of CCNE and enhancing the susceptibility of breast cancer cells to CCNE-CTL-mediated cytolysis. This study links a specific enzyme secreted by neutrophils in the innate immune response to tumors to a specific adaptive immune response against breast cancer, and it suggests that immunotherapy targeting CCNE is warranted. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Patel, Sparsh, Po-Yin Cheung, Tze-Fun Lee, Matteo Pasquin, Megan O’Reilly, and Georg Schmolzer. "USING CHEST COMPRESSIONS WITH ASYNCHRONOUS VENTILATION AT VARIOUS CHEST COMPRESSION RATES (90, 100, 120/MIN) – A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED ANIMAL TRIAL." Paediatrics & Child Health 23, suppl_1 (May 18, 2018): e27-e28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxy054.071.
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Abstract BACKGROUND The current Pediatric Advanced Life Support guidelines recommends that newborns who require cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in settings (e.g., prehospital, Emergency department, or paediatric intensive care unit, etc.) should receive continuous chest compressions with asynchronous ventilations (CCaV) if an advanced airway is in place. However, this has never been examined in a newborn model of neonatal asphyxia. OBJECTIVES To determine if CCaV at rates of 90/min or 120/min compared to current standard of 100/min will reduce the time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in a porcine model of neonatal resuscitation. DESIGN/METHODS Term newborn piglets were anesthetized, intubated, instrumented, and exposed to 40-min normocapnic hypoxia followed by asphyxia, which was achieved by clamping the endotracheal tube until asystole. Piglets were randomized into 3 CCaV groups: chest compression (CC) at a rate of 90/min (CCaV 90,n=7), of 100/min (CCaV 100,n=7), of 120/min (CCaV 120,n=7), or sham-operated group. A two-step randomization process with sequentially numbered, sealed brown envelope was used to reduce selection bias. After surgical instrumentation and stabilization an envelope containing the allocation “sham” or “intervention” was opened (step one). The sham-operated group had the same surgical protocol, stabilization, and equivalent experimental periods without hypoxia and asphyxia. Only piglets randomized to “intervention” underwent hypoxia and asphyxia. Once the criteria for CPR were met, a second envelope containing the group allocations was opened (step two). Cardiac function, carotid blood flow, cerebral oxygenation, and respiratory parameters were continuously recorded throughout the experiment. RESULTS The mean (±SD) duration of asphyxia was similar between the groups with 260 (±133)sec, 336 (±217)sec, and 231 (±174)sec for CCav 90, CCaV 100, and CCaV 120, respectively (p=1.000; oneway ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test). The mean (SD) time to ROSC was also similar between groups 342 (±345)sec, 312 (±316)sec, and 309 (±287)sec for CCav 90, CCaV 100, and CCaV 120, respectively (p=1.000; oneway ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test). Overall, 5/7 in the CCaV 90, 5/7 in CCaV 100, and 5/7 in the CCaV 120 survived. CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in time to ROSC for either chest compression technique during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a porcine model of neonatal asphyxia.
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Williams, Michael J., Mehwish Akram, Deimante Barkauskaite, Sourabh Patil, Eirini Kotsidou, Sania Kheder, Giovanni Vitale, et al. "CCAP regulates feeding behavior via the NPF pathway in Drosophila adults." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 13 (March 16, 2020): 7401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914037117.
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The intake of macronutrients is crucial for the fitness of any animal and is mainly regulated by peripheral signals to the brain. How the brain receives and translates these peripheral signals or how these interactions lead to changes in feeding behavior is not well-understood. We discovered that 2 crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP)-expressing neurons in Drosophila adults regulate feeding behavior and metabolism. Notably, loss of CCAP, or knocking down the CCAP receptor (CCAP-R) in 2 dorsal median neurons, inhibits the release of neuropeptide F (NPF), which regulates feeding behavior. Furthermore, under starvation conditions, flies normally have an increased sensitivity to sugar; however, loss of CCAP, or CCAP-R in 2 dorsal median NPF neurons, inhibited sugar sensitivity in satiated and starved flies. Separate from its regulation of NPF signaling, the CCAP peptide also regulates triglyceride levels. Additionally, genetic and optogenetic studies demonstrate that CCAP signaling is necessary and sufficient to stimulate a reflexive feeding behavior, the proboscis extension reflex (PER), elicited when external food cues are interpreted as palatable. Dopaminergic signaling was also sufficient to induce a PER. On the other hand, although necessary, NPF neurons were not able to induce a PER. These data illustrate that the CCAP peptide is a central regulator of feeding behavior and metabolism in adult flies, and that NPF neurons have an important regulatory role within this system.
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Alehaideb, Zeyad, Saleh AlGhamdi, Wesam Bin Yahya, Hamad Al-Eidi, Mashael Alharbi, Monira Alaujan, Abeer Albaz, et al. "Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Calligonum comosum (L’Her.) Methanolic Extract in Human Triple-Negative MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells." Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine 25 (January 1, 2020): 2515690X2097839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515690x20978391.
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive subtype, does not respond to targeted therapy due to the lack of hormone receptors. There is an urgent need for alternative therapies, including natural product-based anti-cancer drugs, at lower cost. We investigated the impact of a Calligonum comosum L’Hér. methanolic extract (CcME) on the TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell line proliferation and related cell death mechanisms performing cell viability and cytotoxicity assays, flow cytometry to detect apoptosis and cell cycle analysis. The apoptosis-related protein array and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay were also carried out. We showed that the CcME inhibited the TNBC cell viability, in a dose-dependent manner, with low cytotoxic effects. The CcME-treated TNBC cells underwent apoptosis, associated with a concomitant increase of apoptosis-related protein expression, including cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, and the anti-oxidant enzyme catalase, compared with the untreated cells. The CcME also enhanced the mitochondrial transition pore opening activity and induced G0/G1 cell growth arrest, which confirmed the cytochrome c release and the increase of the p21 expression detected in the CcME-treated TNBC cells. The CcME-treated TNBC cells resulted in intracellular ROS production, which, when blocked with a ROS scavenger, did not reduce the CcME-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, CcME exerts anti-proliferative effects against TNBC cells through the induction of apoptosis and cell growth arrest. In vivo studies are justified to verify the CcME anti-proliferative activities and to investigate any potential anti-metastatic activities of CcME against TNBC development and progression.
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Nurhayati, Betty, Ira Gustira Rahayu, Sonny Feisal Rinaldi, Wawan Sofwan Zaini, Ervi Afifah, Seila Arumwardana, Hanna Sari Widya Kusuma, Rizal Rizal, and Wahyu Widowati. "The Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Cosmos caudatus Ethanolic Extract on Cervical Cancer." Indonesian Biomedical Journal 10, no. 3 (December 28, 2018): 243–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v10i3.441.
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BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is closely related to all aspects of cancer. Cosmos caudatus ethanolic extract (CCEE) has been proved to have antioxidant effect that inhibited cancer cell growth due to its bioactive compounds such as catechin, quercetin and chlorogenic acid. This study aimed to evaluate antioxidant and anticancer activity of CCEE and its compounds.METHODS: Total phenol was measured according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Catechin, quercetin and chlorogenic acid contained in CCEE were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)-reducing activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity test. The cytotoxic activity of CCEE was determined by MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay on HeLa cells.RESULTS: The result showed that total phenol of CCEE was 181.64±0.93 µg Cathecin/mg extract. ABTSreducing activity test showed that catechin had the highest activity (2.90±0.04 µg/mL), while CCEE had moderate activity compared to other compounds. FRAP activity test demonstrated that catechin had the highest activity (315.83 µM Fe(II)/µg) compared to other compounds. DPPH scavenging activity of CCEE was 22.82±0.05 µg/mL. Cytotoxicity test on HeLa cell showed that CCEE had lower activity (inhibitory concentration (IC)50= 89.90±1.30 µg/mL) compared to quercetin (IC50 = 13.30±0.64 µg/ mL).CONCLUSION: CCEE has the lowest antioxidant activity compared to quercetin, catechin, and chlorogenic acid and has the lowest anticancer activity compared to quercetin. However, CCEE and its compounds has potential as antioxidant and anticancer properties.KEYWORDS: antioxidant, anticancer, catechin, Cosmos caudatus, quercetin
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Blanco-Alvarez, Victor Manuel, Guadalupe Soto-Rodriguez, Juan Antonio Gonzalez-Barrios, Daniel Martinez-Fong, Eduardo Brambila, Maricela Torres-Soto, Ana Karina Aguilar-Peralta, et al. "Prophylactic Subacute Administration of Zinc Increases CCL2, CCR2, FGF2, and IGF-1 Expression and Prevents the Long-Term Memory Loss in a Rat Model of Cerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia." Neural Plasticity 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/375391.
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Prophylactic subacute administration of zinc decreases lipoperoxidation and cell death following a transient cerebral hypoxia-ischemia, thus suggesting neuroprotective and preconditioning effects. Chemokines and growth factors are also involved in the neuroprotective effect in hypoxia-ischemia. We explored whether zinc prevents the cerebral cortex-hippocampus injury through regulation of CCL2, CCR2, FGF2, and IGF-1 expression following a 10 min of common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO). Male rats were grouped as follows: (1) Zn96h, rats injected with ZnCl2(one dose every 24 h during four days); (2) Zn96h + CCAO, rats treated with ZnCl2before CCAO; (3) CCAO, rats with CCAO only; (4) Sham group, rats with mock CCAO; and (5) untreated rats. The cerebral cortex-hippocampus was dissected at different times before and after CCAO. CCL2/CCR2, FGF2, and IGF-1 expression was assessed by RT-PCR and ELISA. Learning in Morris Water Maze was achieved by daily training during 5 days. Long-term memory was evaluated on day 7 after learning. Subacute administration of zinc increased expression of CCL2, CCR2, FGF2, and IGF-1 in the early and late phases of postreperfusion and prevented the CCAO-induced memory loss in the rat. These results might be explained by the induction of neural plasticity because of the expression of CCL2 and growth factors.
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Ye, Ying, Yanan Song, Juhua Zhuang, Saifei He, Jing Ni, and Wei Xia. "Long Noncoding RNA CCAL Promotes Papillary Thyroid Cancer Progression by Activation of NOTCH1 Pathway." Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics 26, no. 9 (October 17, 2018): 1383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096504018x15188340975709.
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Long noncoding RNA CCAL has been reported to promote tumor progression in various human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and colorectal cancer. However, the role of CCAL in papillary thyroid cancer remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found that the expression of CCAL was upregulated in papillary thyroid tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, the expression of CCAL was positively related with papillary thyroid cancer severity and TNM stage and predicated poor prognosis. Besides, we found that knockdown of CCAL significantly inhibited papillary thyroid cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and reduced tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. We found that knockdown of CCAL dramatically decreased the expression of NOTCH1 and suppressed the activation of the NOTCH1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, overexpression of NOTCH1 rescued the proliferation, migration, and invasion in papillary thyroid cancer cells. Taken together, our data indicated that CCAL promoted papillary thyroid cancer development and progression by activation of the NOTCH1 pathway, which provided a new insight on the design of therapeutic targets.
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Enggist, Elisabeth, and Linda Thöny-Meyer. "The C-Terminal Flexible Domain of the Heme Chaperone CcmE Is Important but Not Essential for Its Function." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 13 (July 1, 2003): 3821–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.13.3821-3827.2003.
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ABSTRACT CcmE is a heme chaperone active in the cytochrome c maturation pathway of Escherichia coli. It first binds heme covalently to strictly conserved histidine H130 and subsequently delivers it to apo-cytochrome c. The recently solved structure of soluble CcmE revealed a compact core consisting of a β-barrel and a flexible C-terminal domain with a short α-helical turn. In order to elucidate the function of this poorly conserved domain, CcmE was truncated stepwise from the C terminus. Removal of all 29 amino acids up to crucial histidine 130 did not abolish heme binding completely. For detectable transfer of heme to type c cytochromes, only one additional residue, D131, was required, and for efficient cytochrome c maturation, the seven-residue sequence 131DENYTPP137 was required. When soluble forms of CcmE were expressed in the periplasm, the C-terminal domain had to be slightly longer to allow detection of holo-CcmE. Soluble full-length CcmE had low activity in cytochrome c maturation, indicating the importance of the N-terminal membrane anchor for the in vivo function of CcmE.
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Morotti, Raffaella A., Maria C. Gutierrez, Fred Askin, Sherri A. Profitt, Susan E. Wert, Jeffrey A. Whitsett, and M. Alba Greco. "Expression of Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 in Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of the Lung." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 3, no. 5 (September 2000): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100240010092.
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Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) is an abnormality of branching morphogenesis of the lung. CCAM types 1, 2, and 3 exhibit a cellular composition that is different from that of CCAM type 4 when evaluated with bronchiolar and alveolar cell markers. Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) regulates early lung development. To evaluate the potential role of TTF-1 in the development of CCAM, TTF-1 expression in CCAM was compared to that of fetal lungs at varying gestational ages. Twenty-three CCAM cases (17 type 1, two type 2, two type 3, and two type 4) and 11 fetal lungs (3 pseudoglandular, 4 canalicular, and 4 terminal sac stages) were analyzed using a rabbit polyclonal antiserum to rat TTF-1. Nuclear staining for TTF-1 was observed in ciliated and nonciliated cells of the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia and in cells lining the distal air spaces by 12 weeks gestational age. By mid-gestation, proximal bronchial cells were TTF-1 negative, except for the basal cells, while TTF-1 staining was maintained in distal bronchiolar and alveolar cells. TTF-1 expression decreased in both bronchial, bronchiolar, and alveolar epithelia with advancing gestational age and cytodifferentiation. At term, TTF-1 expression persisted in a few bronchial and bronchiolar basal cells and in all alveolar type II cells, whereas type I cells were negative. In CCAM, TTF-1 was detected in the nuclei of epithelial cells lining the cysts. TTF-1 was expressed in a majority of the bronchiolar-like epithelial cells of the cysts in CCAM types 1, 2, and 3, where almost 100% of the cells were TTF-1 positive. In contrast, TTF-1 expression in the alveolar-like epithelium of CCAM type 4 cysts was restricted to type II cells and only 30%–60% of the lining cells were TTF-1 positive. These results support the hypothesis that CCAM types 1, 2, and 3 reflect abnormalities in lung morphogenesis and differentiation that are distinct from those for CCAM type 4. The role played by TTF-1 in the development of CCAM, if any, is not clear.
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Tran, Hoang-Anh, Jessica B. O'Connell, Urie K. Lee, John C. Polanco, Tina I. Chang, and Arthur H. Friedlander. "Relationship between symptomatic lower limb peripheral artery disease and calcified carotid artery plaque detected on panoramic images of neurologically asymptomatic males." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 48, no. 5 (July 2019): 20180432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20180432.
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Objective: Males with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are at high risk of ischaemic stroke given that atherogenic risk factors for both diseases are similar. We hypothesized that neurologically asymptomatic males diagnosed with PAD would demonstrate calcified carotid artery plaques (CCAP) on panoramic images (PI) significantly more often than similarly aged males not having PAD. Methods: Investigators implemented a retrospective cross-sectional study. Subjects were male patients over age 50 diagnosed with PAD by ankle-brachial systolic pressure index results of [Formula: see text]0.9. Controls negative for PAD had an ankle-brachial systolic pressure index > 0.9. Predictor variable was a diagnosis of PAD and outcome variable was presence of CCAP. Prevalence of CCAP amongst the PAD+ patients was compared to prevalence of CCAP among PAD- patients. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed and p-value was set at 0.05. Results: Final sample size consisted of 234 males (mean age 72.68 ± 9.09); 116 subjects and 118 controls. Among the PAD+ cohort, CCAP+ prevalence rate (57.76%) was significantly (p = 0.001) greater than the CCAP+ rate (36.44%) of the PAD- (control). There was no significant difference in atherogenic “risk factors” in the PAD+ cohort between CCAP+ and CCAP– subjects. Conclusion: We demonstrated that CCAP, a “risk factor” for future stroke and “risk indicator” of future myocardial infarction is seen significantly more often detected on the PIs of older male patients with PAD than among those without. Dentists treating patients with PAD must be uniquely vigilant for the presence of CCAPs on their patients’ PI.
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Frei, E., C. Visco, Z. Y. Xu-Monette, S. Dirnhofer, K. Dybkær, A. Orazi, G. Bhagat, et al. "Addition of rituximab to chemotherapy overcomes the negative prognostic impact of cyclin E expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma." Journal of Clinical Pathology 66, no. 11 (June 17, 2013): 956–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201619.
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BackgroundHigh levels of cyclin E (CCNE) are accompanied by shorter survival in cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin and prednisone (CHOP)-treated diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), independent of the international prognostic index (IPI). Data on the prognostic role of CCNE in the ‘rituximab (R)-era’ are lacking.MethodsTo test reproducibility and applicability of observations from the ‘pre-R era’ to the ‘R era’, we examined the prognostic role of CCNE expression by immunohistochemistry in 1579 DLBCL on tissue microarrays (TMA); 339 patients were treated by CHOP and 635 by R-CHOP.Results1209 samples (77%) were evaluable; failures were due to missing TMA punches and fixation artefacts. Mean expression of CCNE was 13% (0–85%); applying a cut-off of >16%, 382 DLBCL (31%) were positive. CCNE did not correlate with any of the known variables (IPI, primary site, cell of origin, proliferation, and BCL2- or C-MYC rearrangements). We were able to reproduce data suggesting an IPI- and response to therapy independent, negative prognostic impact of CCNE in CHOP-treated DLBCL patients: CCNE-positive cases had a median survival of 16 months compared with 57 months in negative ones (p=0.012). In R-CHOP-treated patients the prognostic impact of CCNE was abrogated and only IPI, cell of origin and response to therapy had a prognostic significance.ConclusionsAddition of R to CHOP overcomes the negative prognostic impact of CCNE in DLBCL. Thus, R not only prolongs survival in DLBCL but also serves a cautionary note that prognostic factors should not be transferred into the ‘R era’ without proper scientific studies.
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Klare, Kerstin, John R. Weir, Federica Basilico, Tomasz Zimniak, Lucia Massimiliano, Nina Ludwigs, Franz Herzog, and Andrea Musacchio. "CENP-C is a blueprint for constitutive centromere–associated network assembly within human kinetochores." Journal of Cell Biology 210, no. 1 (June 29, 2015): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201412028.
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Kinetochores are multisubunit complexes that assemble on centromeres to bind spindle microtubules and promote faithful chromosome segregation during cell division. A 16-subunit complex named the constitutive centromere–associated network (CCAN) creates the centromere–kinetochore interface. CENP-C, a CCAN subunit, is crucial for kinetochore assembly because it links centromeres with the microtubule-binding interface of kinetochores. The role of CENP-C in CCAN organization, on the other hand, had been incompletely understood. In this paper, we combined biochemical reconstitution and cellular investigations to unveil how CENP-C promotes kinetochore targeting of other CCAN subunits. The so-called PEST domain in the N-terminal half of CENP-C interacted directly with the four-subunit CCAN subcomplex CENP-HIKM. We identified crucial determinants of this interaction whose mutation prevented kinetochore localization of CENP-HIKM and of CENP-TW, another CCAN subcomplex. When considered together with previous observations, our data point to CENP-C as a blueprint for kinetochore assembly.
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Patel, Toral C., Jodie V. Malhotra, and Joseph J. Saseen. "Advancing Pharm. D. Training in Egypt through a Structured Preceptor Development Program." Pharmacy 8, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030135.
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The Children’s Cancer Hospital of Egypt (CCHE) and the University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (SSPPS) collaborate to offer a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree to international pharmacists holding a bachelor’s degree in pharmacy. The experiential training is provided by CCHE’s clinical pharmacist preceptors at CCHE. Clinical pharmacists at CCHE had prior experience precepting baccalaureate pharmacy students, but not Pharm.D. students when this program commenced. Therefore, the SSPPS faculty provided a live preceptor development program for select CCHE clinical pharmacists in 2017. Primary deliverables of the program included the preparation of individual preceptor development plans and experiential syllabi for program participants. Preceptor development plans and experiential syllabi were evaluated by the SSPPS faculty. Program participants were also evaluated on their assessment of learner case scenarios using introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) and advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) assessment tools created for the CCHE program. Participant performance on submitted preceptor development plans and experiential syllabi, and performance on the learner cases were all utilized for participant selection as Pharm.D. preceptors in the CCHE Pharm.D. program. This paper describes this preceptor development program, the process utilized to determine selection of Pharm.D. preceptors, and plans for providing continuing preceptor development for preceptors at CCHE.
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Rhode, Michael, Tim Richter, Dirk Schroepfer, Anna Maria Manzoni, Mike Schneider, and Guillaume Laplanche. "Welding of high-entropy alloys and compositionally complex alloys—an overview." Welding in the World 65, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 1645–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40194-021-01110-6.
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AbstractHigh-entropy alloys (HEAs) and compositionally complex alloys (CCAs) represent new classes of materials containing five or more alloying elements (concentration of each element ranging from 5 to 35 at. %). In the present study, HEAs are defined as single-phase solid solutions; CCAs contain at least two phases. The alloy concept of HEAs/CCAs is fundamentally different from most conventional alloys and promises interesting properties for industrial applications (e.g., to overcome the strength-ductility trade-off). To date, little attention has been paid to the weldability of HEAs/CCAs encompassing effects on the welding metallurgy. It remains open whether welding of HEAs/CCAs may lead to the formation of brittle intermetallics and promote elemental segregation at crystalline defects. The effect on the weld joint properties (strength, corrosion resistance) must be investigated. The weld metal and heat-affected zone in conventional alloys are characterized by non-equilibrium microstructural evolutions that most probably occur in HEAs/CCAs. The corresponding weldability has not yet been studied in detail in the literature, and the existing information is not documented in a comprehensive way. Therefore, this study summarizes the most important results on the welding of HEAs/CCAs and their weld joint properties, classified by HEA/CCA type (focused on CoCrFeMnNi and AlxCoCrCuyFeNi system) and welding process.
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Pabst, D. A., S. A. Rommel, W. A. McLellan, T. M. Williams, and T. K. Rowles. "Thermoregulation of the intra-abdominal testes of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) during exercise." Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.1.221.
Full textAbstract:
Dolphins possess a vascular countercurrent heat exchanger (CCHE) that functions to cool their intra-abdominal testes. Spermatic arteries in the posterior abdomen are juxtaposed to veins returning cooled blood from the surfaces of the dorsal fin and tail flukes. In this study, we investigated the effect of exercise on CCHE function in the bottlenose dolphin. The CCHE flanks a region of the bowel in the posterior abdomen and influences colonic temperatures. A rectal probe housing a linear array of seven copper-constantan thermocouples was designed to measure colonic temperatures simultaneously at positions anterior to, within and posterior to the region of the colon flanked by the CCHE. Immediately after vigorous swimming, temperatures at the CCHE decreased relative to resting and pre-swim values: post-swim temperatures at the CCHE were maximally 0.5 degrees C cooler than pre-swim temperatures. These data suggest that the CCHE has an increased ability to cool the arterial blood supply to the testes when the dolphin is swimming. This ability could offset the increased thermal load on the testes is an exercising dolphin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of deep body cooling in an exercising mammal that is not undertaking a dive.
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Gustafsson, N., J. Ahlqvist, U. Näslund, K. Buhlin, A. Gustafsson, B. Kjellström, B. Klinge, L. Rydén, and E. Levring Jäghagen. "Associations among Periodontitis, Calcified Carotid Artery Atheromas, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction." Journal of Dental Research 99, no. 1 (November 8, 2019): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034519885362.
Full textAbstract:
Cardiovascular disease is a common cause of morbidity and premature mortality. Cardiovascular disease can be prevented when risk factors are identified early. Calcified carotid artery atheromas (CCAAs), detected in panoramic radiographs, and periodontitis have both been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This case-control study aimed to 1) investigate associations between periodontitis and CCAA detected in panoramic radiographs and 2) determine the risk of future myocardial infarctions due to CCAA combined with periodontitis. We evaluated 1,482 participants (738 cases and 744 controls) with periodontitis and CCAAs recruited from the PAROKRANK study (Periodontitis and Its Relation to Coronary Artery Disease). Participants were examined with panoramic radiographs, including the carotid regions. Associations between myocardial infarction and periodontitis combined with CCAA were evaluated in 696 cases and 696 age-, sex-, and residential area–matched controls. Periodontitis was evaluated radiographically (as degree of bone loss) and with a clinical periodontal disease index score (from clinical and radiographic assessments). We found associations between CCAA and clinical periodontal disease index score among cases (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.10; P = 0.02) and controls (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.38; P < 0.01), although not between CCAA and the degree of bone loss. In a multivariable model, myocardial infarction was associated with CCAA combined with periodontitis, as assessed by degree of bone loss (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.74; P = 0.01). When the cohort was stratified by sex, only men showed a significant association between myocardial infarction and CCAA combined with periodontitis. Participants with clinically diagnosed periodontitis exhibited CCAA in panoramic radiographs more often than those without periodontitis, irrespective of the presence of a recent myocardial infarction. Participants with combined periodontitis and CCAA had a higher risk of having had myocardial infarction as compared with participants with either condition alone. These findings implied that patients in dental care might benefit from dentists assessing panoramic radiographs for CCAA—particularly, patients with periodontitis who have not received any preventive measures for cardiovascular disease.
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Souto Queiroz de Lima, Kamilla Rebeca. "Comportamento de busca e uso da informação de universitários indígenas do Campus IV – UFPB." Biblionline 16, no. 3/4 (February 16, 2021): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.1809-4775.2020v16n3/4.57716.
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Nos últimos anos, as políticas públicas de educação no ensino superior têm contribuído para inclusão de indígenas nas universidades. Entretanto, os universitários indígenas como usuários de informação enfrentam dificuldades ao longo da graduação que podem interferir no desenvolvimento acadêmico dos mesmos. O acesso e uso da informação são primordiais para inclusão intelectual e social das classes menos favorecidas, onde a intervenção da Ciência da Informação busca mediar junto aos universitários indígenas na superação de suas lacunas informacionais. Buscando entender como se configura o comportamento de busca da informação dos universitários indígenas, a pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar o comportamento de busca e uso da informação dos universitários indígenas do Campus IV da UFPB à luz do Modelo de Ellis, Cox e Hall (1993) ampliado com as contribuições de Crespo (2005), e Tabosa e Pinto (2015). Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho exploratório e descritivo e abordagem quanti-qualitativa. O estudo contempla duas fases: a pesquisa bibliográfica, para compor o referencial teórico e uma pesquisa de campo, com a aplicação de um questionário composto por questões abertas e fechadas. Os sujeitos da pesquisa são os universitários indígenas do CCAE- Campus IV da UFPB, com vínculos ativos com a instituição e matriculados no semestre 2018.1. A análise de dados da pesquisa realizou-se com base na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, com apresentação de resultados através de inferências estatísticas e representação em gráficos e tabelas. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam o seguinte perfil dos UI: a maioria tem idade entre 21 a 30 anos, do sexo feminino e de baixa renda familiar (até dois salários mínimos), são aldeados, fazem curso da área de educação, não cursaram escola diferenciada no ensino regular e adentraram na universidade por meio de cotas raciais. Verifica-se no comportamento informacional dos universitários indígenas, o uso intenso dos livros e da internet como canais e fontes de informação. Quanto ao comportamento de busca, os UI preferem iniciar a busca em livros e pela internet. A atividade de encadear é feita pela maioria dos usuários pesquisados, porém as atividades de navegar, monitorar e verificar não são praticadas amplamente. A ação de diferenciar é realizada mais pela indicação de professores e colegas, relevância no assunto e credibilidade dos autores. A finalização da busca ocorre pela satisfação obtida e a personalização ao adicionar página aos favoritos e assinalam itens de interesse. A extração se dá principalmente em sites e livros. O compartilhamento ocorre em maior parte no repasse de informações a amigos e parentes e na postagem em redes sociais. Conclui-se que, os UI do campus IV da UFPB utilizam amplamente a Internet e o seu comportamento de busca e uso de informação está em conformidade com uma tendência atual do uso intensivo das fontes de informação eletrônicas.
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So, Anthony K. C., Swan S. W. Cot, and George S. Espie. "Characterization of the C-terminal extension of carboxysomal carbonic anhydrase from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803." Functional Plant Biology 29, no. 3 (2002): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp01179.
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Sequence analysis of the carboxysomal carbonic anhydrase (CcaA) from Synechocystis PCC6803, Synechococcus PCC7942 and Nostoc ATCC29133, indicated high sequence identity to the β class of plant and bacterial carbonic anhydrases (CA), and conservation of the active site region. However, the cyanobacterial enzyme has a C-terminal extension of about 75 amino acids (aa) not found in the plant enzymes, and largely absent from other bacterial enzymes. Using recombinant DNA technology, genes encoding C-terminal truncation products of up to 127 aa were overexpressed in E. coli, and partially purified lysates were analysed for CA-mediated exchange of 18O between 13C18O2and H216O. Recombinant CcaA proteins with up to 60 aa removed (CcaAΔ60) were catalytically competent, but beyond this there was an abrupt loss of activity. CcaAΔ0, along with CcaAΔ40 and CcaAΔ60, also catalysed the hydrolysis of carbon oxysulfide (COS; an isoelectronic structural analogue of CO2), but CcaAΔ63 and CcaAΔ127 did not, indicating that truncations greater than 62 aa resulted in a general loss of catalytic competency. Analysis of protein-protein interaction using the yeast two-hybrid system revealed that CcaA did not interact with the large or small Rubisco subunits (RbcL and RbcS, respectively) of Synechocystis, but there was strong CcaA-CcaA interaction. This protein interaction also ceased with C-terminal truncations in CcaA greater than 60 aa. The correlation between loss of CcaA-CcaA interaction and CcaA catalytic activity suggests that the proximal portion of the C-terminal extension is required for oligomerization, and that this oligomerization is essential for catalysis by the cyanobacterial enzyme. Thus, the C-terminal extension may play an important role in the function of CA within cyanobacterial carboxysomes, which is not required by the higher plant enzymes.
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Elliott, George C. "Imbibition of Water by Rockwool-Peat Container Media Amended with Hydrophilic Gel or Wetting Agent." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 5 (September 1992): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.5.757.
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Water retention at effective water-holding capacity (EWHC) and container capacity (CCAP) were measured in four rockwool-peat potting media amended with a wetting agent and/or a hydrophilic gel in pots 12 cm tall containing 445 cm3 medium, and irrigated by capillary mat, flood-and-drain, trickle emitter, or overhead sprinkler. Water retention was measured by weighing. Irrigation was continued until EWHC (i.e., net water retention when no weight increase could be obtained by further irrigation) was reached. CCAP (i.e., net water retention following saturation and free drainage) was measured at the end of each experiment. Irrigation method and medium amendments significantly affected EWHC. Rank order of irrigation treatments was sprinkler ≥ trickle > flood and drain ≥ mat. Hydrophilic gel increased both EWHC and CCAP, while the wetting agent increased EWHC but decreased or had no effect on CCAP. Significant interactions of gel and wetting agent were observed in some media. EWHC was less than CCAP, and EWHC was better correlated with CCAP with trickle emitter and overhead sprinkler irrigation than with capillary mat and flood-and-drain irrigation.
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Simon, Eléanor, Sergio Fernández de la Puebla, and Isabel Guerrero. "Drosophila Zic family member odd-paired is needed for adult post-ecdysis maturation." Open Biology 9, no. 12 (December 2019): 190245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.190245.
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Specific neuropeptides regulate in arthropods the shedding of the old cuticle (ecdysis) followed by maturation of the new cuticle. In Drosophila melanogaster , the last ecdysis occurs at eclosion from the pupal case, with a post-eclosion behavioural sequence that leads to wing extension, cuticle stretching and tanning. These events are highly stereotyped and are controlled by a subset of crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) neurons through the expression of the neuropeptide Bursicon (Burs). We have studied the role of the transcription factor Odd-paired (Opa) during the post-eclosion period. We report that opa is expressed in the CCAP neurons of the central nervous system during various steps of the ecdysis process and in peripheral CCAP neurons innerving the larval muscles involved in adult ecdysis. We show that its downregulation alters Burs expression in the CCAP neurons. Ectopic expression of Opa, or the vertebrate homologue Zic2 , in the CCAP neurons also affects Burs expression, indicating an evolutionary functional conservation. Finally, our results show that, independently of its role in Burs regulation, Opa prevents death of CCAP neurons during larval development.