Relevant bibliographies by topics / CBR VALUE

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'CBR VALUE'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "CBR VALUE"

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Dobrzycki, Patryk. "The Impact of Polypropylene Fibre Addition on the CBR Value." Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0017.

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Abstract The classic test for soil or aggregate bearing capacity in road construction is the CBR test. The results of the CBR were determined for gravelly sand and sand with the addition of 1.5% cement, as well as for their mixtures with 18 mm long polypropylene fibres in the amounts of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%. The effect of compaction and time of curing of samples stabilised with hydraulic binder were also determined. The natural soil without cement and fibre additions had relatively high CBR values. The additions of 0.1% and 0.2% polypropylene fibres to the dry mass of the soil resulted in an approximately 2-fold increase in the CBR value for the samples compacted using the standard method. Increasing the amount of fibres to 0.3% caused a reduction in the CBR value to that obtained without fibre addition. For samples compacted using the modified Proctor method, the observations are different. Only the sample with 0.2% fibre addition achieved a slightly higher CBR value. Moreover, the addition of 1.5% cement and the length of treatment increased the CBR values.
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Suthar, Manju, and Praveen Aggarwal. "Modeling CBR Value using RF and M5P Techniques." MENDEL 25, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.13164/mendel.2019.1.073.

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Two modeling techniques namely (i) Random forest (RF) and (ii) M5P model tree are used to model, soaked California bearing ratio (CBR) value of thermal power plant generated stabilized pond ash. Pond ash was stabilized with the help of commercially available lime and industrial waste lime sludge. CBR data generated from exhaustive experimental programme was used in the study. Variations in doses of stabilizer i.e. lime (L) and lime sludge (LS), curing duration (CP) and proctor test results density (MDD) & moisture (OMC) are considered as input variables. Experimentally observed CBR value was used as output variable. Performance of models was measured using standard statistical parameters. Although, both the model’s performance in predicting CBR value is satisfactory however from the statistical parameters it is evident that RF method perform better in comparison to M5P model. Sensitivity analyses identify CP as the most influencing factor that affects CBR value of the stabilized pond ash.
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Heldita, Dina. "ANALISIS KEPADATAN TANAH PADA RUAS JALAN MASUK KEMAKAM GURU CANTUNG KECAMATAN KELUMPANG HULU KABUPATEN KOTABARU." AL ULUM JURNAL SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 5, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/ajst.v5i1.2715.

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Support for highway planning that must be determined according to the optimal traffic requirements for traffic that is in accordance with its function. Analysis of soil density on the Banian-Sungai Durian road uses a Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) tool with the aim of finding the CBR value of the soil. The value supported is to get the DCP value, the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value, and the Land Carrying Capacity (DDT) value. Tests carried out along the 1,550 m with a width of 4m. For the point of data collection zigzag per 100 m. The test results show the average value of DCP is 29.32 mm, while the average value of CBR is 5.07%. Design CBR value is 2.24%, with DDT is 4.47%. The CBR value of the design obtained does not meet the standard CBR value requirements that have been set at 6%. It needs to be re-compacted on the ground because it does not meet the CBR value standards that have been determined and approved to add road pavement.Keywords: Land density, DCP, Field CBR, Banian Village
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Amrullah, Arif, and Mega Yunanda. "ANALISA DAYA DUKUNG TANAH (CBR) MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN PENAMBAH KAPUR + SEMEN DALAM PROSENTASE TERTENTU." JURNAL ILMIAH BERING'S 7, no. 02 (October 5, 2020): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36050/berings.v7i02.288.

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The phenomenon of development (swelling) of clay soil which causes various impacts on the construction of civil buildings, especially road construction, especially in the area of ​​South Sumatra where most of the area is swampy. One of the mixtures to improve soil quality can use lime and cement with certain levels. The research method is experimental in the laboratory. The results of the physical properties test, namely the Sieve Analysis to pass No.200, obtained a value of 82.70%, Density obtained a value of 2.523, Liquid Limit obtained a value of 76.84%, Plastic Limit obtained a value of 44.78%, Plasticity Index obtained a value of 32.06%. The results of mechanical properties testing, namely Standard Density, obtained a Yd value of 1.216 gr / cm3 at the optimum water content of 37.20%, laboratory CBR obtained a CBR value of 3.73%. The CBR test results of the original Soil Laboratory showed that the CBR value was 3.73%. The results of laboratory CBR testing with the addition of 2% lime + 2% cement obtained CBR values ​​of 16.46%. The results of laboratory CBR testing with the addition of 4% lime + 4% cement obtained CBR values ​​of 28.60%. The results of laboratory CBR testing with the addition of 6% lime + 6% cement, obtained a CBR value of 34.48%.
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Wu, Xi Rong, and Jun Ming Shen. "Research on the Impact of Moisture Content on the CBR Value of Shanxi Loess." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.80.

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Several typical soil samples in Shanxi Province were selected. Laboratory experiments were adopted to study the CBR of the three kinds of soil samples with different compaction and different water content. Orthogonal experiment was used to analyze the impact of factors including water content, compaction and soil sample category on the CBR value. The result shows that the moisture content has great impact on CBR value and the CBR value is maximize under optimum moisture content and maximum degree of compaction condition, while the not flooded CBR is decrease with the increasing of water content.
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Santoso, Gatot, and Achmad Munajir. "Nilai CBR Agregat Laterit Exs.Makroman Dengan Penambahan Tanah Pilihan Sebagai Material Lapis Pondasi Bawah (LPB)." Kurva S : Jurnal Keilmuan dan Aplikasi Teknik Sipil 8, no. 3 (December 6, 2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.31293/teknikd.v8i3.6242.

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From the results of the CBR test, only one variation of the mixture qualifies as a bottom foundation layer material, namely with a 20% soil mixture who’s minimum CBR value is 60%. Furthermore, the test was carried out combined with the hammer aggregate with composition (laterite aggregate 35%, hammer aggregate 50%, soil 15%) obtained a CBR value of 78% with a value of Gs = 2,748 gr / cc, γd max = 1.667 gr / cm3, at Wopt = 17.02%. In the composition (laterite aggregate 25%, hammer aggregate 50%, soil 25%) obtained a CBR value of 96% with a value of Gs = 2.748 gr / cc, γd max = 1.702 gr / cm3, in Wopt = 18.02%. While in the composition (laterite aggregate 20%, hammer aggregate 60%, soil 20%) obtained a CBR value of 88% with a value of Gs = 2.748 gr / cc, γd max = 1,740 gr / cm3, in Wopt = 16.02%. So that the CBR value meets the lower foundation layer material standard, where the minimum CBR standard is 60%.Dari hasil pengujian CBR hanya satu variasi campuran yang memenuhi syarat sebagai material lapis pondasi bawah yaitu dengan campuran tanah 20% yang nilai CBR minimumnya 60%. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian dikombinasikan dengan agregat palu dengan komposisi (agregat laterit 35%, agregat palu 50%, tanah 15%) diperoleh nilai CBR sebesar 78% dengan nilai Gs = 2,748 gr/cc, γd max = 1,667 gr/cm3, pada Wopt = 17,02%. Pada komposisi (agregat laterit 25%, agregat palu 50%, tanah 25%) diperoleh nilai CBR sebesar 96% dengan nilai Gs = 2,748 gr/cc, γd max = 1,702 gr/cm3, pada Wopt = 18,02%. Sedangkan pada komposisi (agregat laterit 20%, agregat palu 60%, tanah 20%) diperoleh nilai CBR sebesar 88% dengan nilai Gs = 2,748 gr/cc, γd max = 1,740 gr/cm3, pada Wopt = 16,02%. Sehingga nilai CBR memenuhi standar material lapis pondasi bawah, dimana standar CBR minimumnya sebesar 60%.
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Wu, Xi Rong, and Li Li Zhu. "Analysis of the Influence of Water Content on Shanxi Loess CBR and Rebound Module." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.820.

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Selection of five typical loess in Shanxi Province, the paper adopt the indoor test methods to prepares the different compaction and different moisture content specimens which were used to test CBR value and rebound module, analyzes the impact of compactness and moisture content on the CBR value and resilient modulus and establishes the relationship of CBR and moisture content. The result shows that the level of moisture content has great impact on CBR value and rebound module. The CBR value is maximal under optimum moisture content and maximum degree of compaction condition. The times of compaction have little effect on the improvement of CBR with increasing water content. The relationship of the soaking CBR,resilient modulus and the moisture content shows a certain regularity.Key words: Loess filler;the CBR;resilient modulus;compactness;moisture content;relationship
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Fajri, Aswantu, and Sazuatmo Sazuatmo. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Tutup Botol Air Mineral Sebagai Filler Pada Lapis Perkerasan Base a." MAJALAH TEKNIK SIMES 15, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32663/simes.v15i2.2064.

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One of the most common plastic wastes found around us is the cap of mineral water bottles. The waste of mineral water bottle caps as a filler on the basis is expected to reduce the impact of plastic waste it self and reduce rock waste in the quarry. Tests carried out by adding fillers of mineral water bottle cap waste as much as 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. The ability of mineral water bottle cap waste as a filler can be tested by looking at the value of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) generated after addition. CBR testing is carried out by the laboratory CBR test method using a CBR penetration tool. From the examiners, the results show that; base A aggregate without the addition of mineral water bottle cap waste with a CBR value of 93.38%; the addition of 10% of mineral water bottle cap waste resulted in a CBR value of 98.73%. The addition of 20% obtained a CBR value of 96.55%; and an addition of 30% resulted in a CBR value of 87.65%. The addition of 10% and 20% of mineral water bottle cap waste filler can increase the CBR base A value, because it produces a larger CBR value without addition. Meanwhile, an increase of 30% will actually reduce the strength of the base itself because the resulting CBR value is smaller. The addition of filler of mineral water bottle cap waste can increase the CBR value of base A with the right composition. Utilization of mineral water bottle cap waste at base A will reduce the amount of plastic waste and reduce environmental pollution, as well as reduce the overexploitation of rocks for base A raw material.
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Arbianto, Reki, Teguh Yuono, and G. Gunarso. "Comparison of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Value Based on Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP)." Journal of Advanced Civil and Environmental Engineering 4, no. 2 (November 12, 2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jacee.4.2.70-78.

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In civil engineering, land is important because as a place for building infrastructure to be built, so that the building infrastructure on it is stable, adequate carrying capacity is needed. The amount of soil bearing capacity can be determined in several ways, including the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Field Test, Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP). The CBR and DCP tests are often used to determine the level of surface soil density on road structures, while CPT is usually used to determine the hard soil layer on the building structure. However, in certain situations Sondir and DCP data are often used to predict the CBR value, because the test is quite practical and efficient compared to the CBR test. CBR testing requires heavy equipment which in most small-scale projects is not available. In this study, we compared the CBR value based on the data obtained from the Sondir and DCP tests. Data collection was carried out in Surakarta and its surroundings. Based on the test results, the CBR value generated from the DCP test tends to be smaller than that from the CPT test with a ratio of 0.62: 1. This study resulted in the relationship between CBR values from the results of the CPT and DCP tests shown in the following equation: CBR (DCP) % = 0.2552 CBR(CPT) + 2.6306 and CBR (DCP) % = 0.617 CBR(CPT).
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Handayani, Noviyanthy, and Norseta Ajie Saputra. "Persamaan Nilai Korelasi Indeks Plastisitas (PI) Tanah Dengan California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Tanah Lempung Palangka Raya." Media Ilmiah Teknik Sipil 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/mits.v8i1.1150.

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During this time to get the value of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) planners will conduct field tests and/or laboratory tests. This takes time and is relatively large. For this reason, it is needed a practical matter or formulation about the relationship between soil parameters so that planners do not need to test the overall soil parameters. This study aims to obtain a graph or correlation of the Plasticity Index (PI) with California Bearing Ratio (CBR) for clay soils in the Palangka Raya region. Clay soil samples were taken at 3 (three) locations in the City of Palangka Raya. Based on the results of tests on several samples obtained the largest CBR value in soil samples from Tangkiling village which reached a value of 6.56%. While the lowest CBR value obtained from the village of Kereng Bengkirai is 3.14%. For the PI value, the biggest value obtained in Bukit Rawi village is the largest, namely 20.54% and the smallest PI value obtained in Tangkiling village is 9.01%. In general, it can be concluded that the CBR value of clay is inversely proportional to the value of PI. Wherein it is known that the greater the CBR value, the smaller the PI value and vice versa. The overall correlation results of the PI value (plasticity index) to the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) obtain the correlation results using the linear graph CBR = -0.28383 PI + 8,9843. While the correlation value based on analytical calculations obtained CBR = -0,3006X + 9,0190. This test shows that the correlation value has a very high relationship when viewed from the benchmark correlation results (R = 0.80-1.00). The results of the correlation value using linear regression graphs worth R = 0.8489 and using analytical correlation methods worth R = 0.9283. So the final result of this study is to look for a relationship between PI values ??and CBR values. Then for the value of R is taken the smallest value that is R = 0.8489.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CBR VALUE"

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Montanhini, Lúcia Regina Assumpção. "Comportamento geotécnico de solos da rodovia BR-476, trecho: Lapa - São Mateus do Sul (PR) e equação de correlação entre os valores CBR e CIV (Clegg Impact value) para solos da região." Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/85635.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil.
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Este estudo tem como objeto a avaliação do equipamento Clegg Hammer e a adequabilidade de utilização do mesmo como medida complementar aos ensaios CBR. O estudo apresenta uma análise do comportamento apresentado para os solos da região compreendida pela rodovia BR-476, trecho Lapa - São Mateus do Sul no Estado do Paraná. São enfatizados os comportamentos destes solos no que diz respeito a avaliação para fins rodoviários buscando enfocar peculiaridades que possam intervir no resultado dos ensaios CBR e Clegg Hammer. Como contribuição principal deste estudo está a determinação da formulação matemática de ajuste que permita estabelecer a correlação, mediante análise de regressão, dos valores resultantes para os ensaios CBR e Clegg Hammer, definida pela a equação de correlação entre os valores CBR e CIV (Clegg Impact Value). The object of this study is to evaluate the Clegg Hammer equipment and to adapt the utilization of the same as complemental measure to the CBR tests. The study presents an analysis of the behavior presented for the soils of the area understood by the highway BR-476, segment Lapa - São Mateus do Sul in the State of Paraná. The behaviors of these soils are emphasized in relation of the evaluation for roads looking for to focus peculiarities that can intervene in the result of the CBR and Clegg Hammer tests. As main contribution of this study is the determination of the mathematical formulation of adjustment that allows to establish the correlation, by regression analysis, of the resulting values for the CBR and Clegg Hammer tests, defined for the correlation equation among the values CBR and CIV (Clegg Impact Value).
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Fujiki, Kazuhiko. "A study on CBD land value variations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27261.

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This thesis examines CBD (Central Business District) land value variations. The objectives of this study are (1) to compare monocentric and nonmonocentric models and (2) to analyze the determinants of CBD land value variations. Transactions of vacant land from 1975 to 1987 in Central Ward (Chuo Ku), Tokyo, comprise the data base for this study. A monocentric model and nonmonocentric model are compared using a negative exponential function and trend surface analysis (based on a double power series of location coordinates). For the comparison, three-dimensional pictures and contour maps are utilized as well as statistics of goodness-of-fit and predictive powers. To analyze determinants of CBD land value variations, we employ a hedonic-price approach. Trend surface analysis is superior to the monocentric model in terms of goodness-of-fit and predictive powers. However, centrality is still an important determinant. Proximity to subway or railway stations, or to the Ginza shopping area, are also important factors. Other influential determinants include time of sale, lot shape, corner location, road width, and floor area ratio.
Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
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Beetham, Isobel F. "Stakeholder values of car parking." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18667.

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Widespread car usage of around 800 million of cars travelling 30 billion of kilometres on a daily basis has led to many benefits but also to significant environmental and societal impacts such as congestion, air and noise pollution and urban sprawl. This thesis aims to investigate the stakeholder values of car parking in order to support and inform the decision makers who are tasked with how best to resolve challenging car parking dilemmas. A two phase progressive methodology is involved. Phase one begins with conducting a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews with eight academics to identify whom the stakeholders are that are affected by car parking. Then a second series of 20 interviews are conducted with sector leaders of stakeholder groups to establish how the stakeholders are affected by car parking and importantly, how they value car parking. Finally a third series of nine interviews are conducted with nine different experts to help to bridge the gap between phase one and phase two. Phase one found that a broader reach of stakeholders (classified into four different groups) are affected by car parking than the literature might imply, and that they value car parking in eight different key ways. It also found that the values emerged from a context of governmental, social and consumer concerns. Phase two of the methodology was quantitative and used the findings from phase one to develop four additional attributes considered meaningful across all four stakeholder groups, namely: safety, politics, public spaces and weekly household council tax. Choice based conjoint analysis was used to incorporate the attributes into three hypothetical scenarios namely; driver, strategy and social, as these were considered to be reflective of the value context unearthed previously in phase one. The scenarios were disseminated across England as part of a wider survey and achieved a sample size of 1107 responses. The results of which were then interpreted through willingness to pay (WTP) values. Key findings included: how a persistent political undertone can impact on car parking policy setting; that the car parking industry is under pressure to provide a service chiefly motivated by a perceived consumer intolerance of market prices; and that stakeholders can not only appreciate but also experience the impact of car parking choices on other stakeholder groups. Conclusions drawn included that the different stakeholder groups took issue with national government leadership believing it to currently be deficient in setting the standards for British car parking. Moreover, decision makers wrongly perceive that consumers of car parking do not pass between the groups and are therefore hostile to policies which do not directly benefit them. The key implication being that decision makers are cautious to implement policies which are not necessarily advantageous to consumers but which may lead to gains for the remaining stakeholder groups. In short, this thesis recommends amongst others that the governmental stakeholder group should seek to provide direction and guidelines for tariff setting which is reflective of the provision of a service that is conscious of the range of parking industry stakeholder values. Furthermore, as safety is an industry held value, practitioners should seek to better understand how it impacts their market. They should explore the relevance of schemes such as Park Mark to operators and their customers, by fundamentally investigating to what extent safety exists as a valid concern inside car parks and how it applies to personal safety, vehicle safety or general perceptions of safety. In addition, where the governmental stakeholder group remain mindful of the significance of securing political backing, the car parking industry would benefit from appreciating the sensitivities of political challenges faced by the governmental group when lobbying for any changes in parking policy programmes. Indeed, the parking industry should collaborate between the two parties and seek to unite in finding agreeable solutions which benefit constituents either directly or indirectly. As car parking values might differ according to their geopolitical context and lead to the extraction of a different set of attributes, further work would include looking beyond England to first the UK and then to abroad to explore the effects of potential cultural differences and learn the relevant lessons.
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Karlsson, Sten. "What are the value and implications of two-car households for the electric car?" Elsevier, 2017. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72812.

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The major barriers to a more widespread introduction of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) beyond early adopters are the limited range, charging limitations, and costly batteries. An important question is therefore where these effects can be most effectively mitigated. An optimization model is developed to estimate the potential for BEVs to replace one of the conventional cars in two-car households and to viably contribute to the households’ driving demand. It uses data from 1 to 3 months of simultaneous GPS logging of the movement patterns for both cars in 64 commuting Swedish two-car households in the Gothenburg region. The results show that, for home charging only, a flexible vehicle use strategy can considerably increase BEV driving and nearly eliminate the unfulfilled driving in the household due to the range and charging limitations with a small battery. The present value of this flexibility is estimated to be on average $6000–$7000 but varies considerably between households. With possible near-future prices for BEVs based on mass production cost estimates, this flexibility makes the total cost of ownership (TCO) for a BEV advantageous in almost all the investigated households compared to a conventional vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle. Because of the ubiquity of multi-car households in developed economies, these families could be ideal candidates for the initial efforts to enhance BEV adoptions beyond the early adopters. The results of this research can inform the design and marketing of cheaper BEVs with small but enough range and contribute to increased knowledge and awareness of the suitability of BEVs in such households.
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Švarcová, Monika. "Dvoufázový systém stabilizace podloží vozovek." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392147.

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This diploma thesis is focused on the properties of unsuitable and conditionally unsuitable fine-grained soils after a one-stage or two-stage treatment by using a binder. The theoretical part occupies with problematical properties of the fine grained soils in a subgrade and a possible technology of the change of these properties. The laboratory testing of treated soils is described and a practical technology of the one stage and two-stage stabilization. In the practical part the fine grained soils are treated by one-stage or two-stage stabilization. For the one stage stabilization the cement is used, for the two-stage stabilization the properties of the soil are improved by lime and then the soil is stabilized by cement. The treated soils are laboratory tested, the initial bearing index IBI, California bearing ratio CBR, unconfined compressive strength and frost susceptibility is tested. Based on the results of the laboratory tests the benefit of the two-stage stabilization is measured.
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Srouji, Nora Jazmin <1987&gt. "Value creation and value appropriation dynamics: The case of the emergence of self driving car business." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9488.

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Several recent events provide a strong signal that autonomous vehicle technology has led the automotive industry to a pivotal point. After a long period of stability, the automotive industry is transforming, when incumbents and newcomers are re-grouping in ecosystems, and sharing models redefining the “mobility sector”. The goals of this master thesis are to determine how Open Innovation creates new possibilities in organizing innovation within the ecosystem, thus giving rise to new drivers for value creation and value appropriation. To show how conventional carmakers are adapting to the new scenario in the era when connectivity and shared mobility takes off, and driverless vehicles come closer to reality. This study presents an attempt to offer some first thoughts on how the self-driving car industry might evolve. Whether the value will migrate from the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to software or communication technology providers, as it did in the early computing industry. It will cause the rise of new industry platforms, that will act as an engine of innovation for the whole business ecosystem, redefining industrial architectures and business models. Finally, the thesis aims to identify the legal, ethical and economic impacts that self-driving vehicles can cause in society. For this purpose, some scenarios of potential winners and losers in the automotive industry will be presented in the conclusions. Keywords: Open Innovation, New Business Ecosystems, Value creation and Value appropriation, Self-driving cars, Business models, Changing regulatory and legal frameworks
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Forsberg, Veronica. "VSM for a car dealer." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-133209.

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På Söderbergs Personbilar i Norrköping AB bedrivs en serviceprocess för begagnade bilar, en tjänsteverksamhet som idag är präglad av en stor ineffektivitet med avseende på tid. I detta examensarbete utförs en fallstudie på företaget där problemet analyseras i syfte att identifiera det tidssvinn som förekommer i processen, utreda dess uppkomst, samt formulera passande åtgärdsförslag till företaget som vid ett genomförande skulle minska genomloppstiden för bilarna i processen. Intervjuer och observationer har skapat en övergripande förståelse för processen, där förklaringar har erhållits om hur processen är tänkt att fungera, hur den fungerar i praktiken, och varför den fungerar som den gör. Som komplement till detta har värdeflödeskartläggning av två bilar genomförts, där bilarnas färd genom processen studerades i praktiken. De två bilarna studerades från dess inkommande till företaget tills det att de var klara till försäljning. Genom detta erhölls ytterligare information om processen. I värdeflödeskartläggningen framkom det att tidssvinnet var stort för bägge bilar, och att andelen tid för värdehöjande aktiviteter var mycket liten för bilarna. Allt material om processen analyseras och ett antal olika åtgärdsförslag för processen är framarbetade till företaget. Tre huvudåtgärder presenteras som vid ett införande troligen skulle underlätta avsevärt för företaget vid ett genomförande av övriga åtgärdsförslag. Den första av dessa tre huvudåtgärder är att tillsätta en ledare för processen, något som saknas idag. Ledaren ska ha befogenheter att genomföra förändringar i processen, och ska arbeta för en ständig förbättring av processen. Den andra huvudåtgärden är att utveckla nedskrivna standarder för personalen som beskriver hur alla aktiviteter inom processen ska utföras. Standarderna ska vara utformade så att aktiviteterna utförs på ett optimalt sätt. Den tredje huvudåtgärden är att göra fler resurser dedikerade inom processen. Dessa tre åtgärder, och övriga åtgärdsförslag skulle med största sannolikhet generera en avsevärt kortare genomloppstid för bilarna, det vill säga precis det resultat som eftersöks i processen.
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Strand, Elliot, and Viktor Sandell. "The Key Value Components of a Customer Value Proposition for Free-Floating Car Sharing Services in the Nordics." Thesis, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52829.

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A well-crafted, locally adapted customer value proposition (CVP) can aid businesses in attaining loyal customers. The main purpose of this research is to determine the key value components that should be considered for the development of a CVP, for free-floating car sharing services in the Nordic region. This is done by establishing the relationship between deductively identified value components, perceived value, satisfaction, trust, and loyalty.  A research framework is proposed, where the relationships between the different constructs are hypothesised. Quantitative data is collected from existing car sharing users in the Nordic countries, through a self-administered online questionnaire, distributed through a non-probability sampling method. The empirical data is analysed through multiple regression analysis using the software SPSS, and the extension “PROCESS”, as well as additional analysis techniques to ensure data quality. The research findings indicate that perceived convenience, need fit, and a low service price positively impact both perceived value, as well as satisfaction. Satisfaction shows a stronger, positive effect on loyalty than that of perceived value, yet, loyalty is better explained when both constructs are accounted for. Additionally, trust shows to carry a mediating effect between both satisfaction and loyalty, as well as between perceived value and loyalty. Therefore, firms operating within this context should emphasise the customer needs to provide a service which is perceived as affordable and convenient. Finally, efforts should be taken to reduce uncertainty, and promote trust between the service providers, and their users.
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CALZOLARI, DAVIDE. "OPTIMIZING CANNABIS SATIVA CULTIVATION TO INCREASE HIGH ADDED-VALUE COMPOUNDS IN SEED AND THRESHING RESIDUE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/39868.

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Il rinnovato interesse nella coltivazione della canapa industriale non è stato supportato da studi approfonditi e generalmente si basa su esperienze dirette di coltivazione. Questo studio si prefigge come obbiettivo quello di sfruttare tutte la parti della pianta di canapa per migliorare l’economicità complessiva della sua coltivazione tramite l’uso di tecniche agronomiche e di pratiche post-raccolta. La Cannabis sativa ha un vasto campo di applicazioni, tra cui le più promettenti in termini di ritorno economico sono il cosmetico e il farmaceutico. I composti naturali più interessanti della Cannabis sono i cannabinoidi non-psicoattivi cannabidiolo (CBD) e cannabigerolo (CBG) presenti in elevate concentrazioni nelle foglie e nelle brattee di Cannabis. Altri metaboliti secondari prodotti dalla canapa e di grande interesse sono le cannflavine, una classe di prenil-flavonoidi caratteristico di questa specie. Nel primo e nel secondo capitolo la dinamica temporale di accumulo dei metaboliti secondari ad elevato valore aggiunto è stata monitorata per alcune delle varietà più comuni di canapa industriale ed è stata determinata la produzione potenziale di questi composti. Nel terzo capitolo una collezione di semi di canapa è stata valutata per le caratteristiche morfologiche e per il contenuto e la qualità dell’olio. Concludendo questo studio contribuisce allo sviluppo di una coltivazione della canapa per le molteplici destinazioni d’uso dei semi e del fitocomplesso.
Rapidly growing interest into industrial hemp cultivation is not supported by strong data and generally is referred to a limited experience on field cultivation. This study aims to exploit all the parts of hemp plant, in order to ameliorate the overall economy of its cultivation and by providing information on agronomic management and post-harvest operations. Cannabis sativa has a wide range of industrial applications and the most promising, in terms of economic revenues, are the cosmetic and pharmaceutics. The most interesting phytochemicals in Cannabis are the cannabinoids, in particular the non-intoxicating compounds cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG), present at high concentration in the leaves and bracts of Cannabis. Some other promising secondary metabolites of hemp are cannflavins, a class of prenyl-flavonoids characteristic of this species. In the first and second chapter the time course accumulation of high added-value compounds was monitored for some of the most common industrial hemp cultivars, and the potential production was assessed. In the third chapter a collection of hemp seeds was evaluated for its morphological characteristics and for its oil content and quality. In conclusion this thesis contributes to a further development of multipurpose hemp cultivation for seed and phytocomplex production.
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CALZOLARI, DAVIDE. "OPTIMIZING CANNABIS SATIVA CULTIVATION TO INCREASE HIGH ADDED-VALUE COMPOUNDS IN SEED AND THRESHING RESIDUE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/39868.

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Il rinnovato interesse nella coltivazione della canapa industriale non è stato supportato da studi approfonditi e generalmente si basa su esperienze dirette di coltivazione. Questo studio si prefigge come obbiettivo quello di sfruttare tutte la parti della pianta di canapa per migliorare l’economicità complessiva della sua coltivazione tramite l’uso di tecniche agronomiche e di pratiche post-raccolta. La Cannabis sativa ha un vasto campo di applicazioni, tra cui le più promettenti in termini di ritorno economico sono il cosmetico e il farmaceutico. I composti naturali più interessanti della Cannabis sono i cannabinoidi non-psicoattivi cannabidiolo (CBD) e cannabigerolo (CBG) presenti in elevate concentrazioni nelle foglie e nelle brattee di Cannabis. Altri metaboliti secondari prodotti dalla canapa e di grande interesse sono le cannflavine, una classe di prenil-flavonoidi caratteristico di questa specie. Nel primo e nel secondo capitolo la dinamica temporale di accumulo dei metaboliti secondari ad elevato valore aggiunto è stata monitorata per alcune delle varietà più comuni di canapa industriale ed è stata determinata la produzione potenziale di questi composti. Nel terzo capitolo una collezione di semi di canapa è stata valutata per le caratteristiche morfologiche e per il contenuto e la qualità dell’olio. Concludendo questo studio contribuisce allo sviluppo di una coltivazione della canapa per le molteplici destinazioni d’uso dei semi e del fitocomplesso.
Rapidly growing interest into industrial hemp cultivation is not supported by strong data and generally is referred to a limited experience on field cultivation. This study aims to exploit all the parts of hemp plant, in order to ameliorate the overall economy of its cultivation and by providing information on agronomic management and post-harvest operations. Cannabis sativa has a wide range of industrial applications and the most promising, in terms of economic revenues, are the cosmetic and pharmaceutics. The most interesting phytochemicals in Cannabis are the cannabinoids, in particular the non-intoxicating compounds cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG), present at high concentration in the leaves and bracts of Cannabis. Some other promising secondary metabolites of hemp are cannflavins, a class of prenyl-flavonoids characteristic of this species. In the first and second chapter the time course accumulation of high added-value compounds was monitored for some of the most common industrial hemp cultivars, and the potential production was assessed. In the third chapter a collection of hemp seeds was evaluated for its morphological characteristics and for its oil content and quality. In conclusion this thesis contributes to a further development of multipurpose hemp cultivation for seed and phytocomplex production.
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Books on the topic "CBR VALUE"

1

Hill, Tony. Car numbers value guide. Bradford-on-Avon: Hartley Publications, 1987.

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Hill, Tony. Car numbers value guide. 2nd ed. Melksham: Hartley, 1991.

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Kendrew, Pape, and Wise Mel, eds. Gordon Pape's 1997 car value guide. Scarborough, Ont: Prentice Hall Canada, 1996.

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Kendrew, Pape, and Wise Mel, eds. Gordon Pape's 1996 car value guide. Scarborough, Ont: Prentice-Hall Canada, 1996.

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Julian, McNamara, ed. Coy's complete collectors' and investors' car value guide. London: Dalton Watson, 1987.

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Jones, Brian Nelson. Car values: Auction prices across the nation. 8th ed. Iola, WI: Krause Publications (700 E. State Street. 54990), 1987.

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Co, Kelley Blue Book, ed. Kelley blue book: Used car bluebook values and new car pricing. Irvine, Calif: Kelley Blue Book, 1995.

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Graubart, Levin Michael, ed. Nascar nation: How racing's values mirror the nation's. Toronto: Fenn-M&S, 2012.

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Inc. Gillis & Associates and Jack Gillis. The Value Car Book 2000 (Value Car Book). Collins, 2000.

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The Value Car Book 2000 (Value Car Book). Collins, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "CBR VALUE"

1

Gabel, Thomas, and Martin Riedmiller. "CBR for State Value Function Approximation in Reinforcement Learning." In Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, 206–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11536406_18.

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Patel, Pritesh, Arvind Kumar, and Vaibhav Sharma. "Influence of Admixtures on the CBR Value of Soil: A Review." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 265–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7010-6_26.

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Wimalasena, Kasun, and Chaminda Gallage. "Predicting California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Value of a Selected Subgrade Material." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 547–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87379-0_41.

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Naeini, S. A., and M. R. Yousefzadeh. "Effect of plasticity index and reinforcement on the CBR value of soft clay." In New Horizons in Earth Reinforcement, 335–39. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003416753-50.

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Faggian, Claudia, and Giulio Guerrieri. "Factorization in Call-by-Name and Call-by-Value Calculi via Linear Logic." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 205–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71995-1_11.

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AbstractIn each variant of the $$\lambda $$ λ -calculus, factorization and normalization are two key properties that show how results are computed. Instead of proving factorization/normalization for the call-by-name (CbN) and call-by-value (CbV) variants separately, we prove them only once, for the bang calculus (an extension of the $$\lambda $$ λ -calculus inspired by linear logic and subsuming CbN and CbV), and then we transfer the result via translations, obtaining factorization/normalization for CbN and CbV.The approach is robust: it still holds when extending the calculi with operators and extra rules to model some additional computational features.
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Schoenfeld, Alan, Heather Fink, Sandra Zuñiga-Ruiz, Siqi Huang, Xinyu Wei, and Brantina Chirinda. "The Car Value Problem." In Helping Students Become Powerful Mathematics Thinkers, 25–81. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003375197-4.

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Alvira, Rafael. "CSR: What Does It Mean?" In The True Value of CSR, 3–14. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137433206_1.

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Abell, Peter, Ofer Engel, and Henry P. Wynn. "Corporate Social Responsibility, Inequality and Corporate Governance." In The True Value of CSR, 163–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137433206_10.

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Smith-Hillman, A. Vindelyn. "Actions Speak Louder than Words: Competitive Conduct vs. CSR Policy." In The True Value of CSR, 175–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137433206_11.

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Davis, Peter. "The Capitalist Economy and CSR: Contradictions and Inconsistencies: From CSR to Business in Development." In The True Value of CSR, 194–210. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137433206_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "CBR VALUE"

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Nini, Robert. "Effect of Soil Loading Surcharge on its CBR Value." In The 3rd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icgre18.124.

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Zhu, Fengjie, Xuesong Mao, Wenlin Li, and Haining Zhang. "Improved phyllite packing of CBR value influence factor analysis." In 2016 6th International Conference on Machinery, Materials, Environment, Biotechnology and Computer. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mmebc-16.2016.307.

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Garcia Valadares Xavier, Clarice, Maria Clara Cardoso Gomes Zampirolli, Júlio Silvio de Sousa Bueno Filho, Anna Carolina Faria Moreira Gomes Tavares, Fabricia Fonseca Simil, Maria Raquel Costa Pinto, Leandro Augusto Tanure, and Gustavo Gomes Resende. "THE VALUE OF MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS BIOPSY FOR THE DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF SJOGREN'S SYNDROME." In 37o Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia. SBR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47660/cbr.2020.17827.

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Liu, Zhanliang, Yongman Zhang, and Jianhong Di. "Analysis on the Factors Affecting the CBR Value of Silt Roadbed." In Second International Conference on Transportation Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41039(345)300.

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Lai, Lucas K. C., and James N. K. Liu. "A neural network and CBR-based model for Sewing Minute Value." In 2009 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2009 - Atlanta). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2009.5178803.

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Tajudin, Anissa, Ni Luh Setyarini, and Devy Darmawati. "The Influence of CBR Value and Overloading on Flexible Pavement Mechanistic Response." In Proceedings of the 11th Asia Pacific Transportation and the Environment Conference (APTE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/apte-18.2019.13.

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de Oliveira Pinheiro, Filipe, Maria Seabra Rato, Bruno Miguel Fernandes, Salomé Garcia, Sara Santos, Pedro Madureira, Miguel Bernardes, and Lúcia Costa. "Osteoporosis treatment in Portuguese patients with psoriatic arthritis - what is the value of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX)?" In Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia 2020. Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47660/cbr.2020.16621.

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Labellapansa, Ause, Akmar Efendi, Ana Yulianti, and Evizal Abdul Kadir. "Lambda value analysis on Weighted Minkowski distance model in CBR of Schizophrenia type diagnosis." In 2016 4th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoict.2016.7571898.

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Sarna, Sharmin Ara, Gyuhyeong Goh, and Dunja Perić. "Identifying Acceptable California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Value for Kansas Subgrades Using Pavement Rutting Data." In Geo-Congress 2022. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484067.034.

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Rangan, Parea Rusan, and M. Tumpu. "Influence of coconut shell ash and lime towards CBR value and subgrade bearing capacity." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICSAS) 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0079014.

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Reports on the topic "CBR VALUE"

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Eszterhai, Viktor, and Péter Goreczky. To Decouple or not to Decouple? How to Address China’s Dominance in the European EV Battery Supply Chain. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2022.61.

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Geopolitical tensions between Western countries and China are prompting the European Union to attempt to reduce China’s economic exposure. This poses a particularly serious challenge to the Hungarian government, whose economic policy cornerstone is to create a manufacturing base for the interconnected European and Asian electric car value chains. This paper seeks to answer the question how the European Union can realistically attempt to reduce the European electric car industry’s dependence on China by exploring mergers in the European electric car industry and the Chinese battery industry. The study concludes by discussing whether the Hungarian government should maintain its current economic policy in the future or whether it needs to reconsider it due to the high risks involved.
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Sallee, James, Sarah West, and Wei Fan. Do Consumers Recognize the Value of Fuel Economy? Evidence from Used Car Prices and Gasoline Price Fluctuations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21441.

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Science, Fera. Analysis of CBD Products. Food Standards Agency, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.cis490.

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The Food Standards Agency commissioned Fera Science Ltd. to carry out a survey to obtain a snapshot of CBD products on sale in England and Wales in order to inform FSA risk assessment of CBD products. Thirty CBD products were purchased from a range of online sellers from England and Wales. Samples comprised of two broad categories: oils and sprays, and edibles (including beverages). The sampling followed a scheme suggested by FSA. This is not a statistically representative sample of the market and instead provides a snapshot of the current market, to assist the design of future sampling and surveillance activity. There is the potential for residues of chemicals to be present in CBD products as a result of their natural occurrence in the raw material or arising from the manufacturing process, for example, mycotoxins, metals, pesticides, and the residues of solvents used to extract CBD. This study informs the FSA’s understanding of the type and levels of contaminants that may arise in CBD products. A wide range of analysis on CBD products was undertaken using accredited methods, for heavy metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, mycotoxins, CBD content and cannabinoid profiles. Analysis for residual solvents and additional mycotoxins was also carried out, but these were not accredited. The results of testing found the following: Heavy metals (cadmium, mercury & lead) and arsenic were not detected in the majority of samples, meaning levels were below the limits of quantification of the method. Seven samples contained lead, four samples arsenic and two samples contained cadmium. Mercury was not found in any sample. A definitive statement as to whether products exceed maximum levels cannot be made due to uncertainty as to whether products would be classified as a food (i.e. oil) or a food supplement. A low incidence of low levels of mycotoxins, with Fusarium mycotoxins found more frequently than aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, mostly at the methods reporting limit. Three samples were found to contain ochratoxin A at the methods reporting limit. A total of seven pesticide residues were found across all of the products (each product was tested for over 400 pesticides). There are no specific Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) for CBD products. One oil product was found to have PAHs above the regulated levels, if classed as a product for direct consumption. If classed as a food supplement the PAHs were within regulated levels. Three samples contained residual solvents. One product was over the MRL. Most products contained CBD close to the declared value. Two oils had substantially different levels than that declared (one higher and one lower). CBD was not detected in one of the drink products. These are potentially non-compliant with compositional and standards requirements. Delta 9-THC was detected in 87 % (26) of the samples analysed. Of these 40% (12) were found to have THC+ (the total sum of illicit cannabinoids in the product) above the 1mg threshold outlined in current Home Office guidance (Opens in a new window).
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Ali, Rassul. Konzeptentwicklung für CDM-Projekte - Risikoanalyse der projektbezogenen Generierung von CO2-Zertifikaten (CER). Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783933795842.

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The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a complex legal-institutional system that, on the one hand, offers industrialized countries options for cost-effective emission reductions and, on the other, provides developing countries with opportunities for sustainable development. Investors face the difficulty of identifying suitable CDM projects from approximately 130 possible host countries and nearly 60 possible project activities. In order to develop points of reference for strategic investments, this paper identifies and categorizes the risks arising in the value creation process of bilateral energy projects into four action-related levels. At the host level, the focus is on political-institutional and sector-specific risks, while at the investor state level, the legal design of the CDM's complementary function is relevant. The project level covers technology- and process-related risks, with the identification of the reference case and the proof of additionality posing particular problems. The future design of the CDM and the reform of the procedure at the UNFCCC level pose a fundamental risk. A two-stage assessment procedure is proposed for risk assessment: a rough analysis captures sociographic, climate policy, institutional and sector-specific criteria of the host. The differentiation of the project stage allows the localization of the project in the value chain and a differentiation regarding the use of methods. The assessment of project registration is based on the methods used and gives recognition rates per method and project category; project performance is measured in terms of the ratio of emission reductions actually realized to those planned in the project documentation. A detailed analysis following the coarse analysis provides qualitative guidance for project evaluation. These include the Executive Board's methodological principles, correct application of methodologies, identification of the reference case, proof of additionality, as well as the financial conditions of the relevant sector and publicity-related aspects. Despite individual hosts and project technologies, the developed two-step risk analysis allows, with relatively little effort and in line with business practice, an initial assessment of CDM project risks, so that overall it lays a fundamental building block for the elaboration of a strategic implementation and sustainable investment under the CDM.
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Chatagny, Laurent. PR-471-16206-R02 Suction Piping Effect on Pump Performance CFD. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011562.

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CFD simulations of pump suction piping coupled to a double suction volute pump were performed with oil at a viscosity of ~90 cSt. Two variants of the suction piping were modeled in order to investigate their effect on the pump performance. Measurement data obtained during PRCI project CPR-15A were used to validate the CFD setup. The CFD results were mostly in line with the measurements, in particular performance and pressure tap values in the suction piping. The pump rotor forces predicted by CFD however showed significant differences to the measured values. The CFD setup presented in this report provides a basis framework for further CFD investigations. This work will benefit the liquids pipeline station designers and operators and also CFD analysts by providing CFD comparisons to benchmark measurements.
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Fan, Meng, Qingqing Cheng, Jing Zeng, Dong Zhang, Zeyu Xiao, Changzheng Shi, and Liangping Luo. The guidance value of coronary artery disease revascularization comparison between CMR Stress Perfusion Imaging and FFRCT with ICA as the reference standard: meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.9.0001.

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Muelaner, Jody. Unsettled Issues Regarding First- and Last-mile Transport. SAE International, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021024.

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Sustainable first/last/only-mile (FLO-mile) transport is the key to sustainable travel. It could directly replace private car use for short urban journeys, which account for 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions. More importantly, it could enable public transport to be used for longer journeys, which account for 6% of emissions. Active travel, such as walking and cycling, has the lowest emissions and provides huge economic benefits that pay for the required infrastructure many times over. Unsettled Issues Regarding First- and Last-Mile Transport discusses the mass switch to more sustainable modes of transport and how to increase their perceived value to users. It also covers the prioritization of publicly owned cycles over rideshare options due to the latter’s higher lifecycle emissions, including manufacture, redistribution, and service operations and station construction.
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Amend. PR-186-133738-R01 Procedure for Determining Lower Bound Yield Strength of Pipe from Hardness Data. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010847.

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This project is a JIP project with the overall objective of demonstrating that hardness data from randomly selected pipe samples could be used to determine the lower bound YS of an entire pipeline segment at a quantified confidence level, and that results would be conservative in comparison to results determined using the methods currently described in 49 CFR Part 192 and 195. Three different types of field portable hardness testers and a laboratory Rockwell B tester were used on 50 pipe sample. The hardness testing using field portable testers was performed in accordance with ASME CRTD-Vol. 91. The hardness test results were converted to a calculated lower bound YS values using the correlations described in ASME CRTD-Vol. 57. The calculated lower bound YS was compared to the results of standard API 5L tensile tests. In addition, the metallurgical attributes of each pipe were characterized to determine if certain subsets of pipes produced better (or worse) correlations of lower bound YS calculated from hardness data to YS determined from tensile tests. The results showed that hardness data can be used to determine conservative values of lower bound YS using a range of different confidence levels.
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Clulow, F. V., T. P. Lim, and N. K. Dave. Radionuclide levels and 226Ra concentration ratios between water, vegetation, and tissues of ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) from a watershed with U tailings near Elliot Lake, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331773.

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Radionuclide levels measured in bone, muscle, kidney, and liver tissues, gut contents, and diet items of 47 grouse from the Serpent River drainage basin, containing U tailings at Elliot Lake, and from control areas in Ontario, showed variation by site and tissue. The mean level of 226Ra in bones of grouse sampled from Elliot Lake (28.5 mBq.g -1) was higher than that in bones of birds from a distant control site near Sudbury, Ontario (8.0 mBq.g -1), but similar to the value in a local control population (28.1 mBq.g -1). Birds from Mid- and Low-Serpent River basin populations (with 17.1 and 17.7 mBq.g-1 respectively) did not differ from local or distant control populations; muscle, liver, and kidney had lower 226Ra concentrations which did not differ significantly among populations. Levels of 226Ra in the crop contents and chyle did not differ significantly by site and were similar to those of food items consumed by the birds. Chyme values were higher in birds sampled in Elliot Lake and at the local control site than in those taken at the distant control site; birds sampled downstream from Elliot Lake did not differ from distant controls in this regard. Levels of 232Th, 236Th were below detection limits (0.1 gg.g-1 and 5.0 mBq.g-1 respectively) in bone, muscle, and liver tissue in two grouse with elevated levels of 226Ra. Other radionuclides were measurable in some tissues: 238U in bone at 0.4 gg.g-1 , in muscle to 0.2 gg.g -1 , in liver to 1.0 gg.g -1 ; 228Th was found only in muscle (8.0 mBq.g -1 ); 216Po was found in bone, muscle, and liver (maxima: 24.0, 7.0, 16.0 mBq.g-1 ) with the exception of one muscle sample; 216Pb was detected in only one liver sample (50.0 mBq.g -1 ). Environmental levels fell within ranges previously reported at the sites, or at similar locations elsewhere. Leaves of trembling and largetooth aspen growing in the basin had mean 226Ra levels of 41.8 and 52.7 mElq.g-1 (dry 215.4 mBq.g -1 (ai weight) respectively, fungal material caried up to r-dried), with some variation by site. River and lake waters sampled near the U tailings had 118.1 mBq.L -1- of dissolved 226Ra and at the distant control site the value was 12.1 mBq.L -1. The concentration ratios (CR) between bone of grouse collected at the Elliot Lake sites and trembling and largetooth aspen leaves were 1.38 and 1.09 (fresh weight basis); from other diet items and other tissues the values were less than unity. Water to tissue bone ratios, based on dissolved 226Ra levels (mBq.L -2) ranged to 144.08. People eating grouse from the study area are unlikely to consume radionuclides in excess of limits currently established by Canadian regulatory authorities.
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10

Brenan, J. M., K. Woods, J. E. Mungall, and R. Weston. Origin of chromitites in the Esker Intrusive Complex, Ring of Fire Intrusive Suite, as revealed by chromite trace element chemistry and simple crystallization models. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328981.

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Abstract:
To better constrain the origin of the chromitites associated with the Esker Intrusive Complex (EIC) of the Ring of Fire Intrusive Suite (RoFIS), a total of 50 chromite-bearing samples from the Black Thor, Big Daddy, Blackbird, and Black Label chromite deposits have been analysed for major and trace elements. The samples represent three textural groups, as defined by the relative abundance of cumulate silicate phases and chromite. To provide deposit-specific partition coefficients for modeling, we also report on the results of laboratory experiments to measure olivine- and chromite-melt partitioning of V and Ga, which are two elements readily detectable in the chromites analysed. Comparison of the Cr/Cr+Al and Fe/Fe+Mg of the EIC chromites and compositions from previous experimental studies indicates overlap in Cr/Cr+Al between the natural samples and experiments done at &amp;gt;1400oC, but significant offset of the natural samples to higher Fe/Fe+Mg. This is interpreted to be the result of subsolidus Fe-Mg exchange between chromite and the silicate matrix. However, little change in Cr/Cr+Al from magmatic values, owing to the lack of an exchangeable reservoir for these elements. A comparison of the composition of the EIC chromites and a subset of samples from other tectonic settings reveals a strong similarity to chromites from the similarly-aged Munro Township komatiites. Partition coefficients for V and Ga are consistent with past results in that both elements are compatible in chromite (DV = 2-4; DGa ~ 3), and incompatible in olivine (DV = 0.01-0.14; DGa ~ 0.02), with values for V increasing with decreasing fO2. Simple fractional crystallization models that use these partition coefficients are developed that monitor the change in element behaviour based on the relative proportions of olivine to chromite in the crystallizing assemblage; from 'normal' cotectic proportions involving predominantly olivine, to chromite-only crystallization. Comparison of models to the natural chromite V-Ga array suggests that the overall positive correlation between these two elements is consistent with chromite formed from a Munro Township-like komatiitic magma crystallizing olivine and chromite in 'normal' cotectic proportions, with no evidence of the strong depletion in these elements expected for chromite-only crystallization. The V-Ga array can be explained if the initial magma responsible for chromite formation is slightly reduced with respect to the FMQ oxygen buffer (~FMQ- 0.5), and has assimilated up to ~20% of wall-rock banded iron formation or granodiorite. Despite the evidence for contamination, results indicate that the EIC chromitites crystallized from 'normal' cotectic proportions of olivine to chromite, and therefore no specific causative link is made between contamination and chromitite formation. Instead, the development of near- monomineralic chromite layers likely involves the preferential removal of olivine relative to chromite by physical segregation during magma flow. As suggested for some other chromitite-forming systems, the specific fluid dynamic regime during magma emplacement may therefore be responsible for crystal sorting and chromite accumulation.
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