Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'CCA wood'
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Albuquerque, Ruth Margaret. "The environmental effects of CCA-treated wood use in the sea." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1998. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.714464.
Full textGerencher, Eva. "Retention of chromated copper arsenate (CCA), a wood preservative, in soil." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27455.
Full textLand and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
Bailey, David Samuel. "The Feasibilty of Recycling CCA Treated Wood From Spent Residential Decks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31515.
Full textMaster of Science
Jambeck, Jenna Romness. "The disposal of CCA-treated wood in simulated landfills potential impacts /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006647.
Full textJunges, Janaína. "Pirólise de madeira tratada com CCA em reator de leito fixo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2015. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1079.
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Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, CPFL
Wooden poles of the electricity distribution network are treated with preservatives to increase their shelf life. Among the various types of wood preservatives available on the market, the most used is the chromated copper arsenate (CCA), due to its high efficiency for preserving wood. The presence of metals in these preservatives requires proper disposal at the end of pole life. This study proposes the use of pyrolysis process (under controlled conditions) as an alternative to wooden poles disposal after removed from the electricity distribution network. The pyrolysis of CCA treated wood promotes the release of dangerous volatile compounds due to the presence of metals (Cr/Cu/As) in its composition. In order to minimize these emissions, low cost reagents (based on calcium) can be used during the pyrolytic process. In this work, the effect of different operating parameters (temperature, residence time, heating rate, wood/CaO ratio and superficial velocity) on the retention of metals in the char was evaluated, as well as the influence of calcium compounds on the calorific value of the fuel gas generated in the pyrolysis process. The characterization of CCA treated wood indicated differences in the chemical composition of the tested fractions (C1-sapwood, C2- outer core and C3-cord), especially in the metal content. The metals distribution analysis indicated that the concentration of metallic compounds tend to zero at the center of the pole, so the high concentration of metal is located on the outer portion. In the proximate analysis, a higher ash content on the outer portion was observed. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed bands very similar to a conventional biomass. In Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) peaks centered at 276 and 354 ºC were observed, relating to thermal degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose respectively. The activation energy determined by the Kissinger method was approximately 156 kJ·mol-1. The mean activation energy by the Flynn-Wall-Ozama method was 153 kJ·mol-1 for C1, 182 kJ·mol-1 for C2 and 170 kJ·mol-1 for C3. The degradation reaction mechanism determined by using the Criado is mostly controlled by diffusion processes. Under controlled operating conditions (temperature, residence time and air flow) calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was heated in order to obtain calcium oxide (CaO) with a higher surface area. Preliminary tests indicated that the calcination of CaO with greater surface area was obtained at 850 ºC with a residence time of 5 min. In the first series of pyrolysis tests, as CaO was added to the system, lesser metals emission and oil yield were observed. In the second set of pyrolysis tests, the relevant effects identified on the retention of metals was the high particle size of the wood, the addition of CaO and the heating rate. Due to the addition of CaO, the CO2 concentration was reduced and it was produced a combustible gas with a calorific value close to 25 MJ·Nm-3.
Green, C. "Studies of the interactions of CCA and ACA preservative treated wood with soil." Thesis, University of Abertay Dundee, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382207.
Full textHuang, Chen. "Study on the manufacturing technology of cement-bonded particleboard using CCA-treated wood." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ46257.pdf.
Full textAlmeida, Andréa de Souza. "Influência da impregnação contra demanda biológica em propriedades físico-mecânicas de madeiras tropicais brasileiras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2019. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-21032019-085555/.
Full textThe chemical preservation aims to protect the wood against any deteriorating actions, be they consequences of physical-chemical phenomena, such as weathering, or biological phenomena, such as xylophagous organisms. In Brazil, the most used preservatives in the preservation plants are Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) and Chromated Copper Borate (CCB). Both are applied to the wood through the vacuum-pressure process, which in theory could increase the amount of surface defects and decrease the values of the physical-mechanical properties of the wood. Currently, due to the availability in the market (due to the implantation of certified areas in Brazil) of medium to low density wood species, the question of the need for preservation against biological demand is an aspect of fundamental importance to ensure the alternatives of supply of this material for the construction of structures, whose durability is equivalent to the wood of species of consecrated use, such as Jatobá, Sucupira, Garapa and Itaúba, for example In this context, the present work had as objective to investigate the influence of the treatments with the preservatives CCA and CCB on physical-mechanical properties of the following species of Brazilian tropical woods: Simarouba amara (C20), Cedrelinga catenaeformis (C30) e Erisma uncinatum Warm (C40), chosen in an attempt to cover the three lower resistance classes, according to what ABNT NBR 7190:1997 prescribes. The complete characterization of each species in the three types of treatments (No treatment - Ref: CCA; CCB) was performed for the subsequent application of the Tukey\'s multiple comparison test, evaluated at the 5% level of significance. To evaluate the behavior of the preservatives at the cellular level, photomicrographs were generated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and their respective EDS spectra. The results obtained showed that both chemical treatments did not affect significantly the values of the physical-mechanical properties of the studied species.
Mercer, Theresa. "An experimental study of the environmental impacts of CCA-treated wood waste land application." Thesis, University of Hull, 2010. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:2683.
Full textBrown, Craig John. "The impact of copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA) wood preservatives on non target marine organisms." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500600.
Full textRaghuyal, Syrish. "Characterisation and waste management of the CCA treated wood arising from an integrated steelworks." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/60040/.
Full textSmith, Paul M. "An analysis of the retail customer of CCA pressure treated lumber, timbers and plywood." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77844.
Full textPh. D.
Freitas, Viviane de Paula e. "Variações na retenção de CCA-A em estacas de Pinus após 21 anos de exposição em campo de apodrecimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-20082002-141407/.
Full textThe durability of treated wood in direct ground contact is mainly determined, by the concentration of preservative in wood, usually defined as retention. Among the products used to preserve wood, specialized literature aggress about CCA (chromated copper arsenate) as one of the most efficients, with citations of durability above 40 years. However, product loss along exposure time is also noticed, which could compromise its efficiency. This research has as objective, to quantify the current retention of CCA type A in Pinus stakes, after 21 years of exposure in field test, trying to relate the level of retention to the possible product loss and to wood durability . The material on trial was collected from a stake field test (IUFRO Standard); in order to quantify the current retention through spectroscopy atomic absorption technique and to compare the results with the initial retention. It was possible to prove the CCA-A loss in the treated wood, which is directly related to the level of initial retention. From individual preservative components, copper (CuO), showed the biggest loss, while chromium (CrO3) showed the lesser one. As a result, the remanaing CCA-A in the lumber turned unbalanced. However, the reduction observed in the retention of the CCA-A, until this moment, did not affect the durability of preserved wood.
Taylor, James L. "Effect of exposure conditions on leaching of chromated copper arsenate, CCA-C, from treated wood." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63049.pdf.
Full textHasan, Abdel Fattah Rasem. "Studies on Weathered Waterborne Treated Wood: Leaching of Metals during Service and Metals Based Detection upon Recycle." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/472.
Full textQi, Hucheng. "Leaching, hydration and physical-mechanical properties of spent chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood-cement composites." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58808.pdf.
Full textDubey, Brajesh Kumar. "Comparison of environmental impacts of wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA)and three different arsenic-free preservatives." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013092.
Full textKakitani, Tomo. "Designing and Development of Novel Chelating Method for Extraction of Heavy Metals from Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)-treated Wood." Kyoto University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124024.
Full textMisra, Anadi. "Evaluation of sorbent technology to prevent heavy metal emission and leaching from combustion of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014900.
Full textNiyobuhungiro, Rissa Vénérande. "An investigation of CCA-treated wood in informal caterers' fuel stocks and related airborne arsenic in the Cape Town region." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12093.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references.
In developing countries, energy poverty remains a challenge, impacting on the environment, health, security and well-being of an estimated 3 billion people. Fuel wood remains an important but environmentally problematic fuel in this context. The urban poor are known to make use not only of harvested but also of waste timber. Prior studies in Cape Town indicated substantial uses of fuel wood by informal communities for thermal requirements, such as cooking and heating by both households and informal and formal caterers.This dissertation therefore aims to determine whether, and how, informal urban caterers and their clients are exposed to toxicity risks arising from Chromium, Copper and Arsenic in their fuel-wood.
Schneid, Eduardo. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE POSTES DE MADEIRA PARA USO NA REDE ELÉTRICA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8712.
Full textWood poles used in electrical lines were from Eucalyptus species. These poles should present adequate mechanical characteristics in order to ensure the security and structure of electrical lines. Wood poles should be treated with products able to protect the wood against insects and fungus to increase service life. Taking these into account, this study aims to evaluate mechanical properties of wood poles and qualify preservative treatment used in the wood poles. Mechanical evaluation of wood poles was performed through nondestructive tests of ultrasonic wave propagation and destructive tests according to NBR 6231 (ABNT, 1980) in order to establish a method to estimate mechanical properties through nondestructive tests. Preservative treatments through full-cell method were carried out for 60, 90 and 120 minutes with pressure of 10 and 12 kgf/cm2 using a CCA-C preservative solution. Tests of penetration and retention of the solution were performed to evaluating the preservative treatments. Chemical analysis of wood was done through extractives content, Klason lignin content and infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). The evaluation of mechanical properties showed not significant correlation coefficients between MOEeng. and dynamic modulus of elasticity, proving the inefficiency of nondestructive method in this study. The results of preservative treatments showed that CCA-C penetration on wood was deep and irregular in 50-70% of poles for both species. On the other hand, retention did not present the minimum value required by NBR 8456 (ABNT, 1984). This analysis showed that higher pressure and time of treatment, higher is CCA-C retention. Wood from both species presented similar results for extractives content and Klason lignin content. Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) technique did not show a efficiency to predict the chemical modification in treated wood.
Os postes de madeira que são utilizados nas redes elétricas no Brasil são oriundos, na sua grande maioria, de madeira da espécie Eucalyptus. Esses postes devem apresentar características mecânicas adequadas garantindo segurança a estrutura das redes. Para garantir uma maior vida útil, a madeira dos postes deve receber tratamento preservativo com soluções capazes de resistir ataques de insetos e fungos degradadores da madeira. Sendo assim, o presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar as propriedades mecânicas e qualificar o tratamento preservativo utilizado nos postes de madeira. A avaliação das propriedades mecânicas dos postes de madeira foi realizada por meio de testes não destrutivos de propagação de ondas de ultrassom e testes mecânicos destrutivos conforme a norma NBR 6231 (ABNT, 1980), a fim de estabelecer uma metodologia, com intuito de estimar as propriedades mecânicas da madeira por meio de ensaio não destrutivos. Também foram realizados tratamentos preservativos por meio do processo de célula cheia em períodos de 60, 90 e 120 minutos com pressão de 10 e 12 kgf/cm², utilizando a solução preservante Arseniato de Cobre Cromatado tipo C (CCA-C). Na avaliação do tratamento preservativo da madeira, foram realizados testes de penetração e retenção da solução preservativa. Ainda, realizaram-se análises químicas da madeira, por meio da quantificação de teor de extrativos, teor de lignina Klason e análises qualitativas com ensaios de espectroscopia no infravermelho (ATR-IR). Na avaliação das propriedades mecânicas dos postes de madeira, observaram-se coeficientes de correlação não significativos ente MOEeng. e módulo de elasticidade dinâmico, evidenciando a ineficiência do método não destrutivo no presente estudo. Os resultados para os tratamentos preservativos mostraram que a penetração do CCA-C na madeira foi profunda e irregular em 50 a 70% dos postes de ambas as espécies. Já as análises de retenção, mostraram que a maioria dos postes de madeira não apresentaram as retenções mínimas exigidas pela norma NBR 8456 (ABNT, 1984). Ainda, essas análises mostraram que quanto maior a pressão aplicada e maior o tempo de tratamento, melhores são os resultados para a retenção do CCA-C. As madeiras de ambas as espécies apresentaram resultados semelhantes tanto para o teor de extrativos quanto para o teor de lignina Klason. Já a técnica de espectroscopia no infravermelho (ATR-IR) não apresentou eficiência quanto à predição de modificações químicas na madeira tratada.
Amneklev, Jennie. "Diffuse emissions from goods - influences on some societal end products." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46805.
Full textLeduc, Frédéric. "Linking the neuropeptide annetocin with reproductive success of the earthworm Eisenia fetida in two natural soils amended with the wood preservatives chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ)." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82274.
Full textFerreira, Bruno Santos [UNESP]. "Avaliação do desempenho de compensados de Pinus taeda submetidos a tratamento térmico e químico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151720.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O setor madeireiro tem crescido nos últimos anos no Brasil, visto que o país possui vastas áreas com florestas de reflorestamento. Entretanto, com o passar dos anos, tem crescido a consciência de uma melhor utilização das matérias-primas, inclusive da madeira. Neste contexto, surgem os painéis à base de madeira, os quais utilizam melhor as toras, que podem ser de diferentes dimensões. Dentre estes painéis, destaca-se o compensado laminado, que é um painel produzido com um número ímpar de lâminas de madeira, dispostas perpendicularmente umas às outras com relação a direção da grã. Este painel possui ampla utilização, principalmente na indústria moveleira e na construção civil, podendo ser utilizado em construções do tipo wood frame. Além disso, o compensado necessita passar por algum processo de tratamento contra o ataque de fungos, insetos e intempéries. Assim, este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar a influência de tratamentos preservativos nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas do compensado laminado de Pinus taeda. Para isso, foi realizada a termorretificação, com três diferentes temperaturas (160°C, 180°C e 200°C) e o tratamento químico com CCA. Foram realizados os tratamentos das lâminas antes da produção do compensado e os tratamentos dos painéis já produzidos, sem prévio tratamento das lâminas, com o intuito de avaliar qual forma de tratamento é a mais adequada. Foram realizadas as análises de teor de extrativos totais, molhabilidade das lâminas, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e testes físicos e mecânicos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os tratamentos de termorretificação e o tratamento com CCA melhoraram a estabilidade dimensional do painel compensado, devido às alterações químicas ocorridas na madeira. Além disso, ambos os tratamentos diminuíram a resistência mecânica à flexão estática e a qualidade de colagem. Entretanto, todos os tratamentos continuaram a atender as especificações mínimas de órgãos normativos. Com base em todas as análises concluiu-se que a termorretificação do painel a 200°C mostrou-se mais adequada.
The forestry sector has grown recently in Brazil, since the country has vast reforestation fields. However, over the years, there has been growing the consciousness of a better use of raw materials, including wood. In this context arise the wood based panels, which make better use of logs, which may be of different dimensions. Among these panels is highlighted the plywood, which is a panel produced with an odd number of wood veneers arranged perpendicularly to each other with respect to the grain direction. This panel has wide application, especially in the furniture industry and in construction and can be used in wood frame type construction. Besides that, the plywood needs to undergo some treatment process against the attack of fungi, insects and weatherproof. Thus, this study aims to analyze the influence of preservative treatments on physical and mechanical properties of Pinus taeda plywood. To this were performed the heat treatment with three different temperatures (160 °, 180 ° C and 200 ° C) and chemical treatment with CCA. It was carried out the veneers treatments before the production of plywood and the panel treatment, without prior veneers treatment, in order to assess which form of treatment is most appropriate. The analyzes of extractive content, veneers wettability, scanning electron microscopy and physical and mechanical tests were performed. The results showed that the heat treatment and CCA treatment improved the dimensional stability of the plywood due to chemical changes in the wood. In addition, both treatments decreased mechanical strength in static bending and bonding quality. However, all treatments continued to meet the minimum specifications of specialized organs. Based on all the analyzes it was concluded that the heat treatment of the panel at 200°C was more adequate.
Junior, Sergio Matias Pereira. "Determinação de cobre, cromo e arsênio em madeira preservada (Eucalyptus sp.) pelas espectrometrias de fluorescências de raios X." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-09022015-095042/.
Full textBrazil produces around 2.2 millions of cubic meters of treated wood to meet the annual demand of railway, electric, rural and construction sectors. The most used wood species are eucalyptus (Eucalyptus ssp.) and pine (Pinus ssp.).The treated woods used for poles, sleepers, fence posts and plywoods should be according to Brazilian norms requirements. The most usual wood preservative products used in Brazil are CCA (chromated copper arsenate) and CCB (copper chromium and boron salt). The analytical methods, such as flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), plasma inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRFS) have been used for the analytical control of those treatment processes. In this work, the eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus ssp) samples was obtained from Minas Gerais State, Brazil, cut plantation areas. Under pressure, eucalyptus wood samples were submitted to different concentration of CCA solution reaching 3.9, 6.7, 9.1, 12.4 and 14.0 kg of CCA by m-³ sapwood retentions. Samples in cylinders and sawdust forms were obtained from treated wood samples. Copper, chromium and arsenic determination was performed using the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRFS), portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (PXRFS), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and instrumental neutron activation analysis. In this work, the method of analysis, sensitivity, precision and accuracy performances of the related techniques were outlined.
Bertolini, Marília da Silva. "Emprego de resíduos de Pinus sp tratado com preservante CCB na produção de chapas de partículas homogêneas utilizando resina poliuretana à base de mamona." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-26042011-121731/.
Full textCCB (chromium, copper and boron sales) has risen as an alternative to CCA, because of its toxicity level and, in several cases, conferring high properties to treated wood. In Brazil, some evaluations show that nearly 15 to 20% (something like 240.000 \'M POT.3\'/year) of this wood are residues generated by processing phases, without taking in account pos-used product. Besides, Brazilian particleboard industry produces 2.500.000 \'M POT.3\'/year. Observing wood based panels demand improvement and sustainable products search, the aim of this work is to confirm feasibility of producing particleboards with CCB treated Pinus sp residues and polyurethane resin based on castor oil. Different production parameters were employed in order to optimize process conditions, like: particles (1300g and 1400g); adhesive percentage (12 and 15%); pressure time (10 and 12 minutes). Particles were characterized by their physical and morphological properties. Panels\' performance was determined based on their physical and mechanical properties, as prescript in Brazilian Code NBR 14810-3 (2006). Special specimens were used in order to evaluate influence of accelerated aging as proposed in ASTM G155 (1999). Morphological aspects were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry. Active ingredients retention was also determined to establish casual lost after producing process. Results show excellent physical and mechanical properties, some of them 50% higher than NBR14810-3 and international codes requirements. Feasibility of producing particleboards like those studied was demonstrated as well as potential of their employing in same uses of commercial boards.
Senga, kiesse Silao Esperance. "Valorisation énergétique des déchets de bois traités par voies thermochimiques (pyrolyse et hydroliquéfaction) : Application aux bois traités aux sels de CCB (cuivre-chrome-bore)." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813887.
Full textGomes, Helena Isabel Caseiro Rego. "Location model for CCA-treated - wood waste remediation units." Master's thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/3648.
Full textThere is growing concern about the environmental impacts and increasing difficulty to dispose preservative treated wood products at the end of their service life. In the next decades, in Portugal, a significant increase is expected in the amounts of treated wood that annually needs to be properly disposed. The recycling of these wastes, containing chromium, copper and arsenic (in the case of CCA-treated wood), should only be made after its remediation, so planning and optimisation of the remediation units locations is of major importance. The objective of this study is the development of a location model to optimise the location of remediation plants for the treatment of CCA-treated wood waste for further recycling, minimizing costs and respecting environmental criteria. The location model was implemented with geographic information using Geographic Information Systems (ArcGIS 8.2 © ESRI). All the uses of treated wood products were considered, using soil occupation data and the results of a questionnaire sent to wood preservation industries. Two different clustering methods (Self-Organizing Maps and K-means) were tested in different conditions to solve the multisource Weber problem using SOMToolbox for MATLAB. The solutions obtained with our data and with both clustering methods make sense and could be used to decide on the location of these plants. SOM has provided more robust and reproducible results than k-means, with the disadvantage of longer computing times. The main advantage of k-means, compared to SOM, is the reduced computing time allied to the fact that it allows us to obtain the best solutions in the majority of the cases, in spite of bigger variances and more geographical dispersion.
Hajizadeh, Moghaddam Azita. "Leaching of heavy metals from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood." Thesis, 2002. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/1916/1/MQ77679.pdf.
Full textWu, Pie-Hua, and 巫沛華. "Study on Hazard Analysis of Chromium-leached for CCA-Treated Wood." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25512996406372265725.
Full text國立屏東科技大學
木材科學與設計系所
99
Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a common wood preservative. However, Taiwan has banned the use of the product for some constructions on April 1, 2007 because it is a human carcinogen and possibly poses a potential risk to groundwater. As a result, CCA-treated wood as a solid waste will be concerned with its treatment and disposal in the current and future. In the present study, the experimental CCA-treated wood materials were tested using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and isothermal shaking water bath test leaching procedure to identify chromium concentrations by colorimetric and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods. It was found that all of leached chromium concentrations were below the official standard designated by the Environmental Protection Administration. Furthermore, the results of the leaching experiments showed that the pH of the leachants, and density and particle size of CCA-treated woods have significant effects on the leaching process, higher leached metal concentrations in light and small size woods and low pH environment. Based on the experimental results, it was suggested that the CCA-treated woods should be separated from woody waste. The segregated CCA-treated woods were further treated using extraction to reduce their toxic metal hazards prior to the recycling or the reuse as energy sources.
Uy, Rolando S. "Effects of CCA treatment and re-drying on the mechanical properties of radiata pine." Master's thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144237.
Full textFerreira, Cristina Carneiro. "Impact of chromated-cooper-arsenate (CCA) - treated wood on the marine environment." Master's thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/12282.
Full textPanels of chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA)-treated wood and control wood were immersed in coastal areas (Sagres: Portugal; Portsmouth: U.K.). Fouling organisms (Myfilus spp.) were collected after 12 and 18 months of wood immersion for metal (Cr and Cu) analysis in the soft tissues. Heavy metal levels in the mussels were compared between the different places and time of sampling. The effect of CCA loadings on metal concentrations was detennined. Small wood blocks of CCA-treated wood and control wood were immersed in sea-water, in laboratory conditions. Metal (Cr and Cu) concentrations in leachate solutions were monitorized. Metal release rate was determined and its relationship with leaching time and with CCA loading was investigated. Artemia salina survival exposed to leachate solutions was assessed. Chromium levels in the organisms from Portsmouth Were lower than in the ones from Sagres. There was not a significant relationship between CCA loading and chromium levels. Copper levels in the organisms from Sagres (12 months) were significantly higher than in the remaining samples; these organisms also presented higher copper concentrations with higher CCA loading; this relationship was absent in the remaining samples. Little or no chromium was released from the small blocks, while significant amounts of copper were released from the treated blocks. The release rate was similar between the different CCA loadings studied and decreased with time according to the relationship: |IgCu/cmg/h = a t"' (a and b are constants and b>0). There Were not lethal effects on A. salina from the exposure to leachate solutions. The observed results were discussed in relation to some biological and physicochemical factors.
Wood, Connell. "Examination of the potential for reuse of chromated copper arsenate wood waste by nitric acid pulping." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69311.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Chemical Engineering, 2011
Chen, Pin-Jui, and 陳品叡. "Extraction of Chromium, Copper, and Arsenic from CCA Treated Wood by Using Chelating Agents." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15983927977972400209.
Full text國立臺灣大學
森林環境暨資源學研究所
99
Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is the most widely used wood preservative. It is formulated with copper, chromium, and arsenic oxides. Better disposal methods of CCA treated wood waste would be needed to alleviate secondary pollution induced by waste land-filling or incineration. There are many methods to remediate CCA treated wood waste. Aqueous extraction is the most one. In this study, the materials are southern pine (Pinus taeda) that is pressure-treated with CCA type C preservative (hexavalent chromium as CrO3, 47.5%; copper as CuO, 18.5%; arsenic as As2O5, 34.0%). Chelating agents are biodegradable chelating agents: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and [S, S]-Ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS). This study investigates impact of various parameters including pH, chelating concentration, temperature, and chelating duration on chromium, copper, and arsenic extraction efficiencies. Results indicates that lower pH (pH 2.0-4.0) are more effective than higher pH (pH>6) for extraction of chromium, copper, and arsenic. By changing solution concentration from 0.01 to 0.1M, the optimal extraction efficiencies for three metals were obtained at 0.1 M. Optimal extraction temperature for CCA metals was 75oC. The results of duration of extraction presented the chelating rates of metals. There is great extraction efficiencies of copper between 5 and 6 hours extraction. Under these best conditions, the highest percentage removals of chromium, copper and arsenic are 53%-66%, 84%-93%, 55%-62%, respectively. In the results of EDDS-CCA stoichiometric ratios, EDDS concentrations above unit stoichiometric requirement are required to remove CCA metals at optimal. And the extraction efficiencies are illustrated when solution to wood ratio is 10. The results of sequential extractions demonstrated that chromium was mainly existed in the organic and residual fractions (85.6%); copper is mainly existed in exchangeable and residual fractions (49%); arsenic is mainly existed in organic and residual fractions (80.2%). This study indicates the extraction efficiencies for chromium, copper, and arsenic by EDTA, EDDS and NTA are satisfactory. Besides, EDDS and NTA are more biodegradable, and more effect in CCA treated wood remediation. In the near future, EDDS and NTA could be applied broadly to remove heavy metals from wastes.
Hajizadeh, Moghaddam Azita. "Development of a sustainable method for the disposal of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood." Thesis, 2010. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/7442/1/Hajizadeh_Moghaddam_PhD_S2011.pdf.pdf.
Full textMutandadzi, Ben Takavadiyi. "A comparative study of sulphate and oxide copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA) treatment of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don)." Master's thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144120.
Full textChang, Humn-Yu, and 鄭煥諭. "THE INVESTIGATION OF URUNARY CHROMIUM AND ASENIC OF WORKERS IN CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (CCA) WOOD PRESERVATION PLANT." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33819650739725714718.
Full text長榮大學
職業安全與衛生研究所
95
Abstract The object of this study was aimed to determine the relationship between urinary chromium/arsenic and exposure levels of workers in CCA wood preservation plants in Taiwan. The monitoring of chromium and arsenic levels in urine and skin was performed on three wood preservation plants. The personal exposure data, customs, working time and frequency were collected with questionnaire. The samples from the workers were analyzed with atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace (Varian, 220FS) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Varian Cary 50). The mean concentrations of hexavalent chromium and arsenic in the personal air samples were 0.12 ± 0.05 µg/m3 and 2.41 ± 1.35 µg/m3, all of them were below the PELs(As:0.01 mg/m3,Cr+6:0.1 mg/m3).The concentrations of chromium and arsenic in skin samples were 0.837 ± 0.398 mg and 2.621 ± 1.292 mg. The high concentration of asenic, chromium was distributed on the skin of hand and foot. The increased concentration during shift of chromium in urine was close to 10μg/L, the biological exposure index of chromium set by ACGIH. The concentration of chromium in urine samples collected at the end of workweek was in urine was close to 25μg/L the biological exposure index of chromium set by ACGIH. Urinary chromium concentrations were significantly associated with dermal exposure values. The increased concentrations during shift of arsenic and chromium in urine and skin samples were above over the suggested value set by ACGIH, it needs to continue following the trail of further. Base on the significant association between urinary chromium concentrations and dermal exposure index, we concluded the dermal exposure could be the major exposure route for body burden of chromium. The high concentration of asenic, chromium was distributed in skin of hand and foot; therefore, wearing impermeable gloves during working might reduce dermal exposure.
Kalema, Vettes Neckemiah. "Diversity, use and resiliance of woody species in a multiple land use equatorial African savanna, central Uganda." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/9163.
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