Relevant bibliographies by topics / CCA wood

Academic literature on the topic 'CCA wood'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'CCA wood.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "CCA wood"

1

Kim, J. J., S. M. Kang, Y. S. Choi, and G. H. Kim. "Microfungi potentially disfiguring CCA-treated wood." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 60, no. 3 (January 2007): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2007.05.002.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Yildiz, Sibel, Sabriye Canakci, Umit C. Yildiz, Ozlem Ozgenc, and Eylem D. Tomak. "Improving of the impregnability of refractory spruce wood by Bacillus licheniformis pretreatment." BioResources 7, no. 1 (December 2, 2011): 565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.7.1.565-577.

Full text
Abstract:
In this study it was aimed to improve impregnability of spruce (Picea orientalis L.) wood with bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis A1) pretreatment, using copper/chromium/arsenic Type C (CCA-C) andcopper azole Type A (CBA-A). The effects of Bacillus licheniformis A1 on weight loss, copper uptake, and compression strength of samples were determined. Weight loss was slightly changed by bacterial degradation in all test groups. The best copper uptake cases were 1466 ppm for CCA-C and 2730 ppm for CBA-A. Improvement on copper uptake with bacteria pretreatment was in a range of 18 to 103% compared to control samples. Compression strength was decreased by bacterial degradation. However strength losses might be acceptable for several construction applications. Bacillus licheniformis A1seems to havea good potential for increasing the permeability of spruce wood.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Xing, Dan, Ahmed Koubaa, Yubo Tao, Sara Magdouli, Peng Li, Hassine Bouafif, and Jingfa Zhang. "Copper-Doped Carbon Nanodots with Superior Photocatalysis, Directly Obtained from Chromium-Copper-Arsenic-Treated Wood Waste." Polymers 15, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010136.

Full text
Abstract:
An ecofriendly approach was developed for preparing copper-doped carbon dots (CDs) with superior photocatalysis using chromium-copper-arsenic (CCA)-treated wood waste as a precursor. Original wood (W-CDs), CCA-treated wood (C-CDs), and bioremediation CCA wood (Y-CDs) were used as the precursors. The chemical composition and structural, morphological, and optical properties, as well as the photocatalytic ability of the synthesized CDs varied with wood type. The C-CDs and W-CDs had similar characteristics: quasispherical in shape and with a diameter of 2 to 4.5 nm. However, the Y-CDs particles were irregular and stacked together, with a size of 1.5–3 nm. The presence of nitrogen prevented the formation of an aromatic structure for those CDs fabricated from bioremediation CCA wood. The three synthesized CDs showed a broad absorption peak at 260 nm and a weak absorption peak at 320 nm. Proof of the model study for the fabrication of luminescent CDs from CCA wood waste for bioimaging was provided. The degradation rate of CD photocatalytic MB was 97.8% for 30 min. Copper doping gives the CDs electron acceptor properties, improving their photocatalytic efficiency. This study provides novel ways to prepare nanomaterials from decommissioned wood as a nontoxic and low-cost alternative to fluorescent dots.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

ALTANER, CLEMENS. "PRESERVATIVE TREATED TIMBER PRODUCTS IN NEW ZEALAND." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 56, no. 7-8 (September 28, 2022): 705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2022.56.62.

Full text
Abstract:
Copper Chrome Arsenic (CCA) is a potent wood preservative. It is currently the dominant wood preservative used in Aotearoa (New Zealand). Internationally, CCA has been phased out in many jurisdictions over the last decades due to health and environmental concerns. This review summarises the current knowledge about the health and environmental risks of CCA treated timber, revisits the risk assessment of New Zealand authorities of CCA treated timber and discusses the challenges New Zealand is facing from the continued use of this product. Overall, the attitude towards CCA treated timber is changing, with local government bodies and agricultural industries facing increasing challenges around the disposal of CCA treated timber and site remediation from CCA leaching.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Donovan, Geoffrey, and Hayley Hesseln. "Consumer Willingness to Pay for a Naturally Decay-Resistant Wood Product." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.3.160.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is the most widely used chemical wood preservative in the United States. Concerns about the safety of CCA led to an agreement between the Environmental Protection Agency and the wood treatment industry to withdraw CCA for nonindustrial uses by the end of 2003. In light of the publicity surrounding the withdrawal of CCA, this article evaluates consumers' willingness to pay a premium for products manufactured from naturally decay-resistant wood as opposed to chemically treated wood. We use a national contingent valuation survey to quantify consumer willingness to pay for a children's play structure made from Alaska yellow-cedar, as opposed to an identical play structure made from southern pine treated with ammonial copper quaternary, the likely replacement for CCA. Respondents' estimated mean willingness to pay for the Alaska yellow-cedar play structure is $2,013, compared to $1,000 for the treated southern pine structure. This study shows that manufacturers of products made from naturally decay-resistant wood may be able to capture a substantial premium for their products. West. J. Appl. For. 19(3):160–164.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

CHIBA, KEIKO, SHINPEI UCHIDA, YOSHINORI HONMA, KOICHIRO SERA, and KATSUMI SAITOH. "EXTANT CONTENTS OF CHROMIUM, COPPER AND ARSENIC IN WASTE CCA-TREATED TIMBER." International Journal of PIXE 19, no. 01n02 (January 2009): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083509001795.

Full text
Abstract:
The segregation and disposal of chromated copper arsenate ( CCA )-treated wood waste when recycling building waste materials is a serious issue. We examined the contents of CCA preserved cedar timber by PIXE analysis. CCA preserved timber contained large amounts of these metals both on the surface and core of the wood. The ratio of chromium, copper and arsenic contained on the surface was 1:2:1, and in contrast, the ratio in the core was 1:1:2. In other words, the arsenic content was highest in the core. Moreover, the chemical form of arsenic in both parts of the wood was only inorganic arsenic; the same form of arsenic in preservative components known as carcinogenic substances. These findings mean that the complete separation of waste CCA preserved timber from construction and demolition wood is needed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Fu, Qirong, Dimitris S. Argyropoulos, David C. Tilotta, and Lucian A. Lucia. "Understanding the pyrolysis of CCA-treated wood." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 81, no. 1 (January 2008): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2007.08.003.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Fu, Qirong, Dimitris S. Argyropoulos, David C. Tilotta, and Lucian A. Lucia. "Understanding the pyrolysis of CCA-treated wood." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 82, no. 1 (May 2008): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2008.02.007.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Nakai, Satoshi, Koujiro Kawakami, Tetsuji Okuda, Wataru Nishijima, Mitsumasa Okada, Toshiyuki Ohta, and Naoki Kumamoto. "Recycling of CCA-Treated Wood as Pulp." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 36, no. 4 (2010): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.36.304.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Townsend, Timothy, Brajesh Dubey, Thabet Tolaymat, and Helena Solo-Gabriele. "Preservative leaching from weathered CCA-treated wood." Journal of Environmental Management 75, no. 2 (April 2005): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.11.009.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CCA wood"

1

Albuquerque, Ruth Margaret. "The environmental effects of CCA-treated wood use in the sea." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1998. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.714464.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Gerencher, Eva. "Retention of chromated copper arsenate (CCA), a wood preservative, in soil." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27455.

Full text
Abstract:
Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a biocidal chemical used by the wood preservation industry to extend the service life of wood products. CCA is currently the most commonly used wood preservative in British Columbia. Environmental concerns regarding the fate of CCA solutions accidentally released or chronically spilled to unpaved ground at wood preservation facilities has led to the present investigation on the retention and release of CCA constituents in soils. Batch and column tests were used to evaluate the adsorption and desorption of arsenic, chromium and copper in several B.C. soils. Batch tests were carried out using varying concentrations of CCA and individual arsenic, chromium and copper solutions. Migration of arsenic, chromium and copper in a soil column following application of a single slug dose of 2% CCA solution was investigated. Continuous leach column experiments were also conducted to evaluate adsorption of CCA constituents in soils. The column soils were sectioned and subjected to a sequential extraction procedure following influent CCA solution breakthrough to determine the partitioning, mobility and availability of As, Cr and Cu. Results from the adsorption experiments were used to identify important soil characteristics influencing the attenuation of CCA in the subsurface environment. Adsorption isotherm data was found to be well described by the Freundlich equation. The Fe and Al amorphous and crystalline hydrous oxide component of the soils studied was highly correlated with arsenic adsorption while the percent organic carbon was significantly correlated with chromium and copper retention in the soils. The clay content of the soils was poorly correlated with retention of CCA constituents in the soils studied. Desorption of arsenic, chromium and copper from soils previously equilibrated with CCA solutions showed that the extent of metal release is dependent on the amount of metal retained. At high initial CCA solution concentrations chromium was desorbed to a greater extent than arsenic or copper. This result suggests the following order for mobility of CCA constituents in the soils: chromium > copper > arsenic. Chromium, and to a lesser extent copper, adsorption was lower in CCA equilibrated batch tests than in single solute batch tests, particularly at high initial metal solution concentrations. Arsenic adsorption was not affected by the presence of codissolved solutes in CCA solution. The migration of arsenic, chromium and copper in a soil column following application of a single dose of 2% CCA revealed that chromium was the most mobile of the CCA constituents. Breakthrough curve plots showed that arsenic was the most strongly retained CCA constituent in both soils tested. Copper was also strongly retained in the soil columns however complete breakthrough was achieved indicating that the soils had reached a finite capacity for copper retention. Chromium was again the most weakly held CCA constituent in the continuous leach column test. Partitioning of the metals in the column soils showed that arsenic, chromium and copper were largely associated with the ammonium oxalate extractable fraction. Only copper was found to have a significant amount of retained metal in the exchangeable pool. The results suggest that environmental monitoring at CCA wood preservation facilities should focus on the potential for chromium migration in the subsurface.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bailey, David Samuel. "The Feasibilty of Recycling CCA Treated Wood From Spent Residential Decks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31515.

Full text
Abstract:
The amount of CCA treated wood being removed from spent residential decks is increasing at a tremendous rate. While most spent CCA treated wood is being disposed in landfills, further useful and environmentally beneficial alternatives have to be met. This research estimated the percentage of recoverable lumber from spent CCA decks that can be recycled into other usable products. Six residential decks were removed from service, by either demolition or deconstruction procedures. It was found that 86% of the CCA treated wood from the residential decks could be recovered as reusable CCA treated lumber. It was also found that deconstruction of a residential deck, rather than demolition, was not a factor in the volume of CCA treated wood recovered. Chemical and mechanical properties of the removed CCA treated wood were also analyzed. The chemical retention of the deck material proved that most of the spent CCA treated wood could be used in above ground applications. The stiffness of spent CCA treated wood from residential decks was approximately equal to that of recently treated CCA wood. The strength properties were slightly lower than recently treated CCA wood probably due mainly to physical and climatic degradation. Products were then produced that could be successfully utilized by recycling centers or community and government organizations. Products manufactured included, pallets, picnic tables, outdoor furniture, residential decks, and landscaping components. Waste management, recycling, and government organizations were interviewed to determine what markets and barriers exist for recycled CCA treated products. Most landfill and recycling facilities do not currently sort or recycle CCA treated wood, citing the main reason as a lack of a viable market. Potential users were interested in the material but citied they did not know where to locate the material. A communication barrier exists between the waste management industry, recyclers, and users; which is preventing the successful recycling of CCA treated wood from spent residential decks.
Master of Science
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Jambeck, Jenna Romness. "The disposal of CCA-treated wood in simulated landfills potential impacts /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006647.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Junges, Janaína. "Pirólise de madeira tratada com CCA em reator de leito fixo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2015. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1079.

Full text
Abstract:
Os postes de madeira da rede de distribuição de energia elétrica são tratados com preservantes para aumentar sua vida útil. Dentre os diversos tipos de preservantes de madeira disponíveis no mercado, o mais utilizado é o arseniato de cobre cromatado (CCA), tendo em vista a sua elevada eficiência para preservar a madeira. A presença de metais nestes preservantes exige uma destinação adequada ao fim da vida útil do poste. O presente estudo propõe a utilização do processo de pirólise como uma alternativa para a destinação final dos postes de madeira removidos da rede de distribuição de energia elétrica. A pirólise da madeira tratada com CCA promove a liberação de compostos voláteis perigosos devido à presença dos metais (Cr/Cu/As) em sua composição. Com o intuito de minimizar estas emissões, reagentes de baixo custo (a base de cálcio) podem ser utilizados durante o processo pirolítico. Neste trabalho, foram avaliados os efeitos de diferentes parâmetros de operação (temperatura, tempo de isoterma, taxa de aquecimento, razão madeira/CaO e velocidade superficial) sobre a retenção dos metais no char da madeira tratada com CCA, bem como a influência dos compostos de cálcio sobre o poder calorífico do gás combustível gerado no processo de pirólise. A caracterização da madeira tratada com CCA indicou diferenças na composição química das frações testadas (C1-alburno externo, C2-alburno interno e C3-cerne), especialmente no teor de metais. As análises para a determinação da distribuição de metais indicaram que a concentração de compostos metálicos tende à zero na linha central do poste, de forma que a elevada concentração de metais está localizada na fração externa do poste. Na análise imediata, foi observado um teor mais elevado de cinzas na fração externa da madeira. Na Espectroscopia no Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) a madeira com CCA apresentou bandas similares a de uma biomassa convencional. Na Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA), observaram-se picos próximos a 276 e 354 ºC, referentes à degradação térmica das hemiceluloses e da celulose, respectivamente. A energia de ativação determinada pelo método de Kissinger foi próxima a 156 kJ·mol-1. A Ea média calculada no método de Flynn-Wall-Ozama foi de aproximadamente 153 kJ·mol-1 para C1, 182 kJ·mol-1 para C2 e 170 kJ·mol-1 para C3. Os mecanismos de reação no estado sólido verificados no método de Criado foram comandados, em sua maioria, por processos de difusão. Sob condições controladas de operação, (temperatura, tempo de residência e vazão de ar) o carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3) foi calcinado visando a obtenção de óxido de cálcio (CaO) com elevada área superficial. Os ensaios preliminares de calcinação indicaram que o CaO com maior área superficial foi obtido a 850 ºC com um tempo de residência de 5 min. Na primeira série de ensaios de pirólise verificou-se que à medida que CaO foi adicionado ao sistema, a emissão de metais e a produção de óleo foram inferiores. No segundo lote dos ensaios de pirólise, os efeitos preponderantes para a retenção dos metais no char foram a granulometria elevada das partículas, a adição de CaO e a taxa de aquecimento. Devido à adição de CaO, obteve-se menor concentração de CO2 e foi produzido um gás combustível com poder calorífico próximo a 25 MJ·Nm-3.
Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2015-12-04T12:00:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Janaina Junges.pdf: 280866 bytes, checksum: b03a0ac95408121d4fa4ce8fd60796f8 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-04T12:00:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Janaina Junges.pdf: 280866 bytes, checksum: b03a0ac95408121d4fa4ce8fd60796f8 (MD5)
Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, CPFL
Wooden poles of the electricity distribution network are treated with preservatives to increase their shelf life. Among the various types of wood preservatives available on the market, the most used is the chromated copper arsenate (CCA), due to its high efficiency for preserving wood. The presence of metals in these preservatives requires proper disposal at the end of pole life. This study proposes the use of pyrolysis process (under controlled conditions) as an alternative to wooden poles disposal after removed from the electricity distribution network. The pyrolysis of CCA treated wood promotes the release of dangerous volatile compounds due to the presence of metals (Cr/Cu/As) in its composition. In order to minimize these emissions, low cost reagents (based on calcium) can be used during the pyrolytic process. In this work, the effect of different operating parameters (temperature, residence time, heating rate, wood/CaO ratio and superficial velocity) on the retention of metals in the char was evaluated, as well as the influence of calcium compounds on the calorific value of the fuel gas generated in the pyrolysis process. The characterization of CCA treated wood indicated differences in the chemical composition of the tested fractions (C1-sapwood, C2- outer core and C3-cord), especially in the metal content. The metals distribution analysis indicated that the concentration of metallic compounds tend to zero at the center of the pole, so the high concentration of metal is located on the outer portion. In the proximate analysis, a higher ash content on the outer portion was observed. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed bands very similar to a conventional biomass. In Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) peaks centered at 276 and 354 ºC were observed, relating to thermal degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose respectively. The activation energy determined by the Kissinger method was approximately 156 kJ·mol-1. The mean activation energy by the Flynn-Wall-Ozama method was 153 kJ·mol-1 for C1, 182 kJ·mol-1 for C2 and 170 kJ·mol-1 for C3. The degradation reaction mechanism determined by using the Criado is mostly controlled by diffusion processes. Under controlled operating conditions (temperature, residence time and air flow) calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was heated in order to obtain calcium oxide (CaO) with a higher surface area. Preliminary tests indicated that the calcination of CaO with greater surface area was obtained at 850 ºC with a residence time of 5 min. In the first series of pyrolysis tests, as CaO was added to the system, lesser metals emission and oil yield were observed. In the second set of pyrolysis tests, the relevant effects identified on the retention of metals was the high particle size of the wood, the addition of CaO and the heating rate. Due to the addition of CaO, the CO2 concentration was reduced and it was produced a combustible gas with a calorific value close to 25 MJ·Nm-3.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Green, C. "Studies of the interactions of CCA and ACA preservative treated wood with soil." Thesis, University of Abertay Dundee, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382207.

Full text
Abstract:
Chemical and microbiological changes at the interface between soil, and wood treated with CCA or ACA wood preservatives were investigated using a series of leaching and soil burial studies. The softwoods Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris, L.), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis, Carr) and the hardwood lime (Tilia vulgaris, Hayne) were used exclusively. Copper losses from both types of preservative treated wood were negligible, though adjacent soil copper concentrations significantly increased. These copper accumulations were associated with a reduction in dehydrogenase activity around the preservative treated material compared with levels around the untreated blocks, though activity around the treated wood was rarely less than background levels. Relatively large arsenic concentrations accumulated around the most heavily ACA-treated blocks, and were associated with a further reduction in activity of the soil microflora. The wood species also affected the microbial activity in adjacent soil; activity around all lime blocks was generally greater than microbial activity around the softwoods. Treatment of wood with ammonia or ACA solutions increased the wood nitrogen contents. Some of this nitrogen was readily water soluble, though its rapid diffusion into adjacent soil had no effect on microbial activity in this area. Water insoluble nitrogen was also retained within these blocks; this was shown to increase the rate of microbial colonisation and decay of the wood and was also associated with an increased toxic value of copper. Microbial activity was measured in all decaying wood blocks. This activity was influenced by the wood species, and treatment, as were the microbial colonisation and decay rates. The experimental conditions employed were designed to promote soft rot, rather than other forms of wood decay. Activity was greater in the outer wood surface of the buried blocks than in the inner wood, reflecting the surface nature of soft rot decay. Pre-burial leaching reduced the subsequent moisture uptake and increased the durability of CCA-treated wood during soil burial, though untreated wood was unaffected. However, similar rates of microbial decay of untreated wood blocks occurred over a range of different wood moisture contents. The implications of the findings on the relative performances of untreated, ammonia, CCA and ACA-treated wood in soil contact are discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Huang, Chen. "Study on the manufacturing technology of cement-bonded particleboard using CCA-treated wood." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ46257.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Almeida, Andréa de Souza. "Influência da impregnação contra demanda biológica em propriedades físico-mecânicas de madeiras tropicais brasileiras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2019. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-21032019-085555/.

Full text
Abstract:
A preservação química visa proteger a madeira contra quaisquer ações deterioradoras, sejam elas consequências de fenômenos físico-químicos, como a ação do intemperismo, ou de fenômenos biológicos, como os organismos xilófagos. No Brasil, os preservativos mais utilizados nas usinas de preservação são o Arseniato de Cobre Cromatado (CCA) e o Borato de Cobre Cromatado (CCB). Ambos são aplicados na madeira através do processo de vácuo-pressão, método que em tese poderia aumentar a quantidade de defeitos superficiais e diminuir os valores das propriedades físico-mecânicas das madeiras. Atualmente, em decorrência da disponibilização no mercado (devida à implantação de áreas certificadas no Brasil) de espécies de madeira de média a baixa densidade, a questão da necessidade da preservação contra a demanda biológica se constitui em aspecto de fundamental importância para que se garantam as alternativas de oferta desse material para a construção de estruturas, cuja durabilidade seja equivalente à da madeira de espécies de uso consagrado, como Jatobá, Sucupira, Garapa e Itaúba, por exemplo. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a influência dos tratamentos com os preservativos CCA e CCB nas propriedades físico-mecânicas das seguintes espécies de madeiras tropicais brasileiras: Simarouba amara (C20), Cedrelinga catenaeformis (C30) e Erisma uncinatum Warm (C40), escolhidas na tentativa de abranger as três classes de resistência mais baixas, de acordo com o que prescreve a ABNT NBR 7190:1997. Foi realizada a caracterização completa de cada espécie nos três tipos de tratamento (Sem tratamento – Ref; CCA; CCB) para posterior aplicação do teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey, avaliado ao nível de 5% de significância. Para avaliar o comportamento dos preservativos a nível celular, foram geradas fotomicrografias por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e seus respectivos espectros de EDS. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que ambos os tratamentos químicos não afetaram significativamente os valores das propriedades físico-mecânicas das espécies estudadas.
The chemical preservation aims to protect the wood against any deteriorating actions, be they consequences of physical-chemical phenomena, such as weathering, or biological phenomena, such as xylophagous organisms. In Brazil, the most used preservatives in the preservation plants are Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) and Chromated Copper Borate (CCB). Both are applied to the wood through the vacuum-pressure process, which in theory could increase the amount of surface defects and decrease the values of the physical-mechanical properties of the wood. Currently, due to the availability in the market (due to the implantation of certified areas in Brazil) of medium to low density wood species, the question of the need for preservation against biological demand is an aspect of fundamental importance to ensure the alternatives of supply of this material for the construction of structures, whose durability is equivalent to the wood of species of consecrated use, such as Jatobá, Sucupira, Garapa and Itaúba, for example In this context, the present work had as objective to investigate the influence of the treatments with the preservatives CCA and CCB on physical-mechanical properties of the following species of Brazilian tropical woods: Simarouba amara (C20), Cedrelinga catenaeformis (C30) e Erisma uncinatum Warm (C40), chosen in an attempt to cover the three lower resistance classes, according to what ABNT NBR 7190:1997 prescribes. The complete characterization of each species in the three types of treatments (No treatment - Ref: CCA; CCB) was performed for the subsequent application of the Tukey\'s multiple comparison test, evaluated at the 5% level of significance. To evaluate the behavior of the preservatives at the cellular level, photomicrographs were generated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and their respective EDS spectra. The results obtained showed that both chemical treatments did not affect significantly the values of the physical-mechanical properties of the studied species.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Mercer, Theresa. "An experimental study of the environmental impacts of CCA-treated wood waste land application." Thesis, University of Hull, 2010. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:2683.

Full text
Abstract:
Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) has been the most commonly used wood preservative in the UK; up until its partial ban in 2004. The preservative prolongs the service life of wood by 20-50 years by making it resistant to biological attack. As such, in-service CCA treated wood is expected to be a major component of the UK wood waste stream in the future. Concerns over the impact of the chemical constituents of this treatment on both the environment and human health have prompted the introduction of legislation to ensure that such waste is disposed of safely in Hazardous Waste Landfills. Despite this, studies have shown that this waste can still enter into the landscape mulch market due to inadequate detection methods and increasing societal pressures to recycle. A series of laboratory and field-based simulations were used to quantify leaching of copper, chromium and arsenic from CCA-treated wood waste mulch and evaluate the factors involved in promoting leaching. The distribution and behaviour of the metals in the soil column and leachate were also assessed. The samples generated in the study were analysed for a range of physico-chemical measurements, elemental and speciation concentrations. Results show that arsenic, chromium and copper leaches from CCA waste wood; at times to levels exceeding regulatory thresholds by two to three orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the more toxic and mobile species of arsenic (As III) and chromium (Cr VI) were detected in both soil and leachate samples. A mass balance was produced which demonstrated that CCA wood tends to leach on initial exposure to a leachant and also during weathering of the wood. When in contact with soil, metal(loid) transport is reduced due to complexation reactions. With higher water application or where the adsorption capacity of the soil is exceeded, the metal(loid)s are transported through the soil column as leachate. Overall, there was a loss of metal(loid)s from the system that could be due to loss of water, volatilisation of arsenic and plant uptake. Due to the toxicity and concentration levels of the leached elements identified in the current study, it is apparent that adverse environmental and human health impacts may result from direct and indirect exposure to the environmental media.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Brown, Craig John. "The impact of copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA) wood preservatives on non target marine organisms." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500600.

Full text
Abstract:
The impact of two formulations of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) wood preservatives (Celcure AO and Tanalith C33 10) on a range of marine organisms was assessedin both laboratory and field investigations. As part of an EU project, a long-term field investigation was carried out exposing test panels of Scots pine treated to 12,24 and 48 kgm -3 CCA and untreated controls at seven coastal sites (Portsmouth, UK; Kristineberg, Sweden; La Tremblade (2 sites), France; Ria Formosa, Portugal; Sagres, Portugal; Athens, Greece). Inspections were made at 6,12 and 18 months after submergence and the fouling communities on CCA-treated and untreated panels were assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Over the course of the field trial patterns of fouling that were common at several of the sites were recorded. In the majority of cases there were no significant differences in species abundance, species diversity, community organic biomass and total dry weight of fouling organisms on CCA-treated versus untreated panels. However, a number of species were recorded in significantly higher numbers on CCA-treated panels compared to untreated panels. The extent and type of microbial degradation of these panels was also assessed. Sections from the panels exposed for periods of 6,12 and 18 months were examined by light microscopy and the depth of penetration by soft rot fungi and tunnelling and erosion bacteria was measured. Attack was found to be heavy in untreated wood, but absent or very superficial in CCA-treated wood. The fungal flora was also recorded after 6,12 and 18 months exposure following incubation of panels. Fungal diversity on untreated wood was high, whereas on CCA-treated wood fungi were either absent, or a low diversity present. The surfaces of untreated panels were notably softer as a result of microbial and marine borer attack. Scanning electron microscope studies revealed that the rate of biofilm formation on the surfaces of CCA-treated panels (12,24 and 48 kgm -3 CCA) was marginally faster than on the surface of untreated panels over a4 week exposure period in the sea at the Portsmouth exposure site. After 4 weeks of exposure no differences in biofilm composition were detectable between different panel treatments. Algal fouling was monitored on CCA-treated and untreated Scots pine panels after submergence at the exposure site at Portsmouth, UK for a period of 4 weeks. In the majority of cases there were no significant differences in the abundance of each algal species on CCA-treated or untreated panels. Two species of algae were recorded in significantly lower abundance on CCA-treated panels compared to untreated panels, suggesting that these species were sensitive to leached preservative from the surfaces of the treated panels. The impact of CCA-preservatives on invertebrate fouling was also monitored over the initial 4 weeks of submergence. Scots pine panels treated to 2,4,6,12,24 and 48 kgm -3 (Celcure AO and Tanalith C3310), and untreated controls were exposed at a brackish water millpond, Emsworth, UK. Settlement densities of 3 species of calcareous invertebrates were measured. Densities of the serpulid Ficopomatus enigmaticus significantly increased with increasing CCA loading; numbers of the two species of barnacle (Elminius modestus and Balanus crenatus) were also higher on CCA-treated panels than on untreated panels but these differences were often not significant. A laboratory leaching trial combining a static and a flowing seawater system was carried out to measure the leaching rate of copper, chromium and arsenic from the surface of Scots pine panels treated to 3,6,12,24 and 48 kgm-3 CCA. Losses of chromium and arsenic over the 10 week trial were very low, whereas losses of copper were much higher. Copper losses from freshly treated panels were highest, but rapidly fell to much lower levels after exposure in flowing seawater. Laboratory bioassays were carried out to test the toxicity of leachates from CCA-treated wood, or their toxic components. Tests on the thraustochytrid, Schizochytrium aggregatum, examined the effects of copper ions on mortality of sporangia and motility and viability of zoospores. A very high tolerance to copper ions was recorded in both instances. Experiments exposing spores/zygotes of two species of marine algae found that concentrated leachates from CCA-treated wood inhibited germination of Fucus serratus zygotes but only reduced the percentage germination of Undaria pinnatifida spores. All of the bioassays used produced rapid results. Data suggests that CCA-treated wood is not toxic to non-target marine fouling organisms. Preferences to settle on CCA-treated wood over untreated wood by certain marine fouling organisms may be due to differences in the surface properties of the wood (surface energy, biofilm formation) influencing choice of settlement sites by fouling propagules. Differences manifested at this initial stage of the fouling process may be reflected in the mature fouling community.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "CCA wood"

1

Lebow, Stan T. Treatability of underutilized northeastern species with CCA and alternative wood preservatives. Madison, WI: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Product Laboratory, 2005.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Walker, Roslyn A. Ọlọ́wẹ̀ of Isẹ̀: A Yoruba sculptor to kings. Washington, DC: National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution, 1998.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

The word exchange: Anglo-Saxon poems in translation. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Lelooska. Lelooska: The traditional art of the mask : carving a transformation mask. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub., 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Word-hoard: An introduction to Old English vocabulary. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Pronouns and word order in Old English: With particular reference to the indefinite pronoun man. New York: Routledge, 2003.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Phrase structures in competition: Variation and change in Old English word order. New York: Garland Pub., 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Ad-hoc-Wortbildung: Terminologie, Typologie und Theorie kreativer Wortbildung im Englischen. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Word order tendencies in mediaeval English against the Indo-European background. Katowice: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Die Zuordnung der altenglischen Substantive zu den Flexionstypen untersucht am Buchstaben D. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "CCA wood"

1

Aston, David. "Copper/Chrome/Arsenic (CCA) Wood preservatives and their application to timbers in the tropics." In Preservation of timber in the tropics, 141–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2752-5_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Agbenyeku, Emmanuel Emem-Obong, Edison Muzenda, and Innocent Mandla Msibi. "Potential Impacts of Leachate From Waste Mixed With CCA-Treated Wood Destined to Landfills." In Transactions on Engineering Technologies, 513–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2717-8_36.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Barton, C. Charles, and Thomas T. Newton. "CCA-Treated Wood." In Encyclopedia of Toxicology, 489–90. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-369400-0/00196-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Barton, C. "CCA-Treated Wood." In Encyclopedia of Toxicology, 751–52. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-386454-3.00272-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

"Changes in the Physico-Chemical and Microbial Nature of Wetlands from the Leaching of Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)-Treated Wood." In Preserving Archaeological Remains in Situ, 102–17. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315089508-11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Raicar, Alexandra Maeja, Pauline Sear, and Maggie Gall. "A future for CcAT: spreading the word among professionals." In Child-Centred Attachment Therapy, 163–73. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429472824-8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Mishra, Manoj Kumar, Nidhi Sharma, and Sunil Kumar. "E-Word of Mouth and Purchase Intention." In Promoting Consumer Engagement Through Emotional Branding and Sensory Marketing, 169–77. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5897-6.ch014.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of e word of mouth, consumer engagement, and attitude towards social media advertising on purchase intention of consumers towards organic food products. Analysis of data includes descriptive statistics, correlation, regression using SPSS version 22. CFA and structural equation modeling were conducted using AMOS 22 on the sample of 251 which was collected from Delhi and NCR using convenience sampling method. The result of the study suggests that e word of mouth, consumer engagement, and attitude towards social media advertising have a significant positive relationship with consumer purchase intention towards organic food products. Organic products are getting momentum in the world market as well as in the Indian market. Therefore, the study helps to accelerate this momentum for the organic food industry to execute and help them to align their marketing strategies.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kaoutzani, Lydia, and Scott Y. Rahimi. "The History of Neurosurgical Management of Ischemic Stroke." In Frontiers in Clinical Neurosurgery. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95477.

Full text
Abstract:
Stroke remains a major public health issue and the second leading cause of death worldwide. The Hippocratic Corpus used the word apoplexy to describe a person collapsing while retaining pulse and respiration. This is believed to be the first written description of stroke. The theories of what caused stroke evolved over the years. When autopsies were performed stroke was attributed to emboli and thrombi formation. Carotid endarterectomies (CEA) were then performed for the treatment of stroke. Originally CEA were seen with skepticism but the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy trial (NASCET) and the European Carotid Surgery trial (ECS) helped restore their efficacy in the management of ischemic stroke. A milestone in the management of ischemic stroke was the use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Secondary to the limitations of the use of tPA other avenues were sought which included intraarterial recombinant prourokinase and mechanical thrombectomy. The field of mechanical thrombectomy continues to be rapidly changing and evolving. Various randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis have been conducted in order to evaluate who will benefit from mechanical thrombectomies, the timing, the best device to use and the role of combining this intervention with the administration of intravenous tPA.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

"Wool Trade and Printing." In Niccolò di Lorenzo della Magna and the Social World of Florentine Printing, ca. 1470–1493, 29–34. Harvard University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1k76jrq.6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

"3. Wool Trade and Printing." In Niccolò di Lorenzo della Magna and the Social World of Florentine Printing, ca. 1470–1493, 29–34. Harvard University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/9780674258730-004.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "CCA wood"

1

Townsend, Timothy, and Helena Solo-Gabriele. "Potential Concerns and Impacts of CCA-Treated Wood for the Waste-to-Energy Industry." In 11th North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec11-1676.

Full text
Abstract:
An issue that has received much attention in the U.S. in recent years, especially in Florida, is the impact of CCA-treated wood on human health and the environment (Decker et al. 2002; Gordon et al. 2002) , including risks faced as a result of discarded CCA-treated wood in the solid waste stream (Townsend et al. 2001; Townsend et al. 2003). CCA-treated wood is preserved with copper, chromium and arsenic. All of the metals have toxic impacts at high exposures; it is arsenic however, which has raised the greatest concern (it is more hazardous at lower concentrations than the other CCA constituents). CCA-treated wood often becomes mixed with other wood from construction and demolition (C&D) debris (Tolaymat et al. 2000). Mixed C&D debris wood is either landfilled along with the rest of the C&D debris stream (e.g. concrete, gypsum drywall) or it is separated and processed for a variety of recycling markets.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kelly, R. F. "Leaching from CCA-Treated Wood into Soils: Preliminary PIXE Studies." In APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY: 17TH International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1619751.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Yasuda, K., M. Tanaka, and Y. Deguchi. "Basic evaluation of sorting technologies for CCA treated wood waste." In ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/etox060321.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Zainea, Marius, and Herve Gueguen. "Modeling and control of building heating using wood burning boilers." In 2014 IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cca.2014.6981599.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Hofmair, Matthias, Martin Bock, and Andreas Kugi. "Time-optimal trajectory generation, path planning and control for a wood patching robot." In 2015 IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cca.2015.7320672.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Raghuyal, S., J. Steer, A. Griffiths, and A. Hopkins. "Characterisation of Chromium-Copper- Arsenic (CCA) treated wood waste from a steel-making environment." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm120251.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Cocker, J., J. Morton, B. Smith, and J. Wheeler. "252. Occupational Exposure to Copper Chrome Arsenic (CCA) Wood Preservatives in Vacuum Pressure Timber Impregnation." In AIHce 2004. AIHA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2758183.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Can, Ahmet, and Hüseyin Sivrikaya. "Removal of Copper, Chromium, and Arsenic from CCA-Treated Wood Using Glycerol/Choline Chloride Deep Eutectic Solvent." In IECF 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2022-13037.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Harden, John D. "The Application of CaSO4Soil Amendment to the Retardance of Rainwater-Leached Metals from CCA-Treated Wood Ash in Soil." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)366.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Harden, John D., and Robert E. Pitt. "Retardance of Rainwater-Leached Metals in Amended Soil Systems: A Case Study, Agricultural Amendments Effect on a CCA-Wood Ash/Soil System." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41173(414)183.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "CCA wood"

1

Fu, Qirong, Dimitris Argyropolous, Lucian Lucia, David Tilotta, and Stan Lebow. Chemical yields from low-temperature pyrolysis of CCA-treated wood. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-rp-652.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Lebow, Stan T., Steven A. Halverson, and Cherilyn A. Hatfield. Treatability of underutilized northeastern species with CCA and alternative wood preservatives. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-rn-300.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bhattacharjea, Suman, Sehar Saeed, Rajib Timalsina, and Syeed Ahamed. Citizen-led Assessments: A Model for Evidence-based Advocacy and Action to Improve Learning. Australian Council for Educational Research, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-636-9.

Full text
Abstract:
Designed as household-based assessments, citizen-led assessments (CLAs) are implemented by local organizations who assess children in their homes, thus reaching the most marginalized children, families, and communities, often in remote areas. CLAs add an essential piece of information for truly monitoring progress and help realistically represent the learning levels of all children – at national, regional, and global levels. By using simple tools and easy-to-understand reports, CLAs engage parents and community members in discussions about learning and help foster understanding of the importance of ensuring quality education through civil action. In this publication, members from organizations conducting CLAs in India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh provide an overview of the CLA model and illustrate a range of ways in which the model has been implemented in the four South Asian countries to monitor and improve learning. In all four countries, the initiative is known as the Annual Status of Education Report, or ASER – a word that means ‘impact’ in three of these four countries. By design, ASER assesses foundational reading and numeracy skills.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Cahaner, Avigdor, Sacit F. Bilgili, Orna Halevy, Roger J. Lien, and Kellye S. Joiner. effects of enhanced hypertrophy, reduced oxygen supply and heat load on breast meat yield and quality in broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699855.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Original objectivesThe objectives of this project were to evaluate the growth performance, meat yield and quality attributes of broiler strains widely differing in their genetic potential under normal temperature vs. warm temperature (short and long-term) conditions. Strain differences in breast muscle accretion rate, metabolic responses under heat load and, gross and histopathological changes in breast muscle under thermal load was also to be characterized. BackgroundTremendous genetic progress has been made in broiler chicken growth rate and meat yield since the 1950s. Higher growth rate is driven by higher rates of feed intake and metabolism, resulting in elevated internal heat production. Hot rearing conditions negatively affect broiler growth by hindering dissipation of heat and may lead to a lethal elevation in body temperature. To avoid heat-induced mortality, broilers reduce feed intake, leading to depressed growth rate, lower weight gain, reduce breast meat yield and quality. Thus, the genetic potential of contemporary commercial broilers (CCB) is not fully expressed under hot conditions. Major conclusions, solutions, and achievementsResearch conducted in Israel focused on three broiler strains – CCB, Featherless, Feathered sibs (i.e., sharing similar genetic background). Complimentary research trials conducted at Auburn utilized CCB (Cobb 500, Cobb 700, Ross 308, Ross 708), contrasting their performance to slow growing strains. Warm rearing conditions consistently reduced feed intake, growth rate, feed efficiency, body weight uniformity and breast muscle yield, especially pronounced with CCB and magnified with age. Breast meat quality was also negatively affected, as measured by higher drip loss and paler meat color. Exposure to continuous or short-term heat stress induced respiratory alkalosis. Breast muscle histomorphometrics confirmed enhanced myofiber hypertrophy in CCB. Featherless broilers exhibited a significant increase in blood-vessel density under warm conditions. Rapid growth and muscle accretion rate was correlated to various myopathies (white striping, woody and necrotic) as well as to increases in plasma creatinekinase levels. Whether the trigger(s) of muscle damage is loss of cellular membrane integrity due to oxidative damage or tissue lactate accumulation, or to loss of inter-compartmental cation homeostasis is yet to be determined. Based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping, identification of the gene with the recessive mutation Scaleless (sc) facilitated the development a dCAPS assay to discriminate between sc carrier (sc/+) and non-carrier (+/+) individuals. ImplicationsThis project confirmed that featherless broiler strains grow efficiently with high yield and quality of breast meat, even under warm rearing conditions that significantly depress the overall performance of CCB. Therefore, broiler meat production in hot regions and climates can be substantially improved by introducing the featherless gene into contemporary commercial broiler stocks. This approach has become more feasible with the development of dCAPS assay. A novel modification of the PCR protocol (using whole blood samples instead of extracted DNA) may contribute to the efficient development of commercial featherless broiler strains. Such strains will allow expansion of the broiler meat production in developing countries in warm climates, where energy intensive environmental control of rearing facilities are not economical and easily achievable.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Юлія Віліївна Бєлик, Юрій Васильович Лихолат, Герман Хайльмейер, and Іван Панасович Григорюк. Macronutrients and Heavy Metals Contents in the Leaves of Trees from the Devastated Lands at Kryvyi Rih District (Central Ukraine). КДПУ, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4151.

Full text
Abstract:
The relevance of these studies was due to the need to clarify the biogeochemical characteristics of woody plant species that grow naturally on devastated lands. The object of this paper: to carry out a comparative analysis of macro nutrients and heavy metals contents in the leaves of trees spontaneously sprouting on the devastated lands at the Kryvyi Rih District. This research was performed at Petrovsky waste rock dump, the Central part of the Kryvyi Rih iron-ore & metallurgical district (Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine). The macronutrients (K, Ca, Mg, P and S) and heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) contents in the leaves of three species of the trees (Ash-leaved Maple Acer negundo L., Silver Birch Betula pendula Roth. and Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia L.) that were collected on devastated lands were assessed. It was established that trees which grow on the Petrovsky dump take place under evident shortage of nutrients (especially K and P) and excess of metals (especially Fe, Mn and Zn). Taking into account the revealed values of macronutrients optimal concentrations and revealed the heavy metals lowest content in the leaves, we assume that Ash-leaved maple and Black locust (compared to the Silver Birch) are more resistant to the geochemical conditions of devastated lands.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Michelmore, Richard, Eviatar Nevo, Abraham Korol, and Tzion Fahima. Genetic Diversity at Resistance Gene Clusters in Wild Populations of Lactuca. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573075.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Genetic resistance is often the least expensive, most effective, and ecologically-sound method of disease control. It is becoming apparent that plant genomes contain large numbers of disease resistance genes. However, the numbers of different resistance specificities within a genepool and the genetic mechanisms generating diversity are poorly understood. Our objectives were to characterize diversity in clusters of resistance genes in wild progenitors of cultivated lettuce in Israel and California in comparison to diversity within cultivated lettuce, and to determine the extent of gene flow, recombination, and genetic instability in generating variation within clusters of resistance genes. Genetic diversity of resistance genes was analyzed in wild and cultivated germplasm using molecular markers derived from lettuce resistance gene sequences of the NBS-LRR type that mapped to the major cluster if resistance genes in lettuce (Sicard et al. 1999). Three molecular markers, one microsatellite marker and two SCAR markers that amplified LRR- encoding regions, were developed from sequences of resistance gene homologs at the Dm3 cluster (RGC2s) in lettuce. Variation for these markers was assessed in germplasm including 74 genotypes of cultivated lettuce, L. saliva and 71 accessions of the three wild Lactuca spp., L. serriola, L. saligna and L. virosa that represent the major species in the sexually accessible genepool for lettuce. Diversity was also studied within and between natural populations of L. serriola from Israel and California. Large numbers of haplotypes were detected indicating the presence of numerous resistance genes in wild species. We documented a variety of genetic events occurring at clusters of resistance genes for the second objective (Sicard et al., 1999; Woo el al., in prep; Kuang et al., in prepb). The diversity of resistance genes in haplotypes provided evidence for gene duplication and unequal crossing over during the evolution of this cluster of resistance genes. Comparison of nine resistance genes in cv. Diana identified 22 gene conversion and five intergenic recombinations. We cloned and sequenced a 700 bp region from the middle of RGC2 genes from six genotypes, two each from L. saliva, L. serriola, and L. saligna . We have identified over 60 unique RGC2 sequences. Phylogenetic analysis surprisingly demonstrated much greater similarity between than within genotypes. This led to the realization that resistance genes are evolving much slower than had previously been assumed and to a new model as to how resistance genes are evolving (Michelmore and Meyers, 1998). The genetic structure of L. serriola was studied using 319 AFLP markers (Kuang et al., in prepa). Forty-one populations from Turkey, Armenia, Israel, and California as well as seven European countries were examined. AFLP marker data showed that the Turkish and Armenian populations were the most polymorphic populations and the European populations were the least. The Davis, CA population, a recent post-Columbian colonization, showed medium genetic diversity and was genetically close to the Turkish populations. Our results suggest that Turkey - Armenia may be the center of origin and diversity of L. serriola and may therefore have the greatest diversity of resistance genes. Our characterization of the diversity of resistance genes and the genetic mechanisms generating it will allow informed exploration, in situ and ex situ conservation, and utilization of germplasm resources for disease control. The results of this project provide the basis for our future research work, which will lead to a detailed understanding of the evolution of resistance genes in plants.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'CCA wood' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography