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1
Kissling, Maxine, and n/a. "An evaluation of a programme in which parents assist their chilren to acquire literacy." University of Canberra. Education, 1987. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060814.144057.
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In 1983 a programme was initiated by the School of Education, Canberra College of Advanced Education (CCAE) and the Australian Schools Commission
to enable parents to assist their own children in literacy. The children had
previously been identified as experiencing difficulties in acquiring the
skills of literacy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of
the parents' intervention on the children's achievements in literacy, and to
assess the quality of the programme by examining particular subskills taught
in the course. The methods of assessment were also evaluated for their
appropriateness for the circumstances.
The thirty nine children in the study were the sample of fifty two children
for whom there was complete information. Parents of these children began
the programme in July 1985 or in March 1986. They attended a course of ten
sessions over thirteen weeks in a semester. The following semester they
were allocated to a teacher who was a post graduate or fourth year degree
student in education, and given individual assistance from six to ten
sessions, and longer if necessary.
Aspects of oral reading, comprehension, writing and spelling were tested at
the beginning of the programme and again in November 1986, and the results
compared. Observational records were also kept and changes evaluated. In
addition, oral reading was measured at the end of the parents' course, and
before individual assistance commenced. Case studies were built up for
every child, and the findings grouped to observe the effect of the
intervention on the population.
The results showed that the programme achieved its aim of giving parents the
skills to assist; their own children in the acquisition of literacy. The
content of the course and the subskills taught were also justified by the
outcomes. Furthermore, the method of evaluation revealed specific and
succinct information on which to base the intervention and to monitor
progress.
The research took place over 18 months, during which time teaching and
progress were continual. A longitudinal study over several years would
confirm the results of the research.
2
Clayton, Peter, and n/a. "User involvement in academic library strategic planning: congruence amongst students, academic staff and libary staff at the Canberra College of Advanced Education." University of Canberra. Library and Information Studies, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050627.142122.
Full textAbstract:
The present study attempted to answer two questions: do academic library users have a distinctive and useful input
to make to library strategic planning? If they do, what mechanisms will permit them to participate effectively in this
planning process?
To address these questions research was carried out in two stages at a single institutional site, the Canberra College
of Advanced Education. The first of these utilised a structured group discussion process, Nominal Group Technique
(NGT). This was used both as an indicator of user planning priorities and as a pilot research technique contributing to
the design of a subsequent survey. This survey obtained a response rate of over 90 percent from a sample of 379.
The study attempted to establish that academic staff and students do have a worthwhile input to make to planning by
testing for congruence between the rankings of library planning priorities of these user groups and the rankings of
planning priorities of Library staff. No strong positive correlations were established between the priorities of student
groups and Library staff, although in the survey the priorities of academic staff and Library staff were found to be
related. These results suggest users do have a worthwhile input to make to library strategic planning. Other tests for
congruence were also applied between and within respondent groups, because if a group was found to have different
priorities there would be a prima facie case for consulting members of that group as part of the planning process.
Both mechanisms used in the present study were considered successful. User surveys have been employed for
planning in previous studies with a future-oriented component. However, it appears that this may have been the first
formally reported application of NGT to library management. Experience in the present study suggests it is a highly
suitable technique for situations such as strategic planning, where generation of ideas or comment on priorities is
required.
However, an attempt to establish congruence between the results obtained using NGT and those obtained from the
survey yielded inconclusive results. It is believed that major changes in the institutional environment were principally
responsible for this, although a methodological limitation may also have contributed.
The study concludes with suggestions for further research.
3
Cobarruvias, Vicuña Andrés. "CCAB Centro Comunal Administrativo Bicentenario." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100279.
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El edificio de la municipalidad de Mostazal y su entorno directo, buscaran ser un espacio de interacción, donde la continuidad y fluidez entre las distintas partes, serán el elemento rector de la propuesta, unificando así el programa de Centro Cívico, que como veremos más adelante, se presenta como una realidad absolutamente diferente hoy en el emplazamiento en que existe.
Como remate de esta idea, y siguiendo con el principio rector, el edificio se configurara como un edificio pantalla, traslucido y de arquitectura pura y limpia, donde los espacios y oficinas permitan un entorno óptimo de trabajo y recepción, y donde las fachadas muestren a la ciudad, el ejercicio del servicio público, a través de “pantallas” urbanas.
El actual edificio Consistorial de Mostazal, es una construcción que responde a las necesidades que tenía la comuna es sus inicios. El actual Edificio Consistorial data del año 1960 aproximadamente, y por lo tanto responde a ese momento o situación histórica. Con el tiempo, este edificio ha ido mutando y adaptándose a nuevas funciones, nuevos organigramas, nuevas estructuras, y mayor cantidad de funcionarios, pero siempre manteniendo los mismos metros cuadrados iniciales.
Esto dio pie, a que algunos departamentos o instituciones municipales, tuvieran que salir de edificio e instalarse en locaciones aledañas, lo que impedimenta un óptimo funcionamiento del ejercicio público y la aplicación de la ley, el orden y el progreso municipal, desde sus gobernantes. Además está la variable de la interacción que se da entre la comunidad y los gobernantes. En el ejercicio de la política esta relación es fundamental, pues desde las autoridades, la comunidad se siente y ve representada y por lo mismo es un trabajo mancomunado entre ambas partes, en el que se logra un desarrollo adecuado y un buen servicio público a la comunidad.
Por lo tanto un edificio Consistorial tiene que ser capaz de potenciar esa relación de manera óptima, limpia, fluida y trasparente, para que el ejercicio del poder, refleje las necesidades de la comunidad, y el ejercicio público se desarrolle en los intereses de esta y no en los intereses particulares de las autoridades. Por lo tanto, la comunidad que elige a sus autoridades, también tiene que ser “juez y parte”, ya que se tiene que involucrar y cooperar con iniciativas que busquen el bien común de la comuna, pero al mismo tiempo velar por que el ejercicio de poder administrativo comunal, sea realizado integramente por las autoridades.
Para esto, este nuevo edificio Consistorial, y espacios públicos aledaños, tales como la Terraza Municipal, la Plaza de Armas y el Escenario Público, tendrán que ser un solo gran recinto continuo, que contenga un programa municipal compuesto por sus diferentes partes.
El concepto fundamental de mi propuesta será el de la trasparencia, puesto que con mi diseño, buscaré mostrar las funciones municipales, con espacios limpios, traslucidos, claros y de fácil lectura, que potencie la relación comunidad – autoridades – servicios municipales y comunitarios.
4
Tai, Chih-Che. "CCOE Brown Bag Seminar STEM Grants." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3287.
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Shevket, Shevket Halil. "NMR studies on holo-CcmE and in vivo mutagenesis studies on the interaction between CcmC and CcmE." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e2371780-40b8-4e90-85d8-30448c98ef50.
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At least five different systems are responsible for the maturation of c-type cytochromes. System I, present in the mitochondria of photosynthetic organisms and most Gram-negative bacteria, is the most complex cytochrome c biogenesis system discovered. In the model organism Escherichia coli, more than 10 gene products work together to attach heme to the highly conserved CXXCH motif of the apo-cytochrome polypeptide. This system consists of proteins that chaperone the heme and the apo-cytochrome, and they ensure the correct assembly of the holo-cytochrome. In this thesis, CcmC and CcmE, two key players in the heme delivery part of System I prior to covalent attachment, have been investigated. Particular emphasis has been given to CcmE, an unusual heme chaperone that binds its heme via a covalent yet transient bond using its H130 residue. Bioinformatics techniques have been used to identify potential key residues on CcmC and CcmE, especially residues with high conservation and/or covariance between the two proteins. Site-directed mutagenesis studies and in vivo experiments were used to demonstrate that three pairs of conserved polar amino acids sharing a common orientation on CcmC and CcmE are crucial for the assembly of the CcmC:heme:CcmE complex, an essential intermediate for holo-CcmE formation. Single and multiple variants of these polar amino acid pairs demonstrated that these residues drive the interaction between CcmC and CcmE. Covariance analysis identified two highly co-varying residues on CcmC and CcmE. It was demonstrated that these residues play an important role in fine-tuning the positioning of CcmE in its complex with heme-bound CcmC, and their relative size is crucial for their role. Any perturbations decreasing the size of these residues led to incomplete processing of holo-CcmE, and abolishment of cytochrome c maturation. Holo-CcmE was reconstituted in vitro, and this protein was studied using 2D 1H- 15N HSQC. These studies provided residue-specific-level details on how the heme moiety interacts with the polypeptide in the covalently formed holo-CcmE. Contradictory to previous predictions, it was demonstrated that the heme moiety is not in close proximity to the core β-barrel fold of the protein. Rather, it was shown that heme interacts directly with the C-terminus. 2D 1H- 1H TOCSY studies were used to show that no tyrosine or phenylalanine ligands exist to the heme in holo-CcmE formed in vitro, suggesting that the protein most likely does not pack around the heme. These findings are consistent with the chaperone role of the protein, as the interaction of heme with the C-terminus enables its swift sequential transfer to the apo-cytochrome through CcmF. Heme titrations probed via 2D 1H- 15N HSQC were carried out on the H130A variant of CcmE, which cannot bind heme covalently. These studies provided clear insight into the non-covalent interactions between CcmE and heme, and the putative heme pocket of the CcmE protein. It was demonstrated that no heme pocket exists on apo-CcmE, and any non-covalent interactions between CcmE and heme are located around the C-terminus, specifically around R148 and R149. 1H- 1H 2D TOCSY identified Y154 as a potential ligand of the non-covalently bound heme. It was demonstrated that the highly conserved Y134 residue acts during initial non-covalent interactions with heme, and then may ligand switch to the Y154 residue.
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Touir, Maatallah. "Conception des canaux assistée par ordinateur CCAO." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28418.
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Hansen, Louise Lipczak. "Clock transcription factor CCA1 is regulated through sumoylation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23639.
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The circadian clock is an endogenous timekeeper that synchronises biological processes with daily external rhythms such as light and temperature cycles. It provides organisms with a competitive advantage by allowing anticipation of daily events. The circadian clock encompasses a network of transcription-translational feedback loops (TTFLs) that orchestrates rhythmic expression of a large part of the genome. This network is regulated at post-transcriptional and post-translational level. Post-translational regulation of clock proteins is essential to ensure stable rhythms and robust timekeeping. Unlike the genes in the TTFL network, modifiers of clock proteins at post-translational level are conserved across taxa. SUMO, a small ubiquitin-related post-translational modifier, regulates timekeeping in mammals through modification of the clock transcription factor BMAL. In this study, SUMO is shown to contribute to oscillator function in Arabidopsis plants. Methods have been developed to prove that mutant lines defective in SUMO machinery, including SUMO-ligase and -protease mutants, display long circadian rhythms. Additionally, sumoylation on the crucial plant clock transcription factor CCA1 is observed in vivo. A fraction of the protein is sumoylated across the expression window of CCA1, with the phase of peak sumoylation in advance of peak total CCA1. The effect of sumoylation of CCA1 was investigated with respect to localisation, stability and DNA binding affinity of the protein, as these are previously described possible effects of sumoylation. The subcellular location of CCA1-YFP fusions in protoplasts was not altered in mutant lines of the SUMO machinery. In vitro experiments show that sumoylation negatively affects the affinity of CCA1 to its cognate promotor element, suggesting that SUMO could act as a reversible attenuator of CCA1 activity. Furthermore, effects of SUMO machinery mutations appear to be differential across a range of physiologically relevant temperatures, implying that sumoylation could be involved in the response to or buffering against fluctuating ambient temperatures. There is an increasing amount of evidence to suggest that metabolic oscillations are not only driven by transcriptional outputs of the clock, but are to some extent self-sustained and can feed timing information back into the clock. Glutathione was investigated as a possible metabolic feedback signal. Expression of clock gene CCA1 was found to be abolished in a mutant of the rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis (pad2-1). Surprisingly however, the amount of glutathione was not found to oscillate. Combined, the results discussed in this thesis provide a substantial advance on our understanding of post-translational regulation and the integration of metabolic and environmental information into the plant circadian clock.
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Medina, Porcile Catalina. "CCAT-prime telescope holography simulations and surface error analysis." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2019. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170183.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención EléctricaMemoria para optar al título de Ingeniera Civil Eléctrica
El radio-telescopio CCAT-prime (CCAT-p) será construido en el Cerro Chajnantor a 5.600 m.s.n.m en la Región de Antofagasta, Chile. Este telescopio tendrá una configuración CrossedDragone con dos reflectores de 6 m. Esta configuración le otorga un amplio campo de visión con el que podrá iluminar más de 105 detectores. El rango de operación del CCAT-p comprende longitudes de onda desde los 350 µm hasta los 3.100 µm, y en las mejores condiciones climáticas podrá llegar hasta la ventana de 200 µm. Para operar a estas longitudes de onda se necesita que la superficie de los reflectores tenga una alta precisión, por lo que se ha impuesto una meta para el error medio de frente de ondas entre 7 y 10 µm RMS. Los reflectores del telescopio serán construidos mediante un set de paneles que en conjunto conformarán el perfil deseado. Para lograr la precisión requerida, se necesitará implementar un método de medición de errores en la superficie de los reflectores. Se ha escogido con este fin la técnica de holografía de ondas milimétricas. La implementación de técnicas de holografía para el CCAT-p presenta desafíos, debido principalmente a su ubicación, a su configuración óptica y al alto nivel de precisión deseado. Se utilizará una fuente artificial a 300 m del telescopio, lo cual corresponde a su campo cercano , por lo que se necesita estudiar el comportamiento del patrón de radiación a esta distancia. En este trabajo se hacen simulaciones tanto en campo cercano como en campo lejano, bajo distintos escenarios, para así generar datos del comportamiento del telescopio ante estas circunstancias. Por otro lado, ya que el telescopio consta de dos grandes reflectores, el error medido por el sistema de holografía corresponderá a las contribuciones de los errores en la superficie de cada reflector. Para identificar y separar la contribución de cada reflector se propone utilizar los efectos de paralaje sobre la ubicación de los errores producidos al medir en distintas posiciones del plano focal. En este trabajo cada simulación se mide en 4 posiciones distintas del plano focal. Mediante software se generan mapas de error para los distintos escenarios. Con esto se encuentra que los errores en el reflector secundario experimentan un cambio considerablemente mayor en su posición en la apertura, al cambiar la posición de medición en el plano focal, en comparación con los errores en el primario. La holografía del CCAT-p ha sido simulada satisfactoriamente y se ha identificado un comportamiento diferente entre los errores de las superficies de los reflectores.
QUIMAL 180004
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Torres, David A. "Using sparse CCA for vocabulary selection." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1464664.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 7, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-34).
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Bourguille, Bruno. "Study and modelization of a neutrino-nucleus CCQE interaction model." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670411.
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En l'estudi de l'oscil·lació de neutrino, comprendre la interacció dels neutrins és important per predir el nombre esperat d'esdeveniments en el detector.
A energies intermèdies, entre pocs MeV i 10 GeV, els neutrins interactuen directament amb els nucleons dins d'un nucli.
Entre els diferents processos d'interacció, la dispersió quasi-elàstica del corrent carregada (neutra) és la interacció principal per als neutrins, o antineutrins, al voltant d'1 GeV.
En els experiments d'oscil·lació, les simulacions Monte Carlo s'utilitzen per predir el nombre esperat d'esdeveniments en funció de la cinemàtica de les diferents interaccions.
A l'comprar el nombre d'esdeveniments en el detector proper i llunyà amb el model d'oscil·lació, és possible determinar els valors del que paràmetres d'oscil·lació.
En aquesta tesi, treballem amb un model per calcular la secció eficaç de les interaccions quasi-elàstiques de corrent carregada.
El mateix model es fa servir per calcular la secció eficaç utilitzant interaccions d'un neutrí amb un nucleon, 1p1h, i les interaccions amb més d'un nucleon, 2p2h.
Tots dos càlculs són modificats per extreure la cinemàtica completa de les interaccions.
Amb la cinemàtica més la secció eficaç calculades, vam construir una simulació Monte Carlo (MC).
Posteriorment la simulació és implementada en un programa per generar interaccions de neutrí, per tal de simular interaccions d'un neutríno en un detector.
Amb el generador d'esdeveniments, treballem en comprar el nou i millorat model amb els anteriorment en ús.
Finalment les limitacions de el model són presentades.En el estudio de la oscilación de neutrinos, comprender la interacción de los neutrinos es importante para predecir el número esperado de eventos en el detector. A energías intermedias, entre pocos MeV y 10 GeV, los neutrinos interactúan directamente con los nucleones dentro de un núcleo. Entre los diferentes procesos de interacción, la dispersión cuasi-elástica de la corriente cargada (neutra) es la interacción principal para los neutrinos, o antineutrinos, alrededor de 1 GeV. En los experimentos de oscilación, las simulaciones Monte Carlo se utilizan para predecir el número esperado de eventos en función de la cinemática de las diferentes interacciones. Al comprar el número de eventos en el detector cercano y lejano con el modelo de oscilación, es possible determinar los valores de lo parámetros de oscilación. En esta tesis, trabajamos con un modelo para calcular la sección eficaz de las interacciones cuasi-elásticas de corriente cargada. El mismo modelo se usa para calcular la sección eficaz utilizando interacciones de un neutrino con un nucleon, 1p1h, y las interacciones con más de un nucleon, 2p2h. Ambos cálculos son modificados para extraer la cinemática completa de las interacciones. Con la cinemática más la sección eficaz calculadas, construimos una simulación Monte Carlo (MC). Posteriormente la simulación es implementada en un programa para generar interacciones de neutrino, a fin de simular interacciones de neutrino en un detector. Con el generador de eventos, trabajamos en comprar el nuevo y mejorado modelo con los anteriormente en uso. Finalmente las limitaciones del modelo son presentadas.
In the study of neutrinos oscillation, understanding neutrinos interaction with matter is an important subject to predict the expected number of events in the detector. At intermediate energies, between a few MeV and 10 GeV, neutrinos interact directly with the nucleons inside a nucleus. Among the different interaction processes, the charged (neutral) current quasi-elastic scattering is the main neutrino, or anti-neutrino, nucleus interaction around 1 GeV. In oscillation experiments, Monte Carlo simulations are used to predict the expected number of events in function of the kinematics of the different interactions. By comparing the number of events in the near and the far detector with the oscillation model, it is possible to determine the oscillation parameter values. In this thesis, we work with a charged current quasi-elastic scattering cross section calculation model. The same nucleus modelisation is used to calculate the 1p1h , one neutrino - one nucleon interaction, and the 2p2h, one neutrino - multiple nucleon interaction, cross section. We modified both of the calculation to extract the complete interaction kinematics of these interactions. With the kinematics plus cross section obtained, we build a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. We then implement this MC simulation in a neutrino events generator, that simulate neutrino interaction inside a detector. With this events generator, we work on a comparison between the improved model and the previous model used. Also we show some of the limitations of the new model.
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HIGH, CRYSTAL MICHELLE SMITH. "ASSESSING THE HUMAN HEALTH RISKS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF CCA-CONTAMINATED MULCH." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1141359669.
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Jühling, Tina. "ARNt "manchots" : structure, fonctionnalité et évolution." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ119/document.
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Les ARNt sont des molécules adaptatrices reliant l'information génétique de l’ARN messagers à la séquence d'acides aminés primaire des protéines. Les ARNt ont une structure typique, appelée "feuille de trèfle". Certains ARNt mitochondriaux montrent une forte dérivation de cette structure. Un cas extrême peut être observé dans les mitochondries du nématode R. culicivorax. Cette étude vise la caractérisation fonctionnelle de ces ARNt «bizarres» et de définir leurs propriétés structurales et leur fonctionnalité avec des protéines partenaires telles que les CCAses et les aminoacyl-ARNt synthetases. Ce travail révèle que les ARNt sans bras forment une structure secondaire en forme d'épingle à cheveux et que leurs structures 3D présentent une grande flexibilité intrinsèque. Les tests initiaux n’ont pas démontré l'activité d'aminoacylation. Cependant, les ARNt sans bras représentent des molécules fonctionnelles pour le CCAse, indiquant des adaptations de l’enzyme aux ARNt sans brasTRNAs are adapter molecules linking the genetic information of messenger RNAs with the primary amino acid sequence of proteins. tRNAs have a typical cloverleaf-like secondary structure. Some mitochondrial tRNAs show a high derivation from this canonical tRNA structure. An extreme case of structural truncations can be observed in mitochondria of the nematode R. culicivorax. This study aims the functional characterization of such “bizarre” tRNAs in defining their structural properties and their functionality with interacting partner proteins such as CCA-adding enzymes and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. This work reveals that armless tRNAs form a hairpin-shaped secondary structure. 3D structures exhibit a high intrinsic flexibility. Initial tests could not demonstrate aminoacylation activity. However, armless tRNAs represent functional molecules for CCA-incorporation, indicating adaptations of CCA-adding enzymes to armless tRNAs
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Liske, Gennadij [Verfasser]. "CCA-Security for predicate encryption schemes / Gennadij Liske." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1141790165/34.
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Lecuivre, Jérôme. "Évaluation d'architectures temps réel réparties : application à CCE." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL093N.
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Notre problématique de recherche au sens large consiste à fournir des outils et des modèles aidant à la conception d'applications temps réel distribuées. Dans le cadre général de la conception, il est important, primordial même, de prendre en compte le plus tôt possible, dans le cycle de vie du système, les paramètres de performance tels que temps de réponse du système ou taux d'occupation des ressources. L’évaluation de performances d'un environnement temps réel distribué est une tache délicate: bien qu'une méthodologie générale existe, chaque étude est particulière. Comment poser proprement le problème, comment le modéliser, quels sont les critères de performance les plus appropriés, quelles sont les bonnes hypothèses, comment mesurer la charge de travail, peut-on se fier aux résultats du modèle ? Le travail que nous avons entrepris fournit des éléments de réponse à ces questions. Pour mener à bien nos travaux, nous avons utilisé et illustré la méthodologie définie par Jain. Nous avons aussi appliqué à la modélisation de profils de communication les règles de modélisation orientées objet définies par Nachef. Nous confrontons les résultats fournis par le modèle aux résultats analytiques ou aux mesures réelles obtenues par expérimentation sur le système pour différents types de machines et de protocoles de communication. Nous proposons une structure d'accueil afin de faciliter la construction de modèles de profils de communication. Notre but est de déterminer si les contraintes de temps de l'application peuvent être respectées par la qualité de service fournie par le profil de communication choisi. Notre approche a été appliquée à la plate-forme temps réel distribuée Cime Computing Environment (CCE) dont nous décrivons les services et la qualité de service associée. Nous proposons plusieurs mécanismes protocolaires permettant de faciliter la gestion des contraintes de temps
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Etinson, Adam. "Human rights and the problem of ethnocentrism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c1a851e2-cca5-4ccc-9c62-97d0ead23392.
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Despite its prominence as a pejorative term in moral and political philosophy, the phenomenon of ethnocentrism has escaped the focused attention of moral and political philosophers. Little sustained effort has been devoted to its in-depth analysis. This thesis attempts to fill in that gap in the philosophical literature, with a particular focus on the analysis of ethnocentrism as a problem, or rather a set of problems, facing the theory and practice of human rights. The thesis begins by drawing a core distinction between ethnocentrism as a moral phenomenon (i.e., a form of moral partiality), on the one hand, and as an epistemological phenomenon (i.e., a mode of judgment), on the other. After singling out the epistemological aspect of ethnocentrism as its main focus, the thesis argues for four interlocking claims. The first claim is that ethnocentrism represents an unwarranted mode of judgment, and thus an epistemic hazard that ought to be avoided if at all possible (Chapter One, §3). This claim is defended at length against the version of political constructivism advanced by John Rawls, which, by grounding political argument exclusively in ideas and values embedded in a common public culture, implicitly justifies a form of ethnocentrism (Chapter Two). The second claim is that moral argument cannot avoid ethnocentrism by grounding itself, as some have thought, in judgments upon which there is broad moral consensus, or rather by avoiding any appeal to judgments that are the subject of marked dissensus (Chapter Three and Chapter Four). Thirdly, the thesis argues that ethnocentrism is, if avoidable, only so to a limited extent (Chapter Six, §2). And fourthly, it offers an outline of how this limited form of avoidance might work (Chapter Five and Chapter Six, §3).
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Garcia-Granada, Andres-Amador. "The effect of creep and mechanical load on cold expanded fastener holes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/4740bd70-cca6-4bca-8a3f-86724e04559e.
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Riddlestone, Ian Martin. "Synthesis and reactivity of transition metal-group 13 complexes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f253a2a5-cc6e-4978-86d9-5f3064dadc1b.
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The synthesis and reactivity of a number of mixed transition metal-aluminium and σ-alane complexes are detailed in this thesis. Chapter III reports on the formation and structural characterisation of N,N'-chelated aluminium dihalide precursors featuring amidinate and guanidinate substituents. These precursors of the type RC(R'N)2AlX2 (R = iPr2N or Ph; R' = Cy or iPr or Dipp; X = hal), readily react with Na[CpFe(CO)2] via salt elimination to form the corresponding mixed iron-aluminium complexes CpFe(CO)2[(X)Al(NR')2CR] which have been characterised both spectroscopically and by X-ray diffraction. The reactivity of the novel mixed aluminium-iron complexes towards halide abstraction agents has been investigated and a propensity for augmented coordination at the aluminium centre observed. Furthermore, complementary syntheses of the methyl substituted complex CpFe(CO)2[(Me)Al(NCy)2CNiPr2] have been developed. This can be achieved either via the reaction between the related chloride complex and MeLi, or from the reaction between iPr2C(CyN)2Al(Me)Cl and Na[CpFe(CO)2]. The research detailed in Chapter IV builds on the previous chapter and is focussed on the use of more sterically demanding substituents at both aluminium and transition metal, as well as more electron rich transition metal fragments. The transition metal anions Na[Cp*Fe(CO)2] and Na[CpSiFe(CO)(PPh3)] react with the aluminium precursors forming related mixed iron-aluminium complexes which have been structurally characterised. The Dipp2NacNacAlCl2 precursor has been shown to undergo reaction with both Na[CpFe(CO)2] and Na[Cp*Fe(CO)2]. The halide abstraction chemistry of the latter utilising both Lewis acid and salt metathesis based abstraction approaches has been investigated. The dehydrohalogenation chemistry of the Dipp2NacNacAlCl2 precursor was investigated and the ligand activated products of reactions with both alkyl lithium and alkyl potassium reagents characterised. Chapter V reports the extension of salt metathesis for the formation of an Al-H-Mn interaction, and the product has been fully characterised. In addition, the coordination of Al-H bonds from a number of alane precursors to in situ generated 16-electron fragments has allowed the structural characterisation of a number of novel σ-alane complexes. The incorporation of the transition metal fragments [Cp'Mn(CO)2] and [W(CO)5] permit comparison to archetypal borane and silane σ-complexes. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that the alane ligand has a binding energy close to that of dihydrogen but significantly less than that of CO, consistent with a predominant σ-donor role of the Al-H bond. The formation and structural characterisation of the κ2-complexes (OC)4M[κ2-H2AlDipp2NacNac] (M = Cr, Mo or W) define an unprecedented binding motif for the alane ligand. In the cases of chromium and molybdenum the κ2-complexes can be prepared either photolytically or via alkene displacement from the corresponding (OC)4M(cod) reagent. In the case of tungsten the alkene displacement route yields the desired product, but only under more forcing conditions. Spectroscopic characterisation of the related κ1-complex (OC)5Cr[κ1-H2AlDipp2NacNac], which readily forms the κ2-complex in solution without photolysis, has enabled the kinetics of chelate ring closure to be investigated. This analysis further characterises the formation of the unprecedented κ2-binding motif for the alane ligand.
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Resende, Janaina de Oliveira. "Utilização do estágio de extração alcalina a frio (CCE) para conversão de polpa papel em solúvel, com reaproveitamento do filtrado CCE." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/7646.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Polpas solúveis são polpas especiais que possuem alto teor de alfa-celulose, e baixos teores de hemiceluloses, lignina, extrativos e inorgânicos. Elas podem ser produzidas a partir de algodão ou madeira. A partir da madeira, essas polpas são, usualmente, fabricadas pelos processos de cozimento sulfito ácido ou pré-hidrolise Kraft. Alternativamente, elas poderiam ser produzidas a partir de polpa Kraft papel, utilizando-se uma técnica de remoção de hemiceluloses denominada de extraçãoalcalina a frio (CCE). O estágio CCE, gera uma quantidade significativa de licor CCE rico em hemiceluloses e álcali, que precisam ser reaproveitados. As hemiceluloses poderiam ser reaproveitadas como aditivos para várias aplicações, inclusive na produção de papéis especiais. Por exemplo, elas podem influenciar significativamente a qualidade de papeis de imprimir e escrever (P&W), melhorando suas qualidades mecânicas. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi determinar a posição do estágio CCE num processo industrial, visando a produção de polpa solúvel, de modo a reduzir o consumo de reagentes durante o branqueamento da polpa e recuperar as xilanas do licor CCE por precipitação com etanol. As xilanas recuperadas foram depositadas na polpa Kraft de eucalipto durante a etapa de deslignificação com oxigênio e foi determinada a influência delas nos processos de branqueamento e refino da polpa e nas propriedades da polpa resultante. A localização do estágio CCE como primeira etapa da sequência de branqueamento se mostrou mais adequada para a produção de polpa solúvel grau viscose, pelo menor consumo de reagentes de branqueamento e maior eficiência de remoção de hemiceluloses da polpa. As xilanas assim removidas e recuperadas com etanol foram adicionadas a uma polpa kraft marrom na etapa de deslignificação com oxigênio resultando ganhos de rendimento de até 4,5% em relação a polpa Referência. O consumo de energia no refino da polpa foi reduzido significativamente pela deposiçãodas xilanas, sendo o benefício proporcional à quantidade de xilanas depositadas. De modo geral, as propriedades mecânicas das polpas foram beneficiadas pela adição de xilanas na etapa de deslignificação com oxigênio.
Dissolving pulp is a special grade pulp which should present a high alpha-cellulose content and low hemicellulose, lignin, extractives, and inorganic content. These pulps are obtained by cotton or wood as raw material. From the wood, these pulps are usually manufactured by the acid sulphite cooking processes or pre-hydrolysis kraft. Alternatively, they could be made from Kraft pulp using a hemicellulose removal technique called cold caustic extraction (CCE). The CCE stage generates a significant volume of alkaline liquor rich in hemicellulose that needs to be reused. Hemicellulose could be reused as additives in many applications, including for producing specialty papers. For example, they can improve the printing and writing paper (P&W) quality, improving its physical and mechanical properties. In this study, the objective was to determine the position of the CCE stage in an industrial process aiming at the production of dissolving pulp, aiming to reduce the reagents consumption during the pulp bleaching, and recover CCE liquor xylan precipitation with ethanol. The recovered xylan were deposited onto eucalyptus kraft pulp during the oxygen delignification stage, it was determined their influence on the pulp bleaching and refining processes, and pulp properties. The position of the CCE stage as the first stage in the bleaching sequence was suitable for the production of viscose-grade pulp showing a lower bleaching chemicals consumption and greater hemicellulose removal efficiency of the pulp. The xylan thus removed and recovered with ethanol were added to a brown kraft pulp in the oxygen delignification stage with resulting yield gains in the range of -1.3 to 4.5% compared to the reference pulp. Energy consumption in the refining of the pulp was significantly reduced by xylan deposition, with the benefit proportional to the amount of deposited xylan. In general, the physico-mechanical properties pulps were greatly benefited by the addition of xylan in the delignification stage.
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Alderman, Delton R. Jr. "An Investigation into Attitudes towards Recycling CCA Treated Lumber." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27506.
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This research examines the effects of evaluations, beliefs, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on the contractor's decision intention to recover used CCA lumber. The purpose of this research was to determine the factors that affect recovery. This research proposes that a contractorâ s decision intention to recover is affected by evaluations, beliefs, subjective norms, and perceived barriers to recovery.
The study included a mail questionnaire that was sent to over 2,800 contractors. The questionnaire was used to collect both demographic data and an evaluation of the factors believed to affect the recovery of CCA treated lumber. Data was collected primarily through the mail survey, where participants rated the factors believed to affect the recovery of spent CCA lumber.
Extrapolation indicates that nearly 2.4 million cubic meters of treated lumber were removed in 1999 from the demolition of decks. It was also discerned that only two of the respondents recovered used CCA lumber on a full-time basis. Additionally, there appears to be a lack of knowledge regarding the chemical components of CCA treated lumber, the proper disposal methods, and handling of the product. This has profound strategic implications for not only the wood treating industry but other industries as well.
The second phase of the research utilized ordinary least squares regression and a structural equation modeling program to model the factors concerning the contractors' decision intention to recover. The findings indicate that contractor beliefs and components of perceived behavioral control are the primary drivers in the contractor's decision intention to recover. Regarding beliefs, the findings indicate that contractors have a minimal belief that the recovery of the CCA lumber is necessary. This indicates that a marketing communications program should be developed to address the necessity and benefits of recovery.
Recovery facilities and programs were found to be nonexistent and will have to be developed in order to facilitate recovery. Concerning programs, the overwhelming response was that some type of financial incentive would have to be incorporated to initiate recovery. In conjunction with the development of programs, recovery facilities will have to be developed that are convenient for the contractor to dispose of the used lumber.Ph. D.
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Mattsson, Sara. "Is local climate change adaptation [CCA] inclusive for/adapted to everybody? : A qualitative study and intersectional analysis of local CCA within Stockholm County." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284526.
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Stockholm County is currently implementing climate change adaptation, making it essential to distinguish the priorities being made. Previous research has suggested that social dimensions of climate change adaptation in cities, especially in the Global North, are largely ignored. Therefore, this thesis aims to identify how social dimension issues of current local Climate Change Adaptation [CCA] in Stockholm County is perceived by CCA-practitioners and provide an overall understanding of how current local Climate Change Adaptation [CCA] materializes in Stockholm County. Five civil servants working as environmental planners/strategists were interviewed and part of a semi-structured interview study, which was analyzed through thematic analysis and an intersectional framework. The results suggest that current local CCA prioritizes specific climate hazards (Floods and different erosion- related hazards), certain buildings (new developments), and certain evaluations (technical). In addition, heatwaves, existing built environments, and social dimension assessments were shown to be of less focus in current local CCA. The results from the intersectional franmework showed that specific identity categories are considered in certain climate hazards, specifically in heatwaves that have clear health outcomes compared to the other hazards. It also shows that gender seems to be the least explored identity category of vulnerability in current local CCA-practice.Stockholms län genomför för närvarande klimatanpassnings-åtgärder, vilket gör det viktigt att urskilja hur det tar sig i uttryck. Tidigare forskning har signalerat att sociala dimensioner klimatanpassning av städer, särskilt i det globala Nord, i stort sett har ignorerats. Därför syftar denna uppsats till att ge en övergripande förståelse för hur klimatanpassning inom Stockholms län tar sig i uttryck och vilka sociala perspektiv bedöms relevanta verksamma tjänstemän inom klimatanpassning. Uppsatsen hade två forskningsfrågor: 1) Enligt tjänstemän som arbetar med klimatanpassning inom Stockholms län, vad prioriteras och vad prioriteras inte inom nuvarande klimatanpassnings-praxis för en klimatrisk, och varför? 2)Enligt tjänstemän som arbetar med klimatanpassning inom Stockholms län, vem anses vara sårbar inom klimatanpassning, och var inom nuvarande klimatanpassnings-praxis tas det i åtanke? Uppsatsen har förlitats sig i stort på intersektionalitet som ett analytiskt verktyg och som vägledning i en litteraturstudie. Eftersom klimatanpassning utförs inom fysisk planering av kommunen, har fem tjänstemän som arbetar som miljöplanerare eller miljö-strateger intervjuats i en semistrukturerad intervjustudie. Materialet har analyserades genom tematisk analys. Den tematiska analysen gav tre typer av teman, där en viss prioritering kunde urskiljas. Resultaten tyder på att nuvarande klimatanpassning prioriterar specifika klimatrisker (översvämningar, ras och skred), vissa byggnader (ny bebyggelse) och vissa utvärderingar (tekniska). Dessutom visade resultatet på att värmeböljor, befintliga miljöer och bedömningar av sociala dimensioner är av mindre vikt och fokus inom klimatanpassning. Den tematiska analysen gav även ett fjärde tema kallat Sårbarheter. Under detta tema, presenterades hur sårbarheter inför klimatförändringar uppfattas av de intervjuade tjänstemännen och de angivna sårbarheterna analyserades med ett befintligt intersektionellt ramverk. Resultaten från den intersektionella analysen visar att specifika identitetskategorier beaktas mer i vissa klimatrisker, till exempel vid värmeböljor som har tydliga hälsokonsekvenser jämfört med andra extrema väderhändelser. Den visar också att kön är den minst utforskade i dagens klimatanpassnings- praxis i Stockholms Län.
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Veverytsa, Lyubov. "Coordinating differentiation with behavioral output of the CCAP-neuron network in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/39634.
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Appropriate integration of neurons into functioning networks is the ultimate goal of
neuronal differentiation. My thesis examined the mechanism and timing of neuronal
differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster in relation to the functional requirements of a
developing neuronal network.
Specifically, my thesis aimed to address the role of extrinsic signaling in inducing and
maintaining the expression of genes important to the function of neurons within their network.
CCAP-neurons were chosen as a model because: 1) GAL4 drivers are available for cell-specific
genetic manipulation. 2) The critical role of CCAP-neurons in the behavior, ecdysis, provides for
an easily assayed phenotype if these neurons fail to function properly. 3) Four peptide hormones
are selectively expressed in differentiated CCAP-neurons that are essential for the normal
function of CCAP-neurons in ecdysis; this provides a direct link between gene expression and
behavior. 4) Ecdysis is reiterated at multiple developmental steps, thus the CCAP-neuronal
population functions throughout development. Together, these factors allow my work to relate
neuronal subtype-specific differentiation to the regulation of gene expression and then directly to
behavior.
Larval Drosophila CCAP-neurons comprise ~46 neurons [~36 interneurons (CCAP-INs)
and 10 efferent-neurons (CCAP-ENs)] that express a number of terminal differentiation genes
(TDGs; such as neuropeptides). To begin, we delineated mechanisms underlying the expression
of four TDGs, the peptide hormones CCAP, MIP, Bursicon-α and Bursicon-β, which together
mediate the functional output of those neurons. Importantly, my studies found that a specific
subset of CCAP-neurons, the CCAP-ENs, is both necessary and sufficient for ecdysis, and that
their function in ecdysis is mediated by extrinsic BMP-dependent peptide hormone expression.
Additionally, we found that the change in the ecdysis behavioral sequence from larval to pupal
ecdysis is supported by the recruitment of a ‘late’ subset of CCAP-neurons that are born in the
embryo but undergo extrinsic ecdysone-triggered, temporally-tuned differentiation immediately
prior to pupal ecdysis.
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Erler, Jens [Verfasser]. "Spectro-spatial observations of galaxy clusters with Planck and CCAT-prime / Jens Erler." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218475005/34.
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Msangaambe, Chatha. "Laity empowerment with regard to the missional task of the CCAP in Malawi." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6750.
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Thesis (DTh (Practical Theology and Missiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation presents the empowerment of the laity in the church as a strategic key activity to bring transformation within the Malawian Church and its context. It is an attempt to answer the question: How can the laity of the CCAP Nkhoma Synod be empowered to become missional agents of transformation? The researcher contends that, if the clerical leadership can engage faithfully in the task of equipping all members for service in the Church and community, a phenomenal improvement in the quality of life in Malawi can take place. The first chapter serves as an introduction to the whole work. It describes the problem in three related questions, all of which demand a practical theo-logical response to the described scenario. Along with other introductory essentials, this chapter establishes the epistemological framework for doing theology in congregations as overarching for the study. It basically defines theology in a practical way. Chapter 2 describes the physical features of Malawi, as well as a historical background of the Church in Malawi. While it presents a general historical background, it pays special attention to the contributions of the laity in the development of the Malawian Church. The role of the laity in Church development and growth throughout the Church's history is quite remark-able, must be appreciated, and actually deserves a special study. Chapter 3 deals with the analysis of the context in which the Malawian Church exists and ministers. It exposes the suffering caused by poverty and HIV/AIDS, that people in the Church and society experience. The situation, as described, provides the motivation and driving force for this study. The identity analysis of the Nkhoma Synod dominates Chapter 4, which discusses the influence of identity on the way the Church equips its members. The picture that it portrays proves that identity should be used to promote empowerment of the laity. Chapter 5 discusses the Church's missional nature and explains the Church's position in the society, as well as its biblical mandate to serve. This discussion is taken further in Chapter 6, which deals with the specific role of the Church in sustainable development. The Church, with its missional nature, is viewed as a capable catalyst and participant in community development. Chapter 7 develops a detailed explanation of the laity‟s empowerment as a key activity of the Church in its practice of theology. This empowerment is approached from different perspectives and also receives an African view. This chapter prepares the research with the basic theory used in the case study that Chapter 8 presents. The final chapter summarizes the whole discussion as a way of commenting on the findings that climax in the case study. This study asserts that, if the clerical leadership in the Malawian Church in the Nkhoma Synod can empower the laity and utilize their spiritual gifts, then the missional identity of the Church can come to the fore.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tesis handel oor die bemagtiging van lidmate as ʼn strategiese sleutel tot transformasie binne die Malawiese Kerk en sy konteks. Dit is ʼn poging om die vraag te beantwoord: Hoe kan die lidmate van die CCAP Nkhoma Sinode bemagtig word om missionêre agente van transformasie te wees? Die navorser beweer dat, indien die leierskap getrou die taak kan uitvoer om alle lidmate toe te rus vir diens in die Kerk en die gemeenskap, ʼn merkwaardige verbetering in die lewenskwaliteit in Malawi kan plaasvind. Die eerste hoofstuk dien as ʼn inleiding tot die hele werk. Dit beskryf die pro-bleem in drie verwante vrae wat al drie ʼn praktiese teologiese reaksie tot die scenario wat beskryf is, bied. Tesame met ander inleidende noodsaaklik-hede, verduidelik hierdie hoofstuk die praxis metodologie van praktiese teologie. Hoofstuk 2 beskryf Malawi en vertel die geskiedenis van die kerk. Terwyl dit ʼn algemene historiese agtergrond bied, skenk dit spesiale aandag aan die bydraes van lidmate in die ontwikkeling van die Malawiese Kerk. Lidmate se rol in die Kerk se ontwikkeling en groei is werklik merkwaardig, moet waardeer word, en verdien eintlik ʼn spesiale studie. Hoofstuk 3 handel oor die analise van die konteks waarin die Malawiese Kerk bestaan en dien. Dit toon die lyding, veroorsaak deur armoede en MIV/VIGS, wat mense in die Kerk en samelewing verduur. Die situasie is die motivering en dryfveer vir hierdie studie. Die identiteitsanalise van die Nkhoma Sinode is die inhoud van Hoofstuk 4. Die stelling wat dit maak, is dat identiteit gebruik moet word om die bemagtiging van lidmate te bevorder. Hoofstuk 5 bespreek die kerk se missionêre wese en verduidelik die kerk se posisie in die samelewing asook sy Bybelse mandaat om te dien. vi Hierdie bespreking word verder gevoer in Hoofstuk 6 wat handel oor die rol van die Kerk om volhoubare ontwikkeling te verseker. Die Kerk, met sy missionêre wese, word gesien as ʼn belangrike rolspeler in gemeenskapsontwikkeling. Hoofstuk 7 verduidelik hoe lidmate bemagtig word om die missio Dei te volvoer. In teologiese teorie en die bedieningpspraktyk behoort dit tot die wese van kerkwees. Bemagtiging kan vanaf verskillende perspektiewe benader word, maar ʼn kontekstuee, eie, Afrika benadering, word voorgestaan. Dié hoofstuk is voorbereidend tot die beskrywing van die proses wat die navorser gevolg het om die teorie in die CCAP gemeente Nkhoma toe te pas en te evalueer: Hoofstuk 8. Die slothoofstuk som die hele bespreking op as ʼn manier om kommentaar te lewer op die bevindinge wat hul klimaks in die gevallestudie bereik. Hierdie studie bewys dat waar kerklike leierskap lidmate bemagtig en hul gawes benut, die missionêre identiteit van die Kerk daadwerklik sigbaar word.
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Gondwe, John. "A theological investigation into Malawian child labour : a challenge to CCAP Livingstonia synod." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96659.
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Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Motivated by the observation that child labour is harmful to children, this research aims to determine whether child labour could be described as a violation of human dignity. The research further attempts to develop a theological framework which the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (C.C.A.P) Synod of Livingstonia in Malawi could adopt in restoring the human dignity that might have been trodden on in child labour practices. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, eight ministers from two presbyteries were interviewed, using a structured questionnaire as the main tool for data collection. The data was analyzed using a thematic data analysis method. The findings indicated that child labour is any work done by children that is detrimental to their welfare. Such work was predominantly on tobacco farms both at commercial and at family levels, and was carried out under hazardous conditions. As a result children experience the following effects; physical abuse; psychological torture, sexual abuse; and these children may end up in perpetual poverty experiences, to mention just a few effects. The critical literature analysis done with reference to theological concept of human dignity, characterized the effects as a violation of human dignity. The main causes of child labour identified during this study were poverty, ignorance of short and long terms impact of child labour effects on children, and the cultural perceptions that children are equipped for the future if they are trained (socialized) to work hard at a tender age. By implication, as long as these causes exist, child labour may remain a problem and children may continue to suffer since these children do not enter labour by choice, but forced by the socio-economic and socio-cultural structures. Although these children experience this human degradation there is no way they can stop working on their own, because they do not have a voice, they are under the control of parents and employers. In this context this study would like to classify working children as among the marginalized, oppressed, weak and vulnerable groups in need of people and institution that can speak and act on their behalf. Therefore it is argued that there is a need for the church to advocate for the marginalized children in this context. The literature consulted further indicated that the church of Jesus Christ is responsible for providing spiritual and physical salvation to people, taking into account how long it may take to deal with some of the main causes of child labour. The church may consider its advocacy role of protecting the dignity of human beings created in the image of God with compassionate love. This research suggests recommendations that are in line with theological understanding of who the church is and the human dignity of people and specifically of children, to address the challenges of child labour practices. The recommendations attempt to involve different stakeholders of the community to work in a consortium.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorsing is gemotiveer deur die waarneming dat die gevolge van kinder-arbeid skadelik vir kinders kan wees, en stel dit ten doel om vas te stel of die effek van kinder-arbeid as ʼn skending van menswaardigheid beskryf kan word. Die navorsing streef ook om ʼn teologiese raamwerk te ontwikkel wat die Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (C.C.A.P) Livingstonia Sinode in Malawi kan gebruik om die menswaardigheid wat moontlik deur kinder-arbeid- gebruike vertrap is,te herstel. Ten einde die doelstellings van die studie te bereik, is onderhoude gevoer met agt predikante van twee ringe, Jombo en Rumphi, in Livingstonia Sinode. Tydens die individuele onderhoude is ʼn gestruktureerde vraelys hoofsaaklik gebruik vir die versameling van data. Die versamelde data is ontleed met ʼn tematiese data-ontleding metode. Volgens die bevindings is kinder-arbeid enige arbeid wat kinders verrig wat nadelig vir hul welsyn is. Die meeste werk wat deur kinders verrig word, is op kommersiële tabakplase of in familieverband op kleinboere se tabakplase. Die werk is meestal onder gevaarlike omstandighede. As gevolg van die gevaarlike werk, ervaar kinders fisiese mishandeling, sielkundige teistering, seksuele mishandeling en ook soms gedurige armoede, om net ʼn paar te nadelige effekte te noem. Die kritiese literatuur-analise oor hierdie effekte met verwysing na ʼn teologiese konsep van menswaardigheid, toon dat die gevolge gekenmerk kan word as skending van menseregte. Die volgende primêre oorsake van kinder-arbeid is in die studie geïdentifiseer: armoede, onkunde oor die kort- en langtermyn impak van kinder-arbeid op kinders, en kulturele persepsies dat kinders vir die toekoms toegerus word as hulle op ʼn jong ouderdom geleer word (sosialisasie) om hard te werk. Die implikasie is dat solank hierdie oorsake voortbestaan, sal kinder-arbeid ʼn probleem bly en sal kinders steeds so ly, aansien hierdie kinders nie kies om kinder-arbeid te verrig nie, maar deur sosio-ekonomiese en sosio- kulturele strukture daartoe gedwing word. Al word hierdie kinders onmenswaardig behandel, kan hulle nie ophou werk nie, want hulle het nie ʼn stem nie, hulle word beheer deur hul ouers en werkgewers. In hierdie konteks stel hierdie studie werkende kinders gelyk aan die klassifikasie van die gemarginaliseerde, onderdrukte, swak en weerlose groep namens wie mense en organisasies moet praat en optree. Daar word dus betoog dat daar ʼn behoefte is dat die kerk namens gemarginaliseerde kinders in hierdie konteks intree. Die literatuur dui verder aan dat die aard en missie van die kerk van Jesus Christus maak ons verantwoordelik om spirituele en fisiese verlossing vir mense te bied. In die lig van die uitdagings van kinderswat werk, en met inagneming van hoe lank dit mag neem om sommige van die oorsake van kinder-arbeid aan te spreek, kan die kerk sy rol in terme van die beskerming van die menswaardigheid van mense geskape in die beeld van God met deernisvolle liefde oorweeg. Die navorsing maak voorstelle wat belyn is met die teologiese verstaan van wie die kerk is en die menswaardigheid van mense en spesifiek van kinders, om die uitdagings van kinder- arbeid aan te spreek. Die aanbevelings streef om verskillende aandeelhouers in die gemeenskap te mobiliseer om as ʼn konsortium saam te werk om kinder-arbeid en die onmenswaardige behandeling van kinders te bestry.
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Costa, Marcus Vinicius Silvério. "Controle MPC robusto aplicado ao conversor Boost CCTE otimizado por inequações matriciais lineares." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/25555.
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COSTA, M. V. S. Controle MPC robusto aplicado ao conversor Boost CCTE otimizado por inequações matriciais lineares. 2017. 178 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Elétrica)–Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017.Submitted by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br) on 2017-09-06T17:10:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_tese_mvscosta.pdf: 5929867 bytes, checksum: 81ddf2f8352a8740c1bfba2216f43bfa (MD5)
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This work proposes a MPC predictive control strategy applied to a three-state switching cell boost (3SSC) converter that gives more simplicity and systematization to the control design steps and analysis. The integral gain controller can adjusted, eliminating the re-design the weighting matrices. Besides, the stability elipsoid theory are used to simplify the stability analysis of converter. The proposed MPC begins using the linear time varying (LTV) model plant. The parameters variations are considered polytopic uncertainties using linear matrix inequalities approach (LMIs) with relaxations. Theoretical and experimental aspects are applied and analyzed to a 1 kW 3SSC boost converter with voltage input and load uncertainties. To 500 W experimental test, it is considered load and voltage input steps variations. To 1000 W experimental test, it is only considered load steps variation. Also, the proposed MPC-LMI is compared with a classical LQI known in the literature. Theoretical-experimental aspects are applied and analyzed in a 1 kW converter with uncertainties in the input voltage and load. For the experiments, the voltage and load step tests for the 500 W project and a load step test for the 1000 W one were considered. In addition, to establish a performance reference, the proposed MPC is compared with the classic LQR controller known in the literature. The proposed control strategy presents advantages considering the variations of the model due to load tests in DC-DC 3SSC boost applications, being a feasible proposal in solving problems for high-performance converters.
Este trabalho propõe uma estratégia de controle preditivo MPC aplicado a um conversor boost com célula de comutação em 3 estados (CCTE) que confere mais simplicidade e sistematização nas fases de projeto e análise do controlador. O ganho integral do controlador pode ser ajustável, dispensando o reprojeto nas matrizes de ponderação. Para simplificar a análise de estabilidade do controlador, utiliza-se o conceito de elipsóides de estabilidade. O controle MPC proposto parte da modelagem da planta no espaço de estados médio linear e variante no tempo (LTV). As variações paramétricas, no contexto deste trabalho, são tratadas como incertezas politópicas expressas por meio de desigualdades matriciais lineares (LMIs) com relaxações. Aspectos teórico-experimentais são aplicados e analisados em um conversor boost CCTE de 1 kW com incertezas na tensão de entrada e na carga. Para os ensaios, são considerados os testes de degrau de tensão e de carga para o projeto em 500 W e para o degrau de carga com operação em 1000 W . Além disso, para estabelecer uma base de desempenho, o MPC proposto é comparado com o controlador LQI clássico conhecido na literatura. A estratégia de controle proposta apresenta vantagens considerando as variações do modelo decorrente dos testes de cargas em aplicações boost CC-CC do tipo CCTE, sendo uma proposta viável na solução de problemas em conversores de alto rendimento.
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Kerr, Matthew P. M. "With many voices : the sea in Victorian fiction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:873709c4-cc2e-4679-a7c3-12ddcca7c02e.
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This thesis considers some of the ways in which the sea was written about and written with in English nineteenth-century prose fiction. It has become a commonplace of literary criticism that, in the century preceding modernism, prose fiction about the sea was unthinking and uninteresting: indentured to outworn generic codes, tied to certain clichés of national identity, Empire, or slipshod sublimity, and vaguely evoking some or all of them. This thesis does not attempt a general contradiction of this view. What this thesis does suggest is that Victorian fiction is not always naïve about its subject and, at times, displays an awareness of the generic and stylistic hazards attendant upon writing about the sea. To write about the sea was to risk writing vaguely. However, to Victorian novelists who wished to draw on vagueness, the sea offered a subject and a style that could be put to use. The introduction sets out the terms of my discussion both of vagueness, and of the attitudes of Victorian writers and readers to the sea as a setting and theme for fiction. The terms of philosophical vagueness are compared with the nineteenth century’s most influential aesthetics of obscurity: the sublime. The purchase of these theories is then tested, first in relation to Ruskin’s lifelong interest in representing the sea in painting and prose, and second with reference to novels by George Eliot, Thackeray, and Gaskell. Prior critical approaches are also considered, as is the topic of empire, which I explain is not my primary focus. The body of the thesis is devoted primarily to three author studies: Frederick Marryat, Charles Dickens, and Joseph Conrad. Each author wrote vaguely about the sea, though vagueness is shown to be, in all three cases, a resource that can be drawn upon with degrees of self-consciousness; if, by the beginning of the nineteenth century, vague language was considered appropriate to the sea, the linguistic resources that the sea in turn offered began to seem increasingly applicable to experiences characterised by uncertainty. I suggest that the sea establishes conditions that invite a rereading of the many repetitions in Marryat’s novels. These repetitions can be viewed, I argue, as traces of Marryat’s struggle to find a language appropriate to the ocean. In Dickens’s writing, the sea is often present as a source both of metaphor and of experience. I suggest that the slippery doubleness of the literary sea is a means by which both Dickens’s characters, and the individuals he encounters as a journalist, can be made to coexist with their ideal or literary doubles. In my chapter on Conrad, I argue that the sea forms a crucial element of the kind of literary impressionism Conrad recommends in his preface to The Nigger of the ‘Narcissus’ (1897) and elsewhere. Vagueness arises when the border between linguistic concepts becomes blurred. Two short interludes, on the subject of shores and depths respectively, consider such permeable thresholds. These interludes also provide a means of charting changes that occurred across the period, a counterpoint to the more temporally specific focus of the author studies. I conclude with a brief discussion of Virginia Woolf’s The Waves (1931). Critics have distinguished the high modernist sea from what came before; this coda insists that the sort of vagueness valued by Woolf has an earlier origin.
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Richardson, Thomas Duncan. "Collaborative practice to support young people with ASN during the school to post-school transition in Scotland : the perspectives of young people, their families and professionals." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/051a8211-cca2-4003-8312-dac455ae93fe.
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The school to post-school transition has been identified as a time when young people with Additional Support Needs (ASN) need extra support. This thesis focuses on the school to post-school transition planning and preparation process for young people with ASN in Scotland. In particular, the author scrutinised the collaborative planning and preparation that takes place amongst professionals to support young people with ASN and their families during this transition. The author also examined the influence of the Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2004 upon the process. A mixed-methods research design was used to undertake three studies. Study 1 was a national on-line survey of professionals involved in post-school transition planning and preparation. Study 2 was a longitudinal study in which professionals involved in transition planning and preparations from one local authority were interviewed at 2 time periods (2004 before the implementation of the Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2004 and 2010). Minutes of transition meetings from both periods were also examined. Study 3 was a case study of a further education college undertaken in the same local authority as Study 2, to understand the experiences of transition planning and preparation from the perspectives of the young people with ASN who had experienced post-school transition and their families, along with school and college professionals. Participants (young people, parents and professionals) were interviewed. Visual resources were developed by the author to support the interviews with the young people. Data in all the studies were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Finally, the findings of the three studies are presented and discussed. These include the perception that transition planning and preparation has become more young person centred since the Act was introduced. Implications for policy makers, practitioners, and future research are also discussed.
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Lazo-González, Denisse. "The politics of literature in Chilean post-transition to democracy novels : portraits of society and the political status of women in the narrative of Diamela Eltit and Alberto Fuguet." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:56eb3768-cca8-4e5a-a7bc-62a857a9c3d8.
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This thesis explores the relationship between literature and politics through a study of novels published by Diamela Eltit (1949-) and Alberto Fuguet (1964-) in the Chilean post-transition to democracy period (i.e.: after the year 2000). It attempts to demonstrate that Chilean post-transition to democracy literature foregrounds the socio-cultural legacies inherited from the dictatorship (1973-1990), which have been to a great extent endorsed by the Chilean neoliberal transition to democracy. This thesis considers the more recent narrative fiction published by these authors as representative of Chilean post-transition to democracy literature, that is, a literature that shares a politico-historical legacy inherited from the Chilean dictatorship, and highlights a social imaginary permeated by the contemporary neoliberal politico-cultural project imposed by the military and to a great extent endorsed by the transition to democracy. In doing so, this work focuses on questions related to the portrayal of contemporary Chilean society and the political status of women. Commitment in literature does not necessarily come from the author's subjectivity or intention, but from his or her study of society and the way in which s/he presents it. Literary commitment, whether overt or not, remains fundamental in the case of contemporary Chilean writers, who have inherited a neoliberal socio-cultural context imposed by a dictatorship, and who may deploy strategies to either disseminate, perpetuate or resist such a cultural model, creating new ones. Therefore, the values to which literature commits can be traced in the case of both the overtly politically committed author and the apparently apolitical one. This methodology allows us to reveal the way in which Eltit and FuguetÊ1⁄4s writing projects represent different but implicitly related views of Chilean society as well as two semi-canonical standpoints which are prominently representative of the twenty-first century Chilean literary sphere.
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Collins, Jennifer. "A study of exploitation for the criminal law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:82273f4a-cc0e-4cf8-aadd-82795e35778f.
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What is the state's duty to penalize serious interpersonal exploitation using the criminal law? Does the state discharge this duty appropriately? These are large questions and this thesis sets out to reassess one part of the puzzle of exploitation. The focus is upon interpersonal exploitation and property offences in England and Wales. Criminal law commentators frequently state that several property offences are justified on the basis that they penalize exploitation. For example, the tendency has been to assume that section 1 of the Fraud Act 2006 performs this function, together with its accompanying sentencing guidelines. One of the objectives of this thesis is to expose the precarious foundations of relying upon existing property offences to censure exploitation. For example, it is not clear what the scope of the wrong of exploitation under discussion actually is. This thesis argues that analysis of the relationship between wrongful interpersonal exploitation and property offences has been woefully superficial in English law and is ripe for reappraisal. The second objective is to identify and to elucidate a hitherto neglected wrong of acquisitive exploitation. An analytical account of the wrong is presented which will be of interest to criminal law theorists. Acquisitive exploitation represents a distinctive method of using vulnerable persons, under the cover of dishonesty. With a careful account of wrongful acquisitive exploitation in hand, the third objective is to raise questions about criminal liability for acquisitive exploitation. Ought the criminal law to penalize acquisitive exploitation, and, if so, how? Are there grounds for penalizing acquisitive exploitation more consistently and with improved labelling? These questions must be thoroughly debated. A credible opening bid is presented in relation to them - first, by considering whether acquisitive exploitation might be used to more fairly label property offences; and second, by assessing justifications for a substantive acquisitive exploitation offence.
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Scott-Smith, Wesley. "Diagnostic reasoning in medical students using a simulated environment." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2013. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/3f371c50-cca5-4883-bf27-539a644c7635.
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Diagnostic ability occupies a pre-eminent position in the skills of a doctor in modern society. Underpinning this attribute is a number of cognitive strategies which are gradually developed through a mixture of experience, acquired knowledge and training. These strategies include processing and structuring information, decision making, and the emergence of higher cognitive skills. The apprenticeship model in medicine assumes that students assimilate such skills during training, without ever questioning how they view or engage with the diagnostic role. The conceptual focus of this study is to use dimensional analysis (DA) to build theory from the perspective or ‘lens of the medical student’. This will use symbolic interactionism as its theoretical framework. DA acknowledges the relationship between the researcher‘s perspective and experience, the data and the participants using a constructivist, relativist epistemological philosophy. Filmed data has been analysed from real time simulated consultations between 3rd year medical students and a trained actor working from a standardised case (dyspepsia). Each participant completed a filmed consultation and a discussion of diagnostic ideas based upon the history alone. Diagnoses were re-evaluated in light of further examination data and the filming watched back with the researcher using a reflexive discussion approach. Nine participants completed the study providing a rich diet of interactive and reflective data from the simulations focussing upon diagnostic ideas. Emergent themes point to the central organising theory of intermediary cognitive adaptation during an important transition in the curriculum. This is characterised by the use of learnt cognitive strategies which act as failsafe mechanisms in maintaining process within the simulation. However, there are examples of naive cognition in applying aspects of conditional reasoning and interpreting clinical probability rules. The diagnostic process is driven by the clinical history with little integration of the physical examination features. This finding may explain the emergence of cognitive errors during undergraduate training, and links normative theory with diagnostic errors seen in clinical practice. Reconstruction of clinical skills and diagnostic thought through reflective analysis are evident. Under the right conditions, simulations can provoke a constructive (intrinsic) perspective on cognitive skills which can advance professional development in the diagnostic reasoning process.
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Franzoni, Nicola. "Modellazione numerica del comportamento viscoso fessurato di elementi in CCA." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/992/.
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Questo studio mira ad affinare modelli numerici a fibre che siano in grado di valutare il comportamento differito viscoso fessurato di elementi in conglomerato cementizio armato.
Il modello numerico iterativo a fibre è stato calibrato e raffrontato con due campagne sperimentali che hanno studiato il fenomeno del creep in due travi in ca gettate in due fasi. E' in grado di valutare le deformzioni differite di sezioni e travi gettate e caricate in più fasi.
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Chifungo, Phoebe Faith. "Women in the CCAP Nkhoma synod : a practical theological study of their leadership roles." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96112.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: “Leave her alone, why are you bothering her? She has done a beautiful thing to me … I tell you the truth, wherever the gospel is preached throughout the world, what she has done will also be told, in memory of her” (Mark 14:6, 9). This is how Jesus Christ perceives woman; with gratitude, dignity and respect. Unfortunately, women have often been ill-treated, discriminated against and even oppressed by her own fellow human beings of the opposite sex just because she was born a woman. Many women have asked themselves, “Why was I born a woman?” Questions such as these motivated the researcher to carry out this current study on women The purpose of this dissertation is to: (1) Determine through an in depth literary analysis factors that have contributed to the desperate position of women leadership in CCAP Nkhoma Synod. (2) To conduct empirical research in the different congregations of the Synod among members of Chigwirizano cha amai, church elders and reverends. (3) To explore a new model of reading and interpreting New Testament texts with regards to addressing the problem of the lack of women in leadership positions in the CCAP Nkhoma Synod. The research has shown that women in the CCAP Nkhoma Synod are denied leadership positions because of historical, cultural and biblical factors. Historically, the first Dutch Reformed missionaries who came to Malawi used a patriarchal type of leadership, which sidelined women from leadership positions. Culturally, it was discovered that people brought their cultural beliefs along with them to church, that a man is superior, powerful, respectful and a controller; while woman are considered to be weak, inferior and submissive. Through Social Identity Theory, it was discovered that these beliefs and actions of considering themselves to be superior and better than women, were influenced by aspects such as self-categorization and stereotyping. This means that the moment men categorized themselves as reverends and elders, they automatically compare themselves with the other group, in this case, “Chigwirizano cha amai”. This resulted in stereotyping women as weak and powerless, not qualified to carry out leadership roles. The research has shown that the biblical factor is the main contributor as to why the church has silenced women up till now. Texts like 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 and 1Timothy 2:11-12 have been used to oppress women from exercising their godly given leadership gifts and skills. This is why a new theory of interpreting the Word of God has been suggested in this dissertation. It is called the “Multi-dimensional Approach”. This new approach1 will be achieved by rereading the Scriptures through three aspects, namely, the literary, social-historical and theological-rhetorical aspects. The researcher remains optimistic that through this process of re-reading the texts, the Chewa culture and missionary history, as well as people’s mindsets, attitudes and beliefs will change in favour of women leadership. This research sought to answer the following questions: (1) To what extent are historical and cultural factors, and particularly factors pertaining to the interpretation of the Bible, responsible for the lack of women in leadership positions in the CCAP Nkhoma Synod? (2) Complex as it may be to explore and measure the impact of these factors, would it be possible to substantiate and verify such influences empirically? (3) Once this has been done, would it for instance be possible to identify alternative readings of history, culture and the Bible? These three questions were very crucial in that they guided the researcher to know the real problem and how this problem can be solved.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: “Laat staan haar,” het Jesus gesê. “Waarom maak julle dit vir haar moeilik?” Sy het ʼn goeie daad aan my gedoen... Dit verseker Ek julle: Oral waar die evangelie in die hele wêreld verkondig word, sal daar ook vertel word wat sy gedoen het, tot herinnering van haar.” (Mark 14:6, 9). Dit is die manier waarop Jesus na vroue gekyk het, met dankbaarheid, waardigheid en respek. Ongelukkig is vroue dikwels sleg behandel, teen gediskrimineer en selfs onderdruk deur manspersone, net omdat hulle as vroue gebore is. Menige vrou het haarself al gevra, “Waarom is ek as vrou gebore?” Vrae soos hierdie het die navorser gemotiveer om hierdie studie te onderneem. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is: (1) Om deur ʼn literatuurstudie die faktore wat tot die desperate situasie van vroue leierskap in die CCAP Nkhoma Sinode bygedra het, te ondersoek. (2) In empiriese navorsing onder lede van die sogenaamde Chigwirizano cha amai (vroue groep), ouderlinge en predikante van verskillende gemeentes van die Sinode te doen. (3) Om ʼn nuwe model vir die lees en interpreteer van die Nuwe Testament met die oog daarop om die probleem van die afwesigheid van vroue in posisies van leierskap in die CCAP Nkhoma Sinode te ontwikkel. Die navorsing het getoon dat vroue in die CCAP Nkhoma Sinode uit posisies van leierskap gehou word as gevolg van historiese, kulturele en Bybelse faktore. Histories het die eerste Nederlandse sendelinge wat na Malawi gekom het ʼn patriargale vorm van leierskap gevestig wat vroue van die begin af uitgesluit het. In kulturele verband is daar gevind dat die mense hulle tradisionele kulturele oortuigings ook in die kerk ingedra het, soos dat die man verhewe is bo die vrou, magtig en in beheer, terwyl vroue as swakker beskou word, minderwaardig en passief. Met behulp van Sosiale Identiteitsteorie is gevind dat hierdie oortuigings en handelinge van mans dat hulle meerderwaardig en beter as vroue is, deur aspekte soos self-kategorisering en stereotipering beïnvloed is. Dit beteken onder andere dat die moment wat mans hulleself as predikante en ouderlinge kategoriseer, hulle onmiddellik hulleself met ander groepe vergelyk, in die geval die Chigwirizano cha amai. Dit dra tot verdere stereotipering van vroue by, naamlik dat hulle swak en magteloos is en daarom nie vir posisies van leierskap geskik is nie. Die navorsing het getoon dat die faktor wat die grootste bydrae gelewer het tot die rede waarom die kerk die vroue se stemme stil gemaak het, verband hou met die wyse waarop die Bybel gelees word. Tekste soos 1 Kor 14:34-35 en 1 Tim 2:11-12 is dikwels gebruik om vroue daarvan te weerhou om hulle God-gegewe gawes van leierskap te ontwikkel en uit te leef. Dit is waarom ʼn nuwe model vir die interpretasie van die Skrif voorgestel word, wat uit literêre, sosiohistoriese en teologies-retoriese aspekte bestaan. Die navorser bly hoopvol dat deur ʼn herlees van die tekste die Chewa kultuur en missionêre verlede, asook die ingesteldheid van mense, hulle houdings en oortuigings ten gunste van vroue in posisies van leierskap sal verander. Die navorsing het gepoog om die volgende vrae te beantwoord: (1) Tot watter mate het historiese en kulturele faktore en dan spesifiek faktore wat met die interpretasie van die Bybel verband hou, tot die gebrek aan vroue in posisies van leierskap in die CCAP Nkhoma Sinode, bygedra? (2) Om ondersoek te doen tot watter mate hierdie faktore ook deur middel van empiriese navorsing bevestig kon word, wel bewus van die kompleksiteit van die situasie. (3) Om op grond van laasgenoemde ondersoekend te kyk na moontlike alternatiewe maniere waarop die geskiedenis, die kultuur en die Bybel gelees kan word? Hierdie drie vrae was voortdurend in die gedagtes van die navorser en het die dryfkrag gegee in die navorser se soeke na die onderliggende redes wat tot die sentrale probleem bygedra het.
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Beda, Mthandazo. "Actors affecting financial sustainability of water and sewerage provision in Ccape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2997.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019Financial sustainability of water and sewerage provision is undermined by consumers’ inability and reluctance to pay service fees. Consequently, the escalation of operational and maintenance costs of water and sewerage provision is a major challenge facing South African municipalities. This study examines the provision of water and sewerage services and presents a strategic framework to manage revenue collection to achieve water and sewerage provision financial sustainability. The study applied interpretive epistemology research method. Content analysis was used to collect and analyse data for an improved understanding of service provision and revenue collection mantra. Unlike the other method such as the exploratory research method that provides a description of the observed phenomenon, an interpretive epistemology methodology provides deeper insights into management strategies that are required in order to achieve sustainable water and sewerage provision. The main objective of this study was to investigate factors affecting financial sustainability of water and sewerage provision in Cape Town. The qualitative data were analysed using content method of analysis to gain better meaning of the phenomenon being studied. The results show that although the water and sanitation department of the participating organisation is making efforts to generate revenue through implementing water and sanitation services payments, there are some residents who refuse to pay for services, resulting in revenue loss. The other reason for loss of revenue is unaccounted water which is the focus of the water and sewerage, demand management and strategy section; this is as a result of leaks, illegal connections, unregistered car wash bays, unmetered connections and informal settlement areas which do not get enough subsidies. The reasons advanced for unwillingness to pay for water and sanitation services by consumers were unemployment, poverty, unequal distribution of services and general ignorance. This study has found evidence of a reluctance toward service payment by participating consumers – requiring strategies to encourage rates payments.
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Murdoch, Matthew. "A CC1π+/CCQE cross-section ratio measurement on carbon using the T2K near detector." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/8195/.
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T2K is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment designed to measure the θ23 and θ13 mixing angles to high precision using νμ disappearance and νe appearance respectively. A major component of the T2K near detector is the electromagnetic calorimeter; the construction, commissioning and operation of the ECal is describe in detail in this thesis. T2K uses the dominant CCQE neutrino interaction as a clean and simple signal in oscillation measurements. However, other interaction processes interfere with the oscillation measurements, a large contribution to this interference for νμ analyses is from CC1π+ interactions. This thesis measures the νμ CC1π+/CCQE cross-section ratio on C8H8 using the T2K near detector. As an internal consistency check, the flux integrated ratio is calculated as RMC = 0.235 ± 0.019Stat ± 0.047Syst for MC and RData = 0.237. The ratio is also measured as a function of incident neutrino energy and finds an agreement with NEUTMC of χ2/NDOF = 6.6/6.
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St-Jules, Michael. "Secure Quantum Encryption." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35371.
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To the field of cryptography, quantum mechanics is a game changer. The exploitation of quantum mechanical properties through the manipulation of quantum information, the information encoded in the state of quantum systems, would allow many protocols in use today to be broken as well as lead to the expansion of cryptography to new protocols. In this thesis, quantum encryption, i.e. encryption schemes for quantum data, is defined, along with several definitions of security, broadly divisible into semantic security and ciphertext indistinguishability, which are proven equivalent, in analogy to the foundational result by Goldwasser and Micali. Private- and public-key quantum encryption schemes are also constructed from quantum-secure cryptographic primitives, and their security is proven. Most of the results are in the joint paper Computational Security of Quantum Encryption, to appear in the 9th International Conference on Information Theoretic Security (ICITS2016).
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Jambeck, Jenna Romness. "The disposal of CCA-treated wood in simulated landfills potential impacts /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006647.
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Albuquerque, Ruth Margaret. "The environmental effects of CCA-treated wood use in the sea." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1998. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.714464.
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Junges, Janaína. "Pirólise de madeira tratada com CCA em reator de leito fixo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2015. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1079.
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Os postes de madeira da rede de distribuição de energia elétrica são tratados com preservantes para aumentar sua vida útil. Dentre os diversos tipos de preservantes de madeira disponíveis no mercado, o mais utilizado é o arseniato de cobre cromatado (CCA), tendo em vista a sua elevada eficiência para preservar a madeira. A presença de metais nestes preservantes exige uma destinação adequada ao fim da vida útil do poste. O presente estudo propõe a utilização do processo de pirólise como uma alternativa para a destinação final dos postes de madeira removidos da rede de distribuição de energia elétrica. A pirólise da madeira tratada com CCA promove a liberação de compostos voláteis perigosos devido à presença dos metais (Cr/Cu/As) em sua composição. Com o intuito de minimizar estas emissões, reagentes de baixo custo (a base de cálcio) podem ser utilizados durante o processo pirolítico. Neste trabalho, foram avaliados os efeitos de diferentes parâmetros de operação (temperatura, tempo de isoterma, taxa de aquecimento, razão madeira/CaO e velocidade superficial) sobre a retenção dos metais no char da madeira tratada com CCA, bem como a influência dos compostos de cálcio sobre o poder calorífico do gás combustível gerado no processo de pirólise. A caracterização da madeira tratada com CCA indicou diferenças na composição química das frações testadas (C1-alburno externo, C2-alburno interno e C3-cerne), especialmente no teor de metais. As análises para a determinação da distribuição de metais indicaram que a concentração de compostos metálicos tende à zero na linha central do poste, de forma que a elevada concentração de metais está localizada na fração externa do poste. Na análise imediata, foi observado um teor mais elevado de cinzas na fração externa da madeira. Na Espectroscopia no Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) a madeira com CCA apresentou bandas similares a de uma biomassa convencional. Na Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA), observaram-se picos próximos a 276 e 354 ºC, referentes à degradação térmica das hemiceluloses e da celulose, respectivamente. A energia de ativação determinada pelo método de Kissinger foi próxima a 156 kJ·mol-1. A Ea média calculada no método de Flynn-Wall-Ozama foi de aproximadamente 153 kJ·mol-1 para C1, 182 kJ·mol-1 para C2 e 170 kJ·mol-1 para C3. Os mecanismos de reação no estado sólido verificados no método de Criado foram comandados, em sua maioria, por processos de difusão. Sob condições controladas de operação, (temperatura, tempo de residência e vazão de ar) o carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3) foi calcinado visando a obtenção de óxido de cálcio (CaO) com elevada área superficial. Os ensaios preliminares de calcinação indicaram que o CaO com maior área superficial foi obtido a 850 ºC com um tempo de residência de 5 min. Na primeira série de ensaios de pirólise verificou-se que à medida que CaO foi adicionado ao sistema, a emissão de metais e a produção de óleo foram inferiores. No segundo lote dos ensaios de pirólise, os efeitos preponderantes para a retenção dos metais no char foram a granulometria elevada das partículas, a adição de CaO e a taxa de aquecimento. Devido à adição de CaO, obteve-se menor concentração de CO2 e foi produzido um gás combustível com poder calorífico próximo a 25 MJ·Nm-3.Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2015-12-04T12:00:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Janaina Junges.pdf: 280866 bytes, checksum: b03a0ac95408121d4fa4ce8fd60796f8 (MD5)
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Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, CPFL
Wooden poles of the electricity distribution network are treated with preservatives to increase their shelf life. Among the various types of wood preservatives available on the market, the most used is the chromated copper arsenate (CCA), due to its high efficiency for preserving wood. The presence of metals in these preservatives requires proper disposal at the end of pole life. This study proposes the use of pyrolysis process (under controlled conditions) as an alternative to wooden poles disposal after removed from the electricity distribution network. The pyrolysis of CCA treated wood promotes the release of dangerous volatile compounds due to the presence of metals (Cr/Cu/As) in its composition. In order to minimize these emissions, low cost reagents (based on calcium) can be used during the pyrolytic process. In this work, the effect of different operating parameters (temperature, residence time, heating rate, wood/CaO ratio and superficial velocity) on the retention of metals in the char was evaluated, as well as the influence of calcium compounds on the calorific value of the fuel gas generated in the pyrolysis process. The characterization of CCA treated wood indicated differences in the chemical composition of the tested fractions (C1-sapwood, C2- outer core and C3-cord), especially in the metal content. The metals distribution analysis indicated that the concentration of metallic compounds tend to zero at the center of the pole, so the high concentration of metal is located on the outer portion. In the proximate analysis, a higher ash content on the outer portion was observed. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed bands very similar to a conventional biomass. In Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) peaks centered at 276 and 354 ºC were observed, relating to thermal degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose respectively. The activation energy determined by the Kissinger method was approximately 156 kJ·mol-1. The mean activation energy by the Flynn-Wall-Ozama method was 153 kJ·mol-1 for C1, 182 kJ·mol-1 for C2 and 170 kJ·mol-1 for C3. The degradation reaction mechanism determined by using the Criado is mostly controlled by diffusion processes. Under controlled operating conditions (temperature, residence time and air flow) calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was heated in order to obtain calcium oxide (CaO) with a higher surface area. Preliminary tests indicated that the calcination of CaO with greater surface area was obtained at 850 ºC with a residence time of 5 min. In the first series of pyrolysis tests, as CaO was added to the system, lesser metals emission and oil yield were observed. In the second set of pyrolysis tests, the relevant effects identified on the retention of metals was the high particle size of the wood, the addition of CaO and the heating rate. Due to the addition of CaO, the CO2 concentration was reduced and it was produced a combustible gas with a calorific value close to 25 MJ·Nm-3.
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Bailey, David Samuel. "The Feasibilty of Recycling CCA Treated Wood From Spent Residential Decks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31515.
Full textAbstract:
The amount of CCA treated wood being removed from spent residential decks is increasing at a tremendous rate. While most spent CCA treated wood is being disposed in landfills, further useful and environmentally beneficial alternatives have to be met. This research estimated the percentage of recoverable lumber from spent CCA decks that can be recycled into other usable products. Six residential decks were removed from service, by either demolition or deconstruction procedures. It was found that 86% of the CCA treated wood from the residential decks could be recovered as reusable CCA treated lumber. It was also found that deconstruction of a residential deck, rather than demolition, was not a factor in the volume of CCA treated wood recovered. Chemical and mechanical properties of the removed CCA treated wood were also analyzed. The chemical retention of the deck material proved that most of the spent CCA treated wood could be used in above ground applications. The stiffness of spent CCA treated wood from residential decks was approximately equal to that of recently treated CCA wood. The strength properties were slightly lower than recently treated CCA wood probably due mainly to physical and climatic degradation. Products were then produced that could be successfully utilized by recycling centers or community and government organizations. Products manufactured included, pallets, picnic tables, outdoor furniture, residential decks, and landscaping components. Waste management, recycling, and government organizations were interviewed to determine what markets and barriers exist for recycled CCA treated products. Most landfill and recycling facilities do not currently sort or recycle CCA treated wood, citing the main reason as a lack of a viable market. Potential users were interested in the material but citied they did not know where to locate the material. A communication barrier exists between the waste management industry, recyclers, and users; which is preventing the successful recycling of CCA treated wood from spent residential decks.Master of Science
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Wusik, Katie. "CCA Measurement of Cultural Competency in a Genetic Counseling Student Population." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1179376187.
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Gerencher, Eva. "Retention of chromated copper arsenate (CCA), a wood preservative, in soil." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27455.
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Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a biocidal chemical used by the wood preservation industry to extend the service life of wood products. CCA is currently the most commonly used wood preservative in British Columbia. Environmental concerns regarding the fate of CCA solutions accidentally released or chronically spilled to unpaved ground at wood preservation facilities has led to the present investigation on the retention and release of CCA constituents in soils.
Batch and column tests were used to evaluate the adsorption and desorption of arsenic, chromium and copper in several B.C. soils. Batch tests were carried out using varying concentrations of CCA and individual arsenic, chromium and copper solutions. Migration of arsenic, chromium and copper in a soil column following application of a single slug dose of 2% CCA solution was investigated. Continuous leach column experiments were also conducted to evaluate adsorption of CCA constituents in soils. The column soils were sectioned and subjected to a sequential extraction procedure following influent CCA solution breakthrough to determine the partitioning, mobility and availability of As, Cr and Cu. Results from the adsorption experiments were used to identify important soil characteristics influencing the attenuation of CCA in the subsurface environment.
Adsorption isotherm data was found to be well described by the Freundlich equation. The Fe and Al amorphous and crystalline hydrous oxide component of the soils studied was highly correlated with arsenic adsorption while the percent organic carbon was significantly correlated with chromium and copper retention in the soils. The clay content of the soils was poorly correlated with retention of CCA constituents in the soils studied.
Desorption of arsenic, chromium and copper from soils previously equilibrated with CCA solutions showed that the extent of metal release is dependent on the amount of metal retained. At high initial CCA solution concentrations chromium was desorbed to a greater extent than arsenic or copper. This result suggests the following order for mobility of CCA constituents in the soils: chromium > copper > arsenic. Chromium, and to a lesser extent copper, adsorption was lower in CCA equilibrated batch tests than in single solute batch tests, particularly at high initial metal solution concentrations. Arsenic adsorption was not affected by the presence of codissolved solutes in CCA solution.
The migration of arsenic, chromium and copper in a soil column following application of a single dose of 2% CCA revealed that chromium was the most mobile of the CCA constituents. Breakthrough curve plots showed that arsenic was the most strongly retained CCA constituent in both soils tested. Copper was also strongly retained in the soil columns however complete breakthrough was achieved indicating that the soils had reached a finite capacity for copper retention. Chromium was again the most weakly held CCA constituent in the continuous leach column test.
Partitioning of the metals in the column soils showed that arsenic, chromium and copper were largely associated with the ammonium oxalate extractable fraction. Only copper was found to have a significant amount of retained metal in the exchangeable pool.
The results suggest that environmental monitoring at CCA wood preservation facilities should focus on the potential for chromium migration in the subsurface.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Kurt, Aslihan. "The Regulatory Effect Of Ccar Activator On The Cephamycin C Gene Cluster Of Streptomyces Clavuligerus." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614004/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Streptomyces clavuligerus produces industrially important secondary metabolites such as cephamycin C (a &beta-lactam antibiotic) and clavulanic acid (a potent &beta
-lactamase inhibitor). Cephamycin C is active against penicillin-resistant bacteria due to presence of methoxyl group in C-7 position of cephalosporin nucleus. Clavulanic acid is prescribed in combination with &beta
-lactams for treatment of various bacterial infections. Cephamycin C and clavulanic acid gene clusters form &beta
-lactam supercluster in S. clavuligerus genome. CcaR (Cephamycin C-Clavulanic Acid Regulator), encoded by ccaR, located in cephamycin C gene cluster, is a positive regulator of &beta
-lactam supercluster. Previous studies on cephamycin C gene cluster have used different techniques, such as S1 nuclease (Paradkar et al., 1994), Northern blot (Perez-Llarena et al., 1997), and Western blot (Alexander and Jensen, 1998) to determine expression of cephamycin C genes at mRNA level and to identify their functions at protein level, and they have studied on different parts of the cluster. Hence, a comprehensive study is needed to understand molecular mechanisms of pathway-specific regulation of cephamycin C production by S. clavuligerus. In this study, time-dependent expression levels of cephamycin C gene cluster in a ccaR-disrupted mutant and ccaR-overexpressed recombinant strain of S. clavuligerus as compared to those in the wild strain were analysed by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. In addition, DNA-binding sequences of CcaR on cephamycin C gene cluster were examined by EMSA. The effect of ccaR disruption and overexpression on cephamycin C and clavulanic acid yields were determined by bioassay and HPLC. Three polycistronic and two monocistronic transcripts were obtained by RT-PCR. CcaR regulation showed its effect on mostly ccaR, lat, cmcI, cefD, blp and cefF expression levels. qRT-PCR data was supported by EMSA showing CcaR binding to lat, cefD&ndash
cmcI and ccaR promoters. ccaR overexpression from multi-copy recombinant plasmid resulted in significant increase in cephamycin C and clavulanic acid yields, making the respective recombinant strain as an attractive industrial strain. qRT-PCR data presented herein constitute the first that reveal the effect of CcaR activator on the expression of cephamycin C genes in a time-dependent manner.
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Klare, Kerstin [Verfasser], Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Musacchio, and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Westermann. "Functional organization of the CCAN protein complex / Kerstin Klare. Gutachter: Stefan Westermann. Betreuer: Andrea Musacchio." Duisburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1074102347/34.
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Anyongodi, Yvette Manda. "The use of market intelligence to improve market performance of retail SMMEs in Ccape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2995.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019The understanding of consumer’s needs and competitor’s activities, strategies and techniques is useful for the identification of marketing opportunities – aspects of market performance determination. But with growing consumer demand for improved product quality and increased competition, the use of market intelligence to understand needs, activities and strategies of consumers and competitors is needful for SMMEs. Objective: This study presents argument for the use of market intelligence to determine market performance through the understanding of needs, activities and strategies of consumers and competitors. Prior Work: Previous studies provided evidence that the marketing environment is both complex and dynamic with challenges and opportunities – supports the use of market intelligence and its positive impact on business performance. Methodology: This study adopted a positivist paradigm and utilised survey method to collect quantitative data from 30 purposive randomly selected respondents from retail SMMEs in Cape Town central district. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study found lack of understanding of market intelligence benefits amongst respondents with limited use to improve performance. Implications: The market performance and the understanding of market dynamics and complexities would be improved with training and development of retail SMME owners and managers in the use of market intelligence. Value: The understanding of SMMEs ability to use market intelligence is important for policy and strategic intervention to support and promote SMMEs development initiative and programme for success, economic growth and job creation.
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Wende, Sandra, Sonja Bonin, Oskar Götze, Heike Betat, and Mario Mörl. "The identity of the discriminator base has an impact on CCA addition." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-172120.
Full textAbstract:
CCA-adding enzymes synthesize and maintain the C-C-A sequence at the tRNA 3'-end, generating the attachment site for amino acids. While tRNAs are the most prominent substrates for this polymerase, CCA
additions on non-tRNA transcripts are described as well. To identify general features for substrate requirement, a pool of randomized transcripts was incubated with the human CCA-adding enzyme. Most
of the RNAs accepted for CCA addition carry an acceptor stem-like terminal structure, consistent with tRNA as the main substrate group for this enzyme. While these RNAs show no sequence conservation,
the position upstream of the CCA end was in most cases represented by an adenosine residue. In tRNA, this position is described as discriminator base, an important identity element for correct aminoacylation. Mutational analysis of the impact of the discriminator
identity on CCA addition revealed that purine bases (with a preference for adenosine) are strongly favoured over pyrimidines. Furthermore, depending on the tRNA context, a cytosine discriminator can
cause a dramatic number of misincorporations during CCA addition. The data correlate with a high frequency of adenosine residues at the discriminator position observed in vivo. Originally identified as a
prominent identity element for aminoacylation, this position represents a likewise important element for efficient and accurate CCA addition.
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Camerin, Ida Maria Piovesan Dal Pozzo. "O discurso quotidiano no CCA- Centro de Convivencia de Afasicos (IEL/UNICAMP)." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270350.
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Orientadora: Edwiges Maria MoratoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Este estudo dedica-se à descrição da conversa quotidiana e à análise do discurso quotidiano no Centro de Convivência de Afásicos, localizado no espaço físico do Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem (IEL), da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar que o discurso quotidiano não se apaga frente à afasia, ao contrário, está presente nas atividades desenvolvidas no Programa de Linguagem do CCA, cujos recursos metodológicos (o uso de agenda individual e coletiva, bem como a retomada conjunta do noticiário da semana), contribuem decisivamente na construção tanto de um quotidiano, quanto de um discurso quotidiano do próprio Centro.O CCA é um espaço de interação entre pessoas afásicas e não afásicas que surgiu em 1990, não apenas para dar assistência clínico-terapêutica a sujeitos afásicos a partir de uma abordagem clínica e reabilitadora diferente dos moldes tradicionais, mas também desenvolver atividades de ensino, pesquisa e docência nos estudos entre linguagem, cérebro e cognição.Sirvo-me, na orientação teórica deste trabalho, da concepção enunciativo-discursiva de conversa quotidiana proposta por Mattos (1998:15), segundo a qual a conversa é um ato social materializado pelo discurso enquanto prática social que mantém em funcionamento ¿as relações interpessoais , isto é, ela não se dá ¿em vão¿, mas para estabelecer, conservar, transformar as relações entre amigos, parentes, fregueses, conhecidos e desconhecidos, etc¿. Sendo a conversa quotidiana o lugar de transformações das relações entre sujeitos, ela parece transformar as relações dos sujeitos presentes no espaço discursivo do CCA, numa espécie de comunidade de fala. Essa transformação ocorre através da formação do ¿common ground¿, ou seja, o lugar comum que leva os sujeitos a terem uma identificação enquanto grupo social. No caso do CCA, é provável que o ¿common ground¿ seja instituído pelo discurso quotidiano, que é propriamente a prática em comum dos sujeitos no espaço de interação e convivência do Centro
Abstract:This study is about the description of the quotidian conversation and the analysis of the quotidian discourse at ¿Centro de Convivência de Afásicos¿, located in the physical space of ¿Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem¿ (IEL), from ¿Universidade Estadual de Campinas¿. This work has the objective to show that the quotidian discourse doesn¿t disappear to the aphasia, on the contrary, it is present in the activities developed in the language program of ¿CCA¿, whose methodological resources, (the usage of individual and collective agenda as well as the joint resumption of the weekly news), contribute decisively to the construction of either a quotidian and a quotidian discourse of the own Center.¿CCA¿ is a space for interaction between aphasic and non-aphasic people, created in 1990, not just to give clinical and therapeutic assistance to the aphasic through a clinical and rehabilitative approach different from the traditional patterns, but also to develop teaching activities, research and teaching in the studies involving the language, the brain and the cognition. I make use of the proposition and discursive conception of quotidian conversation, in the theoretical orientation of this work, proposed by Mattos (1998:15), according to whom conversation is an act materialized by the discourse while social practice that makes the interpersonal relations go on in operation, that is, it doesn¿t show up for no reason, but to establish, maintain, transform the relations among friends, relatives, customers, acquaintances and non-acquaintances, etc. For the quotidian conversation is a place for transformation of relations among subjects, it seems to transform the present subjects¿ relations in the discursive space of ¿CCA¿, in a kind of speaking community. This transformation occurs through the ¿common ground¿ formation, that is, the common place that leads the subjects to have identification as a social group. In the case of ¿CCA¿, it is probable that the ¿common ground¿ will be instituted by the quotidian discourse, that is exactly the subjects¿ common practice in the conviviality and interactive space in the Center
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestre em Linguística
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Ajide, Olushola. "A critical assessment of corporate community engagement (CCE) in the Niger Delta." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2449.
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This thesis makes a new contribution to the field of corporate social responsibility in the area of corporate community engagement (CCE) and public relations in the area of organization-public relationships (OPRs). The thesis focuses on the Nigerian oil and gas industry community relationship in the Niger Delta region. This study provides valuable insights into how CCE works for enhancing stakeholder relationship and other desirable outcomes and thereby contributes to the growing body of knowledge on CSR in public relations. For the practice of CCE, this study reinforces the importance of relationship management as a viable and robust strategy that can bring long-term benefits both to organizations and society in general. A qualitative approach was adopted as it is considered appropriate for the research, which focuses on assessing stakeholders’ views regarding the relationship between oil and gas company and their host community in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Also, exploring how the stakeholders juxtapose their understanding of the relationship determinants between the oil and gas company and their host community. Semi-structured interviews served as the primary source of data collection from various stakeholders during fieldwork in Nigeria. Secondary methods served a crucial but minor role and were used primarily for the purpose of the researcher as a tool to double check the interview findings. Thirty-five respondents provided their views and opinions concerning the relationship between the oil and gas companies and communities in the region. The study uncovered the importance of culture, social awareness, social identity, corruption, insecurity, mediation and weak institutional structures as crucial predictors of relationship determinants for the oil and gas companies during engagement with their host communities. Moreover, this study explored the research on relationship success determinants key constructs (i.e. control mutuality, trust, commitment and satisfaction) to a qualitative assessment. Also, the developed framework emphasised the need for using these factors for assessing and building a successful long term relationship. Another key finding was that there is a significant difference between how multinational oil companies (MNOCs) and indigenous oil companies (INOCs) engage with the community. This finding suggests that the INOCs have a better approach in the engagement of host communities.
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Matos, Rita Maria Cerejeira. "Efeitos do crómio-cobre-arsenato (CCA) em ratinhos : estudos morfológicos e analíticos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/761.
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Mestrado em ToxicologiaO Crómio-Cobre-Arsenato (CCA) é um protector da madeira, contendo crómio, cobre e arsénio. Apesar de em 2002, a agência de protecção ambiental (EPA) ter limitado a utilização da madeira tratada com CCA, a contaminação do ambiente e o perigo para a saúde pública permanece, devido à grande durabilidade desta madeira. O principal objectivo deste trabalho foi analisar a toxicidade aguda do CCA em ratinhos. O desenvolvimento e optimização de uma metodologia de quantificação do arsénio e do crómio total nos rins de ratinhos foi também um outro objectivo. Realizaram-se experiências para caracterizar os efeitos causados pelo CCA e pelos compostos individuais (pentóxido de arsénio – As2O5) e (trióxido de crómio – CrO3) em vários órgãos de ratinhos. Os animais foram divididos em dezasseis grupos, correspondendo a diferentes tempos de exposição. Os grupos de tratamento receberam uma injecção subcutânea (0,3 mL) de CCA, CrO3 e As2O5. Aos animais controlo foi administrado o veículo (soro fisiológico). Após 14h, 24h, 48h e 96h procedeu-se ao abate dos animais e à remoção dos rins, timo, fígado, baço, testículo e epidídimo. Realizaram-se análises histológicas e histoquímicas dos rins de animais provenientes de todos os grupos. Procedeu-se a estudos de citometria de fluxo (FCM) para a análise do ciclo celular. Efectuou-se ainda um estudo preliminar para determinação da actividade da catalase (CAT) e da glutationa – S – transferase (GST) em amostras de rim. Por fim, realizou-se uma análise quantitativa destes compostos por espectrometria de absorção atómica com atomização electrotérmica (GFAAS), após a digestão das amostras pela tecnologia de microondas. O estudo histológico revelou necrose tubular aguda (ATN) nos animais expostos ao CCA e ao CrO3. Contudo, não se observaram quaisquer lesões significativas nos outros órgãos. Por esta razão, o estudo foi direccionado para o rim. A análise por citometria de fluxo (FCM) evidenciou a existência de diferenças significativas no ciclo celular dos grupos expostos ao As2O5 e ao CCA. Os ensaios bioquímicos revelaram uma tendência para a diminuição da actividade das enzimas CAT e GST, embora sem diferenças estatísticas significativas. A análise quantitativa demonstrou uma diminuição progressiva da acumulação de crómio e de arsénio nos rins. Por outro lado, observou-se que a distribuição de crómio e de arsénio era diferente para os diferentes grupos de tratamento. Por fim, o presente trabalho permite concluir que a nefrotoxicidade provocada pelo CCA nos ratinhos é muito mais acentuada do que a induzida pelo As2O5 e pelo CrO3, e alerta para o potencial tóxico do CCA para a saúde pública. ABSTRACT: Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a chemical wood preservative protecting timber from natural deterioration, containing chromium, copper and arsenic. Although on 2002, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had limited the use of CCA-treated wood, the environment contamination and the hazard to the public health will pursue due to the durability of this wood for 60 years. The main aim of the present work was the assessment of the acute toxicity of CCA, using mice as models. The development of a quantification methodology for chromium and arsenic in mice kidneys was another goal. In these studies, it was designed a set of experiments to investigate the effects caused by CCA, and the individual effects induced by arsenic pentoxide (As2O5) and chromium trioxide (CrO3) in thymus, liver, spleen, testis, epididymis and kidney. Sixteen groups of five animals each were considered in these studies, corresponding to different times of exposure. Treated groups received a single subcutaneous injection (0,3mL) of CCA, CrO3 and As2O5. In addition, control animals were administrated with the vehicle only. Following 14h, 24h, 48h and 96h animals were sacrificed, for organs removal. Afterwards, body and organs weights were also recorded. Subsequently, histology and histochemistry analysis was done. Furthermore, flow cytometry (FCM) approach was also considered for determination of cell cycle. Additionally, a set of preliminary enzyme assays was done to study the oxidative stress stimulated by these treatments. At last, the quantification of these compounds was also performed in kidney samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), after the digestion of the samples by microwave technology. The histology results, as confirmed by histochemistry, revealed acute tubular necrosis (ATN) induced by CCA and CrO3. Moreover, while FCM analysis revealed differences in cell cycle, enzyme assays showed a tendency to the decrease of the activities of CAT and GST. Finally, quantitative assays demonstrated a progressive decrease of the accumulation of CCA, arsenic and chromium during de exposure time, although no changes were observed within the other organs. For this reason, kidneys were carefully investigated. These results indicated that CCA-induced nephrotoxicity was more prominent than those caused by As2O5, and CrO3, which is an alert for its potential toxic effects on human health.
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Sun, Fangzheng. "Kernel Coherence Encoders." Digital WPI, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/252.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, we introduce a novel model based on the idea of autoencoders. Different from a classic autoencoder which reconstructs its own inputs through a neural network, our model is closer to Kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis (KCCA) and reconstructs input data from another data set, where these two data sets should have some, perhaps non-linear, dependence. Our model extends traditional KCCA in a way that the non-linearity of the data is learned through optimizing a kernel function by a neural network. In one of the novelties of this thesis, we do not optimize our kernel based upon some prediction error metric, as is classical in autoencoders. Rather, we optimize our kernel to maximize the "coherence" of the underlying low-dimensional hidden layers. This idea makes our method faithful to the classic interpretation of linear Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). As far we are aware, our method, which we call a Kernel Coherence Encoder (KCE), is the only extent approach that uses the flexibility of a neural network while maintaining the theoretical properties of classic KCCA. In another one of the novelties of our approach, we leverage a modified version of classic coherence which is far more stable in the presence of high-dimensional data to address computational and robustness issues in the implementation of a coherence based deep learning KCCA.
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Chilenje, Victor. "The origin and development of the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP) in Zambia, 1882-2004 /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/817.
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